Paint, Construction, Plastics, Rubber Chemicals

DECANOL
Decanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula CH3(CH2)9OH.
Decanol is a colorless viscous liquid that is insoluble in water.
Decanol is colorless and has a strong odour.

CAS Number: 112-30-1
EC Number: 203-956-9
Molecular Formula: C16H26O
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 234.383

Decanol, also known as decyl alcohol or n-decyl alcohol, is a straight chain fatty alcohol.
Decanol can be used in the manufacture of lubricants, plasticizers, and solvents.
Ungraded products supplied by TCI America are generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Decanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula C10H21OH.
Decanol is a colorless to light yellow viscous liquid that is insoluble in water and has an aromatic odor.
The interfacial tension against water at 20 °C is 8.97 mN/m.

Decanol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Decanol is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Decanol, or decyl alcohol, is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula CH3(CH2)9OH.
Decanol is a colorless viscous liquid that is insoluble in water.

Decanol is colorless and has a strong odour.
Decanol is used in the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants, surfactants and solvents.

Decanol causes a high irritability to skin and eyes, when splashed into the eyes Decanol can cause permanent damage.
Also inhalation and ingestion can be harmful, Decanol can also function as a narcotic.
Decanol is also harmful in the environment.

Decanol belongs to the group of non-ionic surfactants of alkoxylated fatty alcohols.
Decanol has the form of a clear liquid with a low freezing point of about -15°C and a light colour, maximum 100 Hazen.

Decanol has a cloud point in water at the level of 20-24°C, while in butyl diglycol solutions Decanol is around 45°C (for a 10% solution).
The low level of the cloud point in aqueous solutions allows the full application advantages of Decanol to be used at temperatures close to or slightly above room temperature.

Decanol is used primarily as a component of cleaning formulations used in the processes of cleaning gas turbines or metal elements, especially at elevated temperatures.
Decanol is compatible with other components of auxiliary formulations, including chelating agents, solvents and alkalis, which makes Decanol easier for the formulator to handle.
At the same time, thanks to Decanol low foaming properties, Decanol prevents excessive foaming of working solutions.

The high wetting properties of Decanol combined with a low cloud point are also used in professional rinsing agents used in dishwashers.
By lowering the contact angle on hard surfaces, Decanol causes the dishes to dry faster, preventing the formation of stains.
Decanol is characterised by a low content of Na⁺ and K⁺ ions, thanks to which Decanol is not corrosive to metal surfaces, even at very high temperatures (so-called temperature corrosion).

Decanol complies with the biodegradability criteria laid down in Regulation (EC) No. 648/2004 on detergents.

Decanol is a natural product found in Mikania cordifolia, Cichorium endivia, and other organisms with data available.
Decanol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sweet fat-like odor.

Decanol is flash point 180 °F.
Decanol is a fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.

Decanol has a role as a metabolite and a protic solvent.
Decanol is a primary alcohol and a fatty alcohol.

Isolated from plant sources, e.g. citrus oils, apple, coriander, babaco fruit (Carica pentagonia), wines, scallop and other foods Decanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula CH3(CH2)9OH.
Decanol is a colorless viscous liquid that is insoluble in water.
Decanol is colorless and has a strong odour.

Decanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula CH3(CH2)9OH.
Decanol is a colorless viscous liquid that is insoluble in water.

Decanol is colorless and has a strong odour.
Decanol is used in the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants, surfactants and solvents.

Decanol causes a high irritability to skin and eyes, when splashed into the eyes Decanol can cause permanent damageand is also inhalation and ingestion can be harmful, Decanol can also function as a narcotic.
Decanol is also harmful in the environment.
Decanol is found in many foods, some of which are lime, white mustard, mollusks, and citrus.

Decanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula C10H21OH.
Decanol is a colorless viscous liquid that is insoluble in water and has a strong odor.
The interfacial tension against water at 20 °C is 8.97 mN/m.

Decanol can be prepared by the hydrogenation of decanoic acid, which occurs in modest quantities in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%).
Decanol may also be produced synthetically via the Ziegler process.

Decanol is used in the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants, surfactants and solvents.
Decanol ability to permeate the skin has led to Decanol being investigated as a penetration enhancer for transdermal drug delivery.

Decanol Market Outlook – 2030
Decanol is a derivative of natural fat or oil.
The hydrogenation action of decanoic acid forms decanol.

The density of decanol is 0.8297 g/cm3, boiling point 232.90C and has an aromatic odor.
Decanol is a colorless liquid, a lubricating agent and is inflammable.

Decanol has solubilizing and emulsifying properties due to which Decanol can be used as anti-spalling agent in concrete.
In natural based wetting agents, decanol is used as an antifoam and raw material for surfactants and solvents.

Because of Decanol ability to permeate the skin, Decanol is also used as penetration enhancer in transdermal drug delivery in the pharmaceutical industry.
Decanol is a biodegradable substance and hence degrades in the environment.

The names for Decanol are 1-Decanol, Decyl Alcohol, n-Decanol, primary Decyl Alcohol, Decylic Alcohol, n-Decyl Alcohol, Capric Alcohol, and Alcohol C-10.
The molecular formula for Decanol is C10H21OH.

Covid-19 Impact analysis:
The increase in the demand for personal care products gave a boost to the decanol market in the pandemic.
Usage of soaps, sanitizers and detergents increased in order to maintain personal hygiene.

The growth in the market is seen due to the companies reshuffling their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures like social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in many challenges for the operation.
The rise in the demand from the pharmaceutical industry has boosted the growth of the decanol market during the covid-19 outbreak.

Top Impacting factors:
The demand for surfactant-based products, such as detergents and washing soaps, has been growing.
The demand for soaps, hand sanitizers, and other personal care products is also increasing as a precautionary measure against the spread of coronavirus.

Decanol acts as a surfactant in cleaning products.
The lowering of the surface tension is accelerated at the presence of decanol.

High diffusion property of decanol help easy and rapid cleaning.
Thus this can drive the market in upcoming years.

The all-time collapse in oil prices due to lockdown implemented because of COVID-19, the production of plastic went down.
Moreover, the adoption from the manufacturers towards advanced technologies could hamper the growth of the antimicrobial plastics market.
This could prove as restraint during the forecast period.

Market Trends:

Acquisition:
The adoption from the manufacturers towards advanced technologies could hamper the growth of the antimicrobial plastics market as this may lead to decrease in the demand of decanol and may use the substitute product.
Companies are adopting marketing tactics like and merging and acquisition strategies to expand their market share.

They are also shifting their production facilities to emerging economies in Asia-Pacific countries like India, China and Japan and in Latin America like Brazil and Argentina, due to the easy availability of land, cheap labor, and governmental subsidies.
Decanols based on oleochemicals are made through the hydrogenation of decanoic acid.

Palm oil, kernel oil, coconut oil, and rapeseed oil are some examples of natural sources.
The oleochemical-based decanols are preferred in a variety of applications due to their biodegradability.

Uses of Decanol:
Decanol is used in the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants, surfactants and solvents.
Decanol ability to permeate the skin has led to Decanol being investigated as a penetration enhancer for transdermal drug delivery.

Decanol is used to produce plasticizers, lubricants, petroleum additives, herbicides, surface active chemicals, and solvents.
Decanol is used in the perfume industry.

Decanol is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of esters and fragrances and as an artificial flavor in foods.
Decanol is used in the manufacture of plasticizers, synthetic lubricants, petroleum additives, herbicides, surface active agents, solvents.
Decanol has moderate antifoaming capacity.

For oil drilling and secondary oil recovery, as an additive for oil-based fracturing fluids.
Decanol is also the raw material of polyvinyl chloride wire coating material and high-grade artificial leather plasticizer (DIDP,DIDA), uranium refining, defoaming agent; Surfactant raw material, solvent.
In agriculture, Decanol can be used as a solvent and stabilizer for herbicides, pesticides and synthetic raw.

Decanol is used to make artificial rose oil, orange flower type and Acacia type essence, etc.
Decanol is also used in the system of lubricating oil additives, plasticizers, adhesives, etc.

Decanol is a raw material for the manufacture of surfactants, plasticizers, synthetic fibers, defoamers, herbicides, lubricating oil additives and perfumes, Decanol is also used as a solvent for ink and the like
GB 2760-96 is defined as a permitted perfume.

Mainly used in the preparation of orange, lemon, coconut and fruit flavor type.
Trace for Acacia, osmanthus fragrans, violet, red rose, orange flower, yellow narcissus, Iris, clove, Jasmine and sweet orange flower flavor formula.

Decanol can be used as a synergic or modifying agent for linalool in low-grade floral-type formulations.
Sometimes used in industrial deodorization or to mask the bad breath of industrial products.

In the food flavor can also be used in small amounts in cream, orange, coconut, lemon and a variety of fruit aroma.
preparation of soap, daily cosmetics flavor.

In C8-C18 of the very important position of the alcohol, used in the Rose line flowers fragrant essence.
As a citrus fruit flavor, Decanol is used in beverages, sweets, etc.

The amounts in food (ppm) were as follows:
Ice cream 4.6,
Candy 5.2,
Chewing gum 3.0,
Beverage 2.1.

They should not be used for purposes other than perfuming.
Decanol is also the raw material of polyvinyl chloride wire coating material and high-grade artificial leather plasticizer (DIDP,DIDA), uranium refining, Defoamer, surfactant raw material, solvent.

In agriculture, Decanol can be used as a solvent and stabilizer for herbicides, pesticides and synthetic raw materials.
As a green fruit ripening agent, can also be used for ornamental plants and tobacco and other seed germination control.

Decanol can also be used in oil drilling and secondary oil recovery.
Decanol is used in the production of surfactants, plasticizers and fatty alcohols

Reported uses (ppm): (Flavor and Extract Manufacturers' Association, 1994)

Food Category - Usual - Max.:
Alcoholic beverages - 2.00 - 5.0023.97
Baked goods - 37.11 - 40.21
Chewing gum - 0.25 - 0.25
Frozen dairy - 26.05 - 32.75
Gelatins, puddings - 24.78 - 27.97
Hard candy - 0.60 - 0.79
Nonalcoholic beverages - 12.39 - 17.01

Widespread uses by professional workers
Decanol is used in the following products: lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.
Decanol is used in the following areas: building & construction work.

Decanol is used for the manufacture of: mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), machinery and vehicles, rubber products, plastic products and fabricated metal products.
Other release to the environment of Decanol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Uses at industrial sites:
Decanol is used in the following products: lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.
Decanol is used in the following areas: building & construction work.

Decanol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).
Release to the environment of Decanol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Aerating and deaerating agents
Cleaning agent
Intermediate
Intermediates
Lubricating agent
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)
Oxidizing/reducing agents
Plasticizer
Solvent
Surface active agents
Wetting agent (non-aqueous)
Functional fluids (closed systems)
Intermediate
Intermediates
Plasticizers
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Surface active agents

Consumer Uses:
Decanol is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, coating products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), anti-freeze products, finger paints, lubricants and greases and polishes and waxes.
Other release to the environment of Decanol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Other Consumer Uses:
Cleaning agent
Flavoring and nutrient
Intermediates
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)
Oxidizing/reducing agents
Surface active agents
Functional fluids (closed systems)
Intermediates
Plasticizers
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Surface active agents

Applications of Decanol:
Dishwasher detergents,
Cleaning metal parts,
Cleaning of gas turbines.

Advantages of Decanol:
High wetting capacity,
Low foaming capacity combined with the ability to regulate foaming,
Low freezing point,
High detergency,
Low tendency to form gels in concentrated aqueous solutions,
Effective reduction of the contact angle.

Nature of Decanol:
Decanol is colorless viscous liquid, leaf-like or rectangular plate-like crystals when solidified.
Decanol is insoluble in water, water solubility 2.8% (mass).

Decanol is soluble in acetic acid, ethanol, benzene, petroleum ether, very soluble in ether.
Decanol is in case of high heat, open flame or contact with oxidant, there is a risk of combustion.

Preparation Method of Decanol:
Coconut oil as a raw material, in the presence of mixed oxides, by high temperature and high pressure hydrogenation.
The mixed alcohols with even number of carbon atoms obtained by the reaction (including low carbon alcohol to octadecanol) are subjected to vacuum fractionation.

The Ca ~ Cl2 fraction is refined by boric acid esterification method, and then subjected to vacuum fractionation after hydrolysis, made of nonyl aldehyde, and then reduced to nonyl alcohol, refined by distillation.
Alternatively, propylene is polymerized in the presence of phosphoric acid or boron fluoride to give nonene, which is reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the liquid phase.

Production of Decanol:
Decanol can be prepared by the hydrogenation of decanoic acid, which occurs in modest quantities in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%).
Decanol may also be produced synthetically via the Ziegler process.

Manufacturing Methods of Decanol:
Decanol is manufacturing high-pressure catalytic hydrogenation of the esters of naturally occurring capric acid, or by oligomerization of ethylene using aluminum alkyl technology
Decanol is produced from the reaction of acetaldehyde and crotonaldehyde followed by hydrogenation.

Decanol is prepared commercially by sodium reduction or by the high-pressure catalytic reduction of coconut oil, coconut fatty acids, or esters.
Decanol is also produced by the Ziegler process, which involves oxidation of trialkylaluminum compounds.

General Manufacturing Information of Decanol:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Construction
Mining (except Oil and Gas) and support activities
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing
Plastics Product Manufacturing
Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
Wholesale and Retail Trade
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Construction
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
Petrochemical Manufacturing
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
Wholesale and Retail Trade

Human Metabolite Information of Decanol:

Cellular Locations:
Extracellular
Membrane

Handling and Storage of Decanol:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
All equipment used when handling Decanol must be grounded.

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do Decanol without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Safe Storage:
Separated from strong oxidants, acid anhydrides and acid chlorides.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Storage Conditions:
Store under lock and key in ventilated room, secure from access by unauthorized persons and children.
Store in a cool, dry area away from any heat or ignition source.

Safety of Decanol:
Like other medium chain fatty alcohols, Decanol is able to permeate the skin which can lead to irritation.
Inhalation, ingestion or absorption through the skin is harmful to the body, has a strong stimulating effect, after contact can cause burning sensation, Cough, laryngitis, shortness of breath, Head Pain, Nausea and Vomit.
Long contact time can cause anesthetic effect.

Staff should be protected.
Store in a cool, ventilated room.

Keep away from fire and heat source.
Keep the container sealed.

Should be stored separately from the oxidant.
Handling should be light and light unloading, to prevent packaging and container damage.

First Aid Measures of Decanol:

Inhalation:
Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
Call a POISONCENTER or doctor/physician.

Skin contact:
Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

Eye contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

Ingestion:
Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
Rinse mouth.
Do NOT induce vomiting.

Symptoms/effects:

Acute:
Cough.
Redness.

Delayed:
May have effects on the respiratory tract.

Indication of any immediate medical attention:
Not available.

Notes to physician:
No data available

Fire Fighting of Decanol:
The majority of these products have a very low flash point.
Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION:
For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used.
Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto Decanol.
If Decanol can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Use water spray, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
Wear self-contained breathing appartus for firefighting if necessary.
Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapors, mist, or gas.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Remove all sources of ignition.

Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations.
Vapors can accumulate in low areas.

Accidental Release Measures of Decanol:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL:
Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Decanol:

Personal protection:
Filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of Decanol.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Cover the spilled material with inert absorbent.
Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.

Cleanup Methods of Decanol:

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulation.
Keep in suitable closed containers for disposal.

Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.
Cover the spilled material with absorbent.
Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers.

Disposal Methods of Decanol:
Recycle any unused portion of the material for Decanol approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
The material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
If Decanol is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Preventive Measures of Decanol:
The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent.
The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon Decanol, but also on factors including the form of Decanol, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses.
However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye.

In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn.
In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Identifiers of Decanol:
CAS Number: 112-30-1
ChEBI: CHEBI:28903
ChEMBL: ChEMBL25363
ChemSpider: 7882
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.597
KEGG: C01633
PubChem CID: 8174
UNII: 89V4LX791F
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID7021946
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H21OH/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11/h11H,2-10H2,1H3
Key: MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C10H21OH/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11/h11H,2-10H2,1H3
Key: MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYAN
SMILES: OCCCCCCCCCC

CAS number: 112-30-1
EC number: 203-956-9
Hill Formula: C₁₀H₂₂O
Chemical formula: CH₃(CH₂)₉OH
Molar Mass: 158.28 g/mol
HS Code: 2905 19 00

Synonym(s): n-Decyl alcohol, Alcohol C10
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)9OH
CAS Number: 112-30-1
Molecular Weight: 158.28
Beilstein: 1735221
EC Number: 203-956-9
MDL number: MFCD00004747
PubChem Substance ID: 24849047
NACRES: NA.22

Article No.: 520240500
Molecular Formula: C10H22O
H.S. Code: 2905.1900
Molecular Weight: 158.29
CAS No.: 112-30-1

CAS: 62607-69-6
Molecular Formula: C16H26O
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 234.383
MDL Number: MFCD00014426
InChI Key: WNFXODBOMMSELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 568845
IUPAC Name: 10-phenyldecan-1-ol
SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCCCCCCCCCO

EC / List no.: 203-956-9
CAS no.: 112-30-1
Mol. formula: C10H22O

Properties of Decanol:
Chemical formula: C10H21OH
Molar mass: 158.28 g/mol
Appearance: Viscous liquid
Density: 0.8297 g/cm3
Melting point: 6.4 °C (43.5 °F; 279.5 K)
Boiling point: 232.9 °C (451.2 °F; 506.0 K)
Solubility in water: 37 mg/L at 20°C[2]
log P: 4.57
Viscosity: 12.048 mPa.s (@ 25 °C)

Boiling point: 220 - 235 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.8306 g/cm3 (20 °C) DIN 51757
Explosion limit: 0.9 - 5.7 %(V)
Flash point: 95 °C DIN 51758
Ignition temperature: 254 °C
Melting Point: 5 - 7 °C
Vapor pressure: Solubility: 21.1 mg/l

Vapor density: 4.5 (vs air)
Quality Level: 100

Vapor pressure:
1 mmHg ( 70 °C)
8.25 mmHg ( 100 °C)

Assay: 98%
Form: liquid
Autoignition temp.: 550 °F
Refractive index: n20/D 1.437 (lit.)
bp: 231 °C (lit.)
mp: 5-7 °C (lit.)
Solubility: H2O: slightly soluble 0.0211 g/L at 20 °C
Density: 0.829 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: CCCCCCCCCCO
InChI: 1S/C10H22O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11/h11H,2-10H2,1H3
InChI key: MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 158.28
XLogP3: 4.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Exact Mass: 158.167065321
Monoisotopic Mass: 158.167065321
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Complexity: 61.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Decanol:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.829 - 0.830
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: 35°C to 37°C
Boiling Point: 145°C to 147°C (0.5mmHg)
Beilstein: 1955067
Quantity: 5 g
Formula Weight: 234.39
Percent Purity: 96%
Chemical Name or Material: 10-Phenyl-1-decanol

Related Products of Decanol:
Nivalenol
(R)-Ochratoxin α
Di-N-heptytin Dichloride-D30
Ergosinine
3-Ethyl-2-methylpentane

Names of Decanol:

Regulatory process names:
1-Decanol
1-decanol
Decan-1-ol
Decan-1-ol
decan-1-ol

CAS names:
1-Decanol

IUPAC names:
1 - Decanol
1 decanol
1-Decanol
1-Decanol
1-Decanol
alcohol C-10
Alcohol C10
DECAN-1-OL
Decan-1-ol
decan-1-ol
Decan-1-ol
decan-1-ol
Decanol
Decanol
DECANOL NORMAL
Decanol-1 (Capric alcohol)
Nafol-10, Decyl Alcohol

Preferred IUPAC name:
Decan-1-ol

Trade names:
ALCHEM 10
Alcohol C10
CO-1099K
ECOROL 02
ECOROL 10/98
ECOROL 10/99
ECOROL 80
Fettalkohol 10
Fettalkohol 1012
Fettalkohol 810
Kalcol
Lincol 1012
Lincol 810
MASCOL 1098
MASCOL 80
Nacol 10
Nafol 10
Nafol 1012
Nafol 810
PL1419
Vegarol 10
Vegarol 1099

Other names:
decyl alcohol
n-decyl alcohol
capric alcohol
epal 10
antak
agent 504

Other identifier:
112-30-1

Synonyms of Decanol:
1-DECANOL
Decan-1-ol
Decyl alcohol
112-30-1
Decanol
n-Decyl alcohol
n-Decanol
Capric alcohol
Nonylcarbinol
Antak
Caprinic alcohol
Royaltac
n-Decan-1-ol
Agent 504
Alcohol C-10
Primary decyl alcohol
Alfol 10
n-Decatyl alcohol
Epal 10
Royaltac M-2
Royaltac-85
Decylic alcohol
Sipol L10
1-Hydroxydecane
Lorol 22
Dytol S-91
Alcohol C10
Decanol (VAN)
Kalcohl 10H
C 10 alcohol
DECYL, N- ALCOHOL
Conol 10N
Epal 810
Nacol 10-99
FEMA No. 2365
T-148
36729-58-5
85566-12-7
NSC 406313
Decanol-(1)
Lorol C10
CHEBI:28903
89V4LX791F
NSC406313
NSC-406313
n-Nonylcarbinol
Sprout-Off
1-Decanol, >=98%
C10 alcohol
1-Decanol (natural)
Kalcohl 1098
Alfol 810
Caswell No. 275A
Emtrol 1630B
Contak
Delete
FEMA Number 2365
CAS-112-30-1
CCRIS 654
DECYLALCOHOL
HSDB 1072
Emtrol 1601
Tobacco sucker control agent 148
Tobacco sucker control agent 504
T-148 (VAN)
EINECS 203-956-9
EINECS 287-621-2
MFCD00004747
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079038
BRN 1735221
Nonylcacarbinol
Panorama
n-decylalcohol
Nonyl acarbinol
UNII-6X61I5U3A4
UNII-89V4LX791F
AI3-02173
T 148
Decyl n- alcohol
EINECS 253-173-1
ALFOL 10 ALCOHOL
1-Decanol n-Decyl alcohol
1-DECANOL [FHFI]
1-DECANOL [HSDB]
EC 203-956-9
DECYL ALCOHOL [FCC]
SCHEMBL21645
DECYL ALCOHOL [INCI]
4-01-00-01815 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
66455-17-2
BIDD:ER0304
CHEMBL25363
N-DECYL ALCOHOL [MI]
1-Decanol, analytical standard
WLN: Q10
1-decanol (ACD/Name 4.0)
NACOL 10-99 ALCOHOL
CAPRIC ALCOHOL [USP-RS]
DTXSID7021946
BDBM36280
6X61I5U3A4
ZINC1529247
Tox21_202186
Tox21_300078
LMFA05000062
STL280520
1-Decanol, >=98%, FCC, FG
AKOS000120014
NCGC00163764-01
NCGC00163764-02
NCGC00163764-03
NCGC00163764-04
NCGC00254141-01
NCGC00259735-01
AS-56505
1-Decanol, Selectophore(TM), >=98.0%
D0031
FT-0607691
EN300-19920
C01633
Q47118
A802549
J-002747
F0001-0257
476960DD-B0CE-4D91-B27C-A9490A89B065
Capric alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
decan-1-ol, capric alcohol, decan-1-ol, decyl alcohol, alcohol C10, 1-decanol
70084-71-8
DECETH-3
DECETH-3, N° CAS : 26183-52-8, Nom INCI : DECETH-3, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : 3,6,9,12-TETRAOXADOCOSAN-1-OL ALCOOL DECYLIQUE ETHOXYLE Alcool décylique éthoxylé ALPHA-DECYL-OMEGA-HYDROXY-POLY(OXYETHYLENE) POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), ALPHA-DECYL-OMEGA-HYDROXY- Noms anglais : DECYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED DECYL POLY(OXYETHYLENE) ETHER PEG-4 DECYL ETHER Polyethylene glycol decyl ether POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONODECYL ETHER
DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE
Deceth-4 Phosphate is a polyoxyethylene ether of decyl alcohol which is used in cosmetic products as a surfactant and emulsifier.


CAS Number: 9004-80-2 / 52019-36-0
Molecular Formula:(C2H4O)nC10H22O.xH3O4P
Molecular Formula: C12H29O6P



DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-6 PHOSPHATE, Polyethyleneglycol decyl ether phosphate, HEXAETHYLENE GLYCOL PHOSPHATE MONOISODECYL ETHER, polyethylene glycol monodecyl ether phosphate, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-decyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, phosphate, POLYETHYLENEGLYCOLMONODECYLPHOSPHATE, Decyl alcohol ethoxylated, phosphate, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-decyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate, Polyethylene glycol monodecyl ether phosphate, Ethfac 161, Chemfac PD 600,
Rhodafac RA 600, Gafac RA 600, Monafax 1214, Monofax 1214, Cedephos FA 600, Polyethylene glycol decyl ether phosphate, RA 600, Deceth phosphate,
Plysurf A 210D, Deceth-4 phosphate, Monafax 831, Crodafos D 4A, 2-(Decyloxy)ethanol - phosphoric acid (1:1), Ethanol, 2-(decyloxy)-, compd. with phosphoric acid (1:1), Deceth-4 phosphate, 52019-36-0, 12674-35-0, 2-decoxyethanol, phosphoric acid, SCHEMBL6249805, DTXSID50923750, Phosphoric acid-2-decyloxy)ethan-1-ol (1/1), phosphoric acid compound with 2-(decyloxy)ethan-1-ol (1:1), 121273-62-9, Cedephos FA 600, Chemfac PD 600, Crodafos D 4A, Deceth phosphate, DECETH-6 PHOSPHATE, Decyl alcohol ethoxylated, phosphate, Ethfac 161, Gafac RA 600, HEXAETHYLENE GLYCOL PHOSPHATE MONOISODECYL ETHER, Monafax 1214, Monafax 831, Monofax 1214, Plysurf A 210D, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-decyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, phosphate, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-decyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate, Polyethylene glycol decyl ether phosphate, polyethylene glycol monodecyl ether phosphate, Polyethyleneglycol decyl ether phosphate, POLYETHYLENEGLYCOLMONODECYLPHOSPHATE, RA 600, Rhodafac RA 600, DECETH-6 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE, POLYETHYLENEGLYCOLMONODECYLPHOSPHATE, Decyl alcohol ethoxylated, phosphate, Polyethyleneglycol decyl ether phosphate, polyethylene glycol monodecyl ether phosphate, HEXAETHYLENE GLYCOL PHOSPHATE MONOISODECYL ETHER, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-decyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, phosphate, Cedephos FA 600Chemfac PD 600Crodafos D 4ADeceth phosphateDECETH-6 PHOSPHATEDecyl alcohol ethoxylated, phosphateEthfac 161Gafac RA 600, CRODAFOS D4A, DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE [INCI], ETHFAC 141, MONAFAX 1214, PEG-4 DECYL ETHER PHOSPHATE, POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 200 DECYL ETHER PHOSPHATE, POLYOXYETHYLENE (4) DECYL ETHER PHOSPHATE, Deceth-4 phosphate, PEG-4 Decyl ether phosphate, Polyethylene glycol 200 decyl ether phosphate, Polyoxyethylene (4) decyl ether phosphate, 9DM9ID049P, CRODAFOS D4A, Decyl alcohol ethoxylated, phosphate, Decyl alcohol, ethoxylated, phosphate, Decylalcohol, ethoxylated, phosphated, ETHFAC 141, MONAFAX 1214, Polyethoxylated decanol phosphate, UNII-97TW81K95C, UNII-9DM9ID049P, DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-6 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-9 PHOSPHATE, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-decyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, phosphate, POLYETHYLENEGLYCOLMONODECYLPHOSPHATE, Decyl alcohol ethoxylated, phosphate, Decyl alcohol,ethoxylated,phosphate, Decylalcohol,ethoxy, DECETH-6 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-9 PHOSPHATE, Decylalcohol,ethoxylated,phosphated, Decyl alcohol,ethoxylated,phosphate, Decyl alcohol ethoxylated, phosphate, POLYETHYLENEGLYCOLMONODECYLPHOSPHATE, Polyethyleneglycol decyl ether phosphate, polyethylene glycol monodecyl ether phosphate, HEXAETHYLENE GLYCOL PHOSPHATE MONOISODECYL ETHER, DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-6 PHOSPHATE, DECETH-9 PHOSPHATE, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-decyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, phosphate, POLYETHYLENEGLYCOLMONODECYLPHOSPHATE, Decyl alcohol ethoxylated, phosphate, Decyl alcohol, ethoxylated, phosphate, Decylalcohol, ethoxylated, phosphate



Deceth-4 Phosphate plays a crucial role in enhancing the stability and texture of various cosmetic formulations.
Deceth-4 Phosphate is commonly found in shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and other skincare products.
The role of this skin care ingredient, Deceth-4 Phosphate, is: Detergent, emulsifier.


Polyalkylene glycol ethers are non-ionic compounds whose lipophilic part consists of fatty alcohols, e.g. decyl alcohol.
The hydrophilic part is formed by short-chain polyethylene glycols (polyoxyethylene).
In the designation of fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, the inserted numbering means the average number of ethylene oxide units per mole.


Deceth-4 Phosphate, for example, is the INCI designation for a polyoxyethylene ether with 4 ethylene oxide units per mol.
"Deceth-" refers to a PEG ether of decyl alcohol.
The number behind "deceth" refers to the average number of molecular units -CH2-CH2-O-.


The similar applies to other alcohols (un-/do-/tri-/tetradecyl-, isodecyl-, octylododecyl-, …)
Phosphates are salts or esters of phosphoric acid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
Deceth-4 Phosphate is a colorless liquid, widely used in personal care products as an emulsifier and surfactant, with excellent solubility in water.
Deceth-4 Phosphate plays a crucial role in enhancing the stability and texture of various cosmetic formulations.
Deceth-4 Phosphate is commonly found in shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and other skincare products.


Deceth-4 Phosphate's special properties include its ability to create stable emulsions, improve foam formation, and enhance the spreadability of formulations.
Deceth-4 Phosphate is an essential ingredient in the cosmetic industry, ensuring the effectiveness and quality of various personal care products.
Cosmetic Uses of Deceth-4 Phosphate: surfactants, and surfactant - emulsifying



FUNCTIONS OF DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SURFACTANT - EMULSIFIER
Mixes the water and oil phases of a formula to create an emulsion

*SURFACTANT - CLEANER
Moisten the surface of the skin, emulsify or make oils soluble and suspend impurities (in general, these ingredients contribute to the foaming properties of cleansing products).

*SURFACTANT – EMULSIFIER:
Deceth-4 Phosphate helps suspend or disperse liquids in a second liquid by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified.

*SURFACTANT – CLEANSER:
Deceth-4 Phosphate wets body surfaces, emulsifies or solubilizes oils and suspends dirt (generally, these ingredients contribute to the soap and foaming properties of cleaning products).



UTILITY OF DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
*Emulsifiers ( Emulsifying )
*Promote the formation of intimate mixtures of immiscible liquids by changing the interfacial tension
*Surfactant ( Surfactant )
*Deceth-4 Phosphate reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and also helps distribute the product evenly when used



FUNCTIONS OF DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SURFACTANT - CLEANSING
Surface-active agent to clean skin, hair and / or teeth

*SURFACTANT - EMULSIFYING
Deceth-4 Phosphate allows the formation of finely dispersed mixtures of oil and water (emulsions)



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
Boiling point: 275.1°Cat760mmHg
Flash Point: 70.7°C
CAS No.: 121273-62-9
CID: 104057
Molecular Formula: C12H29O6P (isomer)
Inchi: InChI=1S/C12H26O2.H3O4P/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-11-14-12-10-13;1-5(2,3)4/h13H,2-12H2,1H3;(H3,1,2,3,4)
InChIkey: DKELNUBFYRNPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical Smiles: CCCCCCCCCCOCCO.OP(=O)(O)O
Isomers Smiles: CCCCCCCCCCOCCO.OP(=O)(O)O
Molecular Weight: 300.33 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6

Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 300.17017564 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 300.17017564 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 107Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 19
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 144
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID MEASURES of DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE
Decyl D-glucoside functions as a mild and gentle cleanser, emulsifier, and foaming agent.
Decyl D-glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types .


CAS Number: 54549-25-6
EC Number: 259-218-1
MDL Number: MFCD23103077
Chem/IUPAC Name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Chemical formula: C16H32O6



SYNONYMS:
Decyl glucoside, 141464-42-8, 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside, Decyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, Decyl .alpha.-D-glucopyranoside, Decyl hexopyranoside, (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL, SCHEMBL22691938, DTXSID80860442, BCP34657, MCULE-8296703800, NS00002371, n-decyl glucoside, n-decyl D-glucoside, DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE, n-decyl D-glucopyranoside, D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE,DECYL, DECYL D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, Decyl D-glucoside, decyl D-glucopyranoside, decyl D-glucoside, decyl dextro-glucoside, D- glucopyranoside, decyl, decyl D-glucoside D-Glucopyranoside, decyl Einecs 259-218-1, APG10 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside, C10 Alkyl glucoside, APG10, Einecs 259-218-1, decyl D-glucoside, C10 Alkyl glucoside, D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside, Decyl β-D-glucopyranoside, (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, 68515-73-1, Decyl glucoside, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol, Decyl D-glucopyranoside, Decyl D-glucoside, 54549-25-6, 141464-42-8, D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol, Capryl glycoside, MFCD23103077, Caprylyl glycoside, decyl glucopyranoside, EINECS 259-218-1, C16H32O6, n-decyl-d-glucopyranoside, D-Glucose decyl octyl ether, SCHEMBL43196, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL, APG0814, DTXSID30893008, AKOS016004985, DS-3841, DB-187061, DB-336025, A867031, W-111093, W-203522, APG0810, D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides, (C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar, alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside, DECYL OCTYL D-GLUCOSE, D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric, Decyl-octyl glycosides oligomer, Octyldecyl Glucoside, Alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside, APG0810, (C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides, D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric, Decyl D-glucopyranoside, Decyl D-glucoside, Decyl octyl d-glucose, Caprylyl/Decyl Glucoside, Glucopon 215 UP, Unipon 215, D-Glucose Decyl Octyl Ether, Oligomeric Capryl/Caprylyl Glycoside, APG0810,D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides,(C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar,alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside,DECYL OCTYL D-GLUCOSE,D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric,Decyl-octyl glycosides oligomer,Octyldecyl Glucoside,



Decyl D-glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies .
Decyl D-glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types .
Decyl D-glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant widely utilized in personal care and household products.


Decyl D-glucoside is produced by the reaction (known as esterification) of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol capric alcohol, which is obtained from coconut and/or palm oil.
Decyl D-glucoside has excellent dermal compatibility


Decyl D-glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl D-glucoside is a surfactant (a cleansing and foaming agent) of plant origin.
Decyl D-glucoside is produced by the reaction (known as esterification) of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol capric alcohol, which is obtained from coconut and/or palm oil.


Decyl D-glucoside is produced by the reaction (known as esterification) of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol capric alcohol, which is obtained from coconut and/or palm oil.
Decyl D-glucoside combines excellent foaming and hydrotroping properties of Caprylyl/capryl glucoside and superior emulsifying and thickening properties of Lauryl Glucoside.


Decyl D-glucoside has been seen to be skin-friendly.
Its mildness makes it suitable to be used even on sensitive skin.
Decyl D-glucoside also known as caprylyl glucoside is a natural-origin, vegetable-based surfactant obtained from corn and natural oils.


Decyl D-glucoside is a clear to light-yellow, viscous liquid.
Decyl D-glucoside is a glucose alkyl ether that contains 60% active matter and is ECOCERT certified, preservative free and free from impurities.
Decyl D-glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant with exceptional foaming properties, gentle for the skin.


Decyl D-glucoside is a clear golden liquid, viscous, with no odor, and soluble in water with a pH value of 7.0-9.5 (10% actives).
This foaming surfactant, Decyl D-glucoside, is plant-derived, ECOCERT-certified, and preservative-free.
Decyl D-glucoside is derived from renewable plant sources and possesses excellent biodegradability and low toxicity.


Decyl D-glucoside functions as a mild and gentle cleanser, emulsifier, and foaming agent.
Decyl D-glucoside effectively removes dirt and oils without causing skin irritation, making it suitable for sensitive skin formulations.
As an APG product, Decyl D-glucoside is mild and readily biodegradable.


Decyl D-glucoside is a versatile, plant-based surfactant that is produced from coconuts and cornstarch.
The carbon chain length used to make Decyl D-glucoside is 60% C8-C10 and 40% C12-C14.
By reacting decyl alcohol with cyclic glucose, Decyl D-glucoside is drawn out of sugars and fatty acids by a process known as esterification.


With a viscosity level of 1000-2500 (mPa•s, 20℃), Decyl D-glucoside produces the fastest, wealthiest foam, but the foam also disappears quickly as compared to other Glucosides.
Decyl D-glucoside's low viscosity also enhances the fluidity of your formulation.


To speak in terms of chemistry, Decyl D-glucoside is a type of the alkyl glucoside that forms after a reaction of the Decyl alcohol or Capric alcohol and glucose.
Decyl D-glucoside is a non-irritant and naturally derived foaming agent obtained from renewable raw materials such as vegetable oil and starch.


Respecting the skin's biological balance and the environment, Decyl D-glucoside is an ideal foaming surfactant for "green" hygiene and hair formulas!
Natural, mild, and with an excellent sensory profile, Decyl D-glucoside's an ideal ingredient for liquid soap, foaming cleanser, or makeup remover.
Decyl D-glucoside exhibits outstanding foaming behavior with dense and creamy foam bubbles.


Decyl D-glucoside is a new type of nonionic surfactant alkyl glycoside (APG).
Starch-based surfactants have become one of the major research topics of scholars at home and abroad since the 1980s, and alkyl glycosides are the most active research field and development focus.


This versatile ingredient, Decyl D-glucoside, is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and natural cleaning products, providing effective cleansing while maintaining a gentle and environmentally-friendly profile.
Decyl D-glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic products, including baby shampoo and for people with sensitive skin.


Decyl D-glucoside is a biodegradable plant derivative that is completely natural.
Decyl D-glucoside is made from natural resources by blending the fatty alcohol found in coconut with the glucose found in starch and sugar.
Decyl D-glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant that is found in most skincare and hair care products.


Decyl D-glucoside is a thick, slightly yellowish, turbid liquid.
Decyl D-glucoside is moderate and delicate, making it suitable for persons with sensitive skin.
Have you ever wondered why your bath, baby, cleaning, and hair care products lather so much?


Decyl D-glucoside’s due to surfactants.
Surfactants are essential in the beauty business.
Many skincare and haircare products contain it.


Decyl D-glucoside is not harmful and has a lower skin irritation level compared to other surfactants.
Decyl D-glucoside is an organic compound (C16H32O6) that is obtained from nature.
Decyl D-glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant that has gained popularity in the cosmetic and hair care industry.


Decyl D-glucoside is a 100% biodegradable ingredient that is derived from plants.
Decyl D-glucoside is synthesized following a reaction between glucose obtained from corn starch and the fatty alcohol decanol extracted from coconuts.
Due to its absolute organic composition, Decyl D-glucoside has become one of the most used ingredients in personal care products such as cleansers, body washes, and shampoos.


Its 'non-ionic' property signifies that Decyl D-glucoside has a neutral charge and can lower water's surface and produce foam.
Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because Decyl D-glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable and gentle on all hair types.
Decyl D-glucoside is a material that is easy to thicken and has excellent lathering properties.


Free of ethoxylates, sulphates and preservatives.
Surfactants are chemical substances that aid in the reduction of surface tension between liquids and solids, liquids and gases, and between two liquids.
The name surfactant comes from the phrase “surface-active-agent.”


Decyl D-glucoside is an alkylglycoside non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier.
Decyl D-glucoside, also known as capryl/caprylyl glucoside, is derived from combination of coconut fatty alcohols and corn starch glucose.
Decyl D-glucoside is a nonionic surfactant, with excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility, that is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.


Decyl D-glucoside is an alkyl glucoside.
Decyl D-glucoside is a, natural, non-ionic surfactant, ideal for all foaming and cleansing products.
Like Coco Glucoside, Decyl D-glucoside is , obtained from renewable raw materials, through a combination of plant based fatty alcohols (coconut c8-16) and glucose (sugar / starch).


As a raw material, Decyl D-glucoside is described as a water-soluble, clear to slightly hazy yellow or amber viscous liquid.
In 2013, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel deemed Decyl D-glucoside “safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.”


Their report looked at rinse-off products containing up to 33% and only up to 2% for leave-on formulas.
Alkyl glucoside ingredients are formed by reacting an alcohol or mixtures of alcohols (that vary by carbon chain length) with a cyclic form of the sugar, glucose or glucose polymers.


For example Decyl D-glucoside is formed by reacting a 10 carbon chain alcohol, decyl alcohol, with a cyclic form of glucose.
Other alkyl glucoside ingredients that may be used in cosmetics include Arachidyl Glucoside, C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside, Cetearyl Glucoside, Coco-Glucoside, Ethyl Glucoside and Lauryl Glucoside.


Decyl D-glucoside improves the foam quality and adds softness and clarity to formulas.
Decyl D-glucoside is compatible with many other surfactants, thickeners and even cationic conditioning polymers.
Decyl D-glucoside is gentle on skin and hair.


Decyl D-glucoside is a mild, and gentle, surfactant and because it does not dry the skin it is ideal for the formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry products.
Decyl D-glucoside is comparable to the other Alky Polyglucoside Surfactants (Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside (c8-10), Coco Glucoside (c8-16), and Lauryl Glucoside (c12-16)) all being the combination of the glucoside and select fatty alcohols.


Decyl D-glucoside generates an exceptional foam for a nonionic surfactant, whatever the conditions.
Decyl D-glucoside produces a very satisfactory level of foam, comparable with that obtained using conventional anionic surfactants.
Moreover, the foam obtained is particularly stable, which is an advantage for the formulation of bubble baths and shower gels.


The foam generated is fine and stable.
In contrast, Decyl D-glucoside's touch is not comparable with that of a foam obtained using anionic surfactants.
Decyl D-glucoside is cold processable and suitable for transparent formulations.


Decyl D-glucoside also named decylbeta- d-glucopyranoside, belongs to the alkyl glucosides family and is obtained by condensation of the fatty alcohol decyl alcohol and a d-glucose polymer.
Furthermore, because of its wide range of compatibility, Decyl D-glucoside can be combined with all types of surfactants without reducing foam volume or stability.


Decyl D-glucoside does not contain any impurities.
Decyl D-glucoside's chemical nature and the production process results in a surfactant without ethylene oxide or 1,4-dioxane and is suitable for baby, and pet, products.


Decyl D-glucoside is a non-ionic liquid surfactant synthesised from fatty acids and glucose obtained from Sugars from Fruits and Vegetables.
Decyl D-glucoside is a material derived from nature that can be found in a variety of cosmetics.
Decyl D-glucoside’s made from coconuts and is considered safe to use on the skin with a low risk profile.


Decyl D-glucoside is easily biodegradable, environmentally friendly and compatible with all surfactants, whatever their nature or pH range, making it easy to use in all your cleansing formulations.
This nonionic surfactant and cleansing agent has been widely used for several years, due to Decyl D-glucoside's foaming power and good tolerance in rinse-off products such as shampoos, hair dyes and colors, and soaps.


Decyl D-glucoside is a nonionic surfactant with good foaming properties and mild to the eyes and skin.
Decyl D-glucoside is a gentle non-ionic surfactant made from coconut oil and sugar.
Decyl D-glucoside is amber viscous liquid.


Decyl D-glucoside is a nonionic surfactant, made from natural raw materials.
Decyl D-glucoside is very mild and readily biodegradable.
Decyl D-glucoside is a glucose alkyl ether that contains 60% active matter and is ECOCERT Certified, preservative free and free of impurities.


In addition to being an excellent, gentle cleansing surfactant in your skin care products, Decyl D-glucoside is also a highly effective solubilizing agent for essential oils and fragrances as well as cationic surfactants.
Due to this dual purpose, Decyl D-glucoside is an excellent choice for the formulation of foaming aromatherapy products.


Decyl D-glucoside has excellent dermal compatibility
Decyl D-glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl D-glucoside is vegetable Origin and Palm Free


Decyl D-glucoside is a surfactant used as an additive or a co-surfactant in skin and hair products, e.g. in soaps, body washes (for cleansing), wetting agents (in perms), foaming agents ( for shampoos), emulsifiers (in creams and lotions), conditioning agents (in skin and hair-care products).
Decyl D-glucoside is widely used in many “natural” products because it is of plant origin, biodegradable and considered gentle.


Decyl D-glucoside contains 1% sorbitan sesquioleate as emulsifier.
Decyl D-glucoside is primarily used for its surfactant (cleansing) properties.
While most common in facial and body cleansers, you can also find Decyl D-glucoside in products such as self-tanners, sunscreens, and liquid foundations where it may function as an emulsion stabiliser.


Decyl D-glucoside is obtained from the condensation of glucose + the fatty alcohol decanol, which comes from coconuts.
Its mildness makes Decyl D-glucoside popular for use in baby shampoos.
Decyl D-glucoside is known for producing desirable foaming properties.


Decyl D-glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable raw materials, through a combination of plant based fatty alcohol, decanol which is derived from coconut and glucose (corn starch).
Decyl D-glucoside is a mild, and gentle, surfactant because it does not dry the skin out.


Decyl D-glucoside combines well with other glucosides to make a complete foaming shower gel / shampoo.
Decyl D-glucoside gives a nice balance of flash foam and denser foam.
To increase foam density add coco and Decyl D-glucosides.


Decyl D-glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant belonging to the family of Alkyl Polyglucosides.
The natural raw materials, plant starch and fatty alcohols, ensure that Decyl D-glucoside is perfectly biodegradable.
Decyl D-glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.


Decyl D-glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Therefore Decyl D-glucoside is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.
Decyl D-glucoside is a colorless and transparent liquid.


Surfactants are ingredients that attract dirt and oil so that you can rinse them off of your skin or hair.
Soaps and shampoos are all surfactants.
Decyl D-glucoside is a natural, non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier, ideal for all foaming and cleansing products.


Decyl D-glucoside can be easily dissolved with water.
Decyl D-glucoside is a biodegradable nonionic surfactant derived from Cocos nucifera (coconut) and/or RSPO Palm and is an aqueous solution of a C8-C16 fatty alcohol polyglucoside.


Decyl D-glucoside is a nonionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Decyl D-glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies, including baby shampoo and in products for individuals with a sensitive skin.
Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because Decyl D-glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types.
Decyl D-glucoside was invented by Robert Prairie in 1934.


Decyl D-glucoside is a combination of plant based fatty alcohols (coconut c8-16) and glucose.
Decyl D-glucoside, with the chemical formula C16H32O6 and CAS registry number 68515-73-1, is a compound commonly used in the production of personal care and household cleaning products.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside was used in Cosmetic Raw Materials, Detergent Raw Materials, Hair Care Chemicals.
Cosmetic Uses of Decyl D-glucoside: cleansing agents, emulsion stabilisers, and surfactants.
Decyl D-glucoside is used in products for individuals with sensitive skin and in baby shampoos .


Decyl D-glucoside is widely used in the following areas, personal care products and household detergents: such as shampoo, body-cleanser, cream rinses, hand sanitizer and dishwashing, etc
Decyl D-glucoside can be widely used in personal care products, and formulations which require thickening effects, because its unique performance in cleaning, emulsifying and thickening.


Decyl D-glucoside is commonly used in foaming and cleansing products, often by natural personal care companies due to being plant derived and biodegradable.
Decyl D-glucoside is used as a co-surfactant, can reduce the total active requirements of other foaming ingredients, without altering their performance; cleansing effectiveness, foam volume, and ease of thickening, are all maintained while improving on the mild, and gentle, nature of the final formulation.


Decyl D-glucoside complies with ECOCERT and COSMOS standards.
A water-miscible non-ionic surfactant used in a wide range of applications including hard surface and high performance cleaners, cosmetics, Decyl D-glucoside has excellent wetting and excellent grease removal properties, dissolves quickly, has no gel range and rinses well.


Decyl D-glucoside’s known as a “surfactant” in cosmetics and is commonly used in soaps and cleansers due to its natural foaming reaction when it comes into contact with water.
Decyl D-glucoside’s a considerably safer alternative to sulphates, which are responsible for the foamy properties of shampoos, soaps, and other cleaning products.


Sulfates, on the other hand, can be harsh, removing essential oils from the skin and scalp far too effectively.
Decyl D-glucoside is a gentle cleanser that's found in many cosmetic formulas, notably those for sensitive skin.
Decyl D-glucoside's made from plants, biodegradable, and skin-friendly.


In Personal Care cleansing products it's used as secondary surfactant and known for Decyl D-glucoside's mildness, foaming performance and ability to reduce irritation.
For cleaning products, due to it's caustic stability and solubility in highly concentrated salt, Decyl D-glucoside can be used for caustic, neutral and acidic hard surface cleaners for Homecare and Institutional Cleaning.


Decyl D-glucoside is commonly used as a water-soluble emulsifier.
Decyl D-glucoside is used in various cosmetic formulations due to their gentleness and safety on sensitive skin.
Decyl D-glucoside produces an excellent and stable foam.


Applications of Decyl D-glucoside: Body Lotions, Body Washes, Cleaning sprays, Fabric conditioning, Fabric detergents, Facial Masks, Hair Conditioners, Institutional Surface Cleaners, Laundry detergent, Manual dish soap, Mascaras, Shampoos, Shaving Cream, Shower Gels, Skin/Sun Creams, Soaps, Surface cleaner, Vehicle & Boat Cleaning


Like many concentrated surfactants, Decyl D-glucoside will change from solid to liquid depending on the ambient temperature and conditions.
In winter and when Decyl D-glucoside is stored in cold environments this may become grainy or even set to a white solid.
During summer Decyl D-glucoside is a pourable liquid.


These changes don't damage Decyl D-glucoside but in order to get the most out of it we recommend heating and mixing to ensure what you decant is a true representation of the whole blend.
Failure to mix may result in the solids falling to the bottom meaning your top 1/3 bottle will be weaker than 50% active and the bottom stronger.


Decyl D-glucoside is useful in hair care products where it helps to cleanse the hair without drying it out.
Decyl D-glucoside can be used in combination with other glucosides to improve the foaming and conditioning properties of the skin.
Decyl D-glucoside is very effective when used in ionic formulations to increase foam depth and emulsifying properties.


Decyl D-glucoside is widely used in personal care products and formulations which require thickening effects, because of its unique performance in cleaning, emulsifying and thickening.


Decyl D-glucoside is generally used in shampoo, bubble bath, cleaning lotion, dished detergent, because of its excellent mildness, foaming performance and ability to reduce irritation.
Applications of Decyl D-glucoside: Body washes, shampoos, bubble baths, cleansing lotions, hand soaps, baby products, cream rinses.


Decyl D-glucoside is very useful in bath foams, shower gels and shampoos when you want to increase the foaminess of the product without compromising the natural formulation.
Concentrations ranging from 2% to 20% are used, depending on whether Decyl D-glucoside is used as a primary or secondary surfactant.


For example: 10% to 20% (in face wash), 15% to 30% (shower gel, bath foam, shampoo).
Maximum recommended concentration of Decyl D-glucoside is up to 40%.
In paints and coatings, Decyl D-glucoside is used to increase the wetting effect of the surface in order to achieve better adhesion to the surface, while at the same time facilitating the mixing of the fatty phase ingredients with the aqueous phase ingredients.


Decyl D-glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant that is used as a foaming, cleansing, conditioning, or emulsifying agent.
Decyl D-glucoside can be used as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cleansers.
Decyl D-glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.


Decyl D-glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl D-glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Decyl D-glucoside is a non-ionic plant derived , biodegradable surfactant that carries the goodness of coconuts and cornstarch from which it is extracted by esterification.


Decyl D-glucoside is used both as an emollient and as a surfactant by various industries.
Decyl D-glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and is light and gentle on the skin.
Decyl D-glucoside can be used as the sole surfactant or co-surfactant in cleaning formulas.


In agriculture, Decyl D-glucoside is used to spray fields and plants with a variety of products in order to increase the efficiency of uptake through the leaves.
Alkyl polyglucoside is analogous to polyglucosides in plant cell membranes and therefore wets the leaf surface, making Decyl D-glucoside easier for the spray to adhere and stay on the leaf, thus increasing contact time and uptake efficiency.


Decyl D-glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl D-glucoside is therefore suitable for use as a base surfactant or co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.
Decyl D-glucoside acts as a cleanser in cosmetic products.


Decyl D-glucoside helps remove dirt, oil and other pollutants from the skin surface.
Decyl D-glucoside gives the product foaming potential.
Decyl D-glucoside helps soften and moisturize the skin surface.


The usage rate of Decyl D-glucoside varies between 1% and 10% depending on the demonstrative effect of the product and its interaction with other substances.
The usage rate varies between 1% and 10% depending on the demonstrative effect of Decyl D-glucoside and its interaction with other substances.


At the same time, Decyl D-glucoside allows a more even distribution of the active substances, which are often hydrophobic and tend to persist in two different phases.
In the textile industry, Decyl D-glucoside is used to clean heavily contaminated fabrics from soiling of fatty or protein origin.


Decyl D-glucoside acts as a cleanser in cosmetic products.
Decyl D-glucoside helps remove dirt, oil and other pollutants from the skin surface.
Decyl D-glucoside gives the product foaming potential.


Decyl D-glucoside helps soften and moisturize the skin surface.
Insoluble in oil, Decyl D-glucoside should be added to the oily phase of your homemade shower gels or shampoos.
Decyl D-glucoside is a glucose-based surfactant commonly used in shampoos and body washes.


Decyl D-glucoside is a type of surfactant that works as a solubilizer, emulsifier, and a foaming detergent.
Decyl D-glucoside’s a popular form of alkyl polyglucoside, which is a relatively new type of surfactant made from reacting fatty alcohol with cornstarch.
This reaction creates a highly biodegradable solution that is tolerant to electrolytes.


Decyl D-glucoside comes from renewable, biodegradable, and plant-derived raw materials.
As such, Decyl D-glucoside’s ideal for cleansing products where mildness and environmental concerns are important.
In the paper industry, Decyl D-glucoside is used in the formulation of paper to obtain better adhesion, denser structure.


In school experiments, Decyl D-glucoside is used in surface wetting experiments, 'magic milk' art experiments.
In scientific research, Decyl D-glucoside is used to study the permeability of cell membranes, since APG is naturally found in cells of plant origin.
Decyl D-glucoside’s often found in baby shampoo, sensitive skin formulations, and green or natural health products.


Decyl D-glucoside is a colorless and transparent liquid.
Decyl D-glucoside can be easily dissolved with water.
Decyl D-glucoside is split and the resultant fatty acids separated and reacted through a process known as hydrogenolysis to form the fatty alcohol.


Decyl D-glucoside has great foaming properties and is considered Mild.
Decyl D-glucoside can be used as the primary surfactant or can be a co-surfactant in cleansing formulas.
Decyl D-glucoside is not is comparable with that of a foam obtained using anionic surfactants.


Decyl D-glucoside is often an attractive choice for shampoos and other personal care cleaning applications because it has desirable foaming properties.
This nonionic surfactant and cleansing agent has been widely used for several years, due to Decyl D-glucoside's foaming power and good tolerance in rinse-off products such as shampoos, hair dyes and colors, and soaps.


Decyl D-glucoside is also employed in leave-on products such as no-rinsing cleansing milks, lotions, and several sunscreen agents and is contained as a stabilizing surfactant of organic microparticles in sunscreen agent Tinosorb.
Consumers often see foam as an essential part of the cleaning process, and Decyl D-glucoside produces voluminous foam that has an excellent stability in personal care applications.


Decyl D-glucoside and the other alkyl glucoside ingredients may be used in baby products, bath products, cleansing products, skin care products, eye makeup and hair care products including hair dyes and colors.


Applications of Decyl D-glucoside: body washes, shampoos, bubble baths, cleansing lotions, cleansing creams, hand soaps, baby products, hair conditioners, cream rinses.
This non-ionic surfactant, Decyl D-glucoside, is derived from natural sources, specifically glucose and fatty alcohols.


Decyl D-glucoside is known for its excellent foaming and cleansing properties, making it a popular ingredient in shampoos, body washes, and dishwashing detergents.
Decyl D-glucoside is considered to be a mild and gentle surfactant, suitable for sensitive skin.


Decyl D-glucoside is biodegradable and environmentally friendly, making it a preferred choice in the formulation of eco-friendly products.
Overall, Decyl D-glucoside is a versatile compound that plays a crucial role in the development of effective and sustainable cleaning and personal care solutions.


-Cosmetic Applications of Decyl D-glucoside:
Decyl D-glucoside is primarily recognized in the cosmetic industry.
Decyl D-glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant, frequently used in rinse-off and leave-on cosmetics, especially for individuals with sensitive skin due to its good tolerance.

Originating from plant sources and being biodegradable, Decyl D-glucoside is derived from the reaction of glucose from corn starch with fatty alcohol from coconut oil.
Decyl D-glucoside's resurgence in recent years is attributed to its eco-friendly character and low irritancy and allergenicity, making it a component in various cosmetic products.


-Industrial and Chemical Applications of Decyl D-glucoside:
In the industrial sector, Decyl D-glucoside shows promising results as a corrosion inhibitor for magnesium–air batteries.
Studies demonstrate Decyl D-glucoside's effectiveness in reducing the corrosion rate of Mg in battery electrolyte, significantly improving battery performance.
Moreover, the synthesis of Decyl D-glucoside using zeolite catalysts has been explored, indicating its potential in various industrial applications.


-Biochemical Research of Decyl D-glucoside:
In biochemical research, alkyl glucosides like Decyl D-glucoside are used as solubilizing agents for membrane proteins.
Their non-denaturing properties and ease of removal by dialysis make them ideal for research in membrane biology.
They have also been studied for their binding interactions with proteins like bovine serum albumin, providing insights into detergent-protein interactions.


-Biotechnological Applications of Decyl D-glucoside:
In biotechnology, the transformation of methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside to higher chain alkyl glucosides using Pichia etchellsii cells has been investigated.
This research highlights the potential of using microbial cells for the synthesis of long-chain alkyl glucosides, offering a biotechnological approach for producing these compounds.


-Decyl D-glucoside is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic cleansing preparations.
- Shampoo
- Bubble bath
- Cleaning lotion
- Shower gel
- Hand and face cleansers


-Decyl D-glucoside is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic cleansing preparations.
◇ Shampoo
◇ Bubble bath
◇ Cleaning lotion
◇ shower gel
◇ Hand and face cleansers


-Surface and Colloid Chemistry uses of Decyl D-glucoside:
Decyl D-glucoside is also significant in surface and colloid chemistry. Studies on the distribution and aggregation of decyl β-D-glucoside in hydrocarbon and water systems reveal its properties as a surfactant.
Understanding the interactions of Decyl D-glucoside in such systems is crucial for its applications in diverse fields, including pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.


-Electrochemistry uses of Decyl D-glucoside:
In electrochemistry, the influence of Decyl D-glucoside on the electrodeposition of tin has been explored.
This study provides insights into how Decyl D-glucoside, as a surface active agent, can modify the kinetics and morphology of tin deposits, indicating its potential in electroplating and surface coating technologies



PROPERTIES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is a very mild co-surfactant compatible with anionic, nonionic & cationic surfactants (also useful as primary surfactant)



CHARACTERISTICS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is derived from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl D-glucoside allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl D-glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl D-glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.



HOW TO USE DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Blend Decyl D-glucoside with other surfactants to produce a foaming product with skin cleansing abilities.
Decyl D-glucoside works excellently blended with Cocamidipropyl betaine.



DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE TO USE IN:
*Shower Gel
*Shampoo
*Face Wash
*Bath Foam



WHERE IS DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE FOUND?
Decyl D-glucoside is found throughout the cosmetic industry in products such as baby shampoo and specialty items labeled for sensitive skin.
Various creams, body washes, and baby skin care items contain Decyl D-glucoside.



WHAT ARE SOME PRODUCTS THAT MAY CONTAIN DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE?
*Body Washes
*Cleansers and Cleaning Cloths
*Hair Color Products



PROPERTIES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a very mild co-surfactant compatible with anionic, nonionic & cationic surfactants (also useful as primary surfactant)



WHERE IS DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE FOUND?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is found throughout the cosmetic industry in products such as baby shampoo and specialty items labeled for sensitive skin.
Various creams, body washes, and baby skin care items contain Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside).



WHAT ARE SOME PRODUCTS THAT MAY CONTAIN DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE?
*Body Washes
*Cleansers and Cleaning Cloths
*Hair Color Products



THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps to keep a clean surface

*Emulsion stabilizing :
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) promotes the emulsification process and improves the stability and shelf life of the emulsion

*Surfactant :
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product when it is used
In the cleaning industry, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used in the production of hard surface cleaners, strong-acting cleaners and concentrates.

Due to its strong wetting properties and good emulsifying properties, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is excellent at allowing the water and the grease phase to mix, thus facilitating cleaning processes.
Its high foaming properties make Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) ideal for use in the production of active foams.
Due to its natural nature, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is ideal for use in cleaning products that are used outdoors and may come into contact with nature.



BENEFITS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
1.Decyl D-glucoside assists in the manufacturing of foaming products:
Decyl D-glucoside is a moderate surfactant with qualities that make it ideal for creating frothy effects in cosmetics. Shampoos, soaps, body washes, and facial cleansers are just a few of the products available.
Decyl D-glucoside’s a natural product that’s both safe and good for your skin. It is non-irritating to the skin and has no negative effects.


2.Decyl D-glucoside aids the mixing of oil with water:
Surfactant is one of the few substances on the market that are used by manufacturers all over the world to combine water and oil.
Decyl D-glucoside also aids in the removal of debris and the clarification of a solution.
Decyl D-glucoside aids in the removal of debris from the face when used in facial cleansers.


3.Decyl D-glucoside's solubilizing properties are exceptional:
Caprylyl Capryl Glucoside is well-known for its high solubility.
Decyl D-glucoside works wonders with surfactant solutions that are very concentrated, especially when salt and alkalies are present.
Decyl D-glucoside’s a naturally generated substance that can be blended with other solutions to maintain them as natural as possible.


4.Decyl D-glucoside is a Safe Polysorbate Substitute:
Decyl D-glucoside is a safe substitute for polysorbates when it comes to solubilizing essential and aroma oils in other liquid compositions.
Decyl D-glucoside is a biodegradable component that belongs to the Alkyl polyglucosides surfactant class.


5.Decyl D-glucoside aids in the creation of Flash Foam and Denser Foam:
Caprylyl Capryl Glucoside is a mild foaming agent that can be used to create both dense and flash foam.
The efficiency of foam can be determined by determining the amount of surfactant to be added to the solution.
Coco and Decyl D-glucosides can be combined to form a thick solution.



FEATURES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is obtained from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl D-glucoside allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl D-glucoside can be used with other glucosides to improve foaming and skin care properties.
Decyl D-glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.



ALTERNATIVES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
*COCOGLUCOSIDE,
*LAURYL GLUCOSIDE,
*SUCROSE COCOATE
*CAPRYLYL CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE



SYNTHESIS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is produced by the reaction of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol decanol, which is derived from coconut.



ORIGIN OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is an ingredient derived from plant-derived substances made from fats, sugars, and alcohols commonly found in corn sugars, coconuts, and palm oils.
Chemically, Decyl D-glucoside is an alkyl glucoside made from a glucose reaction from the corn starch with fatty alcohol.
Decyl D-glucoside is also known as decyl alcohol as it is found in palm oils and coconuts.



HOW CAN DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE BE BENEFICIAL?
Decyl D-glucoside has been found to have numerous beneficial qualities and is used for various purposes.
Its neutral property makes Decyl D-glucoside compatible with other cleaning chemical agents.
Let's find out what are the benefits of Decyl D-glucoside:


1. Decyl D-glucoside is used in toiletries and personal hygiene.
Decyl D-glucoside is a natural surfactant that lathers quite easily.
This makes Decyl D-glucoside one of the primary ingredients used as base-surfactant and co-surfactant in soaps, body and face washes, and cleansers.
The non-toxic, 100% biodegradable, and mild surfactant activity of Decyl D-glucoside makes it an ideal washing solution for fruits and vegetables.


2. Decyl D-glucoside helps in removing oil and dirt
Being a surfactant, Decyl D-glucoside effectively removes grease and impurities from a surface when used along with water.
This mechanism occurs as Decyl D-glucoside can lower the surface tension between the two liquids.


3. Decyl D-glucoside is used as an Element/Ingredient in Personal Care Products :
Decyl D-glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant, i.e., categorized in the family of Alkyl Polyglucosides.
Decyl D-glucoside helps in hydrating the skin and helps in preventing the drying of the skin.
Incorporating Decyl D-glucoside in skincare products increases the skin's ability to tolerate the cosmetic formulations.


4. Safe to be used on sensitive skin
As derived from all-natural sources, Decyl D-glucoside is non-toxic and very skin-friendly.
Its gentle action on the skin makes Decyl D-glucoside an ideal ingredient to be used on sensitive skin.

Decyl D-glucoside does not result in any rashes or irritation on the skin.
Decyl D-glucoside is also safe to be used on baby skin for its mild properties and the absence of harmful ethylene oxide.
Decyl D-glucoside is used in pet products too.


5. Decyl D-glucoside is used as an element/ingredient for hair care products
Its bubbling and foaming property also makes Decyl D-glucoside a primary component in shampoos.
Decyl D-glucoside is non-drying and is gentle on any texture of hair.

Decyl D-glucoside's non-ionic quality helps in maintaining the natural pH of the hair.
Decyl D-glucoside is also used in hair mousse to retain moisture in the hair and keeps them frizz-free.



IS DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE GOOD FOR YOUR SKIN?
Decyl D-glucoside is obtained from 100% natural sources and is safe for all skin types.
Whether you have dry skin, normal or sensitive skin, you can enjoy the benefits of Decyl D-glucoside.
Being non-toxic and biodegradable, Decyl D-glucoside does not cause any severe harm to the skin.

Decyl D-glucoside's mild soapy activity gently cleans all the dirt and impurities from the skin layer.
If you have oily skin and despise the unwanted shine on your face, Decyl D-glucoside can help you in effectively washing the grease off your face.

Surfactants are known for their ability to wet a surface.
Decyl D-glucoside, being a mild surfactant, can help in hydration of the skin.
Decyl D-glucoside is also incorporated in certain anti-aging products because of its ability to wet the dermal layers and reduce wrinkles and fine lines.



CHARACTERISTICS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is a clear to light yellow viscous liquid (clearer than most other glucosides), which increases the foaming capacity in skincare and haircare products.
Decyl D-glucoside also has the excellent benefit of acting as an emulsifier to allow essential oils and water to mix.
Using Decyl D-glucoside you can also blend some denser oils, such as carrier oils into your products.



MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Surfactant, often known as a surface-active agent, is a detergent-like chemical.
When added to a liquid, it lowers the surface tension, making it easier to spread and moisten.

Surfactants break down these interactions as they absorb.
Because the intermolecular interactions between the surfactant and the water molecule are substantially lower than those between two water molecules, surface tension is reduced.

Micelles occur when the concentration of surfactant is high.
The critical micelle concentration is the point at which micelles begin to form.
The primary function of surfactants is to reduce surface and interfacial tension while also stabilising the interface.



WHAT DOES DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsion stabilising
*Foaming
*Surfactant


EXCELLENT FOAMING OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
More Bubbles - More Happiness!
Just a small Decyl D-glucoside natural surfactant amount will wake you up and energize your body in a refreshingly fragrant bath.



MULTIPLE USES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
The Decyl D-glucoside natural surfactant for making bath bombs are great for making all kinds of homemade bath products.
Some of Decyl D-glucoside ones include bath truffles, bubble scoops, cream shampoos and face cleansers.



WHY DO WE USE DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE IN FORMULATIONS?
Why do we use it in formulations?
Decyl D-glucoside can be a good primary or secondary surfactant, contributing foaming/cleansing to an end product.
Decyl D-glucoside has a really rich, dense lather that is lovely in formulations.



REFINED OR UNREFINED?
Decyl D-glucoside only exists as a refined product.


STRENGHTS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is a relatively easy to source “natural” surfactant with lovely lather.


WEAKNESSES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside has a fairly high pH and isn’t a great solubilizer; I tend to choose Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside over the other glucosides.


HOW TO WORK WITH DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE
Include Decyl D-glucoside in the water phase of your formulations; it can be hot or cold processed.


STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Stored somewhere cool, dark, and dry, Decyl D-glucoside should last at least two years.



WHY DO WE INCLUDE DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE IN FORMULATIONS?
Excellent solubilizer, far superior to many other surfactants.
This means that essential and fragrance oils can be used in products such as hand washes without the use of a solubilizer like Polysorbate 20.



HOW TO WORK WITH DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE
Decyl D-glucoside can be utilised in cold-processed formulations because it is liquid, but it can also be heated in the hot water phase.
So that you don't make too much lather, avoid aggressive stirring/agitation.



BENEFITS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
*Natural raw materials, biodegradable
*Numerous certifications COSMOS, RSPO MB, REACH, etc.
*Great foaming performance and very mild
*Good solubility in concentrated alkali solutions
*Green ingredient for personal care cleansers and hard surface cleaning.



HOW TO USE DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Blend Decyl D-glucoside with other surfactants to produce a foaming product with skin cleansing abilities.
Decyl D-glucoside works excellently blended with Cocamidipropyl betaine.
Decyl D-glucoside is ones of the easiest surfactants to work with and mixes simply with water and other surfactants to create lovely Shower

Gel, Shampoos and Face Washes with just simple agitation.
Decyl D-glucoside can also be added to cream and cleanser bases to add foaming ability.
Simply add Decyl D-glucoside to the cold process ingredients.



SAFETY PROFILE OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Comparable to the other alkyl polyglucoside surfactants, Decyl D-glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable vegetable origin.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of 19 alkyl glucosides including Decyl D-glucoside as used in cosmetics and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated, and are non-irritating.

Since glucoside hydrolases in human skin are likely to break down these ingredients to release their respective fatty acids and glucose, the Panel also reviewed CIR reports on the safety of fatty alcohols and were able to extrapolate data from those previous reports to support safety.
Decyl D-glucoside is a gentle cleanser delicate enough even for the delicate, sensitive skin.
It’s considered mild, low toxicity, and eco-friendly, making Decyl D-glucoside a great option to minimize the environmental footprint.



THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside helps to keep a clean surface

*Emulsion stabilizing :
Decyl D-glucoside promotes the emulsification process and improves the stability and shelf life of the emulsion

*Surfactant :
Decyl D-glucoside reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product when it is used
In the cleaning industry, Decyl D-glucoside is used in the production of hard surface cleaners, strong-acting cleaners and concentrates.

Due to its strong wetting properties and good emulsifying properties, Decyl D-glucoside is excellent at allowing the water and the grease phase to mix, thus facilitating cleaning processes.
Its high foaming properties make Decyl D-glucoside ideal for use in the production of active foams.
Due to its natural nature, Decyl D-glucoside is ideal for use in cleaning products that are used outdoors and may come into contact with nature.



ADVANTAGES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
- Easily biodegradable
- Provides performance analogous to that of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) surfactants and in most cases performs better than primary alcohol ethoxylate (PAE) surfactants.
- Excellent wetting performance
- Water soluble
- Soluble in most polar organic solvents
- Cold production
- Chemically stable in dilute acids, bases and salts
- Compatible with anionic, cationic and other non-ionic surfactants
In cosmetics, Decyl D-glucoside or DAPG (DG) are used as surfactants of non-ionic nature.
They are considered as a new generation of green surfactants that are considered non-allergenic, moisturizing and produced from renewable sources.



STORAGE AND STANBILITY OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside may be stored for 24 months from the date of manufacture in the unopened original container and at room temperature.
Decyl D-glucoside should be protected from light, heat, oxygen and moisture.
Keep container tightly closed. Once opened, use contents quickly.



WHY IS DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE USED?
In cosmetics and personal care products, Decyl D-glucoside, Lauryl Glucoside, Arachidyl Glucoside, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside and Coco-Glucoside are reported to function as surfactants – cleansing agents.
C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside and Cetearyl Glucoside are reported to function as surfactants – emulsifying agents, while Ethyl Glucoside is reported to function as a skin-conditioning agent – humectant.



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Arachidyl proprionate (or glucoside) is NOT derived from peanuts (Arachis hypogaea).
Therefore, use of Decyl D-glucoside in cosmetic products does not represent an allergy concern for children (or adults) with peanut allergies.

Alkyl glucosides consist of alkyl groups bound to glucose in the D-glycopyranoside form.
The glucose portion of the compound may consist of mono-, di-, tri-, oligo- or polysaccharides.

For example, Decyl D-glucoside with a degree of polymerization of 1.6 is a mixture of decyl monosaccharide (glucopyranoside) and decyl disaccharide (also called maltopyranoside).
These ingredients are generally sold as aqueous solutions containing 50-65% of the ingredient.



FEATURES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
*50% Active
*Non-Ionic
*Essential Oil-in-water solubiliser
*Foam agent
*Surfactant for skin and hair cleansing
*PEG free



FUNCTION OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is a, natural, non-ionic surfactant, ideal for all foaming and cleansing products.



HOW IS DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE OBTAINED?
Decyl D-glucoside boasts a 100% natural, plant-derived composition that is made of fatty alcohol and glucose.
The fatty alcohol, also known as decyl alcohol or decanol, is generated by hydrogenolysis of the fatty acid extracted from coconuts or palm kernel oils.
Decyl Glycoside surfactant is 100% pure organic, biodegradable, extracted from coconut oil and corns, a non-ionic surfactant that is very gentle on skin and hair.



DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE, SKIN FRIENDLY:
Products made with Decyl D-glucoside surfactant are much milder than products made with other surfactant type.
Truly an excellent choice for gentle facial and body cleansers for sensitive skin, and a great alternative for soap.



WHAT IS DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE USED FOR?
Decyl D-glucoside is a mild cleanser used in cosmetic formulations and can be applied to sensitive skin.
Decyl D-glucoside can increase the foaming capacities of skin care and hair care products.

Decyl D-glucoside acts as an emulsifier that allows mixing of water and essential oils.
Decyl D-glucoside can blend dense oils like carrier oils in your product.
Decyl D-glucoside is used at a maximum concentration of 40% and is found at 10-20% in face washes and 15-30% in shower gels and shampoos.

In addition to being an excellent, gentle cleansing surfactant in skin care products, Decyl D-glucoside is also a highly effective solubilizing agent for essential oils and fragrances as well as cationic surfactants.
Due to this dual purpose, Decyl D-glucoside is an excellent choice for the formulation of foaming aromatherapy products.



ADVANTAGES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
- Easily biodegradable
- Provides performance analogous to that of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) surfactants and in most cases performs better than primary alcohol ethoxylate (PAE) surfactants.
- Excellent wetting performance
- Water soluble
- Soluble in most polar organic solvents
- Cold production
- Chemically stable in dilute acids, bases and salts
- Compatible with anionic, cationic and other non-ionic surfactants
In cosmetics, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) or DAPG (DG) are used as surfactants of non-ionic nature.
They are considered as a new generation of green surfactants that are considered non-allergenic, moisturizing and produced from renewable sources.



BENEFITS AND USES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is one of the most sought-after ingredients to be put to use in formulating anti-dandruff shampoos, eczema creams, moisturizers, mild shampoos, etc.
Its influence is ubiquitous primarily because Decyl D-glucoside forms a stable foam, is a humectant, and is particularly gentle to be used in any personal care products.
Decyl D-glucoside has garnered attention in recent times for its use in fruit and vegetable washes due to its mild cleansing action.
Decyl D-glucoside also forms the base of most of the makeup removers or micellar waters.



HOW DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE WORKS:
Decyl D-glucoside lowers the surface tension of products it is added to.
This helps them remove dirt and oils more effectively while stabilizing oil and water mixtures.



CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is soluble in water and insoluble in oils.
For no-rinse products, the recommended concentration of Decyl D-glucoside is 3%-5%
In rinse-off products, the highest concentration suggested for use is 33%.



HOW TO USE DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Add Decyl D-glucoside to the surfactant phase.
Keep stirring Decyl D-glucoside continuously until it completely dissolves.
Add Decyl D-glucoside acids of choice to neutralize pH.



DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE AT A GLANCE:
*Primarily used as a surfactant (cleansing agent)
*Known for producing desirable foaming properties in shampoos and cleansers
*Can also function as an emulsion stabiliser
*Deemed safe by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel



PROPERTIES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
*Exceptional foaming properties for a non-ionic surfactant
*Reduces the total active material of the formulas
*Easy to thicken
*Nonirritant (respects the skin's biological balance)
*Eco-friendly



FUNCTIONS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
*Surfactant
*Cleansing agent
*Sensory Modifier
*Emulsion stabilizer
*Detergent



PROPERTIES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is a great addition to products that require rich and dense foams, such as:
●Shampoos
●Conditioners
●Shower gels
●Bath oils
●Dermatological liquid soaps
●Hair colors
●Hair straightening products

Apart from its excellent foaming abilities, Decyl D-glucoside helps skin and hair retain moisture and keeps them healthy.
Decyl D-glucoside also works very well with Cocamidopropyl betaine, which is an amphoteric surfactant with antistatic properties for hair care formulations.

According to the Cosmetics Ingredient Review, Decyl D-glucoside is safe for use in almost all topical applications or products, specifically in soaps, bubble baths, body washes, and detergents.
Regardless of what kind of product you want to try, Decyl D-glucoside has a good safety profile for all skin types and is 100% biodegradable - the perfect congenial ingredient to add to your creations if you are concerned about health, wellness, and the environment.



ALTERNATIVES AND SUBSTITUTIONS OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
We tend to prefer Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside in any recipe that calls for Decyl D-glucoside, though the lather of Decyl D-glucoside is richer + thicker, so it might blend Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside and Decyl D-glucoside to get some of the solubilizing powers of Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside and the lather of Decyl D-glucoside.



PROPERTIES OF DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl D-glucoside is a nonionic surfactant that provides superior detergency, emulsifying, penetrating and surface tension reduction properties.
Decyl D-glucoside shows good compatibility with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.



WHAT IS DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE USED FOR?
Decyl D-glucoside has an excellent foaming capacity and is very skin-friendly.
Decyl D-glucoside is often used on just any skin type and is a suitable co-surfactant in many cleansing products.

Decyl D-glucoside is considered ideal for sensitive skin types.
Decyl D-glucoside is used alongside glucosides to enhance foaming and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl D-glucoside helps in removing dirt, oil and hydrates the skin/scalp well.

Decyl D-glucoside has emulsifying properties and nourishes the body well.
In hair care preparations, Decyl D-glucoside helps removing buildup without stripping hair of color or natural oils.


*Skin care:
Decyl D-glucoside acts as an emulsifier, creates mild foam, makes the skin smooth and provides hydrating feel.
Decyl D-glucoside is used in facial cleansers, liquid body washes, moisturizers, liquid hand soaps, baby soap, baby shampoo, makeup remover, bubble bath, baby bubble bath, exfoliant/scrub, baby wipes, facial moisturizer, serums, bar soap, bath oil/salts/soak, sunscreens, shaving creams


*Hair care:
Decyl D-glucoside is a gentle surfactant that cleanses the scalp and hair of dirt and excess oil without the risk of irritation.
Decyl D-glucoside is widely used in baby shampoos, shampoos, conditioner, beard cleansers.
Decyl D-glucoside is able to provide a luxurious lather that does not irritate the scalp and used in hair masks as well.

Decyl D-glucoside does not strip off the natural oils which makes it a great option for those with dry or curly hair who want to remove buildup and avoid harshly disrupting the scalp's natural oil production.
Decyl D-glucoside has superior foaming properties compared with other cleansers and thus helps to add texture or volume to the hair shaft



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
Molecular Weight: 320.42 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.4 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 275
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 5
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Name: Decyl D-glucoside
CAS#: 54549-25-6
Chemical Formula: C16H32O6
Exact Mass: 320.22
Molecular Weight: 320.430
Elemental Analysis: C, 59.98; H, 10.07; O, 29.96
IUPAC/Chemical Name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol
InChi Key: JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N
InChi Code: InChI=1S/C16H32O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-21-16-15(20)14(19)13(18)12(11-17)22-16/h12-20H,2-11H2,1H3/t12-,13-,14+,15-,16?/m1/s1
SMILES Code: CCCCCCCCCCOC1C@@HO
Appearance: Solid powder
Formula: C16H32O6
InChI: InChI=1S/C16H32O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-21-16-15(20)14(19)13(18)12(11-17)22-16/h12-20H,2-11H2,1H3/t12-,13-,14+,15-,16?/m1/s1
InChI key: InChIKey=JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N
SMILES: OCC1OC(OCCCCCCCCCC)C(O)C(O)C1O

CAS: 54549-25-6 MF: C16H32O6 MW: 320.42 EINECS: 259-218-1
CBNumber: CB8885133
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Molecular Weight: 320.42
MDL Number: MFCD23103077
MOL File: 54549-25-6.mol
Boiling point: 476.5±45.0 °C (Predicted)
Density: 1.14±0.1 g/cm3 (Predicted)
pKa: 12.95±0.70 (Predicted)
EPA Substance Registry System: Decyl D-glucopyranoside (54549-25-6)
CAS Number: 54549-25-6
Molecular Weight: 320.42200
Density: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Melting Point: N/A
MSDS: N/A
Flash Point: N/A

Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Molecular Weight: 320.42200
Exact Mass: 320.22000
PSA: 99.38000
LogP: 0.94360
CAT Number: I025829
CAS Number: 54549-25-6
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Molecular Weight: 320.43
CAS Number: 54549-25-6
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Purity: 98
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO
Storage: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4°C for short term (days to weeks) or -20°C for long term (months to years).
IUPAC Name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
InChI: InChI=1S/C16H32O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-21-16-15(20)14(19)13(18)12(11-17)22-16/h12-20H,2-11H2,1H3/t12-,13-,14+,15-,16?/m1/s1
InChIKey: JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O

Chemical formula: C16H32O6
Molar mass: 320.426 g•mol−1
Boiling Point: 476.5±45.0°C at 760 mmHg
HLB Value: 13-15
pH: 11.5-12.5
Solubility: Soluble in water and oil
Viscosity: 1000-2500 mPa.s at 20°C
Molecular Weight: 320.42 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.4Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 275
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Texture: Slippery, detergenty
Scent: Characteristically detergent-y
Active Surfactant Matter: 51%
pH: 11–12
Charge: Non-ionic
Solubility: Water
Boiling Point: >100°C
Melting Point: <0°C
pH: 11.0-12.5
Solubility: Soluble in water
Viscosity: 1000-3000 mPa.s

INCI: Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside
Appearance: A viscous, pale yellow liquid.
Texture: Slippery, detergent
Recommended Usage: Up to 40%
Solubility: Water soluble
Melting point: NA
Boiling point: NA
pH: 5.5–6
Aroma: Soapy/detergent-like in aroma.
INCI: Decyl Glucoside
Appearance: Semi-viscous yellowish liquid
Texture: Slippery, detergent
Recommended Usage: Up to 40%
Solubility: Water soluble
Melting point: NA
Boiling point: NA
pH: 11–12
Aroma: Characteristically detergent



FIRST AID MEASURES of DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

DECYL GLUCOSIDE
Decyl Glucoside is an organic compound (C16H32O6) that is obtained from nature.
Decyl Glucoside is a 100% biodegradable ingredient that is derived from plants.


CAS Number: 54549-25-6
EC Number: 259-218-1
Chem/IUPAC Name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6



Decyl glucoside, 68515-73-1, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol, Decyl D-glucopyranoside, Decyl D-glucoside, 54549-25-6, 141464-42-8, D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol, 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside, Capryl glycoside, MFCD23103077, Caprylyl glycoside, decyl glucopyranoside, EINECS 259-218-1, C16H32O6, n-decyl-d-glucopyranoside, D-Glucose decyl octyl ether, SCHEMBL43196, APG0814, DTXSID30893008, JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N, AKOS016004985, DS-3841, A867031, W-111093, W-203522, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL, Alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside, APG0810, (C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides, D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric, Decyl D-glucopyranoside, Decyl D-glucoside, Decyl octyl d-glucose, Decyl glucoside extract, Vegetable decyl glucoside, B-D-Glucopyranoside, DECYL-D-glucoside,
DECYL, DECYL D-glucoside, DECYL Polyglucoside, DECYL- B-D-Glucopyranoside, DECYL-B -D-Glucopyranoside, GLUCOSIDE, Decyl, Non-ionic surfactant,



Decyl Glucoside is wise to do a little research on the ingredients of the skincare or other personal care products that you use regularly or are thinking of, including your daily regime.
Decyl Glucoside gives you a fair idea of what beneficial effects you should expect and warn you about any anticipated risks.


Before we proceed any further, let us see what Decyl Glucoside is and how it is sourced.
Decyl Glucoside is an organic compound (C16H32O6) that is obtained from nature.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant that has gained popularity in the cosmetic and hair care industry.


Decyl Glucoside is a 100% biodegradable ingredient that is derived from plants.
Decyl Glucoside is synthesized following a reaction between glucose obtained from corn starch and the fatty alcohol decanol extracted from coconuts.
Due to its absolute organic composition, decyl glucoside has become one of the most used ingredients in personal care products such as cleansers, body washes, and shampoos.


Its 'non-ionic' property signifies that Decyl Glucoside has a neutral charge and can lower water's surface and produce foam.
Decyl Glucoside has been seen to be skin-friendly.
Its mildness makes Decyl Glucoside suitable to be used even on sensitive skin.


Decyl glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Decyl glucoside has excellent foaming properties, making it an ideal aid in the manufacture of shower gels, shampoos and shaving products.
Decyl Glucoside is particularly suitable for delicate and sensitive skin.


Decyl Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant (surface-active agent) that is derived from glucose, a natural sugar found in plants, and decanol, a fatty alcohol.
The foam generated is fine and stable.


Decyl Glucoside is an excellent choice for those who want to achieve foaming properties in their products without the use of surfactants.
Decyl Glucoside is water soluble.
As a type of alkyl polyglucoside, decyl glucoside is a cloudy liquid derived from palm kernel oils, corn sugars, and/or coconut oil.


Decyl glucoside is a naturally-dirived, non-ionic surfactant that offers super foaming and cleansing qualities.
Decyl Glucoside is produced from coconut and corn-starch.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant (surface-active agent) that is derived from glucose, a natural sugar found in plants, and decanol, a fatty alcohol.


Decyl Glucoside is a mild, natural, vegan, plant-derived, biodegradable, non-toxic, and sustainable surfactant suitable for the most delicate skin.
Decyl Glucoside is 100% natural and Non GMO
Decyl Glucoside comes from 100% renewable, biodegradable, vegan resources.


Decyl Glucoside is Ecocert and COSMOS approved for certified organic formulations.
Decyl Glucoside does not bioaccumulate.
Decyl Glucoside leaves no residue as do saponified natural soaps


Decyl Glucoside is mild, gentle, and non-drying, making it ideal for even the most delicate skin.
Decyl Glucoside’s non-irritating, non-allergenic, non-carcinogenic, and non-toxic.
EWG (the Environmental Working Group) rates it a “2”, meaning it is of “low concern” in terms of any safety issues.


Decyl Glucoside works great as a fruit and veggie wash (one of the many uses for our All Purpose).
Decyl Glucoside’s safe enough for babies and pets! (verified to not be a skin or eye irritant by independent third party testing.
Decyl Glucoside can be combined with other non-toxic surfactants to enhance cleaning power.


Decyl Glucoside does not harm the environment or waterways - produces NO surfactant by-products such as ethylene oxide or 1,4 dioxane (we’ll cover this more coming up).
Decyl Glucoside helps create a non-toxic and highly effective end product with serious cleaning and foaming power.


Decyl glucoside, for example, is an excellent foaming agent, but it's foam doesn’t last very long.
That’s why we combine Decyl Glucoside with a comparable non-toxic, natural, non-irritating, non-dioxin-producing, etc., co-surfactant, coco glycoside (from coconuts) in Concentrate, which has better long-lasting foaming


Decyl glucoside is a sugar surfactant on the basis of coconut oil and glucose.
This pure, plant surfactant, Decyl Glucoside, is well tolerated and due to its biodegradability, Decyl Glucoside is harmless to the environment.
Decyl Glucoside can be used in shampoos and body washes and has thickening and foaming properties in cosmetic products.


Decyl Glucoside leaves the skin feeling supple.
Additionally, Decyl Glucoside lowers the potential of irritations of other surfactants, which in turn, increases the tolerance of the cosmetic product.
Decyl glucoside is a mild cleanser used in cosmetic formularies including in products for individuals with a sensitive skin.


Decyl Glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for most hair types.
Decyl Glucoside is a biodegradable plant derivative that is completely natural.
Decyl Glucoside is made from natural resources by blending the fatty alcohol found in coconut with the glucose found in starch and sugar.


Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant that is found in most skincare and hair care products.
Decyl Glucoside is a thick, slightly yellowish, turbid liquid.
Decyl Glucoside is moderate and delicate, making it suitable for persons with sensitive skin.


Decyl Glucoside is a mild, and gentle, surfactant and because it does not dry the skin it is ideal for the formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry products.
Decyl Glucoside works excellently blended with Cocamidipropyl Betaine.


Recommend usage levels of Decyl Glucoside is 10% - 20% (Face Products) and 15% - 30% (Body & Hair Products).
Decyl Glucoside is a vegetable origin (coconut or palm kernel oil and glucose) cleansing agent with great foaming abilities.
Decyl Glucoside's also mild to the skin and readily biodegradable.


Decyl Glucoside is a type of surfactant that works as a solubilizer, emulsifier, and a foaming detergent.
Decyl Glucoside’s a popular form of alkyl polyglucoside, which is a relatively new type of surfactant made from reacting fatty alcohol with cornstarch.
This reaction creates a highly biodegradable solution that is tolerant to electrolytes.


Decyl Glucoside comes from renewable, biodegradable, and plant-derived raw materials.
As such, Decyl Glucoside’s ideal for cleansing products where mildness and environmental concerns are important.
Decyl Glucoside’s often found in baby shampoo, sensitive skin formulations, and green or natural health products.


Decyl Glucoside is a glucose-based surfactant commonly used in shampoos and body washes.
Decyl Glucoside is an ingredient derived from plant-derived substances made from fats, sugars, and alcohols commonly found in corn sugars, coconuts, and palm oils.


Chemically, Decyl Glucoside is an alkyl glucoside made from a glucose reaction from the corn starch with fatty alcohol.
Decyl Glucoside is also known as decyl alcohol as it is found in palm oils and coconuts.
Decyl Glucoside is not harmful and has a lower skin irritation level compared to other surfactants.


Decyl Glucoside is often an attractive choice for shampoos and other personal care cleaning applications because it has desirable foaming properties.
Consumers often see foam as an essential part of the cleaning process, and Decyl Glucoside produces voluminous foam that has an excellent stability in personal care applications.


Decyl Glucoside is a colorless and transparent liquid.
Decyl Glucoside can be easily dissolved with water.
The usage rate varies between 1% and 10% depending on the demonstrative effect of Decyl Glucoside and its interaction with other substances.


Decyl Glucoside is a biodegradable nonionic surfactant derived from Cocos nucifera (coconut) and/or RSPO Palm and is an aqueous solution of a C8-C16 fatty alcohol polyglucoside.
Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and is light and gentle on the skin.


Decyl glucoside is a nonionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl Glucoside is therefore suitable for use as a base surfactant or co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.


Decyl glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl glucoside is vegetable Origin and Palm.
Decyl glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.


Decyl glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Therefore Decyl Glucoside is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.
Recommended Usage Level of Decyl Glucoside is 10% - 20% (Face Wash) and 15% - 30% (Shower Gel / Bath Foam / Shampoo).
Maximum Usage Level of Decyl Glucoside is 40%.


Decyl Glucoside is a very popular ingredient these days because it comes from corn and coconuts, so it's natural, and it's also biodegradable.
You'll commonly find Decyl Glucoside used as a detergent/cleanser and sometimes it's labeled ambiguously as "non-ionic surfactant" which means that it has a neutral (no) charge, and it lowers the surface tension of water.


Decyl Glucoside is a mild and gentle non-ionic surfactant, derived from plant-based fatty alcohols and glucose from sugar or starch.
Decyl Glucoside is a naturally derived, non-ionic surfactant or surface-active agent commonly found in personal care products like shampoos, body washes, cleansers, liquid hand soaps, etc.


Owing to its excellent foaming capacity and skin-friendly nature, Decyl Glucoside is a suitable co-surfactant or base-surfactant in many cleansing products, making it ideal for sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant with exceptional foaming properties, gentle for the skin.


Decyl Glucoside is a clear golden liquid, viscous, with no odor, and soluble in water with a pH value of 7.0-9.5 (10% actives).
This foaming surfactant, Decyl Glucoside, is plant-derived, ECOCERT-certified, and preservative-free.
Decyl glucoside is a non-irritant and naturally derived foaming agent obtained from renewable raw materials such as vegetable oil and starch.


Respecting the skin's biological balance and the environment, Decyl Glucoside is an ideal foaming surfactant for "green" hygiene and hair formulas!
Natural, mild, and with an excellent sensory profile, Decyl Glucosidean ideal ingredient for liquid soap, foaming cleanser, or makeup remover.
Decyl glucoside exhibits outstanding foaming behavior with dense and creamy foam bubbles.


Decyl glucoside is obtained from the condensation of glucose + the fatty alcohol decanol, which comes from coconuts. Its mildness makes it popular for use in baby shampoos.
Decyl Glucoside is known for producing desirable foaming properties.


As a raw material, decyl glucoside is described as a water-soluble, clear to slightly hazy yellow or amber viscous liquid.
In 2013, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel deemed decyl glucoside “safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.”


Their report looked at rinse-off products containing up to 33% and only up to 2% for leave-on formulas.
Decyl Glucoside for your compounding of soaps , shampoos , body washes, high quality detergent items.
Decyl Glucoside is a versatile nonionic surfactant that is very mild and gentle.


But tough enough for more serious surface cleaning too!
Decyl Glucoside is a fatty polyglycoside prepared by reacting cornstarch glucose with Natural fatty alcohol.
Decyl Glucoside is considered to be one of the best of the New generation of surfactants .


In the EU where there are heavy restrictions in place regarding cleanser ingredients, the demand for the alkyl polyglucosides increased dramatically.
Many companies with a natural focus to their formulations are now turning to Decyl Glucoside as their primary, and in some cases only, surfactant.
Decyl Glucoside is so mild that it typically does not require blending with any of the mildness additives although they can be used.


Decyl Glucoside is EcoCert approved for certified organic formulations.
A glucose-containing sugar derivative found widely in plants.
Alcohols are a large class of important cosmetic ingredients but only ethanol needs to be denatured to prevent it from being redirected from cosmetic applications to alcoholic beverages.


For example Decyl Glucoside is formed by reacting a 10 carbon chain alcohol, decyl alcohol, with a cyclic form of glucose.
Other alkyl glucoside ingredients that may be used in cosmetics include Arachidyl Glucoside, C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside, Cetearyl Glucoside, Coco-Glucoside, Ethyl Glucoside and Lauryl Glucoside.


Decyl glucoside is a plant-based surfactant that usually appears as a clear liquid with a mild sweet fatty aroma, and is found in many cleaning products, soaps and cleansers.
Decyl glucoside is derived from glucose (from corn or potato) and decyl alcohol (from coconut or palm).


Decyl Glucoside's what's known as a ‘non-ionic surfactant’, which means the molecules have no charge and help deliver non-streak cleaning.
Regarding its safety profile, a group of Alkyl Glucosides, including decyl glucoside, were assessed by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel in 2013.


They reviewed their safety for dermal exposure in cosmetics and concluded they are “safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.”
EWG notes studies showing allergic contact dermatitis to decyl and lauryl glucoside exists in a small percentage of the population, and appropriate care should be taken for those with sensitivities.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to enhance foaming and emulsifying properties.
Decyl Glucoside can be used as the base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cleansing formulations.
Uses of decyl glucoside include shampoos, body washes, shower gels, baby cleansers, bubble baths and viscosity builder in handmade liquid soaps.


Decyl Glucoside offers stable foam and lather.
Decyl Glucoside is commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers, as well as in household cleaning products.
Decyl Glucoside is used Shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers, as well as in household cleaning products.


Decyl Glucoside generates an exceptional foam for a nonionic surfactant, whatever the conditions.
Decyl Glucoside produces a very satisfactory level of foam, comparable with that obtained using conventional anionic surfactants.
Moreover, the foam obtained is particularly stable, which is an advantage for the formulation of bubble baths and shower gels.


Decyl Glucoside belongs to the alkyl glucosides family of surfactants and is commonly used as a non-toxic and eco-friendly alternative to conventional sulfates (like sodium laurel sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate).
Decyl Glucoside is used as a plant-based surfactant, it’s naturally biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly.


Decyl Glucoside may also be used in cleansing agents for irritating skin types.
Decyl glucoside prevents skin dryness because of its high foaming power, mildness, and ability to quickly lather and thicken while preserving skin moisture even after repeated application.


Decyl Glucoside also makes a cosmetic composition more skin-friendly.
Decyl glucoside is a surfactant used as an additive or a co-surfactant in skin and hair products, e.g. in soaps, body washes (for cleansing), wetting agents (in perms), foaming agents ( for shampoos), emulsifiers (in creams and lotions), conditioning agents (in skin and hair-care products).


Decyl glucoside is widely used in many “natural” products because it is of plant origin, biodegradable and considered gentle.
Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant that is used as a foaming, cleansing, conditioning, or emulsifying agent.
Decyl Glucoside can be used as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cleansers.


Decyl Glucoside is commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers, as well as in household cleaning products.
Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl Glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.


Decyl Glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Decyl Glucoside acts as a cleanser in cosmetic products.
Decyl Glucoside helps remove dirt, oil and other pollutants from the skin surface.


Decyl Glucoside gives the product foaming potential.
Decyl Glucoside helps soften and moisturize the skin surface.
Decyl Glucoside can be used as the sole surfactant or co-surfactant in cleaning formulas.


Decyl Glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable raw materials, through a combination of plant based fatty alcohol, decanol which is derived from coconut and glucose (corn starch).
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, and gentle, surfactant and because it does not dry the skin it is ideal for the formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry products.


Decyl glucoside was first used in soaps and body cleansers because of its great foaming power, mildness, and its ability to lather easily and thicken while retaining skin moisture even when used repeatedly; prevent skin dryness.
Decyl Glucoside also improves skin tolerance of a cosmetic formulation.


Decyl glucoside is classified as a surfactant and this is why it is used in many products that are primarily used for personal hygiene and toiletries.
Decyl Glucoside also helps to moisturize the skin to prevent inflammation and itchiness.
Decyl glucoside has many other qualities making it compatible with other cleaning chemicals and agents.


Surfactants lower the surface tension of products they’re added to, helping them remove dirt and oils more effectively while stabilizing oil and water mixtures.
As a surfactant Decyl Glucoside also improves a product's ability to wet surfaces and form foam that’s stable and long-lasting.


Decyl Glucoside is used in our wrinkle releaser as a wetting agent.
Decyl Glucoside, used as a co-surfactant, can reduce the total active requirements of other foaming ingredients, without altering their performance; cleansing effectiveness, foam volume, and ease of thickening, are all maintained while improving on the mild, and gentle, nature of the final formulation.


When used in formulations, Decyl Glucoside creates a good and stable foam for a non-ionic surfactant and can be used on its own or combined with other surfactants such as Cocamidopropyl Betaine, as this will enhance the smoothness of the foam.
Decyl Glucoside’s fully compatible with anionic, cationic, amphoteric, and other non-ionic surfactants.


As it doesn’t dry out the skin, Decyl Glucoside’s ideal for use in products for sensitive skin, such as baby products and facial cleansers.
Decyl Glucoside and the other alkyl glucoside ingredients may be used in baby products, bath products, cleansing products, skin care products, eye makeup and hair care products including hair dyes and colors.


Decyl Glucoside also contributes to lather, wetting and suspension of soils in products like shampoo, body wash, bubble bath, wool wash and facial cleansers.
We use Decyl Glucoside in some of our personal care and cleaning products for its gentle but effective cleansing properties, and general compatibility with sensitive skin.


Polyglucoses/ sugar derived surfactants like the decyl glucoside exhibit mildness traits of nonionics, with the foam of an anionic.
Decyl Glucoside is this unique characteristic that enables it to be utilized as both the primary & co-surfactant in formulations.
Decyl glucoside is primarily used for its surfactant (cleansing) properties.


While most common in facial and body cleansers, you can also find decyl glucoside in products such as self-tanners, sunscreens, and liquid foundations where it may function as an emulsion stabiliser.
Due to its mildness and great foaming properties, Decyl Glucoside is recommended as a primary or co-surfactant.


-Decyl glucoside is used extensively in:
Natural cleaning products, Laundry products, Skincare products (cleansers, creams, make-up remover, etc.),
Shampoos, Conditioners,
Soaps, Body Washes,
Baby care products.



WHAT IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE USED FOR?
Decyl Glucoside has an excellent foaming capacity and is very skin-friendly.
Decyl Glucoside is often used on just any skin type and is a suitable co-surfactant in many cleansing products.
Decyl Glucoside is considered ideal for sensitive skin types.
Decyl Glucoside is used alongside glucosides to enhance foaming and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside helps in removing dirt, oil and hydrates the skin/scalp well.
Decyl Glucoside has emulsifying properties and nourishes the body well.
In hair care preparations, Decyl Glucoside helps removing buildup without stripping hair of color or natural oils.



SKIN CARE USES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside acts as an emulsifier, creates mild foam, makes the skin smooth and provides hydrating feel.
Decyl Glucoside is used in facial cleansers, liquid body washes, moisturizers, liquid hand soaps, baby soap, baby shampoo, makeup remover, bubble bath, baby bubble bath, exfoliant/scrub, baby wipes, facial moisturizer, serums, bar soap, bath oil/salts/soak, sunscreens, shaving creams



HAIR CARE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is a gentle surfactant that cleanses the scalp and hair of dirt and excess oil without the risk of irritation.
Decyl Glucoside is widely used in baby shampoos, shampoos, conditioner, beard cleansers.
Decyl Glucoside is able to provide a luxurious lather that does not irritate the scalp and used in hair masks as well.
Decyl Glucoside does not strip off the natural oils which makes it a great option for those with dry or curly hair who want to remove buildup and avoid harshly disrupting the scalp's natural oil production.
Decyl Glucoside has superior foaming properties compared with other cleansers and thus helps to add texture or volume to the hair shaft



FUNCTIONS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*Surfactant
*Cleansing agent
*Sensory Modifier



PROPERTIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*Exceptional foaming properties for a non-ionic surfactant
*Reduces the total active material of the formulas
*Easy to thicken
*Nonirritant (respects the skin's biological balance)
*Eco-friendly



SPECIFICITIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*Ecocert
*Preservative-free
*Quasi Drug



AT A GLANCE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*Primarily used as a surfactant (cleansing agent)
*Known for producing desirable foaming properties in shampoos and cleansers
*Can also function as an emulsion stabiliser
*Deemed safe by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel



WHAT DOES DECYL GLUCOSIDE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsion stabilising
*Foaming
*Surfactant



ALTERNATIVES PARENTS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*COCOGLUCOSIDE,
*SUCROSE COCOATE,
*LAURYL GLUCOSIDE,
*CAPRYLYL CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE



CHARACTERISTICS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl glucoside is derived from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl Glucoside allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.



ORIGIN OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Vegetable and Fruit Sugars



HOW TO USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Blend Decyl Glucoside with other surfactants to produce a foaming product with skin cleansing abilities.
Decyl Glucoside works excellently blended with Cocamidipropyl betaine.



FEATURES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl glucoside is obtained from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl Glucoside allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl glucoside can be used with other glucosides to improve foaming and skin care properties.
Decyl glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.



HOW TO USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Mix with other surfactants to produce a foaming product with skin-clearing properties.



WHY IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE USED?
In cosmetics and personal care products, Decyl Glucoside
A glucose-containing sugar derivative found widely in plants.

Lauryl Glucoside, Arachidyl Glucoside, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside and Coco-Glucoside are reported to function as surfactants – cleansing agents.
C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside and Cetearyl Glucoside are reported to function as surfactants – emulsifying agents, while Ethyl Glucoside is reported to function as a skin-conditioning agent – humectant
Ingredients that slow the loss of moisture from a product during use.



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Arachidyl proprionate (or glucoside) is NOT derived from peanuts (Arachis hypogaea).
A glucose-containing sugar derivative found widely in plants.

Therefore, use of this ingredient in cosmetic products does not represent an allergy concern for children (or adults) with peanut allergies.
Alkyl glucosides consist of alkyl groups bound to glucose in the D-glycopyranoside form.
The glucose portion of the compound may consist of mono-, di-, tri-, oligo- or polysaccharides.

For example, Decyl Glucoside with a degree of polymerization of 1.6 is a mixture of decyl monosaccharide (glucopyranoside) and decyl disaccharide (also called maltopyranoside).
These ingredients are generally sold as aqueous solutions containing 50-65% of the ingredient.



BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside’s critical for the health of your hair and scalp that you keep your scalp free of oil and deposits.
Shampoos are surfactants that remove dust, dirt and fat from the hair and scalp by lowering the interfacial tension between water and oil.

Sulphates are present in many shampoos and provide a moisturisation effect for a thorough clean.
Decyl Glucoside is an exceptional cleanser because it can froth into a thick foam despite not containing sulphates, which can deplete hair of pigment and essential oils.

Decyl Glucoside is beneficial to those with curly hair or colour-treated hair.
Decyl Glucoside also can cleanse while foaming up into a thick lather.
Here are some of the advantages of decyl-glucoside:

*Decyl Glucoside Cleanses The Hair And Scalp Gently:
Decyl-glucoside can cleanse the hair of impurities and excess oil from root to tip without irritating.
Gentle on the skin, Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming qualities that help spread the solution across the skin and improve the texture.

*Decyl Glucoside Maintains Hydration And Moisture:
Decyl Glucoside, unlike sulphates found in many shampoos, does not strip the hair.
Decyl Glucoside gently cleanses the hair and scalp while preserving moisture by making a pleasant foam and thoroughly washing it out.
This makes Decyl Glucoside a good option for those with thin or wavy hair who wish to get rid of buildup.
Decyl Glucoside’s also the most effective option if you don’t want to compromise the scalp’s healthy oil production.

*Decyl Glucoside’s Gentle On The Scalp:
Irritation and inflammation of the scalp are the most common reasons for hair loss.
Sulphates can be irritating to the skin, causing flaking, redness and inflammation.
Decyl-glucoside can generate a pleasant lather without sulphates.
This enhances the general texture of the hair.

*Decyl Glucoside Lifts And Adds Volume To Your Hair:
Some sulphate-free shampoos don’t lather well and might make your hair feel sluggish or lifeless.
As a result, experts advise anyone wishing to add thickness or volume to their hair to use Decyl Glucoside.

*Decyl Glucoside’s Environmentally Friendly:
Decyl Glucoside is gentle, low in toxicity and environmentally friendly, making it an excellent choice for anyone trying to reduce their hair routine’s ecological consequences.
Experts also agree that Decyl Glucoside is an environmental alternative to traditional surfactants because it is a plant-based substance.



CONCLUSION OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is a sulphate-free surfactant that is present in shampoos and washes.
Decyl Glucoside’s an excellent option for haircare products since it is delicate and gentle, making it suitable for even the most sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside has also replaced sulphates in many traditional hair products, thus lessening the damage to your hair and skin.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE GOOD FOR YOUR SKIN?
Decyl Glucoside is obtained from 100% natural sources and is safe for all skin types.
Whether you have dry skin, normal or sensitive skin, you can enjoy the benefits of Decyl Glucoside.

Being non-toxic and biodegradable, Decyl Glucoside does not cause any severe harm to the skin.
Decyl Glucoside's mild soapy activity gently cleans all the dirt and impurities from the skin layer.
If you have oily skin and despise the unwanted shine on your face, Decyl Glucoside can help you in effectively washing the grease off your face.

Surfactants are known for their ability to wet a surface.
Decyl Glucoside, being a mild surfactant, can help in hydration of the skin.
Decyl Glucoside is also incorporated in certain anti-aging products because of its ability to wet the dermal layers and reduce wrinkles and fine lines.



HOW TO USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Many haircare products contain Decyl Glucoside.
Decyl Glucoside’s common in baby products because of its gentle properties.
Decyl Glucoside’s a fantastic alternative for individuals who want to limit sulphates in their hair products yet miss the thick foam of standard shampoos.
Decyl Glucoside’s not a chemical you can buy separately. Instead, check for it on the packaging of hair products and co-washes.



WHO IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE SUITABLE FOR?
Decyl Glucoside is suitable for all hair varieties and conditions. However, Decyl Glucoside is especially beneficial to people with curly or dry hair who want to avoid sulphates.
Decyl Glucoside’s also good for someone who has a sensitive or itchy scalp and wants to wash without removing the skin’s essential oils.



HOW OFTEN SHOULD YOU USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Decyl Glucoside is suitable for daily use.
However, as with other surfactants, Decyl Glucoside should not be left on for longer than a minute to avoid irritation.
Everyone’s scalp and hair demands are different, so check with a hair specialist if you have any particular concerns.



IS IT OKEY TO USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER PRODUCTS?
You can mix Decyl Glucoside with a variety of different surfactants.
To make a thicker mixture, you can blend Decyl Glucoside with natural polymers like guar gum and carrageenan gum.
When you combine it with soy or Cocamidopropyl, Decyl Glucoside will have a better consistency.



HOW DECYL GLUCOSIDE IS MADE:
Decyl glucoside is made from plant-based fatty alcohols and sugar or glucose.
More specifically, commercial production requires condensing decyl glucoside (and other alkyl polyglucosides) with a glucose polymer.



WHAT DOES DECYL GLUCOSIDE DO?
As a plant-based surfactant, decyl glucoside is often used in place of sulfates like SLS and SLES.
Decyl Glucoside can be found in hundreds of products like shampoo, facial cleansers, body wash, hand soap, laundry detergent, and makeup remover.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE SAFE?
The Cosmetics Ingredient Review has deemed Decyl Glucoside safe for use in cosmetic products.
Due to its connection to contact dermatitis, the EWG has granted decyl glucoside a score of "2".
Whole Foods has deemed Decyl Glucoside as acceptable as a surfactant in its body care quality standards.



WHERE IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE FOUND?
Decyl glucoside is found throughout the cosmetic industry in products such as baby shampoo and specialty items labeled for sensitive skin.
Various creams, body washes, and baby skin care items containDecyl Glucoside.



WHAT ARE SOME PRODUCTS THAT MAY CONTAIN DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
*Body Washes
*Cleansers and Cleaning Cloths
*Hair Color Products



HOW DOES DECYL GLUCOSIDE WORK?
As a surfactant/cleansing agent, decyl glucoside works by lowering the surface tension of the products it’s added to.
This results in the following:
*More effective removal of dirt and oils
*More stable and long-lasting foam
*Enhanced wetting power
*And stabilization of oil and water mixtures
*All plant-derived surfactants have their benefits and limitations, which is why they’re often combined with other surfactants.



WHERE DOES DECYL GLUCOSIDE COME FROM?
What is decyl glucoside made of?
Decyl Glucoside is made through the condensation of long-chain fatty alcohols and glucose extracted from corn or coconuts; the plant glucose is reacted with a fatty alcohol to create an alkyl glucoside surfactant.
Since Decyl Glucoside’s a biodegradable plant derivative, it is considered a natural ingredient.



LET'S FIND OUT WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is used in toiletries and personal hygiene.
1. Decyl Glucoside is a natural surfactant that lathers quite easily.
This makes Decyl Glucoside one of the primary ingredients used as base-surfactant and co-surfactant in soaps, body and face washes, and cleansers.
The non-toxic, 100% biodegradable, and mild surfactant activity of Decyl Glucoside makes it an ideal washing solution for fruits and vegetables.

2. Helps in removing oil and dirt
Being a surfactant, Decyl Glucoside effectively removes grease and impurities from a surface when used along with water.
This mechanism occurs as Decyl Glucoside can lower the surface tension between the two liquids.

3. Used as an Element/Ingredient in Personal Care Products
Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant, i.e., categorized in the family of Alkyl Polyglucosides.
Decyl Glucoside helps in hydrating the skin and helps in preventing the drying of the skin.
Incorporating Decyl Glucoside in skincare products increases the skin's ability to tolerate the cosmetic formulations.

4. Safe to be used on sensitive skin
As derived from all-natural sources, Decyl Glucoside is non-toxic and very skin-friendly. Its gentle action on the skin makes it an ideal ingredient to be used on sensitive skin.

Decyl Glucoside does not result in any rashes or irritation on the skin.
Decyl Glucoside is also safe to be used on baby skin for its mild properties and the absence of harmful ethylene oxide.
Decyl Glucoside is used in pet products too.

5. Used as an element/ingredient for hair care products
Its bubbling and foaming property also makes Decyl Glucoside a primary component in shampoos.
Decyl Glucoside is non-drying and is gentle on any texture of hair.
Decyl Glucoside's non-ionic quality helps in maintaining the natural pH of the hair.
Decyl Glucoside is also used in hair mousse to retain moisture in the hair and keeps them frizz-free.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is an Alkyl Polyglucoside, which means it is a non-ionic surfactant.
Decyl Glucoside hydrates and protects the skin from drying out. Surfactant, often known as a surface-active agent, is a detergent-like chemical.
When added to a liquid, Decyl Glucoside lowers the surface tension, making it easier to spread and moisten.

Surfactants break down these interactions as they absorb.
Because the intermolecular interactions between Decyl Glucoside and the water molecule are substantially lower than those between two water molecules, surface tension is reduced.

Micelles occur when the concentration of surfactant is high.
The critical micelle concentration is the point at which micelles begin to form.
The primary function of surfactants is to reduce surface and interfacial tension while also stabilising the interface.



SAFETY PROFILE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Comparable to the other alkyl polyglucoside surfactants, decyl glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable vegetable origin.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of 19 alkyl glucosides including decyl glucoside as used in cosmetics and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated, and are non-irritating.

Since glucoside hydrolases in human skin are likely to break down these ingredients to release their respective fatty acids and glucose, the Panel also reviewed CIR reports on the safety of fatty alcohols and were able to extrapolate data from those previous reports to support safety.
Decyl Glucoside is a gentle cleanser delicate enough even for the delicate, sensitive skin.
It’s considered mild, low toxicity, and eco-friendly, making Decyl Glucoside a great option to minimize the environmental footprint.



BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is one of the mildest and gentlest surfactants available for use on the skin.
Decyl Glucoside is free of harmful ingredients, non-allergic, and non-irritating, making it ideal for usage in a variety of beauty and personal care products.

Let’s look at some of the advantages of Decyl Glucoside.
Decyl Glucoside is a surfactant that improves a product’s capacity to moisten surfaces and build a long-lasting, stable lather, making it ideal for shampoos, conditioners, mousses, and hair colourants.

This plant-derived ingredient, Decyl Glucoside, is soft and mild on all types of hair.
Your scalp will not be irritated.
Decyl Glucoside is often utilised in anti-dandruff shampoos since it is easily absorbed into the skin and hydrates your scalp.

Decyl Glucoside also aids in the retention of your scalp’s moisture balance and the maintenance of a good pH balance, reducing dry, itchy scalp and promoting scalp health.
Decyl Glucoside's anti-inflammatory properties assist to soothe inflamed and dry scalps, reducing the risk of dandruff.
Decyl Glucoside’s good for shampoos, conditioners, and mousses because of its strong foaming capacity and moisture-retaining ability.



WHAT DOES DECYL GLUCOSIDE DO IN A FORMULATION?
Decyl Glucoside is a moderate surfactant that does not irritate the skin.
As a result, Decyl Glucoside is widely used in skincare and hair care products, as well as baby products, cleaning products, and personal care products.
Decyl Glucoside is commonly employed in practically all goods that we use in our daily lives due to its thickening and foaming properties.
Decyl Glucoside aids in the solubilization of oils, active compounds, and extracts in a formulation, resulting in a crystal clear result.



WORK WELL WITH OTHER INGREDIENTS, DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Most people consider thick surfactants to be nothing more than cleaners, but they actually do a lot more than that.
Decyl Glucoside can be used with a variety of different surfactants. Natural polymers like xanthan gum and carrageenan gum are routinely employed to generate a thicker mixture.
When coupled with cocamidopropyl betaine or soy, Decyl Glucoside gives a smoother consistency.



WHAT DOES DECYL GLUCOSIDE DO?
Decyl glucoside helps properly disperse the ingredients, and ensure easy rinsing and removal of residue.
Decyl glucoside is produced by the reaction (known as esterification) of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol capric alcohol, which is obtained from coconut and/or palm oil.
Decyl Glucoside is split and the resultant fatty acids separated and reacted through a process known as hydrogenolysis to form the fatty alcohol.



WHAT ARE THE ALTERNATIVES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Other cleansing agents include soaps and surfactants, both naturally derived and synthetic, that could be used in place of decyl glucoside.
We do not use animal-based soaps or synthetic surfactants as cleansing agents, but we do use vegetable-based soaps and other naturally derived surfactants in some of our products.



DID YOU KNOW DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Every chemical component used in consumer products is assigned a unique number known as CAS ( Chemical Abstract Service) Number for easy identification.
Certified organic Decyl Glucoside is represented by the number: 54549-25-6.
You can look for this number when shopping for personal care products to see if those contain Decyl Glucoside.



HOW IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE OBTAINED?
Decyl Glucoside boasts a 100% natural, plant-derived composition that is made of fatty alcohol and glucose.
The fatty alcohol, also known as decyl alcohol or decanol, is generated by hydrogenolysis of the fatty acid extracted from coconuts or palm kernel oils.



HOW CAN DECYL GLUCOSIDE BE BENEFICIAL?
Decyl Glucoside has been found to have numerous beneficial qualities and is used for various purposes.
Its neutral property makes Decyl Glucoside compatible with other cleaning chemical agents.



ABSORPTION RATE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Fast


STRENGHT OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is a simple-to-find "natural" surfactant that produces a wonderful lather.


WEAKNESSES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside has a high pH and isn't a particularly good solubilized.


SUBSTITUTION OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Caprylyl/Capryl


HOW TO STORE DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Stored Decyl Glucoside in a cool, dark and dry place.


SHELF LIFE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside has a two-year shelf life.


TYPE OF INGREDIENT OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Cleanser


MAIN BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Cleanses the scalp and hair, keeps Decyl Glucoside moisturised, and decreases the risk of skin irritation.


WHO SHOULD USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is suitable for all hair types and textures, but it is especially beneficial to people with curly or dry hair who are looking for a gentle cleanser.


HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Its fine to apply every day, but Decyl Glucoside shouldn't be left on for more than a few minutes at a time, like other surfactants, to avoid irritation.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE WORKS WELL WITH:
Decyl Glucoside's compatible with a wide range of different surfactants.
To make a thicker mixture, Decyl Glucoside's frequently used with natural polymers like xanthan gum and carrageenan gum.
Decyl Glucoside produces a smoother consistency when combined with cocamidopropyl betaine or soy.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE DOES NOT WORK WITH:
When coupled with methylene bis-benzotriazolyl (MBBT), it has been found to induce irritation.
Decyl Glucoside should not be used by people who have a known allergy to alkyl glucosides or coconut.


HOW TO USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Added to your formulation's water phase.


WHY DO WE INCLUDE DECYL GLUCOSIDE IN FORMULATIONS?
Decyl glucoside can be used as a primary or secondary surfactant to help with foaming and cleaning in a finished product.


HOW TO WORK WITH DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Decyl Glucoside produces a wonderful, rich, deep lather in our recipes.
Decyl Glucoside can be used in the water phase of your formulations and can be processed hot or cold.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE TOXIC?
Comparable to the other Alkyl Polyglucoside Surfactants, decyl glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable vegetable origin.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of 19 alkyl glucosides including decyl glucoside as used in cosmetics and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated, and are nonirritating.

Since glucoside hydrolases in human skin are likely to break down these ingredients to release their respective fatty acids and glucose, the Panel also reviewed CIR reports on the safety of fatty alcohols and were able to extrapolate data from those previous reports to support safety.
Decyl glucoside is a gentle cleanser delicate enough even for the delicate skin on fruits, such as berries and cherry tomatoes, which is why it is used in Fruit & Veggie Sprays also.



WHAT IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE MADE FROM?
Decyl Glucoside is a plant-derived substance made from fats, alcohol, and sugars found in palm kernel oils, corn sugars, and coconut.
In chemical terms, Decyl Glucoside is an alkyl glucoside, made from the reaction of glucose from the cornstarch with a fatty alcohol, also called capric alcohol or decyl alcohol, found in palm oils and coconuts.
The oil splits to yield the resultant fatty acids, which are separated and reacted through a process known as hydrogenolysis to form fatty alcohol.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Decyl glucoside is a naturally derived, biodegradable surfactant with vast uses and benefits because of its natural properties.
Decyl glucoside lathers easily, making it a suitable ingredient for soaps, shampoos, cleansers, etc.
Decyl glucoside is a mild agent and non-toxic, making it safe for skincare and personal care products like facial cleansers, liquid body washes, etc.

Its properties as a surfactant allow decyl glucoside to remove oils and dirt from formulations by eliminating the surface tension between two liquids.
Decyl glucoside is derived from natural sources and is biodegradable, making it skin-friendly and eco-friendly.
Its mild, non-toxic, and gentle nature ensures decyl glucoside does not cause any rashes or irritation on the skin.
Decyl glucoside finds its uses as a base-surfactant or co-surfactant in baby products, body washes, shampoos, cleansing lotions, and soaps.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE SAFE FOR SKIN?
Obtained and processed from 100% natural raw materials, decyl glucoside is biodegradable, non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, and non-allergic towards any organs or reproductive health.
Decyl Glucoside is safe for all types of skin - dry, normal, as well as sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild agent that also helps retain the moisture and natural health of the skin.
Remember to rinse Decyl Glucoside off after use.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE CONTAINS NO IMPURITIES:
Decyl Glucoside's chemical composition is safe for baby and pet products as well. Decyl Glucoside's properties find vital use in anti-dandruff treatments, eczema skin creams, and lotions catering to various other skin conditions.
Certified organic decyl glucoside is a common phrase you can find in most skin care and baby care products.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE A SULFATE?
Often, shampoo and soap manufacturers use "sulfate-free" as an adjective to describe their products' properties.
While the term "SLS-free" might have some truth in it, due to the exclusion of the harmful component - sodium lauryl sulfate, decyl glucoside is not sulfate-free.

Decyl glucoside is made from sodium coco-sulfate, a derivative of the fatty acids found in coconuts, and sodium coco-sulfate is made from a blend of the fatty acids in coconut oil.
Decyl Glucoside is a safer alternative to sodium lauryl sulfate, or SLS, due to its natural origin.
Decyl Glucoside's less irritating to the skin and does not carry any carcinogenic properties.



WHAT ARE THE SIDE EFFECTS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Compared to many other alkyl polyglucoside surfactants, decyl glucoside is 100% safe due to its non-toxic and biodegradable nature.
Decyl Glucoside comes from a 100% natural vegetable origin.

Decyl Glucoside is gentle and delicate, so much so that it can be used in sprays for fruits and vegetables.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review expert panel, or the CIR, deemed decyl glucoside as completely safe for use, amongst its assessment of nineteen other alkyl glucosides.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Molecular Weight: 320.42 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.4Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 275
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling Point: 476.5±45.0°C at 760 mmHg
HLB Value: 13-15
pH: 11.5-12.5
Solubility: Soluble in water and oil
Viscosity: 1000-2500 mPa.s at 20°C
Appearance: Viscous clear to pale yellow liquid
Solubility: Water
Usage rate: Up to 25%
Charge: Non-ionic
Active surfactant matter: 51 - 55%

pH range: 11 - 12.5
Vegan: Yes
Palm oil: No
Boiling Point: 476.5±45.0°C at 760 mmHg
HLB Value: 13-15
pH: 11.5-12.5
Solubility: Soluble in water and oil
Viscosity: 1000-2500 mPa.s at 20°C
INCI: Decyl Glucoside
Appearance: Semi-viscous yellowish liquid
Texture: Slippery, detergent
Recommended Usage: Up to 40%
Solubility: Water soluble
Melting point: NA
Boiling point: NA
pH: 11–12
Aroma: Characteristically detergent



FIRST AID MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



DECYL GLUCOSIDE
Decyl Glucoside is an organic compound (C16H32O6) that is obtained from nature.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant that has gained popularity in the cosmetic and hair care industry.
Decyl Glucoside is a 100% biodegradable ingredient that is derived from plants.


CAS Number: 54549-25-6
EC Number: 259-218-1
Chem/IUPAC Name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6



Decyl glucoside, 68515-73-1, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol, Decyl D-glucopyranoside, Decyl D-glucoside, 54549-25-6, 141464-42-8, D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol, MFCD23103077, decyl glucopyranoside, EINECS 259-218-1, C16H32O6, n-decyl-d-glucopyranoside, SCHEMBL43196, DTXSID30893008,
JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N, AKOS016004985, DS-3841, A867031, W-111093, W-203522, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL, Decyl β-D-glucopyranoside, (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, C16H32O6, D-Glucoside, Decyl Alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside, APG0810, (C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides, D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeri, Decyl D-glucopyranoside, Decyl D-glucoside, Decyl octyl d-glucose, Decyl glucoside extract, Vegetable decyl glucoside, B-D-Glucopyranoside, DECYL-D-glucoside, DECYL, DECYL D-glucoside, DECYL Polyglucoside, DECYL- B-D-Glucopyranoside, DECYL-B -D-Glucopyranoside, GLUCOSIDE, Decyl,



Decyl Glucoside is a biodegradable, nonionic surfactant derived from sugar that comes from coconut and/or RSPO palm.
Decyl Glucoside has great foaming capacity and is mild and gentle on the skin.
Decyl Glucoside is even mild enough to be used in baby care products.


Decyl Glucoside is a nonionic surfactant with good foaming properties and mild to the eyes and skin.
Decyl Glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable raw materials, through a combination of plant based fatty alcohol, decanol which is derived from coconut and glucose (corn starch).


Decyl Glucoside is a mild, and gentle, surfactant because it does not dry the skin out.
Decyl Glucoside is a nonionic surfactant widely used in natural products.
Not very aggressive, Decyl Glucoside is made from sugar and coconut.


Decyl Glucoside is suitable for the most sensitive skin like baby's.
Decyl Glucoside is authorized in organic.
Decyl Glucoside is derived from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.


Decyl Glucoside allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl Glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies, including baby shampoo and in products for individuals with a sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild surfactant made from renewable raw materials such as coconut oil and glucose from corn starch.


Decyl Glucoside is known for its ability to effectively clean the skin and hair while being gentle and non-irritating.
Decyl Glucoside is also biodegradable and eco-friendly.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, plant-derived surfactant that is commonly used in personal care and cosmetic products.


Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant, ideal for foaming and cleansing products.
Decyl Glucoside, obtained from renewable raw materials, is a combination of plant based fatty alcohols (C8-C16) and glucose.
Obtained and processed from 100% natural raw materials, Decyl Glucoside is biodegradable, non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, and non-allergic towards any organs or reproductive health.


Decyl Glucoside is safe for all types of skin - dry, normal, as well as sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside is compatible with all surfactants, as far as we know.
Decyl Glucoside is tolerant of high electrolyte formulations aloe


Decyl Glucoside is compatible with cationic conditioning agents
Decyl Glucoside is mild but effective cleansing
Decyl Glucoside improves skin tolerance of the formulation


Decyl Glucoside maintains skin balance without dryness
Decyl Glucoside is environmentally friendly.
Decyl Glucoside is a non Ionic surfactant obtained from vegetable origin -palm & coconut.


Decyl Glucoside is used good foaming power.
Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant with exceptional foaming properties, gentle for the skin.
Decyl Glucoside is a clear golden liquid, viscous, with no odor, and soluble in water with a pH value of 7.0-9.5 (10% actives).


This foaming surfactant, Decyl Glucoside, is plant-derived, ECOCERT-certified, and preservative-free.
Decyl Glucoside is a non-irritant and naturally derived foaming agent obtained from renewable raw materials such as vegetable oil and starch.
Respecting the skin's biological balance and the environment, Decyl Glucoside is an ideal foaming surfactant for "green" hygiene and hair formulas!


Decyl Glucoside is a favorite non-toxic surfactant in the natural cleaning business because it works great, is biodegradable, and is very gentle on skin.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, natural, vegan, plant-derived, biodegradable, non-toxic, and sustainable surfactant suitable for the most delicate skin.
As a plant-based surfactant, Decyl Glucoside’s naturally biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly.


Decyl Glucoside is 100% natural and Non GMO
Decyl Glucoside comes from 100% renewable, biodegradable, vegan resources.
Decyl Glucoside is Ecocert and COSMOS approved for certified organic formulations.


Decyl Glucoside does not bioaccumulate.
Decyl Glucoside leaves no residue as do saponified natural soaps
Decyl Glucoside is mild, gentle, and non-drying, making it ideal for even the most delicate skin.


Decyl Glucoside’s non-irritating, non-allergenic, non-carcinogenic, and non-toxic.
EWG (the Environmental Working Group) rates it a “2”, meaning it is of “low concern” in terms of any safety issues.
Decyl Glucoside works great as a fruit and veggie wash (one of the many uses for our All Purpose).


Regarding its safety profile, a group of Alkyl Glucosides, including Decyl Glucoside, were assessed by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel in 2013.
They reviewed their safety for dermal exposure in cosmetics and concluded they are “safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.”


EWG notes studies showing allergic contact dermatitis to decyl and lauryl glucoside exists in a small percentage of the population, and appropriate care should be taken for those with sensitivities.
Decyl Glucoside is also listed by the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) as being readily biodegradable, with low potential for bioaccumulation or aquatic toxicity.


Decyl Glucoside is an organic compound (C16H32O6) that is obtained from nature.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant that has gained popularity in the cosmetic and hair care industry.
Decyl Glucoside is a 100% biodegradable ingredient that is derived from plants.


Decyl Glucoside is synthesized following a reaction between glucose obtained from corn starch and the fatty alcohol decanol extracted from coconuts.
Due to its absolute organic composition, Decyl Glucoside has become one of the most used ingredients in personal care products such as cleansers, body washes, and shampoos.


Its 'non-ionic' property signifies that Decyl Glucoside has a neutral charge and can lower water's surface and produce foam.
Decyl Glucoside has been seen to be skin-friendly.
Its mildness makes Decyl Glucoside suitable to be used even on sensitive skin.


Decyl Glucoside contains no impurities.
Decyl Glucoside's chemical composition is safe for baby and pet products as well.
Decyl Glucoside's properties find vital use in anti-dandruff treatments, eczema skin creams, and lotions catering to various other skin conditions.


Certified organic Decyl Glucoside is a common phrase you can find in most skin care and baby care products.
Decyl Glucoside is anti-carcinogenic.
Decyl Glucoside does not hamper the functioning of reproductive or developmental health.


Decyl Glucoside is anti-allergy and non-toxic.
Decyl Glucoside is wise to do a little research on the ingredients of the skincare or other personal care products that you use regularly or are thinking of, including your daily regime.


Decyl Glucoside gives you a fair idea of what beneficial effects you should expect and warn you about any anticipated risks.
Other cleansing agents include soaps and surfactants, both naturally derived and synthetic, that could be used in place of Decyl Glucoside.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant, ideal for rich dense foaming cleansing formulas such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.


Hair care formulations of Decyl Glucoside will require a PH adjustment.
Decyl Glucoside is ECOCERT certified, preservative-free and obtained from renewable plant origin, and does not contain any impurities.
Decyl Glucoside is easily biodegradable.


Decyl Glucoside can also be used as a solubilizer when adding essential oils to a product.
Environmentally friendly, and compatible with all surfactants, whatever their nature or pH range, making Decyl Glucoside easy to use in all your cleansing formulations.


Decyl Glucoside is also tolerant of high electrolyte formulations (aloe).
Decyl Glucoside improves skin tolerance of the formulation, maintains skin balance without dryness, and is easy to thicken with natural polymers.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild cleanser used in cosmetic formularies including in products for individuals with a sensitive skin.


Decyl Glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for most hair types.
Decyl Glucoside helps properly disperse the ingredients, and ensure easy rinsing and removal of residue.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild and gentle non-ionic surfactant, derived from plant-based fatty alcohols and glucose from sugar or starch.


Decyl Glucoside is a fatty polyglycoside prepared by reacting cornstarch glucose with Natural fatty alcohol.
Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic sugar surfactant.
Decyl Glucoside is a cloudy, viscous, aqueous solution of a C8-C16 fatty alcohol glycoside.


Decyl Glucoside is a glucose-containing sugar derivative found widely in plants.
Alcohols are a large class of important cosmetic ingredients but only ethanol needs to be denatured to prevent it from being redirected from cosmetic applications to alcoholic beverages or mixtures of alcohols (that vary by carbon chain length) with a cyclic form of the sugar, glucose or glucose polymers.


For example Decyl Glucoside is formed by reacting a 10 carbon chain alcohol, decyl alcohol, with a cyclic form of glucose.
Other alkyl glucoside ingredients that may be used in cosmetics include Arachidyl Glucoside, C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside, Cetearyl Glucoside, Coco-Glucoside, Ethyl Glucoside and Lauryl Glucoside.


Decyl Glucoside and the other alkyl glucoside ingredients may be used in baby products, bath products, cleansing products, skin care products, eye makeup and hair care products including hair dyes and colors.
Decyl Glucoside is a polyglucoside derived from plants, making it a natural, mild and gentle surfactant that does not dry the skin.


Decyl Glucoside is an ideal product for the formulation of toiletry, personal hygiene, baby and pet products.
Decyl Glucoside is a gentle non-ionic surfactant made from a reaction between the fatty alcohols from plant-derived raw materials, in this case coconut oil and the natural sugar from corn starch.


Decyl Glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies including baby shampoo and in products for individuals with a sensitive skin.
Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because Decyl Glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types.
Decyl Glucoside is a sugar surfactant on the basis of coconut oil and glucose.


Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl Glucoside is made through the condensation of long-chain fatty alcohols and glucose extracted from corn or coconuts; the plant glucose is reacted with a fatty alcohol to create an alkyl glucoside surfactant.


Since Decyl Glucoside’s a biodegradable plant derivative, it is considered a natural ingredient.
Decyl Glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.


Therefore Decyl Glucoside is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.
As a raw material, Decyl Glucoside is described as a water-soluble, clear to slightly hazy yellow or amber viscous liquid.
In 2013, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel deemed Decyl Glucoside “safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.”


Decyl Glucoside is a very popular ingredient these days because it comes from corn and coconuts, so it's natural, and it's also biodegradable.
You'll commonly find Decyl Glucoside used as a detergent/cleanser and sometimes it's labeled ambiguously as "non-ionic surfactant" which means that it has a neutral (no) charge, and it lowers the surface tension of water.


Decyl Glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable raw materials, through a combination of plant based fatty alcohol, decanol which is derived from coconut and glucose (corn starch).
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, and gentle, surfactant and because it does not dry the skin it is ideal for the formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry products.


Decyl Glucoside is an ingredient derived from plant-derived substances made from fats, sugars, and alcohols commonly found in corn sugars, coconuts, and palm oils.
Chemically, Decyl Glucoside is an alkyl glucoside made from a glucose reaction from the corn starch with fatty alcohol.


Decyl Glucoside is also known as decyl alcohol as it is found in palm oils and coconuts.
Decyl Glucoside is a glucose-based surfactant commonly used in shampoos and body washes.
Decyl Glucoside is a type of surfactant that works as a solubilizer, emulsifier, and a foaming detergent.


Decyl Glucoside’s a popular form of alkyl polyglucoside, which is a relatively new type of surfactant made from reacting fatty alcohol with cornstarch.
This reaction creates a highly biodegradable solution that is tolerant to electrolytes.
Decyl Glucoside comes from renewable, biodegradable, and plant-derived raw materials.


As such, Decyl Glucoside’s ideal for cleansing products where mildness and environmental concerns are important.
Decyl Glucoside’s often found in baby shampoo, sensitive skin formulations, and green or natural health products.
Decyl Glucoside is not harmful and has a lower skin irritation level compared to other surfactants.


Decyl Glucoside is often an attractive choice for shampoos and other personal care cleaning applications because it has desirable foaming properties.
Consumers often see foam as an essential part of the cleaning process, and Decyl Glucoside produces voluminous foam that has an excellent stability in personal care applications.


Decyl Glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies, including baby shampoo and in products for individuals with a sensitive skin.
Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because Decyl Glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types.
Decyl Glucoside was invented by Robert Prairie in 1934.


Decyl Glucoside is a fatty polyglycoside prepared by reacting cornstarch glucose with Natural fatty alcohol.
Decyl Glucoside is considered to be one of the best of the New generation of surfactants .
In the EU where there are heavy restrictions in place regarding cleanser ingredients, the demand for the alkyl polyglucosides increased dramatically.


Many companies with a natural focus to their formulations are now turning to Decyl Glucoside as their primary, and in some cases only, surfactant.
Decyl Glucoside is so mild that it typically does not require blending with any of the mildness additives although they can be used.
Decyl Glucoside is EcoCert approved for certified organic formulations.


Decyl Glucoside is a Sulfate free surfactant.
Due to its mildness and great foaming properties, Decyl Glucoside is recommended as a primary or co-surfactant.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is used body washes, shampoos, bubble baths, cleansing lotions, cleansing creams, hand soaps, baby products, hair conditioners, cream rinses.
Decyl Glucoside can be used as the only surfactant or as a co-surfactant in cleansing formulas.


Many also include Decyl Glucoside in foaming products as a thickening agent.
Salt can be added to counteract Decyl Glucoside's thickening properties if a thinner product is desired.
Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because Decyl Glucoside is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types.


Decyl Glucoside has first-rate environmental and skin compatibility profiles, creating perfect synergy of mildness, foam performance and effective cleansing.
Due to its invaluable mildness, Decyl Glucoside is a perfect fit also for sensitive skin and baby cleansing concepts.


Decyl Glucoside is a mild and effective alternative to PEG/sulfate-containing formulations, and can be recommended for natural concepts according to Cosmos and NaTrue.
Decyl Glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.


Decyl Glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Decyl Glucoside is used most of the time as a co-surfactant with Coco Betaine (amphoteric surfactant) and Coco Glucoside (nonionic surfactant).
Decyl Glucoside is used avegetable origin (coconut or palm kernel oil and glucose) cleansing agent with great foaming abilities.


Decyl Glucoside's also mild to the skin and readily biodegradable.
Decyl Glucoside is nonionic and ideal for all DIY cleansing products where you need to generate a foam.
Decyl Glucoside can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.


Decyl Glucoside can be used for DIY bath bubbles, shower gels and shaving products.
Decyl Glucoside can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Decyl Glucoside is a nonionic surfactant, with excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility, that is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.


Decyl Glucoside is used in various personal care and cleaning products such as shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and household cleaners.
Decyl Glucoside's a mild surfactant and because it does not dry it is ideal for the formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry cosmetics.
Decyl Glucoside is often used in baby products.


Decyl Glucoside generates an exceptional foam for a nonionic surfactant, whatever the conditions.
Decyl Glucoside produces a very satisfactory level of foam, comparable with that obtained using conventional anionic surfactants.
Moreover, the foam obtained is particularly stable, which is an advantage for the formulation of bubble baths and shower gels.


Decyl Glucoside is used easy to thicken with natural polymers.
Decyl Glucoside has an excellent foaming capacity and is very skin-friendly.
Decyl Glucoside is often used on just any skin type and is a suitable co-surfactant in many cleansing products.


Decyl Glucoside is considered ideal for sensitive skin types.
Decyl Glucoside is used alongside glucosides to enhance foaming and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside helps in removing dirt, oil and hydrates the skin/scalp well.


Decyl Glucoside has emulsifying properties and nourishes the body well.
In hair care preparations, Decyl Glucoside helps removing buildup without stripping hair of color or natural oils.
Surfactants lower the surface tension of products they’re added to, helping them remove dirt and oils more effectively while stabilizing oil and water mixtures.


As a surfactant Decyl Glucoside also improves a product's ability to wet surfaces and form foam that’s stable and long-lasting.
Decyl Glucoside is used in our wrinkle releaser as a wetting agent.
Decyl Glucoside, used as a co-surfactant, can reduce the total active requirements of other foaming ingredients, without altering their performance; cleansing effectiveness, foam volume, and ease of thickening, are all maintained while improving on the mild, and gentle, nature of the final formulation.


Natural, mild, and with an excellent sensory profile, Decyl Glucoside's an ideal ingredient for liquid soap, foaming cleanser, or makeup remover.
Decyl Glucoside exhibits outstanding foaming behavior with dense and creamy foam bubbles.
Decyl Glucoside’s surfactant properties make it an effective and popular ingredient in hair care and cleaning products too.


Hair Products: Since Decyl Glucoside is an effective natural foaming agent, stabilizer, and moisturizer, it’s often used in place of SLSs/SLESs in natural shampoos and conditioners.
Decyl Glucoside’s very safe for all skin types (even babies), is used extensively in the clean beauty, personal care, and natural cleaning and laundry business, and is good for the planet.


Decyl Glucoside is from soaps and cleansers to dish and laundry detergents, bubbles are a big part of what keeps our homes, ourselves, and our families clean and healthy.
If the products you’re using are ll, non-toxic, eco-friendly, biodegradable, and gentle, it’s likely Decyl Glucoside.


A plant-based surfactant, Decyl Glucoside is widely used throughout the personal care and cleaning industry.
Non-ionic surfactant uses of Decyl Glucoside: At Branch Basics, we use decyl glucoside in our Concentrate and Dishwasher Tablets as a wetting, cleansing, and foaming agent and a stabilizer.


Decyl Glucoside belongs to the alkyl glucosides family of surfactants and is commonly used as a non-toxic and eco-friendly alternative to conventional sulfates (like sodium laurel sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate).
Decyl Glucoside’s safe enough for babies and pets! (verified to not be a skin or eye irritant by independent third party testing.


Decyl Glucoside can be combined with other non-toxic surfactants to enhance cleaning power.
Decyl Glucoside does not harm the environment or waterways - produces NO surfactant by-products such as ethylene oxide or 1,4 dioxane (we’ll cover this more coming up).


Decyl Glucoside helps create a non-toxic and highly effective end product with serious cleaning and foaming power.
A mild and non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic fomularies, Decyl Glucoside is used by many personal care companies to produce cleansers, baby shampoos, and all kinds of cleansing products.


Decyl Glucoside is gentle, has good foaming capacity, and is plant derived and biodegradable.
Decyl Glucoside is a plant-based surfactant that usually appears as a clear liquid with a mild sweet fatty aroma, and is found in many cleaning products, soaps and cleansers.


Decyl Glucoside is derived from glucose (from corn or potato) and decyl alcohol (from coconut or palm).
Decyl Glucoside's what's known as a ‘non-ionic surfactant’, which means the molecules have no charge and help deliver non-streak cleaning.
Decyl Glucoside also contributes to lather, wetting and suspension of soils in products like shampoo, body wash, bubble bath, wool wash and facial cleansers.


Decyl Glucoside is a surfactant used as an additive or a co-surfactant in skin and hair products, e.g. in soaps, body washes (for cleansing), wetting agents (in perms), foaming agents ( for shampoos), emulsifiers (in creams and lotions), conditioning agents (in skin and hair-care products).
Decyl Glucoside is widely used in many “natural” products because it is of plant origin, biodegradable and considered gentle.
Contains 1% sorbitan sesquioleate as emulsifier.


Decyl Glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable raw materials, through a combination of plant based fatty alcohol, which is derived from coconut or Palm Kernel and glucose (corn starch).
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, and gentle, surfactant and because it does not dry the skin it is ideal for the


Decyl Glucoside is used formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry products.
Decyl Glucoside was first used in soaps and body cleansers because of its great foaming power, mildness, and its ability to lather easily and thicken while retaining skin moisture even when used repeatedly; prevent skin dryness.


Decyl Glucoside also improves skin tolerance of a cosmetic formulation.
Decyl Glucoside is classified as a surfactant and this is why it is used in many products that are primarily used for personal hygiene and toiletries.
Decyl Glucoside also helps to moisturize the skin to prevent inflammation and itchiness.


Decyl Glucoside has many other qualities making it compatible with other cleaning chemicals and agents.
Decyl Glucoside generates an exceptional foam for a nonionic surfactant, whatever the conditions.
Decyl Glucoside produces a very satisfactory level of foam, comparable with that obtained using conventional anionic surfactants.


Moreover, the foam obtained is particularly stable, which is an advantage for the formulation of bubble baths and shower gels.
The foam generated is fine and stable.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, and gentle, surfactant and because it does not dry the skin it is ideal for the formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry products.


Decyl Glucoside works excellently blended with Cocamidipropyl Betaine.
Recommend usage levels of 10% - 20% (Face Products) and 15% - 30% (Body & Hair Products).
Decyl Glucoside can be useful for the health of your scalp too.


Due to its foam-forming capacity, many shampoos contain Decyl Glucoside as a surfactant.
Decyl Glucoside clears off dandruff from the scalp and helps maintain the hair and scalp's natural pH balance.
By washing away the dried scalp skin cells, Decyl Glucoside opens up the pores and facilitates sebum drainage.


Not only does Decyl Glucoside bring a shine to your hair, but its mild nature also keeps your hair soft and frizz-free.
Decyl Glucoside has also been used as an inactive ingredient alongside an active ingredient for antimicrobial activity.
Some antibacterial liquid hand washes, as well as hand soaps, contain Decyl Glucoside as a surfactant.


Decyl Glucoside is one of several Non-ionic surfactant found within Alkyl Polyglucosides family.
Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming properties and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl Glucoside is suitable as a co-surfactant in cosmetic cleansing agents.


Decyl Glucoside is also used in baby care and cleansing, liquid soaps, shampoos, facial cleansers, body wipes and shower/bath products.
Decyl Glucoside is a surfactant used as an additive or a co surfactant in skin and hair products, e.g. in soaps, body washes (for cleansing), wetting agents (in perms), foaming agents ( for shampoos), emulsifiers (in creams and lotions), conditioning agents (in skin and hair-care products).


Decyl Glucoside is widely used in many products because it is of plant origin, biodegradable and considered gentle.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of Decyl Glucoside.
Decyl Glucoside is 100% plant-derived, biodegradable and completely ecologically safe.


Decyl Glucoside is one of the best of the New generation of surfactants.
Polyglucose-derived surfactants like the Decyl Glucoside exhibit mildness traits of nonionic, with the foam of an anionic.
Decyl Glucoside is this unique characteristic that enables it to be utilized as both the primary & co-surfactant in formulations.


Decyl Glucoside produces lots of big lather making it very suitable for producing products like bubble bath wash.
When used in formulations, Decyl Glucoside creates a good and stable foam for a non-ionic surfactant and can be used on its own or combined with other surfactants such as Cocamidopropyl Betaine, as this will enhance the smoothness of the foam.


Decyl Glucoside’s fully compatible with anionic, cationic, amphoteric, and other non-ionic surfactants.
As Decyl Glucoside doesn’t dry out the skin, it’s ideal for use in products for sensitive skin, such as baby products and facial cleansers.
This pure, plant surfactant is well tolerated and due to its biodegradability, Decyl Glucoside is harmless to the environment.


Decyl Glucoside can be used in shampoos and body washes and has thickening and foaming properties in cosmetic products.
Decyl Glucoside leaves the skin feeling supple.
Additionally, Decyl Glucoside lowers the potential of irritations of other surfactants, which in turn, increases the tolerance of the cosmetic product.


Decyl Glucoside may also be used in cleansing agents for irritating skin types.
Many natural personal care companies use this Decyl Glucoside because it is plant-derived, biodegradable and gentle for most skin and hair types.
Decyl Glucoside is a surfactant (a cleansing and foaming agent) of plant origin.


Insoluble in oil, Decyl Glucoside should be added to the oily phase of your homemade shower gels or shampoos.
The stable fine foam created by this natural non-ionic surfactant, Decyl Glucoside, is well suited to bubble baths and shower gels.
A wide range of compatibility allows Decyl Glucoside to be combined with other surfactants without reducing the foam stability or volume.


In fact, when used as a co-surfactant Decyl Glucoside can reduce the total amount of foaming ingredients required with no change to the overall performance, gentleness, cleaning effectiveness or volume of foam in the product.
Decyl Glucoside is best used in the oil phase of a recipe.


Decyl Glucoside is primarily used for its surfactant (cleansing) properties.
While most common in facial and body cleansers, you can also find Decyl Glucoside in products such as self-tanners, sunscreens, and liquid foundations where it may function as an emulsion stabiliser.


Decyl Glucoside is obtained from the condensation of glucose + the fatty alcohol decanol, which comes from coconuts.
Its mildness makes Decyl Glucoside popular for use in baby shampoos.
Decyl Glucoside is known for producing desirable foaming properties.


Decyl Glucoside was first used in soaps and body cleansers because of its great foaming power, mildness, and its ability to lather easily and thicken while retaining skin moisture even when used repeatedly; prevent skin dryness.
Decyl Glucoside also improves skin tolerance of a cosmetic formulation.


Decyl Glucoside is classified as a surfactant and this is why it is used in many products that are primarily used for personal hygiene and toiletries.
Decyl Glucoside also helps to moisturize the skin to prevent inflammation and itchiness.
Decyl Glucoside has many other qualities making it compatible with other cleaning chemicals and agents.


Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant that is used as a foaming, cleansing, conditioning, or emulsifying agent.
Decyl Glucoside can be used as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cleansers.
Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.


Decyl Glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Polyglucoses/ sugar derived surfactants like the Decyl Glucoside exhibit mildness traits of nonionics, with the foam of an anionic.
Decyl Glucoside is this unique characteristic that enables it to be utilized as both the primary & co-surfactant in formulations.


-Shampoo and Conditioner:
Decyl Glucoside is used as a primary surfactant in shampoos and conditioners.
Decyl Glucoside helps to cleanse the hair and scalp without stripping them of natural oils.


-Face and Body Washes:
Decyl Glucoside is also used as a primary surfactant in face and body washes.
Decyl Glucoside creates a gentle lather that helps to cleanse the skin without causing irritation.
Baby Products: Because of its mild and gentle nature, Decyl Glucoside is often used in baby products such as shampoos, body washes, and diaper creams.


-Toothpaste:
Decyl Glucoside is used as a foaming agent in natural toothpaste formulations.
Decyl Glucoside helps to create a mild lather that cleans teeth and freshens breath.


-Cleaning Products:
Decyl Glucoside is used as a surfactant in natural cleaning products such as dish soap, laundry detergent, and all-purpose cleaners.
Decyl Glucoside helps to remove dirt and grime without leaving a residue.


-Skin Cleansers & Hand Soap uses of Decyl Glucoside:
Decyl Glucoside is used extensively in soaps, hand soaps, body washes, shampoos, etc., as a foaming agent, cleanser, and stabilizer.
As we mentioned earlier, you may see Decyl Glucoside paired with coco glucoside, which enhances its foaming power.
You can experience Decyl Glucoside on your hands and face, as a makeup remover, for babies, or even to clean pets with our Foaming Wash.


-Baby Products uses of Decyl Glucoside:
Baby products must contain ingredients that are considered very gentle on delicate skin.
Unfortunately, the baby care industry is still awash with petroleum-based cleansers, baby oils, powder, diaper creams, balms, etc.

Many of which also contain petroleum-based surfactants.
Yes, they may be considered “non-irritating” but they’re definitely not non-toxic or all-natural (even if they contain some natural ingredients).

Instead, look for non-toxic surfactants in baby shampoos, soaps, etc., like Decyl Glucoside and coco glucoside.
And note - that even though considered safe, we do recommend rotating products with glucosides used on a baby’s skin with natural saponified soaps to avoid sensitization to any ingredient.


-Decyl Glucoside is used as a surfactant/cleansing agent, it works by lowering the surface tension of the products it’s added to.
This results in the following:
*More effective removal of dirt and oils
*More stable and long-lasting foam
*Enhanced wetting power
*And stabilization of oil and water mixtures
*All plant-derived surfactants have their benefits and limitations, which is why they’re often combined with other surfactants.

Decyl Glucoside, for example, is an excellent foaming agent, but it's foam doesn’t last very long.
That’s why we combine Decyl Glucoside with a comparable non-toxic, natural, non-irritating, non-dioxin-producing, etc., co-surfactant, coco glycoside (from coconuts) in our Concentrate, which has better long-lasting foaming properties.



WHY IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE USED?
In cosmetics and personal care products, Decyl Glucoside
A glucose-containing sugar derivative found widely in plants.
Lauryl Glucoside, Arachidyl Glucoside, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside and Coco-Glucoside are reported to function as surfactants – cleansing agents.
C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside and Cetearyl Glucoside are reported to function as surfactants – emulsifying agents, while Ethyl Glucoside is reported to function as a skin-conditioning agent – humectant
Ingredients that slow the loss of moisture from a product during use.



SKIN CARE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside acts as an emulsifier, creates mild foam, makes the skin smooth and provides hydrating feel.
Decyl Glucoside is used in facial cleansers, liquid body washes, moisturizers, liquid hand soaps, baby soap, baby shampoo, makeup remover, bubble bath, baby bubble bath, exfoliant/scrub, baby wipes, facial moisturizer, serums, bar soap, bath oil/salts/soak, sunscreens, shaving creams



HAIR CARE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is a gentle surfactant that cleanses the scalp and hair of dirt and excess oil without the risk of irritation.
Decyl Glucoside is widely used in baby shampoos, shampoos, conditioner, beard cleansers.
Decyl Glucoside is able to provide a luxurious lather that does not irritate the scalp and used in hair masks as well.
Decyl Glucoside does not strip off the natural oils which makes it a great option for those with dry or curly hair who want to remove buildup and avoid harshly disrupting the scalp's natural oil production.
Decyl Glucoside has superior foaming properties compared with other cleansers and thus helps to add texture or volume to the hair shaft



DECYL GLUCOSIDE AT A GLANCE:
*Primarily used as a surfactant (cleansing agent)
*Known for producing desirable foaming properties in shampoos and cleansers
*Can also function as an emulsion stabiliser
*Deemed safe by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel



SYNTHESIS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is produced by the reaction of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol decanol, which is derived from coconut.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Decyl Glucoside is a naturally derived, biodegradable surfactant with vast uses and benefits because of its natural properties.
Decyl Glucoside lathers easily, making it a suitable ingredient for soaps, shampoos, cleansers, etc.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild agent and non-toxic, making it safe for skincare and personal care products like facial cleansers, liquid body washes, etc.

Its properties as a surfactant allow Decyl Glucoside to remove oils and dirt from formulations by eliminating the surface tension between two liquids.
Decyl Glucoside is derived from natural sources and is biodegradable, making it skin-friendly and eco-friendly.
Its mild, non-toxic, and gentle nature ensures Decyl Glucoside does not cause any rashes or irritation on the skin.
Decyl Glucoside finds its uses as a base-surfactant or co-surfactant in baby products, body washes, shampoos, cleansing lotions, and soaps.



ALTERNATIVES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*COCOGLUCOSIDE,
*SUCROSE COCOATE,
*LAURYL GLUCOSIDE,
*CAPRYLYL CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE



OTHER PROPERTIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE INCLUDE:
1. Mild:
Decyl Glucoside is a mild cleanser and is gentle on the skin and hair.
2. Conditioning:
Decyl Glucoside can provide conditioning benefits to the hair and skin.
3. Non-toxic:
Decyl Glucoside is a non-toxic and non-irritating surfactant.
4. Environmentally friendly:
Being biodegradable, Decyl Glucoside is environmentally friendly and does not harm aquatic life.
5. Compatible with other ingredients:
Decyl Glucoside is compatible with other common skincare ingredients such as moisturizers, vitamins, and botanical extracts.
6. Stable:
Decyl Glucoside is stable in a wide range of pH values and temperatures, making it useful in a variety of products.



SAFETY PROFILE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Comparable to the other alkyl polyglucoside surfactants, Decyl Glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable vegetable origin.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of 19 alkyl glucosides including Decyl Glucoside as used in cosmetics and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated, and are non-irritating.

Since glucoside hydrolases in human skin are likely to break down these ingredients to release their respective fatty acids and glucose, the Panel also reviewed CIR reports on the safety of fatty alcohols and were able to extrapolate data from those previous reports to support safety.
Decyl Glucoside is a gentle cleanser delicate enough even for the delicate, sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside’s considered mild, low toxicity, and eco-friendly, making it a great option to minimize the environmental footprint.



PROPERTIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl glucoside is a gentle, non-ionic surfactant with excellent foaming and emulsifying properties.
Decyl Glucoside is made from renewable raw materials such as corn and coconut and is biodegradable.



WHAT DOES DECYL GLUCOSIDE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsion stabilising
*Foaming
*Surfactant



CHARACTERISTICS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is derived from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl Glucoside allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl Glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.



FUNCTIONS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*Cleansing :
Decyl Glucoside helps to keep a clean surface
*Emulsion stabilising :
Decyl Glucoside promotes the emulsification process and improves the stability and shelf life of the emulsion
*Surfactant :
Decyl Glucoside reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product when it is used.



PROPERTIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*Exceptional foaming properties for a non-ionic surfactant
*Reduces the total active material of the formulas
*Easy to thicken
*Nonirritant (respects the skin's biological balance)
*Eco-friendly
*Specificities
*Ecocert
*Preservative-free
*Quasi Drug



BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
*Approved by ECOCERT
*RSPO certified
*Mild and gentle on the skin
*Sulfate free
*Nonionic



PROPERTIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Decyl Glucoside is very mild co-surfactant compatible with anionic, nonionic & cationic surfactants (also useful as primary surfactant)



HOW IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE MADE?
Decyl Glucoside is produced by the reaction (known as esterification) of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol capric alcohol, which is obtained from coconut and/or palm oil.
The oil, Decyl Glucoside, is split and the resultant fatty acids separated and reacted through a process known as hydrogenolysis to form the fatty alcohol.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE, DID YOU KNOW?
Every chemical component used in consumer products is assigned a unique number known as CAS ( Chemical Abstract Service) Number for easy identification.
Certified organic Decyl Glucoside is represented by the number: 54549-25-6.
You can look for this number when shopping for personal care products to see if those contain Decyl Glucoside.



HOW IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE OBTAINED?
Decyl Glucoside boasts a 100% natural, plant-derived composition that is made of fatty alcohol and glucose.
The fatty alcohol, also known as decyl alcohol or decanol, is generated by hydrogenolysis of the fatty acid extracted from coconuts or palm kernel oils.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE IS SUITABLE FOR ALL SKIN TYPES:
Decyl Glucoside is gentle enough to use on all skin types.
Decyl Glucoside's popular in formulas.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE, NATURALLY FOAMING:
Decyl Glucoside is a foaming surfactant and can aid in creating foaming product formulations, such as bubble bath soap, hand soap, shampoos, facial cleansers, and more!



DECYL GLUCOSIDE, GENTLE CLEANSER:
Decyl Glucoside is a gentle, non-ionic surfactant that can be formulated with other ingredients to thicken liquid cleansers and make from all natural, plant-based ingredients.
Decyl Glucoside cleanses well without drying.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE, BIODEGRADABLE:
Made from plant-derived ingredients, Decyl Glucoside is biodegradable, meaning that it will not pollute the environment!
Decyl Glucoside is able to naturally break down without causing harm to the ecosystem.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE, STABLE:
Decyl Glucoside is water soluble, has a naturally high pH due to its cleansing abilities, but will remain stable in low pH formulations.
Decyl Glucoside is free of fragrance, essential oils, sulfates, or parabens.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE IS EASILY THICKENED WITH:
*non-ionic surfactants
*natural polymers
*xanthan gum 10 to 0.3% (1300)
*carageenan gum 10 to 1.0% (1100)
*carboxy methyl cellulose 10 to 0.8% (1300)
*synthetic polymers
*carbomer 940 10 to 0.5% (3600)



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE SAFE ON SKIN?
Yes!
Decyl Glucoside is one of the safest, gentlest, and most non-irritating surfactants for all skin types.
As previously mentioned, Decyl Glucoside is non-allergenic, non-drying, non-irritating, and EWG-rated “2”.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of 19 alkyl glucosides as used in cosmetics.
They concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be non-irritating.



WHAT IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE MADE FROM?
Decyl Glucoside is a plant-derived substance made from fats, alcohol, and sugars found in palm kernel oils, corn sugars, and coconut.
In chemical terms, Decyl Glucoside is an alkyl glucoside, made from the reaction of glucose from the cornstarch with a fatty alcohol, also called capric alcohol or decyl alcohol, found in palm oils and coconuts.
The oil splits to yield the resultant fatty acids, which are separated and reacted through a process known as hydrogenolysis to form fatty alcohol.



WHAT ARE THE SIDE EFFECTS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Compared to many other alkyl polyglucoside surfactants, Decyl Glucoside is 100% safe due to its non-toxic and biodegradable nature.
Decyl Glucoside comes from a 100% natural vegetable origin.
Decyl Glucoside is gentle and delicate, so much so that it can be used in sprays for fruits and vegetables.

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review expert panel, or the CIR, deemed Decyl Glucoside as completely safe for use, amongst its assessment of nineteen other alkyl glucosides.
However, in rare cases, when the individual is hypersensitive towards Decyl Glucoside, there could be irritation, redness, itching, or burning on the skin.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE SAFE FOR SKIN?
Obtained and processed from 100% natural raw materials, Decyl Glucoside is biodegradable, non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, and non-allergic towards any organs or reproductive health.
Decyl Glucoside is safe for all types of skin - dry, normal, as well as sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild agent that also helps retain the moisture and natural health of the skin.
Remember to rinse Decyl Glucoside off after use.



WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Is Decyl Glucoside A Sulfate?
Often, shampoo and soap manufacturers use "sulfate-free" as an adjective to describe their products' properties.
While the term "SLS-free" might have some truth in it, due to the exclusion of the harmful component - sodium lauryl sulfate, Decyl Glucoside is not sulfate-free.

Decyl Glucoside is made from sodium coco-sulfate, a derivative of the fatty acids found in coconuts, and sodium coco-sulfate is made from a blend of the fatty acids in coconut oil.
Decyl Glucoside is a safer alternative to sodium lauryl sulfate, or SLS, due to its natural origin.
Decyl Glucoside's less irritating to the skin and does not carry any carcinogenic properties.



HOW CAN DECYL GLUCOSIDE BE BENEFICIAL?
Decyl Glucoside has been found to have numerous beneficial qualities and is used for various purposes.
Its neutral property makes Decyl Glucoside compatible with other cleaning chemical agents.
Let's find out what are the benefits of Decyl Glucoside:


1. Decyl Glucoside is used in toiletries and personal hygiene:
Decyl Glucoside is a natural surfactant that lathers quite easily.
This makes Decyl Glucoside one of the primary ingredients used as base-surfactant and co-surfactant in soaps, body and face washes, and cleansers.
The non-toxic, 100% biodegradable, and mild surfactant activity of Decyl Glucoside makes it an ideal washing solution for fruits and vegetables.


2. Decyl Glucoside helps in removing oil and dirt:
Being a surfactant, Decyl Glucoside effectively removes grease and impurities from a surface when used along with water.
This mechanism occurs as Decyl Glucoside can lower the surface tension between the two liquids.


3. Decyl Glucoside is used as an Element/Ingredient in Personal Care Products:
Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant, i.e., categorized in the family of Alkyl Polyglucosides.
Decyl Glucoside helps in hydrating the skin and helps in preventing the drying of the skin.
Incorporating Decyl Glucoside in skincare products increases the skin's ability to tolerate the cosmetic formulations.


4. Safe to be used on sensitive skin:
As derived from all-natural sources, Decyl Glucoside is non-toxic and very skin-friendly.
Its gentle action on the skin makes Decyl Glucoside an ideal ingredient to be used on sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside does not result in any rashes or irritation on the skin.

Decyl Glucoside is also safe to be used on baby skin for its mild properties and the absence of harmful ethylene oxide.
Decyl Glucoside is used in pet products too.
Decyl Glucoside is used as an element/ingredient for hair care products

Its bubbling and foaming property also makes Decyl Glucoside a primary component in shampoos.
Decyl Glucoside is non-drying and is gentle on any texture of hair. Its non-ionic quality helps in maintaining the natural pH of the hair.
Decyl Glucoside is also used in hair mousse to retain moisture in the hair and keeps them frizz-free.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE GOOD FOR YOUR SKIN?
Decyl Glucoside is obtained from 100% natural sources and is safe for all skin types.
Whether you have dry skin, normal or sensitive skin, you can enjoy the benefits of Decyl Glucoside.

Being non-toxic and biodegradable, Decyl Glucoside does not cause any severe harm to the skin.
Decyl Glucoside's mild soapy activity gently cleans all the dirt and impurities from the skin layer.
If you have oily skin and despise the unwanted shine on your face, Decyl Glucoside can help you in effectively washing the grease off your face.

Surfactants are known for their ability to wet a surface.
Decyl Glucoside, being a mild surfactant, can help in hydration of the skin.
Decyl Glucoside is also incorporated in certain anti-aging products because of its ability to wet the dermal layers and reduce wrinkles and fine lines.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE TOXIC?
Comparable to the other Alkyl Polyglucoside Surfactants, Decyl Glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable vegetable origin.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of alkyl polyglucosides including Decyl Glucoside as used in cosmetics and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated, and are nonirritating.

Since glucoside hydrolases in human skin are likely to break down these ingredients to release their respective fatty acids and glucose, the Panel also reviewed CIR reports on the safety of fatty alcohols and were able to extrapolate data from those previous reports to support safety.
Decyl Glucoside is a gentle cleanser delicate enough even for the delicate skin on fruits, such as berries and cherry tomatoes, which is why it is used in Fruit & Veggie Sprays also.



WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE?
Decyl Glucoside is almost 100% safe on the skin compared to other Alkyl polyglucoside.
As stated above, Decyl Glucoside is non-toxic and completely biodegradable because of its 100% natural plant origin.

The experts of the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Panel, also known as the CIR, have accredited Decyl Glucoside is a completely safe ingredient to be used when assessed along with nineteen other alkyl glucosides.
Decyl Glucoside also doesn't have any adverse effects on the body organs or reproductive health.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
Molecular Weight: 320.42 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.4Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 275
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling Point: 476.5±45.0°C at 760 mmHg
HLB Value: 13-15
pH: 11.5-12.5
Solubility: Soluble in water and oil
Viscosity: 1000-2500 mPa.s at 20°C
Appearance: Viscous clear to pale yellow liquid
Solubility: Water
Usage rate: Up to 25%
Charge: Non-ionic
Active surfactant matter: 51 - 55%
pH range: 11 - 12.5
Vegan: Yes
Palm oil: No



FIRST AID MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
*Storage class:



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DECYL GLUCOSIDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

DECYL GLUCOSIDE
Decyl Glucoside comes from corn and coconuts
Decyl Glucoside's natural
Decyl Glucoside's also bidegradable.


CAS NUMBER: 54549-25-6

EC NUMBER: 500-220-1

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C16H32O6

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 320.42 g/mol

IUPAC NAME: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol



Decyl Glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies, including baby shampoo and in products for individuals with a sensitive skin.
Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because it is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types.

Decyl Glucoside is produced by the reaction of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol decanol, which is derived from coconut.
Decyl Glucoside is a glucose-based surfactant commonly used in shampoos and body washes.

Decyl Glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant
Decyl Glucoside can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.

Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Therefore it is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.

Decyl Glucoside is derived from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl Glucoside allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).

Decyl Glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.

Decyl Glucoside is a naturally derived
Decyl Glucoside is non-ionic surfactant or surface-active agent
Decyl Glucoside commonly found in personal care products like shampoos, body washes, cleansers, liquid hand soaps, etc.

What Is Decyl Glucoside Made From?
Decyl Glucoside is a plant-derived substance made from fats, alcohol, and sugars found in palm kernel oils, corn sugars, and coconut.
In chemical terms, Decyl Glucoside is an alkyl glucoside, made from the reaction of glucose from the cornstarch with a fatty alcohol

Decyl Glucoside is also called capric alcohol or decyl alcohol
Decyl Glucoside found in palm oils and coconuts.

What Are The Benefits Of Decyl Glucoside?
Decyl Glucoside is a naturally derived, biodegradable surfactant with vast uses and benefits because of its natural properties.

Decyl Glucoside lathers easily, making it a suitable ingredient for soaps, shampoos, cleansers, etc.
Decyl Glucoside is a mild agent and non-toxic, making it safe for skincare and personal care products like facial cleansers, liquid body washes, etc.

Decyl Glucoside's properties as a surfactant allow decyl glucoside to remove oils and dirt from formulations by eliminating the surface tension between two liquids.
Decyl Glucoside is derived from natural sources and is biodegradable, making it skin-friendly and eco-friendly.

Decyl Glucoside's mild, non-toxic, and gentle nature ensures decyl glucoside does not cause any rashes or irritation on the skin.
Decyl Glucoside finds its uses as a base-surfactant or co-surfactant in baby products, body washes, shampoos, cleansing lotions, and soaps.

Decyl Glucoside is made from sodium coco-sulfate
Decyl Glucoside is a derivative of the fatty acids found in coconuts, and sodium coco-sulfate is made from a blend of the fatty acids in coconut oil.

Decyl Glucoside is a safer alternative to sodium lauryl sulfate, or SLS, due to its natural origin.
Decyl Glucoside's less irritating to the skin and does not carry any carcinogenic properties

Decyl Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant that is used as a foaming, cleansing, conditioning, or emulsifying agent.
Decyl Glucoside can be used as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cleansers.

Decyl Glucoside has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl Glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.

Decyl Glucoside has an excellent foaming capacity and is very skin-friendly.
Decyl Glucoside is often used on just any skin type and is a suitable co-surfactant in many cleansing products.

Decyl Glucoside is considered ideal for sensitive skin types.
Decyl Glucoside is used alongside glucosides to enhance foaming and skin conditioning properties.

Decyl Glucoside helps in removing dirt, oil and hydrates the skin/scalp well.
Decyl Glucoside has emulsifying properties and nourishes the body well.
In hair care preparations, Decyl Glucoside helps removing buildup without stripping hair of color or natural oils.

Skin care: Decyl Glucoside acts as an emulsifier, creates mild foam, makes the skin smooth and provides hydrating feel.
Decyl Glucoside is used in facial cleansers, liquid body washes, moisturizers, liquid hand soaps, baby soap, baby shampoo, makeup remover, bubble bath, baby bubble bath, exfoliant/scrub, baby wipes, facial moisturizer, serums, bar soap, bath oil/salts/soak, sunscreens, shaving creams

Hair care: Decyl Glucoside is a gentle surfactant that cleanses the scalp and hair of dirt and excess oil without the risk of irritation.
Decyl Glucoside is widely used in baby shampoos, shampoos, conditioner, beard cleansers.

Decyl Glucoside is able to provide a luxurious lather that does not irritate the scalp and used in hair masks as well.
Decyl Glucoside does not strip off the natural oils which makes it a great option for those with dry or curly hair who want to remove buildup and avoid harshly disrupting the scalp's natural oil production.
Decyl Glucoside has superior foaming properties compared with other cleansers and thus helps to add texture or volume to the hair shaft

Decyl Glucoside is an ingredient derived from plant-derived substances made from fats, sugars, and alcohols commonly found in corn sugars, coconuts, and palm oils.
Chemically, Decyl Glucoside is an alkyl glucoside made from a glucose reaction from the corn starch with fatty alcohol.
Decyl Glucoside is also known as decyl alcohol as it is found in palm oils and coconuts.


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 320.42 g/mol

-XLogP3-AA: 2.4

-Exact Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol

-Monoisotopic Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.4Ų

-Physical Description: Clear brown viscous liquid with a mild odor

-Color: Clear brown

-Form: Vicous Liquid

-Odour: Mild odor

-Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3

-Boiling Point: 476.5±45.0 °C

-Vapour Pressure: 0.0±2.7 mmHg

-Enthalpy of Vaporization: 85.3±6.0 kJ/mol

-Flash Point: 242.0±28.7 °C

-Index of Refraction: 1.512

-Molar Refractivity: 83.6±0.4 cm3


Decyl Glucoside is a plant-based surfactant
Decyl Glucoside usually appears as a clear liquid with a mild sweet fatty aroma

Decyl Glucoside is found in many cleaning products, soaps and cleansers.
Decyl Glucoside is used in personal care and cleaning products


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6

-Rotatable Bond Count: 11

-Heavy Atom Count: 22

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 275

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

-Chemical Classes: Biological Agents -> Polysaccharides


Decyl Glucoside is derived from glucose (from corn or potato) and decyl alcohol (from coconut or palm).
Decyl Glucoside's what's known as a non-ionic surfactant, which means the molecules have no charge and help deliver non-streak cleaning.
Decyl Glucoside also contributes to lather, wetting and suspension of soils in products like shampoo, body wash, bubble bath, wool wash and facial cleansers.

Decyl Glucoside is a mild and natural
Decyl Glucoside is vegan and plant-derived

Decyl Glucoside is also biodegradable
Decyl Glucoside is non-toxic

Decyl Glucoside is sustainable surfactant suitable for the most delicate skin.
Decyl Glucoside belongs to the alkyl glucosides family of surfactants

Decyl Glucoside is commonly used as a non-toxic and eco-friendly alternative to conventional sulfates (like sodium laurel sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate).
Decyl Glucoside is used in most cleaning products, personal care products, soaps, laundry detergents, and hair care.

Decyl Glucoside is used extensively in:
-Natural cleaning products
-Laundry products
-Skincare products (cleansers, creams, make-up remover, etc.)
-Shampoos
-Conditioners
-Soaps
-Body Washes
-Baby care products
-As a plant-based surfactant, it's naturally biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly.


ADVANTAGES:
Decyl Glucoside is 100% natural
Decyl Glucoside comes from 100% renewable, biodegradable, vegan resources.
Decyl Glucoside does not bioaccumulate.
Decyl Glucoside leaves no residue as do saponified natural soaps
Decyl Glucoside is mild, gentle, and non-drying, making it ideal for even the most delicate skin.
Decyl Glucoside's non-irritating, non-allergenic, non-carcinogenic, and non-toxic.
Decyl Glucoside works great as a fruit and veggie wash
Decyl Glucoside's safe enough for babies and pets
Decyl Glucoside can be combined with other non-toxic surfactants to enhance cleaning power.
Decyl Glucoside does not harm the environment or waterways
Decyl glucoside helps create a non-toxic and highly effective end product with serious cleaning and foaming power.


Decyl glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant with exceptional foaming properties, gentle for the skin.
Decyl glucoside is a clear golden liquid, viscous

Decyl glucoside is odorless,
Decyl glucoside is soluble in water with a pH value of 7.0-9.5

Natural, mild, and with an excellent sensory profile, it's an ideal ingredient for liquid soap, foaming cleanser, or makeup remover.
Decyl glucoside exhibits outstanding foaming behavior with dense and creamy foam bubbles.

Decyl Glucoside Properties:
*Exceptional foaming properties for a non-ionic surfactant
*Reduces the total active material of the formulas
*Easy to thicken
*Nonirritant (respects the skin's biological balance)
*Eco-friendly

Decyl glucoside is primarily used as a surfactant (cleansing agent)
Decyl glucoside also known for producing desirable foaming properties in shampoos and cleansers

Decyl glucoside can also function as an emulsion stabiliser
Decyl glucoside helps properly disperse the ingredients, and ensure easy rinsing and removal of residue.

Decyl Glucoside is a type of surfactant that works as a solubilizer, emulsifier, and a foaming detergent.
Decyl glucoside's a popular form of alkyl polyglucoside, which is a relatively new type of surfactant made from reacting fatty alcohol with cornstarch.


SYNONYMS:

68515-73-1
Decyl glucoside
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol
Decyl D-glucopyranoside
Decyl D-glucoside
54549-25-6
141464-42-8
decyl-d-glucoside
D-Glucopyranoside, decyl
1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside
Glucoside, decyl
decyl glucopyranoside
EINECS 259-218-1
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
C16H32O6
41444-55-7
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol
Capryl glycoside
MFCD23103077
Caprylyl glycoside
AC1MHWFS
C16-H32-O6
D-Glucoside, decyl
Decyl D- glucoside
n-decyl-d-glucopyranoside
Glucopyranoside, decyl, D-
UNII-E00JL9G9K0
SCHEMBL43196
Caprylyl/capryl oligoglucoside
DTXSID30893008
AKOS016004985
DS-3841
AK102442
EC 500-220-1
500-220-1
A867031
W-111093
W-203522
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL
197236-02-5
6801-91-8
Decyl D-glucopyranoside
Decyl glucoside
D-Glucopyranoside, decyl
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Capryl glycoside
Capryl/Caprylyl Glycoside
Caprylyl glycoside
decyl D-glucoside
D-Glucopyranose,oligomeric, C8-16-alkyl glycosides
D-Glucose decyl octyl ether
D-Glucose decyl octyl ether, oligomeric
DS-3841
Glucoside, decyl
n-Decyl-?-D-Glucoside
n-Decyl-D-glucopyranoside
DECYL GLUCOSIDE
DECYL GLUCOSIDE. N° CAS : 54549-25-6; 58846-77-8; 141464-42-8; 68515-73-1 - Décyl glucoside, Origine(s) : Végétale, Synthétique. Autres langues : Decylglucosid, Glucósido de decilo, Nom INCI : DECYL GLUCOSIDE. Nom chimique : D-Glucoside, Decyl. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 259-218-1, Classification : Tensioactif non ionique. Le décyl glucoside est un tensioactif non ionique très utilisé dans les produits naturels. Il s'emploie la plupart du temps en co-tensioactif avec du Coco Betaine (tensioactif amphotère) et du coco Glucoside (tensioactif non ionique). Peu agressif, il est fabriqué à partir de sucre et de coco. Il est adapté aux peaux les plus sensibles comme celles de bébé. Il est autorisé en bio.Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. ALKYL ETHER OF CORN SUGAR Alkyl polyglucoside Alkyl polyglycoside Alkylpolyglucoside C8-10 Alkylpolyglycoside APG APG_C8-10 C8-10 Alkyl Polyglucoside Caprylyl/myristyl glucoside D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, C8-10 glycosides D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides (n=1.5) D-Glucopyranose, oligomers, decyl octyl glycoside D-Glucose decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric D-Glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric D-Glucose, decyl, octyl ethers, oligomeric Decyl Glucoside Decyl-D Glucoside
DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE)
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is produced by the reaction (known as esterification) of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol capric alcohol, which is obtained from coconut and/or palm oil.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent dermal compatibility
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.


CAS Number: 54549-25-6
EC Number: 259-218-1
MDL Number: MFCD23103077
Chem/IUPAC Name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Chemical formula: C16H32O6



SYNONYMS:
Decyl β-D-glucopyranoside, (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, 68515-73-1, Decyl glucoside, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol, Decyl D-glucopyranoside, Decyl D-glucoside, 54549-25-6, 141464-42-8, D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol, Capryl glycoside, MFCD23103077, Caprylyl glycoside, decyl glucopyranoside, EINECS 259-218-1, C16H32O6, n-decyl-d-glucopyranoside, D-Glucose decyl octyl ether, SCHEMBL43196, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL, APG0814, DTXSID30893008, AKOS016004985, DS-3841, DB-187061, DB-336025, A867031, W-111093, W-203522, APG0810, D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides, (C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar, alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside, DECYL OCTYL D-GLUCOSE, D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric, Decyl-octyl glycosides oligomer, Octyldecyl Glucoside, Alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside, APG0810, (C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides, D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric, Decyl D-glucopyranoside, Decyl D-glucoside, Decyl octyl d-glucose, Caprylyl/Decyl Glucoside, Glucopon 215 UP, Unipon 215, D-Glucose Decyl Octyl Ether, Oligomeric Capryl/Caprylyl Glycoside, APG0810,D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides,(C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar,alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside,DECYL OCTYL D-GLUCOSE,D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric,Decyl-octyl glycosides oligomer,Octyldecyl Glucoside, Decyl glucoside, 141464-42-8, 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside, Decyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, Decyl .alpha.-D-glucopyranoside, Decyl hexopyranoside, (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL, SCHEMBL22691938, DTXSID80860442, BCP34657, MCULE-8296703800, NS00002371, n-decyl glucoside, n-decyl D-glucoside, DECYL D-GLUCOSIDE, n-decyl D-glucopyranoside, D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE,DECYL, DECYL D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, Decyl D-glucoside, decyl D-glucopyranoside, decyl D-glucoside, decyl dextro-glucoside, D- glucopyranoside, decyl, decyl D-glucoside D-Glucopyranoside, decyl Einecs 259-218-1, APG10 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside, C10 Alkyl glucoside, APG10, Einecs 259-218-1, decyl D-glucoside, C10 Alkyl glucoside, D-Glucopyranoside, decyl, 1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside,



Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a surfactant (a cleansing and foaming agent) of plant origin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is produced by the reaction (known as esterification) of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol capric alcohol, which is obtained from coconut and/or palm oil.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) functions as a mild and gentle cleanser, emulsifier, and foaming agent.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types .
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies .


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types .
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-ionic surfactant widely utilized in personal care and household products.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is derived from renewable plant sources and possesses excellent biodegradability and low toxicity.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) functions as a mild and gentle cleanser, emulsifier, and foaming agent.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) effectively removes dirt and oils without causing skin irritation, making it suitable for sensitive skin formulations.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is produced by the reaction (known as esterification) of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol capric alcohol, which is obtained from coconut and/or palm oil.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) combines excellent foaming and hydrotroping properties of Caprylyl/capryl glucoside and superior emulsifying and thickening properties of Lauryl Glucoside.
This versatile ingredient, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and natural cleaning products, providing effective cleansing while maintaining a gentle and environmentally-friendly profile.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic products, including baby shampoo and for people with sensitive skin.
Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is plant-derived, biodegradable and gentle on all hair types.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a material that is easy to thicken and has excellent lathering properties.
Free of ethoxylates, sulphates and preservatives.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) improves the foam quality and adds softness and clarity to formulas.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is compatible with many other surfactants, thickeners and even cationic conditioning polymers.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is gentle on skin and hair.
As an APG product, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is mild and readily biodegradable.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a versatile, plant-based surfactant that is produced from coconuts and cornstarch.
The carbon chain length used to make Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is 60% C8-C10 and 40% C12-C14.
By reacting decyl alcohol with cyclic glucose, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is drawn out of sugars and fatty acids by a process known as esterification.


With a viscosity level of 1000-2500 (mPa•s, 20℃), Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) produces the fastest, wealthiest foam, but the foam also disappears quickly as compared to other Glucosides.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is cold processable and suitable for transparent formulations.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) also named decylbeta- d-glucopyranoside, belongs to the alkyl glucosides family and is obtained by condensation of the fatty alcohol decyl alcohol and a d-glucose polymer.
This nonionic surfactant and cleansing agent has been widely used for several years, due to Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s foaming power and good tolerance in rinse-off products such as shampoos, hair dyes and colors, and soaps.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a nonionic surfactant with good foaming properties and mild to the eyes and skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is obtained from 100% renewable raw materials, through a combination of plant based fatty alcohol, decanol which is derived from coconut and glucose (corn starch).


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a mild, and gentle, surfactant because it does not dry the skin out.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s low viscosity also enhances the fluidity of your formulation.
To speak in terms of chemistry, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a type of the alkyl glucoside that forms after a reaction of the Decyl alcohol or Capric alcohol and glucose.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a biodegradable plant derivative that is completely natural.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is made from natural resources by blending the fatty alcohol found in coconut with the glucose found in starch and sugar.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-ionic surfactant that is found in most skincare and hair care products.


Surfactants are ingredients that attract dirt and oil so that you can rinse them off of your skin or hair.
Soaps and shampoos are all surfactants.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a natural, non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier, ideal for all foaming and cleansing products.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a combination of plant based fatty alcohols (coconut c8-16) and glucose.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), with the chemical formula C16H32O6 and CAS registry number 68515-73-1, is a compound commonly used in the production of personal care and household cleaning products.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a thick, slightly yellowish, turbid liquid.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is moderate and delicate, making it suitable for persons with sensitive skin.
Have you ever wondered why your bath, baby, cleaning, and hair care products lather so much?


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s due to surfactants.
Surfactants are essential in the beauty business.
Many skincare and haircare products contain it.


Surfactants are chemical substances that aid in the reduction of surface tension between liquids and solids, liquids and gases, and between two liquids.
The name surfactant comes from the phrase “surface-active-agent.”
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an alkylglycoside non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), also known as capryl/caprylyl glucoside, is derived from combination of coconut fatty alcohols and corn starch glucose.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a nonionic surfactant, with excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility, that is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an alkyl glucoside.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a, natural, non-ionic surfactant, ideal for all foaming and cleansing products.
Like Coco Glucoside, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is , obtained from renewable raw materials, through a combination of plant based fatty alcohols (coconut c8-16) and glucose (sugar / starch).


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a mild, and gentle, surfactant and because it does not dry the skin it is ideal for the formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry products.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is comparable to the other Alky Polyglucoside Surfactants (Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside (c8-10), Coco Glucoside (c8-16), and Lauryl Glucoside (c12-16)) all being the combination of the glucoside and select fatty alcohols.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) generates an exceptional foam for a nonionic surfactant, whatever the conditions.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) produces a very satisfactory level of foam, comparable with that obtained using conventional anionic surfactants.


Moreover, the foam obtained is particularly stable, which is an advantage for the formulation of bubble baths and shower gels.
The foam generated is fine and stable.
In contrast, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s touch is not comparable with that of a foam obtained using anionic surfactants.


Furthermore, because of its wide range of compatibility, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be combined with all types of surfactants without reducing foam volume or stability.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) does not contain any impurities.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s chemical nature and the production process results in a surfactant without ethylene oxide or 1,4-dioxane and is suitable for baby, and pet, products.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-ionic liquid surfactant synthesised from fatty acids and glucose obtained from Sugars from Fruits and Vegetables.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a material derived from nature that can be found in a variety of cosmetics.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s made from coconuts and is considered safe to use on the skin with a low risk profile.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is easily biodegradable, environmentally friendly and compatible with all surfactants, whatever their nature or pH range, making it easy to use in all your cleansing formulations.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a gentle non-ionic surfactant made from coconut oil and sugar.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is amber viscous liquid.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a nonionic surfactant, made from natural raw materials.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is very mild and readily biodegradable.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a glucose alkyl ether that contains 60% active matter and is ECOCERT Certified, preservative free and free of impurities.


In addition to being an excellent, gentle cleansing surfactant in your skin care products, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is also a highly effective solubilizing agent for essential oils and fragrances as well as cationic surfactants.
Due to this dual purpose, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an excellent choice for the formulation of foaming aromatherapy products.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) combines well with other glucosides to make a complete foaming shower gel / shampoo.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) gives a nice balance of flash foam and denser foam.
To increase foam density add coco and Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)s.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-ionic surfactant belonging to the family of Alkyl Polyglucosides.
The natural raw materials, plant starch and fatty alcohols, ensure that Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is perfectly biodegradable.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Therefore Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a colorless and transparent liquid.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be easily dissolved with water.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a biodegradable nonionic surfactant derived from Cocos nucifera (coconut) and/or RSPO Palm and is an aqueous solution of a C8-C16 fatty alcohol polyglucoside.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a nonionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies, including baby shampoo and in products for individuals with a sensitive skin.


Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) was invented by Robert Prairie in 1934.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent dermal compatibility
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is vegetable Origin and Palm Free


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a surfactant used as an additive or a co-surfactant in skin and hair products, e.g. in soaps, body washes (for cleansing), wetting agents (in perms), foaming agents ( for shampoos), emulsifiers (in creams and lotions), conditioning agents (in skin and hair-care products).
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is widely used in many “natural” products because it is of plant origin, biodegradable and considered gentle.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) contains 1% sorbitan sesquioleate as emulsifier.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is primarily used for its surfactant (cleansing) properties.
While most common in facial and body cleansers, you can also find Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) in products such as self-tanners, sunscreens, and liquid foundations where it may function as an emulsion stabiliser.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is obtained from the condensation of glucose + the fatty alcohol decanol, which comes from coconuts.
Its mildness makes Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) popular for use in baby shampoos.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is known for producing desirable foaming properties.


As a raw material, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is described as a water-soluble, clear to slightly hazy yellow or amber viscous liquid.
In 2013, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel deemed Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) “safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.”


Their report looked at rinse-off products containing up to 33% and only up to 2% for leave-on formulas.
Alkyl glucoside ingredients are formed by reacting an alcohol or mixtures of alcohols (that vary by carbon chain length) with a cyclic form of the sugar, glucose or glucose polymers.


For example Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is formed by reacting a 10 carbon chain alcohol, decyl alcohol, with a cyclic form of glucose.
Other alkyl glucoside ingredients that may be used in cosmetics include Arachidyl Glucoside, C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside, Cetearyl Glucoside, Coco-Glucoside, Ethyl Glucoside and Lauryl Glucoside.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is not harmful and has a lower skin irritation level compared to other surfactants.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an organic compound (C16H32O6) that is obtained from nature.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a mild non-ionic surfactant that has gained popularity in the cosmetic and hair care industry.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a 100% biodegradable ingredient that is derived from plants.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is synthesized following a reaction between glucose obtained from corn starch and the fatty alcohol decanol extracted from coconuts.


Due to its absolute organic composition, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has become one of the most used ingredients in personal care products such as cleansers, body washes, and shampoos.
Its 'non-ionic' property signifies that Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has a neutral charge and can lower water's surface and produce foam.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has been seen to be skin-friendly.
Its mildness makes it suitable to be used even on sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) also known as caprylyl glucoside is a natural-origin, vegetable-based surfactant obtained from corn and natural oils.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a clear to light-yellow, viscous liquid.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a glucose alkyl ether that contains 60% active matter and is ECOCERT certified, preservative free and free from impurities.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-ionic surfactant with exceptional foaming properties, gentle for the skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a clear golden liquid, viscous, with no odor, and soluble in water with a pH value of 7.0-9.5 (10% actives).
This foaming surfactant, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), is plant-derived, ECOCERT-certified, and preservative-free.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-irritant and naturally derived foaming agent obtained from renewable raw materials such as vegetable oil and starch.
Respecting the skin's biological balance and the environment, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an ideal foaming surfactant for "green" hygiene and hair formulas!


Natural, mild, and with an excellent sensory profile, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s an ideal ingredient for liquid soap, foaming cleanser, or makeup remover.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) exhibits outstanding foaming behavior with dense and creamy foam bubbles.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a new type of nonionic surfactant alkyl glycoside (APG).
Starch-based surfactants have become one of the major research topics of scholars at home and abroad since the 1980s, and alkyl glycosides are the most active research field and development focus.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is widely used in the following areas, personal care products and household detergents: such as shampoo, body-cleanser, cream rinses, hand sanitizer and dishwashing, etc
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be widely used in personal care products, and formulations which require thickening effects, because its unique performance in cleaning, emulsifying and thickening.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is commonly used in foaming and cleansing products, often by natural personal care companies due to being plant derived and biodegradable.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) was used in Cosmetic Raw Materials, Detergent Raw Materials, Hair Care Chemicals.


Cosmetic Uses of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside): cleansing agents, emulsion stabilisers, and surfactants.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used in products for individuals with sensitive skin and in baby shampoos .
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) complies with ECOCERT and COSMOS standards.


A water-miscible non-ionic surfactant used in a wide range of applications including hard surface and high performance cleaners, cosmetics, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent wetting and excellent grease removal properties, dissolves quickly, has no gel range and rinses well.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is commonly used as a water-soluble emulsifier.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used in various cosmetic formulations due to their gentleness and safety on sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) produces an excellent and stable foam.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used as a co-surfactant, can reduce the total active requirements of other foaming ingredients, without altering their performance; cleansing effectiveness, foam volume, and ease of thickening, are all maintained while improving on the mild, and gentle, nature of the final formulation.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s known as a “surfactant” in cosmetics and is commonly used in soaps and cleansers due to its natural foaming reaction when it comes into contact with water.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s a considerably safer alternative to sulphates, which are responsible for the foamy properties of shampoos, soaps, and other cleaning products.


Sulfates, on the other hand, can be harsh, removing essential oils from the skin and scalp far too effectively.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a gentle cleanser that's found in many cosmetic formulas, notably those for sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s made from plants, biodegradable, and skin-friendly.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is useful in hair care products where it helps to cleanse the hair without drying it out.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be used in combination with other glucosides to improve the foaming and conditioning properties of the skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is very effective when used in ionic formulations to increase foam depth and emulsifying properties.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is very useful in bath foams, shower gels and shampoos when you want to increase the foaminess of the product without compromising the natural formulation.
Concentrations ranging from 2% to 20% are used, depending on whether Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used as a primary or secondary surfactant.


For example: 10% to 20% (in face wash), 15% to 30% (shower gel, bath foam, shampoo).
Maximum recommended concentration of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is up to 40%.
In paints and coatings, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used to increase the wetting effect of the surface in order to achieve better adhesion to the surface, while at the same time facilitating the mixing of the fatty phase ingredients with the aqueous phase ingredients.


In Personal Care cleansing products it's used as secondary surfactant and known for Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s mildness, foaming performance and ability to reduce irritation.
For cleaning products, due to it's caustic stability and solubility in highly concentrated salt, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be used for caustic, neutral and acidic hard surface cleaners for Homecare and Institutional Cleaning.


In agriculture, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used to spray fields and plants with a variety of products in order to increase the efficiency of uptake through the leaves.
Alkyl polyglucoside is analogous to polyglucosides in plant cell membranes and therefore wets the leaf surface, making Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) easier for the spray to adhere and stay on the leaf, thus increasing contact time and uptake efficiency.


At the same time, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) allows a more even distribution of the active substances, which are often hydrophobic and tend to persist in two different phases.
In the textile industry, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used to clean heavily contaminated fabrics from soiling of fatty or protein origin.


In the paper industry, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used in the formulation of paper to obtain better adhesion, denser structure.
In school experiments, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used in surface wetting experiments, 'magic milk' art experiments.
In scientific research, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used to study the permeability of cell membranes, since APG is naturally found in cells of plant origin.


Applications of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside): Body Lotions, Body Washes, Cleaning sprays, Fabric conditioning, Fabric detergents, Facial Masks, Hair Conditioners, Institutional Surface Cleaners, Laundry detergent, Manual dish soap, Mascaras, Shampoos, Shaving Cream, Shower Gels, Skin/Sun Creams, Soaps, Surface cleaner, Vehicle & Boat Cleaning


Like many concentrated surfactants, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) will change from solid to liquid depending on the ambient temperature and conditions. In winter and when Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is stored in cold environments this may become grainy or even set to a white solid.
During summer Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a pourable liquid.


This nonionic surfactant and cleansing agent has been widely used for several years, due to Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s foaming power and good tolerance in rinse-off products such as shampoos, hair dyes and colors, and soaps.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is also employed in leave-on products such as no-rinsing cleansing milks, lotions, and several sunscreen agents and is contained as a stabilizing surfactant of organic microparticles in sunscreen agent Tinosorb.


Applications of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside): body washes, shampoos, bubble baths, cleansing lotions, cleansing creams, hand soaps, baby products, hair conditioners, cream rinses.
This non-ionic surfactant, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), is derived from natural sources, specifically glucose and fatty alcohols.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is known for its excellent foaming and cleansing properties, making it a popular ingredient in shampoos, body washes, and dishwashing detergents.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is considered to be a mild and gentle surfactant, suitable for sensitive skin.


These changes don't damage Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) but in order to get the most out of it we recommend heating and mixing to ensure what you decant is a true representation of the whole blend.
Failure to mix may result in the solids falling to the bottom meaning your top 1/3 bottle will be weaker than 50% active and the bottom stronger.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is biodegradable and environmentally friendly, making it a preferred choice in the formulation of eco-friendly products.
Overall, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a versatile compound that plays a crucial role in the development of effective and sustainable cleaning and personal care solutions.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is widely used in personal care products and formulations which require thickening effects, because of its unique performance in cleaning, emulsifying and thickening.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is generally used in shampoo, bubble bath, cleaning lotion, dished detergent, because of its excellent mildness, foaming performance and ability to reduce irritation.
Applications of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside): Body washes, shampoos, bubble baths, cleansing lotions, hand soaps, baby products, cream rinses.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-ionic surfactant that is used as a foaming, cleansing, conditioning, or emulsifying agent.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be used as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cleansers.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-ionic plant derived , biodegradable surfactant that carries the goodness of coconuts and cornstarch from which it is extracted by esterification.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used both as an emollient and as a surfactant by various industries.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent foaming capacity and is light and gentle on the skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be used as the sole surfactant or co-surfactant in cleaning formulas.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is therefore suitable for use as a base surfactant or co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) acts as a cleanser in cosmetic products.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps remove dirt, oil and other pollutants from the skin surface.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) gives the product foaming potential.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps soften and moisturize the skin surface.


The usage rate of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) varies between 1% and 10% depending on the demonstrative effect of the product and its interaction with other substances.
The usage rate varies between 1% and 10% depending on the demonstrative effect of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) and its interaction with other substances.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) acts as a cleanser in cosmetic products.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps remove dirt, oil and other pollutants from the skin surface.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) gives the product foaming potential.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps soften and moisturize the skin surface.
Insoluble in oil, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) should be added to the oily phase of your homemade shower gels or shampoos.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a glucose-based surfactant commonly used in shampoos and body washes.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a type of surfactant that works as a solubilizer, emulsifier, and a foaming detergent.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s a popular form of alkyl polyglucoside, which is a relatively new type of surfactant made from reacting fatty alcohol with cornstarch.


This reaction creates a highly biodegradable solution that is tolerant to electrolytes.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) comes from renewable, biodegradable, and plant-derived raw materials.
As such, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s ideal for cleansing products where mildness and environmental concerns are important.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s often found in baby shampoo, sensitive skin formulations, and green or natural health products.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a colorless and transparent liquid.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be easily dissolved with water.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is split and the resultant fatty acids separated and reacted through a process known as hydrogenolysis to form the fatty alcohol.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has great foaming properties and is considered Mild.


Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be used as the primary surfactant or can be a co-surfactant in cleansing formulas.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is not is comparable with that of a foam obtained using anionic surfactants.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is often an attractive choice for shampoos and other personal care cleaning applications because it has desirable foaming properties.


Consumers often see foam as an essential part of the cleaning process, and Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) produces voluminous foam that has an excellent stability in personal care applications.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) and the other alkyl glucoside ingredients may be used in baby products, bath products, cleansing products, skin care products, eye makeup and hair care products including hair dyes and colors.


-Cosmetic Applications of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is primarily recognized in the cosmetic industry.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a mild non-ionic surfactant, frequently used in rinse-off and leave-on cosmetics, especially for individuals with sensitive skin due to its good tolerance.

Originating from plant sources and being biodegradable, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is derived from the reaction of glucose from corn starch with fatty alcohol from coconut oil.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s resurgence in recent years is attributed to its eco-friendly character and low irritancy and allergenicity, making it a component in various cosmetic products.


-Industrial and Chemical Applications of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside):
In the industrial sector, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) shows promising results as a corrosion inhibitor for magnesium–air batteries.
Studies demonstrate Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s effectiveness in reducing the corrosion rate of Mg in battery electrolyte, significantly improving battery performance.
Moreover, the synthesis of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) using zeolite catalysts has been explored, indicating its potential in various industrial applications.


-Biochemical Research of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside):
In biochemical research, alkyl glucosides like Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) are used as solubilizing agents for membrane proteins.
Their non-denaturing properties and ease of removal by dialysis make them ideal for research in membrane biology.
They have also been studied for their binding interactions with proteins like bovine serum albumin, providing insights into detergent-protein interactions.


-Biotechnological Applications of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside):
In biotechnology, the transformation of methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside to higher chain alkyl glucosides using Pichia etchellsii cells has been investigated.
This research highlights the potential of using microbial cells for the synthesis of long-chain alkyl glucosides, offering a biotechnological approach for producing these compounds.


-Surface and Colloid Chemistry uses of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is also significant in surface and colloid chemistry. Studies on the distribution and aggregation of decyl β-D-glucoside in hydrocarbon and water systems reveal its properties as a surfactant.
Understanding the interactions of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) in such systems is crucial for its applications in diverse fields, including pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.


-Electrochemistry uses of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside):
In electrochemistry, the influence of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) on the electrodeposition of tin has been explored.
This study provides insights into how Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), as a surface active agent, can modify the kinetics and morphology of tin deposits, indicating its potential in electroplating and surface coating technologies


-Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic cleansing preparations.
- Shampoo
- Bubble bath
- Cleaning lotion
- Shower gel
- Hand and face cleansers


-Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic cleansing preparations.
◇ Shampoo
◇ Bubble bath
◇ Cleaning lotion
◇ shower gel
◇ Hand and face cleansers



WHAT IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) USED FOR?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has an excellent foaming capacity and is very skin-friendly.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is often used on just any skin type and is a suitable co-surfactant in many cleansing products.

Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is considered ideal for sensitive skin types.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used alongside glucosides to enhance foaming and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps in removing dirt, oil and hydrates the skin/scalp well.

Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has emulsifying properties and nourishes the body well.
In hair care preparations, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps removing buildup without stripping hair of color or natural oils.


*Skin care:
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) acts as an emulsifier, creates mild foam, makes the skin smooth and provides hydrating feel.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used in facial cleansers, liquid body washes, moisturizers, liquid hand soaps, baby soap, baby shampoo, makeup remover, bubble bath, baby bubble bath, exfoliant/scrub, baby wipes, facial moisturizer, serums, bar soap, bath oil/salts/soak, sunscreens, shaving creams


*Hair care:
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a gentle surfactant that cleanses the scalp and hair of dirt and excess oil without the risk of irritation.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is widely used in baby shampoos, shampoos, conditioner, beard cleansers.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is able to provide a luxurious lather that does not irritate the scalp and used in hair masks as well.

Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) does not strip off the natural oils which makes it a great option for those with dry or curly hair who want to remove buildup and avoid harshly disrupting the scalp's natural oil production.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has superior foaming properties compared with other cleansers and thus helps to add texture or volume to the hair shaft



WHAT IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) USED FOR?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a mild cleanser used in cosmetic formulations and can be applied to sensitive skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can increase the foaming capacities of skin care and hair care products.

Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) acts as an emulsifier that allows mixing of water and essential oils.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can blend dense oils like carrier oils in your product.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used at a maximum concentration of 40% and is found at 10-20% in face washes and 15-30% in shower gels and shampoos.

In addition to being an excellent, gentle cleansing surfactant in skin care products, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is also a highly effective solubilizing agent for essential oils and fragrances as well as cationic surfactants.
Due to this dual purpose, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an excellent choice for the formulation of foaming aromatherapy products.



BENEFITS AND USES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is one of the most sought-after ingredients to be put to use in formulating anti-dandruff shampoos, eczema creams, moisturizers, mild shampoos, etc.
Its influence is ubiquitous primarily because Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) forms a stable foam, is a humectant, and is particularly gentle to be used in any personal care products.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has garnered attention in recent times for its use in fruit and vegetable washes due to its mild cleansing action.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) also forms the base of most of the makeup removers or micellar waters.



HOW DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) WORKS:
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) lowers the surface tension of products it is added to.
This helps them remove dirt and oils more effectively while stabilizing oil and water mixtures.



CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is soluble in water and insoluble in oils.
For no-rinse products, the recommended concentration of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is 3%-5%
In rinse-off products, the highest concentration suggested for use is 33%.



HOW TO USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Add Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) to the surfactant phase.
Keep stirring Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) continuously until it completely dissolves.
Add Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) acids of choice to neutralize pH.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) AT A GLANCE:
*Primarily used as a surfactant (cleansing agent)
*Known for producing desirable foaming properties in shampoos and cleansers
*Can also function as an emulsion stabiliser
*Deemed safe by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel



PROPERTIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
*Exceptional foaming properties for a non-ionic surfactant
*Reduces the total active material of the formulas
*Easy to thicken
*Nonirritant (respects the skin's biological balance)
*Eco-friendly



FUNCTIONS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
*Surfactant
*Cleansing agent
*Sensory Modifier
*Emulsion stabilizer
*Detergent



PROPERTIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a great addition to products that require rich and dense foams, such as:
●Shampoos
●Conditioners
●Shower gels
●Bath oils
●Dermatological liquid soaps
●Hair colors
●Hair straightening products

Apart from its excellent foaming abilities, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps skin and hair retain moisture and keeps them healthy.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) also works very well with Cocamidopropyl betaine, which is an amphoteric surfactant with antistatic properties for hair care formulations.

According to the Cosmetics Ingredient Review, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is safe for use in almost all topical applications or products, specifically in soaps, bubble baths, body washes, and detergents.
Regardless of what kind of product you want to try, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has a good safety profile for all skin types and is 100% biodegradable - the perfect congenial ingredient to add to your creations if you are concerned about health, wellness, and the environment.



ALTERNATIVES AND SUBSTITUTIONS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
We tend to prefer Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside in any recipe that calls for Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), though the lather of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is richer + thicker, so it might blend Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside and Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) to get some of the solubilizing powers of Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside and the lather of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside).



PROPERTIES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a nonionic surfactant that provides superior detergency, emulsifying, penetrating and surface tension reduction properties.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) shows good compatibility with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.



STORAGE AND STANBILITY OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) may be stored for 24 months from the date of manufacture in the unopened original container and at room temperature.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) should be protected from light, heat, oxygen and moisture.
Keep container tightly closed. Once opened, use contents quickly.



WHY IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) USED?
In cosmetics and personal care products, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), Lauryl Glucoside, Arachidyl Glucoside, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside and Coco-Glucoside are reported to function as surfactants – cleansing agents.
C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside and Cetearyl Glucoside are reported to function as surfactants – emulsifying agents, while Ethyl Glucoside is reported to function as a skin-conditioning agent – humectant.



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Arachidyl proprionate (or glucoside) is NOT derived from peanuts (Arachis hypogaea).
Therefore, use of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) in cosmetic products does not represent an allergy concern for children (or adults) with peanut allergies.

Alkyl glucosides consist of alkyl groups bound to glucose in the D-glycopyranoside form.
The glucose portion of the compound may consist of mono-, di-, tri-, oligo- or polysaccharides.

For example, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) with a degree of polymerization of 1.6 is a mixture of decyl monosaccharide (glucopyranoside) and decyl disaccharide (also called maltopyranoside).
These ingredients are generally sold as aqueous solutions containing 50-65% of the ingredient.



FEATURES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
*50% Active
*Non-Ionic
*Essential Oil-in-water solubiliser
*Foam agent
*Surfactant for skin and hair cleansing
*PEG free



FUNCTION OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a, natural, non-ionic surfactant, ideal for all foaming and cleansing products.



HOW IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) OBTAINED?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) boasts a 100% natural, plant-derived composition that is made of fatty alcohol and glucose.
The fatty alcohol, also known as decyl alcohol or decanol, is generated by hydrogenolysis of the fatty acid extracted from coconuts or palm kernel oils.
Decyl Glycoside surfactant is 100% pure organic, biodegradable, extracted from coconut oil and corns, a non-ionic surfactant that is very gentle on skin and hair.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE), SKIN FRIENDLY:
Products made with Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) surfactant are much milder than products made with other surfactant type.
Truly an excellent choice for gentle facial and body cleansers for sensitive skin, and a great alternative for soap.



EXCELLENT FOAMING OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
More Bubbles - More Happiness!
Just a small Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) natural surfactant amount will wake you up and energize your body in a refreshingly fragrant bath.



MULTIPLE USES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
The Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) natural surfactant for making bath bombs are great for making all kinds of homemade bath products.
Some of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) ones include bath truffles, bubble scoops, cream shampoos and face cleansers.



WHY DO WE USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) IN FORMULATIONS?
Why do we use it in formulations?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be a good primary or secondary surfactant, contributing foaming/cleansing to an end product.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has a really rich, dense lather that is lovely in formulations.



REFINED OR UNREFINED?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) only exists as a refined product.


STRENGHTS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a relatively easy to source “natural” surfactant with lovely lather.


WEAKNESSES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has a fairly high pH and isn’t a great solubilizer; I tend to choose Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside over the other glucosides.


HOW TO WORK WITH DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Include Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) in the water phase of your formulations; it can be hot or cold processed.


STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Stored somewhere cool, dark, and dry, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) should last at least two years.



WHY DO WE INCLUDE DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) IN FORMULATIONS?
Excellent solubilizer, far superior to many other surfactants.
This means that essential and fragrance oils can be used in products such as hand washes without the use of a solubilizer like Polysorbate 20.



HOW TO WORK WITH DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE)?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be utilised in cold-processed formulations because it is liquid, but it can also be heated in the hot water phase.
So that you don't make too much lather, avoid aggressive stirring/agitation.



BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
*Natural raw materials, biodegradable
*Numerous certifications COSMOS, RSPO MB, REACH, etc.
*Great foaming performance and very mild
*Good solubility in concentrated alkali solutions
*Green ingredient for personal care cleansers and hard surface cleaning.



HOW TO USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Blend Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) with other surfactants to produce a foaming product with skin cleansing abilities.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) works excellently blended with Cocamidipropyl betaine.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is ones of the easiest surfactants to work with and mixes simply with water and other surfactants to create lovely Shower

Gel, Shampoos and Face Washes with just simple agitation.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can also be added to cream and cleanser bases to add foaming ability.
Simply add Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) to the cold process ingredients.



HOW CAN DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) BE BENEFICIAL?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) has been found to have numerous beneficial qualities and is used for various purposes.
Its neutral property makes Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) compatible with other cleaning chemical agents.
Let's find out what are the benefits of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside):


1. Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used in toiletries and personal hygiene.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a natural surfactant that lathers quite easily.
This makes Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) one of the primary ingredients used as base-surfactant and co-surfactant in soaps, body and face washes, and cleansers.
The non-toxic, 100% biodegradable, and mild surfactant activity of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) makes it an ideal washing solution for fruits and vegetables.


2. Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps in removing oil and dirt
Being a surfactant, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) effectively removes grease and impurities from a surface when used along with water.
This mechanism occurs as Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can lower the surface tension between the two liquids.


3. Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used as an Element/Ingredient in Personal Care Products :
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a non-ionic surfactant, i.e., categorized in the family of Alkyl Polyglucosides.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) helps in hydrating the skin and helps in preventing the drying of the skin.
Incorporating Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) in skincare products increases the skin's ability to tolerate the cosmetic formulations.


4. Safe to be used on sensitive skin
As derived from all-natural sources, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is non-toxic and very skin-friendly.
Its gentle action on the skin makes Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) an ideal ingredient to be used on sensitive skin.

Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) does not result in any rashes or irritation on the skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is also safe to be used on baby skin for its mild properties and the absence of harmful ethylene oxide.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used in pet products too.


5. Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is used as an element/ingredient for hair care products
Its bubbling and foaming property also makes Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) a primary component in shampoos.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is non-drying and is gentle on any texture of hair.

Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s non-ionic quality helps in maintaining the natural pH of the hair.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is also used in hair mousse to retain moisture in the hair and keeps them frizz-free.



IS DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) GOOD FOR YOUR SKIN?
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is obtained from 100% natural sources and is safe for all skin types.
Whether you have dry skin, normal or sensitive skin, you can enjoy the benefits of Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside).
Being non-toxic and biodegradable, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) does not cause any severe harm to the skin.

Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s mild soapy activity gently cleans all the dirt and impurities from the skin layer.
If you have oily skin and despise the unwanted shine on your face, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can help you in effectively washing the grease off your face.

Surfactants are known for their ability to wet a surface.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside), being a mild surfactant, can help in hydration of the skin.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is also incorporated in certain anti-aging products because of its ability to wet the dermal layers and reduce wrinkles and fine lines.



CHARACTERISTICS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a clear to light yellow viscous liquid (clearer than most other glucosides), which increases the foaming capacity in skincare and haircare products.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) also has the excellent benefit of acting as an emulsifier to allow essential oils and water to mix.
Using Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) you can also blend some denser oils, such as carrier oils into your products.



MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Surfactant, often known as a surface-active agent, is a detergent-like chemical.
When added to a liquid, it lowers the surface tension, making it easier to spread and moisten.

Surfactants break down these interactions as they absorb.
Because the intermolecular interactions between the surfactant and the water molecule are substantially lower than those between two water molecules, surface tension is reduced.

Micelles occur when the concentration of surfactant is high.
The critical micelle concentration is the point at which micelles begin to form.
The primary function of surfactants is to reduce surface and interfacial tension while also stabilising the interface.



BENEFITS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
1.Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) assists in the manufacturing of foaming products:
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a moderate surfactant with qualities that make it ideal for creating frothy effects in cosmetics. Shampoos, soaps, body washes, and facial cleansers are just a few of the products available.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s a natural product that’s both safe and good for your skin. It is non-irritating to the skin and has no negative effects.


2.Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) aids the mixing of oil with water:
Surfactant is one of the few substances on the market that are used by manufacturers all over the world to combine water and oil.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) also aids in the removal of debris and the clarification of a solution.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) aids in the removal of debris from the face when used in facial cleansers.


3.Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)'s solubilizing properties are exceptional:
Caprylyl Capryl Glucoside is well-known for its high solubility.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) works wonders with surfactant solutions that are very concentrated, especially when salt and alkalies are present.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)’s a naturally generated substance that can be blended with other solutions to maintain them as natural as possible.


4.Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a Safe Polysorbate Substitute:
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a safe substitute for polysorbates when it comes to solubilizing essential and aroma oils in other liquid compositions.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a biodegradable component that belongs to the Alkyl polyglucosides surfactant class.


5.Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) aids in the creation of Flash Foam and Denser Foam:
Caprylyl Capryl Glucoside is a mild foaming agent that can be used to create both dense and flash foam.
The efficiency of foam can be determined by determining the amount of surfactant to be added to the solution.
Coco and Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside)s can be combined to form a thick solution.



FEATURES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is obtained from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be used with other glucosides to improve foaming and skin care properties.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.



ALTERNATIVES OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
*COCOGLUCOSIDE,
*LAURYL GLUCOSIDE,
*SUCROSE COCOATE
*CAPRYLYL CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE



SYNTHESIS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is produced by the reaction of glucose from corn starch with the fatty alcohol decanol, which is derived from coconut.



CHARACTERISTICS OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is derived from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.



HOW TO USE DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Blend Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) with other surfactants to produce a foaming product with skin cleansing abilities.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) works excellently blended with Cocamidipropyl betaine.



DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) TO USE IN:
*Shower Gel
*Shampoo
*Face Wash
*Bath Foam



ORIGIN OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an ingredient derived from plant-derived substances made from fats, sugars, and alcohols commonly found in corn sugars, coconuts, and palm oils.
Chemically, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is an alkyl glucoside made from a glucose reaction from the corn starch with fatty alcohol.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is also known as decyl alcohol as it is found in palm oils and coconuts.



WHAT DOES DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE) DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsion stabilising
*Foaming
*Surfactant



SAFETY PROFILE OF DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Comparable to the other alkyl polyglucoside surfactants, Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is obtained from 100% renewable vegetable origin.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of 19 alkyl glucosides including Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) as used in cosmetics and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated, and are non-irritating.

Since glucoside hydrolases in human skin are likely to break down these ingredients to release their respective fatty acids and glucose, the Panel also reviewed CIR reports on the safety of fatty alcohols and were able to extrapolate data from those previous reports to support safety.
Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) is a gentle cleanser delicate enough even for the delicate, sensitive skin.
It’s considered mild, low toxicity, and eco-friendly, making Decyl Glucoside (Capryl glycoside) a great option to minimize the environmental footprint.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
Molecular Weight: 320.42 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.4 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 275
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 5
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Name: Decyl D-glucoside
CAS#: 54549-25-6
Chemical Formula: C16H32O6
Exact Mass: 320.22
Molecular Weight: 320.430
Elemental Analysis: C, 59.98; H, 10.07; O, 29.96
IUPAC/Chemical Name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol
InChi Key: JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N
InChi Code: InChI=1S/C16H32O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-21-16-15(20)14(19)13(18)12(11-17)22-16/h12-20H,2-11H2,1H3/t12-,13-,14+,15-,16?/m1/s1
SMILES Code: CCCCCCCCCCOC1C@@HO
Appearance: Solid powder
Formula: C16H32O6
InChI: InChI=1S/C16H32O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-21-16-15(20)14(19)13(18)12(11-17)22-16/h12-20H,2-11H2,1H3/t12-,13-,14+,15-,16?/m1/s1
InChI key: InChIKey=JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N
SMILES: OCC1OC(OCCCCCCCCCC)C(O)C(O)C1O

CAS: 54549-25-6 MF: C16H32O6 MW: 320.42 EINECS: 259-218-1
CBNumber: CB8885133
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Molecular Weight: 320.42
MDL Number: MFCD23103077
MOL File: 54549-25-6.mol
Boiling point: 476.5±45.0 °C (Predicted)
Density: 1.14±0.1 g/cm3 (Predicted)
pKa: 12.95±0.70 (Predicted)
EPA Substance Registry System: Decyl D-glucopyranoside (54549-25-6)
CAS Number: 54549-25-6
Molecular Weight: 320.42200
Density: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Melting Point: N/A
MSDS: N/A
Flash Point: N/A

Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Molecular Weight: 320.42200
Exact Mass: 320.22000
PSA: 99.38000
LogP: 0.94360
CAT Number: I025829
CAS Number: 54549-25-6
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Molecular Weight: 320.43
CAS Number: 54549-25-6
Molecular Formula: C16H32O6
Purity: 98
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO
Storage: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4°C for short term (days to weeks) or -20°C for long term (months to years).
IUPAC Name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
InChI: InChI=1S/C16H32O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-21-16-15(20)14(19)13(18)12(11-17)22-16/h12-20H,2-11H2,1H3/t12-,13-,14+,15-,16?/m1/s1
InChIKey: JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O

Chemical formula: C16H32O6
Molar mass: 320.426 g•mol−1
Boiling Point: 476.5±45.0°C at 760 mmHg
HLB Value: 13-15
pH: 11.5-12.5
Solubility: Soluble in water and oil
Viscosity: 1000-2500 mPa.s at 20°C
Molecular Weight: 320.42 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 320.21988874 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.4Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 275
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Texture: Slippery, detergenty
Scent: Characteristically detergent-y
Active Surfactant Matter: 51%
pH: 11–12
Charge: Non-ionic
Solubility: Water
Boiling Point: >100°C
Melting Point: <0°C
pH: 11.0-12.5
Solubility: Soluble in water
Viscosity: 1000-3000 mPa.s

INCI: Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside
Appearance: A viscous, pale yellow liquid.
Texture: Slippery, detergent
Recommended Usage: Up to 40%
Solubility: Water soluble
Melting point: NA
Boiling point: NA
pH: 5.5–6
Aroma: Soapy/detergent-like in aroma.
INCI: Decyl Glucoside
Appearance: Semi-viscous yellowish liquid
Texture: Slippery, detergent
Recommended Usage: Up to 40%
Solubility: Water soluble
Melting point: NA
Boiling point: NA
pH: 11–12
Aroma: Characteristically detergent



FIRST AID MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DECYL GLUCOSIDE (CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


DECYL GLUCOSIDE COSMETIC GRADE
Decyl Glucoside Cosmetic Grade is a non-ionic surfactant that is used as a foaming, cleansing, conditioning, or emulsifying agent.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade can be used as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cleansers.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.

CAS: 54549-25-6
MF: C16H32O6
MW: 320.42
EINECS: 259-218-1

Synonyms
decyl D-glucoside;D-Glucopyranoside, decyl;Einecs 259-218-1;APG10;1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside;C10 ;Alkyl glucoside;Decyl glucoside;68515-73-1;(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol;Decyl D-glucopyranoside;Decyl D-glucoside;54549-25-6;141464-42-8;D-Glucopyranoside, decyl;(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol;1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside;Capryl glycoside;MFCD23103077;Caprylyl glycoside;decyl glucopyranoside;EINECS 259-218-1;C16H32O6;n-decyl-d-glucopyranoside;D-Glucose decyl octyl ether;SCHEMBL43196;APG0814;DTXSID30893008;JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-IWQYDBTJSA-N;AKOS016004985;DS-3841;A867031;W-111093;W-203522;(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL

Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is an ingredient derived from plant-derived substances made from fats, sugars, and alcohols commonly found in corn sugars, coconuts, and palm oils.
Chemically, Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is an alkyl glucoside made from a glucose reaction from the corn starch with fatty alcohol.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is also known as decyl alcohol as it is found in palm oils and coconuts.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is a mild and gentle non-ionic surfactant, derived from plant-based fatty alcohols and glucose from sugar or starch.
When used in formulations, Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade creates a good and stable foam for a non-ionic surfactant and can be used on its own or combined with other surfactants such as Cocamidopropyl Betaine, as this will enhance the smoothness of the foam.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade’s fully compatible with anionic, cationic, amphoteric, and other non-ionic surfactants.
As Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade doesn’t dry out the skin, it’s ideal for use in products for sensitive skin, such as baby products and facial cleansers.

Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is a non-ionic surfactant with exceptional foaming properties, gentle for the skin.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is a clear golden liquid, viscous, with no odor, and soluble in water with a pH value of 7.0-9.5 (10% actives).
This foaming surfactant is plant-derived, ECOCERT-certified, and preservative-free.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is a non-irritant and naturally derived foaming agent obtained from renewable raw materials such as vegetable oil and starch.
Respecting the skin's biological balance and the environment, Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is an ideal foaming surfactant for "green" hygiene and hair formulas!
Natural, mild, and with an excellent sensory profile, Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade's an ideal ingredient for liquid soap, foaming cleanser, or makeup remover.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade exhibits outstanding foaming behavior with dense and creamy foam bubbles.

Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is a sodium salt of decyl D-glucopyranoside that is used as a detergent additive in cleaning compositions.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade has shown antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium perfringens.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade has also been shown to have chemical stability at high temperatures, making it useful in the manufacture of lacrimal gland preparations and cationic surfactants.

Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade, also named decylbeta- d-glucopyranoside, belongs to the alkyl glucosides family and is obtained by condensation of the fatty alcohol decyl alcohol and a d-glucose polymer.
This nonionic surfactant and cleansing agent has been widely used for several years, due to its foaming power and good tolerance in rinse-off products such as shampoos, hair dyes and colors, and soaps.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is also employed in leave-on products such as no-rinsing cleansing milks, lotions, and several sunscreen agents and is contained as a stabilizing surfactant of organic microparticles in sunscreen agent Tinosorb.

Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is neutral or weakly alkaline.
Normal temperature is light yellow viscous liquid.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade has the characteristics of ordinary non-ionic and anionic surfactants, is easily soluble in water, has low surface tension, rich, delicate and stable foam, strong alkali and acid resistance, strong wetting power, and can be compounded with a variety of surfactants.
The synergistic effect is obvious. Biodegradable. HLB value 10-12.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is mostly used in cosmetics, industrial cleaning agents, biochemical industry, plastics, building materials additives, agricultural preparation synergist, textile, printing and dyeing, coatings, oil field development, fire protection and other industries.
PH value (10% aqueous solution: 11.5-12.5; Viscosity (20 ℃ mPa.s): 2000-4000.

Decyl Glucoside Cosmetic Grade is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Decyl Glucoside Cosmetic Grade has excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility.
Therefore Decyl Glucoside Cosmetic Grade is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic surfactant cleansing preparations.

Decyl Glucoside Cosmetic Grade is derived from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Decyl Glucoside Cosmetic Gradeallows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Decyl Glucoside Cosmetic Grade can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucoside Cosmetic Grade00000 can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.

Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 476.5±45.0 °C(Predicted)
density: 1.14±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
pka: 12.95±0.70(Predicted)
EPA Substance Registry System: Decyl D-glucopyranoside (54549-25-6)

Uses
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade has an excellent foaming capacity and is very skin-friendly.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is often used on just any skin type and is a suitable co-surfactant in many cleansing products.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is considered ideal for sensitive skin types.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is used alongside glucosides to enhance foaming and skin conditioning properties.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade helps in removing dirt, oil and hydrates the skin/scalp well.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade has emulsifying properties and nourishes the body well. In hair care preparations, it helps removing buildup without stripping hair of color or natural oils.

Skin care: Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade acts as an emulsifier, creates mild foam, makes the skin smooth and provides hydrating feel.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is used in facial cleansers, liquid body washes, moisturizers, liquid hand soaps, baby soap, baby shampoo, makeup remover, bubble bath, baby bubble bath, exfoliant/scrub, baby wipes, facial moisturizer, serums, bar soap, bath oil/salts/soak, sunscreens, shaving creams.

Hair care: Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is a gentle surfactant that cleanses the scalp and hair of dirt and excess oil without the risk of irritation.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is widely used in baby shampoos, shampoos, conditioner, beard cleansers.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade is able to provide a luxurious lather that does not irritate the scalp and used in hair masks as well.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade does not strip off the natural oils which makes it a great option for those with dry or curly hair who want to remove buildup and avoid harshly disrupting the scalp's natural oil production.
Decyl Glucosıde Cosmetıc Grade has superior foaming properties compared with other cleansers and thus helps to add texture or volume to the hair shaft.
DECYL OLEATE
Decyl oleate; 3687-46-5; Decyl 9-octadecenoate; Oleic acid, decyl ester cas no: 3687-46-5
DEGELAN UC 506
DEGELAN UC 506 Acrylic binder. It shows good compatibility with DINP (Di-isononylphthalate) and DIDP (Di-isodecylphthalate). It is environmental friendly through clean incineration. Offers low gelling temperatures, halogen-free formulations, thermal stability, outstanding storage stability and UV resistance. Also offers high performance, excellent sound insulating properties and light weight construction through good foaming behavior. Used for textile coating, screen printing, flooring, structured wallpapers and coil coatings. Also used for plastisols and automotive applications such as multifunctional underbody coating materials (rust prevention, chipping resistance, sound damping). Product Type Acrylics & Acrylic Copolymers Chemical Composition Acrylic polymer Physical Form Powder, Fine DEGALAN - PRODUCTS FOR PATHBREAKING APPLICATIONS DEGALAN COATINGS DEGALAN is used as a binder in a large number of different applications, such as printing inks, concrete paints, marine paints and container coatings, low-odor interior paints, metal coatings, plastics coatings, PVC top coats and exterior paints. DEGALAN HEAT SEALING Our DEGALAN binders for heat sealing applications are ideally suited for formulation of high-quality lacquers to provide an excellent and secure heat sealing in combination with smooth peeling. All products comply with international regulations for incident food contact.Evonik offers a wide range of standard and specialty binders under the DEGALAN trademark. Ever since the early 1930s, Evonik has been developing polymer solutions, dispersions and solid products on an acrylic and methacrylic base for this segment, which have been used in the coatings industry for more than 70 years. DEGALAN products offer convincing benefits in all applications where the main priorities are unsurpassed weather resistance, colorfastness, high brilliance, hardness and scratch resistance. Together with its customers, Evonik develops new products for innovative applications. The result are complete solutions for end users that are ready for serial production. With production sites in Darmstadt, Shanghai and Wesseling, Evonik belongs to one of the largest producers of methacrylate-based coating raw materials in Europe and Asia.Description: Acrylic co-polymer emulsion-based transparent primer. Applications: All kinds of concrete, fine plaster surfaces, such as acrylic-based paint and coating materials of mineral-based primer used in interior and exterior in order to reduce the absorbency of the surface. Physical and Chemical Properties: Appearance: white emulsion Color: Transparent Solid content: 50% Density: 1.05 g/cm3 Viscosity: 2000 - 5000 cp Drying time (25  C): Touch Duration: 15-20 min. Full Cure Time: 2 hours Coverage: 1 liter, depending on the surface. with 25-40 m2 covered space. Application Features: Method of application: can be applied by brush or roller. Application under 7 C Should be avoided. Thinner: Water (5-fold diluted). New overcoating time: 8 hours Fire Hazard Class: None. Harmful to health: None. Storage: The material must be protected from frost and excessive sun. The above data are collected only for PVC Family Products. TheInventory carrying days in certain materials shows very high i.e 1997days , while various items have at least 1 or 2 days inventories.On the basis of internal data collection and personal interviews, variousreasons found behind these un unique inventory carrying days. Thereare various reasons given :1. In Imported materials procurement time ( Lead time ) are differentfrom countries to countries. Arrivals are not certain.2. Minimum Pack size :has to buy minimum Size packing .For Example, Silquest A 1100 ( Item Code APF030) standardminimum packing size is 18 Kgs pail but monthly consumption isonly 1 Kgs per month. Hence purchase of 18 Kgs pail becomecompulsory.3. Minimum Order lot Size : In certain imported Items, importersaccepts only minimum lot size order. For Example - DEGALAN UC 506, (Item Code PRF029), minimum order lot size is 1 pallet i.e7500 Kgs per pallet. While consumption is 121 Kg p.m
DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE)
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a clear to light yellow liquid, free of suspended matter.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is miscible with water and almost all organic solvents.


CAS Number: 3710-84-7
EC Number: 223-055-4
MDL number: MFCD00002126
Linear Formula: (CH3CH2)2NOH
Molecular Formula: C4H11NO



N-Hydroxydiethylamine, DEHA, Diethylhydroxylamine, N-Ethyl-N-hydroxyethanamine, N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine, 3710-84-7, DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE, Ethanamine, N-ethyl-N-hydroxy-, N-Hydroxydiethylamine, N,N-Diethylhydroxyamine, Hydroxylamine, N,N-diethyl-, N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethanamine, 314I05EDVH, DTXSID2027543, MFCD00002126, CCRIS 964, diethyl hydroxylamine, EINECS 223-055-4, N,N-Diethyl hydroxylamine, BRN 1731349, UNII-314I05EDVH, AI3-28026, HSDB 6819, hydroxydiethylamine, Pennstop 1866, N,N-Dethylhydroxylamne, n,n-diethyl-hydroxylamine, EC 223-055-4, 4-04-00-03304 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), (C2H5)2NOH, DTXCID107543, CHEMBL3184786, FVCOIAYSJZGECG-UHFFFAOYSA-, 1-[Ethyl(hydroxy)amino]ethane #, N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine, >=98%, AMY25658, Tox21_200264, AKOS015903887, CS-W013744, N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE [HSDB], NCGC00248584-01, NCGC00257818-01, CAS-3710-84-7, D1178, D1339, FT-0629477,
E83007, EN300-136085, J-523240, Q3334148, InChI=1/C4H11NO/c1-3-5(6)4-2/h6H,3-4H2,1-2H3, N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine (ca. 85% in Water, ca. 8.6mol/L), DEHA, DIETHYL HYDROXYLAMINE, Diethylhydroxyamine, N-DiethylhydroxylaMine, pha-Cypermethrin, N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethanamine, pennstop, (C2H5)2NOH, Pennstop 1866, Inhibitor DEHA, Diethylhydroxylamine, DEHA, Ethanamine, N-ethyl-N-hydroxy-, N,N-Diethylhydroxyamine, N-Hydroxydiethylamine, Hydroxylamine, N,N-diethyl-, (C2H5)2NOH, Pennstop 1866, N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine, 1-[Ethyl(hydroxy)amino]ethane, DEHA, Ethanamine, N-ethyl-N-hydroxy-, N,N-Diethylhydroxyamine, N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine, N-Hydroxydiethylamine, Hydroxylamine, N,N-diethyl-, (C2H5)2NOH, N-DiethylhydroxylaMine, N,N-diethyl-hydroxylamine, Ethanamine, N-ethyl-N-hydroxy-, pennstop,anhydrous, Diethylhydroxyamine, N-Hydroxydiethylamine, N,N-Diethylhydroxyla, pennstop, Pennstop 1866, DEHA, DIETHYL HYDROXYLAMINE, ethylhydroxyethylamine, N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylamine,



DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is colorless transparent liquid, Industrial grade is light yellow transparent liquid.
Color will gradually becomes yellow if kept for quite a long time.
If shone by the sunlight directly and open to the air, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) will change its color more rapidly.


Shaken violently, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) will become turbid for a while and several hours later it will become clear again.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has the smell of amine, soluble in organo solvents including ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene, etc.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) other names N-Ethyl-N-hydroxyethanamine, is colorless liquid with ammoniacal odor.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid, available as a 85% and a 98% solution in water.
DEHA is a light yellow transparent liquid.
When facing the air, the color will turn dark and the speed will even high if under strong sunshine.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is soluble in ethyl, chloroform, benzene and other organic solvent.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is stable under ordinary conditions.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has weak basic reaction with phenolphthalein, litmus; Nontoxic, have no effect to the other product.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can be reduced into diethylamine when react with ozone.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is available as a yellow liquid with an amine-like odor.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) products are manufactured by the reaction of a triethylamine and a peroxide, followed by purification and distillation.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is an organic compound with the formula (C2H5)2NOH.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has an isomer, N,O-diethylhydroxylamine with the formula EtNHOEt.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a colorless liquid, although it is usually encountered as a solution.


Dissolved oxygen in boiler system water causes corrosion and pitting of metal surfaces, which can lead to boiler inefficiency, equipment failure, and system downtime.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) (C2H5)2NOH, is a volatile amine commonly used for oxygen scavenging in a variety of boiler systems.


Hydrazine was once in widespread use as a boiler treatment chemical with oxygen scavenging and surface passivating properties.
When hydrazine was found to be toxic in the early 1970’s, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) became a favored replacement because of its lower toxicity and beneficial chemical properties.


The reaction of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) with tert-butylhydroperoxide has been studied.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) participates in the preparation of symmetrical and an isomeric mixture of unsymmetrical phthalocyanines.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) undergoes degradation on exposure to radiation and affords light hydrocarbons.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) also participates in the conversion of quinones and quinonemonosulfonimide to the corresponding hydroquinones and sulfonylaminophenols, respectively.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a colorless and transparent liquid with a boiling point of 125-130 °C and an ammonia odor.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is easily soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform and benzene.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a chemical compound primarily used as an oxygen scavenger in boiler water treatment and cooling systems.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) helps prevent corrosion by removing dissolved oxygen from the water, thereby protecting metal surfaces.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) also finds applications in the production of polymers, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.


As with any chemical substance, safety precautions must be followed when handling DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine).
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) should be stored in a tightly sealed container away from heat sources or ignition materials.
Regarding environmental impact, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is biodegradable and does not persist in the environment.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) with the CAS number 3710-84-7 is a kind of fine chemical intermediates.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) could be soluble in water, alcohol, ether, chloroform and benzene.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a medium-strength organic reducing agent, which is a substituted hydroxylamine polymerization inhibitor.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a colorless and transparent liquid. It smells of ammonia.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is easily soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform and benzene.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) appears as a colourless to pale yellow transparent liquid that is water miscible and has a strong smell of ammonia.


It is generally know as DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine).
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is most commonly available and used in industry as 85% aqueous solution.
However DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is in also available at a concentrated 98%.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) other names N-Ethyl-N-hydroxyethanamine, is a colorless liquid with an ammoniacal odor.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is mainly used as an oxygen scavenger in water treatment.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has an oxygen buffer, preventing corrosion of steel and other metals.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is effective in eliminating, mitigating or eliminating dissolved oxygen.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can produce a protective oxide film on non-ferrous metals, offering better corrosion protection.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is considered a replacement for hydrazine and is less toxic.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE):
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as an oxygen scavenger in
boiler systems, a resin remover and bleach for timber, an anti-discolorant for phenolic compounds, and as a hardener for silicone rubber and sealants.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in boiler water treatment applications, as an oxygen scavenger for medium and high pressure boilers.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) also functions as a free radical scavenger in polymerization, it is a short stopper in the production of styrene butadiene rubber.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a vinyl monomer, used in efficient inhibitor agent of conjugate olefins.
In liquid or gas phase, if end gather seed is existed, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can be used as inhibitors of end gather.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s a excellent end agent in process of Emulsion-polymerized styrene butadiene rubber.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s a antioxidants of the unsaturated oil and resin.
In the environmental protection, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)’s good photochemical smoke inhibitors.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s used as corrosion inhibitors in the equipment of the boiler feed water and steam heat exchange.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s used as antioxidant in photography screens potions.
Pay attention to level, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) must be the photography level,and appearance is colorless liquid.


Industrial level can not be used here.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a water treatment chemical to avoid corrosion in water boilers by binding oxygen (Oxygen scavenger).
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used short stopper of polymerization in production of SBR/NBR and poly butadiene polymer.


Polymerization inhibitor used as anti-popcorn agent in styrene/butadiene monomer production.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) acts as an inhibitor because it scavenges peroxides, oxygen and organic radicals.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a colour stabilizer in polymers and fuel systems.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used reagent for the selective reduction of quinones to quinols under mild conditions.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used preparation of phentyltetrahydrophthalimide herbicides.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used catalyst in the formation of ceramic coatings from a ceramic precursor.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used vulcanizing agent for silicone rubbers free of organometalic catalysts.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used catalysts for hydrolysis of siloxanes in silicone rubber manufacturing.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used anti-foulants and color for distillate fuel oils.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used oxidizing agents for post-leaching kaolinite clays.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used manufacture of room temperature curable sealants.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used inhibitor for vinyl monomer and conjugated olefine.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can be used as high efficiency popcorn polymerizaion inhibitor.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used terminator of emulsifying process of butylbenzene.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used antioxidant for unsaturated oils and resin.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a good stablizer for photosensitive resin, sensitive emulsion and synthetic resin.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used corrosion inhibitor for boiler feed water equipment and vapor heat exchanging equipment.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is mainly used as an oxygen scavenger in water treatment.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has the property of oxygen scavenging, prevention of corrosion of steel and other metals.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is effective in removing dissolved oxygen thus slowing or eliminating corrosion.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can produce a protective oxide film on ferrous-based metals, thus offers enhanced corrosion protection.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in boiler water systems (the vapor and liquid phase system).
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is considered a hydrazine replacement and is less toxic.
Both DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) and DEHA 85% function primary as radical and oxygen scavengers.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in boiler water treatment applications, as an oxygen scavenger for medium and high pressure boilers.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) also functions as a free radical scavenger in polymerization, it is a short stopper in the production of styrene butadiene rubber.


Beyond its application as scavenger, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is also used in refinery chemicals and other niche markets, such as:
Microelectronics industry: for example, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is formulated to remove residual photoresist and other residue from microelectronic parts.


Photographic industry: DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is blended with other chemicals to produce good color development.
The reduction of toxic heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium to their more environmentally-friendly counterparts such as trivalent chromium is done using an aqueous solution containing DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine).


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in boiler water treatment applications, as an oxygen scavenger for medium and high pressure boilers.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a replacement for hydrazine and its derivatives as an Oxygen scavenger in steam generation systems.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in Boiler Water and Cooling Water


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is mainly used as an oxygen scavenger in water treatment.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a volatile oxygen scavenger and reacts in a ratio of 2.8/1 DEHA/O2.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is employed in high pressure (>70 bar) boiler systems due to a very low rate of reaction at low temperatures and pressures.


Due to its volatility, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) acts as an oxygen scavenger throughout the entire boiler system due to steam carryover.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) also reacts with ferrous metals to form a passivized film of magnetite throughout the boiler system.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used polymerisation inhibitor, Color stabilizer (photographic), Corrosion inhibitor, Discoloration inhibitor (phenolics), Antiozonant, and Radical scavenger.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used Electronic chemicals, Photographic chemicals, Polymer processing, Upstream O&G-production, Water treatment industrial, and Product description.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has the property of oxygen scavenging and is used in water treatment chemical formulation to prevent corrosion.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as an auxiliary in photographic industry to prevent discoloration.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a vapor phase polymerization inhibitor against double bond monomers such as olefin, styrene, butadiene, isoprene and divinylbenzene.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a stabilizer for phenolics, intermediate for pharmaceuticals and water treatment chemicals.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is also used as a raw material of silicon sealant and coating materials.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) acts as a free-radical scavenger.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a strong free-radical scavenger, making it very useful for a number of commercial applications.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a highly effective oxygen scavenger to protect boilers from corrosion.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is more ideally suited to this application than conventional hydrazine due to a much better toxicology profile.


Refinery chemicals and biofuels: DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)’s oxygen scavenging attribute enhances stability.
Biodeisel fuel is particularly benefited.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used De-colorization of phenols.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in polymer processing as a polymerisation inhibitor.
For example, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a short-stopper in styrenic rubber polymerization and vinyl chloride polymerization.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is also used as an antioxidant in a diverse range of industrial applications.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as an effective colour stabiliser for photographic films.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used Corrosion Inhibitors, Curing Agent, Epoxy Resins, Polymerization Inhibitors, Polyurethane coatings, Water Treatment & Pool Chemicals, Collectors, Polymers.


Decolourisation uses of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine): Phenol and Phenolic antioxidants can be decolourised with DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine).
Inhibitors: DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can be used as a colour stabiliser of monoalkyl phenol.
Silicon Rubber: DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can be used as a raw material for the hardener of the Silicon Sealant and coating agent.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in boiler water treatment applications, as an oxygen scavenger for medium and high pressure boilers.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) also functions as a free radical scavenger in polymerization, it is a short stopper in the production of styrene butadiene rubber.


Beside its application as scavenger, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is also used in refinery chemicals such as microelectronics industry and photographic industry.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has the advantages of easy dissolution, low toxicity, non-corrosion, and polymerization inhibition in both gas and liquid phases.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has been widely used as an inhibitor of popcorn-like butadiene polymer in the degassing operation of styrene-butadiene and nitrile emulsion polymerization, and an efficient polymerization inhibitor for conjugated olefins and vinyl monomers (such as styrene)
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as polymerization inhibitor, terminal polymerization inhibitor, and also used as antioxidant and stabilizer.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a deoxidizer in the water system of a steam boiler, not only for low-temperature deoxygenation, but also for high-temperature steam condensate water circulation systems.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s oxygen removal function is better than hydrazine and carbohydrazide; when there is a catalyst, its oxygen removal function is higher.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is also used as a passivator for the metal on the water side of the equipment.
In addition, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can also be used as a polymerization inhibitor, chain linking agent, for the determination of aldehydes, and as an antioxidant and corrosion inhibitor for metal equipment.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a moderate reducing agent for quinone compounds, which has no effect on halogen, acetoxy and azo groups.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used for the manufacture of: .


Other release to the environment of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as processing aid.
Release to the environment of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
In addition to being a powerful oxygen scavenger, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) also promotes the passivation of low carbon steel by converting hematite (red rust) to a black magnetite layer that protects metal surfaces from further corrosion.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) degrades into two neutralizing amines within a boiler system: diethylamine and ethylmethylamine.
These neutralizing amines raise the pH of the condensate and thus reduce the need to treat with additional neutralizing amines.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) also helps prevent corrosion and control dissolved oxygen levels in wet lay-up scenarios.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is usually added alongside morpholine during wet storage of a boiler.
Together these chemicals help maintain pH and prevent corrosion during the lay-up.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) for 3710-84-7 has the property of oxygen scavenging and used in water treatment chemical formulation.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as an auxiliary in photographic industry to prevent discoloration.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a stabilizer for phenolics.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as water treatment chemicals.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is also used as a raw material of silicon sealant and coating materials.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has many uses.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a free radical scavenger which can be used in polymerization inhibitor, color stabilizer (photographics), oxygen scavenger (water treatment), corrosion inhibitor and discoloration inhibitor (phenolics).


In addition, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is stable and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can be obtained by the oxidation reaction of hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution and secondary amine at the presence of CdCl2 or ZnCl2.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as ethylene monomer;
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as high effective restrainer.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is very excellent termination agent in the process of butylbenzene emulsion.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is antioxidant for unsaturated greases and resin.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is good stabilizing agent of photosensitive resin, synthesis resin and others.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in water treatment chemical to avoid corrosion in water boilers by binding oxygen (oxygen scavenger).


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is short stopper of polymerization in production of SBR/NBR and poly butadiene polymer.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has the property of oxygen scavenging and used in water treatment chemical formulation to prevent corrosion.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as an auxiliary in photographic industry to prevent discoloration.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is a vapor phase polymerization inhibitor against double bond monomers such as olefin, styrene, butadiene, isoprene and divinylbenzene.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a stabilizer for phenolics.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals and water treatment chemicals.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is also used as a raw material of silicon sealant and coating materials.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as a vinyl monomer, used in efficient inhibitor agent of conjugate olefins.


In liquid or gas phase, if end gather seed is existed, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) can be used as inhibitors of end gather.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s a excellent end agent in process of Emulsion-polymerized styrene butadiene rubber.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s a antioxidants of the unsaturated oil and resin.


In the environmental protection, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is good photochemical smoke inhibitors.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s used as corrosion inhibitors in the equipment of the boiler feed water and steam heat exchange.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s used as antioxidant in photography screens potions.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) may be employed as a ligand in the preparation of unsymmetric mixed ligand oxadiazoline and/or imine platinum complexes.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) may be used in the synthesis of organometallic clusters of mixed hydrazide/hydroxylamide clusters of zinc.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has been suggested as a stabilizer for color forma­tion for monoalkylphenols and phenolic antioxidants.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has also been reported to stabilize emulsions used in the latex industry and for Spandex rubber, as well as a reducing agent for quinones and a monomer stabilizer or inhibitor.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in efficient polymerization inhibitor for alkene as vinyl monomer.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used as efficient end-polymerization inhibitor.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is excellent terminator in emulsion polymerized butadiene styrene rubber procedure.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used a ntioxidant for unsaturated oils and resin.


DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used favorable stabilizer for photosensitive resin, sensitive emulsion and synthetic resin.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used favorable photochemical smog inhibitor in environmental protection.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used corrosion inhibitor for boiler feed water and steam heat exchanger.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used antioxidant in photography.


-Water Treatment uses of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine):
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is used in Water Treatment Chemical Formulations for controlling corrosion in boiler very effectively due to its property of oxygen scavenging.
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) scoresover conventional hydrazine hydrate since it is far less toxic and meets the standard for disposal of blow offs without any difficulty giving a good protection against corrosion at the same time.


-Polymerization uses of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine):
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine)'s powerful free radical scavenging ability coupled with its moderate volatility and relatively low order of acute toxicity makes it an ideal "popcorn Polymer "/ vapour phase inhibitor for olefins or styrene monomer storage & recovery system.
Because of its capability of inhibiting polymerization in the gas phase, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is finding use as an in-process inhibitor for the production of styrene, divinylbenzene, butadiene, isoprene and other monomers containing a reactive double bond.


-Photographic Chemicals uses of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine):
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has reducing property, so it is used as an auxiliary chemical photographic developer for instant colour photos.
Also, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is effective in stabilization of image and in the prevention of discolouration.



WHY USE DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE) IN BOILER SYSTEMS?
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) has many chemical properties that make it an excellent oxygen scavenger for high or even medium pressure boilers.
However, DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) is not as efficient in low pressure boilers due to the low reaction rate at lower pressure and temperatures.
The volatile nature of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) allows it to be distributed not only by water but also by steam throughout the condensate system.
This enables more complete boiler system protection.



HOW DO I TEST FOR DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE)?
Currently there is no published standardized method or procedure to test for DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) in boiler feedwater or condensate.
However, a modification to a ferrous iron colorimetric test is commonly used to measure low levels of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine).
In the PDTS method, the sample is treated with an excess of ferric iron which is reduced to ferrous iron by DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine).
The ferrous iron then reacts with the indicator PDTS [3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-bis(4-phenylsulfonic acid)-1,2,4,-triazine disodium salt] to form a pink-purple colored complex in direct proportion to the concentration of DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE):
Molecular Formula:C4H11NO
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: light yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -26 - -25 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 125 - 130 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 10 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,9 %(V)
Flash point: 45 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: > 120 °C

pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility at: 20 °C soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 0,43
Vapor pressure: 133 hPa at 81,5 °C
Density: 0,867 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available

Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 3,08 - (Air = 1.0)
Chemical formula: C4H11NO
Molar mass: 89.138 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Ammoniacal
Density: 867 mg mL−1
Melting point: −26 to −25 °C (−15 to −13 °F; 247 to 248 K)
Boiling point: 127.6 °C; 261.6 °F; 400.7 K
Solubility in water: Miscible
Vapor pressure: 500 Pa (at 0 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 5.67 (est)
Molecular Weight: 89.14 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 89.084063974 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 89.084063974 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 23.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 26.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Melting point: −26-−25 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 125-130 °C
Density: 0.902 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density: 3.07 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 4 mm Hg ( 0 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.420(lit.)
Flash point: 115 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
form: Liquid
pka: 14.19±0.69(Predicted)
color: Clear
Specific Gravity: 0.867
explosive limit:ç 1.9-10%(V)
Water Solubility: soluble
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1731349

Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm
Stability: Stable.
Hygroscopic.
InChIKey: FVCOIAYSJZGECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 23℃
CAS Data: Base Reference 3710-84-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 314I05EDVH
NIST Chemistry Reference: Ethanamine, N-ethyl-N-hydroxy-(3710-84-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Diethylhydroxylamine (3710-84-7)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.86700 @ 25.00 °C.
Melting Point: 10.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 133.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.022000 mmHg
Flash Point: 113.00 °F. TCC ( 45.00 °C. )
Soluble in: water, 1.747e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)



FIRST AID MEASURES of DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A-(P2)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
hygroscopic



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DEHA (N,N-DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available




DEHA 85%
N-Ethyl-N-Hydroxy-Ethanamine; Diethylhydroxylamine 85% CAS number: 3710-84-7
DEHYDOL LS 2 DEO-N            
Laureth-3 ;laureth-3; polyethylene glycol (3) lauryl ether; polyethylene glycol (3) lauryl ether; polyethylene glycol (3) monolauryl ether; polyoxyethylene (3) lauryl ether cas no: 3055-94-5
DEHYDOL LS 3
Dehydol LS 3 DEHYDOL LS 3 DEO is a solubilizer and surfactant. Dehydol LS 3 provides shine and builds good viscosity structures in combination with sodium chloride. DEHYDOL LS 3 DEO is used in shampoos and foam bath products. Dehydol LS 3 is classified as : Emulsifying Surfactant Description of Dehydol LS 3: Effective liquid non-ionic emulsifier & surfactant made from polyethylene glycol ether of lauryl alcohol (Dehydol LS 3). Amber clear liquid, odorless, may haze when chilled. pH 5.0-6.5 (5% solution). Soluble in oils and alcohols, partly soluble in water. HLB value 8 (gives water-in-oil emulsions). CAS: 3055-94-5/68439-50-9 INCI Name: Laureth-3 Benefits of Dehydol LS 3: Non-ionic emulsifier (enables water & oil to mix), dispersing agent, and solubilizer Solubilizes oils in aqueos systems and create a milky type consistency when surfactants are present Act as a thickener in shampoos and shower gels Compatible with non-ionic, anionic, amphoteric, and cationic surfactants Use of Dehydol LS 3: Can be added to formulas as is either to the water phase or oil phase. Typical use level is 1 - 5%. For external use only. Applications of Dehydol LS 3: All kinds of skin care products, hair care products including body washes, hair shampoos, deodorants, lotions, and creams. Country of Origin of Dehydol LS 3: USA Raw material source of Dehydol LS 3: Coconut oil Manufacture of Dehydol LS 3: Dehydol LS 3 is produced by reacting ethylene oxide with lauryl alcohol which is obtained from coconut oil. The numerical designation 3 refers to the number of repeating ethylene oxide units in the molecule. Animal Testing of Dehydol LS 3: Not animal tested GMO of Dehydol LS 3: Not tested for GMOs Vegan: Does not contain animal derived components Dehydol LS 3 is a surfactant and a thickner. As surfactant it helps to reduce surface tension of substances to be mixed or emulsified. In cosmetics it helps water to be mixed with oil, sebum and dirt so that they can be easily rinsed away. Moreover as thickener it helps to adjust the thickness of our products. APPEARANCE of Dehydol LS 3 Colorless to yellow transparent viscous liquid FUNCTION of Dehydol LS 3 In cosmetics and personal care products, the laureth ingredients are used in the formulation of a variety of bath, eye, facial, hair, cleansing and sunscreen products. They are also used in cuticle softeners, deodorants and moisturizing products. SYNONYMS of Dehydol LS 3 Laureth 3; T/N: Unicol LA-3; T/N: Jeecol LA-3; T/N: Ethal 326; Ethal LA-3; Poe(3) Lauryl Alcohol; Alkyloxypolyethyleneoxyethanol Alcohol Polyether STORAGE of Dehydol LS 3 Store in closed container protected from light and humidity. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Applications of Dehydol LS 3 Cleaning and hygiene Dehydol LS 3 is mainly used in detergents for laundry with many cleaning applications.It is a highly effective surfactant and is used in any task requiring the removal of oily stains and residues; for example, Dehydol LS 3 is found in higher concentrations with industrial products including engine degreasers, floor cleaners, and car wash soaps.In lower concentrations, it is found in toothpastes, shampoos, shaving creams, and bubble bath formulations, for its ability to create a foam (lather), for its surfactant properties, and in part for its thickening effect. Food additive Dehydol LS 3, appearing as its synonym Dehydol LS 3 , is considered as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) ingredient, for food use according to the guidelines published in 21 CFR 172.822. It is used as an emulsifying agent and whipping aid. Dehydol LS 3 is reported to temporarily diminish perception of sweetness. Laboratory applications of Dehydol LS 3 Principal applications Dehydol LS 3, in science referred to as sodium dodecyl sulfate , is used in cleaning procedures, and is commonly used as a component for lysing cells during RNA extraction and/or DNA extraction, and for denaturing proteins in preparation for electrophoresis in the Dehydol LS 3 -PAGE technique. In the case of the Dehydol LS 3 -PAGE application, the compound works by disrupting non-covalent bonds in the proteins, and so denaturing them, i.e., causing the protein molecules to lose their native conformations and shapes. By binding to the proteins with high affinity and in high concentrations, the negatively charged detergent provides all proteins with a similar net negative charge and therefore a similar charge-to-mass ratio. In this way, the difference in mobility of the polypeptide chains in the gel can be attributed solely to their size as opposed to both their size and charge. It is possible to make separation based on the size of the polypeptide chain to simplify the analysis of protein molecules, this can be achieved by denaturing proteins with the detergent Dehydol LS 3 .The association of Dehydol LS 3 molecules with protein molecules imparts an associated negative charge to the molecular aggregate formed; this negative charge is significantly greater than the original charge of that protein. The electrostatic repulsion that is created by Dehydol LS 3 binding forces proteins into a rod-like shape, thereby eliminating differences in shape as a factor for electrophoretic separation in gels. Dodecyl sulfate molecule has two negative charges at the pH value used for electrophoresis, this will lead the net charge of coated polypeptide chains to be much more negative than uncoated chains. The charge-to-mass ratio is essentially identical for different proteins because Dehydol LS 3 coating dominates the charge. Miscellaneous applications of Dehydol LS 3 Dehydol LS 3 is used in an improved technique for preparing brain tissues for study by optical microscopy. The technique, which has been branded as CLARITY, was the work of Karl Deisseroth and coworkers at Stanford University, and involves infusion of the organ with an acrylamide solution to bind the macromolecules of the organ (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.), followed by thermal polymerization to form a "brain-hydrogel" (a mesh interspersed throughout the tissue to fix the macromolecules and other structures in space), and then by lipid removal using Dehydol LS 3 to eliminate light scattering with minimal protein loss, rendering the tissue quasi-transparent. Along with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and Triton X-100, aqueous solutions of Dehydol LS 3 are popular for dispersing or suspending nanotubes, such as carbon nanotubes. Niche uses Dehydol LS 3 has been proposed as a potentially effective topical microbicide, for intravaginal use, to inhibit and possibly prevent infection by various enveloped and non-enveloped viruses such as the herpes simplex viruses, HIV, and the Semliki Forest virus. In gas hydrate formation experiments, Dehydol LS 3 is used as a gas hydrate growth promoter.Researchers aim for gas hydrate promotions as scale-up of industrial applications of gas hydrates such as desalination process, gas storage, and gas separation technologies. Liquid membranes formed from Dehydol LS 3 in water have been demonstrated to work as unusual particle separators.The device acts as a reverse filter, allowing large particles to pass while capturing smaller particles. Toxicology of Dehydol LS 3 Carcinogenicity Dehydol LS 3 is not carcinogenic when consumed or applied directly, even to amounts and concentrations that exceed amounts used in standard commercial products.The earlier review of the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) program Expert Panel in 1983 reported that Dehydol LS 3 (there, abbreviated Dehydol LS 3 , for Dehydol LS 3) in concentrations up to 2%, in a year-long oral dietary studies in dogs, gave no evidence of tumorigenicity or carcinogenicity, and that no excess chromosomal aberrations or clastogenic effects were observed in rats fed up to 1.13% Dehydol LS 3 in their diets for 90 days, over those on a control diet. The 2005 review by the same group indicated that further available data lacked any available suggestion that Dehydol LS 3 or the related ammonium salt of the same amphiphile could be carcinogenic, stating that "Despite assertions to the contrary on the Internet, the carcinogenicity of these ingredients is only a rumor;" both studies conclude that Dehydol LS 3 appears "to be safe in formulations designed for discontinuous, brief use followed by thorough rinsing from the surface of the skin. In products intended for prolonged contact with skin, concentrations should not exceed 1%." Sensitivity of Dehydol LS 3 Like all detergent surfactants, Dehydol LS 3 removes oils from the skin, and can cause skin and eye irritation. It has been shown to irritate the skin of the face, with prolonged and constant exposure (more than an hour) in young adults.Dehydol LS 3 may worsen skin problems in individuals with chronic skin hypersensitivity, with some people being affected more than others. Oral concerns of Dehydol LS 3 The low cost of Dehydol LS 3 , its lack of impact on taste, its potential impact on volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs, which contribute to malodorous breath), and its desirable action as a foaming agent have led to the use of Dehydol LS 3 in the formulations of toothpastes.A series of small crossover studies (25-34 patients) have supported the efficacy of Dehydol LS 3 in the reduction of VSCs, and its related positive impact on breath malodor, although these studies have been generally noted to reflect technical challenges in the control of study design variables. While primary sources from the group of Irma Rantanen at University of Turku, Finland conclude an impact on dry mouth (xerostomia) from Dehydol LS 3 -containing pastes, a 2011 Cochrane review of these studies, and of the more general area, concludes that there "is no strong evidence... that any topical therapy is effective for relieving the symptom of dry mouth." A safety concern has been raised on the basis of several studies regarding the effect of toothpaste Dehydol LS 3 on aphthous ulcers, commonly referred to as canker or white sores. A consensus regarding practice (or change in practice) has not appeared as a result of the studies. As Lippert notes, of 2013, "very few... marketed toothpastes contain a surfactant other than Dehydol LS 3" and leading manufacturers continue to formulate their produce with Dehydol LS 3. Interaction with fluoride Some studies have suggested that Dehydol LS 3 in toothpaste may decrease the effectiveness of fluoride at preventing dental caries (cavities). This may be due to Dehydol LS 3 interacting with the deposition of fluoride on tooth enamel. Use of Dehydol LS 3: -Detergency: tooth paste, shampoo, cosmetic, detergent, etc. -Construction: plasterboard, additive of concrete, coating, etc. -Pharmaceutical: Medicine, pesticide, etc. -Leather: leather soft agent, wool cleaning agent, etc. -Paper making: penetrant, flocculating agent, deinking agent, etc. -Auxiliaries: textile auxiliaries, plastic auxiliaries, etc. -Fire fighting: oil well fire fighting, fire fighting device, etc. -Mineral choosing: mine flotation, coal water mixture, etc. Overview Dehydol LS 3 is one of the ingredients you'll find listed on your shampoo bottle. However, unless you're a chemist, you likely don't know what it is. The chemical is found in many cleaning and beauty products, but it's frequently misunderstood. Urban myths have linked it to cancer, skin irritation, and more. Science may tell a different story. How it works Dehydol LS 3 is what's known as a "surfactant." This means it lowers the surface tension between ingredients, which is why it's used as a cleansing and foaming agent. Most concerns about Dehydol LS 3 stem from the fact that it can be found in beauty and self-care products as well as in household cleaners. Where you'll find Dehydol LS 3 If you look under your bathroom sink, or on the shelf in your shower, it's very likely you'll find Dehydol LS 3 in your home. It's used in a variety of products, including: Grooming products, such as shaving cream, lip balm, hand sanitizer, nail treatments, makeup remover, foundation, facial cleansers, exfoliants, and liquid hand soap Hair products, such as shampoo, conditioner, hair dye, dandruff treatment, and styling gel Dental care products, such as toothpaste, teeth whitening products, and mouthwash Bath products, such as bath oils or salts, body wash, and bubble bath Creams and lotions, such as hand cream, masks, anti-itch creams, hair-removal products, and sunscreen You'll notice that all of these products are topical, or applied directly to the skin or body. Dehydol LS 3 is also used as a food additive, usually as an emulsifier or a thickener. It can be found in dried egg products, some marshmallow products, and certain dry beverage bases. Are there dangers? The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regards Dehydol LS 3 as safe as a food additive. Regarding its use in cosmetics and body products, the safety assessment study of Dehydol LS 3 , published in 1983 in the International Journal of Toxicology (the most recent assessment), found that it's not harmful if used briefly and rinsed from the skin, as with shampoos and soaps. The report says that products that stay on the skin longer shouldn't exceed 1 percent concentration of Dehydol LS 3 . However, the same assessment did suggest some possible, albeit minimal, risk to humans using Dehydol LS 3 . For example, some tests found that continuous skin exposure to Dehydol LS 3 could cause mild to moderate irritation in animals. Nevertheless, the assessment concluded that Dehydol LS 3 is safe in formulations used in cosmetics and personal care products. Because many of these products are designed to be rinsed off after short applications, the risks are minimal. According to most research, Dehydol LS 3 is an irritant but not a carcinogen. Studies have shown no link between the use of Dehydol LS 3 and increased cancer risk. According to a 2015 study, Dehydol LS 3 is safe for use in household cleaning products.
DEHYDOL LS 3 DEO-N            
Fatty acids, C12-18, mixed esters with citric acid, pentaerythritol and stearyl alc.; Fettsuren C12-18, Mischester mit Pentaerythritol, Zitronensure und Stearylalkohol CAS NO:130328-22-2
DEHYDOL LS6
DEHYDOL LS6 InChI 1S/C58H118O24/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-13-60-15-17-62-19-21-64-23-25-66-27-29-68-31-33-70-35-37-72-39-41-74-43-45-76-47-49-78-51-53-80-55-57-82-58-56-81-54-52-79-50-48-77-46-44-75-42-40-73-38-36-71-34-32-69-30-28-67-26-24-65-22-20-63-18-16-61-14-12-59/h59H,2-58H2,1H3 DEHYDOL LS6 InChI Key IEQAICDLOKRSRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N DEHYDOL LS6 Canonical SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO DEHYDOL LS6 Molecular Formula C58H118O24 DEHYDOL LS6 CAS 68439-50-9 DEHYDOL LS6 European Community (EC) Number 500-213-3 DEHYDOL LS6 DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID0041931 DEHYDOL LS6 Physical Description Liquid DEHYDOL LS6 Molecular Weight 1199.5 g/mol DEHYDOL LS6 XLogP3 1.8 DEHYDOL LS6 Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 DEHYDOL LS6 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 24 DEHYDOL LS6 Rotatable Bond Count 79 DEHYDOL LS6 Exact Mass 1198.801305 g/mol DEHYDOL LS6 Monoisotopic Mass 1198.801305 g/mol DEHYDOL LS6 Topological Polar Surface Area 233 Ų DEHYDOL LS6 Heavy Atom Count 82 DEHYDOL LS6 Formal Charge 0 DEHYDOL LS6 Complexity 1080 DEHYDOL LS6 Isotope Atom Count 0 DEHYDOL LS6 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 DEHYDOL LS6 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 DEHYDOL LS6 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 DEHYDOL LS6 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 DEHYDOL LS6 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 DEHYDOL LS6 Compound Is Canonicalized Yes DEHYDOL LS6 Product Groups Nonionic Surfactants DEHYDOL LS6 Sub Product Groups Alcohol Ethoxylates DEHYDOL LS6 Function Nonionic Surfactant DEHYDOL LS6 Form of Delivery Liquid DEHYDOL LS6 Chemical Description C12C14 Fatty alcohol + 6 EO DEHYDOL LS6 Application Laundry Food and Beverage Processing Food Service and Kitchen Hygiene Commercial Laundry DEHYDOL LS6 APPLICATION DEHYDOL LS6 Surfactants: used as raw material for the manufacturer of sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) DEHYDOL LS6 Detergents: a base liquid and powder detergents, household cleaning agents, industrial cleaning agents. DEHYDOL LS6 Cosmetics & Personal care: used as raw materials in shampoo, body gels and hand cleaners. DEHYDOL LS6 Textiles: used as scouring and wetting agents. DEHYDOL LS6 Agriculture: used as emulsifiers in herbicides, Insecticides and fertilizers. DEHYDOL LS6 Paper: used as wetting agents and improve absorbency. DEHYDOL LS6 Rubber: used as stabilizers for rubber. DEHYDOL LS6 Leather: used as degreasing and tanning agents. DEHYDOL LS6 Paint: used as wetting agents and dispersing agent. DEHYDOL LS6 is a nonionic surfactant.It is an alkyl polyethlene glycol ester made forom C12-C14-alcohol and ethylene oxide.DEHYDOL LS6 - Feed (Block), REG, Use: For bloat in cattle in block - 520.1846.DEHYDOL LS6 - FEED, REG, Use: In feed blocks for cattle - 520.1846.A fatty alcohol that is suitable for the manufacture of heavy duty and special laundry detergents as well as hard surface cleaners.This substance is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, plant protection products, fertilisers, lubricants and greases, air care products and fuels.Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).Fatty alcohol ethoxylate, our products, are non-ionic surfactants produced by adding ethylene oxide (EO) to Linear Fatty Alcohols. Fatty alcohol ethoxylate produced are sold under the trade name Dehydol LS 6 guaranteeing world class standard.DEHYDOL LS6 is a cloudy liquid at room temperature and tends to form sediment.It becomes a clear liquid at 30 C.
DEHYDOL LT 5
General Description of Dehydol LT 5
Dehydol LT 5 is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Completely miscible with water.
Dehydol LT 5 is a major threat to the environment in case of a spill.
Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread.
Dehydol LT 5 can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate ground water and nearby streams.
Dehydol LT 5 is very toxic to aquatic organisms.
Irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract.
Prolonged exposure to the skin can cause reddening and scaling.
Dehydol LT 5 is used in the making of surfactants

Hazards of Dehydol LT 5
Reactivity Alerts of Dehydol LT 5
Peroxidizable Compound
Air & Water Reactions
No rapid reaction with air.
No rapid reaction with water.
Fire Hazard of Dehydol LT 5
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171:
Some may burn but none ignite readily.
Containers may explode when heated.
Some may be transported hot.
For UN3508, Capacitor, asymmetric, be aware of possible short circuiting as this product is transported in a charged state.
Polymeric beads, expandable (UN2211) may evolve flammable vapours.

Health Hazard of Dehydol LT 5
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171:
Inhalation of material may be harmful.
Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.
Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or asphyxiation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

Reactivity Profile of Dehydol LT 5
Dehydol LT 5 is stable up to 50°C.
Dehydol LT 5 cxidizes on exposure to the air to form peroxides and peracids.
Combustible but not flammable (flash point > 179°C).
Auto-ignition temperature: 230°C.
Dehydol LT 5 may react with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and strong bases.
Dehydol LT 5 is incompatible with copper and copper alloys and aluminum.
A mixture of polyether alcohols of formula R-O-(CH2CH2-O-)n-H where R is a C-12 through C-16 alkyl group and n equals 1 through 6.
Synthesized by treating a mixture of C-12 to C-16 alcohols with ethylene oxide.

Belongs to the Following Reactive Group(s)
Alcohols and Polyols
Ethers
Potentially Incompatible Absorbents

Response Recommendations
Isolation and Evacuation
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.
FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Firefighting for Dehydol LT 5
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.
LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams.
If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
Non-Fire Response
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171:
Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
Prevent dust cloud.
For Asbestos, avoid inhalation of dust.
Cover spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading.
Do not clean up or dispose of, except under supervision of a specialist.

SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.
SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Protective Clothing
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171:
Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.
No information available.

First Aid of Dehydol LT 5
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171:

Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

Physical Properties of Dehydol LT 5

Chemical Formula: data unavailable
Flash Point: data unavailable
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): data unavailable
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): data unavailable
Autoignition Temperature: data unavailable
Melting Point: data unavailable
Vapor Pressure: data unavailable
Vapor Density (Relative to Air): data unavailable
Specific Gravity: data unavailable
Boiling Point: data unavailable
Molecular Weight: data unavailable
Water Solubility: data unavailable
Ionization Energy/Potential: data unavailable
IDLH: data unavailable

Chemical character of Dehydol LT 5
Dehydol LT 5 types are nonionic surfactants.
They are alkyl polyethylene glycol ethers made from a C12-C18-alcohol and ethylene oxide.
They conform to the following formula:RO(CH2CH2O)XH

Product information of Dehydol LT 5
INGREDIENT IDENTIFICATION of Dehydol LT 5
Name: Dehydol LT 5
Segment: Home care

GENERAL USE of Dehydol LT 5
Performance claims, Sustainability claims, Function, Applications, Usage level

TECHNICAL USE of Dehydol LT 5
Chemical group, Chemical properties, Physical properties, Appearance, Colors, Origin, Origin Species

SAFETY AND CERTIFICATIONS of Dehydol LT 5
GHS classification, Hazard statements, Certifications, Renewable Carbon Index (RCI)

Properties of Dehydol LT 5
Dehydol LT 5 is a cloudy liquid at room temperature and tends to form sediment.
Dehydol LT 5 becomes clear liquid at 40 °C.
Physical form (23 °C): liquid
Degree of ethoxilation mol approx.: 5
Concentration % approx.: 100
Method D °C approx.: 73
Method E °C approx.: 70
Molar mass (from OH number) g/mol approx.: 420
pH valuapprox.: 7
Density g/cm3 approx. : 0.96
Dropping point °C approx.: 13
Congealing point °C approx.: 12

Viscosity of Dehydol LT 5
mPa·s approx.: 90
Hydroxyl number (DIN 53240) mg KOH/g approx.: 134
HLB value approx. : 10.5
Flash point (ISO 2592) °C approx. : 190

Surface tension of Dehydol LT 5
(EN 14370, 1 g/l in distilled water, 23 °C)mN/m approx. : 28
Method A: 1 g of surfactant + 100 g of dist. Water
Method B: 1 g of surfactant + 100 g of NaCl solution (c = 50 g/l)
Method C: 1 g of surfactant + 100 g of NaCl solution (c = 100 g/l)
Method D: 5 g of surfactant + 45 g of butyldiglycol solution (c = 250 g/l)
Method E: 5 g of surfactant + 25 g of butyldiglycol solution (c = 250 g/l)
The pH of the Dehydol® LT types can decrease during storage, but this does not have any effect on their performance.
Applying Harkins-Jordan correction.

Solubility of the Dehydol LT 5 (10% at 23 °C)

Distilled water –
Potable water (2.7 mmol Ca2+-Ions/l) –
Caustic soda (5%) –
Hydrochloric acid (5%) –
Salt solution (5%) –
Solvent naphtha +
Ethanol, Isopropanol +
Aromatic hydrocarbons +
+ = clear solution
± = sparingly soluble (insoluble sediment)
– = insoluble (phase separation)


Viscosity The relationship between viscosity and temperature is always an important point to consider when Dehydol® LT 5 is stored or shipped. This is shown in the following table:
Viscosity at °C Dehydol LT 5 :
0 Solid
10 >105
20 170
23 90
30 50
40 25
50 <20
60 <20
We would recommend the preparation of 10 – 25% stock solutions of Dehydol LT 5 5 if it is to be used in the form of very dilute solutions, or if it is to be added to other solutions.
This makes it very much easier to dilute it later on.
Dehydol LT 5 can form fairly stiff gels at certain concentrations when water is added.
The viscosity of Dehydol LT 5 at 23 °C as a function of concentration in water (all values in mPa·s)

Storage of Dehydol LT 5
a) Dehydol LT 5 should be stored indoors in a dry place.
Storage rooms must not be overheated (see flash point).
b) Dehydol LT 5 is hygroscopic due to its good solubility in water, with the result that it may absorb moisture very quickly.
Drums must be resealed each time they
are opened.
c) The storage temperature should not be allowed to fall substantially below 20 °C.
The congealing point of Dehydol® LT 5 also need to be taken into account.
d)Dehydol LT 5 is a cloudy liquid and tend to form sediment, it becomes clear liquid at 40 °C.
e) Liquid that has solidified or that shows signs of sedimentation should be heated to 50 – 70 °C and homogenized before it is processed.
Please mix sufficiently prior to use.
f) Drums that have solidified or that have begun to precipitate should be reconstituted by gentle heating, preferably in a heating cabinet.
The temperature must not be allowed to exceed 70 °C.
Please mix sufficiently prior to use.
This also applies if drums are heated by external electrical elements.
Internal electrical elements should not be used because of the localized anomalies in temperature that they cause.
g)Dehydol LT 5 must be blanketed with nitrogen if they are stored in heated tanks (at 50 – 60 °C) to prevent it from coming into contact with air.
Constant, gentle stirring helps to prevent it being discolored as a result of prolonged contact with electrical elements or external heating coils.
Materials The following materials can be used for tanks and drums:
a) AISI 321 stainless steel
b) AISI 316 Ti stainless steel
Shelf life Provided it is are stored properly and drums are kept tightly sealed, Dehydol LT 5 have a shelf life of at least two years in its original packaging.
Safety We know of no ill effects that could have resulted from using Dehydol LT 5 for the purpose for which it is intended and from processing it in accordance with current practices.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION of Dehydol LT 5
PRODUCT
Dehydol LT 5


Classification of Dehydol LT 5:
Industrial & Institutional, Personal Care

Description of Dehydol LT 5:
Fatty Alcohol C12-C18 + 5 Eo

CLASS: Industrial Chemicals, Tradename Chemistry – I&I Solutions

INDUSTRY of Dehydol LT 5:
Industrial, Personal Care

CAS No.:68213-23-0
FATTY ALCOHOL POLYGLYCOL ETHER
CAS:68213-23-0
EINECS:
Molecular Formula:C12H25O(CH2CH2O)9H
MDL:
Synonyms of Dehydol LT 5
aeo9
belitem3
foryl100
dehydollt2
dehydollst
dehydol100
dehydollt4
dehydollt5
dehydollt7
teric la4n
agrimulnre 1205
alcohols
c12-18 ethoxylated
fattyalcs., c12-18, ethoxylated
alcs. fatty c12-18 ethoxylated
alfonic 1218-70
alfonic 1218-70l
belite m3
c12-18 alcs., ethoxylated
c12-18 ethoxylated alcs.
c12-18 fatty alcs.,ethoxylated
cemulsol db 311
dehydol 100
dehydol lst
dehydol lst 80/20
dehydol lt 2
dehydol lt 4
dehydol lt 5
dehydol lt 7
dehydol lt 8
dehydolpta 40
disponil ta 430
ethoxylated alcohols, c12-18
ethoxylated alcs.,c12-18
fatty alcs., c12-18, ethoxylated
foryl 100
lutensol a 4n
marlipal28/100
ps 10
ps 10 (surfactant)
slovasol sf 3
ta 430
alcohols,c12-18, ethoxylated
DEHYDOL LT 6
CAS NUMBER: 68213-23-0
Molecular Formula: RO(CH2CH2O)xH

DESCRIPTION:
DEHYDOL LT 6 is a fatty alcohol that is a very good raw material for the manufacture of liquid wool and light-duty detergents.
The Dehydol LT types are nonionic surfactants.
They are alkyl polyethylene glycol ethers made from a C12-C18-alcohol and ethylene oxide.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DEHYDOL LT 6:
Dehydol LT 6 is a cloudy liquid at room temperature and tends to form sediment.
Dehydol LT 6 becomes clear liquid at 40 °C

Physical form (23 °C): Liquid
Degree of ethoxilation: approx. 6
Concentration % :approx. 100
Cloud points (EN 1890)*
Method A °C :approx. 35
Method B °C :approx. 26
Method D °C :approx. 76
Method E °C :approx. 75
Average Molar mass (from OH number) g/mol :approx. 460
pH value (EN 1262, solution A)**: approx. 7
Density (DIN 51757, 23 °C) g/cm3 :approx. 0.97
Dropping point (DIN 51801) °C :approx. 25
Congealing point (ISO 2207) °C :approx. 10
Viscosity (EN 12092, 23 °C, Brookfield, 60 rpm) mPa•s : approx. 180
Hydroxyl number (DIN 53240) mg KOH/g : approx. 121
HLB value : approx. 11.5
Flash point (ISO 2592) °C: approx. 195
Wetting (EN 1772, distilled water, 23 °C, 2 g Soda ash/l)
0.5 g/l s: approx. 75
1.0 g/l s: approx. 45
2.0 g/l s: approx. 20
Foam volume
(EN 12728, 40 °C, 2 g/l water at a hardness of 1.8 mmol Ca-ions/l, after 30 s) cm3 : approx. 180
Surface tension (EN 14370, 1 g/l in distilled water, 23 °C)*** mN/m : approx. 28
* Cloud point EN 1890:
Method A: 1 g of surfactant + 100 g of dist. Water
Method B: 1 g of surfactant + 100 g of NaCl solution (c = 50 g/l)
Method C: 1 g of surfactant + 100 g of NaCl solution (c = 100 g/l)
Method D: 5 g of surfactant + 45 g of butyldiglycol solution (c = 250 g/l)
Method E: 5 g of surfactant + 25 g of butyldiglycol solution (c = 250 g/l)
** The pH of the Dehydol LT types can decrease during storage, but this does not have any effect on their performance.
*** Applying Harkins-Jordan correction.
The above information is correct at the time of going to press.
It does not necessarily form part of the product specification.
A detailed product specification is available from your local BASF representative.

Solubility Details on the solubility of Dehydol® LT 6 in various solvents are given in the table
below.
Solubility of the Dehydol LT 6 (10% at 23 °C):
Distilled water: +
Potable water (2.7 mmol Ca2+-Ions/l) :+
Caustic soda (5%). –
Hydrochloric acid (5%): +
Salt solution (5%): +
Solvent naphtha: ±
Ethanol, Isopropanol: +
Aromatic hydrocarbons: +
(+ = clear solution ± = sparingly soluble (insoluble sediment) – = insoluble (phase separation) = forms an opaque soluble, homogeneous emulsion)

Viscosity:
The relationship between viscosity and temperature is always an important point to consider when Dehydol LT 6 is stored or shipped.
This is shown in the following table (mPa•s, Brookfield LVT):
Viscosity at °C Dehydol LT 6
at 0°C: Solid
at 10°C: >105
at 20°C: 250
at 23°C: 180
at 30°C: 80
at 40°C: 30
at 50°C: <20
at 60°C: <20
It is recommended the preparation of 10 – 25% stock solutions of Dehydol LT 6 if it is to be used in the form of very dilute solutions, or if it is to be added to other solutions.
This makes Dehydol LT 6 very much easier to dilute Dehydol LT 6 later on.
Dehydol LT 6 can form fairly stiff gels at certain concentrations when water is added.
The figures below were measured using a Brookfield-Viscosimeter at 23 °C and 60 rpm.
The viscosity of Dehydol LT 6 at 23 °C as a function of concentration in water (all values in mPa•s)

Water content in % Dehydol LT 6:
in 0 % :180
in 10%: 120
in 20%: >105
in 30%: >105
in 40 %: 40000
in 50%: >105
in 60%: 5000
in 70% : 2200
in 80%: 1500
in 90%: 200
The numbers reported have to be regarded as maximum values; the values measured immediately after mixing will be lower than the numbers reported.

Storage:
a)Dehydol LT 6 should be stored indoors in a dry place.
Storage rooms must not be overheated (see flash point).
b) Dehydol LT 6 is hygroscopic due to its good solubility in water, with the result that it may absorb moisture very quickly.
Drums must be resealed each time they are opened.
c) The storage temperature should not be allowed to fall substantially below 20 °C.
The congealing point of Dehydol LT 6 also need to be taken into account.
d) Dehydol LT 6 is a cloudy liquid and tends to form sediment, it becomes a clear liquid at 40 °C.
e) Liquid that has solidified or that shows signs of sedimentation should be heated 50 – 70 °C and homogenized before it is processed.
Please mix sufficiently prior to use.
f) Drums that have solidified or that have begun to precipitate should be reconstituted by gentle heating, preferably in a heating cabinet.
The temperature must not be allowed to exceed 70 °C.
Please mix sufficiently prior to use.
This also applies if drums are heated by external electrical elements. Internal electrical elements should not be used because of the localized anomalies in temperature that they cause.
g) Dehydol LT 6 must be blanketed with nitrogen if they are stored in heated tanks (at 50 – 60 °C) to prevent it from coming into contact with air.
Constant, gentle stirring helps to prevent it being discolored as a result of prolonged contact with electrical elements or external heating coils.
Materials The following materials can be used for tanks and drums:
a) AISI 321 stainless steel (X6CrNiTi1810)
b) AISI 316 Ti stainless steel (X6CrNiMoTi17122)
Shelf life: Provided it is are stored properly and drums are kept tightly sealed,
Dehydol LT 6 has a shelf life of at least 24 months in its original packaging.


CAS NUMBER: 68213-23-0
Molecular Formula: RO(CH2CH2O)xH

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DEHYDOL LT 6:
FIRST AID MEASURES:
Eyes:
If symptoms develop, move individual away from exposure and into fresh air.
Flush eyes gently with water while holding eyelids apart.
If symptoms persist or there is any visual difficulty, seek medical attention.

Skin :
First aid is not normally required.
However, it is recommended that exposed areas be cleaned by washing with soap and water.

Ingestion :
Seek medical attention.
If individual is drowsy or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth; place individual on the left side with the head down.
Contact a physician, medical facility, or poison control center for advice about whether to induce vomiting.
If possible, do not leave individual unattended.

Inhalation :
If symptoms develop, move individual away from exposure and into fresh air.
If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
Keep person warm and quiet; seek immediate medical attention.
Persons not wearing protective equipment should be excluded from area of spill until clean-up has been completed.
Environmental precaution:
Prevent spreading over a wide area (e.g. by containment or oil barriers).
Do not let product enter drains.
Do not flush into surface water or sanitary sewer system.
Methods for cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Soak up with inert absorbent material (e.g. sand, silica gel, acid binder, universal binder, sawdust). Other information:
Comply with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations.

FIRE - FIGHTING MEASURES:
Suitable extinguishing media
Dry chemical, Carbon dioxide (CO2), Water spray

Precautions for fire-fighting :
Wear full firefighting turn-out gear (full Bunker gear), and respiratory protection (SCBA).
DO NOT direct a solid stream of water or foam into hot, burning pools of liquid since this may cause frothing and increase fire intensity.
Frothing can be violent and possibly endanger any firefighter standing too close to the burning liquid.
Use water spray to cool fire exposed containers and structures until fire is out if it can be done with minimal risk.
Avoid spreading burning material with water used for cooling purposes.
NFPA Flammable and Combustible Liquids Classification
Combustible Liquid Class IIIB

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES:
Personal precautions:
Persons not wearing protective equipment should be excluded from area of spill until clean-up has been completed.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent spreading over a wide area (e.g. by containment or oil barriers).
Do not let product enter drains.
Do not flush into surface water or sanitary sewer system.

Methods for cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Soak up with inert absorbent material (e.g. sand, silica gel, acid binder, universal binder, sawdust).

Other information:
Comply with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations.

HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling:
Containers of this material may be hazardous when emptied.
Since emptied containers retain product residues (vapor, liquid, and/or solid), all hazard precautions given in the data sheet must be observed.

Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, ventilated area.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS AND PERSONAL PROTECTION:
Exposure Guidelines:
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.

General advice:
These recommendations provide general guidance for handling this product.
Personal protective equipment should be selected for individual applications and should consider factors which affect exposure potential, such as handling practices, chemical concentrations and ventilation.
It is ultimately the responsibility of the employer to follow regulatory guidelines established by local authorities.

Exposure controls:
Provide sufficient mechanical (general and/or local exhaust) ventilation to maintain exposure below exposure guidelines (if applicable) or below levels that cause known, suspected or apparent adverse effects.

Eye protection:
Not required under normal conditions of use.
Wear splash-proof safety goggles if material could be misted or splashed into eyes.

Skin and body protection:
Wear resistant gloves (consult your safety equipment supplier).
Wear normal work clothing including long pants, long-sleeved shirts and foot covering to prevent direct contact of the product with the skin.
Launder clothing before reuse.
If skin irritation develops, contact your facility health and safety professional or your local safety equipment supplier to determine the proper personal protective equipment for your use.

Respiratory protection:
A NIOSH-approved air-purifying respirator with an appropriate cartridge and/or filter may be permissible under certain circumstances where airborne concentrations are expected to exceed exposure limits (if applicable) or if overexposure has otherwise been determined.
Protection provided by air-purifying respirators is limited.
Use a positive pressure, air-supplied respirator if there is any potential for uncontrolled release, exposure levels are not known or any other circumstances where an air-purifying respirator may not provide adequate protection.

DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS:
Waste disposal methods
Dispose of in accordance with all applicable local, state and federal regulations.

DEHYDRATED CASTOR OIL
Dehydrated Castor Oil Dehydrated Castor oil fatty acid commonly known as DCOFA is a high diene fatty acid based on Castor oil. Three types are offered depending on the conjugation (low, medium and high). DCOFA is liquid at room temperature, having a water-white to pale yellow colour. Dehydrated castor oil finds use in medicine, traditional folk medicines, and as an industrial lubricant with outstanding low-temperature viscosity and high-temperature lubrication properties. Dehydrated castor oil is obtained from the seeds of Ricinus communis, which is grown in India, Brazil, South America, Russia, USA, China and Mexico. Dehydrated castor oil, also known as ricinum oil, is one of the few almost pure sources of natural glyceride. Raw Dehydrated castor oil is a non-drying oil, which is used as a plasticiser for lacquers, leather-dressing dopes or similar formulations. Dehydrated castor oil is also compatible with a large number of natural and synthetic resins, polymers and waxes. The dehydration of raw Dehydrated castor oil changes it from a nondrying oil to a drying oil and Dehydrated castor oil (DCO) has intermediate properties between linseed and tung oil regarding its drying time, rate of polymerisation, and water and alkali resistance. Dried DCO film is more flexible and elastic than tung oil films, does not become brittle with ageing and does not dry as hard and yellow as linseed or perilla oil films. Properly formulated and cooked Dehydrated castor oil vehicle films do not wrinkle on exposure to gas fumes. These properties are responsible for the popularity of Dehydrated castor oil in the production of industrial resins and varnishes. Dehydrated castor oil-based polyester is also used as a binder for industrial paints. Dehydrated castor oil is not commonly used in alkyd resin formulations and there are few reports on the alcoholysis of Dehydrated castor oil triglycerides. For the preparation of Dehydrated castor oil-based monomers, Dehydrated castor oil was first alcoholized with glycerol, pentaerythritol, and an aromatic diol; BPA propoxylate and the alcoholysis products were then malinated, as shown in Figure 4.9 (Can [66]). Bisphenol A propoxylate was used specifically to introduce the rigid aromatic rings onto the triglyceride structure. The maleate esters of Dehydrated castor oil alcoholysis products have never been synthesized before; thus the Dehydrated castor oil-based monomers presented here are totally new resins. The alcoholysis reactions of Dehydrated castor oil were carried out for 2 h at 230–240°C in the presence of Ca(OH)2 as catalyst, similar to the soybean oil alcoholysis reactions. The malination reactions were carried out for 5 h at 98°C to ensure the completeness of the malination of the secondary hydroxyls of Dehydrated castor oil. N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, which is reported to be an effective catalyst for the malination of hydroxylated oils, was used as a catalyst. Dehydrated castor oil was also directly malinated to see the effect of the alcoholysis step on the mechanical properties of the resulting polymers. The molar ratio of Dehydrated castor oil to maleic anhydride was 1:3 for malination of Dehydrated castor oil; therefore, the reaction was carried out in an excess of maleic anhydride assuming that 1 mol Dehydrated castor oil contains 2.7 mol of hydroxyls. The reactants used in this reaction as well as their mole numbers and masses are given in Table 4.4. The COPERMA product was a light brown solid. Dehydrated castor oil is modified chemically by graft copolymerisation with methyl and butyl methacrylates. The exterior durability, weather resistance, drying and mechanical properties of these resins are considerably enhanced. Unsaturation in the fatty acid groups of polyesters allows interpolymerisation with a variety of reactive vinyl monomers such as styrene, α-methyl styrene, vinyl-toluene, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate and acrylonitrile. The modification of polyester resins based on cotton seed oil, linseed oil, soybean oil and sunflower oil with vinyl toluene to improve clarity is also described in the literature. The post styrenation (up to 50%) of linseed oil-based polyester resins improved drying time, scratch hardness and resistance to solvents and chemicals. Significant improvement in the drying time and weather resistance properties of Dehydrated castor oil-based polyester resin was obtained by graft copolymerisation with methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate. The copolymers of soybean oil and Dehydrated castor oil-based monomers, prepared by maleination of the alcoholysis products of the oils with various polyols, such as pentaerythritol, glycerol and bisphenol-A propoxylate with styrene, exhibited a wide range of properties depending on their chemical structures.19 Flexural moduli of 0.8–2.5 GPa, flexural strength of 32–112 MPa, glass transition temperatures (Tg) of 72–152 °C and surface hardness of 77–90 Shore D of the copolymers were displayed. These results show that the polymers obtained from Dehydrated castor oil exhibited significantly improved modulus, strength and Tg over those of soybean oil-based copolymers. These polymers showed comparable properties to those of the high performance unsaturated polyester resins based on petroleum products. The modification of Albizia benth medium oil polyester by acrylation shows superior drying, flexibility, scratch and impact resistance and chemical resistance properties compared to unmodified polyester.20 The use of N,N-dihydroxyethyl acrylic acid amide as a partial replacement for glycerol in the preparation of medium oil polyester resin reduced the need for anti-corrosive pigments in primer formulation.21 Water reducible acrylic–polyester resin prepared by the esterification of monoglyceride based on palm oil and carboxy functional acrylic copolymer showed excellent water and acid resistance and good alkali resistance.22 Maleated Dehydrated castor oil-based foam with styrene was obtained by a free radical polymerisation process using NaHCO3 as the blowing agent, co-napthanate as the promoter and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the free radical initiator. The product also exhibits acceptable biodegradability.23 Alkyd/acrylic hybrid latexes produced by mini-emulsion polymerisation are characterised in terms of the resin and acrylic degree of grafting, the reacted double bonds in the alkyd, the gel content and the molecular weight distribution of the sol part by size exclusion chromatography and the iodometric titration method. Vegetable oils, such as Dehydrated castor oil, can be used to make bio-based thermo-set PU resins, and these have also been used in natural fibre composites. The Dehydrated castor oil triglyceride is characterized by the presence of ricinoleic fatty acid which, in addition to containing double bonds, contains hydroxyl groups on its backbone (Dwan’Isa et al., 2005) (Fig. 9.5). The hydroxyl groups can be reacted with isocyanates to form Dehydrated castor oil-based polyurethane (COPU). The tensile strength of a COPU matrix resin has been reported to be 2.5 MPa, which is very low compared with that of synthetic thermoset resins, but the elongation to break was 31%, which is extremely high (Milanese et al., 2011). Dehydrated castor oil, also known as castor wax, is a hardened vegetable wax produced from pure Dehydrated castor oil through the chemical process of hydrogenation. When hydrogen is introduced to pure Dehydrated castor oil in the presence of a nickel catalyst, the resulting product becomes waxy, highly viscous, and more saturated.Dehydrated castor oil is an ingredient prevalently found in many cosmetics, varnishes, and polishes. You most likely use it on a daily basis. Unlike pure Dehydrated castor oil, which is said to have a slightly offensive smell, it is completely odorless. Dehydrated castor oil is also insoluble in water.But why hydrogenate Dehydrated castor oil when the pure oil works so well for so many different applications? What is the purpose of hydrogenating Dehydrated castor oil, exactly? ydrogenated Dehydrated castor oil, also known as castor wax, is derived from castor beans (Ricinus communis), which is typically a liquid at room temperature, that has been processed by adding hydrogen to make it more stable and raises its melting point so that it is a solid at room temperature. It is odorless and insoluble in water. Historically, ancient Egyptians used Dehydrated castor oil as fuel for their lamps. Dehydrated castor oil has also been used as a lubricant in machine and aircraft engines, and is added to certain paints, dyes and varnishes as well. Ingestion of pure Dehydrated castor oil works as a laxative to treat constipation. Dehydrated castor oil is a hard brittle, high melting point waxy substance with faint characteristic of fatty wax odor and is tasteless. It is compatible with beeswax, carnauba and candelilla wax. It is relatively insoluble in most organic solvents though it will dissolve in a number of solvents and oils at an elevated temperature but on cooling will form gels or a paste like mass. It forms a smooth, stable anionic emulsion with emulsifiers and triethanolamine stearate. It can also be emulsified with a cationic emulsifying agent, making emulsions that are also stable. It is mainly used in plastics, textiles, lubricants etc.As a pharmaceutical grade inactive ingredient, Dehydrated castor oil is used to emulsify and solubilize oils and other water-insoluble substances. A brand name product that contains Dehydrated castor oil is Cremophor and it contains a range of non-ionic polyethoxylated detergents. It was originally developed for use as solubilizers and emulsifiers. This research grade product is intended for use in R&D and development only. Dehydrated castor oil (castor wax) is also used an extended release agent; stiffening agent; tablet and capsule lubricant. Dehydrated castor oil has been used as a stimulant laxative to relieve occasional constipation, but it is rarely used today due to gentler and safer alternatives. The purpose of the hydrogenation process is to improve Dehydrated castor oil's melting point, texture, odor, and shelf-life.Once hydrogenated, the resulting Dehydrated castor oil product is comprised of hard, brittle flakes. Dehydrated castor oil is considered an organic ingredient, as well as a vegan one, as it is vegetable-derived.One application of Dehydrated castor oil is to improve certain cosmetic products. You can add the flakes to cosmetic formulations until thoroughly melted. In this capacity, Dehydrated castor oil acts as an emollient and a thickener; increasing the viscosity of creams, ointments, and lotions when their composition is too runny. Dehydrated castor oil also stabilizes cosmetics that come in stick-form (like lipstick) and increases these products' melting points, making for a more stable product. In part thanks to Dehydrated castor oil, it's not the end of the world if we leave a tube of red lipstick in a hot car! Dehydrated castor oil means our lipsticks maintain a solid structure even when they're pushed to the limit, and our deodorant doesn't crumble as we apply it.Dehydrated castor oil is a hard, waxy substance with a unique structure. It works with the other oils and waxes in the antiperspirant base to give the stick a firm but spreadable consistency. In the baby diaper cream and lotion it provides a protective barrier of the lotion/cream on the skin. In all cases, because Dehydrated castor oil is insoluble in water, it is not readily washed away. Dehydrated castor oil is especially present in these types of products when something requires resistance to moisture and oils, such as in polishes, varnishes, and paints. Dehydrated castor oil, also known as castor wax, is derived from castor beans (Ricinus communis), which is typically a liquid at room temperature, that has been processed by adding hydrogen to make it more stable and raises its melting point so that it is a solid at room temperature. It is odorless and insoluble in water. Dehydrated castor oil is a hard, waxy substance with a unique structure. It works with the other oils and waxes in the antiperspirant base to give the stick a firm but spreadable consistency. In all cases, because Dehydrated castor oil is insoluble in water, it is not readily washed away. Dehydrated castor oil has a long history of safe use in personal care products. PEG 40 Dehydrated castor oil is the Polyethylene Glycol derivatives of Dehydrated castor oil, and it functions as a surfactant, a solubilizer, an emulsifier, an emollient, a cleansing agent, and a fragrance ingredient when added to cosmetics or personal care product formulations. Dehydrated castor oil is soluble in both water and oil and is traditionally used to emulsify and solubilize oil-in-water formulations. Its foam-enhancing properties make it ideal for use in liquid cleansers, and its soothing and softening emollient quality makes it a popular addition to formulations for moisturizers and hair care cosmetics. As a surfactant, PEG 40 Dehydrated castor oil helps to decrease the surface tension between multiple liquids or between liquids and solids. Furthermore, it helps to remove the grease from oils and causes them to become suspended in the liquid. This makes it easier for them to be washed away and lends this ingredient popularity in facial and body cleansers. As an occlusive agent, PEG 40 Dehydrated castor oil creates a protective hydrating layer on the skin's surface, acting as a barrier against the loss of natural moisture. Dehydrated castor oil to cosmetics formulations, it can be blended in its cold state directly into the oil phase at a suggested ratio of 3:1 (PEG 40 Dehydrated castor oil to oil). Next, this can be added to the water phase. If the formula is cloudy, the amount of PEG 40 Dehydrated castor oil may be increased for enhanced transparency. Dehydrated castor oil Raw Material without the medical advice of a physician. This product should always be stored in an area that is inaccessible to children, especially those under the age of 7. Dehydrated castor oil Raw Material in 1 tsp of a preferred Carrier Oil and applying a dime-size amount of this blend to a small area of skin that is not sensitive. PEG 40 Dehydrated castor oil must never be used near the inner nose and ears or on any other particularly sensitive areas of skin. Potential side effects of PEG 40 Dehydrated castor oil include the itching, PEG-30 Dehydrated castor oil, PEG-33 Dehydrated castor oil, PEG-35 Dehydrated castor oil, PEG-36 Dehydrated castor oil and PEG-40 Dehydrated castor oil are polyethylene glycol derivatives of Dehydrated castor oil. PEG-30 Dehydrated castor oil and PEG-40 Dehydrated castor oil are polyethylene glycol derivatives of Dehydrated castor oil. PEG-36 Dehydrated castor oil is a light yellow and slightly viscous liquid with a mild fatty odor. PEG-40 Dehydrated castor oil is an amber-colored liquid. PEG Dehydrated castor oils and PEG Dehydrated castor oils are used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetics and personal care products. Dehydrated castor oil is the polyethylene glycol derivatives of Dehydrated castor oil, and is an amber colored, slightly viscous liquid that has a naturally mildly fatty odor. It is used in cosmetics and beauty products as an emulsifier, surfactant, and fragrance ingredient, according to research. Accordingly, Dehydrated castor oil is principally 12-hydroxystearic triglyceride. Dehydrated castor oil (HCO) or castor wax is used in capacitors, coatings and greases, cosmetics, electrical carbon paper, lubrication, polishes, and where resistance to moisture, oils and other petrochemical products is required. Castor wax is also useful as a top coat varnish for leather, wood & rubber. 12-Hydroxy Stearic Acid (12-HSA) is obtained by the hydrolysis of Dehydrated castor oil, 12-Hydroxy Stearic Acid is a high melting, brittle, waxy solid at ambient temperatures and should be stored away from heat to avoid deterioration. A non-toxic, non-hazardous material, it has limited solubility in many organic solvents and is insoluble in water. It is used in lithium and calcium greases, and in the manufacture of acrylic polymers, as an internal lubricant for plastic mouldings, coatings for automotive, equipment, appliances and architectural applications. We are proud to boast industry leading products suitable for a wide array of application and product requirements. We believe industry leading customer service, delivery and innovation allow us to meet our ever increasing client demands. Dehydrated castor oil is a wax-like hydrogenated derivative of Dehydrated castor oil. Dehydrated castor oil has many industrial applications. Castor wax, also called Dehydrated castor oil, is an opaque, white vegetable wax. It is produced by the hydrogenation of pure Dehydrated castor oil often in the presence of a nickel catalyst to increase the rate of reaction. The hydrogenation of Dehydrated castor oil forms saturated molecules of castor wax; this saturation is responsible for the hard, brittle and insoluble nature of the wax. HCO (chemical name: Dehydrated castor oil), also known as castor wax, is a very common oleochemical product that has many industrial and manufacturing applications. What is Dehydrated castor oil? HCO is a hard, wax-like substance extracted from Dehydrated castor oil beans. There is also a petroleum-based formula of Hydrogenated Caster Oil known as PEG-40. The Dehydrated castor oil chemical formula of this material is C57H110O9(CH2CH2O)n. Hydrogenation refers to a chemical process where an unsaturated compound is combined with hydrogen to produce saturation. In the case of HCO, this increases the oil’s stability and raises its melting point, transforming it into a solid at room temperature.Dehydrated castor oil is insoluble in water and most types of organic solvents. This makes HCO extremely valuable in the manufacturing of lubricants and industrial greases. However, HCO is soluble in hot solvents. It also has the ability to resist water while retaining its polarity, lubricity and surface wetting capabilities. Dehydrated castor oil is also an extremely safe, non-toxic material that is suitable for use in personal care products and soaps. To learn more about HCO safety, please review the Dehydrated castor oil SDS (Safety Data Sheet).Acme-Hardesty is a reliable source for Dehydrated castor oil. We offer a complete selection of Dehydrated castor oil and Derivatives such as Ricinoleic Acid, 12HSA, #1 Dehydrated castor oil, HCO and several others. We are known for being one of the largest and oldest Dehydrated castor oil importers and distributors found anywhere in the United States. As one of the leading Dehydrated castor oil suppliers, we can accommodate your company’s Dehydrated castor oil needs, whether you require a bulk shipment, a pallet or a full truckload. USES & APPLICATIONS HCO is an extremely versatile oleochemical that has a number of industrial and manufacturing applications:CASE: Because of its excellent resistance to moisture, Dehydrated castor oil works extremely well as a viscosity modifier, and it also provides significant improvement in grease and oil resistance.Plastics: Dehydrated castor oil performs the role of a lubricant and release agent for PVC and improves processing, dispersion and grease resistance of sheeted polyethylene. It is also useful in the preparation of various polyurethane coating formulas.Personal Care: There are multiple Dehydrated castor oil uses in the manufacturing of personal care products, particularly as an emollient and thickening agent in ointments and deodorants, as well as hair care products and certain cosmetics.Waxes: Hydrogenated Caster Oil works as a binding agent in synthetic and petroleum waxes, as it makes the wax harder and more resistant to crumbling.Soaps and Detergents: Dehydrated castor oil is sometimes used as an emulsifying agent in liquid soaps and detergents to enhance the stability of the liquid formula.Textiles: HCO makes an effective processing agent in various textile manufacturing applications. What does it do? Dehydrated castor oil is a hard, waxy substance with a unique structure. It works with the other oils and waxes in the antiperspirant base to give the stick a firm but spreadable consistency. In all cases, because Dehydrated castor oil is insoluble in water, it is not readily washed away. In monolithic tablets, the core is either prepared by direct compression or by wet granulation followed by coating the core with water impermeable materials on all the faces except the face which is in contact with the mucosa. Water-impermeable materials include Teflon, ethyl cellulose, cellophane, Dehydrated castor oil, and so on. Such a system begins unidirectional drug flow toward the mucosa and avoids drug loss [163]. The results of Kurihara et al. (1996) indicate that Dehydrated castor oil (HCO)-60 emulsions, when compared with conventional lecithin-stabilized emulsions, are more stable to LPL and show low uptake by RES organs, long circulations in the plasma and high distribution in tumors. Lin et al. (1992) confirmed that Dehydrated castor oil-60 is a good emulsifier for the preparation of NE with better stability and prolonged and selective delivery properties. Thus, these sterically stabilized NEs could show potential as effective carriers for highly lipophilic antitumor agents to enhance the drug delivery in tumors. This was confirmed by Sakaeda et al. (1994) who found that the rate of selective delivery of Sudan II to liver, lungs, and spleen could be suppressed by using Dehydrated castor oil-60-based NE. Conversely, the use of saturated MCT in NE was the most effective way to increase blood concentration of Sudan II, resulting in higher distribution to liver, lungs, spleen, and brain (Sakaeda and Hirano, 1995). Furthermore, an o/w-type NE containing Dehydrated castor oil-60 was shown to be superior in the selective distribution of adriamycin-HCl to the liver and in decreasing concentration in heart and kidney (Yamaguchi et al., 1995). Again, Ueda et al. (2003) reported the effect of using a series of Dehydrated castor oils having different oxyethylene numbers such as Dehydrated castor oil10, Dehydrated castor oil 20, Dehydrated castor oil 30, Dehydrated castor oil 60, and Dehydrated castor oil 100 on the pharmacokinetics of menatetrenone (vitamin K2) incorporated in SO (SO)–based NE in rats. Plasma half-life of menatetrenone after administration as the NE prepared by Dehydrated castor oil with 10 oxyethylene units (SO/Dehydrated castor oil 10) was similar to that after the administration as SO/egg yolk phosphatides (SO/EYP), but was shorter than that as the NEs prepared by Dehydrated castor oils with >20 oxyethylene units (SO/Dehydrated castor oil 20, SO/Dehydrated castor oil 30, SO/Dehydrated castor oil 60, and SO/Dehydrated castor oil 100). These findings clearly demonstrate that 20 oxyethylene units in Dehydrated castor oils are the minimum requirement for the prolongation of the plasma circulation time of the incorporated drug in SO/Dehydrated castor oils NEs. The earlier described studies suggest the involvement of oil or structured lipids in the enhancement of systemic circulation of the NE. Dehydrated castor oil is a multi-purpose vegetable oil that people have used for thousands of years. It’s made by extracting oil from the seeds of the Ricinus communis plant. These seeds, which are known as castor beans, contain a toxic enzyme called ricin. However, the heating process that Dehydrated castor oil undergoes deactivates it, allowing the oil to be used safely. Dehydrated castor oil has a number of medicinal, industrial and pharmaceutical uses. It’s commonly used as an additive in foods, medications and skin care products, as well as an industrial lubricant and biodiesel fuel component. In ancient Egypt, Dehydrated castor oil was burned as fuel in lamps, used as a natural remedy to treat ailments like eye irritation and even given to pregnant women to stimulate labor. Today, Dehydrated castor oil remains a popular natural treatment for common conditions like constipation and skin ailments and is commonly used in natural beauty products. Here are 7 benefits and uses of Dehydrated castor oil. 1. A Powerful Laxative Perhaps one of the best-known medicinal uses for Dehydrated castor oil is as a natural laxative. It’s classified as a stimulant laxative, meaning that it increases the movement of the muscles that push material through the intestines, helping clear the bowels. Stimulant laxatives act rapidly and are commonly used to relieve temporary constipation. When consumed by mouth, Dehydrated castor oil is broken down in the small intestine, releasing ricinoleic acid, the main fatty acid in Dehydrated castor oil. The ricinoleic acid is then absorbed by the intestine, stimulating a strong laxative effect. In fact, several studies have shown that Dehydrated castor oil can relieve constipation. For example, one study found that when elderly people took Dehydrated castor oil, they experienced decreased symptoms of constipation, including less straining during defecation and lower reported feelings of incomplete bowel movements. While Dehydrated castor oil is considered safe in small doses, larger amounts can cause abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea (4Trusted Source). Although it can be used to relieve occasional constipation, Dehydrated castor oil is not recommended as a treatment for long-term issues. Dehydrated castor oil can be used as a natural remedy for occasional constipation. However, it can cause side effects like cramping and diarrhea and should not be used to treat chronic constipation. 2. A Natural Moisturizer Dehydrated castor oil is rich in ricinoleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid. These types of fats act as humectants and can be used to moisturize the skin. Humectants retain moisture by preventing water loss through the outer layer of the skin. Dehydrated castor oil is often used in cosmetics to promote hydration and often added to products like lotions, makeup and cleansers. You can also use this rich oil on its own as a natural alternative to store-bought moisturizers and lotions. Many popular moisturizing products found in stores contain potentially harmful ingredients like preservatives, perfumes and dyes, which could irritate the skin and harm overall health. Swapping out these products for Dehydrated castor oil can help reduce your exposure to these additives. Plus, Dehydrated castor oil is inexpensive and can be used on the face and body. Dehydrated castor oil is thick, so it’s frequently mixed with other skin-friendly oils like almond, olive and coconut oil to make an ultra-hydrating moisturizer. Though applying Dehydrated castor oil to the skin is considered safe for most, it can cause an allergic reaction in some people (6Trusted Source). Dehydrated castor oil can help lock moisture in the skin. Though this natural alternative to store-bought products is considered safe for most, it can cause allergic reactions in some. 3. Promotes Wound Healing Applying Dehydrated castor oil to wounds creates a moist environment that promotes healing and prevents sores from drying out. Venelex, a popular ointment used in clinical settings to treat wounds, contains a mixture of Dehydrated castor oil and Peru balsam, a balm derived from the Myroxylon tree. Dehydrated castor oil stimulates tissue growth so that a barrier can be formed between the wound and the environment, decreasing the risk of infection. It also reduces dryness and cornification, the buildup of dead skin cells that can delay wound healing (8). Studies have found that ointments containing Dehydrated castor oil may be especially helpful in healing pressure ulcers, a type wound that develops from prolonged pressure on the skin. One study looked at the wound-healing effects of an ointment containing Dehydrated castor oil in 861 nursing home residents with pressure ulcers. Those whose wounds were treated with Dehydrated castor oil experienced higher healing rates and shorter healing times than those treated with other methods (9Trusted Source). Dehydrated castor oil helps heal wounds by stimulating the growth of new tissue, reducing dryness and preventing the buildup of dead skin cells. 4. Impressive Anti-Inflammatory Effects Ricinoleic acid, the main fatty acid found in Dehydrated castor oil, has impressive anti-inflammatory properties. Studies have shown that when Dehydrated castor oil is applied topically, it reduces inflammation and relieves pain. The pain-reducing and anti-inflammatory qualities of Dehydrated castor oil may be particularly helpful to those with an inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis. Animal and test-tube studies have found that ricinoleic acid reduces pain and swelling. One study demonstrated that treatment with a gel containing ricinoleic acid led to a significant reduction in pain and inflammation when applied to the skin, compared to other treatment methods. A test-tube component of the same study showed that ricinoleic acid helped reduce inflammation caused by human rheumatoid arthritis cells more than another treatment. Aside from Dehydrated castor oil’s potential to reduce inflammation, it may help relieve dry, irritated skin in those with psoriasis, thanks to its moisturizing properties. Although these results are promising, more human studies are needed to determine the effects of Dehydrated castor oil on inflammatory conditions. Dehydrated castor oil is high in ricinoleic acid, a fatty acid that has been shown to help reduce pain and inflammation in test-tube and animal studies. 5. Reduces Acne Acne is a skin condition that can cause blackheads, pus-filled pimples and large, painful bumps on the face and body. It’s most common in teens and young adults and can negatively impact self-esteem. Dehydrated castor oil has several qualities that may help reduce acne symptoms. Inflammation is thought to be a factor in the development and severity of acne, so applying Dehydrated castor oil to the skin may help reduce inflammation-related symptoms. Acne is also associated with an imbalance of certain types of bacteria normally found on the skin, including Staphylococcus aureus. Dehydrated castor oil has antimicrobial properties that may help fight bacterial overgrowth when applied to the skin. One test-tube study found that Dehydrated castor oil extract showed considerable antibacterial power, inhibiting the growth of several bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. Dehydrated castor oil is also a natural moisturizer, so it may help soothe the inflamed and irritated skin typical in those with acne. Dehydrated castor oil helps fight inflammation, reduce bacteria and soothe irritated skin, all of which can be helpful for those looking for a natural acne remedy. 6. Fights Fungus Candida albicans is a type of fungus that commonly causes dental issues like plaque overgrowth, gum infections and root canal infections. Dehydrated castor oil has antifungal properties and may help fight off Candida, keeping the mouth healthy. One test-tube study found that Dehydrated castor oil eliminated Candida albicans from contaminated human tooth roots. Dehydrated castor oil may also help treat denture-related stomatitis, a painful condition thought to be caused by Candida overgrowth. This is a common issue in elderly people who wear dentures. A study in 30 elderly people with denture-related stomatitis showed that treatment with Dehydrated castor oil led to improvements in the clinical signs of stomatitis, including inflammation (17Trusted Source). Another study found that brushing with and soaking dentures in a solution containing Dehydrated castor oil led to significant reductions in Candida in elderly people who wore dentures (18Trusted Source). Several studies have shown that Dehydrated castor oil may help fight fungal infections in the mouth caused by Candida albicans. 7. Keeps Your Hair and Scalp Healthy Many people use Dehydrated castor oil as a natural hair conditioner. Dry or damaged hair can especially benefit from an intense moisturizer like Dehydrated castor oil. Applying fats like Dehydrated castor oil to the hair on a regular basis helps lubricate the hair shaft, increasing flexibility and decreasing the chance of breakage. Dehydrated castor oil may benefit those who experience dandruff, a common scalp condition characterized b
DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA)
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is an organic compound which has several industrial applications.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a colorless crystal or light yellow powder, insoluble in water, soluble in benzene, ether, acetone and hot ethanol.


CAS Number(s): 520-45-6771-03-916807-48-0
EC Number(s): 208-293-9212-227-4
MDL Number: MFCD00066709
Chem/IUPAC Name: 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
Chemical formula: C8H8O4



SYNONYMS:
DHA, dhaa, 3-ACETYL-6-METHYL-2H-PYRAN-2,4(3H)-DIONE, 2H-Pyran-2-one, 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-, Geogard(R) 221, DEHYDRANONE, Biocide 470F, Geogard(R) 361, Geogard(R) 111A, DA,Dehydroacetic, 2H-Pyran-2,4(3H)-dione, 3-acetyl-6-methyl-, Dehydracetic acid, DHA, DHS, 3-Acetyl-6-Methyldihydropyrandione-2,4(3H), 4-Hexenoic acid, 2-acetyl-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-, δ-lactone, Methylacetopyronone, 2-Acetyl-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-hexenoic acid, δ-lactone, 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2,4(3H)-pyrandione, 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione, 3-Acetyl-6-methylpyrandione-2,4, 3-Acetyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one, 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione, enol form, Kyselina dehydroacetova, DHAA, 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-pyran-2,4-dione, 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione, ion(1-), 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-2,4-dione, Acetic acid, dehydro-, Biocide 470F, NSC 8770, 3-Acetyl-2-hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, Biocide 470F, Methylacetopyronone



Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a synthetic organic compound with the chemical formula C8H8O4.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a white to light yellow powder that is soluble in various organic solvents such as glycerol, propylene glycol.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) belongs to the family of pyrones.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA), with the chemical formula C8H8O4 and CAS registry number 520-45-6, is a compound known for its applications in the cosmetic and personal care industry.
This white crystalline powder is characterized by its ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, making Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) a popular ingredient in various skincare and haircare products.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is often used as a preservative, helping to extend the shelf life of these products by preventing the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is considered safe for use in cosmetics and has been approved by regulatory bodies such as the European Union and the United States Food and Drug Administration.


Overall, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) plays a crucial role in maintaining the quality and safety of cosmetic and personal care products.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a colorless crystal or light yellow powder, insoluble in water, soluble in benzene, ether, acetone and hot ethanol.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a pyran-2,4-dione substituted at position 3 by an acetyl group and at position 6 by a methyl group.


A fungicide and bactericide Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used primarily in processed fruit and vegetables.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has a role as a fungicide, an antibacterial agent and a plasticiser.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a pyran-2,4-dione and a ketone.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is widely found in many deep sea fish oil, marine algae and some terrestrial plants.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid, which is essential for nutrition. MP44 C.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is very unstable to light, oxygen and heat, easy to oxidize and crack, and antioxidant should be added generally.


In addition, lecithin, dextrose, cyclodextrin or inert gas can be added to improve the stability of the preparation.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a colorless crystal or light yellow powder, insoluble in water, soluble in benzene, ether, acetone and hot ethanol.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA), also known as 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4 (3H)-dione, is a synthetic preservative that is frequently used in cosmetic products.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) operates as a kind of cosmetic patrol guard, warding off the growth of yeast, mold, and bacteria in products to prolong their shelf-life .
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) usually appears in minute amounts, ranging from 0.06% to a maximum of 0.6% in ready-to-use cosmetics .


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is classified as a pyrone derivative.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) presents as an odorless, colorless to white crystalline powder, almost insoluble in water and moderately soluble in most organic solvents.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a safe ingredient that helps to prevent cosmetics and foods from spoiling.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is effective against a broad range of microorganisms but is especially active against moulds and yeasts.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is one of the few preservatives permitted for Ecocert applications.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is classified as a pyrone derivative.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) presents as an odorless, colorless to white crystalline powder, almost insoluble in water and moderately soluble in most organic solvents.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA), also known as Sodium Dehydroacetate is used as a preservative in cosmetics.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) kills microorganisms and prevents their growth and reproduction, thus protecting cosmetics and personal care products from spoilage.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is an organic compound which is accepted for use in natural cosmetics, offering a broad spectrum of stability at a wide range of pH values.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is water soluble with an effective pH from pH 2–6; it is most efficient at pH levels below 5.5.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a synthetic preservative.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a pyrone derivative, that is typically synthesized by the base-catalyzed dimerization of diketene.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) offers reliable anti-fungal efficacy at relatively low product use levels.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is based on dehydroacetic acid (DHA); These preservatives have a wide range of global regulatory acceptance for many personal care and cosmetic applications.
Test data of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) to parabens show higher efficacy and substantially better performance in low to neutral pH formulations.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a broad spectrum of fungicide; it has potent inhibition on bacteria, mold, and yeast, especially mold.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) can dissolve in several kinds of oils.
However, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has poor solubility in water.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is stable to heat, and the antimicrobial action will not be affected even heat to 248°F so that it can be used in all kinds of heat process food.
But Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is evaporative along with water steam.


So Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) should be added during the later period of the heating process, and accordingly, the amount should increase.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has an excellent toxicity profile and is non-sensitizing and non-irritating.
In its raw form, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) appears as a white crystalline powder that is odorless.


Further, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a safe ingredient and is well tolerated by most skin types.
The chemical formula of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is C8H8O4.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is an organic compound which has several industrial applications.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a low toxicity, high efficiency, broad spectrum antimicrobial agent.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used as preservatives and anti-mould agent in paint, oil, leather products, food, feed, packaging materials and cosmetics.
The maximum allowable amount of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) (mass fraction) is 0.6% (acid), and the general use content (mass fraction) is 0.02% to 0.2%.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a broad-spectrum preservative, especially has strong bacteriostatic ability to molds and yeast.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a safe food preservative and preservative agent approved by FAO and WHOs.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'s main use is low toxicity, high efficiency, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a synthetic, organic compound commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria and mold.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used as stabilizer for cosmetic and pharmaceutical products due to its fungicide and bactericide activity, as additive for PVC-stabilizers and for the syntheses of veterinary medicines.


Geogard(R) 111a preservative is based on Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and therefore are recognized by major cosmetic, toiletry and fragrance regulatory authorities worldwide for use in cosmetic and personal care products.
Geogard(R) 221 preservative is based on Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and benzyl alcohol, and therefore is recognized by major cosmetic, toiletry and fragrance regulatory authorities worldwide for use in cosmetic and personal care products.


Geogard(R) 361 preservative is based on six synergistic components, all with wide global regulatory acceptance: dehydroacetic acid (DHA); salicylic acid; benzoic acid; phenoxyethanol; benzyl alcohol; and benzethonium chloride.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used antifungal, antibacterial


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a preservative with low sensitizing potential.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a weak acid used as a fungi-and bacteria-destroying agent in cosmetics.
The presence of organic matter decreases Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'s effective ness.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is not irritating or allergy causing when applied on the skin.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a preservative that is a crystalline powder with a solubility of less than 0.1 g in 100 g of water at 25°C.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) can undergo a variety of chemical reactions which give it utility in many applications.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used at 0.01–0.5% for microbiological growth inhibition in various foods.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used for cut or peeled squash, with no more than 65 ppm remaining in or on the prepared squash.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) can be used as mildew proof and antiseptic for coating, oil, leather products, food, feed, packaging materials and cosmetics.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'s main use is low toxicity, high efficiency, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is widely used in anti-mildew and anti-corrosion of coatings, oil, leather products, food, feed, packaging materials and cosmetics.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a new type of chemical preservative, a very important intermediate of organic synthesis and a good plasticizer.


Since it was found to be antibacterial, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and some of its derivatives have been used as preservatives in many countries.
At present, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and some of its derivatives have been used in anti mildew and anti-corrosion of industrial products such as food, textile, papermaking, rubber, plastics, archives and arts and crafts, with good results.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is easy to dissolve in the aqueous solution of fixed base, but difficult to dissolve in water.
1g is about soluble in 35ml ethanol and 5ml acetone.
The pH of its Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) saturated aqueous solution is equal to 4.


Industrially, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has several uses.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used as a fungicide and bactericide.
The sodium salt, sodium dehydroacetate, is often used in place of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) because of its greater solubility in water.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used as a food preservative to prevent pickle bloating in squash and strawberries.
When used as a food additive, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is referred to using the International Numbering System for Food Additives or E number 265.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used as a plasticizer in synthetic resins.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used as an antienzyme in toothpastes.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used as a precursor for dimethyl-4-pyridones.
Typical recommended use of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is 0.2–1%.


As a preservative Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used in the formulation of a wide variety of products, including bath, skin care, suntan, sunscreen, fragrance, shaving, hair and nail care products, as well as eye and facial makeup.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used as a preservative in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic products.


Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is stable to heat, and the antimicrobial action will not be affected even heat to 248°F so that it can be used in all kinds of heat process food.


In addition, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) acts as a preservative booster, improving the effectiveness of other antimicrobial agents like Phenoxyethanol.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is globally approved preservative for cosmetics and toiletries featuring high efficacy and low use-cost and broad spectrum activity.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a good fungicide and a mild bactericide that is suitable for NPA and Soil Association compliant formulations.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is an organic compound primarily serving as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care industry.


Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) fights off the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and mold in products, thus increasing the shelf life.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is compatible with other preservatives when combined for added efficiency - making it a versatile choice.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'s inhibiting action is better when in an acid environment.


-Preservative in cosmetics uses of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a widely preservative in cosmetics and personal care products particularly in skincare and haircare products.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms, thereby extending the shelf life of these products.
Formulator use Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) in moisturizers, creams, lotions, shampoos, conditioners, and other personal care items.


-Food and beverage industry uses of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a food preservative in some countries.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is effective against a wide range of microorganisms and can be used in various food and beverage products to inhibit spoilage.


-Agriculture uses of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is sometimes used as a preservative in agricultural products.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) can be applied to crops, fruits, and vegetables to prevent microbial growth and extend their shelf life.


-Pharmaceutical uses of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a preservative in some pharmaceutical formulations.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) helps maintain the integrity and stability of medicines by inhibiting microbial contamination.


-Water treatment uses of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) can be also as a biocide in water treatment systems.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) helps control the growth of bacteria and algae, preventing fouling and maintaining water quality.



WHAT IS DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA) USED FOR?
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is widely used in the cosmetic industry as an effective preservative.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) prevents the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi in formulations to make them last longer. Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is commonly found in lotions, creams, shampoos, conditioners, and other water-based formulations where microbial contamination is a concern.

Additionally, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) serves as an antimicrobial agent, ensuring product safety and integrity.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'s broad-spectrum efficacy, stability in various formulations, and compatibility with other preservatives make it a versatile choice for maintaining the quality and safety of cosmetic and personal care products.



ORIGIN OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is synthesized through the reaction of diketene and acetic acid.
Diketene, a highly reactive compound, reacts with acetic acid under controlled conditions to form Dehydroacetic acid (DHA).
This process involves careful temperature regulation and purification steps to ensure the purity of the final product. The synthesized Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is then crystallized and dried for use in cosmetics.



WHAT DOES DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA) DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Antimicrobial
*Preservative



SAFETY PROFILE OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a safe ingredient when used within the recommended concentration levels of 0.6% or less.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is non-irritating and is approved by regulatory agencies around the world.
However, a patch test is recommended before using any new product containing Dehydroacetic acid (DHA).
Since Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has synthetic origins, it is suitable for vegan and halal formulations.



ALTERNATIVES OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
*PHENOXYETHANOL,
*SODIUM BENZOATE,
*POTASSIUM SORBATE



FUNCTIONS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
*Preservative
*Preservative booster



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a white to cream-coloured powder that is only very slightly soluble in water (less than 0.1 %).
However, the sodium salt hydrate (CSH7Na04.H20) has a solubility of 33% in water at 25°C, and 48% in propylene glycol.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is 22% soluble in acetone, 18% in benzene, and I g dissolves in about 35 ml of ethanol.

Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is used to reduce pickle bloating, and as a pesticide and preservative for squash and strawberries.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'permissible use level is 65ppm.

Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is one of the food additives found in red wine and was determined by ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS).
To assay Dehydroacetic acid (DHA), add 500 mg to a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask and dissolve in 75 ml of neutral alcohol.

Following the addition of phenolphthalein T.S., titrate with 0.1 N NaOH to a pink end-point that persists for at least 30 s. Each ml of 0.1 N NaOH = 16.82 mg of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA).
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a synthetic chemical (no plant-based preservatives that meet our efficacy standards currently exist) that is considered to be a low hazard for human health and for the environment.



SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is typically synthesized by the base-catalyzed dimerization of diketene .
A detailed procedure for its synthesis can be found in the Organic Syntheses Procedure .



MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
The molecular formula of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is C8H8O4 .
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'s molecular weight is 168.1467 .
The IUPAC Standard InChI of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is InChI=1S/C8H8O4/c1-4-3-6 (10)7 (5 (2)9)8 (11)12-4/h3,7H,1-2H3 .



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ANALYSIS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is an odorless, colorless to white crystalline powder .
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is almost insoluble in water and moderately soluble in most organic solvents .
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has a melting point of 109 °C and a boiling point of 270 °C



IS DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA) SAFE TO USE?
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used in appropriate amounts.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is widely used and approved as a preservative in a variety of personal care products.

As always, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'s always best to patch test new products and if you have sensitive skin or any known allergies, it's always best to consult a dermatologist before use.
Also, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA)'s always good to check the product's ingredient list to ensure that it's free from any ingredients that you may be allergic to.



BENEFIT CLAIMS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
*Anti-Bacterial,
*Anti-Fungal,
*Broad pH Stability,
*Chemical Stability,
*Compatibility,
*Preservation,
*Superior Performance



CHARACTERS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is white or light yellow crystalline powder, odorless, tasteless, melting point 108-110 degrees, boiling point 270 degrees.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a low toxicity and high-efficiency antiseptic and mildew inhibitor.
Under acid and alkali conditions, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has a certain antibacterial effect, especially the strongest inhibitory effect on mold.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is an effective disinfectant.



PREPARATION OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is prepared by the base-catalysed dimerization of diketene.
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is commonly used organic bases include imidazole, DABCO, and pyridine.



FEATURE OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
1. Broad-spectrum preservative
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) can inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast, mold, Escherichia coli and other microorganisms that can easily spoil food, beverages, pharmaceutical preparations and cosmetics.


2. Can inhibit the growth of yeast, mold and bacteria
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has a strong effect on yeast and mold that are easy to cause food spoilage.

The effective concentration of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is 0.05-0.1%, and the general dosage is 0.03-0.05%.
Basically, the antibacterial effect of Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is not affected by the pH of the food or heating.


3. High relative stability
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has no special requirements for the external environment.

Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) can be used under normal temperature, pressure and humidity, and has no strict requirements for the production process.
Sodium dehydroacetate is very stable to light and heat, except that Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is not affected by acid and alkali conditions.


4. High safety
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is a kind of food-safe preservative and antiseptic approved by FAO and WHO.

Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) can prevent or delay the formation of liver cancer in the gradual decomposition process in aqueous solution, and long-term contact will not cause irritating damage to the skin.
In terms of application, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) does not affect the taste and flavor of food



WHERE IS DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA) FROM?
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is synthesized chemically and not derived from any plant or natural sources.



WHERE IS DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA) USED?
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is commonly used as a preservative in a wide range of beauty products such as moisturizers, shampoos, conditioners, and hair sprays.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA)?
*Preservative
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) helps to prevent the growth of bacteria and mold, thereby extending the shelf life of the products.

*Eco-friendly
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is considered to be eco-friendly, it is biodegradable and non-toxic.

*Compatible with other preservatives
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is compatible with a wide range of other preservatives, which allows for a lower overall use level, making it a good option for formulating products.

*Efficacy
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) has been shown to be highly effective in preventing the growth of bacteria and mold, which can help to ensure the safety and quality of beauty products.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Mechanism of Action
Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) works by killing microorganisms and preventing their growth and reproduction, thus protecting cosmetics and personal care products from spoilage



FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
As for future directions, while specific research trends or advancements aren’t readily available, Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) continues to be a subject of study in various fields due to its preservative properties and its role in cosmetic products



STORAGE OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
1. Store Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) in a cool, dry and well ventilated warehouse.
Keep Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) away from fire and heat.
Protect Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) from direct sunlight.
Package sealed.

2. Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) shall be stored separately from acids and edible chemicals, and mixed storage shall be avoided.
The storage area shall be equipped with appropriate materials to contain the leakage.



PREPARATION OF DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
1) Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) is prepared from Ethyl acetoacetate by self-condensation under mildly alkaline conditions (Sodium bicarbonate).
2) by polymerization of Ketene, obtained by thermal decomposition of Acetone).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
Appearance: Dehydroacetic Acid is a beige to light-yellow crystalline powder.
Odor: slight sourness
Molecular weight: 168.15 g/mol
Melting point: Approximately 109-111 °C (228-232°F)
Solubility of (25℃,g/100g): ethanol 3, glycol 1.7,
olive oil<1.6, glycerin<0.1, water<0.1.
Its pH value of a saturated aqueous solution is 4.
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Boiling point,℃: 269.9
Melting point,℃: 109.00 ~ 111.00
Flash point,℃: 157

Refractive index: 1.4611
Solubility: Slightly soluble in ethanol and cold water
Specification
Items: Specification
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Assay, %: 98.00~100.5 0 (On Dried Substance)
Melting Point,℃: 109.00~111.00
Loss on Drying, %: ≤1.00
Residue on Ignition, %: ≤0.10
Lead(as Pb), mg/kg: ≤0.50
IUPAC Name: 3-acetyl-6-methylpyran-2,4-dione
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H8O4/c1-4-3-6(10)7(5(2)9)8(11)12-4/h3,7H,1-2H3

InChI Key: PGRHXDWITVMQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES: CC1=CC(=O)C(C(=O)O1)C(=O)C
Molecular Formula: C8H8O4
DSSTOX Substance ID: DTXSID6020014
Molecular Weight: 168.15 g/mol
Physical Description: Dry Powder, Colorless odorless solid;
Highly reactive;
White to cream-colored solid;
White odorless powder;
Boiling Point: 269.9 °C @ 760 MM HG
Flash Point: 157 °C; 315 °F (OPEN CUP)

Solubility: (WT/WT) 22% IN ACETONE, 18% IN BENZENE, 5% IN METHANOL,
3% IN USP ETHANOL, 3% IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, 5% IN ETHER, 0.7% IN N-HEPTANE,
LESS THAN 0.1% IN GLYCEROL, 1.6% IN OLIVE OIL, 1.7% IN PROPYLENE GLYCOL,
LESS THAN 0.1% IN WATER AT 25 °C, SOL IN ALKALIES, water solubility = 690 mg/l @ 25 °C
Vapor Density: 5.8 (AIR= 1)
Vapor Pressure: 1.9 MM HG AT 100 °C
Color/Form: NEEDLES FROM WATER,
RHOMBIC NEEDLES OR PRISMS FROM ALCOHOL,
WHITE TO CREAM CRYSTALLINE POWDER,
COLORLESS POWDER, Colorless crystals
CAS RN: 520-45-6, 16807-48-0
Melting Point: 109-111 °C (SUBLIMES)

Chemical Properties:
Boiling Point: 269.9°C, 270°C (lit.), 270 °C; 518 °F; 543 K
Melting Point: 109-111°C, 111-113°C (lit.), 109 °C; 228 °F; 382 K
pH: 4-6, 4 (2g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, 2g/l,
Water Solubility: 500mg/L at 25℃
Viscosity: Low
Chemical formula: C8H8O4
Molar mass: 168.148 g·mol−1, 168.15 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystals, Light yellow or cream,
Fine Crystalline Powder
Density: 1.1816 (rough estimate)
Vapor pressure: 0.001 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive index: 1.4611 (estimate)
Flash point: 157°C

Storage temp.: Store below +30°C
Form: Fine Crystalline Powder
pKa: 5.53±0.40 (Predicted)
Odor: Almost odorless, slightly bitter-sweet taste
Stability: Stable, Incompatible with oxidizing agents,
bases, reducing agents
LogP: 0.78 at 20℃
FDA 21 CFR: 172.130, 175.105
Identifiers:
CBNumber: CB0139753
Molecular Formula: C8H8O4
Molecular Weight: 168.15 g·mol−1

MDL Number: MFCD00066709
MOL File: 520-45-6.mol
InChIKey: PGRHXDWITVMQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII: 2KAG279R6R
References:
Merck: 14,2865
BRN: 6129
CAS DataBase Reference: 520-45-6 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
NIST Chemistry Reference: Dehydroacetic Acid (520-45-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione (520-45-6)
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): DEHYDROACETIC ACID



FIRST AID MEASURES of DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DEHYDROACETIC ACID (DHA):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available


DEHYMULS E
Dehypon Ls-54; C12-C14 Alcohols ethoxylated propoxylated; Alcohols, C12-14, ethoxylated propoxylated; Alcohol-(C12-C14), ethoxylated & propoxylated; Ethoxylated propoxylated alcohols C12-14 CAS NO:68439-51-0
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL)
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is suitable for skin care emulsions.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is an O/W cream base.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is a mixture of consistency giving factors and emulsifiers.

CAS: 25496-72-4
MF: C21H40O4
MW: 356.54
EINECS: 247-038-6

DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is used in face cleansing, baby care & cleansing, face-, color & body care products and sun-care (sun-protection, after-sun & self-tanning) products.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is prepared by esterification of commercial oleic acid that is derived either from edible sources or from tall oil fatty acids meeting the requirements of §172.862.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) contains glyceryl monooleate (C21H40O4 and glyceryl esters of fatty acids present in commercial oleic acid.
An antifog agent and dispersant.

DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL), commonly known as monoolein, is a glycerol monoester of oleic acid.
Pharmaceutically, DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is used as an emulsifier and permeation enhancer.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is a 3-acyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl group is (9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is a 3-acyl-sn-glycerol and a 1-oleoylglycerol.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) derives from an oleic acid.

DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 35-37 °C
Boiling point: 449.35°C (rough estimate)
Density: 0.96 g/cm3 (25 ºC)
Refractive index: 1.4626 (589.3 nm 40℃)
FEMA: 2526 | GLYCERYL MONOOLEATE
Storage temp.: −20°C
Solubility chloroform: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
Form: neat
Water Solubility: <3.57mg/L(30 ºC)
Stability: Hygroscopic
CAS DataBase Reference: 25496-72-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) (25496-72-4)

DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) has a faint fatty odor.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is a polar lipid that swells in water to give several phases with different rheological properties Glyceryl monooleate is a mixture of the glycerides of oleic acid and other fatty acids, consisting mainly of monooleate.
The PhEur 6.3 describes DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) as being a mixture of monoacylglycerols, mainly monooleoylglycerol, together with variable quantities of di- and triacylglycerols.
They are defined by the nominal content of monoacylglycerols and obtained by partial glycerolysis of vegetable oils mainly containing triacylglycerols of oleic acid or by esterification of glycerol by oleic acid, this fatty acid being of vegetable or animal origin.
A suitable antioxidant may be added.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) occur as amber oily liquids, which may be partially solidified at room temperature and have a characteristic odor.

Uses
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is used to synthesize water soluble drugs in need of sustained-release for drug delivery.

Pharmaceutical Applications
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is a polar lipid that swells in water to give several phases with different rheological properties.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is available in both nonemulsifying (n/e) and self-emulsifying (s/e) grades, the self-emulsifying grade containing about 5% of an anionic surfactant.
The nonemulsifying grade is used in topical formulations as an emollient and as an emulsifying agent for water-in-oil emulsions.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is also a stabilizer for oil-in-water emulsions.
The self-emulsifying grade is used as a primary emulsifier for oil-in-water systems.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) in excess water, forming a highly ordered cubic phase that can be used to sustain the release of various water-soluble drugs.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is also the basis of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is reported to enhance transdermal and buccal penetration.

Production Methods
DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) is prepared by the esterification of glycerol with fatty acids, chiefly oleic acid.
As the fatty acids are not pure substances, but rather a mixture of fatty acids, the product obtained from the esterification will contain a mixture of esters, including stearic and palmitic.
Di- and triesters may also be present.
The composition and, therefore, the physical properties of DEHYMULS F (SPECIAL) may thus vary considerably from manufacturer to manufacturer; e.g. the melting point may vary from 10–35°C.

Synonyms
Monoolein
111-03-5
Glyceryl monooleate
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl oleate
1-Monoolein
1-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol
1-Oleoylglycerol
Glycerol 1-monooleate
Glyceryl oleate
Glycerin 1-monooleate
1-Glyceryl oleate
1-Monooleoyl-rac-glycerol
1-Monooleoylglycerol
rac-1-Monooleoylglycerol
1-Oleylglycerol
rac-1-Monoolein
Glyceryl 1-oleate
Aldo HMO
Aldo MO
alpha-Monoolein
Glycerol oleate
Olein, 1-mono-
Danisco MO 90
1-Mono(cis-9-octacenoyl)glycerol
Oleic monoglyceride
.alpha.-Monoolein
Glycerine monooleate
Oleoylglycerol
Olicine
Peceol
Supeol
GLYCEROL MONOOLEATE
Loxiol G 10
Sinnoester ogc
Oleic acid monoglyceride
Oleylmonoglyceride
Dimodan LSQK
Emalsy MO
Emalsy OL
Glycerol alpha-monooleate
Adchem GMO
Edenor GMO
Emcol O
Kessco GMO
Nikkol MGO
Glycerin monooleate
Mazol GMO
Monoglyceryl oleate
Olein, mono-
Monoolein (VAN)
Glycolube 100
25496-72-4
Rikemal ol 100
Aldo MO-FG
Arlacel 129
Dimodan GMO 90
Rikemal O 71D
Sunsoft O 30B
Kemester 2000
2,3-dihydroxypropyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate
Emasol MO 50
Alkamuls GMO 45LG
Emerest 2421
Monomuls 90018
AJAX GMO
Excel O 95F
Excel O 95N
Excel O 95R
Aldo 40
FEMA No. 2526
Canamex Glicepol 182
Emrite 6009
Oleoyl glycerol
Emuldan RYLO-MG 90
Atmer 1007
Dur-Em 204
1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-rac-glycerol
Dur-EM 114
Glyceryl Monooleate (VAN)
1-oleoyl glycerol
Oleic acid glycerol monoester
Emery oleic acid ester 2221
HSDB 493
Monooleoylglycerol
CHEBI:75342
Glycerol alpha-cis-9-octadecenate
GMO 8903
Oleic acid, monoester with glycerol
EINECS 247-038-6
9-OCTADECENOIC ACID (Z)-, 2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL ESTER
Glyceryl monooleate [NF]
MFCD00042735
OL 100
Glycerol, 1-mono (9-octa-decenoate)
UNII-C4YAD5F5G6
UNII-D3AEF6S35P
NSC-406285
Emerest 2400
Glycerol .alpha.-monooleate
S 1096R
D3AEF6S35P
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
1,2,3-Propanetriol mono((Z)-9-octadecenoate)
S 1096
S 1097
EINECS 203-827-7
Glycerol .alpha.-cis-9-octadecenate
NSC 406285
Glycerides, C14-18 and C16-18-unsatd. mono- and di-
9-Octadecenoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0)[rac]
9-Octadecenoicacid(Z)-,2,3-dihydroxypropylester
oleoyl-glycerol
mono-olein
rac 1-Oleoyl Glycerol-d5
9-Octadecenoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
monolein
Glycerol 1-oleate
67701-32-0
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
2,3-dihydroxypropyl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate
rac 1-Oleoyl Glycerol
Rylo MG 19
rac-Glycerol 1-monooleate
Glyceryl cis-9-octadecenoate
Ablunol GMO
DL-a-Monoolein
Glycerol-1-oleate
glyceryl mono-oleate
Dimodan MO 90
1-(cis-9-Octadecenoyl)-rac-glycerol
Witconol 2421
dl-.alpha.-Monoolein
Glyceryl monooleate 40
Glyceryl monooleate 60
Glyceryl monooleate 90
Glyceryl monooleate 40%
Glyceryl monooleate 90%
D02XKE
C4YAD5F5G6
Olein, mono-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanediol monoester
Olein, 1-mono- (8CI)
SCHEMBL15603
1-(9Z)-octadecenoylglycerol
1-GLYCERYL MONOOLEATE
9-Octadecenoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, (Z)-
Mazol 300 K (Salt/Mix)
2,3 - dihydroxypropyl oleate
1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol
CHEMBL428593
GTPL5756
DTXSID3042003
1-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol, >=99%
GLYCERYL MONOOLEATE [FHFI]
EINECS 266-951-0
OLEATE, 2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL
BDBM50529937
LMGL01010005
NSC406285
AKOS015966695
BS-1088
DB13171
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl 9-cis-octadecenoate
LS-98319
SDA 04-002-00
HY-128754
CS-0102558
G0082
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl (9Z)-9-octadecenoate #
1-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol, technical, ~40% (TLC)
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
cis-9-Octadecenoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
W-109408
W-110892
MG (18:1/0:0/0:0)
Q27071132
9-Octadecenenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
9-octadecenoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, (9Z)-
9-Octadecenoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, (Z)-
CFF6FE9F-EF1B-4B03-88B1-5421DCF14582
Glycerides, C14-18 and C16-18-unsatd. mono-and di-
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (9CI)
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (9CI)
925-14-4
DEHYPON LS 54
N,N-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)ISOPROPANOLAMINE; Diethanolisopropanolamine; Diethyl Isopropanol Amine;DiethanolisopropanolaMine (DEIPA); 2,2'-(2-Hydroxypropylimino)bisethanol; 2,2'-[(2-Hydroxypropyl)imino]bisethanol; 1-[BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINO]-2-PROPANOL; 2-Propanol, 1-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-; N,N-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)ISOPROPANOLAMINE; 1-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propane-2-ol;1-[bis-2-hydroxy-ethyl-amino]-propan-2-ol CAS NO:6712-98-7
DEHYQUART L 80 T
Dehyquart L 80 T is a yellowish pumpable clear to slightly turbid liquid.
Dehyquart L 80 T is a conditioning agent for all kind of hair care preparations.


CAS Number: 57-55-6
INCI Name: Dicocoylethyl Hydroxyethylmonium Methosulfate (and) Propylene Glycol
classification: Cationic surfactant, hair conditioner
Display name: Dicocoylethylhydroxyethylmonium methosulfate PG



Dehyquart L 80 T is dicocoylethyl Hydroxyethylmonium Methosulfate (and) Propylene Glycol.
Dehyquart L 80 T is a cationic, conditioning agent.
Dehyquart L 80 T provides substantivity & has a positive influence on the dry and wet combability.


When combined with consistency giving, emulsifying & additional hair care ingredients Dehyquart L 80 T is suitable for preparation of simple hair conditioning creams and emulsions.
Dehyquart L 80 T is used in hair treatment products.


The shelf life of the Dehyquart L 80 T is one year.
Dehyquart L 80 T is a conditioning agent for all kind of hair care preparations.
Dehyquart L 80 T is a cationic, conditioning agent.


Dehyquart L 80 T provides substantivity & has a positive influence on the dry and wet combability.
When combined with consistency giving, emulsifying & additional hair care ingredients Dehyquart L 80 T is suitable for preparation of simple hair conditioning creams and emulsions.


Dehyquart L 80 T is used in hair treatment products.
The shelf life of the Dehyquart L 80 T is one year.
Dehyquart L 80 T is a yellowish pumpable clear to slightly turbid liquid.


Dehyquart L 80 T is a highly concentrated product produced from coconut fatty acid whose liquid consistency makes it easy to process.
Dehyquart L 80 T is a surfactant.
Dehyquart L 80 T is a liquid.


Dehyquart L 80 T is Dicocoylethyl hydroxyethylmonium metosulfate and propylene glycol.
Use levels of Dehyquart L 80 T is 1-5% active.
Dehyquart L 80 T is an 80% active material that uses propylene glycol to reduce viscosity.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DEHYQUART L 80 T:
Dehyquart L 80 T is a cationic, conditioning agent.
Dehyquart L 80 T provides substantivity & has a positive influence on the dry and wet combability.
When combined with consistency giving, emulsifying & additional hair care ingredients Dehyquart L 80 T is suitable for preparation of simple hair conditioning creams and emulsions.


Dehyquart L 80 T is used in hair treatment products.
Dehyquart L 80 T is mainly used as a conditioning component in hair aftertreatment agents.
Historically, Dehyquart L 80 T is used in hair care but may be used in skin care.


Dehyquart L 80 T is used hair Colorants, Hair Conditioning, Hair Treatment, Pet Care.
The favourable application characteristics of Dehyquart L 80 T allow the realization of modern hair care concepts.
Dehyquart L 80 T shows the good dermatological compatibility that is characteristic of this class of products.


Dehyquart L 80 T is used Cationic surfactant.
Cationic surfactant, Dehyquart L 80 T, has significant antistatic effect and has a good closing effect on hair scales.
Dehyquart L 80 T can be used in cream and lotion hair care products.


This quaternary compound, Dehyquart L 80 T, is mainly used as a conditioning component in hair aftertreatment agents.
Dehyquart L 80 T is used Hair.
Applications of Dehyquart L 80 T: Anti-static agent, cheater wax, dust mop treatment.



CHEMICAL FUNCTION OF DEHYQUART L 80 T:
*Conditioning Agent



CLAIMS OF DEHYQUART L 80 T:
*Conditioning Agents
*combing (wet)
*combing (dry)
*substantivity



CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION OF DEHYQUART L 80 T:
Dehyquart L 80 T is mixture of conditioning agent and propylene glycol



FUNCTIONS OF DEHYQUART L 80 T:
*Conditioner
*Cationic



FEATURES OF DEHYQUART L 80 T:
Dehyquart L 80 T is an ester cation that is mainly used as a conditioning ingredient in rinses and treatments to improve dry and wet combability.



FUNCTIONS OF DEHYQUART L 80 T:
*Antistatic :
Dehyquart L 80 T reduces static electricity by neutralizing electrical charge on a surface
*Hair conditioning :
Dehyquart L 80 T leaves hair easy to comb, soft, soft and shiny and / or confers volume, lightness and shine



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DEHYQUART L 80 T:
Physical form: Liquid
Molecular weight: approx. 680 g/mol
INCI name(s): Dicocoylethyl Hydroxyethylmonium Methosulfate (and) Propylene Glycol
Appearance at room temperature: Clear to cloudy, yellowish liquid
Odor at room temperature: Corresponds to the standard
Cationic surfactant (MW 680): 74.0 - 79.0 %
Water content (Karl-Fischer): max. 2.0 %
Acid value max.: 12.0 mg KOH/g
Color number: max. 5.0
pH value (5 %): 2.0 - 3.5



FIRST AID MEASURES of DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


DEHYQUART L 80 T
Dehyquart L 80 T, a highly concentrated productproduced from coconut fatty acid whose liquid consistency makes it easy to process.
The favourable application characteristics allow the realization of modern hair care concepts.
DehyquartL 80 T shows the good dermatological compatibility that is characteristic of this class of products.

CAS: 91995-81-2
EINECS: 295-344-3

Synonyms
Ester Quaternary Ammonium Salt,Ester Quats,Di(palmiticcarboxyethyl) Hydroxyethyl Methyl Ammonium Methylsulfate;Ester Quats;Fatty acids, C10-20 and C16-18-unsatd., reaction products with triethanolamine, di-Me sulfate-quaternized;Di(tallow-carboxyethyl)hydroxyethylmethylammoniummethylsulfate;Fettsuren, C10-20- und C16-18-ungesttigt, Reaktionsprodukte mit Triethanolamin, Dimethylsulfat-quaternisiert;Fatty acids, (C=10-20) and (C=16-18)-unsated., reaction products with triethanol amine, di-Me sulfate-quaternized;Triethanolamine dimethosulfate-fatty acid reaction product;Palm-based Ester quats (EQ) for Fabric Softeners,same as STEPANTEX SP-90

Thus Dehyquart L 80 T Esterquat can also be used for the production of leave-on hair care preparations which produce lasting effects on hair such as reduced static charge and improved wet and dry combability.
In combination with the modern care additives Lamesoft PW 45 or LamesoftPO 65, cold processable and sprayable mild hair care preparations (leave-on) can be easily produced.
Dehyquart L 80 T also exerts a positive influence on the “hair feel”, which is an important criterion for consumer acceptance.
Dehyquart L 80 T is a conditioning agent for all kind of hair care preparations.

Dehyquart L 80 T's surfactant properties make it effective in cleaning and care applications.
Dehyquart L 80 T can be found in products such as detergents, cleaning sprays, and other household cleaning products.
The versatility and effectiveness make Ester Quats, or Ester Quaternary Ammonium Salt a valuable ingredient in various industries.
Despite its chemical nature, the fact that Dehyquart L 80 T is made from vegetable origin makes it a more environmentally friendly option compared to other surfactants.

Dehyquart L 80 T is a surfactant whose chemical structure contains palmitic acid and ethoxy groups.
Dehyquart L 80 T has a strong surface active ability, can be used as emulsifier, thickener, dispersant and antistatic agent. Widely used in cosmetics, household cleaners, dyes, coatings and paper manufacturing industries.
The preparation method of ammonium salt of double palm carboxyethyl Hydroxyethyl methyl sulfate includes obtaining palmitoyl ethoxyethanol by esterification reaction of palmitic acid and ethoxyethanol, and then carrying out sulfation with formic acid, the final product is obtained by The ammonification reaction.
During use, Dehyquart L 80 T is necessary to note that the substance may be irritating to the skin and eyes, and contact with the skin and eyes should be avoided.
At the same time, Dehyquart L 80 T should be stored in a dry, cool place, and away from fire and oxidizing agents.
When disposing of waste, Dehyquart L 80 T is necessary to comply with relevant environmental protection regulations.

Uses
Fatty acids, C10-20 and C16-18-unsatd., reaction products with triethanolamine, di-Me sulfate-quaternised is an ester base quaternary ammonium Salt Ester base quaternary ammonium salt is a new type of cationic surfactant with excellent softness, anti-static and anti-yellowing properties.
They can be used as household softeners, fibre antistatic agents, industrial finishing additives, hair dyes and fuel additives.

Dehyquart L 80 T is a cationic surfactant of the new generation of ester quats.
The main characteristic is good softness and prominent biodegradation, excellent compatibility, dispersion, circulation moisturizing etc.
Dehyquart L 80 T is the latest international environmental protection softener raw materials.
In the industrial and civil used as softener also won't appear to become yellow even use high concentration products.
Dehyquart L 80 T's more suitable to produce concentrated products compared with the similar products, also suitable to be made into liquid products, and the concentrated products can be as high as 30%, convenient to produce emulsion and form the stable emulsion.
Widely used in antistatic, fabric softener, industrial finishing fertilizer, hair dye and finishing agent additive, etc.
DEHYTON DC
Dehyton DC is an amphoteric surfactant, suitable for shampoos, shower and bath preparations and skin cleansers.
Furthermore, Dehyton DC is a well compatible, amphoteric surfactant.

Dehyton DC is a fatty acid amide derivative with amphoteric structure.
The shelf life of Dehyton DC is 6 months.

Cas Number: 68650-39-5



APPLICATIONS


Dehyton DC is a mild surfactant.
Moreover, Dehyton DC is often used as the standard for mildness for low irritation baby shampoos.
Dehyton DC is derived from coconut oil.

Dehyton DC is supplied as a clear golden liquid, viscous with no odor.
Besides, Dehyton DC is often used in body washes, shampoos, bubble baths, cleansing lotions, creams, hand soaps, baby products, hair conditioners, cream rinses at a use level of 4-40%.

Dehyton DC is a very soft amphoteric surface-active agent, compatible with anionic, cationic (conditioning agent, germicides) and nonionic materials.
In addition, Dehyton DC is stable over a wide range of pH (2-13).

Dehyton DC has very good foaming performance not affected by the hardness of water or changes of pH.
More to that, Dehyton DC functions as cleanser / exfoliant.

Dehyton DC can be used as foaming agent.
Further to that, Dehyton DC can be used as rheology / viscosity modifier or amphoteric surfactant.


Benefits of Using Dehyton DC:

Non irritant
Cleansing / Purifying
Mildness
Booster Effect


Applications of Dehyton DC:

Shower gels
Baby formulations
Soaps
Body Wash
Bubble bath
Facial Cleansers
Make Up & Color Cosmetics
Make Up Removal
Lotions
Shampoos

Dehyton DC is preservative Free.
Additionally, Dehyton DC is vegan and cruelty free.

Dehyton DC is derived from non-food competing Palm Kernel oil.


Dehyton DC is a mild amphoteric surfactant with light color, low viscosity, low irritation, high foamability and high thickening ability.
Furthermore, Dehyton DC is widely used in mild shampoo, body wash, facial cleanser, hand soap, shaving products and so on, as primary or secondary surfactant.

In combination with anionic surfactants, synergistic effects are achieved which lead to a dermatologically improved final product.
Dehyton DC is used in liquid soaps, personal care wipes, shampoos, shower/bath formulas, facial cleansing and baby care & cleansing products.

Dehyton DC is a coco substituted imidazoline amphoteric surfactant.
This high foaming surfactant can be easily used in a broad number of personal care applications where mildness, foaming, and compatibility are important.


Uses of Dehyton DC:

Amphoteric surfactant, suitable for shampoos, shower and bath preparations and skin cleansers.
Cleanser / Exfoliant
Foaming agent (Personal Care)
Rheology / Viscosity modifier (Personal Care)
Surfactant (Personal Care)


Dehyton DC is the lauryl sulfate salt of an amphoteric surfactant derived from coconut imidozoline.
Moreover, Dehyton DC functions as a mild detergent, excellent foaming agent, and foam stabilizer in shampoos, baby baths, and industrial cleaners.

Dehyton DC is also used as a high-foaming surfactant for low irritation shampoos, bubble baths and body cleaners, and as a low-irritation detergent for shampoos and skin cleaners.
Besides, Dehyton DC can be used in shampoos, shower and bath preparations, skin cleansers, facial cleansing, baby care, liquid soaps and toilet soaps

Dehyton DC cleans the skin/hair by enabling water to mix with oil & dirt particles and rinse them off the surface.
In addition, Dehyton DC cleanses the skin/hair without stripping it of its natural oils and is thus incorporated into many "moisturizing" cosmetic cleaning products.


Skin care:

Dehyton DC is used in a wide variety of skin care products such as facial cleanser, body wash, acne treatment, exfoliant/scrub, mascara and eye makeup remover.


Hair care:

Dehyton DC is used as a hair conditioning agent, as it helps improve the look and feel of dry & damaged hair by restoring it with body, suppleness and sheen.
More to that, Dehyton DC is used in shampoo, baby shampoo, hair mask and conditioner.


Applications of Dehyton DC:

Baby Care and Cleansing
Face Cleansing
Liquid Soap
Personal Care Wipes
Shampoo
Shower/Bath Products


Dehyton DC is a synthetic amphoteric surfactant routinely used in personal care products.

Spesific applications of Dehyton DC:


Infant bath and shampoo
Shower gel
Facial cleanser
Hand sanitizer
Detergent
Cleaner


Recommended usage of Dehyton DC is 1-20%.



DESCRIPTION


Dehyton DC is a well compatible, amphoteric surfactant.
Further to that, Dehyton DC is a fatty acid amide derivative with amphoteric structure.

Dehyton DC is a surfactant that can be used as an antimicrobial agent.
Additionally, Dehyton DC is also a component of the analytical method for measuring fatty acids in plant material.

Dehyton DC has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Furthermore, Dehyton DC does not interact with the hydroxyl group of the fatty acid, but reacts with the acidic hydrogen on the carboxyl group, which leads to oxidation and degradation of the molecule.
Dehyton DC can be used for wastewater treatment and as an oxidation catalyst in organic synthesis.

Dehyton DC is a mild amphoteric surfactant of light color, low viscosity, low irritation, high foamability and high thickening ability.
Moreover, Dehyton DC is widely used in mild shampoo, body wash, facial cleanser, hand soap, shaving products, as primary or secondary surfactant.

Dehyton DC works as a mild foaming agent, cleanser and skin/hair conditioner.
As a foam booster, Dehyton DC increases a solution's foaming capacity by increasing the surface viscosity of the liquid which surrounds the individual bubbles in a foam.

Dehyton DC is a good foam booster and conditioning agent used in a variety of cosmetics and personal care products, particularly in face cleansers, scrubs and shaving creams.
Besides, Dehyton DC is mild to skin.

Dehyton DC makes cloth soft and smooth.
In addition, Dehyton DC makes hair soft, easy to comb, glossy and shiny.



PROPERTIES


Boiling Point: 100°C
Melting Point: -12°C
pH: 8.0
Solubility: Soluble in water
Appearance: Liquid.
Colour: Yellow.
Odour Characteristic:
Odour threshold: Not available.
pH (10% aqueous): 8.0 - 9.0
Melting point: Not available.
Initial boiling point and range: > 100°C/212°F
Flash point: Not available.
Evaporation rate: > 1
Flammability (solid, gas): Not applicable.
Flammability Limit - Lower(%): Not applicable.
Vapour pressure: ~20 mm Hg @ 25°C
Vapour density: > 1
Relative density: 1.15 - 1.20 @ 25°C
Solubility(ies): Soluble in water.
Partition coefficient: Not available.
Auto-ignition temperature: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature: Not available.
Viscosity: 3000 max @ 25°C
Explosive properties: Not applicable.
Oxidising properties: Not applicable.
Other information: None.
Pour Point: Not available.
Freezing Point: Not available.
Surface Tension: Not available.



FIRST AID


Eye contact:

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids.
Check for and remove any contact lenses. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes.
Get medical attention.


Inhalation:

Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
If not breathing, if breathing is irregular or if respiratory arrest occurs, provide artificial
respiration or oxygen by trained personnel.
It may be dangerous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

Get medical attention if adverse health effects persist or are severe.
If unconscious, place in recovery position and get medical attention immediately.

Maintain an open airway.
Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband.


Skin contact:

Flush contaminated skin with plenty of water.
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.

Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes.
Get medical attention.

Wash clothing before reuse.
Clean shoes thoroughly before reuse.


Ingestion:

Wash out mouth with water.
Remove dentures if any.
Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.

If material has been swallowed and the exposed person is conscious, give small quantities of water to drink.
Stop if the exposed person feels sick as vomiting may be dangerous.

Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
If vomiting occurs, the head should be kept low so that vomit does not enter the lungs.

Get medical attention if adverse health effects persist or are severe.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
If unconscious, place in recovery position and get medical attention immediately.

Maintain an open airway.
Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Protective measures:

Put on appropriate personal protective equipment.
Do not ingest.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing.

Avoid breathing vapor or mist.
Keep in the original container or an approved alternative made from a compatible material, kept tightly closed when not in use.

Empty containers retain product residue and can be hazardous.
Do not reuse container


Advice on general occupational hygiene:

Eating, drinking and smoking should be prohibited in areas where this material is handled, stored and processed.
Workers should wash hands and face before eating, drinking and smoking.
Remove contaminated clothing and protective equipment before entering eating areas.


Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Store in accordance with local regulations.
Store in original container protected from
direct sunlight in a dry, cool and well-ventilated area, away from incompatible materials and food and drink.

Keep container tightly closed and sealed until ready for use.
Containers that have been opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

Do not store in unlabeled containers.
Use appropriate containment to avoid environmental contamination.



SYNONYMS


DEHYTON® DC
DITEROL® G36
Cola® Det BSC (D)
Cola® Det GBP (D)
Cola® Det MCA-2 (D)
Cola® Det MS-1 (D)
Cola® Teric CDCX-50 (D)
Crodateric™ CDA 40
Euroglyc D
Euroglyc MD
PEL-AMPH™ 2C
Rewoteric® AM 2 C NM
HETAINE CDA
HETOXIDE MSC
TC-MAB 40CD
EMPIGEN® 5151
EMPIGEN® CDR 2M
Jeeteric CDX-38
Jeeteric CM-36S
Betadet® THC-2
LAKTONE 2SCA
Amphoterge® W-2
Schercoteric™ MS-2 50 Imidazolinium Amphoteric
Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate
MICONOL 2MCA
MICONOL C2M
MICONOL C2M(H)
Ampholak® MSX-2
Ampholak® XCO-30
CalBlend® FREE
Proteric™ CDL
Proteric™ CDX-38
RITAFACTANT 40 CD
Mackadet® BSC-NAD
Mackam® 2C
Mackam® 2C-75
Mackam® 2C-LV
Mackam® 2CT
Sopal 2690
Sopalteric DSC-90 LV
Sopalteric DSCYA-27
Abluter DCM
KlenSoft II™
KlenSoft™
AMPHOTENSID GB 2009 SP
TEQPON D
Amphotensid 9M
Amphotensid GLX
Amphotensid MIPA
amphosol 2C
amphoterge W2
cocoamphocarboxyglycinate
miranol C2M conc NP
schercoteric MS 2
Empigen CDR 40
Mackam 2C
Miracare 2MCAS
Miranol C 2M
Miranol C 2M Conc.
Miranol C 2M Concentrate
Miranol C 2M-NP
Miranol C 2M-NP-HV
Miranol C2M Conc. NP
Miranol C2M Concentrate NP
Monateric 805
Monateric CDX 38
Monateric CLV
Rewoteric AM 2C-NM
DENATONIUM
Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (under trade names such as Denatrol, BITTERANT-b, BITTER+PLUS, Bitrex, Bitrix, and Aversion) and as denatonium saccharide (BITTERANT-s), is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.
Denatonium was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by T.& H. Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the trademark Bitrex.
Denatonium of as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter to most humans.

CAS: 3734-33-6
MF: C28H34N2O3
MW: 446.58
EINECS: 223-095-2

Denatonium salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often traded as solutions.
They are used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventive nail biting preparations, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and Nintendo Switch game cards to prevent accidental swallowing or choking by children.
Denatonium is not known to pose any long-term health risks.

The name Denatonium reflects the substance's primary use as a denaturant and its chemical nature as a cation, hence -onium as a Neo-Latin suffix.
Denatonium is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.
For example, Denatonium has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos.

Moreover, Denatonium has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.
However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.
Denatonium is the best denaturant for alcohols and the world's bitterest known substance, adding as little as thirty parts to one million parts of a liquid makes that liquid too bitter to be tolerated by most human subjects, and because Denatonium is so bitter that it is commonly added to household items and outdoor products to prevent accidental poisonings.

Denatonium Chemical Properties
Melting point: 164-168 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 555.91°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.1256 (rough estimate)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.5800 (estimate)
Fp: 100℃
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility methanol: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
Form: Solid
Color: White to Off-White
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland
Water Solubility: 42.555g/L at 25℃
Merck: 14,2891
BRN: 8179408
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.2 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 3734-33-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Denatonium (3734-33-6)

Structure, synthesis, and physical properties
Denatonium is a quaternary ammonium cation.
Denatonium is composed as a salt with any of several anions, such as benzoate or saccharinate.
Denatonium can be obtained by the quaternization of lidocaine, a popular anesthetic, with benzyl chloride or a similar reagent.
To obtain other salts, like the benzoate, the formed denatonium chloride is subjected to an anion exchange reaction with sodium benzoate, or first sodium hydroxide to make Denatonium hydroxide followed by neutralization with benzoic acid.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.

Biochemistry
Denatonium in humans is recognized by eight distinct bitter taste receptors: TAS2R4, TAS2R8, TAS2R10, TAS2R39, TAS2R43, TAS2R16, TAS2R46, and TAS2R47, being by far the most sensitive to the compound.
Denatonium can act as a bronchodilator by activating bitter taste receptors in the airway smooth muscle.

Uses
Added to toxic substances as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Can replace brucine or quassin as denaturant for ethyl alcohol.
The bitterest compound known Denatonium is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Denatonium is also used in antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Further, Denatonium is used in air care products.
Denatonium acts as H1 antihistamine.
In addition to this, Denatonium is used as a disinfectant.

The bitterness of the compound guides most applications of denatonium.
Denatonium is used to denature ethanol so that it is not treated as an alcoholic beverage with respect to taxation and sales restrictions.
One designation in particular, SD-40B, indicates that ethanol has been denatured using denatonium benzoate.
Denatonium is commonly included in placebos used in clinical trials to mimic the bitter taste of certain medications.

Denatonium also discourages consumption of poisonous alcohols such as methanol and additives such as ethylene glycol.
Denatonium is also added to many kinds of harmful liquids, including solvents (such as nail polish remover), paints, varnishes, toiletries and other personal care items, special nail polish for preventing nail biting, and various other household products.
Denatonium is also added to less hazardous aerosol products (such as gas dusters) to discourage inhalant abuse of the volatile vapors.

In 1995, the U.S. state of Oregon required that denatonium benzoate be added to products containing sweet-tasting ethylene glycol and methanol such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluid to prevent poisonings of children and animals.
In December 2012, U.S. manufacturers voluntarily agreed to add Denatonium to antifreeze sold nationwide.

Animals are known to have different sensitivities to the effects of denatonium.
Denatonium is used in some animal repellents (especially for such large mammals as deer).
Denatonium has been used to safeguard rat poisons from human consumption, as humans are able to detect denatonium at much lower concentrations than rodents.
Nintendo Switch game cards are coated in Denatonium to prevent young children from consuming them.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Denatonium is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.
In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications Denatonium is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.
Denatonium benzoate may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
In pharmaceutical formulations, Denatonium has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation Denatonium has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.

Synonyms
DENATONIUM BENZOATE
3734-33-6
Bitrex
Lidocaine benzyl benzoate
THS-839
Denatonium (benzoate)
Aversion
Anispray
Gori
Denatonium benzoate anhydrous
Benzoato de denatonio
Benzoate de denatonium
Caswell No. 083BB
Lignocaine benzyl benzoate
Denatonii benzoas
WIN 16568
Denatonii benzoas [INN-Latin]
EINECS 223-095-2
UNII-M5BA6GAF1O
Benzoate de denatonium [INN-French]
Benzoato de denatonio [INN-Spanish]
MFCD00031578
M5BA6GAF1O
Denatonium benzoate [USAN:INN:BAN]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009106
NSC 157658
NSC-157658
ECX-95BY
Benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)ammonium benzoate
3734-33-6 (benzoate)
DTXSID8034376
WIN-16568
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium benzoate
NCGC00017043-02
CAS-3734-33-6
DTXCID6014376
((2,6-Xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)diethyl benzyl ammonium benzoate
Ammonium, benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)-, benzoate
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-diethylazanium;benzoate
N-(2-((2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethylbenzeneme- thanaminium benzoate
N-benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate (1:1)
LIDOCAINE BENZYL BENZOATE HYDRATE
Ammonium, benzyldiethyl[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]-, benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium, N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Denathonium benzoate
N-Benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
Benzoato di denatonio
SCHEMBL49511
MLS002154073
Denatonium benzoate, >=98%
Benzyldiethyl(2,6-xylylcarbamoylmethyl)ammonium benzoate
CHEMBL1371493
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [MI]
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [INN]
C21H29N2O.C7H5O2
VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [INCI]
HMS1571A03
HMS2093L12
HMS2098A03
HMS2233O05
HMS3373C04
HMS3715A03
Pharmakon1600-01505987
HY-B1146
Tox21_110754
Tox21_301587
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [WHO-DD]
NSC157658
NSC759299
AKOS015888129
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxo-ethyl]-diethyl-ammonium benzoate
N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]benzylammonium benzoate
Tox21_110754_1
CCG-213592
CS-4750
NSC-759299
Benzenemethanaminium, N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl) amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Denatonium benzoate, analytical standard
NCGC00017043-01
NCGC00091886-04
NCGC00164432-01
NCGC00255373-01
AC-14888
AS-15511
LS-16789
SMR001233385
SY075333
C21-H29-N2-O.C7-H5-O2
Ammonium,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]-, benzoate
D2124
FT-0622841
F16467
A823606
Q414815
W-106547
Denatonium benzoate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium Benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)-methyl]diethylammonium benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]-diethylammonium benzoate
Denatonium benzoate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Benzenemethanaminium,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium,N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
N-[2-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethylbenzenemethana minium benzoate
N-benzyl-2-(2,6-dimethylphenylamino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
Bencenometanaminio, N-[2-[(2,6-dimetilfenil) amino]-2-oxoetil]-N,N-dietil-, benzoato (1:1)
N-(2-((2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYL)AMINO)-2-OXOETHYL)-N,N-DIETHYLBENZENEMETHANAMINIUM BENZOATE
N-[2-[(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethylbenzenemethanaminium benzoate (1:1)
DENATONIUM
Denatonium is now known as the world's most bitter compound.
If we set the bitter degree of quinine as datum 1, the degree of bitterness of the product would be 1000.
A concentration of 10ppm solution is already too bitter to bear for most people.

CAS: 3734-33-6
MF: C28H34N2O3
MW: 446.58
EINECS: 223-095-2

The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter flavor.
Denatonium is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.
For example, Denatonium has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Moreover, Denatonium has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.
However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.

Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (under trade names such as Denatrol, BITTERANT-b, BITTER+PLUS, Bitrex, Bitrix, and Aversion) and as denatonium saccharide (BITTERANT-s), is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.
Denatonium was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by T.& H. Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the trademark Bitrex.
Dilutions of as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter to most humans.
Denatonium salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often traded as solutions.
Denatonium used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventive nail biting preparations, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and Nintendo Switch game cards to prevent accidental swallowing or choking by children.
Denatonium is not known to pose any long-term health risks.
The name denatonium reflects the substance's primary use as a denaturant and its chemical nature as a cation, hence -onium as a Neo-Latin suffix.

Chemical Properties
Melting point: 164-168 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 555.91°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.1256 (rough estimate)
Vapor pressure 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive Index: 1.5800 (estimate)
Fp: 100℃
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility: Methanol 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
Form: Solid
Color: White to Off-White
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland
Water Solubility: 42.555g/L at 25℃
Merck: 14,2891
BRN: 8179408
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.2 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 3734-33-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Denatonium (3734-33-6)

Chemical Structure
Denatonium is a kind of quaternary ammonium salt formed by the combination of the quaternary ammonium cation and inert anion such as benzoic acid or saccharin anion.
The structure of Denatonium's cation form is similar to that of a local anesthetic lidocaine with the only difference being an additional benzyl functional group located on the nitrogen atom of the amino.

Uses
Added to toxic substances as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Can replace brucine or quassin as denaturant for ethyl alcohol.
Denatonium is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.
In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications Denatonium is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.
Denatonium may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
In pharmaceutical formulations, Denatonium has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation it has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.

The bitterness of the compound guides most applications of denatonium.
Denatonium is used to denature ethanol so that it is not treated as an alcoholic beverage with respect to taxation and sales restrictions.
One designation in particular, SD-40B, indicates that ethanol has been denatured using Denatonium.
Denatonium is commonly included in placebos used in clinical trials to mimic the bitter taste of certain medications.
Denatonium also discourages consumption of poisonous alcohols such as methanol and additives such as ethylene glycol.
Denatonium is also added to many kinds of harmful liquids, including solvents (such as nail polish remover), paints, varnishes, toiletries and other personal care items, special nail polish for preventing nail biting, and various other household products. It is also added to less hazardous aerosol products (such as gas dusters) to discourage inhalant abuse of the volatile vapors.

In 1995, the U.S. state of Oregon required that Denatonium be added to products containing sweet-tasting ethylene glycol and methanol such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluid to prevent poisonings of children and animals.
In December 2012, U.S. manufacturers voluntarily agreed to add Denatonium to antifreeze sold nationwide.
Animals are known to have different sensitivities to the effects of denatonium.
Denatonium is used in some animal repellents (especially for such large mammals as deer).
Denatonium has been used to safeguard rat poisons from human consumption, as humans are able to detect denatonium at much lower concentrations than rodents.
Nintendo Switch game cartridges are coated in denatonium benzoate to prevent young children from consuming them.
The bitterest compound known Denatonium is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Further, Denatonium is used in air care products.
Denatonium acts as H1 antihistamine.
In addition to this, Denatonium is used as a disinfectant.

Production Methods
Denatonium was first synthesized in the 1950s and is usually prepared by reacting denatonium chloride with benzyl benzoate.
Denatonium is a quaternary ammonium cation.
Denatonium is composed as a salt with any of several anions, such as benzoate or saccharinate.
Denatonium can be obtained by the quaternization of lidocaine, a popular anesthetic, with benzyl chloride or a similar reagent.

To obtain other salts, like the benzoate, the formed denatonium chloride is subjected to an anion exchange reaction with sodium benzoate, or first sodium hydroxide to make denatonium hydroxide followed by neutralization with benzoic acid.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.
Preparation of Denatonium of pure quaternary salts from pure quaternary hydroxide, 100 gram (0.29 mol) of denatonium hydroxide was added to 150 ml of acetone at 30- 35 °C.
A solution of 38.91 gram (0.319 mol) of benzoic acid in 150 ml of acetone was added at 30-35 °C, i.e. 1.1 mol benzoic acid against 1 mol denatonium hydroxide, and the thus obtained mixture was stirred for 30 min at this temperature and 2.0 hrs at 30- 35 °C.

Synonyms
DENATONIUM BENZOATE
3734-33-6
Bitrex
Lidocaine benzyl benzoate
THS-839
Denatonium (benzoate)
Aversion
Denatonium benzoate anhydrous
Benzoato de denatonio
Benzoate de denatonium
Lignocaine benzyl benzoate
WIN 16568
MFCD00031578
M5BA6GAF1O
NSC-157658
ECX-95BY
Benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)ammonium benzoate
3734-33-6 (benzoate)
DTXSID8034376
NSC 157658
WIN-16568
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium benzoate
NCGC00017043-02
Anispray
CAS-3734-33-6
Gori
DTXCID6014376
Caswell No. 083BB
Denatonii benzoas
N-benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate (1:1)
Denatonii benzoas [INN-Latin]
LIDOCAINE BENZYL BENZOATE HYDRATE
EINECS 223-095-2
UNII-M5BA6GAF1O
Benzoate de denatonium [INN-French]
Benzoato de denatonio [INN-Spanish]
Denatonium benzoate [USAN:INN:BAN]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009106
N-Benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
Benzoato di denatonio
SCHEMBL49511
MLS002154073
Denatonium benzoate, >=98%
Benzyldiethyl(2,6-xylylcarbamoylmethyl)ammonium benzoate
CHEMBL1371493
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [MI]
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [INN]
VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
((2,6-Xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)diethyl benzyl ammonium benzoate
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [INCI]
HMS1571A03
HMS2093L12
HMS2098A03
HMS2233O05
HMS3373C04
HMS3715A03
Pharmakon1600-01505987
Ammonium, benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)-, benzoate
HY-B1146
Tox21_110754
Tox21_301587
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-diethylazanium;benzoate
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [WHO-DD]
NSC157658
NSC759299
AKOS015888129
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxo-ethyl]-diethyl-ammonium benzoate
N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]benzylammonium benzoate
Tox21_110754_1
CCG-213592
CS-4750
NSC-759299
Denatonium benzoate, analytical standard
N-(2-((2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethylbenzeneme- thanaminium benzoate
NCGC00017043-01
NCGC00091886-04
NCGC00164432-01
NCGC00255373-01
AC-14888
AS-15511
SMR001233385
SY075333
Ammonium,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]-, benzoate
D2124
FT-0622841
F16467
A823606
Q414815
W-106547
Denatonium benzoate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium Benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)-methyl]diethylammonium benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]-diethylammonium benzoate
Denatonium benzoate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Benzenemethanaminium,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium,N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
N-benzyl-2-(2,6-dimethylphenylamino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
N-(2-((2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYL)AMINO)-2-OXOETHYL)-N,N-DIETHYLBENZENEMETHANAMINIUM BENZOATE
DENATONIUM
Denatonium is a white, odorless, and mostly tasteless crystalline powder.
Denatonium is added to cleaning agents, detergents, and other household chemicals to prevent accidental ingestion and reduce the risk of poisoning.
Denatonium is included in automotive products like antifreeze and windshield washer fluids to deter ingestion, particularly by children and pets.

CAS Number: 3734-33-6
Molecular Formula: C28H34N2O3
Molecular Weight: 446.58
EINECS Number: 223-095-2

Denatonium, often referred to as the "most bitter substance in the world," is a chemical compound that belongs to a class of chemicals known as bittering agents.
Denatonium is often used to make various products unpalatable by adding an extremely bitter taste to them.
Denatonium is a kind of quaternary ammonium salt formed by the combination of the quaternary ammonium cation and inert anion such as benzoic acid or saccharin anion.

Denatonium is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
For example, it has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Moreover, Denatonium has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.

Denatonium is used in some nail polish removers to make them taste bitter and unpalatable, preventing nail-biting.
Some personal care items, such as nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics, may contain denatonium to discourage tasting or swallowing.
In specific medications and pharmaceutical formulations, denatonium is used to prevent misuse or accidental ingestion.

Denatonium is added to denatured alcohol to deter its consumption, as it is not intended for drinking.
Certain paints and coatings may incorporate denatonium to discourage consumption, which could be harmful.

Denatonium can be used to create an aversion to certain behaviors or habits by pairing them with the extremely bitter taste of denatonium.
Denatonium was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by T.& H. Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the trademark.

Dilutions of as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter to most humans.
Denatonium is not known to pose any long-term health risks.
Denatonium salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often traded as solutions.

They are used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventive nail biting preparations, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and Nintendo Switch game cards to prevent accidental swallowing or choking by children.
The name denatonium reflects the substance's primary use as a denaturant and its chemical nature as a cation, hence -onium as a Neo-Latin suffix.

Denatonium has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.
However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.
Denatonium is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.

Denatonium, also called Benzenemethanaminium and Benzyl diethyl ((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl) ammonium benzoate, is the bitterest compound known.
However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.
Connect Chemicals is the appointed distributor of the Denatonium product range of Wincom is a leading manufacturer of Denatonium located in the United States.

The primary use of Denatonium is for taste a version purposes for poison prevention.
Denatonium not only leaves a bitter flavor in the liquids, but also leaves a bitter residue on objects, like screens and keyboards, that may transfer to hands and cause problems (such as when eating).
Denatonium is not intended for use in any products or chemicals in which the intention is human ingestion.

Denatonium is a white powder with a water solubility of 42 grams per liter.
One gram of Denatonium can produce an extremely bitter and unpleasant taste in 100 liters of water (30 gallons).
Denatonium is so bitter that humans and pets can't stand it.

Denatonium is the active ingredient in products such as Tree Guard and Bitrex.
Denatonium is also used in combination with bad smelling compounds to repel animals.
Denatonium is a bittering agent.

Denatonium is considered the bitterest chemical compound with a range of uses in the manufacture of cleaners, automotive supplies as well as health and beauty items.
Commercially, Denatonium is available as a white crystalline powder, but Denatonium granules or solutions are also available.
Additionally, used in products like soap, animal repellents, antifreeze.

The structure of its cation form is similar to that of a local anesthetic lidocaine with the only difference being an additional benzyl functional group located on the nitrogen atom of the amino.
In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications Denatonium is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.

Denatonium may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
In pharmaceutical formulations, Denatonium has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation Denatonium has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.
Denatonium is added to various household products like cleaning agents, detergents, and solvents to deter accidental ingestion.

This helps reduce the risk of poisoning.
Denatonium, often referred to as Bitrex, is a chemical compound primarily used as a bittering agent.
Denatonium is known for being one of the most bitter substances known to humans.

Denatonium is commonly added to a wide range of products to make them unpalatable, thereby discouraging ingestion or consumption, especially by children, pets, or individuals seeking to misuse these products.
Denatonium is now known as the world's most bitter compound.
A concentration of 10ppm solution is already too bitter to bear for most people.

Denatonium does, however, cause a very bitter taste in humans and most animals at concentrations in the parts per million range.
Denatonium's disgusting taste can be used as a deterrent on products that are not intended for consumption and / or is harmful upon consumption.
Nintendo Switch game cards are coated with Denatonium to prevent young children from consuming them.

Denatonium is used as a solvent in the food and beverage industry and in many home and personal care products.
Denatonium, commonly found as Denatonium and Denatonium Saccharide, is the bitterest known chemical compound with bitter thresholds of 0.05 ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.
They are used as deterrents (bitterness) to prevent chemical and dangerous products from being swallowed improperly.

Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, breathing mask compatibility test, repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Denatonium (de-an-TOE-nee-um BEN-zoh-ate) is generally regarded as having the most bitter taste of any compound known to science.
Denatonium is sold under the trade name of Bitrex.

Although Denatonium has a powerful taste, it is colorless and odorless.
The taste is so strong, however, that most people cannot tolerate a concentration of more than 30 parts per million of Denatonium.
Solutions of Denatonium in alcohol or water are very stable and retain their bitter taste for many years.

Exposure to light does not lessen the Denatonium's bitter taste.
Denatonium, also known as denatonium saccharide, is a bitter chemical compound used to denature ethanol so it is not considered an alcoholic beverage and in clinical trials to replicate the bitter taste of some medications.
Ungraded products supplied by TCI America are generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Denatonium (Denatrol) with CAS 3734-33-6 is a bittering agent used as an aversion additive in various chemical and manufactured products.
Denatonium is a quaternary ammonium cation.
Denatonium is composed as a salt with any of several anions, such as benzoate or saccharinate.

Denatonium can be obtained by the quaternization of lidocaine, a popular anesthetic, with benzyl chloride or a similar reagent.
To obtain other salts, like the benzoate, the formed denatonium chloride is subjected to an anion exchange reaction with sodium benzoate, or first sodium hydroxide to make denatonium hydroxide followed by neutralization with benzoic acid.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.

Denatonium is one of the most bitter substances known.
Just a few parts per million will make a product so bitter that children and pets will not be able to swallow it.
Denatonium makes sweet but highly toxic products such as antifreeze and detergents taste foul.

Research shows that people can detect Denatonium in water at 50 parts per billion.
Denatonium is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.

Some automotive products, such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluids, contain Denatonium to prevent accidental ingestion, which could be harmful.
Certain paints and coatings may include Denatonium to discourage consumption, which could be toxic.
Nail polish removers may contain Denatonium to make them taste bad, preventing ingestion.

Some personal care products, like nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics, use Denatonium to make them unappealing to taste.
In some cases, Denatonium is used in medications to deter misuse or accidental ingestion.
Denatonium is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.

Denatonium is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.
In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications it is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.

Denatonium may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
In pharmaceutical formulations, Denatonium has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation it has been used in an antinailbiting preparation.
Denatonium is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonmutagenic substance.

However,there has been a single report of contact urticaria attributed to Denatonium occurring in a 30-year-old man who developed asthma and pruritus after using an insecticidal spray denatured with Denatonium.
Denatonium is an ionized compound made up of a negatively charged benzoic acid and quaternary ammonium cation (denatonium).
Denatonium is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm.
Denatonium is also stable and inert.

In addition, so little is needed that the properties of the product remain unchanged.
Denatonium can act as a bronchodilator by activating bitter taste receptors in the airway smooth muscle.
Denatonium is applied on surfaces of toys as a bittering agent to prevent substantial consumption of hazardous materials.

Denatonium is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
The bitterness of the compound guides most of the Denatonium applications.
Denatonium is used to denature ethanol so that Denatonium is not treated as an alcoholic beverage in terms of taxation and sales restrictions.

A particular designation states that ethanol has been denatured using Denatonium.
Denatonium is often included in placebo drugs used in clinical trials to mimic the bitter taste of some drugs.
Denatonium (Bitrex) also discourages the consumption of harmful alcohols such as methanol and additives such as ethylene glycol.

Denatonium is also added to many harmful liquids, including solvents (such as nail polish remover), paints, polishes, toiletries and other personal care products, special nail polish to prevent nail biting, and various other household products.
Denatonium is also added to less hazardous aerosol products (such as gas jets) to avoid inhaled substance abuse of volatile vapors.
In 1995, the US state of Oregon required the addition of Denatonium to products such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluid containing sweet-tasting ethylene glycol and methanol to prevent.

In December 2012, US manufacturers voluntarily agreed to add Denatonium to antifreeze sold nationwide.
Denatonium is a rather more convenient name than phenylmethyl-[2- [(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-diethylammonium.

Denatonium is a quaternary ammonium cation, with two ethyl arms, one benzyl and one larger amide one, and usually comes as a benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid.
Denatoniums claim to fame is simple, unpleasant but valuable - Denatonium is the most bitter substance yet discovered.
The bitterest compound known Denatonium is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.

Denatonium is also used in antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Further, Denatonium is used in air care products.
Denatonium acts as H1 antihistamine.

In addition to this, Denatonium is used as a disinfectant.
Ethanol or ethyl alcohol, sometimes just called Alcohol, is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.
In the United States alcoholic beverages (liquor, wine, beer, etc.) are heavily taxed.

In order to avoid paying beverage taxes on alcohol that is not meant to be consumed (e.g., for use in cosmetic and personal care products), the alcohol must be denatured per specific formulations given by the U.S.
Discovered in 1958, it also has the tradename "Bitrex" (a trademark of UK company Macfarlan Smith).
As little as ten parts per million make substances unbearably bitter to most humans.

Denatonium is a white, odourless solid that is used as an aversive agent, i.e. an additive that prevents accidental ingestion of a toxic substance by humans, articularly children, and by animals.
Denatonium consists of benzoate (that is, the conjugate base of benzoic acid) and an ester of two PABA molecules.
Its structure is related to lidocaine, differing only by the addition of a benzene and benzoate ion in solution.

Denatonium's also similar in structure to other anesthetics like novocaine and cocaine.
Indeed, Denatonium was discovered during anesthetic research.
Denatonium benzoae, a white crystalline powder like many organic compounds, is not known to pose any long-term health risks although exposure may be irritating.

Government’s Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB).
The process adds a small amount of a denaturant to the alcohol to make it taste bad, thus creating alcohol that is not suitable for drinking, but is otherwise similar for other purposes.
When used in products that are not food, beverages or oral drugs, many other countries, like the U.S., also require that alcohol be denatured.

Denatured alcohol is generally identified as Alcohol Denat. or specially Denatured (SD) Alcohol.
Denatonium, t-Butyl Alcohol, Diethyl Phthalate, Methyl Alcohol, Salicylic Acid, Sodium Salicylate, and Methyl Salicylate are examples of denaturants permitted for use by the TTB and concluded to be safe for use in cosmetics.
Other countries have different rules on allowed denaturants so when formulating with local regulations.

Specific denatured alcohols containing these denaturants that are permitted for use in U.S. cosmetics and personal care products are SD Alcohol 3-A, SD Alcohol 30, SD Alcohol 39-B, SD Alcohol 39-C, SD Alcohol 40-B and SD Alcohol 40-C.
Denatonium (THS-839) is the most bitter chemical compound known,used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
In addition, little is needed for the properties of the product to remain unchanged.

Often found as Denatonium and denatonium saccharide, denatonium is the bitterest known chemical compound, with bitter thresholds being 0.05. ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.
Denatonium was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by MacFarlan Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the Bitrex trademark.
Dilutions as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter for most people.

Denatonium is chemical structure includes a benzoate group, which is a benzene ring attached to a carboxylic acid group, along with a denatonium cation.
The denatonium cation is the component responsible for its intensely bitter taste.
Denatonium is considered one of the most bitter substances known to humans.

Denatonium is often used as a reference point for measuring bitterness.
The bitter taste is so extreme that even in minute quantities, it can make a product unpalatable.
Denatonium is generally considered safe when used as intended in the recommended concentrations.

Denatonium is non-toxic and is not absorbed significantly through the skin, making it safe for use in a wide range of consumer products.
The use of Denatonium is subject to regulations in many countries.
There may be restrictions on its use in certain products, and there are guidelines on the maximum allowable concentration in specific applications.

Denatonium is also commonly known by its brand name Bitrex.
Bitrex is often used in marketing and labeling to indicate that a product contains Denatonium as a bittering agent.
Apart from the previously mentioned applications, Denatonium is used in various other products, such as denatured alcohol (to deter its consumption), some types of pesticides (to prevent oral ingestion), and even in some nail polishes to discourage nail-biting.

In some therapeutic contexts, Denatonium is used in taste aversion therapy.
This involves pairing the bitter taste of Denatonium with a specific behavior (e.g., smoking or nail-biting) to create a psychological aversion to that behavior.
Denatonium (THS-839) is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, and shampoos.

Denatonium, commonly available as Denatonium (trade name Bitrex), is the bitterest known chemical compound with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.
Scientists in Scotland discovered Denatonium during research on anesthetic lidocaine derivatives.
Denatonium’ s extremely bitter taste has proven effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals.

Denatonium is often included in placebo drugs used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain drugs.
Denatonium activates bitter taste receptors in many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular dependent pathways.

Denatonium is one of the bitterest known substances. Just a few parts per million make a product so painful that kids and pets can't swallow Denatonium.
Sweet but highly toxic products such as Denatonium, antifreeze and detergents make their taste bad.
Studies show that humans can detect 50 parts per billion of Denatonium in water.

Denatonium is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm. Denatonium is also stable and inert.
Denatonium salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often sold as solutions.
They are used as deterrent agents (bitterness) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.

Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventative nail biting preparations, respiratory mask compatibility tests, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and even Nintendo Switch playing cards to prevent children from accidentally swallowing or suffocating.
Denatonium is the active ingredient in products such as "Off Limits Dog Training Spray", "Anit-Chew Bitter Spray for Pets", "Ultra-Bitter Training Aid Spray", and "Bitter YUCK! No Chew Dog, Cat & Horse Spray".

Some examples of products which contain Denatonium are antifreeze, detergents (in ethanol), floor cleaner, paint stripper and toilet cleaner.
Denatonium is not known to pose any long-term health risks.
The name Denatonium is a portmanteau word that reflects the primary use of the substance as a denaturant and Denatonium’s chemical structure as a cation, hence the New Latin suffix -onium.

Denatonium is a quaternary ammonium cation.
Denatonium is a salt compound with an inert anion such as benzoate or saccharide.
The structure of denatonium is related to the local anesthetic lidocaine, which differs only by the addition of a benzyl group to amino nitrogen.

Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.
One of the chemical names of the compound is lidocaine benzylbenzoate, but denatonium only refers to the quaternary ammonium cation species itself and does not require benzoate counterion.
Denatonium is a rather more convenient name than phenylmethyl-[2- [(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-diethylammonium.

Denatonium is a quaternary ammonium cation, with two ethyl arms, one benzyl and one larger amide one, and usually comes as a benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid.
Denatonium's claim to fame is simple, unpleasant but valuable - Denatonium is the most bitter substance yet discovered.
This unreactive, colourless, odourless compound was first produced accidentally in 1958 by Scottish pharmaceutical manufacturer T & H Smith, later Macfarlan Smith, where researchers were experimenting with variants of an anaesthetic for dentists called lignocaine.

Melting point: 164-168 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 555.91°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.1256 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5800 (estimate)
Flash point: 100℃
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: methanol: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
form: Solid
color: White to Off-White
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland
Water Solubility: 42.555g/L at 25℃
Merck: 14,2891
BRN: 8179408
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.2 at 25℃

Denatonium’ s bitter properties make Denatonium an excellent repellent and when added to phytosanitary products it contributes to inhibiting the feeding of animals on treated trees and plants.
Denatonium is odorless, colorless and non-reactive, making Denatonium a suitable additive that does not interfere with the primary purpose of the base compound.
Denatonium is used as an alcohol denaturant, possibly a combination of 20 in United States pictures.

Among these flavors, Denatonium with a bitter taste cause the most reactions.
Sensitivity to bitter flavors depends on genetics: The TAS2R38 gene determines a person's ability to detect bitterness associated with substances such as quinine, a component in tonic water.
People can typically feel things that taste sweet, sour, salty, salty, and bitter.

Denatonium is also the standard for this kind of bitter taste.
At a concentration of 0.008 moles per cubic meter, the human tongue can detect the presence of quinine.
For Denatonium, a concentration of 0.000008 moles per cubic meter can be noticed by humans.

Bitter substances such as Denatonium are useful as deterrent additives to prevent accidental ingestion of dangerous automotive compounds.
In Europe and some US states, ethylene glycol or Denatonium must be added to antifreeze and windshield washer fluids.
Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergents, and insecticides contain certain amounts of Denatonium to deter oral consumption.

Denatonium is applied to the surfaces of toys as a painful substance to prevent significant consumption of hazardous substances.
Denatonium also applies to outdoor cables and wires to prevent rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium is a deterrent agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks, and rodenticides to suppress swallowing, especially when young children come into contact with these toxic substances.

Until now, the most common use of Denatonium is to denature alcohol so that Denatonium is unfit for human consumption and is exempted from the tariffs ormally valid for alcohol.
In recent years, its inclusion in household products, garden products, and cosmetics has been intensely promoted to prevent children from accidentally swallowing it.
A concentrated solution of Denatonium is available in the USA, which will be sold directly to the public in addition to household products.

Efficacy and safety studies on Denatonium are limited and may be subject to different interpretations when considered in the context of a potential bittering.
Denatonium is used in many personal care products such as make-up, lotion, fragrance, shaving, oral care, skin care and hair care products, where it functions as antifoam, cosmetic astringent, solvent and viscosity reducing agent.
In OTC antimicrobial drug products, Alcohol also functions as an antimicrobial agent to kill germs.

Commonly found as Denatonium (or under trade names like Bitrex or Aversion) and denatonium saccharide, denatonium is the bitterest known compound.
Denatonium’ s repellent qualities equally help fight rodents such as rats or mice.
Denatonium is a potent bitter taste receptor agonist widely used for activation of different cell pathways.

Taste signals have been associated with food recognition and food avoidance, and the bitter taste causes a deterrent response and is supposed to protect chickens from consuming poisons and harmful toxic substances.
The results of the study revealed that dietary supplementation with medium and high doses of Denatonium induced apoptosis and autophagy, respectively, damaging epithelial cells of the heart and kidneys and reducing the growth.

In some regions, denatonium is added to tobacco products like cigarettes and chewing tobacco to discourage their consumption, particularly by children and young individuals.
Insect repellents, pet shampoos, and other products that pets might be tempted to lick or consume sometimes contain denatonium to deter this behavior.
This helps protect pets from ingesting potentially harmful substances.

Some stationery items, such as glues and correction fluids, use denatonium to prevent misuse by children and to discourage tasting or swallowing these products.
In healthcare settings, denatonium can be used to discourage the ingestion of certain medical products or solutions, particularly when they are unpalatable or potentially toxic if swallowed.
Various industrial and agricultural chemicals might incorporate denatonium to reduce the risk of ingestion, especially when there's a potential for accidental exposure.

In manufacturing processes, denatonium can be used to protect workers from the accidental ingestion of chemical substances that may be used in their processes.
Some fire extinguishers may use denatonium to prevent misuse by discouraging people from tasting or ingesting the contents.
Some oral care products, like mouthwash, may include denatonium to prevent accidental swallowing, especially by children.

In products like varnishes and wood coatings, denatonium can deter individuals from attempting to ingest or chew on treated surfaces.
According to Chemistry World, Denatonium was an accidental formulation by researchers at T&H Smith, a Scottish pharmaceutical company that was the forerunner of Macfarlan Smith Ltd. In 1958, lab staff were working with lignocaine, a dental anesthetic, when they discovered the extreme bitterness of Denatonium in powder form.

Due to its extreme taste, Denatonium was used as a deterrent agent.
Denatonium is also available under the trade name Bitrex, which is a token of the words pain and rex for the king.
Denatonium is a salt compound with an inert anion such as benzoate or saccharide.

Denatonium is structure is similar to lidocaine and is closely related to Novocain and benzocaine.
Denatonium was soon discovered that just a few parts per million of Denatonium were enough for this aggressively unpleasant compound to render a substance distasteful to humans.
Denatonium was discovered in 1958 by Macfarlan Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, during research on local anesthetics.

Dilutions as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter for most people.
Denatonium salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often sold as solutions.
Denatonium, an extremely bitter derivative of lignocaine, has been used worldwide as an alcohol denaturant for over 30 years.

The recent recognition of its application to deter ingestion of potentially toxic products has led to its use as an inert ingredient in pesticides, automotive chemicals and household items.
A standard research protocol has been developed to determine the applicability of the use of Denatonium in certain formulations.
This ensures compatibility, stability and optimum Denatonium concentration to affect a bitter taste in the formulated product.

Denatonium is currently known as the world's most painful ingredient.
The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter taste.
Denatonium is now known as the world's most bitter compound.

A concentration of 10ppm solution is already too bitter to bear for most people.
The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter flavor.
Denatonium is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.

Denatonium is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.
Denatonium has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Denatonium was first synthesized in the 1950s and is usually prepared by reacting denatonium chloride with benzyl benzoate.

Denatonium is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.
In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications it is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.

Denatonium may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
In pharmaceutical formulations, Denatonium has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation it has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.
Strychnine is a cheap and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.

Denatonium is widely used as a deterrent agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substances.
For example, industrial alcohol, which tastes similar to ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animal dispersion, liquid soaps and shampoos, has been added to ethylene glycol or methanol.
Denatonium is also added to special nail polish ingredients as a repellent to avoid the child's bad finger biting.

Denatonium is stable up to 140 ° C and over a wide pH range.
Denatonium should be stored in a cool and dry place in a well-sealed container (such as steel with polyethylene lining).
Aqueous or alcoholic solutions retain their pain for several years, even when exposed to light. Denatonium is a bittering agent.

Denatonium is considered the bitterest chemical compound with a range of uses in the manufacture of cleaners, automotive supplies as well as health and beauty items.
Commercially, this compound is available as a white crystalline powder, but Denatonium granules or solutions are also available.
Humans can typically sense sweet, sour, salty, savory and bitter-tasting stuff.

Of these flavors, bitter-tasting chemicals elicit the most reaction.
The gene determines a person’s ability to detect the bitterness associated with substances such as quinine, which is an ingredient in tonic water.
Denatonium, usually available as Denatonium (trade names Bitrex) is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.

The extremely bitter taste proved effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals.
Denatonium is commonly included in placebo medications used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain medications.
Denatonium is also the standard for this type of bitter flavor.

At a concentration of 0.008 moles per cubic meter, the human tongue can detect the presence of quinine.
For Denatonium, a concentration of 0.000008 moles per cubic meter is discernible to humans.
Bitterants such as Denatonium are useful as aversive additives to prevent accidental ingestion of hazardous automotive compounds.

In Europe and in some U.S. states, addition of Denatonium is required in ethylene glycol or anti-freeze and windshield washer fluids.
Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergent and insecticide include a certain amount of Denatonium to discourage consumption by mouth.
Denatonium is applied on surfaces of toys as a bittering agent to prevent substantial consumption of hazardous materials.

Denatonium is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.
By far, the most common use of Denatonium is to denature alcohol, making Denatonium unfit for human consumption and exempt from tariffs that normally apply to alcohol.

Denatonium is generally regarded as having the most bitter taste of any compound known to science.
Denatonium is sold under the trade name of Bitrex.
Although Denatonium has a powerful taste, Denatonium is colorless and odorless.

The taste is so strong, however, that most people cannot tolerate a concentration of more than 30 parts per million of Denatonium.
Solutions of Denatonium in alcohol or water are very stable and retain their bitter taste for many years.
Denatonium activates bitter taste receptor, mainly, TAS2R4, TAS2R8, TAS2R10, TAS2R13 on many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle
elaxation through intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent pathways.

Uses:
Denatonium can be used in animal repellents to prevent animals from chewing or consuming treated items.
Denatonium is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), polishes and waxes, fertilisers, anti-freeze products and plant protection products.
Release to the environment of Denatonium can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Denatonium is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), plant protection products, anti-freeze products and polishes and waxes.
In products like varnishes and wood coatings, Denatonium can deter individuals from attempting to ingest or chew on treated surfaces.
In some cases, Denatonium's used in dental products like mouthguards and orthodontic devices to discourage biting or chewing on them.

Denatonium is added to cleaning agents, detergents, and solvents to deter accidental ingestion and reduce the risk of poisoning, particularly in households with children or pets.
Denatonium is included in automotive products such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluids to discourage ingestion, especially by children and pets.
Certain paints and coatings may contain Denatonium to discourage consumption, which could be harmful.

This is particularly relevant in construction and industrial settings.
Denatonium is used in some nail polish removers to make them taste bitter and unpalatable, helping to prevent nail-biting.
Some personal care items, such as nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics, may contain Denatonium to discourage tasting or swallowing.

This is intended to prevent misuse or accidental ingestion.
In specific medications and pharmaceutical formulations, Denatonium is used to deter misuse or accidental ingestion, especially in cases where the drug could be harmful if ingested.
Denatonium is added to denatured alcohol to make it unpalatable and discourage its consumption, as it is not intended for drinking.

In behavioral therapy and psychological treatments, Denatonium can be used to create an aversion to certain behaviors or habits by pairing them with the extremely bitter taste of denatonium.
Denatonium is added to tobacco products like cigarettes and chewing tobacco to discourage their consumption, particularly by children and young individuals.
Insect repellents, pet shampoos, and other products that pets might be tempted to lick or consume sometimes contain Denatonium to deter this behavior, protecting pets from ingesting potentially harmful substances.

Some stationery items, such as glues and correction fluids, use Denatonium to prevent misuse by children and to discourage tasting or swallowing these products.
In healthcare settings, Denatonium can be used to discourage the ingestion of certain medical products or solutions, particularly when they are unpalatable or potentially toxic if swallowed.
Various industrial and agricultural chemicals might incorporate Denatonium to reduce the risk of ingestion, especially when there's a potential for accidental exposure.

In manufacturing processes, Denatonium can be used to protect workers from the accidental ingestion of chemical substances that may be used in their processes.
Some fire extinguishers may use Denatonium to prevent misuse by discouraging people from tasting or ingesting the contents.
Some oral care products, like mouthwash, may include Denatonium to prevent accidental swallowing, especially by children.

In products like varnishes and wood coatings, Denatonium can deter individuals from attempting to ingest or chew on treated surfaces.
In industrial settings, Denatonium can be added to surfactants and detergents to prevent misuse and accidental ingestion.
Denatonium is used worldwide as a denaturant for alcohol.

Denatonium is included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (topical gel and solution).
Denatonium is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), plant protection products, polishes and waxes, anti-freeze products, air care products, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, polymers, water softeners and cosmetics and personal care products.

Denatonium is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and health services.
Denatonium is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles, plastic products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), electrical, electronic and optical equipment and furniture.
Denatonium is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and health services.

Denatonium is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, machinery and vehicles and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
Release to the environment of Denatonium can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and for thermoplastic manufacture.
Denatonium is a bittering agent which is used to give a bitter taste to toxic products in order to make the product more difficult to ingest.

Examples of products which contain Denatonium are: antifreeze, detergents, floor cleaner, paint stripper and toilet cleaner.
Denatonium is added to numerous household products, such as cleaning agents, detergents, and solvents, to discourage accidental ingestion.
This helps prevent poisoning, particularly in homes with children or pets.

Some automotive products, including antifreeze and windshield washer fluids, contain Denatonium to deter accidental ingestion, which can be toxic.
Denatonium is used in certain paints and coatings to make them unpalatable.
This discourages individuals from consuming paint, which can be hazardous.

Nail polish removers may contain Denatonium to make them taste extremely bitter, preventing individuals, especially children, from accidentally ingesting them.
Some personal care products like nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics may include Denatonium to make them unappealing to taste, reducing the risk of misuse.
Other release to the environment of Denatonium is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

The bitterest compound known Denatonium is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Denatonium is also used in antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Further, Denatonium is used in air care products.

In addition to this, Denatonium is used as a disinfectant.
Denatonium is often added to various alcohol-based products like hand sanitizers, rubbing alcohol, and disinfectants to discourage ingestion, especially in situations where these products might be mistaken for consumable beverages.

Denatonium acts as H1 antihistamine.
In specific medications and pharmaceutical formulations, Denatonium is used to deter misuse or accidental ingestion, particularly in cases where the drug could be harmful if ingested.
Denatonium is added to denatured alcohol to make it unpalatable.

This is important in preventing the consumption of alcohol that is not meant for drinking, such as industrial or cleaning purposes.
In some pesticides, Denatonium is used to prevent oral ingestion.
This safeguards against accidental poisoning, particularly in cases where pesticides might be attractive to children or animals.

In certain therapeutic contexts, Denatonium is used in behavioral therapy.
By associating a negative, extremely bitter taste with a specific behavior or habit (e.g., smoking or nail-biting), it aims to create a psychological aversion to that behavior.
Denatonium may be added to some adhesives to deter people from attempting to chew or ingest adhesive products.

Beyond cleaning agents and detergents, Denatonium can also be found in various other household chemicals like drain cleaners, toilet bowl cleaners, and paint thinners.
Some insecticides and rodenticides use Denatonium to prevent ingestion, especially by children or pets.
Certain garden products, such as fertilizers and herbicides, contain Denatonium to reduce the risk of ingestion.

In some regions, Denatonium's added to tobacco products like cigarettes and chewing tobacco to discourage ingestion, particularly by children and young individuals.
Insect repellents, pet shampoos, and other products that pets might be tempted to lick or consume sometimes contain Denatonium to deter this behavior.
Some stationery items, such as glues and correction fluids, use Denatonium to prevent misuse by children.

In healthcare settings, Denatonium can be used to discourage the ingestion of certain medical products or solutions.
Denatonium is used in products like engine coolant and antifreeze to prevent accidental ingestion by humans or animals.
Denatonium is a bittering agent used to make toxic products more difficult to ingest.

Some aerosol sprays, such as air fresheners and cleaning sprays, contain Denatonium to prevent inhalation or ingestion.
In some regions, Denatonium is added to fuel products to prevent fuel theft and to reduce the risk of fuel ingestion, which can be harmful.

Safety Profile:
Denatonium is extremely bitter and can cause extreme discomfort and nausea if ingested.
Contact with Denatonium can cause eye and skin irritation.
While it is not toxic at the concentrations typically used in products, accidental ingestion can lead to adverse reactions such as vomiting and gastrointestinal discomfort.

Denatonium is extremely bitter and can cause extreme discomfort and nausea if ingested.
While it is not toxic at the concentrations typically used in products, accidental ingestion can lead to adverse reactions such as vomiting and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Denatonium is essential to use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles when handling the substance to prevent skin and eye contact.

Inhalation of Denatonium dust or aerosols may irritate the respiratory tract, leading to coughing or throat irritation.
Proper ventilation in areas where Denatonium is handled can help minimize this risk.

Environmental Impact:
Large-scale spills or releases of Denatonium into the environment could potentially have adverse effects.
Proper handling, storage, and disposal are necessary to prevent environmental contamination.
While Denatonium is not known to pose significant environmental hazards, large-scale spills or releases into waterways could potentially have ecological consequences.

Denatonium is essential to handle and store the substance properly to prevent environmental contamination.
Denatonium is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonmutagenic substance.

Storage:
Denatonium is stable up to 140°C and over a wide pH range.
Denatonium should be stored in a well-closed container (such as polythene-lined steel) in a cool, dry place.
Aqueous or alcoholic solutions retaintheir bitterness forseveral years evenwhenexposed to light.

Synonyms:
Denatonium
3734-33-6
Bitrex
Lidocaine benzyl benzoate
THS-839
Denatonium (benzoate)
Aversion
Denatonium anhydrous
Benzoato de denatonio
Benzoate de denatonium
Lignocaine benzyl benzoate
WIN 16568
MFCD00031578
M5BA6GAF1O
NSC-157658
ECX-95BY
Benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)ammonium benzoate
3734-33-6 (benzoate)
DTXSID8034376
NSC 157658
WIN-16568
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium benzoate
NCGC00017043-02
Anispray
CAS-3734-33-6
Gori
DTXCID6014376
Caswell No. 083BB
Denatonii benzoas
N-benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate (1:1)
Denatonii benzoas [INN-Latin]
LIDOCAINE BENZYL BENZOATE HYDRATE
EINECS 223-095-2
UNII-M5BA6GAF1O
Benzoate de denatonium [INN-French]
Benzoato de denatonio [INN-Spanish]
Denatonium [USAN:INN:BAN]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009106
N-Benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
Benzoato di denatonio
SCHEMBL49511
MLS002154073
Denatonium, >=98%
Benzyldiethyl(2,6-xylylcarbamoylmethyl)ammonium benzoate
CHEMBL1371493
Denatonium [MI]
Denatonium [INN]
VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
((2,6-Xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)diethyl benzyl ammonium benzoate
Denatonium [INCI]
HMS1571A03
HMS2093L12
HMS2098A03
HMS2233O05
HMS3373C04
HMS3715A03
Pharmakon1600-01505987
Ammonium, benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)-, benzoate
HY-B1146
Tox21_110754
Tox21_301587
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-diethylazanium;benzoate
Denatonium [WHO-DD]
NSC157658
NSC759299
AKOS015888129
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxo-ethyl]-diethyl-ammonium benzoate
N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]benzylammonium benzoate
Tox21_110754_1
CCG-213592
CS-4750
NSC-759299
Denatonium, analytical standard
N-(2-((2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethylbenzeneme- thanaminium benzoate
NCGC00017043-01
NCGC00091886-04
NCGC00164432-01
NCGC00255373-01
AC-14888
AS-15511
SMR001233385
SY075333
Ammonium,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]-, benzoate
D2124
FT-0622841
F16467
A823606
Q414815
W-106547
Denatonium, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium Benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)-methyl]diethylammonium benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]-diethylammonium benzoate
Denatonium, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Benzenemethanaminium,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium,N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
N-benzyl-2-(2,6-dimethylphenylamino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
N-(2-((2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYL)AMINO)-2-OXOETHYL)-N,N-DIETHYLBENZENEMETHANAMINIUM BENZOATE
DENATONIUM BENZOATE
Denatonium benzoate is an ionized compound made up of a negatively charged benzoic acid and quaternary ammonium cation (denatonium).
Denatonium benzoate is a white, odorless, and mostly tasteless crystalline powder.
Denatonium benzoate, also called Benzenemethanaminium and Benzyl diethyl ((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl) ammonium benzoate, is the bitterest compound known.

CAS Number: 3734-33-6
Molecular Formula: C28H34N2O3
Molecular Weight: 446.58
EINECS Number: 223-095-2

Denatonium benzoate is a kind of quaternary ammonium salt formed by the combination of the quaternary ammonium cation and inert anion such as benzoic acid or saccharin anion.
Denatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Additionally, used in products like soap, animal repellents, antifreeze.

The structure of its cation form is similar to that of a local anesthetic lidocaine with the only difference being an additional benzyl functional group located on the nitrogen atom of the amino.
Denatonium benzoate, often referred to as Bitrex, is a chemical compound primarily used as a bittering agent.
Denatonium benzoate is known for being one of the most bitter substances known to humans.

Denatonium benzoate is commonly added to a wide range of products to make them unpalatable, thereby discouraging ingestion or consumption, especially by children, pets, or individuals seeking to misuse these products.
Denatonium benzoate is now known as the world's most bitter compound.
A concentration of 10ppm solution is already too bitter to bear for most people.

The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter flavor.
Denatonium benzoate is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium benzoate is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.

For example, it has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos. Moreover, it has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.
However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.

Denatonium Benzoate is a bittering agent.
Denatonium benzoate is considered the bitterest chemical compound with a range of uses in the manufacture of cleaners, automotive supplies as well as health and beauty items.
Commercially, Denatonium benzoate is available as a white crystalline powder, but denatonium benzoate granules or solutions are also available.

Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (under trade names such as Denatrol, BITTERANT-b, BITTER+PLUS, Bitrex, Bitrix, and Aversion) and as denatonium saccharide (BITTERANT-s), is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.
Denatonium benzoate was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by T.& H. Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the trademark Bitrex.

Dilutions of as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter to most humans.
Denatonium benzoate salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often traded as solutions.
They are used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.

Denatonium benzoate is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventive nail biting preparations, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and Nintendo Switch game cards to prevent accidental swallowing or choking by children.
Denatonium benzoate is not known to pose any long-term health risks.
The name denatonium reflects the substance's primary use as a denaturant and its chemical nature as a cation, hence -onium as a Neo-Latin suffix.

Denatonium benzoate has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.
However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.
Denatonium benzoate is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.

In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications Denatonium benzoate is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.
Denatonium benzoate may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.

In pharmaceutical formulations, denatonium benzoate has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation Denatonium benzoate has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.
Denatonium benzoate is added to various household products like cleaning agents, detergents, and solvents to deter accidental ingestion.
This helps reduce the risk of poisoning.

Some automotive products, such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluids, contain denatonium benzoate to prevent accidental ingestion, which could be harmful.
Certain paints and coatings may include denatonium benzoate to discourage consumption, which could be toxic.
Nail polish removers may contain denatonium benzoate to make them taste bad, preventing ingestion.

Some personal care products, like nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics, use denatonium benzoate to make them unappealing to taste.
In some cases, denatonium benzoate is used in medications to deter misuse or accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.

In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications it is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.
Denatonium benzoate may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.

In pharmaceutical formulations, denatonium benzoate has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation it has been used in an antinailbiting preparation.
Denatonium benzoate is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonmutagenic substance.
However,there has been a single report of contact urticaria attributed to denatonium benzoate occurring in a 30-year-old man who developed asthma and pruritus after using an insecticidal spray denatured with denatonium benzoate.

Discovered in 1958, it also has the tradename "Bitrex" (a trademark of UK company Macfarlan Smith).
As little as ten parts per million make substances unbearably bitter to most humans.
Denatonium benzoate is a white, odourless solid that is used as an aversive agent, i.e. an additive that prevents accidental ingestion of a toxic substance by humans, articularly children, and by animals.

Denatonium benzoate consists of benzoate (that is, the conjugate base of benzoic acid) and an ester of two PABA molecules.
Its structure is related to lidocaine, differing only by the addition of a benzene and benzoate ion in solution.
Denatonium benzoate's also similar in structure to other anesthetics like novocaine and cocaine.

Indeed, Denatonium benzoate was discovered during anesthetic research.
Denatonium benzoae, a white crystalline powder like many organic compounds, is not known to pose any long-term health risks although exposure may be irritating.
No world health agencies list it as a carcinogen.

Denatonium benzoate does, however, cause a very bitter taste in humans and most animals at concentrations in the parts per million range.
Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium cation. It is composed as a salt with any of several anions, such as benzoate or saccharinate.
Denatonium benzoate can be obtained by the quaternization of lidocaine, a popular anesthetic, with benzyl chloride or a similar reagent.

To obtain other salts, like the benzoate, the formed denatonium chloride is subjected to an anion exchange reaction with sodium benzoate, or first sodium hydroxide to make denatonium hydroxide followed by neutralization with benzoic acid.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.
Denatonium benzoate is one of the most bitter substances known.

Just a few parts per million will make a product so bitter that children and pets will not be able to swallow it.
Denatonium benzoate makes sweet but highly toxic products such as antifreeze and detergents taste foul.
Research shows that people can detect denatonium benzoate in water at 50 parts per billion.

Denatonium benzoate is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm.
Denatonium benzoate is also stable and inert.
In addition, so little is needed that the properties of the product remain unchanged.

Denatonium benzoate can act as a bronchodilator by activating bitter taste receptors in the airway smooth muscle.
Denatonium benzoate is applied on surfaces of toys as a bittering agent to prevent substantial consumption of hazardous materials.
Denatonium benzoate is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.

Denatonium benzoate is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.
Denatonium benzoate is a rather more convenient name than phenylmethyl-[2- [(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-diethylammonium.
Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium cation, with two ethyl arms, one benzyl and one larger amide one, and usually comes as a benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid.

Denatonium benzoates claim to fame is simple, unpleasant but valuable - denatonium benzoate is the most bitter substance yet discovered.
The bitterest compound known Denatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Denatonium benzoate is also used in antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.

Further, Denatonium benzoate is used in air care products.
Denatonium benzoate acts as H1 antihistamine.
In addition to this, it is used as a disinfectant.

Ethanol or ethyl alcohol, sometimes just called Alcohol, is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.
In the United States alcoholic beverages (liquor, wine, beer, etc.) are heavily taxed.
In order to avoid paying beverage taxes on alcohol that is not meant to be consumed (e.g., for use in cosmetic and personal care products), the alcohol must be denatured per specific formulations given by the U.S.

Government’s Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB).
The process adds a small amount of a denaturant to the alcohol to make it taste bad, thus creating alcohol that is not suitable for drinking, but is otherwise similar for other purposes.
When used in products that are not food, beverages or oral drugs, many other countries, like the U.S., also require that alcohol be denatured.

Denatured alcohol is generally identified as Alcohol Denat. or specially Denatured (SD) Alcohol.
Denatonium Benzoate, t-Butyl Alcohol, Diethyl Phthalate, Methyl Alcohol, Salicylic Acid, Sodium Salicylate, and Methyl Salicylate are examples of denaturants permitted for use by the TTB and concluded to be safe for use in cosmetics.
Other countries have different rules on allowed denaturants so when formulating with local regulations.

Specific denatured alcohols containing these denaturants that are permitted for use in U.S. cosmetics and personal care products are SD Alcohol 3-A, SD Alcohol 30, SD Alcohol 39-B, SD Alcohol 39-C, SD Alcohol 40-B and SD Alcohol 40-C.
Denatonium benzoate (THS-839) is the most bitter chemical compound known,used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate (THS-839) is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, and shampoos.

Denatonium, commonly available as denatonium benzoate (trade name Bitrex), is the bitterest known chemical compound with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.
Scientists in Scotland discovered Denatonium during research on anesthetic lidocaine derivatives.
Denatonium benzoate’ s extremely bitter taste has proven effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals.

Denatonium is often included in placebo drugs used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain drugs.
Denatonium activates bitter taste receptors in many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular dependent pathways.
Denatonium benzoate is one of the bitterest known substances. Just a few parts per million make a product so painful that kids and pets can't swallow Denatonium benzoate.

Sweet but highly toxic products such as denatonium benzoate, antifreeze and detergents make their taste bad.
Studies show that humans can detect 50 parts per billion of denatonium benzoate in water.
Denatonium benzoate is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm. Denatonium benzoate is also stable and inert.

In addition, little is needed for the properties of the product to remain unchanged.
Often found as denatonium benzoate and denatonium saccharide, denatonium is the bitterest known chemical compound, with bitter thresholds being 0.05. ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.
Denatonium benzoate was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by MacFarlan Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the Bitrex trademark.

Dilutions as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter for most people.
Denatonium benzoate is chemical structure includes a benzoate group, which is a benzene ring attached to a carboxylic acid group, along with a denatonium cation.
The denatonium cation is the component responsible for its intensely bitter taste.

Denatonium benzoate is considered one of the most bitter substances known to humans.
Denatonium benzoate is often used as a reference point for measuring bitterness.
The bitter taste is so extreme that even in minute quantities, it can make a product unpalatable.

Denatonium benzoate is generally considered safe when used as intended in the recommended concentrations.
Denatonium benzoate is non-toxic and is not absorbed significantly through the skin, making it safe for use in a wide range of consumer products.
The use of denatonium benzoate is subject to regulations in many countries.

There may be restrictions on its use in certain products, and there are guidelines on the maximum allowable concentration in specific applications.
Denatonium benzoate is also commonly known by its brand name Bitrex.
Bitrex is often used in marketing and labeling to indicate that a product contains denatonium benzoate as a bittering agent.

Apart from the previously mentioned applications, denatonium benzoate is used in various other products, such as denatured alcohol (to deter its consumption), some types of pesticides (to prevent oral ingestion), and even in some nail polishes to discourage nail-biting.
In some therapeutic contexts, denatonium benzoate is used in taste aversion therapy.
This involves pairing the bitter taste of denatonium benzoate with a specific behavior (e.g., smoking or nail-biting) to create a psychological aversion to that behavior.

Denatonium benzoate salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often sold as solutions.
They are used as deterrent agents (bitterness) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventative nail biting preparations, respiratory mask compatibility tests, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and even Nintendo Switch playing cards to prevent children from accidentally swallowing or suffocating.

Denatonium benzoate is not known to pose any long-term health risks.
The name Denatonium benzoate is a portmanteau word that reflects the primary use of the substance as a denaturant and Denatonium benzoate’s chemical structure as a cation, hence the New Latin suffix -onium.
Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium cation. Denatonium benzoate is a salt compound with an inert anion such as benzoate or saccharide.

The structure of denatonium is related to the local anesthetic lidocaine, which differs only by the addition of a benzyl group to amino nitrogen.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.
One of the chemical names of the compound is lidocaine benzylbenzoate, but denatonium only refers to the quaternary ammonium cation species itself and does not require benzoate counterion.

The bitterness of the compound guides most of the denatonium benzoate applications.
Denatonium benzoate is used to denature ethanol so that Denatonium benzoate is not treated as an alcoholic beverage in terms of taxation and sales restrictions.
A particular designation states that ethanol has been denatured using denatonium benzoate.

Denatonium benzoate is often included in placebo drugs used in clinical trials to mimic the bitter taste of some drugs.
Denatonium Benzoate (Bitrex) also discourages the consumption of harmful alcohols such as methanol and additives such as ethylene glycol.
Denatonium benzoate is also added to many harmful liquids, including solvents (such as nail polish remover), paints, polishes, toiletries and other personal care products, special nail polish to prevent nail biting, and various other household products.

Denatonium benzoate is also added to less hazardous aerosol products (such as gas jets) to avoid inhaled substance abuse of volatile vapors.
In 1995, the US state of Oregon required the addition of denatonium benzoate to products such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluid containing sweet-tasting ethylene glycol and methanol to prevent.
In December 2012, US manufacturers voluntarily agreed to add denatonium benzoate to antifreeze sold nationwide.

Denatonium's disgusting taste can be used as a deterrent on products that are not intended for consumption and / or is harmful upon consumption.
Nintendo Switch game cards are coated with denatonium benzoate to prevent young children from consuming them.
Denatonium benzoate is used as a solvent in the food and beverage industry and in many home and personal care products.

Denatonium, commonly found as Denatonium and Denatonium Saccharide, is the bitterest known chemical compound with bitter thresholds of 0.05 ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.
They are used as deterrents (bitterness) to prevent chemical and dangerous products from being swallowed improperly.
Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, breathing mask compatibility test, repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.

Denatonium benzoate (de-an-TOE-nee-um BEN-zoh-ate) is generally regarded as having the most bitter taste of any compound known to science.
Denatonium benzoate is sold under the trade name of Bitrex.
Although denatonium benzoate has a powerful taste, it is colorless and odorless.

The taste is so strong, however, that most people cannot tolerate a concentration of more than 30 parts per million of denatonium benzoate.
Solutions of denatonium benzoate in alcohol or water are very stable and retain their bitter taste for many years.
Exposure to light does not lessen the compound's bitter taste.

Denatonium Benzoate, also known as denatonium saccharide, is a bitter chemical compound used to denature ethanol so it is not considered an alcoholic beverage and in clinical trials to replicate the bitter taste of some medications.
Ungraded products supplied by TCI America are generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.
Denatonium Benzoate (Denatrol) with CAS 3734-33-6 is a bittering agent used as an aversion additive in various chemical and manufactured products.

Connect Chemicals is the appointed distributor of the Denatonium benzoate product range of Wincom is a leading manufacturer of Denatonium Benzoate located in the United States.
The primary use of Denatonium benzoate is for taste a version purposes for poison prevention.
Denatonium Benzoate not only leaves a bitter flavor in the liquids, but also leaves a bitter residue on objects, like screens and keyboards, that may transfer to hands and cause problems (such as when eating).

Denatonium benzoate is not intended for use in any products or chemicals in which the intention is human ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is a white powder with a water solubility of 42 grams per liter.
One gram of denatonium benzoate can produce an extremely bitter and unpleasant taste in 100 liters of water (30 gallons).

Denatonium benzoate is so bitter that humans and pets can't stand it. Denatonium Benzoate is the active ingredient in products such as Tree Guard and Bitrex.
Denatonium benzoate is also used in combination with bad smelling compounds to repel animals.

Denatonium benzoate is the active ingredient in products such as "Off Limits Dog Training Spray", "Anit-Chew Bitter Spray for Pets", "Ultra-Bitter Training Aid Spray", and "Bitter YUCK! No Chew Dog, Cat & Horse Spray".
Some examples of products which contain denatonium benzoate are antifreeze, detergents (in ethanol), floor cleaner, paint stripper and toilet cleaner.

Melting point: 164-168 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 555.91°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.1256 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5800 (estimate)
Flash point: 100℃
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: methanol: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
form: Solid
color: White to Off-White
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland
Water Solubility: 42.555g/L at 25℃
Merck: 14,2891
BRN: 8179408
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.2 at 25℃

Denatonium benzoate is a rather more convenient name than phenylmethyl-[2- [(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-diethylammonium.
Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium cation, with two ethyl arms, one benzyl and one larger amide one, and usually comes as a benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid.
Denatonium benzoate's claim to fame is simple, unpleasant but valuable - denatonium benzoate is the most bitter substance yet discovered.This unreactive, colourless, odourless compound was first produced accidentally in 1958 by Scottish pharmaceutical manufacturer T & H Smith, later Macfarlan Smith, where researchers were experimenting with variants of an anaesthetic for dentists called lignocaine.

Denatonium benzoate was soon discovered that just a few parts per million of denatonium benzoate were enough for this aggressively unpleasant compound to render a substance distasteful to humans.
Denatonium benzoate is now known as the world's most bitter compound.
A concentration of 10ppm solution is already too bitter to bear for most people.

The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter flavor.
Denatonium benzoate is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium benzoate is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.

Denatonium benzoate has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos. Moreover,
Denatonium benzoate was first synthesized in the 1950s and is usually prepared by reacting denatonium chloride with benzyl benzoate.
Denatonium benzoate is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.

In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications it is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.
Denatonium benzoate may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.

In pharmaceutical formulations, denatonium benzoate has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation it has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.
Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (trade names Bitrex) is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.
Scientists at Macfarlan Smith, Ltd. of Edinburgh, Scotland discovered Bitrex during research on derivatives of the anesthetic lidocaine.

The extremely bitter taste proved effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals.
Denatonium is commonly included in placebo medications used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain medications.
Denatonium activates bitter taste receptor, mainly, TAS2R4, TAS2R8, TAS2R10, TAS2R13 on many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent pathways.

Denatonium Benzoate’ s bitter properties make Denatonium Benzoate an excellent repellent and when added to phytosanitary products it contributes to inhibiting the feeding of animals on treated trees and plants.
Denatonium Benzoate’ s repellent qualities equally help fight rodents such as rats or mice.
Denatonium benzoate is a potent bitter taste receptor agonist widely used for activation of different cell pathways.

Taste signals have been associated with food recognition and food avoidance, and the bitter taste causes a deterrent response and is supposed to protect chickens from consuming poisons and harmful toxic substances.
The results of the study revealed that dietary supplementation with medium and high doses of denatonium benzoate induced apoptosis and autophagy, respectively, damaging epithelial cells of the heart and kidneys and reducing the growth.

According to Chemistry World, denatonium benzoate was an accidental formulation by researchers at T&H Smith, a Scottish pharmaceutical company that was the forerunner of Macfarlan Smith Ltd. In 1958, lab staff were working with lignocaine, a dental anesthetic, when they discovered the extreme bitterness of denatonium benzoate in powder form.
Due to its extreme taste, denatonium benzoate was used as a deterrent agent.

Denatonium Benzoate is also available under the trade name Bitrex, which is a token of the words pain and rex for the king.
Denatonium benzoate is a salt compound with an inert anion such as benzoate or saccharide.
Denatonium benzoate is structure is similar to lidocaine and is closely related to Novocain and benzocaine.

Denatonium benzoate is odorless, colorless and non-reactive, making Denatonium benzoate a suitable additive that does not interfere with the primary purpose of the base compound.
Denatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant, possibly a combination of 20 in United States pictures.
People can typically feel things that taste sweet, sour, salty, salty, and bitter.

Among these flavors, Denatonium benzoate with a bitter taste cause the most reactions.
Sensitivity to bitter flavors depends on genetics: The TAS2R38 gene determines a person's ability to detect bitterness associated with substances such as quinine, a component in tonic water.
Denatonium benzoate is also the standard for this kind of bitter taste.

At a concentration of 0.008 moles per cubic meter, the human tongue can detect the presence of quinine.
For Denatonium benzoate, a concentration of 0.000008 moles per cubic meter can be noticed by humans.
Bitter substances such as Denatonium benzoate are useful as deterrent additives to prevent accidental ingestion of dangerous automotive compounds.

In Europe and some US states, ethylene glycol or denatonium benzoate must be added to antifreeze and windshield washer fluids.
Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergents, and insecticides contain certain amounts of denatonium benzoate to deter oral consumption.
Denatonium benzoate is applied to the surfaces of toys as a painful substance to prevent significant consumption of hazardous substances.

Denatonium benzoate also applies to outdoor cables and wires to prevent rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium benzoate is a deterrent agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks, and rodenticides to suppress swallowing, especially when young children come into contact with these toxic substances.
Until now, the most common use of denatonium benzoate is to denature alcohol so that Denatonium benzoate is unfit for human consumption and is exempted from the tariffs ormally valid for alcohol.

In recent years, its inclusion in household products, garden products, and cosmetics has been intensely promoted to prevent children from accidentally swallowing it.
A concentrated solution of denatonium benzoate is available in the USA, which will be sold directly to the public in addition to household products.
Efficacy and safety studies on Denatonium benzoate are limited and may be subject to different interpretations when considered in the context of a potential bittering.

Denatonium benzoate is used in many personal care products such as make-up, lotion, fragrance, shaving, oral care, skin care and hair care products, where it functions as antifoam, cosmetic astringent, solvent and viscosity reducing agent.
In OTC antimicrobial drug products, Alcohol also functions as an antimicrobial agent to kill germs.
Commonly found as denatonium benzoate (or under trade names like Bitrex or Aversion) and denatonium saccharide, denatonium is the bitterest known compound.

Denatonium benzoate was discovered in 1958 by Macfarlan Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, during research on local anesthetics.
Dilutions as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter for most people.
Denatonium salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often sold as solutions.

Denatonium Benzoate, an extremely bitter derivative of lignocaine, has been used worldwide as an alcohol denaturant for over 30 years.
The recent recognition of its application to deter ingestion of potentially toxic products has led to its use as an inert ingredient in pesticides, automotive chemicals and household items.
A standard research protocol has been developed to determine the applicability of the use of Denatonium benzoate in certain formulations.

This ensures compatibility, stability and optimum Denatonium Benzoate concentration to affect a bitter taste in the formulated product.
Denatonium benzoate is currently known as the world's most painful ingredient.
The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter taste.

Strychnine is a cheap and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium benzoate is widely used as a deterrent agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substances.
For example, industrial alcohol, which tastes similar to ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animal dispersion, liquid soaps and shampoos, has been added to ethylene glycol or methanol.

Denatonium benzoate is also added to special nail polish ingredients as a repellent to avoid the child's bad finger biting.
Denatonium benzoate is stable up to 140 ° C and over a wide pH range.
Denatonium benzoate should be stored in a cool and dry place in a well-sealed container (such as steel with polyethylene lining).

Aqueous or alcoholic solutions retain their pain for several years, even when exposed to light.
Denatonium Benzoate is a bittering agent.

Denatonium Benzoate is considered the bitterest chemical compound with a range of uses in the manufacture of cleaners, automotive supplies as well as health and beauty items.
Commercially, this compound is available as a white crystalline powder, but denatonium benzoate granules or solutions are also available.

Humans can typically sense sweet, sour, salty, savory and bitter-tasting stuff.
Of these flavors, bitter-tasting chemicals elicit the most reaction.
The gene determines a person’s ability to detect the bitterness associated with substances such as quinine, which is an ingredient in tonic water.

Denatonium Benzoate is also the standard for this type of bitter flavor.
At a concentration of 0.008 moles per cubic meter, the human tongue can detect the presence of quinine.
For denatonium benzoate, a concentration of 0.000008 moles per cubic meter is discernible to humans.

Bitterants such as denatonium benzoate are useful as aversive additives to prevent accidental ingestion of hazardous automotive compounds.
In Europe and in some U.S. states, addition of denatonium benzoate is required in ethylene glycol or anti-freeze and windshield washer fluids.
Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergent and insecticide include a certain amount of denatonium benzoate to discourage consumption by mouth.

Denatonium Benzoate is applied on surfaces of toys as a bittering agent to prevent substantial consumption of hazardous materials.
Denatonium Benzoate is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium benzoate is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.

By far, the most common use of denatonium benzoate is to denature alcohol, making Denatonium Benzoate unfit for human consumption and exempt from tariffs that normally apply to
Denatonium benzoate is generally regarded as having the most bitter taste of any compound known to science.
Denatonium benzoate is sold under the trade name of Bitrex.

Although denatonium benzoate has a powerful taste, Denatonium benzoate is colorless and odorless.
The taste is so strong, however, that most people cannot tolerate a concentration of more than 30 parts per million of denatonium benzoate.
Solutions of denatonium benzoate in alcohol or water are very stable and retain their bitter taste for many years.

Exposure to light does not lessen the compound's bitter taste.
Denatonium benzoate is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium benzoate is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.

Uses:
Denatonium benzoate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), plant protection products, polishes and waxes, anti-freeze products, air care products, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, polymers, water softeners and cosmetics and personal care products.
Denatonium benzoate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and health services.

Denatonium benzoate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles, plastic products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), electrical, electronic and optical equipment and furniture.
Other release to the environment of Denatonium benzoate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
The bitterest compound known Denatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.

Denatonium benzoate is also used in antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Further, Denatonium benzoate is used in air care products.
Denatonium benzoate acts as H1 antihistamine.

In addition to this, Denatonium benzoate is used as a disinfectant.
Denatonium benzoate is often added to various alcohol-based products like hand sanitizers, rubbing alcohol, and disinfectants to discourage ingestion, especially in situations where these products might be mistaken for consumable beverages.
Denatonium benzoate is used in products like engine coolant and antifreeze to prevent accidental ingestion by humans or animals.

Denatonium benzoate is a bittering agent used to make toxic products more difficult to ingest.
Some aerosol sprays, such as air fresheners and cleaning sprays, contain denatonium benzoate to prevent inhalation or ingestion.
In some regions, denatonium benzoate is added to fuel products to prevent fuel theft and to reduce the risk of fuel ingestion, which can be harmful.

Some fire extinguishers may use denatonium benzoate to prevent misuse by discouraging people from tasting or ingesting the contents.
In laboratory settings, Denatonium benzoate can be added to chemicals and solutions to reduce the risk of accidental ingestion.
Some agricultural chemicals, such as fertilizers and herbicides, incorporate denatonium benzoate to deter ingestion.

Denatonium benzoate can be used in animal repellents to prevent animals from chewing or consuming treated items.
In products like varnishes and wood coatings, denatonium benzoate can deter individuals from attempting to ingest or chew on treated surfaces.
In some cases, Denatonium benzoate's used in dental products like mouthguards and orthodontic devices to discourage biting or chewing on them.

In industrial settings, Denatonium benzoate can be added to surfactants and detergents to prevent misuse and accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is used worldwide as a denaturant for alcohol.
Denatonium benzoate is included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (topical gel and solution).

Bitterants such as denatonium benzoate are useful as aversive additives to prevent accidental ingestion of hazardous automotive compounds.
In Europe and in some U.S. states, addition of denatonium benzoate is required in ethylene glycol or anti-freeze and windshield washer fluids.
Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergent and insecticide include a certain amount of denatonium benzoate to discourage consumption by mouth.

Pharmaceutic aid (alcohol denaturant; flavor).
Added to toxic substances as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Can replace brucine or quassin as denaturant for ethyl alcohol.

Denatonium benzoate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), polishes and waxes, fertilisers, anti-freeze products and plant protection products.
Release to the environment of Denatonium benzoate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Denatonium benzoate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), plant protection products, anti-freeze products and polishes and waxes.

Denatonium benzoate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and health services.
Denatonium benzoate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, machinery and vehicles and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
Release to the environment of Denatonium benzoate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and for thermoplastic manufacture.

Denatonium Benzoate is a bittering agent which is used to give a bitter taste to toxic products in order to make the product more difficult to ingest.
Examples of products which contain denatonium benzoate are: antifreeze, detergents, floor cleaner, paint stripper and toilet cleaner.
Denatonium benzoate is added to numerous household products, such as cleaning agents, detergents, and solvents, to discourage accidental ingestion.

This helps prevent poisoning, particularly in homes with children or pets.
Some automotive products, including antifreeze and windshield washer fluids, contain denatonium benzoate to deter accidental ingestion, which can be toxic.
Denatonium benzoate is used in certain paints and coatings to make them unpalatable.

This discourages individuals from consuming paint, which can be hazardous.
Nail polish removers may contain denatonium benzoate to make them taste extremely bitter, preventing individuals, especially children, from accidentally ingesting them.
Some personal care products like nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics may include denatonium benzoate to make them unappealing to taste, reducing the risk of misuse.

In specific medications and pharmaceutical formulations, denatonium benzoate is used to deter misuse or accidental ingestion, particularly in cases where the drug could be harmful if ingested.
Denatonium benzoate is added to denatured alcohol to make it unpalatable.
This is important in preventing the consumption of alcohol that is not meant for drinking, such as industrial or cleaning purposes.

In some pesticides, denatonium benzoate is used to prevent oral ingestion.
This safeguards against accidental poisoning, particularly in cases where pesticides might be attractive to children or animals.
In certain therapeutic contexts, denatonium benzoate is used in behavioral therapy.

By associating a negative, extremely bitter taste with a specific behavior or habit (e.g., smoking or nail-biting), it aims to create a psychological aversion to that behavior.
Denatonium benzoate may be added to some adhesives to deter people from attempting to chew or ingest adhesive products.
Beyond cleaning agents and detergents, Denatonium benzoate can also be found in various other household chemicals like drain cleaners, toilet bowl cleaners, and paint thinners.

Some insecticides and rodenticides use denatonium benzoate to prevent ingestion, especially by children or pets.
Certain garden products, such as fertilizers and herbicides, contain denatonium benzoate to reduce the risk of ingestion.
In some regions, Denatonium benzoate's added to tobacco products like cigarettes and chewing tobacco to discourage ingestion, particularly by children and young individuals.

Insect repellents, pet shampoos, and other products that pets might be tempted to lick or consume sometimes contain denatonium benzoate to deter this behavior.
Some stationery items, such as glues and correction fluids, use denatonium benzoate to prevent misuse by children.
In healthcare settings, denatonium benzoate can be used to discourage the ingestion of certain medical products or solutions.

Some oral care products, like mouthwash, may include denatonium benzoate to prevent accidental swallowing, especially by children.
Various industrial and agricultural chemicals might incorporate denatonium benzoate to reduce the risk of ingestion.
In manufacturing processes, denatonium benzoate can be used to protect workers from the accidental ingestion of chemical substances.

Safety Profile:
Denatonium benzoate is extremely bitter and can cause extreme discomfort and nausea if ingested.
While it is not toxic at the concentrations typically used in products, accidental ingestion can lead to adverse reactions such as vomiting and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Contact with denatonium benzoate can cause eye and skin irritation.

Denatonium benzoate is essential to use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles when handling the substance to prevent skin and eye contact.
Inhalation of denatonium benzoate dust or aerosols may irritate the respiratory tract, leading to coughing or throat irritation.
Proper ventilation in areas where denatonium benzoate is handled can help minimize this risk.

Environmental Impact:
While denatonium benzoate is not known to pose significant environmental hazards, large-scale spills or releases into waterways could potentially have ecological consequences.
Denatonium benzoate is essential to handle and store the substance properly to prevent environmental contamination.
Denatonium benzoate is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonmutagenic substance.

Storage:
Denatonium benzoate is stable up to 140°C and over a wide pH range.
Denatonium benzoate should be stored in a well-closed container (such as polythene-lined steel) in a cool, dry place.
Aqueous or alcoholic solutions retaintheir bitterness forseveral years evenwhenexposed to light.

Synonyms:
DENATONIUM BENZOATE
3734-33-6
Bitrex
Lidocaine benzyl benzoate
THS-839
Denatonium (benzoate)
Aversion
Denatonium benzoate anhydrous
Benzoato de denatonio
Benzoate de denatonium
Lignocaine benzyl benzoate
WIN 16568
MFCD00031578
M5BA6GAF1O
NSC-157658
ECX-95BY
Benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)ammonium benzoate
3734-33-6 (benzoate)
DTXSID8034376
NSC 157658
WIN-16568
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium benzoate
NCGC00017043-02
Anispray
CAS-3734-33-6
Gori
DTXCID6014376
Caswell No. 083BB
Denatonii benzoas
N-benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate (1:1)
Denatonii benzoas [INN-Latin]
LIDOCAINE BENZYL BENZOATE HYDRATE
EINECS 223-095-2
UNII-M5BA6GAF1O
Benzoate de denatonium [INN-French]
Benzoato de denatonio [INN-Spanish]
Denatonium benzoate [USAN:INN:BAN]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009106
N-Benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
Benzoato di denatonio
SCHEMBL49511
MLS002154073
Denatonium benzoate, >=98%
Benzyldiethyl(2,6-xylylcarbamoylmethyl)ammonium benzoate
CHEMBL1371493
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [MI]
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [INN]
VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
((2,6-Xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)diethyl benzyl ammonium benzoate
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [INCI]
HMS1571A03
HMS2093L12
HMS2098A03
HMS2233O05
HMS3373C04
HMS3715A03
Pharmakon1600-01505987
Ammonium, benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)-, benzoate
HY-B1146
Tox21_110754
Tox21_301587
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-diethylazanium;benzoate
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [WHO-DD]
NSC157658
NSC759299
AKOS015888129
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxo-ethyl]-diethyl-ammonium benzoate
N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]benzylammonium benzoate
Tox21_110754_1
CCG-213592
CS-4750
NSC-759299
Denatonium benzoate, analytical standard
N-(2-((2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethylbenzeneme- thanaminium benzoate
NCGC00017043-01
NCGC00091886-04
NCGC00164432-01
NCGC00255373-01
AC-14888
AS-15511
SMR001233385
SY075333
Ammonium,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]-, benzoate
D2124
FT-0622841
F16467
A823606
Q414815
W-106547
Denatonium benzoate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium Benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)-methyl]diethylammonium benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]-diethylammonium benzoate
Denatonium benzoate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Benzenemethanaminium,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium,N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
N-benzyl-2-(2,6-dimethylphenylamino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
N-(2-((2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYL)AMINO)-2-OXOETHYL)-N,N-DIETHYLBENZENEMETHANAMINIUM BENZOATE
DENATONIUM BENZOATE
Denatonium benzoate is an ionized compound made up of a negatively charged benzoic acid and quaternary ammonium cation (denatonium).
Denatonium benzoate is a kind of quaternary ammonium salt formed by the combination of the quaternary ammonium cation and inert anion such as benzoic acid or saccharin anion.
Denatonium benzoate is commonly added to a wide range of products to make them unpalatable, thereby discouraging ingestion or consumption, especially by children, pets, or individuals seeking to misuse these products.

CAS Number: 3734-33-6
Molecular Formula: C28H34N2O3
Molecular Weight: 446.58
EINECS Number: 223-095-2

Denatonium benzoate is now known as the world's most bitter compound.
A concentration of 10ppm solution is already too bitter to bear for most people.
The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter flavor.

Denatonium benzoate is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium benzoate is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.
For example, it has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos. Moreover, it has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.

However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.
Denatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Additionally, used in products like soap, animal repellents, antifreeze.

The structure of its cation form is similar to that of a local anesthetic lidocaine with the only difference being an additional benzyl functional group located on the nitrogen atom of the amino.
Denatonium Benzoate is a bittering agent.
Denatonium benzoate is considered the bitterest chemical compound with a range of uses in the manufacture of cleaners, automotive supplies as well as health and beauty items.

Commercially, Denatonium benzoate is available as a white crystalline powder, but denatonium benzoate granules or solutions are also available.
Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (under trade names such as Denatrol, BITTERANT-b, BITTER+PLUS, Bitrex, Bitrix, and Aversion) and as denatonium saccharide (BITTERANT-s), is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.

Denatonium benzoate was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by T.& H. Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the trademark Bitrex.
Dilutions of as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter to most humans.
Denatonium benzoate salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often traded as solutions.

They are used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventive nail biting preparations, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and Nintendo Switch game cards to prevent accidental swallowing or choking by children.
Denatonium benzoate is not known to pose any long-term health risks.

The name denatonium reflects the substance's primary use as a denaturant and its chemical nature as a cation, hence -onium as a Neo-Latin suffix.
Denatonium benzoate, often referred to as Bitrex, is a chemical compound primarily used as a bittering agent.
Denatonium benzoate is known for being one of the most bitter substances known to humans.

Denatonium benzoate is a white, odorless, and mostly tasteless crystalline powder.
Denatonium benzoate has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.
However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.

Denatonium benzoate is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.
In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications Denatonium benzoate is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.

Denatonium benzoate may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
In pharmaceutical formulations, denatonium benzoate has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation Denatonium benzoate has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.
Denatonium benzoate is added to various household products like cleaning agents, detergents, and solvents to deter accidental ingestion.

This helps reduce the risk of poisoning.
Some automotive products, such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluids, contain denatonium benzoate to prevent accidental ingestion, which could be harmful.
Certain paints and coatings may include denatonium benzoate to discourage consumption, which could be toxic.

Nail polish removers may contain denatonium benzoate to make them taste bad, preventing ingestion.
Some personal care products, like nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics, use denatonium benzoate to make them unappealing to taste.
In some cases, denatonium benzoate is used in medications to deter misuse or accidental ingestion.

Denatonium benzoate is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.
In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications it is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.

Denatonium benzoate may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
Denatonium benzoate, also called Benzenemethanaminium and Benzyl diethyl ((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl) ammonium benzoate, is the bitterest compound known.
Denatonium benzoate is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonmutagenic substance.

However,there has been a single report of contact urticaria attributed to denatonium benzoate occurring in a 30-year-old man who developed asthma and pruritus after using an insecticidal spray denatured with denatonium benzoate.
Discovered in 1958, it also has the tradename "Bitrex" (a trademark of UK company Macfarlan Smith).
As little as ten parts per million make substances unbearably bitter to most humans.

Denatonium benzoate makes sweet but highly toxic products such as antifreeze and detergents taste foul.
Research shows that people can detect denatonium benzoate in water at 50 parts per billion.
Denatonium benzoate is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm.

Denatonium benzoate is also stable and inert.
In addition, so little is needed that the properties of the product remain unchanged.
Denatonium benzoate can act as a bronchodilator by activating bitter taste receptors in the airway smooth muscle.

Denatonium benzoate is applied on surfaces of toys as a bittering agent to prevent substantial consumption of hazardous materials.
Denatonium benzoate is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium benzoate is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.

Denatonium benzoate is a rather more convenient name than phenylmethyl-[2- [(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-diethylammonium.
Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium cation, with two ethyl arms, one benzyl and one larger amide one, and usually comes as a benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid.
Denatonium benzoate is a white, odourless solid that is used as an aversive agent, i.e. an additive that prevents accidental ingestion of a toxic substance by humans, articularly children, and by animals.

Denatonium benzoate consists of benzoate (that is, the conjugate base of benzoic acid) and an ester of two PABA molecules.
Its structure is related to lidocaine, differing only by the addition of a benzene and benzoate ion in solution.
Denatonium benzoate's also similar in structure to other anesthetics like novocaine and cocaine.

Indeed, Denatonium benzoate was discovered during anesthetic research.
Denatonium benzoae, a white crystalline powder like many organic compounds, is not known to pose any long-term health risks although exposure may be irritating.
No world health agencies list it as a carcinogen.

Denatonium benzoate does, however, cause a very bitter taste in humans and most animals at concentrations in the parts per million range.
Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium cation.
Denatonium benzoate is composed as a salt with any of several anions, such as benzoate or saccharinate.
Denatonium benzoates claim to fame is simple, unpleasant but valuable - denatonium benzoate is the most bitter substance yet discovered.

The bitterest compound known Denatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Denatonium benzoate is also used in antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Further, Denatonium benzoate is used in air care products.

Denatonium benzoate acts as H1 antihistamine.
Denatonium benzoate (THS-839) is the most bitter chemical compound known,used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate (THS-839) is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, and shampoos.

Denatonium, commonly available as denatonium benzoate (trade name Bitrex), is the bitterest known chemical compound with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.
Scientists in Scotland discovered Denatonium during research on anesthetic lidocaine derivatives.
Denatonium benzoate’ s extremely bitter taste has proven effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals.

Denatonium is often included in placebo drugs used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain drugs.
Denatonium activates bitter taste receptors in many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular dependent pathways.

Denatonium benzoate is one of the bitterest known substances. Just a few parts per million make a product so painful that kids and pets can't swallow Denatonium benzoate.
Sweet but highly toxic products such as denatonium benzoate, antifreeze and detergents make their taste bad.
Studies show that humans can detect 50 parts per billion of denatonium benzoate in water.

Denatonium benzoate is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm. Denatonium benzoate is also stable and inert.
In addition, little is needed for the properties of the product to remain unchanged.
Often found as denatonium benzoate and denatonium saccharide, denatonium is the bitterest known chemical compound, with bitter thresholds being 0.05. ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.

Denatonium benzoate was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by MacFarlan Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the Bitrex trademark.
Dilutions as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter for most people.
Denatonium benzoate is chemical structure includes a benzoate group, which is a benzene ring attached to a carboxylic acid group, along with a denatonium cation.

The denatonium cation is the component responsible for its intensely bitter taste.
Denatonium benzoate is considered one of the most bitter substances known to humans.
Denatonium benzoate is often used as a reference point for measuring bitterness.

The bitter taste is so extreme that even in minute quantities, it can make a product unpalatable.
Denatonium benzoate is generally considered safe when used as intended in the recommended concentrations.
Denatonium benzoate is non-toxic and is not absorbed significantly through the skin, making it safe for use in a wide range of consumer products.

The use of denatonium benzoate is subject to regulations in many countries.
There may be restrictions on its use in certain products, and there are guidelines on the maximum allowable concentration in specific applications.
Denatonium benzoate is also commonly known by its brand name Bitrex.

Bitrex is often used in marketing and labeling to indicate that a product contains denatonium benzoate as a bittering agent.
Apart from the previously mentioned applications, denatonium benzoate is used in various other products, such as denatured alcohol (to deter its consumption), some types of pesticides (to prevent oral ingestion), and even in some nail polishes to discourage nail-biting.
In some therapeutic contexts, denatonium benzoate is used in taste aversion therapy.

This involves pairing the bitter taste of denatonium benzoate with a specific behavior (e.g., smoking or nail-biting) to create a psychological aversion to that behavior.
Denatonium benzoate salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often sold as solutions.
They are used as deterrent agents (bitterness) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.

Denatonium benzoate is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventative nail biting preparations, respiratory mask compatibility tests, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and even Nintendo Switch playing cards to prevent children from accidentally swallowing or suffocating.
Denatonium benzoate is not known to pose any long-term health risks.
The name Denatonium benzoate is a portmanteau word that reflects the primary use of the substance as a denaturant and Denatonium benzoate’s chemical structure as a cation, hence the New Latin suffix -onium.

Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium cation. Denatonium benzoate is a salt compound with an inert anion such as benzoate or saccharide.
The structure of denatonium is related to the local anesthetic lidocaine, which differs only by the addition of a benzyl group to amino nitrogen.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.

One of the chemical names of the compound is lidocaine benzylbenzoate, but denatonium only refers to the quaternary ammonium cation species itself and does not require benzoate counterion.
The bitterness of the compound guides most of the denatonium benzoate applications.
Denatonium benzoate is used to denature ethanol so that Denatonium benzoate is not treated as an alcoholic beverage in terms of taxation and sales restrictions.

A particular designation states that ethanol has been denatured using denatonium benzoate.
Denatonium benzoate is often included in placebo drugs used in clinical trials to mimic the bitter taste of some drugs.
Denatonium Benzoate (Bitrex) also discourages the consumption of harmful alcohols such as methanol and additives such as ethylene glycol.

Denatonium benzoate is also added to many harmful liquids, including solvents (such as nail polish remover), paints, polishes, toiletries and other personal care products, special nail polish to prevent nail biting, and various other household products.
Denatonium benzoate is also added to less hazardous aerosol products (such as gas jets) to avoid inhaled substance abuse of volatile vapors.

In 1995, the US state of Oregon required the addition of denatonium benzoate to products such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluid containing sweet-tasting ethylene glycol and methanol to prevent.
In December 2012, US manufacturers voluntarily agreed to add denatonium benzoate to antifreeze sold nationwide.
Denatonium's disgusting taste can be used as a deterrent on products that are not intended for consumption and / or is harmful upon consumption.

Nintendo Switch game cards are coated with denatonium benzoate to prevent young children from consuming them.
Denatonium benzoate is used as a solvent in the food and beverage industry and in many home and personal care products.
Denatonium, commonly found as Denatonium and Denatonium Saccharide, is the bitterest known chemical compound with bitter thresholds of 0.05 ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.

They are used as deterrents (bitterness) to prevent chemical and dangerous products from being swallowed improperly.
Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, breathing mask compatibility test, repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Denatonium benzoate (de-an-TOE-nee-um BEN-zoh-ate) is generally regarded as having the most bitter taste of any compound known to science.

Denatonium benzoate is sold under the trade name of Bitrex.
Although denatonium benzoate has a powerful taste, it is colorless and odorless.
The taste is so strong, however, that most people cannot tolerate a concentration of more than 30 parts per million of denatonium benzoate.

Solutions of denatonium benzoate in alcohol or water are very stable and retain their bitter taste for many years.
Exposure to light does not lessen the compound's bitter taste.
Denatonium Benzoate, also known as denatonium saccharide, is a bitter chemical compound used to denature ethanol so it is not considered an alcoholic beverage and in clinical trials to replicate the bitter taste of some medications.

Ungraded products supplied by TCI America are generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.
Denatonium Benzoate (Denatrol) with CAS 3734-33-6 is a bittering agent used as an aversion additive in various chemical and manufactured products.
Connect Chemicals is the appointed distributor of the Denatonium benzoate product range of Wincom is a leading manufacturer of Denatonium Benzoate located in the United States.

The primary use of Denatonium benzoate is for taste a version purposes for poison prevention.
Denatonium Benzoate not only leaves a bitter flavor in the liquids, but also leaves a bitter residue on objects, like screens and keyboards, that may transfer to hands and cause problems (such as when eating).
Denatonium benzoate is not intended for use in any products or chemicals in which the intention is human ingestion.

Denatonium benzoate is a white powder with a water solubility of 42 grams per liter.
One gram of denatonium benzoate can produce an extremely bitter and unpleasant taste in 100 liters of water (30 gallons).
Denatonium benzoate is so bitter that humans and pets can't stand it. Denatonium Benzoate is the active ingredient in products such as Tree Guard and Bitrex.

Denatonium benzoate is also used in combination with bad smelling compounds to repel animals.
Denatonium benzoate is the active ingredient in products such as "Off Limits Dog Training Spray", "Anit-Chew Bitter Spray for Pets", "Ultra-Bitter Training Aid Spray", and "Bitter YUCK! No Chew Dog, Cat & Horse Spray".

Some examples of products which contain denatonium benzoate are antifreeze, detergents (in ethanol), floor cleaner, paint stripper and toilet cleaner.
In addition to this, it is used as a disinfectant.
Ethanol or ethyl alcohol, sometimes just called Alcohol, is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.

In the United States alcoholic beverages (liquor, wine, beer, etc.) are heavily taxed.
In order to avoid paying beverage taxes on alcohol that is not meant to be consumed (e.g., for use in cosmetic and personal care products), the alcohol must be denatured per specific formulations given by the U.S.
Government’s Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB).

The process adds a small amount of a denaturant to the alcohol to make it taste bad, thus creating alcohol that is not suitable for drinking, but is otherwise similar for other purposes.
When used in products that are not food, beverages or oral drugs, many other countries, like the U.S., also require that alcohol be denatured.
Denatured alcohol is generally identified as Alcohol Denat. or specially Denatured (SD) Alcohol.

Denatonium Benzoate, t-Butyl Alcohol, Diethyl Phthalate, Methyl Alcohol, Salicylic Acid, Sodium Salicylate, and Methyl Salicylate are examples of denaturants permitted for use by the TTB and concluded to be safe for use in cosmetics.
Other countries have different rules on allowed denaturants so when formulating with local regulations.
Denatonium benzoate can be obtained by the quaternization of lidocaine, a popular anesthetic, with benzyl chloride or a similar reagent.

To obtain other salts, like the benzoate, the formed denatonium chloride is subjected to an anion exchange reaction with sodium benzoate, or first sodium hydroxide to make denatonium hydroxide followed by neutralization with benzoic acid.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.
Denatonium benzoate is one of the most bitter substances known.

Melting point: 164-168 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 555.91°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.1256 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5800 (estimate)
Flash point: 100℃
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: methanol: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
form: Solid
color: White to Off-White
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland
Water Solubility: 42.555g/L at 25℃
LogP: 2.2 at 25℃

Denatonium benzoate is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.
Denatonium benzoate may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
In pharmaceutical formulations, denatonium benzoate has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation it has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.

Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (trade names Bitrex) is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.
Scientists at Macfarlan Smith, Ltd. of Edinburgh, Scotland discovered Bitrex during research on derivatives of the anesthetic lidocaine.
The extremely bitter taste proved effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals.

Denatonium is commonly included in placebo medications used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain medications.
Denatonium activates bitter taste receptor, mainly, TAS2R4, TAS2R8, TAS2R10, TAS2R13 on many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent pathways.
Denatonium Benzoate’ s bitter properties make Denatonium Benzoate an excellent repellent and when added to phytosanitary products it contributes to inhibiting the feeding of animals on treated trees and plants.

Denatonium Benzoate’ s repellent qualities equally help fight rodents such as rats or mice.
Denatonium benzoate is a potent bitter taste receptor agonist widely used for activation of different cell pathways.
Denatonium benzoate is a rather more convenient name than phenylmethyl-[2- [(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-diethylammonium.

Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium cation, with two ethyl arms, one benzyl and one larger amide one, and usually comes as a benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid.
Denatonium benzoate's claim to fame is simple, unpleasant but valuable - denatonium benzoate is the most bitter substance yet discovered.This unreactive, colourless, odourless compound was first produced accidentally in 1958 by Scottish pharmaceutical manufacturer T & H Smith, later Macfarlan Smith, where researchers were experimenting with variants of an anaesthetic for dentists called lignocaine.

Denatonium benzoate was soon discovered that just a few parts per million of denatonium benzoate were enough for this aggressively unpleasant compound to render a substance distasteful to humans.
Denatonium benzoate is now known as the world's most bitter compound.
A concentration of 10ppm solution is already too bitter to bear for most people.

Denatonium benzoate is applied to the surfaces of toys as a painful substance to prevent significant consumption of hazardous substances.
Denatonium benzoate also applies to outdoor cables and wires to prevent rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium benzoate is a deterrent agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks, and rodenticides to suppress swallowing, especially when young children come into contact with these toxic substances.

Until now, the most common use of denatonium benzoate is to denature alcohol so that Denatonium benzoate is unfit for human consumption and is exempted from the tariffs ormally valid for alcohol.
In recent years, its inclusion in household products, garden products, and cosmetics has been intensely promoted to prevent children from accidentally swallowing it.
A concentrated solution of denatonium benzoate is available in the USA, which will be sold directly to the public in addition to household products.

Denatonium benzoate was discovered in 1958 by Macfarlan Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, during research on local anesthetics.
Dilutions as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter for most people.
Denatonium salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often sold as solutions.

Denatonium Benzoate, an extremely bitter derivative of lignocaine, has been used worldwide as an alcohol denaturant for over 30 years.
The recent recognition of its application to deter ingestion of potentially toxic products has led to its use as an inert ingredient in pesticides, automotive chemicals and household items.
A standard research protocol has been developed to determine the applicability of the use of Denatonium benzoate in certain formulations.

This ensures compatibility, stability and optimum Denatonium Benzoate concentration to affect a bitter taste in the formulated product.
Denatonium benzoate is currently known as the world's most painful ingredient.
The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter taste.

Strychnine is a cheap and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium benzoate is widely used as a deterrent agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substances.
For example, industrial alcohol, which tastes similar to ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animal dispersion, liquid soaps and shampoos, has been added to ethylene glycol or methanol.

Denatonium benzoate is also added to special nail polish ingredients as a repellent to avoid the child's bad finger biting.
Denatonium benzoate is stable up to 140 ° C and over a wide pH range.
Denatonium benzoate should be stored in a cool and dry place in a well-sealed container (such as steel with polyethylene lining).

Aqueous or alcoholic solutions retain their pain for several years, even when exposed to light.
Denatonium Benzoate is a bittering agent.
Denatonium Benzoate is considered the bitterest chemical compound with a range of uses in the manufacture of cleaners, automotive supplies as well as health and beauty items.

Commercially, this compound is available as a white crystalline powder, but denatonium benzoate granules or solutions are also available.
Humans can typically sense sweet, sour, salty, savory and bitter-tasting stuff.
Of these flavors, bitter-tasting chemicals elicit the most reaction.

The gene determines a person’s ability to detect the bitterness associated with substances such as quinine, which is an ingredient in tonic water.
Denatonium Benzoate is also the standard for this type of bitter flavor.
At a concentration of 0.008 moles per cubic meter, the human tongue can detect the presence of quinine.

For denatonium benzoate, a concentration of 0.000008 moles per cubic meter is discernible to humans.
Bitterants such as denatonium benzoate are useful as aversive additives to prevent accidental ingestion of hazardous automotive compounds.
In Europe and in some U.S. states, addition of denatonium benzoate is required in ethylene glycol or anti-freeze and windshield washer fluids.

Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergent and insecticide include a certain amount of denatonium benzoate to discourage consumption by mouth.
Denatonium Benzoate is applied on surfaces of toys as a bittering agent to prevent substantial consumption of hazardous materials.

Denatonium Benzoate is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium benzoate is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.
By far, the most common use of denatonium benzoate is to denature alcohol, making Denatonium Benzoate unfit for human consumption and exempt from tariffs that normally apply to

Denatonium benzoate is generally regarded as having the most bitter taste of any compound known to science.
Denatonium benzoate is sold under the trade name of Bitrex.
Although denatonium benzoate has a powerful taste, Denatonium benzoate is colorless and odorless.

The taste is so strong, however, that most people cannot tolerate a concentration of more than 30 parts per million of denatonium benzoate.
Solutions of denatonium benzoate in alcohol or water are very stable and retain their bitter taste for many years.
Exposure to light does not lessen the compound's bitter taste.

Denatonium benzoate is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Denatonium benzoate is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.
Efficacy and safety studies on Denatonium benzoate are limited and may be subject to different interpretations when considered in the context of a potential bittering.

Denatonium benzoate is used in many personal care products such as make-up, lotion, fragrance, shaving, oral care, skin care and hair care products, where it functions as antifoam, cosmetic astringent, solvent and viscosity reducing agent.
In OTC antimicrobial drug products, Alcohol also functions as an antimicrobial agent to kill germs.
Commonly found as denatonium benzoate (or under trade names like Bitrex or Aversion) and denatonium saccharide, denatonium is the bitterest known compound.

The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter flavor.
Denatonium benzoate is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Denatonium benzoate is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.

Denatonium benzoate has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos. Moreover,
Denatonium benzoate was first synthesized in the 1950s and is usually prepared by reacting denatonium chloride with benzyl benzoate.
Denatonium benzoate is odorless, colorless and non-reactive, making Denatonium benzoate a suitable additive that does not interfere with the primary purpose of the base compound.

Denatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant, possibly a combination of 20 in United States pictures.
People can typically feel things that taste sweet, sour, salty, salty, and bitter.
Among these flavors, Denatonium benzoate with a bitter taste cause the most reactions.
Sensitivity to bitter flavors depends on genetics: The TAS2R38 gene determines a person's ability to detect bitterness associated with substances such as quinine, a component in tonic water.

Denatonium benzoate is also the standard for this kind of bitter taste.
At a concentration of 0.008 moles per cubic meter, the human tongue can detect the presence of quinine.
For Denatonium benzoate, a concentration of 0.000008 moles per cubic meter can be noticed by humans.

Bitter substances such as Denatonium benzoate are useful as deterrent additives to prevent accidental ingestion of dangerous automotive compounds.
Denatonium benzoate is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.

Uses:
Denatonium benzoate is often added to various alcohol-based products like hand sanitizers, rubbing alcohol, and disinfectants to discourage ingestion, especially in situations where these products might be mistaken for consumable beverages.
Denatonium benzoate can be used in animal repellents to prevent animals from chewing or consuming treated items.
In products like varnishes and wood coatings, denatonium benzoate can deter individuals from attempting to ingest or chew on treated surfaces.

In some cases, Denatonium benzoate's used in dental products like mouthguards and orthodontic devices to discourage biting or chewing on them.
In industrial settings, Denatonium benzoate can be added to surfactants and detergents to prevent misuse and accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is used worldwide as a denaturant for alcohol.

Denatonium benzoate is included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (topical gel and solution).
Bitterants such as denatonium benzoate are useful as aversive additives to prevent accidental ingestion of hazardous automotive compounds.
In Europe and in some U.S. states, addition of denatonium benzoate is required in ethylene glycol or anti-freeze and windshield washer fluids.

Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergent and insecticide include a certain amount of denatonium benzoate to discourage consumption by mouth.
Pharmaceutic aid (alcohol denaturant; flavor).
Added to toxic substances as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.

Can replace brucine or quassin as denaturant for ethyl alcohol.
Denatonium benzoate is used in products like engine coolant and antifreeze to prevent accidental ingestion by humans or animals.
Denatonium benzoate is a bittering agent used to make toxic products more difficult to ingest.

Some aerosol sprays, such as air fresheners and cleaning sprays, contain denatonium benzoate to prevent inhalation or ingestion.
In some regions, denatonium benzoate is added to fuel products to prevent fuel theft and to reduce the risk of fuel ingestion, which can be harmful.
Some fire extinguishers may use denatonium benzoate to prevent misuse by discouraging people from tasting or ingesting the contents.

In laboratory settings, Denatonium benzoate can be added to chemicals and solutions to reduce the risk of accidental ingestion.
Denatonium benzoate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), polishes and waxes, fertilisers, anti-freeze products and plant protection products.
Release to the environment of Denatonium benzoate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Denatonium benzoate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), plant protection products, anti-freeze products and polishes and waxes.
Denatonium benzoate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and health services.

Denatonium benzoate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, machinery and vehicles and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
Release to the environment of Denatonium benzoate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and for thermoplastic manufacture.
Denatonium Benzoate is a bittering agent which is used to give a bitter taste to toxic products in order to make the product more difficult to ingest.

Examples of products which contain denatonium benzoate are: antifreeze, detergents, floor cleaner, paint stripper and toilet cleaner.
Denatonium benzoate is added to numerous household products, such as cleaning agents, detergents, and solvents, to discourage accidental ingestion.
This helps prevent poisoning, particularly in homes with children or pets.

Some automotive products, including antifreeze and windshield washer fluids, contain denatonium benzoate to deter accidental ingestion, which can be toxic.
Denatonium benzoate is used in certain paints and coatings to make them unpalatable.
This discourages individuals from consuming paint, which can be hazardous.

Nail polish removers may contain denatonium benzoate to make them taste extremely bitter, preventing individuals, especially children, from accidentally ingesting them.
Some personal care products like nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics may include denatonium benzoate to make them unappealing to taste, reducing the risk of misuse.
In specific medications and pharmaceutical formulations, denatonium benzoate is used to deter misuse or accidental ingestion, particularly in cases where the drug could be harmful if ingested.

Denatonium benzoate is added to denatured alcohol to make it unpalatable.
This is important in preventing the consumption of alcohol that is not meant for drinking, such as industrial or cleaning purposes.
Some agricultural chemicals, such as fertilizers and herbicides, incorporate denatonium benzoate to deter ingestion.

Denatonium benzoate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), plant protection products, polishes and waxes, anti-freeze products, air care products, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, polymers, water softeners and cosmetics and personal care products.
Denatonium benzoate may be added to some adhesives to deter people from attempting to chew or ingest adhesive products.

Beyond cleaning agents and detergents, Denatonium benzoate can also be found in various other household chemicals like drain cleaners, toilet bowl cleaners, and paint thinners.
Some insecticides and rodenticides use denatonium benzoate to prevent ingestion, especially by children or pets.
Certain garden products, such as fertilizers and herbicides, contain denatonium benzoate to reduce the risk of ingestion.

In some regions, Denatonium benzoate's added to tobacco products like cigarettes and chewing tobacco to discourage ingestion, particularly by children and young individuals.
Insect repellents, pet shampoos, and other products that pets might be tempted to lick or consume sometimes contain denatonium benzoate to deter this behavior.
Some stationery items, such as glues and correction fluids, use denatonium benzoate to prevent misuse by children.

In healthcare settings, denatonium benzoate can be used to discourage the ingestion of certain medical products or solutions.
Some oral care products, like mouthwash, may include denatonium benzoate to prevent accidental swallowing, especially by children.
Various industrial and agricultural chemicals might incorporate denatonium benzoate to reduce the risk of ingestion.

In manufacturing processes, denatonium benzoate can be used to protect workers from the accidental ingestion of chemical substances.
Denatonium benzoate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and health services.
Denatonium benzoate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles, plastic products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), electrical, electronic and optical equipment and furniture.

Other release to the environment of Denatonium benzoate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
The bitterest compound known Denatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Denatonium benzoate is also used in antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.

Further, Denatonium benzoate is used in air care products.
Denatonium benzoate acts as H1 antihistamine.

Safety Profile:
Denatonium benzoate is extremely bitter and can cause extreme discomfort and nausea if ingested.
Denatonium benzoate is essential to use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles when handling the substance to prevent skin and eye contact.
Inhalation of denatonium benzoate dust or aerosols may irritate the respiratory tract, leading to coughing or throat irritation.

Proper ventilation in areas where denatonium benzoate is handled can help minimize this risk.
While it is not toxic at the concentrations typically used in products, accidental ingestion can lead to adverse reactions such as vomiting and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Contact with denatonium benzoate can cause eye and skin irritation.

Environmental Impact:
Denatonium benzoate is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonmutagenic substance.
While denatonium benzoate is not known to pose significant environmental hazards, large-scale spills or releases into waterways could potentially have ecological consequences.
Denatonium benzoate is essential to handle and store the substance properly to prevent environmental contamination.

Storage:
Denatonium benzoate is stable up to 140°C and over a wide pH range.
Denatonium benzoate should be stored in a well-closed container (such as polythene-lined steel) in a cool, dry place.
Aqueous or alcoholic solutions retaintheir bitterness forseveral years evenwhenexposed to light.

Synonyms:
DENATONIUM BENZOATE
3734-33-6
Bitrex
Lidocaine benzyl benzoate
THS-839
Denatonium (benzoate)
Aversion
Denatonium benzoate anhydrous
Benzoato de denatonio
Benzoate de denatonium
Lignocaine benzyl benzoate
WIN 16568
MFCD00031578
M5BA6GAF1O
NSC-157658
ECX-95BY
Benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)ammonium benzoate
3734-33-6 (benzoate)
DTXSID8034376
NSC 157658
WIN-16568
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium benzoate
NCGC00017043-02
Anispray
CAS-3734-33-6
Gori
DTXCID6014376
Caswell No. 083BB
Denatonii benzoas
N-benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate (1:1)
Denatonii benzoas [INN-Latin]
LIDOCAINE BENZYL BENZOATE HYDRATE
EINECS 223-095-2
UNII-M5BA6GAF1O
Benzoate de denatonium [INN-French]
Benzoato de denatonio [INN-Spanish]
Denatonium benzoate [USAN:INN:BAN]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009106
N-Benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
Benzoato di denatonio
SCHEMBL49511
MLS002154073
Denatonium benzoate, >=98%
Benzyldiethyl(2,6-xylylcarbamoylmethyl)ammonium benzoate
CHEMBL1371493
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [MI]
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [INN]
VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
((2,6-Xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)diethyl benzyl ammonium benzoate
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [INCI]
HMS1571A03
HMS2093L12
HMS2098A03
HMS2233O05
HMS3373C04
HMS3715A03
Pharmakon1600-01505987
Ammonium, benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)-, benzoate
HY-B1146
Tox21_110754
Tox21_301587
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-diethylazanium;benzoate
DENATONIUM BENZOATE [WHO-DD]
NSC157658
NSC759299
AKOS015888129
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxo-ethyl]-diethyl-ammonium benzoate
N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]benzylammonium benzoate
Tox21_110754_1
CCG-213592
CS-4750
NSC-759299
Denatonium benzoate, analytical standard
N-(2-((2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethylbenzeneme- thanaminium benzoate
NCGC00017043-01
NCGC00091886-04
NCGC00164432-01
NCGC00255373-01
AC-14888
AS-15511
SMR001233385
SY075333
Ammonium,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]-, benzoate
D2124
FT-0622841
F16467
A823606
Q414815
W-106547
Denatonium benzoate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium Benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)-methyl]diethylammonium benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]-diethylammonium benzoate
Denatonium benzoate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Benzenemethanaminium,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium,N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
N-benzyl-2-(2,6-dimethylphenylamino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
N-(2-((2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYL)AMINO)-2-OXOETHYL)-N,N-DIETHYLBENZENEMETHANAMINIUM BENZOATE
DENATONIUM BENZOATE
DENATONIUM SACCHARIDE, N° CAS : 90823-38-4, Nom INCI : DENATONIUM SACCHARIDE Nom chimique : Benzenemethanaminium, N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, salt with 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide Ses fonctions (INCI) Dénaturant : Rend les cosmétiques désagréables. Principalement ajouté aux cosmétiques contenant de l'alcool éthylique
Denatonium benzoate
Benzoate de denatonium; Benzyl diethyl [(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl] ammonium benzoate; Denatoniumbenzoat; Benzoato de denatonio; Lidocaine benzyl benzoate; N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl­carbamoyl)­ methyl]­benzyl ammonium benzoate; Bitrex CAS NO:3734-33-6
DEQUEST 2060 S
DEQUEST 2060 S is innocuous, easily to be dissolved in acid solution.
DEQUEST 2060 S has excellent scale and corrosion inhibition and good thermal tolerance ability.
DEQUEST 2060 S can inhibit the scale formation of carbonate, sulfate and phosphate.

CAS Number: 15827-60-8
EC Number: 237-066-7
Molecular Formula: C9H28O15N3P5
Molecular weight: 573.2

DEQUEST 2060 S is a general purpose scale inhibitor, powerful sequestrant and excellent barium sulphate scale inhibitor.
DEQUEST 2060 S is used in cooling water treatment, peroxide bleach stabilization and scale control in detergent formulations, Industrial & Institutional Cleaners, Geothermal water treatment, oil field scale control.

DEQUEST 2060 S is innocuous, easily to be dissolved in acid solution.
DEQUEST 2060 S has excellent scale and corrosion inhibition and good thermal tolerance ability.

DEQUEST 2060 S can inhibit the scale formation of carbonate, sulfate and phosphate.
On situation of alkali environment and high temperature (above 210℃) DEQUEST 2060 S shows better scale and corrosion inhibition effect than other organophosphates.

DEQUEST 2060 S is also available with its Sodium Salt solution.

Uses of DEQUEST 2060 S:
DEQUEST 2060 S can be used as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water system and boiler water, and especially in alkali circulating cool water system without additional pH regulation.
DEQUEST 2060 S can also be used in oilfield refill water, cool water and boiler water with high concentration of barium carbonate.

When DEQUEST 2060 S is used alone, little scale sediment is found even none of dispersant is used.
DEQUEST 2060 S can also be used as peroxide stabilizer, chelating agent in woven dyeing industry, pigment dispersant, microelement’s carrying agent in fertilizer and concrete modifier.
In addition, DEQUEST 2060 S can be used in papermaking, electroplating, acid cleaning and cosmetics.

Recommended Uses of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Cleaning agent for stones and bricks,
Coatings,
Cosmetic additive.

Other Uses of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Formulation and (re)packing of substances and mixtures,
Antiscaling agents,
Use in Cleaning Agents,
Cosmetics, personal care products,
Metal surface treatment products, including galvanic and electroplating products,
Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removers,
Bleaching agent for paper pulp,
Bleaching agent,
Agrochemical uses,
Manufacture of ceramics and glass,
Manufacture of substance,
Use as an intermediate,
Industrial use,
Professional use,
Consumer use,
Distribution of substance.

Applications of DEQUEST 2060 S:
DEQUEST 2060 S is a wastewater pollutant, and a component of phosphorous-containing nanoparticles and materials, such as in the preparation of chitosan nanoparticles for plutonium pulmonary decorporation.
DEQUEST 2060 S is mainly used as Chelating (Sequestrating) agent, Peroxide Bleach Stabilization.

Package and Storage of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Storage for ten months of DEQUEST 2060 S in shady room and dry place.

Storage of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Hygroscopic, -20°C Freezer, Under inert atmosphere.

Safety and Protection of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Acidity, Avoid contact with eye and skin, once contacted, flush with water.

Identifiers of DEQUEST 2060 S:
CAS Number: 15827-60-8
Molecular Formula: C9H28N3O15P5
Molecular Weight: 573.2
Product Name: DTPMPA
Chemical name: Diethylene Triamine Penta(methylene phosphonic acid)
Molecular weight 573
CAS No. 15827-60-8
Common Name: DEQUEST 2060S

Properties of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Appearance: Pale Yellow to Brown Oil
Solubility: Aqueous Base (Sparingly), Water
Flash Point: Not applicable
Partition Coefficient:
Pow: 3.4 @ 20 °C (68 °F) log Pow: 20 °C (68 °F)
pH: < 2.0 @ 25 °C (77 °F)
Relative Density: 1.42 @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Solubility in Water: DEQUEST 2060 S is completely miscible
Chemical name: Diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid)
Abbreviation: DTPMPA
Product properties: Acid solution
Appearance: clear tan aqueous solution
Active content %: 50 (calculated as acid)
Molecular weight: 573
Average particle size (μ): NA
Density @20/20℃: 1.42
PH (1%at25℃): Freezing point (℃): -25
Chloride (%cl): Iron (PPMFE): CaCo3 scale inhibition: very good
CaSo4 scale inhibition: Excellent
Ca tolerance: good
Fe dispersion: chelating
ability: excellent
Carbon steel corrosion inhibition (compound): very good

Specifications of DEQUEST 2060 S:
CAS Number: 13598-36-2 - 15827-60-8 - 7647-01-0
Grade: Technical
Appearance: liquid
Color: dark, amber
Odor: pungent

Appearance: Clear, Dark amber solution
Active Content: 49.0 - 51.0 %
Phosphorous acid (asPO33-): 5.0% max
pH (1% water solution): 2.0% max
Density (20°C) g/cm3: 1.35 - 1.45
Ca Sequestration: 450 min

Ingredients of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid),
Hydrochloric acid,
Phosphonic acid.

Category of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Standards,
Environmental Standards,
Mutagens and Metabolites.

Other Related Products of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Disodium Coco-glucoside Citrate
Disodium Coco-glucoside Sulfo Succinate
Disodium Coco-glucoside Tartrate
DEQUEST 4066
DEQUEST 2060S
DEQUEST 2066A
DEQUEST SPE 1436
DEQUEST PB11620 D
DEQUEST PB11625 D
Turpinal 4NL- Tetrasodium Etidronate
Turpinal 4NP- Tetrasodium Etidronate
Turpinal SL- Etidronic Acid
DEQUEST 2010
DEQUEST 6004
DEQUEST 2047
DEQUEST 2016
DEQUEST 2016 DG
DEQUEST 2016D
DEQUEST 2046
DEQUEST 2066
DEQUEST 2066C2
DEQUEST 4266D
Caprylyl Glucoside
Lauryl Glucoside
Coco Glucoside

Synonyms of DEQUEST 2060 S:
Phosphonic acid, [[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis- (9CI)
Phosphonic acid, [[bis[2-[bis(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]methyl]- (8CI); P,P’,P’’,P’’’-[[(Phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis[phosphonic acid]
CIX
Cublen D 50
Cublen DNC 450
DETPMP
DQ 2060
DTPA-P
DTPF
DTPMP
DTPMPA
DTPP
DTPPA
DEQUEST 2060
DEQUEST 2060A
DEQUEST 2060S
DEQUEST SPE 9505
Diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N'',N''-penta(methylenephosphonic acid)
Diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N'',N''-pentakis(methylenephosphonic acid)
Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid)
Diethylenetriaminepentakis(methylenephosphonic acid)
Diethylenetriaminepentakis(methylphosphonic acid)
Diethylenetriaminopenta(methylenephosphonic acid)
Ethylenetriami
Phosphonic acid
H3PO3
UNII-35V6A8JW8E
35V6A8JW8E
CHEBI:44976
MFCD00137258
Cyclohexaneacetic acid, 4-[4-[6-(aminocarbonyl)-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazinyl]phenyl]-, trans-
Dihydroxyphosphine oxide
Trihydroxyphosphine
78T
PO3
Phosphorus trihydroxide
hydrogen phosphonic acid
Phosphorous acid, 99%
Phosphonate, Phosphonic acid
Phosphorous acid, >=98.5%
CHEMBL1235291
DTXSID2049715
Phosphorous acid solution, >=50%
EINECS 237-066-7
AKOS015903593
ZINC245204350
ZINC256056072
BP-21055
FT-0688176
FT-0693849
C06701
EC 237-066-7
Phosphonic acid 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
J-006791
Q64703485
15827-60-8
diethylenetriamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid
Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylene-phosphonic acid)
UNII-0Q75589TM3
SCHEMBL22924
Diethylenetriamine, pentamethylenepentaphosphonic acid
DTXSID0027775
MFCD00129718
ZINC59129438
AKOS025310980
(((Phosphonomethyl)imino)bis(ethane-2,1-diylnitrilobis(methylene)))tetrakisphosphonic acid
P074
FT-0624891
diethylenetriamine pentamethylenephosphonic acid
827D608
A809915
J-009490
Q3011490
Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid) solution
[(bis{2-[bis(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl}amino)methyl]phosphonic acid
Diethylenetriaminepentakis(methylphosphonic acid) solution 50% in 15% HCl: 35% H2O
Diethylenetriaminepentakis(methylphosphonic acid) solution, technical, ~50% (T)
244775-22-2
67774-91-8
Phosphonic acid, P,P',P'',P'''-(((phosphonomethyl)imino)bis(2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)))tetrakis-
7647-01-0
Muriatic acid
Acide chlorhydrique
Chlorwasserstoff
Anhydrous hydrochloric acid
Spirits of salt
Chloorwaterstof
Chlorowodor
Acido cloridrico
Muriaticum acidum
Aqueous hydrogen chloride
Hydrochloric acid gas
Marine acid
monohydrochloride
Spirit of salt
UNII-QTT17582CB
NSC 77365
CHEBI:17883
Hydrogen chloride (acid)
HCl
QTT17582CB
MFCD00011324
NSC-77365
E507
Bowl Cleaner
4-D Bowl Sanitizer
Chlorowodor [Polish]
Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 1N
Emulsion Bowl Cleaner
Caswell No. 486
Hydrogenchlorid
Chloorwaterstof [Dutch]
o-Tolidine Dihydrochloride Solution
Hydrochloric acid [JAN]
Chlorwasserstoff [German]
Hydrogen Chloride - Methanol Reagent
Titanium, Reference Standard Solution
Vanadium, Reference Standard Solution
Acido clorhidrico
UN 1789 (solution)
Hydrochloric acid, ACS reagent, 37%
UN 1050 (anhydrous)
mono hydrochloride
Acido cloridrico [Italian]
Platinum Cobalt Color Standard Solution
Chlorure d'hydrogene [French]
Chloruro de hidrogeno
HSDB 545
Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.1N (N/10)
Chloruro de hidrogeno [Spanish]
EINECS 231-595-7
UN1050
UN1789
UN2186
Anhydrous hydrogen chloride
Chlorure d'hydrogene anhydre [French]
Cloruro de hidrogeno anhidro [Spanish]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 045901
Chlorure d'hydrogene anhydre
Cloruro de hidrogeno anhidro
UN 2186 (refrigerated liquefied gas)
chloro
chlorum
hydrocloride
Salzsaeure
Hydrochloric acid [JAN:NF]
chloridohydrogen
hydro chloride
Chloro radical
Soldering acid
chlorhydric acid
hydochloric acid
hydogen chloride
Liriopesides-B
Baume hcl
Icon etch
Spirits of salts
Wasserstoffchlorid
monohydro-chloride
Sibiricose-A6
cloruro de hidrogeno
Acidum hydrochloricum
Enplate po 236
Hydrogen chloride - methanol solution
N-s/-Boc-D-lysine
H-Cl
Hydrochloric acid 37%
Dilute hydrochloric acid
Diluted hydrochloric acid
HCL]
17Cl
EC 231-595-7
Hydrochloric acid, anhydrous
Acidum hydrochloricum dilutum
hydrochloric acid for technical
Hydrochloric acid (JP15/NF)
INS NO.507
Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 2N
CHEMBL1231821
DTXSID2020711
Hydrochloric acid (JP17/USP)
CHEBI:23116
Hydrochloric acid solution, 1 M
Hydrochloric acid solution, 2 M
Hydrochloric acid solution, 6 M
hydrogen chloride ethanol solution
INS-507
Hydrochloric acid ACS grade 31%
Hydrogen chloride, 4M in dioxane
DTXSID801014230
Hydrochloric Acid Concentrate, 1N
NSC77365
Hydrogen Chloride - Butanol Reagent
SASRIN resin (200-400 mesh)
BDBM50499188
CS0072
Hydrochloric acid solution, 0.05 M
MFCD00792839
STL282413
Hydrochloric acid, p.a., 31-33%
Hydrogen chloride, refrigerated liquid
AKOS015843726
CCG-221928
DB13366
Hydrogen chloride, 4M aqueous solution
MCULE-7728164114
NA 1789
UN 1050
UN 1789
UN 2186
Hydrochloric acid, technical grade, 30%
2647-01-0
Hydrochloric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size)
H-Lys(2,4-dichloro-Z)-OBzl (c){ HCl
Hydrochloric acid solution, puriss., 36%
1N Hydrochloric Acid aqueous (+/-0.1N)
3N Hydrochloric Acid aqueous (+/-0.2N)
5N Hydrochloric Acid aqueous (+/-0.2N)
DS-002721
Hydrogen chloride, 25% (w/w) in Methanol
E-507
FT-0627124
FT-0628063
FT-0699355
FT-0699890
FT-0699899
FT-0700010
H1060
H1062
H1202
H1203
H1277
Q211086
Hydrochloric acid solution, 32 wt. % in H2O, FCC
Hydrochloric acid, SAJ first grade, 35.0-37.0%
Hydrochloric acid, solution [UN1789] [Corrosive]
Hydrogen chloride - ethanol solution, 3% in ethanol
Hydrogen chloride anhydrous [UN1050] [Poison gas]
Hydrogen chloride solution 3.95M-4.40M in dioxane
Hydrogen chloride solution 5.0-6.0M in isopropanol
Hydrogen chloride solution, 1.0 M in diethyl ether
Hydrogen chloride solution, 1M in isopropyl acetate
Hydrogen chloride solution, 2.0 M in diethyl ether
J-006148
Hydrochloric acid solution, BioXtra, ~0.1 M in H2O
Hydrochloric acid, Environmental Grade Plus, 33-36%
Hydrochloric acid, JIS special grade, 35.0-37.0%
Hydrochloric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, 36.5-38.0%
Hydrochloric acid, SAJ super special grade, >=35.0%
Hydrogen chloride, anhydrous [UN1050] [Poison gas]
Hydrogen chloride - ethanol solution, 0.1 M in ethanol
Hydrochloric acid solution, protein sequencing grade, liquid
Hydrochloric acid solution, SAJ first grade, 9.5-10.0%
Hydrochloric acid, purum p.a., fuming 37%, >=37% (T)
Hydrogen chloride, 5 to 6M solution in 2-propanol, pure
UNII-YQX12245A9 component VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Hydrochloric acid solution, 0.1 M, for 3S adapter technology
Hydrogen chloride, refrigerated liquid [UN2186] [Poison gas]
Hydrochloric acid solution, ~6 M in H2O, for amino acid analysis
Hydrochloric acid, 36.5-38.0%, BioReagent, for molecular biology
Hydrochloric acid, 37 wt. % in H2O, 99.999% trace metals basis
Hydrochloric acid, BioUltra, >=32% (T), suitable for luminescence
Hydrochloric acid, suitable for amino acid analysis, 35.0-37.0%
Hydrochloric acid, suitable for arsenic determination, 35.0-37.0%
Hydrogen chloride solution 3.0M in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME)
Hydrogen chloride solution, 3 M in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME)
Hydrogen chloride solution, 3 M in methanol, for GC derivatization
Hydrochloric acid solution, 1.0 N, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture
Hydrochloric acid solution, volumetric, 0.1 M HCl (0.1N), endotoxin free
Hydrochloric acid, suitable for determination of toxic metals, >=35.0%
Hydrogen chloride - ethanol solution, ~1.25 M HCl, for GC derivatization
Hydrogen chloride - methanol solution, ~1.25 M HCl, for GC derivatization
Hydrogen chloride solution, 0.5 M in methanol, for GC derivatization
Hydrochloric acid ACS grade 36.5-38% for Biochemistry and Molecular biology
Hydrochloric acid, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, NF, fuming, 36.5-38%
Hydrochloric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 37.0-38.0%
Hydrochloric acid, semiconductor grade PURANAL(TM) (Honeywell 17823), fuming 37%, 37-38
Hydrochloric acid, semiconductor grade PURANAL(TM) (Honeywell 17863), >=32%
Hydrochloric acid, semiconductor grade SLSI PURANAL(TM) (Honeywell 17302), fuming 37%
Hydrochloric acid, semiconductor grade VLSI PURANAL(TM) (Honeywell 17610), fuming 37%
Hydrogen chloride - 1-butanol solution, ~3 M in 1-butanol, for GC derivatization
Hydrogen chloride - 2-propanol solution, ~1.25 M HCl (T), for GC derivatization
185912-82-7
Chloride atomic spectroscopy standard concentrate 10.00 g Cl-, 10.00 g/L, for 1 l standard solution, analytical standard
Hydrochloric acid concentrate, 0.1N, Dissolution Media Concentrate, Dilute to 25L to conform to USP & EP
Hydrochloric acid concentrate, 0.1N, Dissolution Media Concentrate, Dilute to 6L to conform to USP & EP
Hydrochloric acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., fuming, >=37%, APHA: <=10
DEQUEST 2066
DEQUEST 2066 is general purpose scale inhibitor, powerful sequestrant and excellent barium sulphate scale inhibitor.
DEQUEST 2066 is chelating or sequestering agent stabilizing alkaline formulations and systems with percarbonates.
DEQUEST 2066 is used in cooling water treatment, peroxide bleach stabilization and scale control in detergent formulations, industrial & institutional cleaners, geothermal water treatment, oil field scale control.

CAS Number: 22042-96-2
EC Number: 244-751-4
Molecular Formula: C9H28N3O15P5.xNa
Molecular Weight: 1412.73

Synonyms: DEQUEST(R) 2060, DIETHYLENETRIAMINEPENTAKIS(METHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID), DIETHYLENE TRIAMINE PENTA(METHYLENE PHOSPHONIC ACID), dtpmp, [[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis-phosphonic acid, Diethylenetriamine,pentamethylenepentaphosphonicacid, diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic), diethylenetriaminepenta(methylphosphonicacid), diethylenetriaminepentakis(methylphos-phonicacid)sol., e)]]tetrakis-, phosphonicacid,[[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylen, Phosphonicacid,[[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis-, [[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[ethane-2,1-diylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakisphosphonic acid, stabilizer WPW-2 of hydrogen peroxide, DETPMP, DIETHYLENE TRIAMINE PENTA, DEQUEST 2060, diethylenetriaminepentakis(methylphosphonic acid)solution, Diethylenetriamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid) (DTPMP), DIETHYLENEPENTA(METHYLENEPHOSPHONICACID) CAS NO:15827-60-8, Phosphonic acid,P,P′,P′′,P′′′-[[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis-,sodium salt (1:?), Phosphonic acid,[[bis[2-[bis(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]methyl]-,sodium salt, Phosphonic acid,[[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis-,sodium salt, Wayplex 55S, Sequion 40Na32, Briquest 543-33S, DEQUEST 2066, Masquol P 550, Briquest 221, Briquest 543-25S, Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid) sodium salt, DETPM, DEQUEST 4066, Briquest 543-45AS, Briquest 543-45, Cublen D 3217N, 103333-75-1, 92481-35-1, 291513-78-5

DTPMP or diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is a phosphonic acid.
DEQUEST 2066 has chelating and anti corrosion properties.

DEQUEST 2066 is chelating or sequestering agent stabilizing alkaline formulations and systems with percarbonates.

Uses of DEQUEST 2066:
DEQUEST 2066 is mainly used to synthesize the cardiovascular drug Metoprolol.
DEQUEST 2066 is a raw material for the synthesis of medicines, pesticides, dyes, and engineering plastics.

Handling And Storage of DEQUEST 2066:

Handling:
Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling or contact.

Engineering measures:
Provide natural or mechanical ventilation to minimize exposure.
If practical, use local mechanical exhaust ventilation at sources of air contamination such as processing equipment.

Storage of DEQUEST 2066:
Keep in a cool, dry, well ventilated place.
Stable under normal conditions of handling and storage.
Material should be kept cool and dry for best results.

Temperature: > -10 C

Use these materials for equipment:
Glass lining, PVC, polypropylene, glass reinforced plastic, polyethylene.

Unsuitable materials of construction:
Mild steel, carbon steel, aluminum, other metals.

Shelf life of DEQUEST 2066:
3 years.

First Aid Measures of DEQUEST 2066:

Grossly contaminated clothing:
Wash before re-use.

Eye contact:
Rinse immediately with plenty of water.
Continue for at least 15 minutes.
Obtain medical advice if there are persistent symptoms.

Skin contact:
Wash immediately with plenty of water.
Obtain medical advice if there are persistent symptoms.

Inhalation:
Remove patient to fresh air.

Ingestion:
Give water to drink.
Obtain medical advice.

Fire Fighting Measures of DEQUEST 2066:

Extinguishing media:
Water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide

Exposure hazards:
Decomposes in a fire giving off irritant fumes.

Combustion products:
Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), phosphorus oxides (PxOy)

Protective equipment:
Firefighters, and others exposed, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.

Identifers of DEQUEST 2066:
CAS No: 22042-96-2
Formula: C9H28N3O15P5.xNa
EC Number: 239-931-4
Molecular Weight: 1412.73
Exact Mass: 792.84000
EC Number: 244-751-4
DSSTox ID: DTXSID2029321|DTXSID0029840

Properties of DEQUEST 2066:
Form: liquid
Colour: amber
Odour: odourless
pH: 2 - 3 @ 10 g/l @ 25 C
Specific gravity: 1,41 - 1,43
Water solubility: completely miscible
Partition coefficient noctanol/water (log Pow): 3,5 @ 20 C
Freezing point: -20 C

Molecular Weight: 595.18
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 9
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 18
Rotatable Bond Count: 16
Exact Mass: 595.00279643
Monoisotopic Mass: 595.00279643
Topological Polar Surface Area: 300
Heavy Atom Count: 33
Complexity: 813
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical state: Liquid.
Colour: Brown.
Melting point/freezing point: 449.85°C. Remarks: No atmospheric pressure was recorded for this endpoint.
Boiling point or initial boiling point and boiling range: > 480 °C.
Flash point: 560.6ºC
Kinematic viscosity: dynamic viscosity (in mPa s) = Ca. 150. Temperature: 20°C.
SolubilityIn water: Remarks: The substance was reported as miscible in water.
Partition coefficient n-octanol/water: log Pow = -3.4. Remarks: Temperature and pH not stated.
Vapour pressure: 0 Pa. Temperature: 25 °C.
Density and/or relative density: 1.42.

Specifications of DEQUEST 2066:
PSA: 374.72000
XLogP3: 1.95040
Appearance: Liquid; WetSolid
Density: 1.945g/cm3
Boiling Point: 1003.3ºC at 760mmHg
Flash Point: 560.6ºC

Chemical Composition of DEQUEST 2066:
Diethylenetriamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid)

Other DEQUEST Products:
DEQUEST 2010
DEQUEST 2016
DEQUEST 2016 DG
DEQUEST 2016D
DEQUEST 2046
DEQUEST 2047
DEQUEST 2060S
DEQUEST 2066A
DEQUEST 2066C2
DEQUEST 4066
DEQUEST 4266D
DEQUEST 6004
DEQUEST PB11620 D
DEQUEST PB11625 D
DEQUEST SPE 1436
DEQUEST 2066
Sodium lauryl dipropionate; N-DODECYL-B-IMINODIPROPIONIC ACID, MONOSODIUM SALT, ANAGRADE?; sodium N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-beta-alaninate; SODIUM LAURIMINODIPROPIONATE; .beta.-Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-, monosodium salt; n-(2-carboxyethyl)-n-dodecyl-beta-alanin monosodium salt; n-(2-carboxyethyl)-n-dodecyl-beta-alaninmonosodium salt; N-Lauryl-.beta.-iminodipropionic acid, sodium salt CAS NO:14960-06-6
DERIPHAT 160 C
CELLULOSE GUM, N° CAS : 9004-32-4 - Dérivé de cellulose, Autres langues : Goma de celulosa, Gomma di cellulosa, Zellulosegummi, Nom INCI : CELLULOSE GUM, La cellulose est présente naturellement dans les parois des végétaux, y compris dans le bois. Par le terme de "Cellulose Gum", on désigne un dérivé de cellulose, sans pour autant savoir lequel. De manière industrielle, la cellulose est en générale extraite à partir du bois, elle permet de fabriquer des matières plastiques (cellophane), du carton ou des textiles (viscose). En cosmétique, elle est utilisé en tant qu'agent liant et stabilisant d'émulsions.Dans les lessives, elle joue le rôle d'agent anti-redéposition, c'est à dire qu'elle évite que la saleté ne se redépose sur une surface pendant le lavage.Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques
DERTOLINE DEG 2
DERTOLINE DEG 2 Dertoline DEG 2 Dertoline DEG 2, a diethylene glycol-esterified rosin, is a liquid resin, tackifier and plasticizing agent, compatible with a wide range of elastomers. Applications EVA and SBC-based hot melt adhesives ACID NUMBER, MG KOH / G: 13 COLOR, GARDNER, 50 RESIN / 50 TOLUENE: 2,5 DROPPING POINT, °C:37 DERTOLINE DEG 2 Technical Datasheet DERTOLINE DEG 2 is diethylene glycol-esterified rosin-based tackifier. This deodorized liquid is used in EVA based hot-melt adhesives for packaging, labeling and bookbinding. Also used in SBC or SIS based hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesives. The shelf life of DERTOLINE DEG 2 is 6 months. Product Type Tackifiers > Rosin Esters > Ethylene Glycol Esters (DEG / TEG) Chemical Composition Rosin esterified with diethyleneglycol CAS Number 68153-38-8 DERTOLINE DEG 2 CAS Number: 68153-38-8 Specifications Limits Description DERTOLINE DEG 2 is a rosin esteri?ed with diethyleneglycol and deodorized. It is a liquid tackifyer Acid Value, mg KOH/g 20 max Gardner Color 5 max (50 resin / 50 toluene) Dropping Point 40 deg C Viscocity about 1200 mPa.s @ 75 deg C Hydroxyl Value 25 Molecular weight 500 g/mol Solubility Totally soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl a Stability About 6 months. storage conditions and inventory control must be observed. NOTES Application: used as EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging, labelling and bookbinding, and SBC based Hot Melt presure sensitive adhesives. Packaging: 200 kg net weight drums or 800 kg pallets. Storage Conditions: Under cover at temperature below 30°C. Use: BINDING, BULKING, DEPILATORY, FILM FORMING, PLASTICISER DERTOLINE DEG 2 is a Diethylene glycol ester of Tall Oil rosin
DERTOPHENE H 150
DERTOPHENE H 150 DERTOPHENE H 150 is a terpene phenolic resin showing a high polarity. It is suitable for use in solvent based and hot melt based adhesives. DERTOPHENE H 150 Technical Datasheet DERTOPHENE H 150 is a tackifier based on terpene phenolic resin. It is compatible with ethylene/vinyl acetate, ethylene/butyl acrylate copolymers, with polyesters and with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, synthetic resins). It provides high softening point, high polarity, specific adhesion and thermal resistance. It is used in EVA based hot-melt adhesives for packaging and woodworking. It is recommended for tire applications. The shelf life of DERTOPHENE H 150 is 6 months. DERTOPHENE H 150 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin that shows a high softening point. Its high polarity allows specific performances when formulated with EVA copolymers : specific adhesion, thermal resistance. USES EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging and woodworking. Masterbaches Printing inks Tyres Typical Product Specifications & Properties DERTOPHENE H 150 CAS Number: 25359-84-6 Specifications Limits Description DERTOPHENE H 150 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin that shows a high softening point. Gardner Color 6 max, neat Hydroxyl Value 145 Gardner Color 6 (50 resin / 50 toluene) Molecular weight About 700 g/mol Acid Value, mg KOH/g 1 max Solubility Soluble in the most usual solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl acetate, ethylene / butyl acry Stability About 6 months, storage conditions and a strict inventory control must be observered. DERTOPHENE T 105 Technical Datasheet DERTOPHENE T 105 is terpene phenolic resin-based tackifier. It is compatible with ethylene/ vinyl acetate, ethylene/ butyl acrylate copolymers, natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, chloroprene, butyl), polyesters and acrylics. Also compatible with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, hydrocarbon resins) and waxes. DERTOPHENE T 105 is used in EVA-based hot-melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking, labeling. It is used in SBC-based hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesives, sealants-based on butyl rubber or polyurethane and solvent-based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. It improves specific adhesion, hot tack and flexibility. It also enhances properties of natural or acrylic rubber solvent-based adhesives. The shelf life of DERTOPHENE T 105 is 18 months. Product Type Tackifiers > Terpenes > Terpene phenol Chemical Composition Terpene phenolic resin CAS Number 25359-84-6 Terpene phenolic resin Dertophene H 150 Dertophene H 150 is a light-colored terpene phenolic resin with a high softening point. Its high polarity gives it specific properties in formulations with EVA copolymers (specific adhesion, low-temperature adhesion, flexibility and hot tack). Applications EVA-based hot melt adhesives for packaging and wood. Masterbatches for rubber Printing inks Tires Specifications Limits Description DERTOPHENE H 150 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin that shows a high softening point. Its hi Gardner Color 6 max, neat Hydroxyl Value 145 Gardner Color 6 (50 resin / 50 toluene) Molecular weight About 700 g/mol Acid Value, mg KOH/g 1 max Solubility Soluble in the most usual solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl acetate, ethylene / butyl acry Stability About 6 months, storage conditions and a strict inventory control must be observered. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by DRT DERTOPHENE H 150 by DRT is a terpene phenolic resin. It is used in EVA based hot melt adhesives for packaging and woodworking. DERTOPHENE H 150 is compatible with ethylene / vinyl acetate, ethylene / butyl acrylate copolymers, with polyesters and with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, synthetic resins). It is soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. It provides high softening point, high polarity, specific adhesion and thermal resistance. The shelf life is 6 months. Product Type Tackifiers > Terpenes > Terpene phenol Chemical Composition Terpene phenolic resin Appearance Light coloredDERTOPHENE H 150 is a terpene phenolic resin showing a high polarity. It is suitable for use in solvent based and hot melt based adhesives. COMPANY DRT is a manufacturer of raw materials in the Adhesives and Sealants Industry. This company specializes in the development of turpentine and rosin extracted from pine resin along with other natural renewable resources to provide an increased flexibility as well as safety in the development of products. DRT's products include DERCOLYTE, GRANOLITE, DERMULSENE, DERTOPHENE, and DERTOLINE.PRODUCTS Adhesives Chewing-gum Paints and varnishes Pigments Rubber Flotation Road marking & asphalt Depilatory waxes DERTOPHENE H 150 Product Type: Polyterpene-Phenolic Master Product Number: MITM12940 Product SKUs: ITM20530 Softening Point (?) Color Gardner 50 R/50 T HYDROXYL Value DERTOPHENE T(Terpene phenolic resin) 95 4 20-50 DERTOPHENE T105(Terpene phenolic resin) 105 4 20-60 DERTOPHENE T110(Terpene phenolic resin) 111 4 40-60 DERTOPHENE T115(Terpene phenolic resin) 120 5 40-60 DERTOPHENE T135(Terpene phenolic resin) 135 5 50 DERTOPHENE 1510(Terpene phenolic resin) 150 6 100 DERTOPHENE T160(Terpene phenolic resin) 160 4.5 60 DERTOPHENE H150(Terpene phenolic resin) 118 5 135-150DRT is announcing changes in its DERTOPHENE® resin portfolios aimed at ensuring an acceptable economic return in the ever-changing market, improving service on high volume products and pursue our innovation program.
DERTOPHENE T 105
DERTOPHENE T 105 DERTOPHENE T 105 is terpene phenolic resin-based tackifier. It is compatible with ethylene/ vinyl acetate, ethylene/ butyl acrylate copolymers, natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, chloroprene, butyl), polyesters and acrylics. Also compatible with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, hydrocarbon resins) and waxes. DERTOPHENE T 105 is used in EVA-based hot-melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking, labeling. It is used in SBC-based hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesives, sealants-based on butyl rubber or polyurethane and solvent-based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. It improves specific adhesion, hot tack and flexibility. It also enhances properties of natural or acrylic rubber solvent-based adhesives. The shelf life of DERTOPHENE T 105 is 18 months. Product Type Tackifiers > Terpenes > Terpene phenol Chemical Composition Terpene phenolic resin CAS Number 25359-84-6 Dertophene T 105 is a light-colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with numerous elastomers, resins and waxes. It enhances certain properties of hot-melt and solvent-based adhesives, including specific adhesion, cold adhesion, flexibility and hot tack. Applications EVA-based hot melt for packaging, binding, wood and labeling SBC-based hot melt for pressure sensitive adhesives Butyl or polyurethane rubber-based sealants Natural or acrylic rubber solvent-based adhesives Tires DERTOPHENE T 105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes. It allows to improve the properties of Hot Melt or solvent adhesives such as specific adhesion, hot tack or flexibility. TYPICAL VALUE Softening point, ring and ball, °C 105 Gardner colour, 50 resin / 50 toluene 3 OTHER TECHNICAL DATA Hydroxyl value 20 -60 Molecular weight (Mw) About 700 Glass transition temperature (Tg mid), °C 55 Acid value, mg KOH/g Max 1 USES EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking and labelling. SBC based Hot Melt Pressure Sensitive Adhesives. Sealants based on butyl rubber or polyurethane. Solvent based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. DERTOPHENE T 105 by DRT is terpene phenolic resin-based tackifier. It is compatible with ethylene/ vinyl acetate, ethylene/ butyl acrylate copolymers, natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, chloroprene, butyl), polyesters and acrylics. Also compatible with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, hydrocarbon resins) and waxes. DERTOPHENE T 105 is used in EVA-based hot-melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking, labeling. It is used in SBC-based hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesives, sealants-based on butyl rubber or polyurethane and solvent-based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. It improves specific adhesion, hot tack and flexibility. It also enhances properties of natural or acrylic rubber solvent-based adhesives. The shelf life of DERTOPHENE T 105 is 18 months. DESCRIPTION DERTOPHENE T105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomeres, resin GARDNER COLOR 5 max (50 resin / 50 toluene) HYDROXYL VALUE 30 - 60 MOLECULAR WEIGHT about 700 g/mol ACID VALUE, MG KOH/G 1 max SOLUBILITY Totally soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl a STABILITY About 6 months, storage conditions and a strict inventory control must be observed. NOTES Application: EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking and labelling. SBC based Hot Melt pressure sensitive adhesives. Sealants based on butyl rubber or polyurethane. Solvent based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. Packaging: Flaked in 25 kg paperbag or wrapped pallets of 750 kg net weight. Storage conditons: Under cover and at temperature below 30°C. CLASS Terpenes A terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes. It improves the properties of hot melt or solvent adhesives. DERTOPHENE T 105 is a terpene phenolic resin. It is compatible with ethylene/ vinyl acetate, ethylene/ butyl acrylate copolymers with natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, chloroprene, butyl) with polyesters and acrylics. Also compatible with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, hydrocarbon resins) with waxes. DERTOPHENE T 105 is used in hot melt and solvent adhesives. Used as a tackifier in EVA-based hot melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking, labelling. Also used in SBC-based hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives, sealants-based on butyl rubber or polyurethane and solvent-based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. It improves specific adhesion, hot tack and flexibility. The shelf life of DERTOPHENE T 105 is 18 months. It is soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. DERTOPHENE T 105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes. It allows to improve the properties of Hot Melt or solvent adhesives such as specific adhesion, hot tack or flexibility.A terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes. It improves the properties of hot melt or solvent adhesives. DERTOPHENE T 105 This company specializes in the development of turpentine and rosin extracted from pine resin along with other natural renewable resources to provide an increased flexibility as well as safety in the development of products. products include DERCOLYTE, GRANOLITE, DERMULSENE, DERTOPHENE, and DERTOLINE. DERTOPHENE T 105 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PRODUCT DERTOPHENE T 105 Description: DERTOPHENE T 105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes. DERTOPHENE T 105 allows to improve the properties of Hot Melt or solvent adhesives such as specific adhesion, hot tack or flexibility. DERTOPHENE T 105 CAS 25359-84-6 Phenol,DERTOPHENE T 105 polymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene TYPICAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS DESCRIPTION DERTOPHENE 105 DERTOPHENE T105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomeres, resin GARDNER COLOR 5 max (50 resin / 50 toluene) HYDROXYL VALUE DERTOPHENE T 105 30 - 60 MOLECULAR WEIGHT DERTOPHENE T 105 about 700 g/mol ACID VALUE, MG KOH/G 1 max SOLUBILITY DERTOPHENE T 105 Totally soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl a STABILITY DERTOPHENE T 105 About 6 months, storage conditions and a strict inventory control must be observed. NOTES DERTOPHENE T 105 Application: EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking and labelling. SBC based Hot Melt pressure sensitive adhesives. Sealants based on butyl rubber or polyurethane. Solvent based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. Packaging: Flaked in 25 kg paperbag or wrapped pallets of 750 kg net weight. Storage conditons: Under cover and at temperature below 30°C. CLASS Terpenes DERTOPHENE T 105 TERPENE PHENOLICS DERTOPHENE T 95 45 700 DERTOPHENE T 105 105 55 700 DERTOPHENE T 115 120 65 700 DERTOPHENE H 150 118 65 700 POLYTERPENE RESINS DERCOLYTE LTG 20 -20 550 DERCOLYTE A 115 115 69 1000 DERCOLYTE S 115 115 70 2300 DERCOLYTE M 115 115 70 1300 DERCOLYTE L 120 122 72 1100 DERCOLYTE TS 105 105 55 1200 ROSIN DERIVATIVES DERTOLINE PLS 96 53 850 HYDROGRAL G 85 42 700
DERTOPHENE T 105
Dertophene T 105
CAS Number: 25359-84-6



APPLICATIONS


Dertophene T 105 is a terpene phenolic resin.
Furthermore, Dertophene T 105 is compatible with ethylene/ vinyl acetate, ethylene/ butyl acrylat natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, chloroprene, butyl) with polyesters and acrylics.


Applications of Dertophene T 105:

EVA-based hot melt for packaging, binding, wood and labeling
SBC-based hot melt for pressure sensitive adhesives
Butyl or polyurethane rubber-based sealants
Natural or acrylic rubber solvent-based adhesives
Tires


Relevant identified uses of Dertophene T 105:

Production and distribution of the substance
Adhesives
Putties

Dertophene T 105 is also compatible with various derivatives, polyterpene resins, hydrocarbon resins and with waxes.
Moreover, Dertophene T 105 is used in hot melt and solvent adhtackifier in EVA-based hot melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking, labelling.

Dertophene T 105 is also used in SBC-based sensitive adhesives, sealants-based on butyl rubber or polyurethane and solvent-based adhesives formulated with natural oimproves specific adhesion, hot tack and flexibility.

The shelf life of Dertophene T 105 is 18 months.
Dertophene T 105 is soluble in aromchlorinated solvents.


Applications of Dertophene T 105:

EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging
Bookbinding
Woodworking and labelling
SBC based Hot Melt pressure sensitive adhesives
Sealants based on butyl rubber or polyurethane
Solvent based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber


Dertophene T 105 is used for distribution of the substance.
Besides, Dertophene T 105 is used for adhesives.
Dertophene T 105 is used for putties.


Applications of Dertophene T 105:

Acrylic based or natural rubber based Pressure Sensitive Adhesives
Solvent based contact adhesives
EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for woodworking, packaging and labelling
SIS/SBS based Hot Melt adhesives (PSA)


Dertophene T 105 is used as excellent tackifying in:

Solvent based acrylic adhesive
Chloroprene rubber adhesive
SIS
SBS
Nature rubber
Hot-melt adhesive
Other polymers for adhesives


Benefits of Dertophene T 105:

Dertophene T 105 has excellent compatibility.
In addition, Dertophene T 105 dissolves in all kinds of polar solvent and nonpolar solvent.
Dertophene T 105 exhibits excellent tackifying features.


Dertophene T 105 is compatible with ethylene/ vinyl acetate, ethylene/ butyl acrylate copolymers, natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, chloroprene, butyl), polyesters and acrylics.
Additionally, Dertophene T 105 is also compatible with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, hydrocarbon resins) and waxes.

Dertophene T 105 is used in EVA-based hot-melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking, labeling.
More to that, Dertophene T 105 is used in SBC-based hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesives, sealants-based on butyl rubber or polyurethane and solvent-based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber.

Dertophene T 105 improves specific adhesion, hot tack and flexibility.
Further to that, Dertophene T 105 also enhances properties of natural or acrylic rubber solvent-based adhesives.

The shelf life of Dertophene T 105 is 18 months.



DESCRIPTION


Dertophene T 105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes.
Furthermore, Dertophene T 105 allows to improve the properties of Hot Melt or solvent adhesives such as specific adhesion, hot tack or flexibility.

Dertophene T 105 is a terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes.
Moreover, Dertophene T 105 improves the proper solvent adhesives.

Dertophene T 105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and wax105.
Besides, Dertophene T 105 allows to improve the properties of Hot Melt or solvent adhesives such as specific adhesion, hot tack or flexibility.

Dertophene T 105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomeres, resin GARDNER COLOR 5 max (50 resin / 50 toluene)

In addition, Dertophene T 105 is a light-colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with numerous elastomers, resins and waxes.
Dertophene T 105 enhances certain properties of hot-melt and solvent-based adhesives, including specific adhesion, cold adhesion, flexibility and hot tack.


Features of Dertophene T 105:

Totally soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents.
Compatible with ethylene/vinyl acetate and ethylene/butyl acrylate copolymers, natural and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, rosin, butyl, etc.) and polyesters.
Compatible with most resins (including processed rosins, polyterpenes and hydrocarbon resins).


Dertophene T 105 is terpene phenolic resin-based tackifier.
Additionally, Dertophene T 105 is a terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes.
Dertophene T 105 improves the properties of hot melt or solvent adhesives.

Dertophene T 105 is obtained by copolymerization of terpene monomer and phenol.
More to that, Dertophene T 105 has excellent compatibility.
Dertophene T 105 dissolves in all kinds of polar solvent and nonpolar solvent, exhibits excellent.

Dertophene T 105is also widely used in all kinds of solvent adhesive, dismodule type of CR adhesive, heat solvent adhesive, heat solvent adhesive stick & adhesive tape, and sole adhesive of high-grade shoes.



PROPERTIES


Hydroxyl Value: 30 - 60
Molecular Weight: about 700 g/mol
Acid Value, MG KOH/G: 1 max
Solubility: Totally soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl a
Stability: About 6 months, storage conditions and a strict inventory control must be observed.
Appearance:
Form: Solid
Color: Yellow
Odor: Odorless
Odor threshold: Not applicable
pH-value: Not applicable.
Change in condition
Boiling point/Boiling range: Not determined.
Softening point R&B: 102-108 °C (216-226 °F)
Flash point: 190 °C (374 °F) (closed up)
Flammability (solid, gaseous): Not determined.
Auto-ignition temperature: Not determined
Decomposition temperature: Not determined
Danger of explosion: The substance does not contain any chemical groups associated with explosive properties.
In the form supplied, the product is not explosive.
However fine dust clouds may form explosive mixtures with air.
Oxidizing properties: The substance does not contain any chemical groups associated with oxidising properties.
Vapor pressure: Not determined.
Specific gravity:
Relative density at 20 °C (68 °F) 1.03
Vapor density: Not determined.
Evaporation rate: Not determined.
Solubility in / Miscibility with
Water: Not soluble or slightly soluble.
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not determined
Viscosity:
Dynamic: Not applicable.
Additional information: No other data
Molecular Weight: 230.34
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 230.167065321
Monoisotopic Mass: 230.167065321
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 232
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID


After inhalation:

Supply fresh air.
If symptoms are experienced, get medical attention.
In case of unconsciousness place patient stably in side position for transportation.


After skin contact:

Immediately rinse with plenty of water.
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash clothing before reuse.

Clean shoes thoroughly before reuse.
Get medical attention if irritation occurs.
In case of hot product spashes on the skin, cool immediately with plenty of water during 15 minutes and seek medical advice.


After eye contact:

Immediately rinse with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Hold eyelids apart and flush eyes with plenty of cool low-pressure water for 15 minutes.
Consult an ophthalmologist.

If eye contact with hot product:

Do not open eyelids if covered with resins.
Immediately flush eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes.
Do not remove solidified material from burned eye as the damaged tissues can be easily torn.
Transfer immediately to hospital.


After swallowing:

Do not induce vomiting.
If the person is conscious, immediately rinse out mouth with water.

No adverse health effects are expected from accidental ingestion of small amounts of this product.
In case of lasting symptoms, consult a doctor.


For ingestion of large amounts:

Do not induce vomiting and get medical attention.

Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:
No data available.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Precautions for safe handling:

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
Provide adequate ventilation in the workplace.
Prevent formation of dust.
Provide suction extractors if dust is formed.


Information about protection against explosions and fires:

Protect against electrostatic charges.
Use only non-sparking tools.
Protect from heat.
Keep ignition sources away.


Conditions for safe storage:

Store if possible under cover in a cool well-ventilated location.
Provide storage areas with suitable ventilation to eliminate dusts.
All equipment including ventilation systems must be equipotential and earthed.

Store only in the original receptacle.
Avoid dust formation close to sources of ignition.
Protect from heat and direct sunlight.

Provide storage areas with suitable ventilation to eliminate dusts.
Ground all equipment.
Blanket vessel with inert gas when emptying bags where flammable vapors may be present.

Ground operator and pour material slowly into conductive, grounded chute.
For large bags (1000 lbs or greater) a ground cable MUST be attached to the bag ground connection.


Further information about storage conditions:

Recommended storage temperature:

Store at a temperature between 5 and 35 °C.
This product can be spoiled irreversibly if subjected to freezing temperatures or to prolonged heat.



SYNONYMS


Dertophene T 105
Dertophene T 105
DERTOFEN T 105
dertofen t 105
dertofen
dertofen terpen
dertofen feDERTHOPEHENOL
CAS 25359-84-6
DERTOPEN 105
DERTOPEN T105
DERTOPEN T 105
DERTOPEN T
DERTOPEEN T
DEROPTERPEN
TERPENE 105
TERPENS
TERPENE 105
DERTOPEN TERPEN 105
TERPEN DERTOPEN 105
FENOL TERPEN
dertopenet 105
dertophene t
Dertophene T 105 terpen
dertophenes
dertophenes phenol
dertophene resin
Phenol
potrimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]
hept-2-ene
DERTOPHENE T 95 45 700
Dertophene T 105 105 55 700
DERTOPHENE T 115 120 65 70150 118 65 700
POLYTERPENE RESINS
DERCOLYTE LTG 20 -20 550
DERCOLYTE A 115 115 69 1000
DERCOLYTE S 115 115 70M 115 115 70 1300
DERCOLYTE L 120 122 72 1100
DERCOLYTE TS 105 105 55 1200
Dertophene T 105
CAS 25359-84resins
terpenes 105
DERTOPEN T105
DERTOPEN T 105
DERTOPEN T
DERTOPEEN T
DEROPENE T 105
FENOL
TERPTERPENS
TERPENE 105
DERTOPEN TERPEN 105
TERPEN DERTOPEN 105
FENOL TERPEN
dertopene t 105
dertophene t Dertophene T 105 terpen
dertophenes
dertophenes phenol
dertophene resin
Phenol
polymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicycloDERTOPHENE T 95 45 700
Dertophene T 105 105 55 700
DERTOPHENE T 115 120 65 700
DERTOPHENE H 150 118 65 7RESINS
DERCOLYTE LTG 20 -20 550
DERCOLYTE A 115 115 69 1000
DERCOLYTE S 115 115 70 2300
DERCOLYTE M DERCOLYTE L 120 122 72 1100
DERCOLYTE TS 105 105 55 1200Dertophene T 105
Dertophene T 105
DERTOFEN T 10dertofen
dertofen terpen
dertofen fenol
DERTHOFEN
DERTHOPEHENOL
CAS 25359-84-6
DERTOPEN 105
DERTOPEN T105
DERTOPEN T
DERTOPEEN T
DEROPENE T 105
FENOL
TERPEN
TERPENE 105
TERPENS
TERPENE 105
DERTOPEN TEDERTOPEN 105
FENOL TERPEN
dertopene t 105
Dertophene T 105
dertophene t
Dertophene T 105 terpen
dertophenes
dedertophene resin
Phenol
polymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]
hept-2-ene
DERTOPHENE T 95 45 700
DERTOPHENEDERTOPHENE T 115 120 65 700
DERTOPHENE H 150 118 65 700
POLYTERPENE RESINS
DERCOLYTE LTG 20 -20 550
DERCO1000
DERCOLYTE S 115 115 70 2300
DERCOLYTE M 115 115 70 1300
DERCOLYTE L 120 122 72 1100
DERCOLYTE TS 105 105
Dertophene T 105
CAS 25359-84-6
DERTOPEN 105 resins
terpenes 105
DERTOPEN T105
DERTOPEN T 105
DERTOPENDEROPENE T 105
FENOL
TERPEN
TERPENE 105
TERPENS
TERPENE 105
DERTOPEN TERPEN 105
TERPEN DERTOPEN 10dertopene t 105
Dertophene T 105
dertophene t
Dertophene T 105 terpen
dertophenes
dertophenes phenol
dertophepolymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]
hept-2-ene
DERTOPHENE T 95 45 700
Dertophene T 105 105 55 700
DERTOPH700
DERTOPHENE H 150 118 65 700
POLYTERPENE RESINS
DERCOLYTE LTG 20 -20 550
DERCOLYTE A 115 115 69 1000
DER70 2300
DERCOLYTE M 115 115 70 1300
DERCOLYTE L 120 122 72 1100
DERCOLYTE TS 105 105 55 1200
Terpenes Dertophene T 105
TERPENE PHENOLICS
DERTOPHENE T 95 45 700
Dertophene T 105 105 55 700
DERTOPHENE T 115 120 65 700
DERTOPHENE H 150 118 65 700
POLYTERPENE RESINS
DERCOLYTE LTG 20 -20 550
DERCOLYTE A 115 115 69 1000
DERCOLYTE S 115 115 70 2300
DERCOLYTE M 115 115 70 1300
DERCOLYTE L 120 122 72 1100
DERCOLYTE TS 105 105 55 1200
ROSIN DERIVATIVES
DERTOLINE PLS 96 53 850
HYDROGRAL G 85 42 700
25359-84-6
Phenol, polymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo(3.1.1)hept-2-ene
Phenol, polymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene
alpha-pinene phenol
DERTOPHENE 1510
DERTOPHENE H 150
DERTOPHENE T 105
DERTOPHENE T 110
DERTOPHENE T 115
DERTOPHENE T 135
SCHEMBL1332084
DTXSID20924471
Phenol--2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene (1/1)
123339-37-7
DESMODUR 44 M
aromatic polyisocyanate solution CAS NO:9081-90-7
DESMODUR BL 3175 SN
DESMODUR BL 3175 SN DESMODUR BL 4265 SN Technical Datasheet DESMODUR BL 4265 SN is a blocked, aliphatic polyisocyanate based on IPDI. Can be thinned to a solids content of 40 % with ketones, esters, ether esters, aromatic hydrocarbons and solvent naphtha® 100, 150 and 200. It has only limited thinnability with aliphatic hydrocarbons. Shelf life of DESMODUR BL 4265 SN is 6 months. Product Type Polyurethanes > PU-Prepolymers > Isocyanates > IPDI-based Chemical Composition Aliphatic polyisocyanate based on IPDI Physical Form Liquid Desmodur BL 3175 SN In combination with Desmophen grades to formulate lightfast, one-component polyurethane stoving coatings; as an additive in conventional stoving systems to improve flexibility and adhesion. Form supplied approx. 75 % in solvent naphtha®100 Specification Property Value Unit of measurement Method Non-volatile content (0.2 g / 60 min / 80 °C) 75 ± 2 % M020-ISO 3251 Viscosity at 23 °C 3,300 ± 400 mPa·s M014-ISO 3219/A.3 Color value (Hazen) ≤ 60 M017-EN 1557 Free NCO content, modified ≤ 0.2 % M105-ISO 11909 Other data* Property Value Unit of measurement Method Blocked NCO content approx. 11.1 % Viscosity at 25 °C approx. 2,800 mPa·s M014-ISO 3219/A.3 Equivalent weight approx. 380 Flash point approx. 45 °C DIN 53 213/1 Density at 20 °C approx. 1.06 g/ml DIN EN ISO 2811 Solubility / thinnability Generally speaking, Desmodur BL 3175 SN has good compatibility with the solvents listed. However, the solutions formed must be tested for their storage stability. Desmodur BL 3175 SN can be thinned to a solids content of 40 % by wt. with ketones, esters, ether esters and aromatics. It can be thinned to a solids content of 60 % by wt. with mixtures of higher boiling aromatics such as solvent naphtha® 100 and 150. Aliphatic hydrocarbons cannot be used. Compatibility Given equivalent crosslinking (NCO/OH = 1.0), Desmodur BL 3175 SN is generally compatible with Desmophen 651, 670, 680, 690, RD 181, A 160, various polyacrylates and with Desmophen®T 1665. It can also be combined with various plasticisers, e.g. phosphoric acid, sulphonic acid, adipic acid and phthalic acid esters. The combinations should always be tested for their compatibility. Properties / Applications Desmodur BL 3175 SN can be used as the hardener in colorfast and weather-stable, one-component polyurethane coatings. The stoving temperature can be significantly reduced by the addition of a catalyst, e.g. dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL), without reducing the storage stability.The product is used in high-grade industrial finishes (electrical appliances, small components, can coatings, coil coatings, etc.) and in primer surfacers and topcoats for automative finishing. Desmodur BL 3175 SN can also be used as an additive in conventional stoving systems to improve the flexibility and adhesion. Possible stoving cycles for Desmodur BL 3175 SN combined with Desmophen 651 are: without catalyst 160 °C 60 min or180 °C 15 min or200 °C 7 min with catalyst 130 °C 60 min or150 °C 15 min or175 °C 7 min Depending on the co-reactant used and the stoving time, yellowing may occur at temperatures above 160 °C. Used in coil coating systems, Desmodur BL 3175 SN crosslinks sufficiently without the addition of DBTL from a peak metal temperature of approx. 241 °C and above. With an addition of 1 % DBTL, calculated on solid resin, the same result is achieved from approx. 224 °C peak metal temperature. Storage - Storage in original sealed container. - Recommended storage temperature: 0 - 30 °C. - Protect from moisture, heat and foreign material. General information: Storage at higher temperatures will result in increase of color and viscosity. Storage at significant lower temperatures will result in solidification. This solidification is reversible by briefly heating the product without adversely affecting the quality of the product. Blocked aliphatic HDI-polyisocyanate. With Desmophen grades to formulate lightfast one-component polyurethane stoving coatings; as an additive to improve flexibility and adhesion. Product Types PIC Crosslinkers Hardeners Aliphatic polyisocyanate Isocyanate Polyisocyanurate Polyisocyanate Material Coatings Elastic, Thermally resistant, Solventborne, Flexible General Characterization Blocked, aliphatic polyisocyanate based on HDI. In combination with Desmophen® grades to formulate lightfast, one-component polyurethane stoving coatings; as an additive in conventional stoving systems to improve flexibility and adhesion. Color value (Hazen) M017-EN 1557 ≤ 60 Non-volatile content (0.2 g / 60 min / 80 °C) M020-ISO 3251 % 75 ± 2 Free NCO content, modified M105-ISO 11909 % ≤ 0.2 Viscosity at 23 °C M014-ISO 3219/A.3 mPa*s 3,300 ± 400 Aliphatic polyisocyanate based on HDI. Used in combination with Desmophen grades to formulate lightfast, one-component polyurethane stoving coatings. Also suitable for use as a hardener to formulate lightfast one-pack stoving polyurethane coatings to improve flexibility and adhesion. Designed for high grade industrial finishes including electrical appliances, small components, can coatings and coil coatings, primer surfacers and top coats for automotive finishing. Isocyanate is the functional group with the formula R−N=C=O. Organic compounds that contain an isocyanate group are referred to as isocyanates. An organic compound with two isocyanate groups is known as a diisocyanate. Diisocyanates are manufactured for the production of polyurethanes, a class of polymers.[1] Isocyanates should not be confused with cyanate esters and isocyanides, very different families of compounds. The cyanate (cyanate ester) functional group (R−O−C≡N) is arranged differently from the isocyanate group (R−N=C=O). Isocyanides have the connectivity R−N≡C, lacking the oxygen of the cyanate groups. Production Isocyanates are produced from amines by phosgenation, i.e. treating with phosgene: RNH2 + COCl2 → RNCO + 2 HCl These reactions proceed via the intermediacy of a carbamoyl chloride (RNHC(O)Cl). Owing to the hazardous nature of phosgene, the production of isocyanates requires special precautions Common applications MDI is commonly used in the manufacture of rigid foams and surface coating.[1] Polyurethane foam boards are used in construction for insulation. TDI is commonly used in applications where flexible foams are used, such as furniture and bedding. Both MDI and TDI are used in the making of adhesives and sealants due to weather-resistant properties. Isocyanates, both MDI and TDI are widely used in as spraying applications of insulation due to the speed and flexibility of applications. Foams can be sprayed into structures and harden in place or retain some flexibility as required by the application.[10] HDI is commonly utilized in high-performance surface-coating applications, including automotive paints.
DESMODUR L 75
DESMODUR L 75 Desmodur L 75 Desmodur L 75 is an Aromatic polyisocyanate based on tolulene diisocyanate. Desmodur L 75 Product Datasheet Characterization Desmodur L 75 is an aromatic polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate (TDI). It can be used in combination with various Desmophen®, Baycoll®, Desmocoll® grades or other hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate two-component polyurethane coatings and adhesives. Form supplied: Form supplied is approximately 75% in ethyl acetate. Characteristic data Property Value/ Unit of measurement NCO content 13.3 ± 0.4 % Non-volatile content 75.0 ± 2.0 % Viscosity (23oC) 1,600 ± 400 mPa∙s Iodine color value ≤ 2 Monomer content < 0.5 % Property Value /Unit of measurement Equivalent weight approx. 315 Flash point approx. 5 °C Density at 20oC approx. 1.17 g/ml Desmodur L 75 Solubility / thinnability In general, Desmodur L 75 has good compatibility with esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and 1 methoxypropylacetate-2 and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, Solvesso™ 100 and ShellSol™ A. However, the solutions formed must be tested for their storage stability. The product is not compatible with aliphatics. Alcohols react with Desmodur L 75 and therefore cannot be used. Prolonged storage of a solution with low binder content may result in turbidity and sedimentation. Only PU grade solvents should be used (< 0.05% water). The solvent should not contain reactive groups. Compatibility In general, Desmodur L 75 is compatible with many polyesters, polyethers and polyacrylates, as well as with other Desmodur grades. Properties / Applications Systems crosslinked with Desmodur L 75 can be used as coatings for furniture, parquet flooring, metal, paper, plastics and mineral substrates. Desmodur L 75 is also suitable for room-temperature crosslinking of adhesives based on Desmocoll or Baycoll. These can be used to bond many materials, e.g. wood, metal and plastic. The use of this polyisocyanate increases the resistance of the bonds to heat, oil, plasticisers and many solvents. It ensures good adhesion to many materials, especially plastics. The pale inherent color of Desmodur L 75 permits its use in bonding transparent plastic films for packaging. As with any product, use of Desmodur L 75 in a given application must be tested (including but not limited to field testing) in advance by the user to determine suitability. Handling information This product contains reactive TDI polyisocyanate/prepolymer and/or monomeric TDI and should only be handled using appropriate protective measures. Desmodur L 75 Desmodur L 75 is an aromatic polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate. Form supplied is approximately 75% in ethyl acetate. Can be used in combination with various Desmophen®, Baycoll®, Desmocoll® grades or other hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate air-drying two-component polyurethane coatings and adhesives. Systems crosslinked with Desmodur L 75 can be used as coatings for furniture, parquet flooring, metal, paper, plastics and mineral substrates. It is also suitable for room-temperature crosslinking of adhesives based on Desmocoll® or Baycoll®. These can be used to bond many materials,e.g. wood, metal and plastic Desmodur L 75 Desmodur L 75 is an aromatic polyisocyanate resin based on toluene diisocyanate in ethyl acetate. Used in combination with hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate two-component polyurethane coatings for furniture, parquet flooring, metal, paper, plastics and mineral substrates. Increases resistance of bonds to heat, oil, plasticizers and many solvents. Possesses good compatibility with esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and 1-methoxypropylacetate-2 and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, Solvesso 100 and Shellsol® A. Desmodur® L 75 provides good adhesion to many materials, especially plastics. Product Type Polyurethanes (PU) > Isocyanates > TDI, Toluene Diisocyanates Chemical Composition Aromatic polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate Physical Form Liquid DESMODUR L 75 is an aromatic polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate (TDI). It can be used in combination with various Desmophen®, Baycoll®, Desmocoll® grades or other hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate two-component polyurethane adhesives for wood, metal and plastic. Offers increased resistance of bonds to heat, oil, plasticizers and many solvents and good adhesion to many materials, especially plastics. various Desmophen®, Baycoll®, Desmocoll® grades or other hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate two-component polyurethane coatings and adhesives. DESMODUR L 75 is compatible with many polyesters, polyethers and polyacrylates, as well as with other Desmodur grades. Material Notes: Aromatic polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate. In combination with various Desmophen®, Baycoll®, Desmocoll® grades or other hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate two-component polyurethane coatings and adhesives. Properties / Applications: Systems crosslinked with Desmodur L 75 can be used as coatings for furniture, parquet flooring, metal, paper, plastics and mineral substrates. Desmodur L 75 is also suitable for room-temperature crosslinking of adhesives based on Desmocoll® or Baycoll®. These can be used to bond many materials, e.g. wood, metal and plastic. The use of this polyisocyanate increases the resistance of the bonds to heat, oil, plasticisers and many solvents. It ensures good adhesion to many materials, especially plastics. The pale inherent color of Desmodur L 75 permits its use in bonding transparent plastic films for packaging.
DESMOPHEN 2061 BD
DESMOPHEN 2061 BD Desmophen 2061 BD Linear polypropylene ether polyol. Desmophen 2061 BD is a polyether polyol that is suitable for combination with Desmodur in the formulation of solvent-free or low-solvent polyurethanes About Product Types Polyether polyol Material Adhesives Solvent-free General Characterization Linear polypropylene ether polyol. Desmophen® 2061 BD is a polyether polyol that is suitable for combination with Desmodur® in the formulation of low-solvent polyurethanes. Technical Properties & Datasheets Property Name Test Method Unit Value Viscosity at 25 °C PET-10-01 mPa*s 345 ± 20 Acid number PET-01-01 mg KOH/g ≤ 0.02 Hydroxyl number PET-11-01 mg KOH/g 56.1 ± 1.4 Water content PET-19-01 % by wt. ≤ 0.05 Property Name Test Method Unit Value OH equivalent weight DIN EN ISO 2719 g approx. 1,000 Density at 25 °C DIN 51 757 g/cm3 approx. 1.0 Hydroxyl content % by wt. 1.7 ± 0.05 Desmophen 2061 BD Characterization: Linear polypropylene ether polyol. Desmophen 2061 BD is a polyether polyol that is suitable for combination with Desmodur® in the formulation of low-solvent polyurethanes. Form supplied Pale, low-viscosity liquid Properties / Applications Desmophen® 2061 BD is suitable for combination with many Desmodur® products in the formulation of low-solvent elastic coatings and adhesives. Desmophen 2061 BD can be thinned with solvents such as esters, ketones and aromatics. Only PU grade solvents should be used (< 0.05 % by wt. water). Storage - Storage in original sealed container. - Recommended storage temperature: 20 - 40 °C. - Protect from moisture, heat and foreign material. General information: The product is sensitive to moisture and should therefore be stored in its sealed original containers Linear polypropylene ether polyol. Used in the formulation of solvent-free elastic coatings. Exhibits solubility with solvents such as esters, ketones and aromatics. Product Type Polyols > Polyether Polyols Chemical Composition Linear polypropylene ether polyol Physical Form Liquid DESMOPHEN 2061 BD is a low-viscosity, linear polypropylene ether polyol. Suitable for combination with many Desmodur® products in the formulation of solvent-free PU adhesives. It can be thinned with solvents such as esters, ketones and aromatics. Shelf life of DESMOPHEN® 2061 BD is 12 months. Product Type Polyols > Polyether Polyols Chemical Composition Linear polypropylene ether polyol Physical Form Liquid Linear polypropylene ether polyol. Used in the formulation of solvent-free elastic coatings. Handling solubility with solvents such as esters, ketones and aromatics Technical data Quantity Value Unit Comment Appearance Properties Physical state Fluid Physical Properties Water content 0.05 % Viscosity 325 - 365 cP 25°C Density 1.0 g/ml 25°C Chemical Properties OH equivalent weight 1000 g Hydroxyl number 54.7 - 57.5 mg KOH/g Acidity number 0.02 mg KOH/g Hydroxyl percentage 1.65 - 1.75 % DESMOPHEN 2060 BD A linear polypropylene ether polyol that is suitable for combination with Desmodur in the formulation of solvent-free or low-solvent polyurethanes. Adhesives Coatings Foams Desmophen®: Versatile polyols for wide array of PU coatings, adhesives and foams The family of Desmophen® products contains polyether polyols and polyester polyols as polyurethane building blocks for foams, coatings, adhesives and many other applications. These variable building blocks make it possible to create an endless array of polyurethanes with wide-ranging properties. Desmophen® products are a versatile family of polyether polyols, which includes diols, triols and polymer polyols with molecular weights that vary from less than 300 to as much as 6,000 g/mol. They are used as polyol components for polyurethane and polyurea formulations. When reacted with Desmodur® products from , polyurethane products for many different applications may be obtained, such as flexible polyurethane foam, rigid polyurethane foam, compact polyurethane products, coatings and adhesives. Polyurethanes based on Desmophen® polyols, particularly when reacted with Desmodur® crosslinkers, are also fast-drying, durable and elastic, with an excellent resistance to chemicals, weathering and UV radiation. Get in touch with us to develop a unique formulation for your specific needs. Key Benefits Versatile: Suitable for nearly every PU application. High quality: Consistent quality, with high purity and low volatile content. Durable: Excellent resistance to chemicals, weathering and UV radiation.
DETA
DETA; N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-Ethanediamine; DTA; 2,2'-Diaminodiethylamine; Aminoethylethanediamine; 1,4,7-Triazaheptane; Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine; N-(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine; 3-Azapentane-1,5-diamine; Bis(beta-aminoethyl)amine; 2,2'-Iminobis(ethanamine); 2,2'-Iminobisethylamine; CAS NO: 111-40-0
DEUREX A 27 P

Deurex A 27 P is an oleamide wax that acts as a rub/scratch resistance agent, antiblocking and processing agent, slip and wetting agent.
Deurex A 27 P is specifically designed for use in solvent-based flexoprinting inks, gravure and digital printing inks, and indirect food contact applications.
Deurex A 27 P is a type of fatty acid amide that is commonly used as a slip agent and processing aid in various industries, including printing, plastics, and food packaging.

CAS Number: 301-02-0
EC Number: 206-103-9



APPLICATIONS


Deurex A 27 P is used as a rub/scratch resistance agent in solvent-based flexoprinting inks.
Deurex A 27 P is a processing aid in gravure and digital printing inks, improving their flow properties and consistency.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip and wetting agent that enhances the adhesion and color strength of printing inks.

In packaging films, Deurex A 27 P acts as an antiblocking agent that prevents the adhesion of surfaces.
Deurex A 27 P also improves the flow properties and printability of packaging materials.

Deurex A 27 P is a processing aid and slip agent in PVC, polyethylene, and polypropylene plastics.
Deurex A 27 P reduces friction and enhances the surface characteristics of plastic products.

As a release agent in adhesive formulations, Deurex A 27 P improves the flow properties and reduces the coefficient of friction.
In textiles, Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent that reduces friction and enhances the surface characteristics of fabrics.

Deurex A 27 P is also a processing aid that improves the printability of textiles.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent and processing aid in various coating applications, including paints, varnishes, and lacquers.
Deurex A 27 P improves the flow properties, reduces friction, and enhances the surface characteristics of coatings.

In personal care products, Deurex A 27 P is a lubricant and emulsifier that improves the texture and spreadability of creams and lotions.
Deurex A 27 P is also used as a slip agent in agricultural films, reducing the coefficient of friction and improving handling.

In food packaging, Deurex A 27 P is an indirect food contact material that acts as a slip agent to prevent food adhesion.
Deurex A 27 P improves the surface characteristics of printing plates, making them easier to handle.
As a mold release agent, Deurex A 27 P improves the release properties of molded products, preventing sticking.

Deurex A 27 P is a lubricant that reduces friction and wear in wire drawing and metal forming.
In plastics processing, Deurex A 27 P reduces friction and wear, improving the efficiency and longevity of machinery.

Deurex A 27 P is used as a mold release agent and lubricant in the production of candles.
Deurex A 27 P improves the release properties and prevents sticking.

As a slip agent, Deurex A 27 P is used in adhesive tapes to improve handling and application.
Deurex A 27 P is a processing aid in hot melt adhesives, improving the melt flow and adhesion.

Deurex A 27 P is used as a slip agent in the production of synthetic leather, reducing friction and improving handling.
Deurex A 27 P is a lubricant in the production of synthetic fibers, improving the spinning and handling of the fibers.


Deurex A 27 P is a versatile oleamide wax that has a range of applications in various industries.
Its primary function is to act as a rub/scratch resistance agent, but it also serves as an antiblocking and processing agent, slip and wetting agent.
Here are some of its specific applications:

Printing Inks:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a slip agent, processing aid, and rub/scratch resistance agent in solvent-based flexoprinting inks, gravure and digital printing inks.
Deurex A 27 P improves the flow properties, adhesion, gloss, color strength, and consistency of printing inks.

Packaging:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a slip and antiblocking agent in packaging films to prevent the adhesion of surfaces and improve the flow properties.
Deurex A 27 P can also improve the printability and shelf life of packaging materials.

Plastics:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid and slip agent in various plastic applications, including PVC, polyethylene, and polypropylene.
Deurex A 27 P improves the surface characteristics and reduces friction, making the plastics easier to process.

Adhesives:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a release agent and processing aid in adhesive formulations.
Deurex A 27 P improves the flow properties and reduces the coefficient of friction, making the adhesives easier to handle and process.

Textiles:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a slip agent and processing aid in textile applications.
Deurex A 27 P reduces friction, improves the surface characteristics, and enhances the printability of textiles.

Coatings:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a slip agent and processing aid in various coating applications, including paints, varnishes, and lacquers.
Deurex A 27 P improves the flow properties, reduces friction, and enhances the surface characteristics of coatings.

Personal Care:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a lubricant and emulsifier in various personal care applications, including cosmetics, lotions, and creams.
Deurex A 27 P improves the texture, spreadability, and absorption of personal care products.

Overall, Deurex A 27 P is a versatile material that can enhance the performance and durability of various products in many industries.


In addition to the applications I listed earlier, Deurex A 27 P has a few other uses:

Food Packaging:
Deurex A 27 P is used in indirect food contact applications, such as food packaging.
Deurex A 27 P acts as a slip agent, improving the flow properties and preventing the adhesion of food to the packaging material.

Printing Plates:
Deurex A 27 P is used in the manufacturing of printing plates.
Deurex A 27 P improves the surface characteristics of the plate and makes it easier to handle during the printing process.

Agricultural Films:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a slip agent in agricultural films.
Deurex A 27 P reduces the coefficient of friction, making the films easier to handle and install.

Mold Release:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a mold release agent in the production of various molded products, such as rubber parts, plastic parts, and castings.
Deurex A 27 P improves the release properties and prevents sticking.

Lubricants:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a lubricant in various applications, such as wire drawing, metal forming, and plastics processing.
Deurex A 27 P reduces friction and wear, improving the efficiency and longevity of the machinery.

Candles:
Deurex A 27 P is used as a mold release agent and lubricant in the production of candles.
Deurex A 27 P improves the release properties and prevents sticking.

These are some additional applications of Deurex A 27 P. However, its primary applications are in the ink, packaging, plastics, and adhesive industries.


Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid in the production of thermoplastic elastomers, improving the flow properties and consistency of the material.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of adhesive films, improving their handling and application.

Deurex A 27 P is used as a release agent in the production of rubber parts, preventing sticking and improving the release properties.
In the production of foam materials, Deurex A 27 P is a processing aid that improves the flow properties and consistency of the material.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of synthetic fibers, reducing friction and improving handling.

Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid in the production of masterbatches, improving the dispersion of additives in the polymer matrix.
Deurex A 27 P is used as a lubricant in the production of wire and cable coatings, reducing friction and wear.

Deurex A 27 P is a processing aid and lubricant in the production of rubber compounds, improving the flow properties and reducing sticking.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of release liners, improving the handling and release properties of the liner.

Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid in the production of thermoplastic compounds, improving the flow properties and consistency of the material.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of film laminates, improving their handling and reducing sticking.
Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid and slip agent in the production of injection molded parts, improving the flow properties and reducing sticking.

Deurex A 27 P is a release agent in the production of silicone rubber products, preventing sticking and improving the release properties.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of release coatings, improving the handling and release properties of the coating.

Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid in the production of thermosetting resins, improving the flow properties and consistency of the material.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of plastic films, improving their handling and reducing sticking.

Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid and lubricant in the production of PVC plastisols, improving the flow properties and reducing sticking.
Deurex A 27 P is a release agent in the production of polyurethane foam products, preventing sticking and improving the release properties.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of sheet extrusion products, improving their handling and reducing sticking.

Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid in the production of thermoplastic foam materials, improving the flow properties and consistency of the material.
Deurex A 27 P is a release agent in the production of epoxy resin products, preventing sticking and improving the release properties.

Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of nonwoven fabrics, improving their handling and reducing sticking.
Deurex A 27 P is used as a processing aid in the production of adhesives and sealants, improving the flow properties and consistency of the material.

Deurex A 27 P is a lubricant in the production of metalworking fluids, reducing friction and wear.
Deurex A 27 P is a slip agent in the production of paper coatings, improving their handling and reducing sticking.



DESCRIPTION


Deurex A 27 P is an oleamide wax that acts as a rub/scratch resistance agent, antiblocking and processing agent, slip and wetting agent.
Deurex A 27 P is specifically designed for use in solvent-based flexoprinting inks, gravure and digital printing inks, and indirect food contact applications.

Deurex A 27 P is a type of fatty acid amide that is commonly used as a slip agent and processing aid in various industries, including printing, plastics, and food packaging.
Deurex A 27 P is a non-toxic and non-corrosive substance that can improve the flow properties and surface characteristics of materials, as well as reduce friction and prevent scratching or sticking.

Deurex A 27 P is likely to provide these benefits to the printing inks it is used in, while also meeting regulatory requirements for indirect food contact applications.

Deurex A 27 P is a versatile oleamide wax that offers multiple benefits in various industries.
Deurex A 27 P is a non-toxic and non-corrosive substance that is safe for use in indirect food contact applications.
The primary function of Deurex A 27 P is to act as a rub/scratch resistance agent.

Deurex A 27 P also serves as an antiblocking agent, which prevents the adhesion of surfaces.
Deurex A 27 P is an excellent processing aid that enhances the flow properties of materials.

Its slip and wetting properties reduce friction and improve the surface characteristics of materials.
Deurex A 27 P is particularly suitable for use in solvent-based flexoprinting inks, gravure and digital printing inks.

Deurex A 27 P can improve the adhesion and gloss of printing inks, making them more attractive and durable.
Deurex A 27 P can also enhance the color strength and consistency of printing inks.

Deurex A 27 P can be used in various printing processes, including flexographic, gravure, and digital printing.
Deurex A 27 Pt is a white, odorless, and tasteless powder that is easy to handle and store.
Deurex A 27 P has excellent thermal stability, making it suitable for use in high-temperature applications.

Deurex A 27 P is also resistant to chemicals and weathering, which makes it a durable and reliable material.
Deurex A 27 P can be used as a release agent in various industries, including rubber, plastics, and adhesives.

Its excellent slip properties make it an ideal lubricant for various applications.
Deurex A 27 P is a sustainable and eco-friendly material that can replace traditional petrochemical-based additives.

Deurex A 27 P is biodegradable and can be safely disposed of without harming the environment.
Deurex A 27 P is compatible with various types of resins and polymers, making it a versatile material.
Its compatibility with various substrates makes it suitable for use in diverse applications, including packaging, textiles, and coatings.

Deurex A 27 P can reduce the coefficient of friction of materials, making them easier to handle and process.
Its low melting point and viscosity make it easy to incorporate into various formulations.

Deurex A 27 P can improve the printability of materials, making them more attractive and informative.
Deurex A 27 P can also enhance the shelf life of printed materials by preventing scratching and fading.

Deurex A 27 P is a high-quality material that is manufactured using advanced production techniques.
Its consistent quality and performance make it a preferred choice for many industrial applications.



PROPERTIES


Chemical name: Deurex A 27 P
CAS number: 301-02-0
EC number: 206-104-4
Appearance: White to yellowish solid
Odor: Characteristic
Melting point: 70-74°C
Flash point: >200°C (closed cup)
Density: 0.95-0.98 g/cm³
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents
Viscosity: 100-500 mPas (at 140°C)
Acid value: < 0.5 mg KOH/g
Saponification value: 150-180 mg KOH/g
Iodine value: < 1.0 g I₂/100 g
Slip properties: Good slip performance, low COF (Coefficient of Friction)
Processing aid properties: Good processing aid performance, improves flow and consistency of materials
Antiblocking properties: Good antiblocking performance, reduces adhesion between surfaces
Wetting properties: Good wetting performance, improves surface wetting and spreading
Food contact compliance: Compliant with EU and FDA food contact regulations
Toxicity: Low toxicity, safe for use in consumer products
Environmental impact: Low environmental impact, biodegradable, and sustainable
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions, with a shelf life of at least two years



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is experiencing difficulty in breathing, call a physician or seek medical attention immediately.
If breathing has stopped, provide artificial respiration.
If the affected person is unconscious, ensure that their airway is clear and provide oxygen if necessary.


Skin contact:

In case of contact with the skin, immediately remove any contaminated clothing and wash the affected skin with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If skin irritation or redness occurs, seek medical attention.
Do not use solvents or other chemicals to remove the wax from the skin, as this may exacerbate the irritation.


Eye contact:

In case of contact with the eyes, rinse them thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open.
If the person is wearing contact lenses, remove them if it is easy to do so.
Seek medical attention if eye irritation persists.


Ingestion:

In case of ingestion, do not induce vomiting.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and give the affected person a glass of water or milk to drink.
Seek immediate medical attention and bring the product container or label with you to the hospital or physician.

Note: Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious or convulsing person.


General advice:

In case of any doubt, seek medical attention immediately.
Never administer any medication or ointment without medical advice.
In case of fire, use water fog, foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide (CO2) to extinguish the fire
Avoid using water in straight streams as it may spread the fire.


These first aid measures are provided as general guidelines and may not be applicable in every situation.
It is important to handle Deurex A 27 P and any other chemical substance with care and always follow the safety instructions provided on the product label and in the safety data sheet.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Avoid inhalation, skin contact, and eye contact with the substance.
Wear suitable protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and a dust mask, when handling the substance.
Ensure that there is adequate ventilation in the working area to prevent the buildup of vapors.

Do not eat, drink or smoke in areas where the substance is being used.
Do not use compressed air for cleaning purposes, as this may spread the substance and create an explosion hazard.
Always follow good hygiene practices, such as washing your hands and face after handling the substance.


Storage:

Store the substance in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from sources of ignition and direct sunlight.
Keep the substance away from heat, sparks, and flames.

Store the substance in a sealed container, away from incompatible materials, such as oxidizing agents, acids, and bases.
Ensure that the storage area is equipped with appropriate fire-fighting equipment and spill containment measures.

Do not store the substance near food or feed.
Store the substance in compliance with local and national regulations.
Always keep the substance out of the reach of children and unauthorized persons.


Disposal:

Dispose of the substance in accordance with local and national regulations.
Do not dispose of the substance in the environment, as this may cause harm to plants, animals, and human health.
Do not dispose of the substance in municipal waste streams or sewage systems.
If in doubt, contact a licensed waste disposal contractor for advice on the safe disposal of the substance.



SYNONYMS


Oleic acid amide wax
Ethylene bisoleamide wax
Behenic acid amide wax
Erucic acid amide wax
Stearic acid amide wax
Myristic acid amide wax
Lauric acid amide wax
Palmitic acid amide wax
Polyethylene wax amide
Montan wax amide
Paraffin wax amide
Synthetic wax amide
Polyamide wax
Fatty acid amide wax
Alkyl amide wax
Ethoxylated amide wax
Hydrogenated amide wax
Primary amide wax
Secondary amide wax
Tertiary amide wax
Ester amide wax
Amine amide wax
Glycerol amide wax
Maleic anhydride amide wax
Polyolefin amide wax
N,N’-ethylenebisstearamide
Stearic acid diethanolamide
Erucic acid diethanolamide
Stearyl erucamide
Behenamide
Ethylene bis-behenamide
Stearic acid ethylene diamide
Ethylene bis-oleamide
Stearic acid diethylenetriamine amide
Oleamide ethoxylate
Myristic acid diethanolamide
Ethylene bis-lauramide
Polyethylene bisstearamide
Fatty amide
N,N’-diethylstearic acid amide
Oleic acid diethanolamide
Stearic acid ethanolamide
Lauramide DEA
N-(2-hydroxyethyl) oleamide
Polyolefin wax amide
N-(2-hydroxypropyl) palmitamide
N-(2-hydroxyethyl) behenamide
Glycol di-oleate
Ethoxylated stearic acid amide
Polyamide oligomer
DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL)
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a colorless kind of slightly yellow transparent viscous liquid with a slight specific odor.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) plays an important role in human intermediary metabolism.


CAS Number: 81-13-0
EC Number: 201-327-3
MDL number: MFCD00065006
Chemical name: (D) - N - (2,4-dihydroxy)- β,β- Dimethylbutyryl)- β- Aminopropanol
Chemical formula: C9H19NO4



(R)-(+)-2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyramide, (R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyric 3-hydroxypropylamide, D-Pantothenyl alcohol, Dexpanthenol, Provitamin B, Bepanthen, Bepanthene, Bepantol, D-panthenol, D-panthenol 50, D-Pantothenol, D-Pantothenyl alcohol, Dexpantenol, Dexpanthenol, Dexpanthenolum, Pantol, Pantothenyl alcohol, Provitamin B, Dexpanthenol, Provitamin B5, Pantothenyl Alcohol, among others, Butanamide,2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-,(2R)-, Butyramide,2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-,D-(+)-, Butanamide,2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-,(R)-, (2R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide, Bepanthen, Bepanthene, Bepantol, Cozyme, Dexpanthenol, D(+)-2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyramide, D(+)-α,γ-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-β,β-dimethylbutyramide, Ilopan, D-P-A Injection, Motilyn, Panadon, Panthoderm, Pantol, d-Pantothenol, d-Pantothenyl alcohol, Thenalton, Zentinic, D-Panthenol, Panthenol, Pantothenol, Pantothenyl alcohol, Propanolamine,N-pantoyl-, Panthenol,(+)-, D(+)-Pantothenyl alcohol, D(+)-Panthenol, Synapan, Provitamin B, d-Panthenol, D-Pantothenyl alcohol, Provitamin B5, d-Panthenol 50, Urupan, Alcopan 250, Pantenyl, Intrapan, (+)-Panthenol, NSC 302962, Panthenol 50W, Cornergel, Dolobene, D-Panthenol 75L, Pantogel, (R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide, (2R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide, 1113-70-8, 17307-32-3, 50584-68-4



Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an active ingredient with exceptional moisturizing properties that help to repair and protect the skin's barrier.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)'s anti-inflammatory effects also make it an effective ingredient for soothing and calming irritated skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a versatile ingredient that has numerous benefits for the skin.


Since its first use in an ointment, various product types have been developed which are widely used in the field of dermatology and skin care, and are associated with high consumer satisfaction.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is the precursor of Vitamin B5.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a colorless kind of slightly yellow transparent viscous liquid with a slight specific odor.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) plays an important role in human intermediary metabolism.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) deficiency can cause many dermatological disorders.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is biologically active, however both forms have moisturizing properties.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a colourless viscous liquid, >98.0% (on dry basis, non-aqueous titration)
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an alcohol derivative of pantothenic acid, a component of the B complex vitamins and an essential component of a normally functioning epithelium.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is enzymatically cleaved to form pantothenic acid, which is an essential component of Coenzyme A, which acts as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions that are important for protein metabolism in the epithelium[A32373].
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an organic compound having the chemical formula C9H19NO4.


The molar mass of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is 205.25 g/mol.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) appears as a highly viscous, colorless liquid.
The density of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is 1.2 g/cm3.


The melting point of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can range from 66-69 degrees Celsius, and the boiling point ranges from 118 to 120 degrees Celsius.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an alcohol analog of pantothenic acid.
Therefore, we can name it a provitamin of B5.


In some organisms, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) quickly undergoes oxidation to form pantothenic acid.
Typically, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) molecules can readily penetrate into the skin and mucous membranes, which include intestinal mucosa as well.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) quickly oxidizes to pantothenic acid.


Pantothenic acid is extremely hygroscopic.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is also useful in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, which tends to play a role in a wide range of reactions involving enzymes in cell growth.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an organic compound having the chemical formula C9H19NO4.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is useful as a medication, as a moisturizer to treat or prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin and minor skin irritations, etc.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an alcoholic analogue of D-pantothenic acid useful as a supplement or application in supporting a healthy epithelium.


Moreover, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is important in preventing vitamin deficiency in patients receiving total parental nutrition.
The molar mass of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is 205.25 g/mol.


The hydrogen bond donor count of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)d is 4, while the hydrogen bond acceptor count is 4 as well.
Furthermore, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has 6 rotatable bonds and one stereocenter.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) exists in a solid state at standard temperature and pressure, at which it appears as a hygroscopic oil or as a viscous liquid in its liquid form.


Moreover, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has a slightly bitter taste.
At high temperatures, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can decompose, but the boiling point can be given as in the range of 118-120 degrees Celsius.
The melting point of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is lower than 25 degrees Celsius.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can freely dissolve in methanol, water, and alcohol, and is slightly soluble in ethyl ether.
The density of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is 1.2 g/cm3 at 20 degrees Celsius.
In addition, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is reasonably stable than the salts of pantothenic acid at pH 3-5.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an organic compound having the chemical formula C9H19NO4, while Dexpanthenol is the D enantiomer of panthenol.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is derived from Vitamin B5, a chiral molecule that helps control negative consequences due to oxidative stress such as redness, fine lines and skin roughness.


Its molecular structure allows Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) to absorb moisture from the atmosphere and bind it to water molecules.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) supports tissue healing and is recommended for the treatment of dry and sensitive skin and hair loss.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is derived from Vitamin B5, a chiral molecule that helps manage the negative results that oxidative stress has on the skin, such as redness, fine lines, and skin roughness.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)'s molecular structure allows to attract moisture from the atmosphere and bind to water molecules.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an alcohol derivative of pantothenic acid, a component of the B complex vitamins and an essential component of a normally functioning epithelium.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is enzymatically cleaved to form pantothenic acid, which is an essential component of Coenzyme A, which acts as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions that are important for protein metabolism in the epithelium.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is the biologically-active alcohol of pantothenic acid, which leads to an elevation in the amount of coenzyme A in the cell.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) exhibits nephroprotective effect in AKI, promotes tissue repair and regeneration.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is transformed to pantothenic acid, which is an essential component of Coenzyme A.
*Coenzyme A is one of the cofactors to promote protein metabolism in the epithelium (upper skin.)


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is converted by our body to pantothenic acid (vitamin B5).
Panthothenic acid plays an essential role in the metabolism of our skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) increases the moisture of the skin and thus its elasticity, stimulates wound healing and relieves itching and inflammation.


A valuable resource in both cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is the alcohol analogue and key biological precursor of D-pantothenic acid.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) features a white to slightly yellow, crystalline powder appearance and purity above 98.0%.


With its superior moisturizing properties, skin and hair enhancement features, and its protective and soothing properties, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) remains a vital ingredient in numerous beauty and healthcare products.
Embrace the full potential of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) in your formulations to observe its remarkable benefits.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is also called original vitamin B5.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is colorless viscous liquid or colorless transparent liquid, slightly with special odor.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is easily soluble in water, ethanol, methanol and propylene glycol.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is alcohol form of dextrotatory isomer of pantothenic acid.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is the stable biologically active form of pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can be supplied as a racemic mixture of both dextrorotary form (dexpanthanol) and the levorotatory form (levopanthenol) meaning that the molecule comes in 2 forms that are mirror images of each other.


Only the Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is biologically active so it is important to look for skincare products calling out D-Panthenol or Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) otherwise the panthenol in the product is likely a racemic mixture with half being the non-biologically active form levopanthenol.
In skincare, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is recognized for its ability to attract and hold moisture as well as soothe the skin.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a B-vitamin-precursor, the so-called provitamin B5.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) itself has no cosmetic relevance.
However, as soon as it is absorbed by the skin or the body, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can be converted into pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), which is involved in many metabolic functions.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) stimulates lipid synthesis and supports the formation of new skin cells, which also promotes skin regeneration.
By the way, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a naturally occuring ingredient that is also found in many foods, such as whole grain products, eggs, rice, nuts and milk.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a very well researched and established active ingredient that can be found in hair products and various sprays, ointments (for burns and scars) or creams for dry skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) supports tissue healing and is recommended for the treatment of dry and sensitive skin and hair loss.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is applied to almost all types of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)is widely used in skincare products to moisturize, soothe, and protect dry, dehydrated, and irritated skins.
As a provitamin B5, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is widely used in pharmaceutical, food, feed, cosmetic industries.


As with Vitamin B5, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has the same metabolic processes as Vitamin B5.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used dietary supplement used in the food industry, promote body metabolism of protein, fat, carbohydrates, skin and mucosa, improve hair shine, improve immunity, disease; prevent incident.


Cosmetic industry uses of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol): Nursing effect and moisturizing performance on the skin with deep penetration agent, promote the growth of epithelial cells, promote wound healing, anti-inflammatory effect; With long-term moisturizing function of nursing effect, prevent hair from splitting, increase hair density, improve hair shine;


In the healthcare sector: Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is for used as moisturizing agents and moisturizing ointments, eye drops and other cleaning solutions, etc.
Because of the ability to attract and hold moisture Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used in skincare products as a humectant.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) also has a role as provitamin (called pro-vitamin B5) and is used as a vitamin supplement in complex and alone, and as a cholinergic drug.
Due to its good penetration and high local concentrations, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used in many topical products, such as ointments and lotions for treatment of dermatological conditions to relieve itching or promote healing.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an alcoholic analogue of D-pantothenic acid and cholinergic agent.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) acts as a precursor of coenzyme A necessary for acetylation reactions and is involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) acts on the gastrointestinal tract and increases lower intestinal motility.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is also applied topically to the skin to relieve itching and to promote healing.
When considering the use of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) in the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetic production, and other personal care products, it is important as a moisturizer and humectant.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used in ointments, lotions, shampoos, nasal sprays, eye drops, lozenges, and cleaning solutions for contact lenses.
We can use ointments having Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is treat sunburns, mild burns, minor skin injuries, and disorders.
Moreover, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can improve hydration, reduce itching and inflammation of the skin, improve skin elasticity, and accelerate the epidermal wound’s rate of healing.


When using Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) as a component in shampoos, it can bind to the hair shaft readily.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can coat the hair and seal the surface of the hair to give it a shiny appearance.
The major uses of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) are in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products as a moisturizer and to improve wound healing.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) shows a considerably good penetration ability and a high local concentration, which makes it useful in many topical products, including ointments and lotions.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used to treat dermatological conditions to relieve itching or promote healing.


Due to its good penetration and high local concentrations, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used in many topical products, such as ointments and lotions for treatment of dermatological conditions to relieve itching or promote healing.
Dermatological effects of the topical use of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) include increased fibroblast proliferation and accelerated re-epithelialization in wound healing.


Furthermore, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) acts as a topical protectant, moisturizer, and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties 3.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an alcoholic analogue of D-pantothenic acid that is used as a supplement or application to support a healthy epithelium and is also used to prevent vitamin deficiency in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN).


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is also available as a racemic mixture containing both the dextrorotatory form (dexpanthenol) and the levorotatory form (levopanthenol) as Panthenol.
While pantothenic acid is optically active, only the dextrorotatory form (Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)) is biologically active.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is necessary for the preservation of the healthy complexion, beautiful hair and nails.
The lack of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has highly negative effects on the skin: the reduction of its elasticity, faster ageing process and progression of wrinkles; on the hair – the deterioration of its quality, loss of its shine and higher fragility.


For the said reasons, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is utilized in dermatology and in cosmetic applications.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) concentration is also of high importance in dermatological and therapeutical products.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has been clearly proved that the products containing over 1 % of panthenol have positive effects.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has become popular after many anti-dandruff and anti-thinning shampoos use it as one of the key ingredients.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used powerful Moisturizing effect on skin and hair.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used widely in cosmetics, especially for hair shampoo.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) prevents Dehydration.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) which is known to be biologically active plays an important role in enhancing the beauty of your hair and skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)'s hydrating, nourishing, protecting, repairing and healing properties play a vital role in many skincare, hair care and personal care products.


You might see Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) in almost all the cosmetic products that you use in your daily routine.
Not only in cosmetics, but you will also find the name of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) cropping up in pharmaceutical products. -
Generally, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is considered to be mild on your skin and safe for topical use.


You can always do a patch test, before using Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) for the first time.
Allergic reaction on skin is generally rare, but in some cases, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is known to cause contact dermatitis.
Noted for its exceptional formulation potential, particularly in creams, lotions, serums, and hair care products, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) offers numerous benefits to a broad range of applications.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an exceptionally beneficial and versatile compound designed for diverse applications predominantly in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is widely used in medicine, food, cosmetics and liquid preparations.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) enters the human body and can be converted into pantothenic acid to synthesize coenzyme A, promote the metabolism of human protein, fat and sugar, protect skin and mucous membrane, improve hair luster and prevent disease.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can prevent wrinkles, inflammation, sunshine and erosion, prevent hair loss, promote hair growth, keep hair moist, reduce hair bifurcations, prevent crispness and breakage, and protect, repair and care hair.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used in skin care and hair care products.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) posesses penetrating, water-binding, protecting, anti-stress, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) offers characteristics such as strengthening of hair-roots and hair-shafts and pigment stimulation.


Also known as provitamin B5, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is the most active isomeric form utilized for its moisturizing and soothing properties.
Particularly effective in hydrating the skin and enhancing Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)'s texture and elasticity.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has become a promising skincare ingredient for those seeking to achieve softer, smoother, and healthier-looking skin.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)'s often used in a variety of skincare products, from creams and lotions to serums and masks.
In conclusion, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a versatile ingredient that can be used to help moisturize and repair the skin.
Its properties make Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and reactive skin, and it has been shown to effectively reduce dryness and dehydration, making the skin more flexible and resilient.


Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a valuable addition to any skincare routine.
The name Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is mainly used in a medical context.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an alcoholic analogue of D-pantothenic acid and cholinergic agent.


- In hair care Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a small enough molecule to penetrate the hair and moisturize it, helping increase elasticity/reduce breakage.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) makes hair softer and shinier, and reduces static.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an versatile skin and hair care ingredient with a proven track record of awesomeness.



COMPREHENSIVE APPLICATIONS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
*Cosmetics:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is an essential ingredient in creams, lotions, serums, moisturizers, shampoos, conditioners, hair masks, and styling products.
These products leverage the numerous hair and skin benefits provided by Dexpanthenol (Panthenol).

*Pharmaceuticals:
Including Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) in pharmaceutical formulations, such as ointments and creams, aids in wound healing, soothes skin irritations, and prevents dryness.

*Sun Care:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is applied in sun care products to provide added protection against harmful UV radiation.

*Baby Care: Infused in baby lotions, diaper creams, and bath products, D-Panthenol offers gentle and hydrating properties for delicate baby skin.

*Oral Care:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is incorporated into toothpaste and mouthwash, where its soothing and healing effects benefit the gums and oral tissues.



WHAT DOES DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL) DO TO THE SKIN?
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) performs on the skin by attracting water to the upper topical layer of the skin and holding it there, helping to improve skin hydration and thereby improving the appearance.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) also has a soothing effect, which can help calm irritated skin.

Additionally, when used on a consistent basis, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can improve skin texture and elasticity.
While both forms of it can hydrate the skin, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) works by enhancing epidermal differentiation and facilitating wound healing which overall aids in reinforcing the skin barrier.



BENEFITS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
The benefits of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) in skin care include:
*Hydration:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) helps attract and hold moisture, keeping skin thoroughly hydrated.

*Soothing:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can provide soothing relief to skin irritation.

*Reinforce Skin Barrier:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can help improve the skin's barrier function, enhancing its resilience.

*Plumping:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is with proper hydration levels, skin appears plump and healthy-looking.



HOW DOES DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL) WORK?
By incorporating Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) into a skin care formula, the intent is to help improve hydration and support the skin barrier.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has been shown to attract atmospheric water to the upper layer of the skin and hold it there, helping to improve the overall look of skin.

Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)'s ability to improve skin texture and elasticity results in softer & smoother feeling skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) helps to calm irritated skin and has been shown to help reduce atopic dermatitis flare ups and frequency.
Since Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) enhances wound healing it is also ideal for post-procedural treatments.



CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
D-Panthenol, an alcohol derivative, consists of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), and Oxygen (O).



DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL) IS ESSENTIAL COMPOUND FOR COSMETICS AND PHARMACEUTICALS:
Essential Compound for Cosmetics & Pharmaceuticals
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a versatile and highly beneficial compound renowned for its numerous applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
As the alcohol analogue and biological precursor of D-pantothenic acid, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) offers a wide range of benefits and plays a crucial role in enhancing the condition of the skin and hair.



CORE FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
*Excellent Moisturizer:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) provides deep hydration to the skin and hair, reducing dryness and improving overall condition.

*Skin Enhancer:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) boosts skin elasticity and smoothness, contributing to a youthful appearance.

*Cell Regenerator:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) promotes skin cell regeneration, aiding in wound healing and scar prevention.

*Humectant:
As a humectant, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) attracts and retains moisture, providing prolonged hydration to the skin and hair.

*Hair Strengthener:
By reinforcing hair strength and flexibility, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) helps prevent hair breakage, split ends, and improves the overall condition of the hair.

*Protective Barrier:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) acts as a protective barrier, shielding the skin and hair from environmental pollutants and damaging UV radiation.

*Skin Soother:
With its soothing properties, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) effectively alleviates skin irritation, reducing redness and inflammation.



FEATURES OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) maintains a healthy skin: right balance between the stem cell renewal and the cell differentiation (p63 upregulated)
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) increases stratum corneum hydration by inducing long-lasting skin moisturization
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) reinforces the skin barrier by reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL)
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) forms show very good compatibility with all groups of cosmetics ingredients



BENEFITS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
*Regenerates healthy skin maintaining cell stemness
*Improvement symptoms of sensitive skin:
dryness, roughness, redness, pruritus
*Accelerates wound-healing
*Moisturizes hair, strengthens damaged hair and reduces split ends
*Reinforces the nails
*Improves hydration and maintain skin softness and elasticity



WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL)?
*has a soothing and moisturizing effect
*heals irritations and burns – supports the healing of wounds
*strengthens the lipid barrier of the epidermis, thus preventing the skin from drying out



PROPERTIES OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol), also known as provitamin B5, is an essential ingredient for the proper functioning of the skin.
Thanks to fine particles, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) easily penetrates deep into the skin, as well as into the hair fibers and the nail plate.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) strengthens and rebuilds their structure.
Due to its excellent moisturizing properties, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is readily used as an ingredient in preparations to soothe irritation and sunburn.



RECOMMENDATIONS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
*All skin types
*Dry and sensitive skin
*Damaged skin
*Baldness



MAIN FUNCTIONS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
*Preventing damage
*Moisturizing
*Anti-oxidant



EFFECT OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
*Smooth and nourished skin.
*Shiny and healthy hair.



HOW TO APPLY DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL)?
Apply Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) to the area to be treated with a circular motion massage or add it to a cream/mask.
Add Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) to a gel designed for use in other electrotherapy treatments such as Transdermic Mesotherapy or other types of medical devices used in ultrasound, ionization, or aesthetic treatments.



MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
*Antimicrobial,
*humectant,
*antioxidant,
*smooth and nourished skin,
*shiny and healthy hair.



THE BENEFITS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL) FOR SKIN:
Whether you have sensitive, dry, mature or damaged skin Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) has long been known for its many positive properties.
Here are the benefits of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) for your skin:
*Very gentle and well-tolerated
*Attracts and retains moisture in the skin
*Supports regeneration
*Has wound-healing and anti-inflammatory properties
*Strengthens the skin barrier
*Improves skin elasticity
*Promotes the formation of new cells (in wounds, injuries or sunburn)
*Reduces redness
*Reduces itching
*Soothes irritation



FOR VARIOUS SKIN CONCERNS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
You can easily incorporate Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) into your skincare routine in a variety of ways.
As a permanent staple in the form of a cream or as a quick SOS treatment for affected areas of skin.

Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is particularly suitable for the following skin conditions and skin types:
*Eczema
*Blemish-prone skin
*Couperose
*Sensitive skin
*Mature skin
*Stressed skin
*Dry skin



BENEFITS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
One of the major benefits of using products with Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is that it has a moisturizing effect.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) helps to draw moisture into the skin, leaving it looking and feeling softer and smoother.
Additionally, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) helps to create a barrier on the skin that prevents environmental damage and protects against environmental irritants.

Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is also known to help reduce inflammation signs.
This makes Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) especially helpful for those with sensitive, reactive, and dry skin like atopic prone skin.
The anti-inflammatory action of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) helps to reduce redness and irritation, as well as to promote skin repair.



STABILITY OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a relatively stable ingredient.



CONCENTRATION LEVELS AND RECOMMENDED USAGE FOR DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is typically found in topical skincare products at concentrations of 0.5% to 5%.
At these levels, the skin will benefit the most.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)'s often found in moisturizers, serums, and masks designed to hydrate and soothe the skin.
For maximum results, it's recommended to use Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) products consistently over a period of several weeks.



IS IT OKAY TO USE DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL) DAILY?
Yes, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is generally gentle and safe for daily use.
As always, a patch test is recommended when introducing a new skincare ingredient or product to ensure your skin agrees with Dexpanthenol (Panthenol).



WHO SHOULD USE DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL)?
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can be beneficial for anyone dealing with dry or irritated skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)'s particularly effective for those looking to improve skin hydration, soothe irritation, and achieve smoother, softer skin.

Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is also an amazing ingredient to incorporate after skin procedures and treatments.
As always, it's best to consult with a skincare professional or dermatologist to determine if Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is right for your specific skin concerns.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Although discovered decades ago, the exact mechanisms of action of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) have not been fully elucidated yet.
However, it is clearly demonstrated that Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is converted into pantothenic acid once it is absorbed into the skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is thought to act in three main ways: first, by increasing skin renewal, which helps to keep the skin healthy and well-maintained.

Secondly, by protecting the skin from damage caused by free radicals, which are molecules that can cause damage to the skin’s cells.
Finally, by improving the skin’s protective barrier, which can help keep the skin hydrated and well-nourished.
In addition, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is known to help reduce inflammation signs.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) then functions as a moisturizing and repairing agent, helping to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.



CONCENTRATION OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Typically, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10% in skincare products.
The concentration of Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is used may vary based on the specific formulation and intended use.



WHO SHOULD USE DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL)?
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is suitable for all skin types and is especially beneficial for those with dry or sensitive skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can help to restore the skin’s natural moisture balance, lock in hydration, and protect it from environmental pollutants.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is also an effective skin-soothing ingredient for those with atopic-prone skin, and irritated and sun-burned skin.



DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL) CAN BE USED IN COMBINATION WITH
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is known to have a synergistic effect when used in combination with other ingredients like Madecassoside, Niacinamide, Superoxide Dismutase, Ascorbic Acid, Retinol, and Isoflavones.



HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) can be used daily, in the morning and/or in the evening, depending on the specific formulation and individual skin needs.



DON'T USE DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL) IF:
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is suitable for all skin types.
If you have very sensitive skin or allergies, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is always recommended to test products on a small skin area before using them on the face.



ORIGINS OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is derived from pantothenic acid, which is a naturally occurring B-complex vitamin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is commonly found in a variety of food sources like eggs, whole grains, and dairy products.
In 1944, the first topical Dexpanthenol (Panthenol)-containing formulation was commercialized as an ointment.
The Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) used is a high-purity grade, produced synthetically.



CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a provitamin of pantothenic acid.It is composed of two main components: alcohol and acid.
The alcohol component helps to attract and retain moisture, while the acid component helps to strengthen the skin barrier.

Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is a stable alcoholic analog of pantothenic acid.
Contrary to pantothenic acid, Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) is well absorbed through the skin.
Dexpanthenol (Panthenol) comes in a white crystalline powder.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
Chemical formula: C9H19NO4
Molar mass: 205.254 g·mol−1
Appearance: Highly viscous, colourless liquid
Density: 1.2 g mL−1 (at 20 °C)
Melting point: 66 to 69 °C (151 to 156 °F; 339 to 342 K)[contradictory]
Boiling point: 118 to 120 °C (244 to 248 °F; 391 to 393 K) at 2.7 Pa
log P: −0.989
Acidity (pKa): 13.033
Basicity (pKb): 0.964
Chiral rotation ([α]D): +29° to +30°
Refractive index (nD): 1.499
Physical state: liquid, clear, viscous
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available

Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,2 g/cm3 at 20 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available

Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Product Name: (+)-Panthenol
CAS No.: 81-13-0
Molecular Formula: C9H19NO4
InChIKeys: InChIKey=SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-ZETCQYMHSA-N
Molecular Weight: 205.251
Exact Mass: 205.25
EC Number: 201-327-3
UNII: 1O6C93RI7Z
DSSTox ID: DTXSID3022906
NCI Thesaurus Code: C47481
Color/Form: Hygroscopic oil|Viscous liquid
Clear viscous, somewhat hygroscopic liquid

Some crystallization may occur on standing
ATC Code: D03AX03|A - Alimentary tract and metabolism
D - Dermatologicals|S - Sensory organs
HScode: 2924199090
PSA: 89.79
XLogP3: -0.9
Appearance: Transparent colorless to slightly yellow viscous liquid
Density: 1.2 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Melting Point: Boiling Point: 119 °C
Flash Point: 246.3ºC
Refractive Index: 1.495-1.502
Water Solubility: In water, 1.6X10+6 mg/L at 25 deg C /miscible/ (est)
Storage Conditions: -20ºC
Vapor Pressure: 1.5X10-8 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)
Toxicity: LD50 oral in mouse: 15gm/kg
Taste: Slightly bitter taste
Henrys Law Constant: Henry's Law constant = 2.8X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)
Collision Cross Section: 144.7 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT, Method: sing



FIRST AID MEASURES of DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C
Hygroscopic.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DEXPANTHENOL (PANTHENOL):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


DEXTRIN
CAS No: 9004-53-9
EC Number:232-675-4
Chemical formula:(C6H10O5)n
E number:E1400 (additional chemicals)

Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen.
Dextrins are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by α-(1→4) or α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds.
Dextrin is a general term for substances that have been polymerized by glycosidic bonds of several alpha-glucose molecules.
Dextrins are a type of starch, and as the name suggests, indigestible dextrin resists digestion.

Dextrin is basically a sweet sugar extracted from potato starch.
Dextrin color range is from white to tan; Dextrin has low to high solubilities in cold water, and gives pastes that vary widely in viscosity.
Dextrin is produced from all commercial grain and tuber starches.
During its manufacture, the factors taken into consideration are type of starch and moisture content, roasting time and temperature, and the type and amount of catalyst used.

Dextrin is made from cornstarch that is roasted and then hydrolyzed by amylase (an enzyme that digests starch taken in as food).
Indigestible dextrin is a water-soluble dietary fiber extracted and prepared from the indigestible components in the resulting mush.
Dextrin was created with the aim of supplementing dietary fiber, which tends to be deficient in many diets.
The aqueous solution of dextrin, which has low viscosity and low sweetness, is a food ingredient that is nearly transparent with excellent heat and acid resistance.

Dextrins many different physiological functions make it suitable for use in a variety of foods.
Dextrins can be produced from starch using enzymes like amylases, as during digestion in the human body and during malting and mashing, or by applying dry heat under acidic conditions (pyrolysis or roasting).
Dextrin procedure was first discovered in 1811 by Edme-Jean Baptiste Bouillon-Lagrange.

The latter process is used industrially, and also occurs on the surface of bread during the baking process, contributing to flavor, color and crispness.
Dextrins produced by heat are also known as pyrodextrins.
Dextrin starch hydrolyse during roasting under acidic conditions, and short-chained starch parts partially rebranch with α-(1,6) bonds to the degraded starch molecule.
See also Maillard Reaction.

Dextrins are white, yellow, or brown powder that are partially or fully water-soluble, yielding optically active solutions of low viscosity.
Most of them can be detected with iodine solution, giving a red coloration; one distinguishes erythrodextrin (dextrin that colours red) and achrodextrin (giving no colour).

White and yellow dextrins from starch roasted with little or no acid are called British gum.
Yellow dextrins are used as water-soluble glues in remoistenable envelope adhesives and paper tubes, in the mining industry as additives in froth flotation, in the foundry industry as green strength additives in sand casting, as printing thickener for batik resist dyeing, and as binders in gouache paint and also in the leather industry.

White dextrins are used as:
-a crispness enhancer for food processing, in food batters, coatings, and glazes, (INS number 1400)
-a textile finishing and coating agent to increase weight and stiffness of textile fabrics
-a thickening and binding agent in pharmaceuticals and paper coatings
-a pyrotechnic binder and fuel; this is added to fireworks and sparklers, allowing them to solidify as pellets or "stars"
-a stabilizing agent for certain explosive metal azides, particularly Lead(II) azide
-Owing to their rebranching, dextrins are less digestible.
-Indigestible dextrins have been developed as soluble stand-alone fiber supplements and for adding to processed food products.

Uses of Dextrin:
dextrin (British gum; starch gum) absorbs moisture.
Dextrin is also used as a binder to control product viscosity and reduce the density of a cosmetic.
Dextrin is produced from corn starch and modified by means of a bacterial process.
Dextrin may cause an allergic reaction.

Other types
Maltodextrin
Main article: maltodextrin
Maltodextrin is a short-chain starch sugar used as a food additive.
Dextrin is also produced by enzymatic hydrolysis from gelled starch, and is usually found as a creamy-white hygroscopic spray-dried powder.
Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose, and might either be moderately sweet or have hardly any flavor at all.

Cyclodextrin
Main article: Cyclodextrin
Dextrin cyclical dextrins are known as cyclodextrins.
They are formed by enzymatic degradation of starch by certain bacteria, for example, Paenibacillus macerans (Bacillus macerans).
Cyclodextrins have toroidal structures formed by 6-8 glucose residues.

Amylodextrin is a linear dextrin or short chained amylose (DP 20-30) that can be produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of the alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds or debranching amylopectin.
Amylodextrin colors blue with iodine.
(Beta) Limit dextrin is the remaining polymer produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of amylopectin with beta amylase, which cannot hydrolyse the alpha-1,6 bonds at branch points.
(Alpha) Limit dextrin is a short chained branched amylopectin remnant, produced by hydrolysis of amylopectin with alpha amylase.
Highly branched cyclic dextrin is a dextrin produced from enzymatic breaking of the amylopectin in clusters and using branching enzyme to form large cyclic chains.

CAS Number:337376-15-5
ChemSpider:none
ECHA InfoCard:100.029.693
E number:E1400 (additional chemicals)
KEGG:C00721
PubChem CID:62698
UNII:2NX48Z0A9G
CompTox Dashboard (EPA):DTXSID20891750

Properties
Chemical formula:(C6H10O5)n
Molar mass:variable
Appearance:white or yellow powder

Dextrin is a starch derivative obtained by treating starch at high temperature.
Dextrin Types: Sunar M-70, Sunar M-90, Sunar GM-90, Sunar D-1, Sunar S-2

Application Areas
Dextrin’s application areas are coal, gypsum,textile, corner board, tube winding, lamination, wood pellet, charcoal pellet, paper bag bottom gluing, side gluing of corrugated cardboard, bonding agent in the preparation of sand molding and envelop production.

Dextrin is a generic term applied to a variety of products obtained by heating a starch in the presence of small amounts of moisture and an acid.
Dextrins can be made from any starch and are generally classified as white dextrins, yellow (or canary) dextrins, and British gums.
Each is more water-soluble and produces less viscous solutions or dispersions than its parent starch.
Each is produced by combinations of slight depolymerization (hydrolysis) and transglycosylation (molecular rearrangement).

Transglycosylation produces more highly branched structures and forms glycosidic linkages not found in native starches.
Most dextrins are used as adhesives for paper products.
Only white dextrins and only small amounts of them are used in prepared foods.
White dextrins are prepared by heating a dried, acidified starch.

While dextrins are little used in foods; maltodextrins and syrup solids are used extensively.
Both are produced from starch by hydrolysis only, i.e., without molecular rearrangement, and are of lower average molecular weight than either dextrins or acid-thinned (thin-boiling) starches, the latter being slightly depolymerized starches that remain in granular form.
Dextrin primary difference between thin-boiling starches, maltodextrins, and syrups/syrup solids is the degree of depolymerization.
Dextrin primary difference between dextrins and thin-boiling starches is the method of preparation.

Dextrins (pyrodextrins) are made by heating dry starch with or without acid.
Since Dextrin is a dry process, recovery of water-soluble materials is simpler than with aqueous fluidity and oxidized starches.
Depending on reaction conditions, greater or lesser amounts of three reactions will occur:
(a) hydrolysis;
(b) transglycosidation; and
(c) repolymerization.
According to which predominates, the product is a white dextrin, a yellow dextrin or a British gum.
Like other converted materials, these products offer a way to use higher solids to increase performance.

Dextrins differ from fluidity starches in that their cold-water-solubility increases, while their gel strength and their mean molecular weight are reduced.
Dextrins are formed through acid modification of a dry powder.
Dextrins are more completely hydrolyzed products than fluidity starches.
Hydrochloric acid is favored, but sulfuric and orthophosphoric acids are also used. Dextrins are used where dispersions or sols having high solids are desired.
The choice of a dextrin is a function of application requirements (concentration of sol, color, film strength, ability to be moistened, tack, etc.).
A typical application is the pan coating of confections, where the clear dextrin film prevents separation of the sugar shell from the base center material.

Dextrins are also used to provide gloss to bakery goods as fat replacers.
Highly soluble British gums and yellow dextrins are used as carriers for active food flavorings, spices and colorants, where rapid dissolution in water is desired.
Yellow corn dextrin is also used in the encapsulation of water-insoluble flavorings and oils, replacing gum arabic.
A white dextrin is marketed as a fat replacer.

Dextrins are produced from all commercial grain and tuber starches.
The conversion process is essentially the same for all starches for manufacture of a given dextrin, but ease of conversion varies with starch type and quality.

Potato starch is generally regarded as the easiest to convert, followed closely by tapioca and sago starches.
Corn starch and other cereal starches require longer converting times and higher temperatures to reach a given level of dextrin conversion than do potato or tapioca starch.
Corn starch, however, is the major source for dextrins in the United States because of its low cost and ready availability.

Dextrins are a blend of low-molecular-weight polymers of glucose linked through α-(1→4) or α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds obtained through starch hydrolysis.
They are commonly described by their dextrose equivalent (DE) values, which are defined as reducing sugars expressed as dextrose (D-glucose) on the basis of dry weight.
Dextrins find applications in the food industry as viscosity improvers, ingredients in formulated foods, extenders of powdery foods, and glazing agents in rice cakes.

Dextrins, glucose syrups, and modified starches
Dextrins, formed on heating starch, are assayed together with the unmodified polysaccharide.
The dextrin–iodine coloration is reddish brown.
Glucose syrups (from starch) are extremely soluble in water, and the reducing power (‘dextrose equivalent’) of a sample whose moisture and ash content is known affords a measure of the length of the chain of glucose residues.
Free glucose is measured by the glucose oxidase method.
The molecular weight distribution, which is an important property affecting viscosity, is best measured by SEC, or by an HPLC procedure.
If modification of the starch by oxidation, etherification, or esterification (e.g., phosphate formation) has been carried out, methods appropriate to the specific analyses required must be adopted.

What Is Dextrin?
So first of all, we should figure out what the heck dextrin is.
Actually, dextrins are a category that includes several different carbohydrate strains that are produced by the hydrolysis of starch.
Okay, what? Yep, this can be pretty confusing, so we will try to break Dextrin down for you.
Starches are complex carbohydrates that are made up of mostly sugar molecules.

Starches are mostly found in plants, specifically many of our staple foods like potatoes, corn and rice, and are created as a source of energy.
Dextrin are actually the most common form of carbohydrates found in most human diets.
Hydrolysis is a process that uses water to break down molecules into smaller molecules.
So basically, you take a long strain of sugars (a starch) and break Dextrin down by adding water, and the smaller resulting strains are known as dextrins.
Phew, that was a lot of information! Still with us?

Types of Dextrin
Dextrins can be made from almost any starch source, like corn, wheat or potatoes.
Dextrins are classified into a few different types: typically white dextrins, yellow or canary dextrins or British gums.
Dextrin are all water-soluble solutions and are typically less viscous than the starch that they came from (potato or wheat, for instance).
There are several different uses for dextrins.
One of the most popular is in the adhesive industry.
Because of their water solubility, dextrins are ideal for water-activated adhesives and glues (think postage stamps and envelopes, where you lick them to activate the adhesive properties).
Dextrins are also used to print on cotton fabrics in the textile industry! White dextrins alone are used in the food industry.
These are typically created by a combination of acid and water during hydrolysis.

How Are Dextrins Formed?
Dextrins are usually a byproduct or intermediate product of other processes, such as cooking or enzyme activation.
The most common example of this is the crispy brown part on the top of fresh-baked bread.
The exact properties of your dextrin will rely heavily on what type of starch Dextrin was formed from, so wheat dextrin, for instance, will have very different reactions and properties than corn dextrin or potato dextrin.
Wheat dextrin is a popular example and is a byproduct of the process that extracts gluten proteins from wheat.
The wheat starch gets sprayed with an acid solution and then Dextrin is suspended in water.
After a while, the wheat starch gets roasted until Dextrin is dry, and then Dextrin has officially been converted into dextrin and is packaged and ready to go!

What Is Dextrin Used For?
We mentioned earlier that white dextrins are the only ones used in the food industry, and that is true.
You may be surprised at how many foods contain dextrin when you start checking out your labels!
For something you may not have heard of, this stuff is all over the supermarket shelves!
Wheat dextrin is used to thicken many products in the food industry, such as soups or stews, or even baby foods!
Dextrin is also a popular ingredient to replace fats in low-calorie foods, so if you start reading the labels at health food stores, you will probably start seeing this word a lot!

Wheat dextrin specifically is a great source of fiber, and more specifically, soluble fiber.
There are many differences between soluble and insoluble fiber, but the basic lesson is that soluble fiber digests easily and quickly and helps attach to things like bad cholesterol on the way out, so it helps lower the bad cholesterol in your system!
In short, soluble fiber is great for you!
There are so many health benefits associated with a high fiber diet that we will explore in a minute.
Just know that dextrin is often used as a popular fiber supplement.

Another popular use for dextrin in foods is to make foods crispy or as a coating: we mentioned the crispy brown part on the top of bread earlier, and this is a perfect example.
Dextrin gives fried foods that extra-brown, crispy texture as well.
We all love a good home-cooked fried chicken--give credit to dextrin for that flaky, delicious skin!

Is Dextrin Gluten Free?
We’ve talked about wheat dextrin a good bit, so it may be on your mind to ask whether dextrin is gluten-free or not.
The truth is, a lot of dextrin in food is made from non-wheat sources, like tapioca, rice, or potatoes.
Dextrin these cases, you will be absolutely safe from any gluten particles, so if you have a gluten intolerance or sensitivity, then you have no need to worry about these types of dextrin.
Wheat dextrin, in some cases, will have the gluten processed out of it, so you should not have to worry.
Dextrin some cases, however, the gluten may still remain in the dextrin in a larger quantity than is allowed.
Dextrin these cases, the manufacturer is required to use the word “wheat” on their ingredients or includes list, though, so if you are gluten sensitive or have Celiac Disease, then you should not worry about dextrin on an ingredient list unless it contains the word wheat as well!

Health Benefits of Dextrin
There are several health benefits of dextrin, not only because it is a high source of soluble fiber.
A high fiber diet has been linked to numerous health benefits, including weight loss, better skin health, higher bone density, and lower cholesterol.
Fiber is considered a natural detoxifier, and most cancers have been linked to more toxic inner environments, so fiber has in some cases been linked to lower risk of cancers like colon and liver cancer.
Fiber keeps your bowel movements regular, as well as speeding up digestion and easing the flow of everything you eat through your system - from start to...well, finish.
Fiber also allows your body to absorb nutrients more smoothly and helps flush out bad things without allowing them to sit in your body for too long.

Dextrin is prepared by roasting starch in the presence of acid, which chemically changes the character and properties of starch.
Dextrin is an intermediate between starch and sugars derived from starch.
Dextrin goes into solution instantly and with a lesser quantity of water.
The severity of the heat and acid treatment determines the degree of solubility which is the basis for classifying or grading Dextrin.
Offers high strength films, wide range of water solubilities and greater adhesive strength as well as fluidity.
This starch converted product uses large amounts of yellow dextrin in the preparation of liquid as well as dry adhesives and finds application in the manufacture of spiral, convolute tubes as well as carbon paper, abrasives, dry distemper and in machine labelling of tins, cartons, packages, envelopes, corrugated boxes etc.
Dextrin is also used by crackers manufacturer due to Dextrins adhesive properties as well as explosive character, as a core binder in refractories, foundry operations and in paper tubes, paper cones, book-binding, carton sealing, cigarette pasting, match-head, match box making.
A carbohydrate that has a chemical formula of C18H32O16, used chiefly as a thickening agent in food or as adhesive

Supplement
Carbohydrates are one of the major classes of biomolecules.
The simplest form of carbohydrates is a monosaccharide.
The monosaccharides may combine by glycosidic bonds and form larger carbohydrates, such as oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Dextrin is an example of a carbohydrate.
Dextrins are carbohydrates produced from hydrolyzing starch or glycogen.

Dextrin is comprised of D-glucose units that are linked by α-(1→4) or α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds.
Dextrins are naturally-occurring.
In humans, dextrin is produced during the digestion of starch.
In particular, the human saliva contains the enzyme α-amylase that hydrolyzes the α-1,4 glycosidic bonds that link carbohydrate constituents of the starch.
This results in the production of dextrin (as well as maltotriose and maltose).
Dextrins are produced synthetically as well for their industrial uses.
Starch (or British) gum is a translucent, gummy, amorphous substance that is used as a substitute for gum.

Dextrin is produced synthetically through heat, acids, or diastase.
Dextrin is of somewhat variable composition, containing several carbohydrates which change easily to their respective varieties of sugar.
Dextrin is so named from its rotating the plane of polarization to the right.
Linear dextrins are carbohydrates with six or more glucose molecules that are linked with α(1→4) glycosidic linkage.
Limit dextrins are those comprised of glucose molecules linked with α(1→6) glycosidic linkage.

What is dextrin?
Dextrin is not easy to explain what dextrin really is, as Dextrin is a catch-all for shorter chains of glucose.

The origin of all forms of dextrin is starch from wheat, potatoes, corn, rice, cassava and other starchy crops.
When the starch is broken up, for example during baking, Dextrin breaks down into single glucose molecules, chains with two glucose moieties (maltose) and shorter chains with three or more glucose moieties (maltodextrin).
Dextrin some processes, these are re-combined with various glycoside bonds into tree-like structures.
These re-combined carbohydrates are called dextrin.

Owing to the branching, dextrins are less digestible.
By controlling the glycoside bonds between the branches, Dextrin is possible to produce dextrin that doesn’t break up at all in our digestion system.
They are called resistant dextrin and are dietary fibres.

Yummy for the gut
Dextrin has several health benefits.

Dextrins find widespread use in industry, due to their non-toxicity and their low price.
They are used as water soluble glues, as thickening agents in food processing, and as binding agent in pharmaceuticals.
In pyrotechnics they are added to fire formulas, allowing them to solidify as pellets or "stars."
Cyclodextrins find additional use in analytical chemistry as a matrix for the separation of hydrophobic substances, and as excipients in pharmaceutical formulations.
Not all forms of dextrin are digestible, and indigestible dextrin is sometimes used in fiber supplements.

For example, maltodextrin is a moderately sweet polysaccharide used as a food additive.
Dextrin is produced from starch and is usually found as a creamy white hygroscopic powder.
Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose.
The CAS registry number of maltodextrin is 9050-36-6.

Maltodextrin can be derived from any starch.
Dextrinthe US this starch is usually corn or potato, elsewhere such as in Europe it is commonly wheat.
Dextrin is important for coeliacs since the wheat-derived maltodextrin can contain traces of gluten.

Foods containing maltodextrin may contain traces of amino acids, including glutamic acid as a manufacturing by-product.
The amino acids traces would be too small to have any dietary significance.

Dextrins are starches that are parched with acid hydrolyzation.
Dextrin production and marketing is shaped relatively its color and parching duration.
Dextrin is widely used in chemistry, textile and paper industries.

Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of the D-glucose polymers starch or glycogen.
The term is usally used to describe a mixture of polymers of various sizes, where the glucose units are linked by either α-(1→4) or α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds.
When the polymers were hydrolyzed sufficiently to produce chain lengths that are under 20 monomers, the mixture is referred to as a maltodextrin.

As all nutrition fibres, Dextrin is neither digested nor absorbed in the human small intestine.
Thus, Dextrin doesn’t affect the blood sugar level.
Dextrin passes the digestive system unaffected to the large intestine, where Dextrin is prebiotic for the gut bacterias.
The bacteria in the colon ferment the fibres and produce short-chain fatty acids.
That gives a sustained energy release.
The amount of energy is only 1,7 kcal per gram.
Compared to 4 kcal per gram of sugar, that is almost 60% fewer calories.

Dextrins are polysaccharides formed by heating dry or acid-modified starches in a process called pyrolysis.
They can be used at higher solids levels than native or modified starches, creating stronger bonds, more tack and faster-drying properties than pastes made from unmodified starch.
Dextrin pastes provide excellent machinability and also can be used in adhesives and coatings that come into contact with food products, child-safe school pastes, remoistenable wallpaper, bag/envelope seams and paper and textile sizing.
Dextrin can also be used for encapsulation or granulation of active ingredients such as pharmaceuticals that are produced by fermentation.

Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of starch.
Dextrins are mixtures of linear α-(1,4)-linked D-glucose polymers starting with an α-(1,6) bond.
Because branched amylopectin and glycogen also contain α-(1,6) bonds, which α-amylase cannot hydrolyze in humans, the digest resulting from this action contains a mixture of dextrins.
They have the same general formula as carbohydrates but are of shorter chain length.
Industrial production is, in general, performed by acidic hydrolysis of potato starch.
Dextrins are water-soluble, white to slightly yellow solids that are optically active.
Under analysis, dextrins can be detected with iodine solution, giving a red coloration.

For example, maltodextrin either can be moderately sweet or have hardly any flavor at all.
Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide that is used as a food additive.
Dextrin is produced from starch and is usually found as a creamy-white hygroscopic powder.
Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose.
The CAS registry number of maltodextrin is 9050-36-6.

Maltodextrin can be derived from any starch.
In the US, this starch is usually rice, corn or potato; elsewhere, such as in Europe, Dextrin is commonly wheat.
Dextrin is important for coeliacs, since the wheat-derived maltodextrin can contain traces of gluten.
There have been recent reports of coeliac reaction to maltodextrin in the United States.
Dextrin might be a consequence of the shift of corn to ethanol production and Dextrins replacement with wheat in the formulation.

Dextrins are starches taht are parched with acid hydrolyzation.
Dextrin production and marketing is shaped relatively Dextrins color and parching duration.
Dextrin is widely used in chemistry, textile and paper industries.

Dextrin is sold in 25 kg craft pockets.
Hydrolyzed dextrins naturally exists in leaves of vegetables.
Dextrin exists in onion roots, onion skins and leaves of rice seeds.
Dextrin is used in chemistry, textile and paper industries as a glue.

A dextrin is a de-polymerised starch. By cutting the chain structure of the starch, its functionality changes.
To make a dextrin, basically any starch source is suitable, such as corn, wheat, tapioca, potato, pea, etc.
Unlike starch, dextrins can be white, yellow, or brown.
They are all partially or fully water-soluble.
Furthermore, they are typically less viscous than the starch that they came from.
They undergo modification by either chemicals, or temperature, or both.

Dextrins have a range of different uses.
Unquestionably, the paper industry is one of the most important users of dextrins for adhesives and coatings.
Dextrin chemical and mineral industry use predominantly the yellow (canary dextrins) and brown dextrins.

Pyrdodextrins
There are three groups of pyrodextrins: white dextrins, yellow (or canary) dextrins and British gums.

Starch dextrins are produced by heating dry starch. They are also often called pyrodextrins.
Pyroconversion is based on heat treatment of a dry starch with or without adding acid.

White dextrins, these are made in the presence of an acid at relatively low temperatures, and short process time;
Yellow dextrins, these are made in the presence of an acid at higher temperature, and for longer times.
Yellow corn dextrin is for instance used in the encapsulation of water-insoluble flavourings and oils;
British gums are made at higher temperatures and longer residence times.

Dextrin can be achieved without chemical modification or with the aid of an alkali.
British gums are highly soluble and used as carriers for active food ingredients such as flavourings, spices, and colourants.
When exposed to higher temperatures, the starch starts to become darker.
Dextrin is the reason why white dextrin is lighter: its heat treatment has been mild.

White dextrin
Examples of white dextrin applications in the food sector are:
-a crispness enhancer, in food batters, and as a coating
-a thickening agent for stews and soups
-a fat replacer in low-calorie food
-a soluble dietary fibre supplement
-a prebiotic
-a binding agent in pharmaceuticals
-a cold water soluble filler in herbal formulations

Dextrin, class of substances prepared by the incomplete hydrolysis of starch or by the heating of dry starch.
Dextrins are used chiefly as adhesives and as sizing agents for textiles and paper.

a soluble, gummy substance, formed from starch by the action of heat, acids, or ferments, occurring in various forms and having dextrorotatory properties: used chiefly as a thickening agent in printing inks and food, as a mucilage, and as a substitute for gum arabic and other natural substances.
Any of various soluble polysaccharides obtained from starch by the application of heat or acids and used mainly as adhesives and thickening agents.
any of a group of sticky substances that are intermediate products in the conversion of starch to maltose: used as thickening agents in foods and as gums

What Is Dextrin?
Dextrin is a carbohydrate with the same general formula as starch.
Dextrins are polysaccharides and are produced by the hydrolysis of starch by heat and by acid.
Their nature and chemical behavior depend upon the kind of starch from which they are produced.

For commercial use dextrin is prepared by heating and drying starch and then treating this starch with HCl (hydrochloric acid) to produce a colorless to yellowish, tasteless and odorless powder which when mixed with water, forms a strong adhesive paste.
Present technology requires a costly and time-consuming process of at least four steps; drying, heating, reacting and cooling.
These multi-step processes are very labor intensive and usually producing a dextrin with significant variances from batch to batch.
The poor heat transfer capabilities and inconsistent HCl (hydrochloric acid) distribution in the mix creates Dextrin of varying colors and can lead to the formation of “black specks”.

Introduction
White dextrins are prepared by heating dry starch in the presence of an acid at a temperature generally below 150°C.
White dextrins may also be obtained by further continuing the acid process for making thin boiling starches.
Because of the nature of the application as well as their flavour, their use in food is restricted.
Dextrins are a stage in the normal digestion of starch occurring in the human gastrointestinal tract.

Dextrin represent a broad range of products with considerably smaller molecular size than native starch.
Yellow dextrins are prepared in a similar manner but at a higher temperature and using less acid.
Apart from depolymerization, a good deal of internal rearrangement occurs with formation of highly branched molecules.
These materials are used in foods in limited quantities as adjuvants in flavour encapsulation and similar minor uses.

CAS No.9004-53-9
Chemical Name:Dextrin
SynonymsDextrin;Pinedex;dextrins;caloreen;Starch gum;Dextrin, AR;Corndextrin;WHITEDEXTRIN;DextrineWhite;Dextrin,tech.
CBNumber:CB4178675
Molecular Formula:C18H32O16
Formula Weight:504.43708
MOL File:9004-53-9.mol

Melting point:53.75-54 °C
Density: 0.8 g/cm3
storage: temp. Store at RT.
solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL hot, complete, yellow to very deep yellow
form powder: color yellow
Water Solubility :Soluble in hot water (0.1 g/ml).
Sensitive Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,2953
Stability:Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKeyFYGDTMLNYKFZSV-MRCIVHHJSA-N
SCOGS (Select Committee on GRAS Substances)Corn dextrins (packaging)
Dextrins
FDA 21 CFR184.1277
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS)DEXTRIN
EWG's Food Scores1
EPA Substance Registry SystemDextrin (9004-53-9)

Application:
Dextrin can be used as emulsifying stabilizers and thickeners, adhesives and surface decorators.
Dextrin can be applied to the pharmaceutical industry, protective adhesives and suspending agents, adhesives.
For example, Dextrin can be applied to the sizing treatment of paper, textile sizing and ink preparation; Dextrin can also be used as a drug excipient and a substitute of the Arabic gum.

Production:
Dextrin is obtained from using natural starch originated from cereals or rhizome plants (E.g., corn, sorghum, potato, bamboo, wheat, rice, cassava, sago, etc.) as raw materials which are heated in the presence of suitable food-grade acids and buffers, leading to partial hydrolysis to obtain it.
Drying method: apply hydrochloric acid (≤ 0.15%) or orthophosphoric acid (≤ 0.17%) treatment.
Enzymatic method: take the natural starch of corn, wheat and dried potato as raw material, use 0.15% hydrochloric acid or 0.17% phosphoric acid for heat treatment, and apply starch partial degradation to derive the products.

Chemical Properties:
White powder

Chemical Properties:
Dextrin is partially hydrolyzed maize (corn), potato or cassava starch.
Dextrin is a white, pale yellow or brown-colored powder with a slight characteristic odor.

Uses:
Dextrin is a partially hydrolyzed starch formed from the treatment of starch by dry heat, acid, or enzymes.
Dextrin can be formed from amylose and amylopectin-type starches.
they are white or yellow (canary) in color. as compared to unmodified starch, s have increased water solubility, viscosity stability, and reduced paste viscosity.
uses include dough improvement and binding.

Uses:
Pharmaceutic aid (suspending agent); pharmaceutic aid (viscosity-increasing agent); pharmaceutic aid (tablet binder); pharmaceutic aid (tablet and capsule diluent).

Production Methods:
Dextrin is prepared by the incomplete hydrolysis of starch by heating in the dry state with or without the aid ofsuitable acids and buffers; moisture may be added during heating.
The PhEur 6.4 specifies that dextrin is derived from maize(corn),potatoorcassava starch.
A specification for cassava is included in the USP32–NF27.

Definition:
A polysaccharide sugar produced by the action of amylase enzymes on or the chemical hydrolysis of starch.
Dextrins are used as adhesives.

Definition:
dextrin: An intermediate polysaccharidecompound resulting fromthe hydrolysis of starch to maltose byamylase enzymes.
Agricultural Uses
Dextrin is a group of colloidal products, formed by the hydrolysis of starches with dilute acids or by heating dry starch.
The yellow or white powder or granules obtained are soluble in boiling water and insoluble in ether or alcohol.
Dextrin is used in adhesives, as thickening agents and in penicillin manufacture.

Dextrins are polymers of glucose molecules formed during the degradation of starch in the mashing process.
The starch comprises amylose, a straight-chain polymer of glucose linked alpha 1,4, and amylopectin, a branched glucose polymer with alpha 1,4 links in the chain and alpha 1,6 links at the branch points.
Starch is derived predominantly from malted barley, although other cereal sources (adjuncts) can also contribute.
During the mashing process a series of malt enzymes, notably alpha and beta amylases, break down the starch polymers into smaller units comprising several glucose molecules, which may be arranged either straight chain or in a branch formation.
These glucose polymers can be further degraded into much smaller units comprising glucose (a single glucose molecule), maltose (two glucose molecules), and maltotriose (three glucose molecules), which can be utilized by the brewing yeast in fermentation.

However, depending on the extent of the enzyme activity, some of the glucose polymers do not degrade completely and are carried forward into the wort.
These polymers, which can account for a notable percentage of the total extract, are unable to be fermented by the yeast and remain in the beer at the end of fermentation.
Dextrin some beers, notably “low-calorie” or “lite” beers, the residual nonfermentable dextrins in the wort are reduced to lower levels through the addition of extraneous enzymes or prolonged mash periods.
At high levels residual dextrins can impact the “body” or “mouthfeel” in beers, although they have no flavor of their own.
Brewers wishing higher dextrin content in their beers can achieve this through the use of higher mash saccharification temperatures or using dextrin-rich types of caramel or crystal malts as a proportion of the grist.
Dextrin Sepharose High Performance is a robust and stable affinity resin for purification of proteins tagged with maltose binding protein (MBP).

Fast, one-step purification of MBP-tagged proteins.
High-resolution purification and elution in narrow peaks, minimizing the need for further concentration steps.
Can be used for repeated purification: can be easily regenerated using 0.5 M NaOH.
Physiological conditions and mild elution preserve target protein activity.

Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of starch.
Dextrins are mixtures of linear α-(1,4)-linked D-glucose polymers.
They have the same general formula as carbohydrates but are of shorter chain length.
Industrial production is generally performed by acidic hydrolysis of potato starch.
Dextrins are water soluble, white to slightly yellow solids which are optically active.
Analytically, dextrins can be detected with iodine solution, giving a red coloration.

The cyclical dextrins are known as cyclodextrins.
They are formed by enzymatic degradation of starch by certain bacteria, for example Bacillus macerans.
Cyclodextrins have toroidal structures formed by 6-8 glucose residues.

Synonyms
Dextrin
9004-53-9
Dextrins
Fortodex
Dextrid
Corn dextrin
Dextrina Bianca
British gum
Crystal gum
Dextrin 3
Caloreen
Dextrine
Nutriose
Starch gum
Eclipse G
Farinex MJ
Fibersol 2
Electrocol 70
Aquaflake 31
Amycol 1
Arabix 6
Arabix 7
Cream Dextrin 15
Dextrin 10
Dextrin 12
Dextrin 20
Farinex CO 2
Avedex 35
Crystal Tex 627
Dextrin 101
Fungal amylase starch
Avedex W 15
Avedex W 90
Dextrin 1104
Dextrin 1719
Avedex 58MD14C
Amaizo 1752S
Avedex 58MD14
Caswell No. 279I
Emdex 30An45
Amaizo 1706
Deprexil
C 23 (polysaccaride)
Canary S 8032
Fibersol-2
Dextrin (corn)
Indigestible dextrin
CCRIS 6614
D 3100 (gum)
EDW 90
CPC 8071
EINECS 232-675-4
D 400E

Regulatory process names
Dextrin
Dextrin
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
2-(trimethylazaniumyl)acetate
Dextrin
dextrin

Other identifiers
100041-56-3
133925-38-9
152232-07-0
185829-47-4
199015-70-8
2186634-06-8
256933-14-9
37265-05-7
37265-06-8
650604-25-4
753470-74-5
9004-53-9
9072-45-1

Dextrin
9004-53-9
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Dextrid
Dextrins
Fortodex
British gum
Corn dextrin
Crystal gum
Dextrina Bianca
Dextrin 3
Caloreen
Dextrine
Nutriose
CORN DEXTRIN Powder
SCHEMBL1091972
AKOS037517263
Maltodextrin, dextrose equivalent 16-20
K648
D4657
E80458
A843422
Q177570
D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-D-glucopyranose
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3-yl]oxy-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3,4,5-triol
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
all-E)-9-(4-Methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoicacidethylester
DEXTRIN PALMITATE
Dextrin; Pinedex; caloreen; dextrins; Starch gum; Dextrin, AR;Corndextrin; WHITEDEXTRIN; Dextrin,tech.; DextrineWhite; Dextrin, AR;yellow dextrin / α-D-Glucopyranose;dextrin from corn;dextrin from potato starch;DEXTRIN,WHITEPOWDER;DEXTRIN,YELLOWPOWDER;caloreen;TAPIOCADEXTRINS CAS NO:9004-53-9
DEXTRINE
dextrine; DEXTRIN; a-Glucose; N° CAS : 9004-53-9, Nom INCI : DEXTRIN, Nom chimique : Dextrin,N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-675-4, Agent Absorbant : Absorbe l'eau (ou l'huile) sous forme dissoute ou en fines particules. Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques. Agent de foisonnement : Réduit la densité apparente des cosmétiques. Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiquesLes dextrines sont des glucides amorphes de formule brute approximative (C6H10O5)n. Elles sont obtenues par chauffage de l'amidon vers 160°C ou par son hydrolyse acide vers 100°C. Des dextrines se forment dans la croûte du pain lors de la cuisson, ce qui lui confère sa couleur et son parfum. On les trouve sous forme de poudre blanche, jaune ou brune. Elles sont plus ou moins solubles dans l'eau et donnent les solutions incolores et dextrogyres.Les dextrines sont des mélanges de gluco-oligosides ou oligosides de glucose en chaînes linéaires dont les unités de glucose sont liées par des liaisons osidiques du type α-(1,4). Ces chaînes sont reliées entre elles par des liaisons osidiques α-(1,6). Les amylopectines ramifiées et le glycogène contiennent eux-mêmes des liaisons osidiques α-(1,6) que les α-amylases ne peuvent pas hydrolyser : par conséquent leur digestion produit un mélange de dextrines.Les dextrines jaunes sont utilisées dans des colles à l'eau (enveloppes), dans des additifs pour le moulage en sable, des liants pour la gouache et dans l'impression des tissus.Les dextrines blanches sont utilisées dans les excipients des médicaments, les papiers couchés, les liants dans les feux d'artifice. Étant peu digestibles elles constituent des fibres alimentaires solubles. Noms français : Dextrine Noms anglais : BRITISH GUM CORN DEXTRIN CORN DEXTRINE DEXTRANS Dextrin DEXTRINS GOMMELIN STARCH GUM STARCH, DEXTRINIZED STARCH, THIN-BOILING Utilisation: Fabrication de produits pharmaceutiques, agent épaississant. α-D-Glucopyranose 207-757-8 [EINECS] 232-675-4 [EINECS] a-Dextrose a-D-glucopyranose a-D-Glucose a-Glucose D-(+) Glucose D-(+)-Glucose Dextrose [USP] D-Glucopyranose [ACD/Index Name] D-Glucose [ACD/Index Name] Glucopyranose Glucose [JP15] α-dextrose α-D-Glucopyranose [ACD/Index Name] α-D-Glucopyranose [German] [ACD/Index Name] α-D-Glucopyranose [French] [ACD/Index Name] α-D-Glucose α-D-Glucose α-glucose &α;-D-glucopyranose &α;-D-glucose &α;-glucose (1,6-α-D-glucosyl)n (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-methyloltetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-methyloltetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetrol 1,3-α-D-Glucan 1,4-α-D-Glucan 1,6-α-D-Glucan Amylose Amylose chain BGC BOG Cartose Cerelose Corn sugar D-(+)-Glucose, anhydrous Dextrin [Wiki] Dextropur DextroseAnhydrate Dextrosol D-gluco-hexose D-Glucose-12C6, 16O6 D-gluose GLB glc Glucopyranose, α-D- Glucose Syrup Grape sugar ICODEXTRIN MAN suc α-​D-​Glucopyranose α-D(+)-Glucose α-D-Glc α-d-glucose α-glucose β-D-glucose
DEXTROSE
Dextrose Dextrose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Dextrose is the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates. Dextrose is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight, where it is used to make cellulose in cell walls, which is the most abundant carbohydrate. In energy metabolism, Dextrose is the most important source of energy in all organisms. Dextrose for metabolism is stored as a polymer, in plants mainly as starch and amylopectin, and in animals as glycogen. Dextrose circulates in the blood of animals as blood sugar. The naturally occurring form of Dextrose is d-Dextrose, while l-Dextrose is produced synthetically in comparatively small amounts and is of lesser importance. Dextrose is a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group, and is therefore an aldohexose. The Dextrose molecule can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) as well as ring (cyclic) form. Dextrose is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. In animals, Dextrose is released from the breakdown of glycogen in a process known as glycogenolysis. The name Dextrose derives through the French from the Greek γλυκός ('glukos'), which means "sweet", in reference to must, the sweet, first press of grapes in the making of wine. The suffix "-ose" is a chemical classifier, denoting a sugar. What is dextrose? Dextrose is the name of a simple sugar that is made from corn and is chemically identical to glucose, or blood sugar. Dextrose is often used in baking products as a sweetener, and can be commonly found in items such as processed foods and corn syrup. Dextrose also has medical purposes. It is dissolved in solutions that are given intravenously, which can be combined with other drugs, or used to increase a person’s blood sugar. Because dextrose is a “simple” sugar, the body can quickly use it for energy. Simple sugars can raise blood sugar levels very quickly, and they often lack nutritional value. Examples of other simple sugars include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Products that are typically made of simple sugars include refined sugar, white pasta, and honey. What are common dextrose preparations? Dextrose is used to make several intravenous (IV) preparations or mixtures, which are available only at a hospital or medical facility. Dextrose is also available as an oral gel or in oral tablet form over the counter from pharmacies. Each dextrose concentration has its own unique uses. Higher concentrations are typically used as “rescue” doses when someone has a very low blood sugar reading. How is dextrose used? Dextrose is used in various concentrations for different purposes. For example, a doctor may prescribe dextrose in an IV solution when someone is dehydrated and has low blood sugar. Dextrose IV solutions can also be combined with many drugs, for IV administration. Dextrose is a carbohydrate, which is one part of nutrition in a normal diet. Solutions containing dextrose provide calories and may be given intravenously in combination with amino acids and fats. This is called total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and is used to provide nutrition to those who cannot absorb or get carbohydrates, amino acids, and fats through their gut. High-concentration dextrose injections are only given by professionals. These injections are administered to people whose blood sugar may be very low and who cannot swallow dextrose tablets, foods, or drinks. If a person’s potassium levels are too high (hyperkalemia), sometimes doctors also give dextrose injections of 50 percent, followed by insulin intravenously. This may be done in the hospital setting. When the cells take in the extra glucose, they also take in potassium. This helps to lower a person’s blood potassium levels. The dextrose is given to prevent the person from being hypoglycemic. The insulin is treating the elevated potassium. People with diabetes or hypoglycemia (chronically low blood sugar) may carry dextrose gel or tablets in case their blood sugar gets too low. The gel or tablets dissolve in a person’s mouth and quickly boost blood sugar levels. If a person’s blood sugar is less than 70 mg/dL and they are having low blood sugar symptoms, they may need to take the dextrose tablets. Examples of low blood sugar symptoms include weakness, confusion, sweating, and too-fast heart rate. What precautions should I take when using dextrose? A medical provider should not give dextrose to people with certain kinds of medical conditions. This is because the dextrose could potentially cause too-high blood sugar or fluid shifts in the body that lead to swelling or fluid buildup in the lungs. Avoid dextrose if you have hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar if you have hypokalemia, or low potassium levels in the blood if you have peripheral edema, or swelling in the arms, feet, or legs if you have pulmonary edema, when fluids build up in the lungs If you are diabetic and your doctor prescribes dextrose oral gel or tablets for you, these should only be used when you have a low blood sugar reaction. Your doctor or diabetes educator should teach you how to spot the signs of low blood sugar and when to use the tablets. If you need to have the gel or tablets on hand, you should keep them with you at all times and you should keep some at home. Your doctor should also explain to other family members when to use the gel or tablets, in case others need to give them to you. If you have an allergy to corn, you could have an allergic reaction to dextrose. Talk to your doctor before using it. Monitoring your blood sugar while on dextrose Even if you don’t have certain conditions, it is important to continually check your blood sugar if they are receiving dextrose. This can ensure that the dextrose does not dangerously increase blood sugar. You can check your blood sugar with home tests. They involve testing blood from a finger prick on a blood strip. For those who are physically unable to test their blood at home, urine glucose tests are available, though they’re not as reliable. If you do find that you or someone else is having a negative reaction due to low blood sugar, the dextrose tablets should be taken immediately. According to the Joslin Diabetes Center, four glucose tablets are equal to 15 grams of carbs and can be taken in the case of low blood sugar levels (unless otherwise advised by your doctor). Chew the tablets thoroughly before swallowing. No water is needed. Your symptoms should improve within 20 minutes. If they don’t, consult your doctor. The dextrose gel often comes in single-serving tubes, which are poured directly into the mouth and swallowed. If you haven’t felt any positive changes after 10 minutes, repeat with another tube. If your blood sugar is still too low after an additional 10 minutes, contact your doctor. Dextrose in children Dextrose can be used in children similarly to how it is used in adults, as a medical intervention for hypoglycemia. In cases of severe pediatric hypoglycemia, children will often be given dextrose intravenously. Prompt and early treatment in children and infants with hypoglycemia is essential, as untreated hypoglycemia can result in neurological damage. If they’re able to take it, dextrose may be given to children orally. In the case of neonatal hypoglycemia, which can be caused by several disorders such as metabolism defects or hyperinsulinism, infants can have small amounts of dextrose gel added to their diet to help them maintain healthy blood sugar levels. Consult your doctor for how much dextrose to add to their diet. Infants that were born prematurely are at risk for hypoglycemia, and may be given dextrose via an IV. Dextrose powder and bodybuilding Dextrose is naturally calorie-dense and easy for the body to break down for energy. Because of this, dextrose powder is available and sometimes used as a nutritional supplement by bodybuilders who are looking to increase weight and muscle. While the boost in calories and easy to break down nature of dextrose can benefit bodybuilders or those looking to increase muscle mass, it’s important to note that dextrose lacks other essential nutrients that are needed to accomplish this goal. Those nutrients include protein and fat. Dextrose powder’s simple sugars also make it easier to break down, while complex sugars and carbohydrates may benefit bodybuilders more, as they are more successful at helping fat to burn. What are the side effects of dextrose? Dextrose should be carefully given to people who have diabetes, because they might not be able to process dextrose as quickly as would someone without the condition. Dextrose can increase the blood sugar too much, which is known as hyperglycemia. Symptoms include: fruity odor on the breath increasing thirst with no known causes dry skin dehydration nausea shortness of breath stomach upset unexplained fatigue urinating frequently vomiting confusion Effect on blood sugar If you need to use dextrose, your blood sugar could increase too much afterward. You should test your blood sugar after using dextrose tablets, as directed by your doctor or diabetes educator. You may need to adjust your insulin to lower your blood sugar. If you are given IV fluids with dextrose in the hospital, your nurse will check your blood sugar. If the blood sugar tests too high, the dose of your IV fluids may be adjusted or even stopped, until your blood sugar reaches a safer level. You could also be given insulin, to help reduce your blood sugar. Dextrose’s simple sugar composition makes it useful as a treatment for hypoglycemia and low blood sugar for patients of all ages, with some treatment options being convenient and portable. It is safe to use long-term on an as-needed basis. Dextrose does not come without risks, however, and even those without diabetes should carefully monitor their blood sugar when taking it. Always consult a doctor before stopping treatment for diabetes, or if you test your blood sugar and it is high. If you have glucose gel or tablets in your home, keep them away from children. Large amounts taken by small children could be especially dangerous. History of dextrose Dextrose was first isolated from raisins in 1747 by the German chemist Andreas Marggraf. Dextrose was discovered in grapes by Johann Tobias Lowitz in 1792, and distinguished as being different from cane sugar (sucrose). Dextrose is the term coined by Jean Baptiste Dumas in 1838, which has prevailed in the chemical literature. Friedrich August Kekulé proposed the term dextrose (from Latin dexter = right), because in aqueous solution of Dextrose, the plane of linearly polarized light is turned to the right. In contrast, d-fructose (a ketohexose) and l-Dextrose turn linearly polarized light to the left. The earlier notation according to the rotation of the plane of linearly polarized light (d and l-nomenclature) was later abandoned in favor of the d- and l-notation, which refers to the absolute configuration of the asymmetric center farthest from the carbonyl group, and in concordance with the configuration of d- or l-glyceraldehyde. Since Dextrose is a basic necessity of many organisms, a correct understanding of its chemical makeup and structure contributed greatly to a general advancement in organic chemistry. This understanding occurred largely as a result of the investigations of Emil Fischer, a German chemist who received the 1902 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his findings. The synthesis of Dextrose established the structure of organic material and consequently formed the first definitive validation of Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff's theories of chemical kinetics and the arrangements of chemical bonds in carbon-bearing molecules. Between 1891 and 1894, Fischer established the stereochemical configuration of all the known sugars and correctly predicted the possible isomers, applying Van 't Hoff's theory of asymmetrical carbon atoms. The names initially referred to the natural substances. Their enantiomers were given the same name with the introduction of systematic nomenclatures, taking into account absolute stereochemistry (e.g. Fischer nomenclature, d/l nomenclature). For the discovery of the metabolism of Dextrose Otto Meyerhof received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1922. Hans von Euler-Chelpin was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Arthur Harden in 1929 for their "research on the fermentation of sugar and their share of enzymes in this process". In 1947, Bernardo Houssay (for his discovery of the role of the pituitary gland in the metabolism of Dextrose and the derived carbohydrates) as well as Carl and Gerty Cori (for their discovery of the conversion of glycogen from Dextrose) received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. In 1970, Luis Leloir was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of Dextrose-derived sugar nucleotides in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates. Chemical properties With six carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a subcategory of the monosaccharides. d-Dextrose is one of the sixteen aldohexose stereoisomers. The d-isomer, d-Dextrose, also known as dextrose, occurs widely in nature, but the l-isomer, l-Dextrose, does not. Dextrose can be obtained by hydrolysis of carbohydrates such as milk sugar (lactose), cane sugar (sucrose), maltose, cellulose, glycogen, etc. Dextrose is commonly commercially manufactured from cornstarch in the US and Japan, from potato and wheat starch in Europe, and from tapioca starch in tropical areas. The manufacturing process uses hydrolysis via pressurized steaming at controlled pH in a jet followed by further enzymatic depolymerization. Unbonded Dextrose is one of the main ingredients of honey. All forms of Dextrose are colorless and easily soluble in water, acetic acid, and several other solvents. They are only sparingly soluble in methanol and ethanol. Structure and nomenclature Dextrose is a monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 or H−(C=O)−(CHOH)5−H, whose five hydroxyl (OH) groups are arranged in a specific way along its six-carbon back. Dextrose is usually present in solid form as a monohydrate with a closed pyran ring (dextrose hydrate). In aqueous solution, on the other hand, it is an open-chain to a small extent and is present predominantly as α- or β-pyranose, which partially mutually merge by mutarotation. From aqueous solutions, the three known forms can be crystallized: α-glucopyranose, β-glucopyranose and β-glucopyranose hydrate. Dextrose is a building block of the disaccharides lactose and sucrose (cane or beet sugar), of oligosaccharides such as raffinose and of polysaccharides such as starch and amylopectin, glycogen or cellulose. The glass transition temperature of Dextrose is 31 °C and the Gordon–Taylor constant (an experimentally determined constant for the prediction of the glass transition temperature for different mass fractions of a mixture of two substances) is 4.5. Open-chain form Dextrose can exist in both a straight-chain and ring form. In its fleeting open-chain form, the Dextrose molecule has an open (as opposed to cyclic) and unbranched backbone of six carbon atoms, C-1 through C-6; where C-1 is part of an aldehyde group H(C=O)−, and each of the other five carbons bears one hydroxyl group −OH. The remaining bonds of the backbone carbons are satisfied by hydrogen atoms −H. Therefore, Dextrose is both a hexose and an aldose, or an aldohexose. The aldehyde group makes Dextrose a reducing sugar giving a positive reaction with the Fehling test. Each of the four carbons C-2 through C-5 is a stereocenter, meaning that its four bonds connect to four different substituents. (Carbon C-2, for example, connects to −(C=O)H, −OH, −H, and −(CHOH)4H.) In d-Dextrose, these four parts must be in a specific three-dimensional arrangement. Namely, when the molecule is drawn in the Fischer projection, the hydroxyls on C-2, C-4, and C-5 must be on the right side, while that on C-3 must be on the left side. The positions of those four hydroxyls are exactly reversed in the Fischer diagram of l-Dextrose. d- and l-Dextrose are two of the 16 possible aldohexoses; the other 14 are allose, altrose, galactose, gulose, idose, mannose, and talose, each with two enantiomers, “d-” and “l-”. It is important to note that the linear form of Dextrose makes up less than 0.02% of the Dextrose molecules in a water solution. The rest is one of two cyclic forms of Dextrose that are formed when the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 (C5) bonds to the aldehyde carbon 1 (C1). Cyclic forms In solutions, the open-chain form of Dextrose (either "D-" or "L-") exists in equilibrium with several cyclic isomers, each containing a ring of carbons closed by one oxygen atom. In aqueous solution, however, more than 99% of Dextrose molecules, at any given time, exist as pyranose forms. The open-chain form is limited to about 0.25%, and furanose forms exist in negligible amounts. The terms "Dextrose" and "D-Dextrose" are generally used for these cyclic forms as well. The ring arises from the open-chain form by an intramolecular nucleophilic addition reaction between the aldehyde group (at C-1) and either the C-4 or C-5 hydroxyl group, forming a hemiacetal linkage, −C(OH)H−O−. Optical activity Whether in water or the solid form, d-(+)-Dextrose is dextrorotatory, meaning it will rotate the direction of polarized light clockwise as seen looking toward the light source. The effect is due to the chirality of the molecules, and indeed the mirror-image isomer, l-(−)-Dextrose, is levorotatory (rotates polarized light counterclockwise) by the same amount. The strength of the effect is different for each of the five tautomers. Note that the d- prefix does not refer directly to the optical properties of the compound. It indicates that the C-5 chiral centre has the same handedness as that of d-glyceraldehyde (which was so labelled because it is dextrorotatory). The fact that d-Dextrose is dextrorotatory is a combined effect of its four chiral centres, not just of C-5; and indeed some of the other d-aldohexoses are levorotatory. The conversion between the two anomers can be observed in a polarimeter since pure α-dDextrose has a specific rotation angle of +112.2°·ml/(dm·g), pure β- D- Dextrose of +17.5°·ml/(dm·g). When equilibrium has been reached after a certain time due to mutarotation, the angle of rotation is +52.7°·ml/(dm·g). By adding acid or base, this transformation is much accelerated. The equilibration takes place via the open-chain aldehyde form. Biochemical properties Dextrose is the most abundant monosaccharide. Dextrose is also the most widely used aldohexose in most living organisms. One possible explanation for this is that Dextrose has a lower tendency than other aldohexoses to react nonspecifically with the amine groups of proteins. This reaction—glycation—impairs or destroys the function of many proteins, e.g. in glycated hemoglobin. Dextrose's low rate of glycation can be attributed to its having a more stable cyclic form compared to other aldohexoses, which means it spends less time than they do in its reactive open-chain form. The reason for Dextrose having the most stable cyclic form of all the aldohexoses is that its hydroxy groups (with the exception of the hydroxy group on the anomeric carbon of d-Dextrose) are in the equatorial position. Presumably, Dextrose is the most abundant natural monosaccharide because it is less glycated with proteins than other monosaccharides. Another hypothesis is that Dextrose, being the only D-aldohexose that has all five hydroxy substituents in the equatorial position in the form of β-D-Dextrose, is more readily accessible to chemical reactions, for example, for esterification or acetal formation. For this reason, D-Dextrose is also a highly preferred building block in natural polysaccharides (glycans). Polysaccharides that are composed solely of Dextrose are termed glucans. Dextrose is produced by plants through the photosynthesis using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide and can be used by all living organisms as an energy and carbon source. However, most Dextrose does not occur in its free form, but in the form of its polymers, i.e. lactose, sucrose, starch and others which are energy reserve substances, and cellulose and chitin, which are components of the cell wall in plants or fungi and arthropods, respectively. These polymers are degraded to Dextrose during food intake by animals, fungi and bacteria using enzymes. All animals are also able to produce Dextrose themselves from certain precursors as the need arises. Nerve cells, cells of the renal medulla and erythrocytes depend on Dextrose for their energy production. In adult humans, there are about 18 g of Dextrose, of which about 4 g are present in the blood. Approximately 180 to 220 g of Dextrose are produced in the liver of an adult in 24 hours. Many of the long-term complications of diabetes (e.g., blindness, kidney failure, and peripheral neuropathy) are probably due to the glycation of proteins or lipids. In contrast, enzyme-regulated addition of sugars to protein is called glycosylation and is essential for the function of many proteins. Uptake Ingested Dextrose initially binds to the receptor for sweet taste on the tongue in humans. This complex of the proteins T1R2 and T1R3 makes it possible to identify Dextrose-containing food sources. Dextrose mainly comes from food - about 300 g per day are produced by conversion of food, but it is also synthesized from other metabolites in the body's cells. In humans, the breakdown of Dextrose-containing polysaccharides happens in part already during chewing by means of amylase, which is contained in saliva, as well as by maltase, lactase and sucrase on the brush border of the small intestine. Dextrose is a building block of many carbohydrates and can be split off from them using certain enzymes. Glucosidases, a subgroup of the glycosidases, first catalyze the hydrolysis of long-chain Dextrose-containing polysaccharides, removing terminal Dextrose. In turn, disaccharides are mostly degraded by specific glycosidases to Dextrose. The names of the degrading enzymes are often derived from the particular poly- and disaccharide; inter alia, for the degradation of polysaccharide chains there are amylases (named after amylose, a component of starch), cellulases (named after cellulose), chitinases (named after chitin) and more. Furthermore, for the cleavage of disaccharides, there are maltase, lactase, sucrase, trehalase and others. In humans, about 70 genes are known that code for glycosidases. They have functions in the digestion and degradation of glycogen, sphingolipids, mucopolysaccharides and poly(ADP-ribose). Humans do not produce cellulases, chitinases and trehalases, but the bacteria in the gut flora do. In order to get into or out of cell membranes of cells and membranes of cell compartments, Dextrose requires special transport proteins from the major facilitator superfamily. In the small intestine (more precisely, in the jejunum), Dextrose is taken up into the intestinal epithelial cells with the help of Dextrose transporters via a secondary active transport mechanism called sodium ion-Dextrose symport via the sodium/Dextrose cotransporter 1. The further transfer occurs on the basolateral side of the intestinal epithelial cells via the Dextrose transporter GLUT2, as well as their uptake into liver cells, kidney cells, cells of the islets of Langerhans, nerve cells, astrocytes and tanyocytes. Dextrose enters the liver via the vena portae and is stored there as a cellular glycogen. In the liver cell, it is phosphorylated by glucokinase at position 6 to Dextrose-6-phosphate, which can not leave the cell. With the help of Dextrose-6-phosphatase, Dextrose-6-phosphate is converted back into Dextrose exclusively in the liver, if necessary, so that it is available for maintaining a sufficient blood Dextrose concentration. In other cells, uptake happens by passive transport through one of the 14 GLUT proteins. In the other cell types, phosphorylation occurs through a hexokinase, whereupon Dextrose can no longer diffuse out of the cell. The Dextrose transporter GLUT1 is produced by most cell types and is of particular importance for nerve cells and pancreatic β-cells. GLUT3 is highly expressed in nerve cells. Dextrose from the bloodstream is taken up by GLUT4 from muscle cells (of the skeletal muscle and heart muscle) and fat cells. GLUT14 is formed exclusively in testes. Excess Dextrose is broken down and converted into fatty acids, which are stored as triacylglycerides. In the kidneys, Dextrose in the urine is absorbed via SGLT1 and SGLT2 in the apical cell membranes and transmitted via GLUT2 in the basolateral cell membranes. About 90% of kidney Dextrose reabsorption is via SGLT2 and about 3% via SGLT1. Biosynthesis In plants and some prokaryotes, Dextrose is a product of photosynthesis Dextrose is also formed by the breakdown of polymeric forms of Dextrose like glycogen (in animals and mushrooms) or starch (in plants). The cleavage of glycogen is termed glycogenolysis, the cleavage of starch is called starch degradation. The metabolic pathway that begins with molecules containing two to four carbon atoms (C) and ends in the Dextrose molecule containing six carbon atoms is called gluconeogenesis and occurs in all living organisms. The smaller starting materials are the result of other metabolic pathways. Ultimately almost all biomolecules come from the assimilation of carbon dioxide in plants during photosynthesis. The free energy of formation of α-d-Dextrose is 917.2 kilojoules per mole. In humans, gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver and kidney, but also in other cell types. In the liver about 150 g of glycogen are stored, in skeletal muscle about 250 g. However, the Dextrose released in muscle cells upon cleavage of the glycogen can not be delivered to the circulation because Dextrose is phosphorylated by the hexokinase, and a Dextrose-6-phosphatase is not expressed to remove the phosphate group. Unlike for Dextrose, there is no transport protein for Dextrose-6-phosphate. Gluconeogenesis allows the organism to build up Dextrose from other metabolites, including lactate or certain amino acids, while consuming energy. The renal tubular cells can also produce Dextrose. Dextrose degradation In humans, Dextrose is metabolised by glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Glycolysis is used by all living organisms, with small variations, and all organisms generate energy from the breakdown of monosaccharides. In the further course of the metabolism, it can be completely degraded via oxidative decarboxylation, the Krebs cycle (synonym citric acid cycle) and the respiratory chain to water and carbon dioxide. If there is not enough oxygen available for this, the Dextrose degradation in animals occurs anaerobic to lactate via lactic acid fermentation and releases less energy. Muscular lactate enters the liver through the bloodstream in mammals, where gluconeogenesis occurs (Cori cycle). With a high supply of Dextrose, the metabolite acetyl-CoA from the Krebs cycle can also be used for fatty acid synthesis. Dextrose is also used to replenish the body's glycogen stores, which are mainly found in liver and skeletal muscle. These processes are hormonally regulated. In other living organisms, other forms of fermentation can occur. The bacterium Escherichia coli can grow on nutrient media containing Dextrose as the sole carbon source. In some bacteria and, in modified form, also in archaea, Dextrose is degraded via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Use of Dextrose as an energy source in cells is by either aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, or fermentation. The first step of glycolysis is the phosphorylation of Dextrose by a hexokinase to form Dextrose 6-phosphate. The main reason for the immediate phosphorylation of Dextrose is to prevent its diffusion out of the cell as the charged phosphate group prevents Dextrose 6-phosphate from easily crossing the cell membrane. Furthermore, addition of the high-energy phosphate group activates Dextrose for subsequent breakdown in later steps of glycolysis. At physiological conditions, this initial reaction is irreversible. In anaerobic respiration, one Dextrose molecule produces a net gain of two ATP molecules (four ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis through substrate-level phosphorylation, but two are required by enzymes used during the process). In aerobic respiration, a molecule of Dextrose is much more profitable in that a maximum net production of 30 or 32 ATP molecules (depending on the organism) through oxidative phosphorylation is generated. Energy source Dextrose is a ubiquitous fuel in biology. It is used as an energy source in organisms, from bacteria to humans, through either aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration (in bacteria), or fermentation. Dextrose is the human body's key source of energy, through aerobic respiration, providing about 3.75 kilocalories (16 kilojoules) of food energy per gram. Breakdown of carbohydrates (e.g., starch) yields mono- and disaccharides, most of which is Dextrose. Through glycolysis and later in the reactions of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, Dextrose is oxidized to eventually form carbon dioxide and water, yielding energy mostly in the form of ATP. The insulin reaction, and other mechanisms, regulate the concentration of Dextrose in the blood. The physiological caloric value of Dextrose, depending on the source, is 16.2 kilojoules per gram and 15.7 kJ/g (3.74 kcal/g), respectively. The high availability of carbohydrates from plant biomass has led to a variety of methods during evolution, especially in microorganisms, to utilize the energy and carbon storage Dextrose. Differences exist in which end product can no longer be used for energy production. The presence of individual genes, and their gene products, the enzymes, determine which reactions are possible. The metabolic pathway of glycolysis is used by almost all living beings. An essential difference in the use of glycolysis is the recovery of NADPH as a reductant for anabolism that would otherwise have to be generated indirectly. Dextrose and oxygen supply almost all the energy for the brain, so its availability influences psychological processes. When Dextrose is low, psychological processes requiring mental effort (e.g., self-control, effortful decision-making) are impaired. In the brain, which is dependent on Dextrose and oxygen as the major source of energy, the Dextrose concentration is usually 4 to 6 mM (5 mM equals 90 mg/dL), but decreases to 2 to 3 mM when fasting. Confusion occurs below 1 mM and coma at lower levels. The Dextrose in the blood is called blood sugar. Blood sugar levels are regulated by Dextrose-binding nerve cells in the hypothalamus. In addition, Dextrose in the brain binds to Dextrose receptors of the reward system in the nucleus accumbens. The binding of Dextrose to the sweet receptor on the tongue induces a release of various hormones of energy metabolism, either through Dextrose or through other sugars, leading to an increased cellular uptake and lower blood sugar levels. Artificial sweeteners do not lower blood sugar levels.
DEXTROSE
Dextrose is a kind of simple sugar that is derived from starch and has the chemical formula C6H12O6.
Dextrose, also known as D-Glucose, is a simple carbohydrate sugar.


CAS Number: 50-99-7
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C6H12O6



D-(+)-Glucose, Dextrose, D50W, DGlucose, glucose, Dextrose MH Food Grade Fine GR, Dextrose MH Food Grade Fine GR, Clintose Dextrose MH, Clintose Dextrose A Polydextrose (Improved), T/N Upalex D12, T/N: CERELOSE Dextrose 020010-102 “OU”, T/N: Staleydex 333



Dextrose is what’s known as a simple sugar.
Chemically speaking Dextrose only has one molecule (what’s known as a monosaccharide) – meaning it’s incredibly easy for the body to break down.
Dextrose is a starch-based sugar and is made from refined corn, rice, or wheat.


Dextrose is added to many foods, especially processed foods, to improve their taste.
Dextrose is an essential ingredient of intravenous nutrition and dialysis solutions.
In addition to its caloric value, Dextrose allows the control of osmotic pressure of the liquid.


Dextrose is a simple sugar which is chemically the same as glucose.
Dextrose causes a rise in blood sugar, which can either be helpful or harmful to health depending on the application and circumstances.
Dextrose is a kind of simple sugar that is derived from starch and has the chemical formula C6H14O7.


Starch is a complex carbohydrate that occurs naturally in various plants, including maize, wheat, rice, and potato.
Corn starch is the most frequent source of Dextrose.
Dextrose is another name for glucose or Glucon- D.


Dextrose is a great energy source, which keeps all the cells and organs of the body functioning properly.
Dextrose, also known as D-Glucose, is a simple carbohydrate sugar.
Dextrose is a monosaccharide, used by nearly every living organism as a source of energy.


Dextrose is made from refined starch – which comes from plants like corn or wheat.
Dextrose also occurs naturally in some foods such as honey.
The Dextrose which is found in so many processed foods and beverages has been refined using an industrial process into a fine white crystalline Dextrose powder before being added in unnatural amounts to our foods to enhance their flavour and palatability.


This is why, for example, a strawberry-flavoured yogurt is many times sweeter than a real strawberry.
In this respect, Dextrose adds an artificial level of sweetness to things we eat, so it’s unnatural to eat so much dextrose in our diets, although dextrose is not unnatural itself.


The fine texture of Dextrose make it ideal for a wide range of applications.
As a simple sugar, Dextrose is well-tolerated by most individuals.
From an athletic performance perspective, when a rapid and constant supply of carbohydrates and calories are needed, Dextrose is the go to carbohydrate source.


Dextrose is a versatile ingredient that is commonly added to pre, intra and post-workout drinks.
Dextrose is commonly mixed with Protein, Creatine and Pre Workout amino acid blends amongst many other applications.
Dextrose replenishes muscle glycogen levels rapidly & therefore is a great choice of carbohydrate source pre, post and intra workout.


If ever a sweetener could be considered ubiquitous, it would be Dextrose, often referred to as “grape sugar” or blood sugar”.
Dextrose is a natural sugar occuring widely in nature – in honey and many fruits for example.
As a constituent of cellulose, starch and glycogen, Dextrose is found in all plants and animals.


Just like sugar, Dextrose consists of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.
However, no further comparison is possible, since several features differentiate Dextrose from sugar.
A number of important differences are, in large part, due to their different molecular weights.


Dextrose is a synonym of D-glucose and refers to the pure, crystalline monosaccharide obtained after a total hydrolysis of starch.
Dextrose exists in 2 forms, dextrose monohydrate which contains one molecule crystal water in contrast to anhydrous dextrose, which contains none.
Both forms are available as a white crystalline powder of high purity.


Dextrose is a plant-based ingredient used in food, obtained from cereals (mainly maize and wheat).
Dextrose is a simple sugar, belonging to the Carbohydrates family.
Dextrose has a caloric value of 4 kcal/g (similar to all other carbohydrates).


Dextrose is produced from starch, through a process that uses water to break down complex carbohydrates into smaller molecules.
In essence, enzymes are added to break down the starch molecules – long chains of bound glucose molecules – into individual glucose/Dextrosemolecules.
The reaction is similar to the digestion mechanism in the human body when one eats food containing starch (e.g. in pasta or potatoes).


Simple sugars can raise blood sugar levels very quickly, and they often lack nutritional value.
Examples of other simple sugars include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Products that are typically made of simple sugars include refined sugar, white pasta, and honey.


Dextrose is also available as an oral gel or in oral tablet form over the counter from pharmacies.
Dextrose is a carbohydrate.
Solutions containing Dextrose provide calories and may be given intravenously in combination with amino acids and fats.


Dextrose is a type of simple sugar made from corn.
Dextrose is similar to fructose and chemically identical to glucose, which is blood sugar.
Simple sugars, including Dextrose, fructose, and glucose, appear in foods such as table sugar, honey, and bread.


Dextrose often appears in foods as an artificial sweetener and ingredients such as fructose corn syrup.
Many bodybuilders add Dextrose tablets or powder to water and drink it following a workout to replenish those glycogen stores as quickly as possible to help with muscle repair.


Intravenous sugar solution, also known as Dextrose solution, is a mixture of dextrose (glucose) and water.
Dextrose solutions for medical use became available in the 1920s and 1930s.
Dextrose is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.


Dextrose is a simple sugar made from starch.
Starch is a naturally occurring complex carbohydrate found in many plants, including corn, wheat, rice, and potato.
The most common source of Dextrose is corn starch.


Dextrose is a simple sugar made from corn or wheat that’s chemically identical to glucose, or blood sugar.
Dextrose’s often used as a sweetener in baking products and is found in processed foods and corn syrup.
Dextrose is a type of sugar that usually comes from corn or wheat.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DEXTROSE:
Dextrose is almost identical to glucose, which is the sugar found in the bloodstream.
For that reason, Dextrose can be quickly used as a source of energy by the human body.
Dextrose is often used in foods as an artificial sweetener or a preservative.


Dextrose is used Alcoholic beverages, Beverages, Bakery, Confectionery, Convenience food, Dairy and ice-cream, and Food ingredients.
Dextrose, when used as a medication, is given either by mouth (orally) or by injection.
Dextrose is also known as D-glucose.


Dextrose is used to treat very low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), most often in people with diabetes mellitus.
Dextrose is given by injection to treat insulin shock (low blood sugar caused by using insulin and then not eating a meal or eating enough food afterward).
Dextrose works by quickly increasing the amount of glucose in your blood.


Glucose is found in foods rich in carbohydrates, such as bread, cereal, potatoes, fruit, pasta, and rice.
Glucose is a source of energy, and all the cells and organs in your body need glucose to function properly.
Dextrose is also used to provide carbohydrate calories to a person who cannot eat because of illness, trauma, or other medical condition.


Dextrose is sometimes given to people who are sick from drinking too much alcohol.
Dextrose may also be used to treat hyperkalemia (high levels of potassium in your blood).
Other uses of Dextrose: Dextrose has a variety of other applications and uses and is an ingredient in many everyday products, including:
bath products, makeup, skin care products, hair care products, and animal feed.


Some bodybuilders use Dextrose as a post-workout supplement to replenish glycogen stores.
Glycogen is a form of glucose that the body stores for energy.
When someone does an intense workout, the body uses up some of Dextrose's stored glycogen.
Dextrose injection is a sterile solution used to provide your body with extra water and carbohydrates (calories from sugar).


Dextrose is used in many different medical conditions.
Pediatric uses of Dextrose: Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of
Dextrose injection in children.


Dextrose is used when a patient is not able to drink enough liquids or when additional fluids are needed.
To improve the flavour of food and drink
You’ll see Dextrose on the ingredients list of many different processed foods.


Being intensely sweet in flavour, Dextrose gives a pleasant taste and palatability to plain foods and cheaper ingredients.
This helps explain the rise of Dextrose in commercial food production.
It is also added to many savoury foods to help disguise high salt content, as the sweetness of the Dextrose balances out a salty flavour.


Dextrose is also used by athletes for instant energy, and in healthcare settings to raise blood sugar and provide emergency hydration and energy.
Dextrose is widely used as an additive to improve the taste and palatability of a wide range of foods and beverages.
Dextrose’s also used by athletes to restore glycogen stores quickly after exercise.


Dextrose is also used in emergency health care to raise blood sugar and provide energy.
The human body can quickly use Dextrose as a source of energy to face peak energy needs, as it is amongst the fastest-acting sources of energy.
Food manufacturers use Dextrose as a liquid or in powder form after it is dried or crystallized.


Dextrose is used to treat low blood sugar or water loss without electrolyte loss.
Water loss without electrolyte loss may occur in fever, hyperthyroidism, high blood calcium, or diabetes insipidus.
Dextrose is also used in the treatment of high blood potassium, diabetic ketoacidosis, and as part of parenteral nutrition.


Dextrose is given by injection into a vein.
High-concentration Dextrose injections are only given by professionals.
These injections are administered to people whose blood sugar may be very low and who cannot swallow Dextrose tablets, foods, or drinks.


If your potassium levels are too high (hyperkalemia), sometimes doctors also give Dextrose injections of 50 percent, followed by insulin intravenously.
This may be done in the hospital setting.
When cells take in extra glucose, they also take in potassium.


This helps to lower a person’s blood potassium levels.
The Dextrose is given to prevent hypoglycemia, while the insulin is treating the elevated potassium.
Dextrose also has medical purposes.


Dextrose is dissolved in solutions that are given intravenously, which can be combined with other drugs, or used to increase a person’s blood sugar.
Because Dextrose is a “simple” sugar, the body can quickly use it for energy.


Dextrose is used to make several intravenous (IV) preparations or mixtures, which are available only at a hospital or medical facility.
Each Dextrose concentration has its own unique uses.
Higher concentrations are typically used as “rescue” doses when someone has a very low blood sugar reading.


-Dextrose in Medicine:
‌Dextrose is sometimes prescribed by doctors alone or combined with other drugs.
Dextrose is usually administered either intravenously (through a vein) or orally.
Doctors use Dextrose to treat low blood sugar and dehydration.‌


-Uses of Dextrose in medicine
Dextrose is used for a variety of reasons, including :
*to quickly treat low blood sugar
*to treat dehydration
*to provide nutrition in combination with amino acids and other substances


-Uses of Dextrose in food:
Dextrose is a sugar that comes from corn and sometimes other plants. Its primary use in food is as a sweetener, especially in baked goods. Because of its wide availability, packaged food also commonly contains Dextrose.
Aside from sweetening food, Dextrose may also help neutralize food that is otherwise very spicy or salty.
Also, some companies add Dextrose to certain products to extend their shelf life.


-Geriatric uses of Dextrose:
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of Dextrose injection in the elderly.
However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related liver, kidney, or heart problems, which may require an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving Dextrose injection.


-As a preservative:
Cultured Dextrose is a type of preservative which inhibits the growth of mould and yeast in food products, extending their shelf life.
Cultured Dextrose was formerly known as preservative 280 (propionic acid) and is a by-product of sugar or milk fermentation alongside probiotic bacteria.


-In healthcare settings:
As it’s so readily absorbed by the body, Dextrose is able to provide rapid energy to patients without them needing to eat or drink.
This is useful in intensive care settings, where Dextrose’s often used intravenously (IV) as part of partial or total parenteral nutrition.

Dextrose is also used in gels, tablets or injections to raise blood sugar in cases – such as with people with diabetes – where it has dropped dangerously low.
Many people with diabetes or hypoglycaemia (very low blood sugar) carry Dextrose tablets to take by mouth to combat low blood sugar.


-To help refuel after exercise:
Dextrose is used in sports drinks, Dextrose tablets and hydration and energy gels.
Dextrose is energy-dense, and thanks to its ability to enter the bloodstream quickly, it can help replenish glycogen stores.
Dextrose is especially important for endurance and long-distance athletes such as cyclists, marathon runners or triathletes.



MEDICAL USES OF DEXTROSE:
Administering a 5% sugar solution peri- and postoperatively usually achieves a good balance between starvation reactions and hyperglycemia caused by sympathetic activation.
A 10% solution may be more appropriate when the stress response from the reaction has decreased, after approximately one day after surgery.

After more than approximately two days, a more complete regimen of total parenteral nutrition is indicated.
In patients with hypernatremia and euvolemia, free water can be replaced using either 5% D/W or 0.45% saline.
In patients with fatty-acid metabolism disorder (FOD), 10% solution may be appropriate upon arrival to the emergency room.



WHAT ARE THE USES OF DEXTROSE?
Dextrose helps provide carbohydrate calories to those unable to eat due to sickness, trauma, or other medical issues.
These are sometimes given to alcoholics who are ill.

Dextrose is used to treat dehydration, hyperkalaemia (increase concentration of potassium in the blood) and hypoglycaemia (decrease blood sugar level).
Dextrose is cheap and readily accessible, making it an excellent choice for hypoglycemic.
Using Dextrose requires careful monitoring of blood sugar levels to prevent high blood sugar symptoms.



WHAT IS DEXTROSE USED FOR IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY?
Besides acting as a sweetener, Dextrose works as a a preservative, extending the shelf life of products and acting as an anti-caking agent.
Dextrose is used in a wide variety of products, including confectionery, baking, beverage and pharmaceutical.

The type of Dextrose used depends on the qualities desired in the end product.
For example, Dextrose anhydrous may be used in baked goods in order to retain their moist texture while Dextrose monohydrate contributes to the crust colour and texture of some baked goods.



WHY DO FOOD MANUFACTURERS USE DEXTROSE INSTEAD OF SUGAR?
Dextrose can function as a preservative and anti-caking agent, contributing to better mouthfeel in desserts as well as its organoleptic features i.e., the aspects of food that determine how you perceive it, that lend to improved colour, texture and taste

Dextrose has a lower sweetness level than refined sugar that creates a milder taste which desired by some manufacturers
Dextrose dilutes to a clear, low turbidity (cloudiness) solution allowing for greater use in a wide range of products
Dextrose is cost competitive.



WHAT IS DEXTROSE USED FOR?
As a simple sugar, Dextrose is used in a number ways.
Dextrose’s used in baking products as a sweetener and even added to medicinal solutions to improve low blood sugar levels.



HOW IS DEXTROSE USED?
Dextrose is used in various concentrations for different purposes.
For example, a doctor may prescribe Dextrose in an IV solution when someone is dehydrated and has low blood sugar.
Dextrose IV solutions can also be combined with many drugs, for IV administration.



DEXTROSE MEDICINE:
This simple sugar, Dextrose, is used medicinally in intravenous solutions, in oral forms or in combination with other drugs to raise a person’s blood sugar levels when they become too low.
Dextrose is also available in tablet or gel forms that are taken by mouth and found over-the-counter.

People who have hypoglycemia and deal with chronic low blood sugar may keep Dextrose tablets or gels on them in case their levels become too low.
When you have very low blood sugar levels, below 70 mg/dL, you may experience signs such as fatigue, sweating, hunger, light-headedness, rapid heart rate and shakiness.

For people who are unable to absorb essential nutrients, solutions containing Dextrose, amino acids and fats may be given intravenously.
This combination of macronutrients is called total parenteral nutrition. Dextrose allows patients to receive the nutrients that they need for survival.
Dextrose is also used to treat dehydration, and it’s sometimes combined with saline in a drip solution.



FOOD USES OF DEXTROSE:
Dextrose is found in corn syrup, which is used to make processed and sweetened foods, including candies, baked goods, pastas, refined cereals and starchy foods.
Just like glucose, fructose and galactose, Dextrose’s a simple sugar and used in many food products — many of which aren’t so good for your health.



OTHER USES OF DEXTROSE:
Some athletes or bodybuilders use Dextrose as a nutritional supplement because it’s high in calories but easy to break down for energy.
Those looking to gain weight and increase muscle may find Dextrose tablets or gels helpful.

Looking at Dextrose vs. maltodextrin, both sugars supply the body with energy and can be broken down quickly.
You may find that Dextrose is less expensive and has a sweeter taste.
There are some dangers to consuming maltodextrin, so using natural sweeteners, like stevia, is a better option.



WHERE AND WHY IS DEXTROSE USED?
Dextrose has a high glycaemic index, which means it quickly increases the blood sugar levels.
Dextrose is therefore an excellent source of energy.
In food, Dextrose is mainly used for its energetic content and low sweetening properties – Dextrose has a lower sweetening power than sucrose.

Dextrose is for example often found in baking products and desserts.
Dextrose is also used as a natural preservative to extend the shelf life of the product to which it is added, like in fruit jams.
Moreover, Dextrose is commonly used in the medical sector, in numerous intravenous preparations.

Dextrose is also used as an oral gel or tablet available over the counter in pharmacies.
People suffering from diabetes can use Dextrose tablets or gels to raise their blood sugar levels quickly.
Whenever used in food, Dextrose is labelled as such on the product’s packaging.



DEXTROSE: BEYOND BAKED GOODS
Dextrose isn’t just a staple in the bakery aisle of your local market.
Dextrose can also be found in hospitals, where it’s used to treat several conditions, including:
*dangerously low blood sugar
*dehydration
*lack of nutrition (essentially, a solution containing dextrose, amino acids, and fats — called a TPN — is given to help people get nutrients when they can’t get ’em through foods)
*Since it’s “simple” sugar, the body can quickly tap into it for energy — sort of the way a kid taps into their Halloween stash and then spins like the Tasmanian Devil for 24 hours.



FUNCTIONAL BENEFITS OF DEXTROSE:
*Reducing sugar
*Maillard reaction
*Crystal form
*Sweetness control
*Heat of solution
*Solubility
*Freezing point
*Osmotic pressure
*Fermentability
*Flavour
*Stability
*Bulking agent



NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS OF DEXTROSE:
*Energy management
*Mental performance and well-being



IS DEXTROSE BAD FOR YOUR HEALTH?
When used by an athlete after strenuous exercise, or by a medical professional in a clinical setting, Dextrose can be highly beneficial – even life-saving.
Dextrose helps stabilise very low blood sugar and can provide vital energy in an instant.



IS DEXTROSE BETTER THAN SUGAR?
Dextrose has the same number of calories as table sugar – 4 calories per gram.
Remember, Dextrose is chemically the same as glucose, or blood sugar, so it’s not considered any healthier or better for you.



WHAT DOES DEXTROSE DO IN THE BODY?
Dextrose behaves the same way as pure glucose in the body.
All foods are converted to glucose by the body, some at a more rapid rate than others.

Dextrose is converted rapidly into glucose (blood sugar) and has a high glycaemic index (GI) – the scale which measures how quickly a food or drink raises the levels of sugar in the blood.
This is because Dextrose only has one molecule, so there’s no chain for the body to break down.

Longer chain molecules, such as proteins, take longer to be broken down by the body and as a result, don’t cause the blood sugar to spike in the way that single molecules like Dextrose do.
Like all simple sugars, Dextrose has a sweet taste which our brains consider ‘rewarding’.
This makes us seek out its pleasant taste and eat more than we otherwise might – a phenomenon which has been compared to addiction.



IS DEXTROSE GOOD OR BAD FOR YOU?
The body breaks down simple sugars very quickly to use them for energy.
If someone consumes too much simple sugar, the body will store any extra as fat.

While the body does need some simple sugars for energy, consuming too much can lead to increased risk of the following:
*weight gain
*heart disease
*diabetes
*acne and other skin problems
*low energy
*depression
Even so, there are times when using Dextrose benefits an individual more than it harms.



WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GLUCOSE & DEXTROSE?
There are 3 main forms of sugar we typically consume – glucose, fructose and sucrose.
Sugars are an important source of energy for the human body as well as an essential additive in many food preparation processes.

Glucose and Dextrose are basically the same thing.
The names “Glucose” and “Dextrose” are often used interchangeably.
Formally known as Dextrose Monohydrate or D-Glucose, Dextrose is the most common type of glucose.



DEXTROSE VS GLUCOSE:
What’s the difference between Dextrose and glucose?
There isn’t a real difference between the two sugars, which is why the terms are often used interchangeably.
As previously mentioned, Dextrose and glucose are chemically identical and behave the same way in the body.

The subtle difference between them is:
*Dextrose refers to the molecule as it appears in food, or as a powder or solution to be taken by mouth (e.g. tablets) or intravenously (e.g. via a drip in hospital)
*glucose refers to the molecule once Dextrose’s entered the bloodstream as blood sugar
*In terms of where it sits on the sweetness scale, Dextrose is less sweet than sucrose, fructose and glucose, but sweeter than lactose and maltose.



TAKING DEXTROSE SUPPLEMENTS IN SPORT AND EXERCISE:
Supplementing with Dextrose could potentially give your exercise performance a real boost.
One study from 2006 found that supplementing with Dextrose drinks after every practice session for eight weeks improved the performance among the participants, a group of 31 female college rowers.
Dextrose emerged superior to the other type of sugar used in the study, ribose.



CAN DEXTROSE HELP YOU IN YOUR WORKOUTS?
Because Dextrose takes such a short time to be converted to energy by the body, you’ll get an energy boost as soon as you’ve consumed Dextrose.
Dextrose is also calorie-dense, which is why it’s used by bodybuilders and those looking to gain weight during their training.

Usually, we’re taught to avoid simple sugars which have this instant energising effect in favour of complex carbohydrates, like whole grains and vegetables, which offer a slower release of energy.
But when you’re running a marathon or powering through a 90-minute gym session, you need something a little more rapid.
This is why Dextrose supplementation is useful for athletes and those participating in endurance sports.

Glycogen stores (the body’s energy reserves) become depleted during exercise, and Dextrose can quickly restore them, helping you work out harder and for longer.
Dextrose can be taken in tablet form, as well as in sports drinks, gels and as powder added to protein shakes or water.
You can take Dextrose either during training, or directly after a session.



WHICH FOODS CONTAIN DEXTROSE?
Dextrose is found naturally in some foods including:
*Honey
*Medjool dates
*Dried apricots
*Raisins
*High-starch foods such as potatoes are converted to Dextrose in the body



DEXTROSE IS ADDED BY THE MANUFACTURERS TO A LARGE RANGE OF PROCESSED FOODS, INCLUDING:
*Cakes
*Crisps
*Sweets
*Chewing gum
*Refined breakfast cereals
*Ready-made meals
*Ice cream
*Sauces
*Salad dressings
*Cured meats
*Bread
*Soups
*Juice drinks
*Yoghurt
*Long-life baked goods



NATURALLY OCCURRING SUGARS, DEXTROSE:
Dextrose is a form of glucose found in naturally occurring foods such as corn, fruits, and honey.
Whilst Dextrose, sucrose and fructose are all simple sugars, the impact each has on blood sugar levels varies can vary.
Due its molecular make up, Dextrose scores 100 on the glycaemic index as it raises blood glucose levels very quickly.

Comparatively, sucrose and fructose score 65 and 19 on the GI scale.
Dextrose is also about 20% less sweet tasting than sucrose, which is why sucrose is often used as a sweetener in processed foods.

According to the Sugar Association, the majority of Dextrose in foods is derived from corn starch.
You can find Dextrose in many foods, desserts, drinks, snacks, and baked products.
Dextrose is especially favoured in the food industry for its swelling and preservative benefits while leaving the end product moderately sweet.

This makes dextrose the most efficient source of energy for the body, as unlike other simple sugars, dextrose can be absorbed directly into the blood stream to elevate blood sugar levels, making it a fast-acting treatment for diabetics and people suffering from hypoglycaemia.



INCREASING YOUR BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL WITH DEXTROSE:
Dextrose is identical to glucose (the names can be used interchangeably) and effective for managing low blood sugar.
People with hypoglycaemia or diabetes can be given Dextrose orally or intravenously to raise their blood sugar levels very quickly.



WHAT IS DEXTROSE?
IS DEXTROSE SUGAR?
Yes, Dextrose is a simple sugar that’s derived from corn.
Dextrose consists of one molecule of sugar, making it a carbohydrate that’s called a simple sugar.



DEXTROSE VS. GLUCOSE:
Chemically, Dextrose’s identical to glucose.
So are Dextrose and glucose the same thing?
The term Dextrose is used when glucose is produced from corn.
Being that it is biochemically identical to glucose, Dextrose’s sometimes used medically to raise a person’s blood sugar levels when they are too low.



IS DEXTROSE HEALTHIER THAN SUGAR?
Well, Dextrose’s a simple sugar that’s often used to sweeten packaged and processed foods.
Both Dextrose and table sugar supply the body with energy, but they affect blood sugar levels differently.

Dextrose is water-soluble and dissolves quickly.
This is one reason why it’s often used to raise blood sugar levels.
While digestive enzymes are needed to break down sucrose, or table sugar, into single molecules, Dextrose is ready to be absorbed immediately.



PREPARATIONS OF DEXTROSE:
The simple sugar, Dextrose is used in some medical solutions to raise blood sugar levels, treat dehydration and provide nutrition to patients unable to absorb macronutrients.
You can find Dextrose in many forms, including as tablets, gels and Dextrose powder.
Dextrose injections are commonly used to immediately raise a person’s blood sugar levels or to treat dehydration.



IS DEXTROSE VEGAN?
Large scale, commercially produced Dextrose for food manufacturing may be classified as vegan since it is produced from non-animal feedstock and no animal residues are used in the production process or present in the end product.



WHAT IS CULTURED DEXTROSE?
Contrary to Dextrose, which is classed as vegan, there is cultured dextrose which like Dextrose is also a food additive that is found in a variety of foods, and is used in much the same way : as a preservative to extend shelf life.

Being cultured this is a fermented food product that is produced by combining Dextrose with the bacteria Propionibacterium freudenreichii.
The bacteria is considered safe and naturally occurring within some dairy foods such as milk, however it has not yet been properly studied for safety and so does not have GRAS status – which is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designation that a chemical or substance that has been added to a food has been scrutinised by experts to be considered safe for use.

So whilst cultured dextorse will improve the shelf life of foods by inhibiting growth of bacteria, yeast and other microorganisms, there have been cases where people who are lactose intolerant have unknowingly ingested foods that have been preserved with cultured Dextrose because milk was not listed on the ingredients label.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DEXTROSE:
Appearance Form: liquid
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available

Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility at 20 °C: soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of DEXTROSE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DEXTROSE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DEXTROSE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DEXTROSE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DEXTROSE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DEXTROSE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available


DEXTROSE

Dextrose, also known as glucose or grape sugar, is a simple sugar and monosaccharide.
Dextrose is one of the most common naturally occurring sugars and is found in many plants and fruits, including grapes and corn.
Dextrose is an important source of energy for living organisms and plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism.

CAS Number: 50-99-7
EC Number: 200-075-1

Synonyms: D-glucose, Grape sugar, Corn sugar, Blood sugar, Dextrose monohydrate, Dextroglucose, D-glucopyranose, α-D-glucose, Glucose monohydrate, Glucose syrup, Glucose anhydrous, Glucose powder, D-Glc, Dextrose sugar, Dextrose solution, Dextrose injection, Glucosan, Dextroglucan, Starch sugar, Starch syrup, Corn syrup, Liquid glucose, Glucose liquid, Glucodin, Glucofix, Dex4, D-Glucose, Glucopyranose, Dextropur, Glucosteril, Glucoplus, Dexycol, Glucorix, Dexnet, Glucorin, Dexol, Dexose, Glucotrol, Glucogin, Dexatrim, Glucopress, Glucosamin, Dexace, Glucoderm, Glucosique, Glucostatic, Glucosic, Glucotest, Glucosamine, Dexosal, Glucosol, Glucosoral, Glucosolv, Glucosolve, Glucoster, Glucostripe, Glucosules, Dexolive, Glucosweet, Glucosyl



APPLICATIONS


Dextrose is commonly used as a sweetening agent in various food and beverage products, including soft drinks, candies, and baked goods.
Dextrose is added to food products to enhance sweetness, improve flavor, and provide a source of energy.

Dextrose is used in the production of carbonated beverages, providing a sweet taste and contributing to the carbonation process.
In baking, dextrose is used to feed yeast and promote fermentation, resulting in leavened bread and other baked goods.

Dextrose is a key ingredient in sports drinks, energy bars, and recovery drinks, providing a source of quick energy for athletes during exercise.
Dextrose is used in the formulation of infant formulas and baby foods to provide essential nutrients and energy for growing infants.
Dextrose is added to pharmaceutical formulations, such as tablets, capsules, and syrups, as a diluent or filler.

In medical applications, dextrose is used in intravenous (IV) fluids and oral rehydration solutions to treat dehydration and replenish glucose levels.
Dextrose is utilized in fermentation processes to produce ethanol, beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages.

Dextrose is used in the production of confectionery items, such as hard candies, gummies, and chocolate, to provide sweetness and texture.
Dextrose is added to dairy products, including yogurt, ice cream, and flavored milk, to improve taste and mouthfeel.

Dextrose is used in the production of sauces, dressings, and condiments to enhance flavor and provide a source of sweetness.
Dextrose is used in the manufacture of canned fruits and vegetables to preserve color, texture, and flavor.

In the pharmaceutical industry, dextrose is used as a culture medium for microbial growth and fermentation processes.
Dextrose is added to animal feed formulations to provide energy and improve palatability.

Dextrose is used in the production of cosmetics and personal care products as a humectant and moisturizing agent.
Dextrose is employed in laboratory and research applications as a nutrient source for cell culture and microbial growth.
Dextrose is used in the production of bioplastics and biodegradable polymers as a renewable source of carbon.

Dextrose is added to agricultural products, such as fertilizers and plant growth regulators, to improve crop yield and quality.
Dextrose is used in the production of tobacco products, such as cigarettes and cigars, to enhance flavor and burning characteristics.
Dextrose is utilized in the manufacture of adhesive products, such as paper adhesives and wood glues.
Dextrose is used in the textile industry as a sizing agent and dyeing auxiliary in textile processing.

Dextrose is added to pet foods and treats to provide energy and improve palatability for pets.
In the brewing industry, dextrose is used as a priming sugar for bottle conditioning and carbonation.
Dextrose has diverse applications across various industries, serving as a versatile ingredient in food, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and industrial processes.

Dextrose is used in the production of fruit preserves, jams, and jellies to provide sweetness and aid in the gelling process.
Dextrose is added to nutritional supplements and meal replacement products to provide a source of carbohydrates and energy.
Dextrose is used in the production of flavor enhancers and seasonings to balance flavors and improve overall taste.

In the brewing industry, dextrose is used as a fermentable sugar to increase alcohol content and improve fermentation efficiency.
Dextrose is added to dairy alternatives, such as plant-based milk and yogurt, to enhance flavor and texture.
Dextrose is used in the production of frozen desserts, such as ice cream and sorbet, to improve texture and prevent crystallization.

Dextrose is used in the production of pharmaceutical syrups and suspensions as a sweetening agent and vehicle for active ingredients.
Dextrose is employed in the production of nutritional bars, granola bars, and energy snacks as a source of carbohydrates for sustained energy.

Dextrose is added to salad dressings and marinades to provide sweetness and balance acidity.
Dextrose is used in the production of processed meats, such as sausages and deli meats, to improve flavor and texture.
Dextrose is used in the production of baked goods, such as cookies, cakes, and pastries, to provide sweetness and moisture retention.

Dextrose is added to canned fruits and vegetables as a sweetening agent and preservative.
Dextrose is used in the production of chewing gum and breath mints to provide sweetness and enhance flavor release.

Dextrose is employed in the production of pet medications and supplements as a palatability enhancer.
Dextrose is used in the production of oral care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash, to improve flavor and mouthfeel.

Dextrose is added to dietary supplements and sports nutrition products to support muscle recovery and replenish glycogen stores.
Dextrose is used in the production of flavored water and hydration beverages to improve taste and encourage consumption.

Dextrose is employed in the production of nutritional powders and meal replacements as a source of easily digestible carbohydrates.
Dextrose is used in the production of flavored syrups and toppings for desserts and beverages.
Dextrose is added to infant formulas and baby foods to provide essential nutrients and support growth and development.

Dextrose is used in the production of flavored teas and fruit-infused beverages to enhance sweetness and flavor.
Dextrose is employed in the production of snack foods, such as chips and pretzels, to improve flavor and texture.
Dextrose is added to canned soups and sauces to balance flavors and enhance overall taste.

Dextrose is used in the production of nutritional shakes and smoothies as a source of quick energy and carbohydrates.
Dextrose plays a vital role in the formulation of a wide range of food, beverage, and pharmaceutical products, contributing to taste, texture, and nutritional value.

Dextrose serves as a fermentable sugar in brewing and distillation processes, contributing to alcohol production.
Dextrose is often included in sports drinks and energy bars to provide a readily available source of fuel for athletes.

Dextrose is metabolized by enzymes in the body, primarily in the liver and muscles, to produce energy.
Dextrose is an important component of diagnostic tests, such as glucose tolerance tests, used to assess blood sugar levels.
Dextrose is used in pharmaceutical formulations as a diluent or filler in tablets and capsules.

Dextrose is sometimes used as a bulking agent in food products to improve texture and mouthfeel.
Dextrose has a moderate sweetness level, slightly less sweet than sucrose (table sugar) but still pleasant to the taste.

Dextrose is known by various names, including glucose, grape sugar, and corn sugar.
In aqueous solutions, dextrose undergoes mutarotation, converting between its α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose forms.
Dextrose is a vital nutrient for brain function, providing energy for cognitive processes.
Dextrose is metabolized through the glycolytic pathway, yielding pyruvate and ATP as end products.

Dextrose is an important substrate for biosynthesis reactions, serving as a precursor for other carbohydrates and biomolecules.
Dextrose is utilized by cells throughout the body to maintain metabolic homeostasis and support physiological functions.
Dextrose is a versatile and essential sugar with diverse applications in food, medicine, and biochemical processes.



DESCRIPTION


Dextrose, also known as glucose or grape sugar, is a simple sugar and monosaccharide.
Dextrose is one of the most common naturally occurring sugars and is found in many plants and fruits, including grapes and corn.
Dextrose is an important source of energy for living organisms and plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism.

Chemically, dextrose is classified as a hexose sugar, meaning it contains six carbon atoms.
Its molecular formula is C6H12O6.
Dextrose exists in two stereoisomeric forms: D-glucose and L-glucose, with D-glucose being the most biologically significant form.

Dextrose is commonly used as a sweetening agent in the food and beverage industry.
Dextrose is often added to various products, including baked goods, soft drinks, candies, and sports drinks, to enhance sweetness and provide energy.
Dextrose is also used in pharmaceuticals and medical applications, such as intravenous (IV) fluids and oral rehydration solutions, to replenish glucose levels in the body during times of dehydration or low blood sugar.

In addition to its role as a sweetener and energy source, dextrose is used in various industrial applications, such as fermentation processes in the production of ethanol and as a precursor in the synthesis of other organic compounds.

Dextrose is a versatile and widely used sugar with applications ranging from food and beverage production to pharmaceuticals and industrial processes.
Dextrose is a simple sugar that serves as a primary source of energy for living organisms.
Dextrose is a naturally occurring carbohydrate found in various plants and fruits, including grapes and corn.

Chemically, dextrose is classified as a monosaccharide, meaning it consists of a single sugar molecule.
Dextrose is a crystalline, white powder with a sweet taste, similar to that of table sugar.
Dextrose is highly soluble in water, forming a clear, colorless solution when dissolved.

Dextrose is often used as a sweetening agent in a wide range of food and beverage products.
Dextrose provides a quick source of energy and is rapidly absorbed by the body upon consumption.

Dextrose plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism, particularly in glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose for energy production.
Dextrose is an essential component of many physiological processes, including respiration and synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Dextrose is commonly used in medical applications, such as intravenous (IV) fluids and oral rehydration solutions, to treat dehydration and replenish glucose levels.
In baking, dextrose is used to enhance browning and flavor development in bread and other baked goods.



PROPERTIES


Appearance: Dextrose is typically a white, crystalline powder or granules.
Odor: Dextrose is odorless.
Taste: Dextrose has a sweet taste, similar to that of table sugar.
Solubility: Dextrose is highly soluble in water, forming a clear, colorless solution.
Melting Point: The melting point of dextrose varies depending on its form and purity but typically ranges from approximately 146 to 150°C (295 to 302°F).
Boiling Point: Dextrose decomposes before reaching a boiling point.
Density: The density of dextrose can vary, but it is generally around 1.54 g/cm³.
Particle Size: Dextrose is commonly available in fine powder or granular form.
Hygroscopicity: Dextrose may exhibit some degree of hygroscopicity, absorbing moisture from the surrounding environment.
Color: Dextrose is typically white or off-white in color.
Crystal Structure: Dextrose crystals may have a monoclinic or orthorhombic lattice structure.



FIRST AID


Inhalation Exposure:

Symptoms:
Inhalation of dextrose powder or aerosols is unlikely to cause significant adverse effects. However, large amounts of dust may irritate the respiratory tract, leading to coughing or throat irritation.

Immediate Actions:
Move the affected person to a well-ventilated area to breathe fresh air.
If respiratory symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention for further evaluation.
Provide respiratory support if breathing difficulties occur, and ensure that the airway remains clear.

Skin Contact:

Symptoms:
Direct contact with dextrose powder or solutions is unlikely to cause significant skin irritation. However, prolonged contact with concentrated solutions may lead to mild irritation or dermatitis in sensitive individuals.

Immediate Actions:
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water to remove any traces of dextrose.
Rinse the skin with plenty of water and pat dry with a clean cloth.
If skin irritation persists or develops, seek medical advice for appropriate treatment.

Eye Contact:

Symptoms:
Contact with dextrose powder or solutions may cause mild irritation, redness, or discomfort in the eyes.

Immediate Actions:
Flush the eyes with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easily removable, during rinsing.
Seek medical attention promptly for further evaluation and treatment, especially if symptoms persist or worsen.

Ingestion:

Symptoms:
Ingestion of dextrose powder or solutions is generally considered safe and is unlikely to cause significant adverse effects.

Immediate Actions:
If small amounts of dextrose are ingested accidentally, no specific treatment is required.
Encourage the affected person to drink plenty of water to dilute the dextrose and aid in its digestion.
If large amounts are ingested or if symptoms of discomfort develop, seek medical advice for further evaluation and guidance.


General Measures:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and safety goggles, when handling dextrose to minimize skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in work areas to minimize inhalation exposure to dextrose dust or aerosols.

Storage:
Store dextrose products in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

Handling Precautions:
Follow safe handling procedures outlined in safety data sheets (SDS) and product labels to minimize exposure risks.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, when handling dextrose to minimize skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection, such as a dust mask or respirator, if working with dextrose in powdered form and in poorly ventilated areas.
Avoid inhalation of dextrose dust or aerosols and minimize exposure by implementing engineering controls and safe handling practices.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in work areas to minimize the accumulation of dextrose dust and maintain air quality.
Use local exhaust ventilation systems or fume hoods to capture and remove airborne particles generated during handling operations.
Avoid generating dust clouds by using handling and transfer methods that minimize the release of particles into the air.

Handling Precautions:
Handle dextrose with care to prevent spills, leaks, or releases.
Use suitable tools and equipment, such as scoops or containers with tight-fitting lids, to transfer and store dextrose safely.
Avoid generating static electricity, which can cause dust accumulation and increase the risk of ignition. Ground equipment and containers as necessary.

Storage:
Store dextrose products in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of heat, ignition, and direct sunlight.
Ensure storage facilities are equipped with adequate containment measures, such as spill trays or bunds, to contain spills and prevent environmental contamination.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.
Store dextrose away from incompatible substances, such as strong oxidizing agents and reactive metals, to prevent chemical reactions.


Storage:

Temperature and Humidity:
Maintain storage temperatures within recommended ranges (typically below 30°C or 86°F) to prevent degradation or caking of dextrose products.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures or humidity, which may affect the stability and quality of dextrose.
Monitor storage conditions regularly to ensure compliance with recommended temperature and humidity ranges.

Container Handling:
Use containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass, for storing dextrose.
Check containers for signs of damage, leakage, or deterioration before storing dextrose products and replace damaged containers as necessary.
Label all containers with the chemical name, concentration, hazard warnings, and handling precautions to ensure proper identification and safe handling.

Segregation:
Store dextrose away from food, feed, and beverages to prevent accidental contamination.
Segregate dextrose from incompatible substances, such as acids, bases, and oxidizing agents, to prevent chemical reactions and potential hazards.

Inventory Management:
Implement a first-in, first-out (FIFO) inventory system to ensure older stocks are used before newer ones.
Keep accurate records of inventory levels, including dates of receipt, usage, and expiration dates, to prevent overstocking or shortages.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas containing dextrose to authorized personnel only.
Implement security measures, such as locked cabinets or access controls, to prevent unauthorized access, tampering, or theft.

Emergency Preparedness:
Develop and maintain emergency response plans for handling spills, leaks, or accidents involving dextrose.
Ensure personnel are trained on emergency procedures and have access to emergency response equipment, such as spill kits and personal protective gear.

DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE
As a nutrient Dextrose monohydrate is a carbohydrate source.
Dextrose monohydrate is a simple sugar produced by the hydrolysis of starch.


CAS Number: 14431-43-7
EC Number: 218-914-5
MDL number: MFCD00149450
Molecular Formula: C6H14O7
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C6H12O6 · H2O



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Dextrose Monohydrate is Odorless.
Dextrose monohydrate is an excellent binder.
Dextrose monohydrate is a water-soluble.


Dextrose monohydrate is a white, crystalline powder.
In a tablet, Dextrose Monohydrate will work as a sweetener.
Dextrose Monohydrate is a constituent of glycogen, starch and cellulose.


Dextrose monohydrate is just like common sugar.
The Dextrose monohydrate you receive will be in a powder form.
At room temperature, Dextrose monohydrate will remain in crystalline form.


Dextrose monohydrate will dissolve in water and is slightly soluble in ethanol.
Dextrose monohydrate is the monohydrate form of D-glucose, a natural monosaccharide and carbohydrate.
Dextrose monohydrate serves to replenish lost nutrients and electrolytes.


Solutions containing Dextrose monohydrate restore blood glucose levels, provide calories, may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing action.
Dextrose monohydrate also plays a role in the production of proteins and in lipid metabolism.


Dextrose monohydrate is a primary source of energy for living organisms.
Dextrose monohydrate is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state.
Dextrose monohydrate provides sweetness and energy in an extensive variety of food applications.


Dextrose monohydrate is the monomer of the starch chain (polymers). Glucose is also the sugar naturally present in the human body.
Dextrose monohydrate provides key excipient and nutrient benefits as a filler/binder and as a carbohydrate source.
Dextrose monohydrate is the monomer of natural starch polymer.


Dextrose monohydrate is also the natural physiological sugar in the human body.
Dextrose monohydrate may be the sweetener that you're looking for. Its wide selection of purposes helps make Dextrose monohydrate an ingredient consumers will be happy to see on the list of ingredients.


Dextrose monohydrate may well present the perfect sweetener for your product.
Dextrose Monohydrate provides the body with water and sugar.
Dextrose monohydrate supplies four calories per gram and contains 9% water by weight.


Dextrose Monohydrate and its many uses have resulted in a refined manufacturing process.
Corn starch, where glucose comes from, is a chain composed of Dextrose monohydrate chains.
Hydrolysis is a process that works to break down these chains and create Dextrose monohydrate in a bulk.


A common way to do this is to treat starch with the enzymes amylase, or treatment with acid, which imitates the processes that occur naturally.
In the body, digestion of starch starts in the mouth with saliva, or enzyme amylase.
Manufacturers have taken the natural process and replicated Dextrose monohydrate in their own production methods.


Dextrose Monohydrate has long been providing humans a satisfying flavor in their meals.
If used properly Dextrose monohydrate can help people by providing energy and fluids.
Consumers will swallow a pill with ease if they have a sweetener to look forward to.


Dextrose Monohydrate will also fit easily into many formulas because of its inertness.
If you are familiar with Greek etymology, you will have figured out that Dextrose monohydrate is a dextrose compound that does not contain a water molecule.
In the manufacturing industry, Dextrose monohydrate contains <1% moisture compared to monohydrate which contains <10%.


Dextrose monohydrate, also known as D-Glucose Monohydrate, is a natural monosaccharide and carbohydrate; a simple sugar that is roughly 20-30% less sweet than refined sugar (sucrose).
This cornstarch-sourced material, Dextrose monohydrate is an odorless, white crystalline powder with a sweet flavor profile.


Dextrose monohydrate may be used in place of Sucrose for a milder sweet flavor and fewer calories, in common culinary items such as baked goods, powdered beverages, syrups, ice cream, and glazes.
Nutraceutical and sports nutrition manufacturers may opt to replace regular sugar or other alternative sweeteners with Dextrose monohydrate.


Additionally, Dextrose monohydrate is often found in products to act as a binding agent such as in oral capsules.
Dextrose monohydrate is a healthier substitue for sugar, fructose and sucrose.
Dextrose monohydrate is also known to lessen baking time with faster rising and browning effects than similar ingredients.


Given that Dextrose monohydrate is less sweet, use about 2 times as much in recipes such as: Tea, coffee, shakes, brewing, wine, fruits, baking, cookies, brownies, cake, doughnuts and bread.
Dextrose monohydrate is a white crystalline powdered sugar obtained from the complete hydrolysis of corn starch.


Dextrose monohydrate is a sugar that's a stable, odorless, white crystalline powder or colorless crystal.
In its pure form, it has a Dextrose monohydrate equivalency (DE) of 100, which indicates that it's 100% pure Dextrose monohydrate, not a mixture with other substances as well.


Dextrose monohydrate, Powder, Reagent, also known as D-glucose, is a sugar that's a stable, odorless, white crystalline powder or colorless crystal.
Dextrose monohydrate is the fundamental monomer of all starchy products.
The Reagent grade denotes that Dextrose monohydrate is the highest quality commercially available and that the American Chemical Society has not officially set any specifications for this material.


Dextrose monohydrate is an organic compound, that is, glucose without crystal water.
Dextrose monohydrate is a colorless crystal or white crystalline powder, odorless and sweet.
Dextrose monohydrate is soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol.


Dextrose monohydrate is a white crystalline powder derived from non-GMO corn.
Dextrose Monohydrate, also known as D-Glucose Monohydrate, is a natural monosaccharide and carbohydrate; a simple sugar that is roughly 20-30% less sweet than refined sugar (sucrose).


This cornstarch-sourced material, Dextrose monohydrate, is an odorless, white crystalline powder with a sweet flavor profile.
Dextrose monohydrate may be used in place of Sucrose for a milder sweet flavor and fewer calories, in common culinary items such as baked goods, powdered beverages, syrups, ice cream, and glazes.


Nutraceutical and sports nutrition manufacturers may opt to replace regular sugar or other alternative sweeteners with Dextrose Monohydrate.
Additionally, Dextrose monohydrate is often found in products to act as a binding agent such as in oral capsules.
Dextrose Monohydrate is a white crystalline powdered sugar produced from demineralized glucose syrup obtained from the complete hydrolysis of corn starch.


Dextrose monohydrate is characterised by a delicate sweetness, high solubility and clarity in solutions, mobility and flow in the dry form.
pH (5% w/v solution) is 4.0 to 6.0, Grits (retained on 1000 micron screen) < 1.0%.
Dextrose monohydrate belongs to a class of drugs called glucose-elevating agents.


Dextrose Monohydrate, more commonly known as glucose, is a simple sugar or monosaccharide.
Chemically, glucose can be made to adopt a number of different forms, although only one, delta-glucose or “right handed glucose” is found in nature.
Dextrose monohydrate is the food industry term for delta-glucose.
Dextrose monohydrate is a 100% natural sugar, found in fruits, vegetables and many manufactured products.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
Applications of Dextrose monohydrate: Oral Dosage for Pharmaceutical and/or Nutraceuticals, Swallowable tablet, Chewable tablets, Effervescent tablets, and Medicated Confectionary.
Dextrose monohydrate can provide benefit to swallowable tablets, chewable tablets, effervescent tablets and medicated confectionaries. As an excipient

Dextrose monohydrate can be used as a filler/binder.
As a nutrient Dextrose monohydrate is a carbohydrate source.
Dextrose monohydrate is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.


Applications of Dextrose monohydrate: Bakery & Snacks, Sweet biscuit & cookie, Bread, Cake and pastry, Filling, custard, décor, and Breakfast cereal.
In Dextrose monohydrate's crystalline form this natural sugar has long been used both as a filler for oral dosage forms and as a sweetener.
Dextrose monohydrate provides metabolic energy and is the primary ingredient in oral rehydration salts (ORS) and is used in intravenous (IV) fluids to provide nutrients to patients under intensive care who are unable to receive them by the oral route.


Dextrose monohydrate is often used by people suffering from low blood sugar.
In a tablet, Dextrose monohydrate can supply energy to a user.
Dextrose monohydrate is used in medicines and the food industry.


Dextrose Monohydrate is a "reducing sugar" and is used in many food stuffs.
The elements that affect food are also applicable to a tablet.
Dextrose Monohydrate can improve the quality of your tablet and provide a pleasant taste.


Dextrose monohydrate is economically priced and safe for consumption on a regular basis.
Dextrose monohydrate can provide benefit to swallowable tablets, chewable tablets, effervescent tablets and medicated confectionaries. As an excipient Dextrose monohydrate can be used as a filler/binder.


With its pleasant, clean and sweet taste, Dextrose monohydrate has been used for years as a sweetener in a wide range of food applications.
Dextrose monohydrate is one of the sweetest of the starch derived sugars.
On a scale on which sucrose is assigned a sweetness value of 100, Dextrose monohydrate is rated at 75.


Dextrose monohydrate is used in the production of baked goods, candy and gum, creams and frozen dairy products (like some ice-creams and frozen yogurts), alcoholic beverages, jarred and canned foods.
Dextrose monohydrate is used as energy food by convalescing patient, sportsperson, children etc. and known to give instant energy and vigour.


Dextrose monohydrate is used in fruit and vegetable processing to help keep them fresh.
Dextrose monohydrate's also used in dehydration.
Dextrose monohydrate is used as a preservative as it doesn't alter the natural flavor of the food, especially compared to using sugar, another useful preservative.


Dextrose monohydrate is a sweetner with sweetness of about 75% of the sucrose.
Dextrose monohydrate is used as flavour to the food preparations when added alone or in combination with other weetener.
Dextrose monohydrate is the simplest carbon source monosaccharide and used extensively in fermentation process for rapid growth with excellent yield, no non-fermentable sugars, low level of trace minerals organics, few leftovers to purify and consistency.


Dextrose monohydrate is used in extending shelf life of many food products.
Dextrose monohydrate is a type of simple sugar that is derived from corn starch.
Dextrose monohydrateis commonly used in the food and beverage industry as a sweetener and a source of energy.


Overall, Dextrose Monohydrate is a versatile ingredient that has a wide range of applications in various industries.
Dextrose monohydrate is commonly used as a sweetener and a source of energy in food and beverage products, as well as a filler in pharmaceuticals.
Its ability to provide quick energy makes Dextrose monohydrate a valuable ingredient in sports drinks and other energy supplements.


Dextrose monohydrate is extensively used in food industry and can provide support in replacing sucrose in baking, dairy products, canned products, chewing gum and preserves.
Other than this, Dextrose monohydrate is also used in beverage powders, in caramel coloring and other compositions where it supports extended shelf life of the products.


The presence of Dextrose monohydrate also supports keeping powdered beverage drinks free flowing.
Dextrose monohydrate is used RTD or Powdered Beverages, Nutritional & Snack Bars, Bakery Products, Confectionery products, Seasoning, Sauces, Dressings & Spreads, and Meats.


Dextrose monohydrate can be used for sweetening, texturizing, moisture retention, as a bulking agent or as a carrier/excipient in a wide variety of food and supplement applications.
Dextrose monohydrate is a common natural sugar involved in processes such as energy production, glycosylation, and formation of glycans that provide structure to cells.


Dextrose monohydrate is involved in a detrimental process in cells called glycation.
Dextrose monohydrate is used as a supplement for cell culture and in numerous cellular processes.
Dextrose monohydrate is used in applications such as ice creams and sorbets to inhibit crystallisation and lower sugar content as well as to provide flexibility in rolled fondant.


Dextrose monohydrate is also used in baked goods to
promote browning and to extend the shelf life and colour of prepared foods.
As the basic elements and medical raw materials of human body, the product has universal functions and uses, and can be directly applied to human body, food processing, pharmaceutical and chemical industries.


Dextrose monohydrate can increase energy and endurance, and can be used as a supplement for hypoglycemia, cold, fever, dizziness, weakness of limbs and myocarditis.
Key Applications of Dextrose monohydrate: Energy production | Glycosylation | Formation of glycans that provide structure to cells | Used as a supplement for cell culture.


Dextrose monohydrate has been used as a component of dielectrophoretic buffer for conductivity measurements.
Dextrose monohydrate is used for the administration into rats for Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test (IPGTT).
Dextrose monohydrate is used as a component of Dulbecco′s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) for the cultivation of osteoblasts


Dextrose monohydrate is used to treat low blood sugar levels.
Dextrose monohydrate is used for screening gestational diabetes mellitus.
Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) occurs when blood glucose (sugar) drops below a healthy range.


Dextrose monohydrate contains Dextrose, a simple sugar that works by quickly increasing blood sugar levels and helps to treat low blood sugar in diabetic patients.
Dextrose monohydrate is used Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar), and Gestational diabetes mellitus.


-Applications of Dextrose monohydrate:
• Bakery & Snacks (Salty Snacks, Sweet biscuit & cookie, Fillings, custards & decors, Cake & pastry)
• Beverages (Powdered beverages)
• Confectionery (Compressed tablet, Chewy sweets & marshmallow, Wine gums & jellies)
• Dairy (Ice Cream)
• Savory (Meat, Seafood, Soup, Sauce, Seasoning)
• Specialized nutrition (Sports nutrition & weight management)


-Sugar Substitute:
One of the primary uses of Dextrose Monohydrate is as a sweetener in various food products, such as baked goods, confectionery, and beverages.
Dextrose monohydrate is also commonly used in the production of sports drinks and other energy supplements, as it provides a quick source of energy for the body.


-Pharmaceutical industry:
In the pharmaceutical industry, Dextrose Monohydrate is often used as a diluent or a filler in tablets and capsules.
Dextrose monohydrate is also used as an ingredient in some intravenous (IV) solutions, as it can help to maintain blood sugar levels in patients who are unable to eat or drink.


-Sports nutrition:
Dextrose Monohydrate is commonly used in sports nutrition products as a source of quick energy.
Dextrose monohydrate is often added to pre-workout supplements and energy drinks to provide a boost of energy before a workout


-Personal care products:
In addition to its uses in food, beverages, and pharmaceuticals, Dextrose Monohydrate has a variety of other applications.
Dextrose monohydrate is sometimes used in the production of personal care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash.


-Industrial uses:
Dextrose Monohydrate is used in a variety of industrial applications, such as in the production of ethanol, adhesives, and paper products.
Dextrose monohydrate can also be used as a food additive to improve texture and stability.
Dextrose monohydrate is used in the production of adhesives and paper products.



FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
Dextrose monohydrate is widely used in medicine and food industry.
In medicine, oral liquid or intravenous injection can be used as a nutritional supplement.
The food industry can be used as a sweetener in the preparation of biological culture medium and pharmaceutical industry.
Dextrose monohydrate can also be used as a restorer, sugar and biological culture.



HOW AND WHERE IS DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE MADE?
India, China, Australia and the USA are major producers of dextrose.
Dextrose monohydrate is made by breaking down corn starch.

Starch is extracted from corn kernels/grains through wet milling in the following process:
*Softened corn kernels are heated to high temperatures and milled to produce a slurry
*Oil germ, proteins and other impurities are filtered out so only liquid starch remains
*Liquidised starch is hydrolysed (broken down with water) by an amylase enzyme into Dextrose monohydrate molecules, in large saccharification tanks
*Dextrose monohydrate is purified and dehydrated.



FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
*Make Dextrose monohydrate indulgent
*Sweetness
*Optimize my formulation
*Anti-crystallization & freezing point depression
*Make it better and healthier
*Energy management



OTHER PROPERTIES AND BENEFITS OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
*White crystalline powder
*Neutral odor and sweet taste
*Sweetening power: 70% that of sugar
*Caloric value: 3.64 kcal/g
*Cryprotectant



WHAT IS DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE AND WHY IS DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE IN MY FOOD?
Dextrose monohydrate is one of two derivatives of dextrose used in the food manufacturing industry, the other being dextrose anhydrous.
Dextrose monohydrate is used as a sweetener in confectioneries, baking, desserts, and beverages and as an additive in pharmaceuticals and supplements.
Dextrose monohydrate's lower sweetening strength than sugar and dissolves into clear solution, providing flexibility of flavour and colour that manufacturers desire for a wide variety of products.



FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
*Excipient
*Filler or Filler/Binder
*Nutrients
*Carbohydrate Source



FEATURES OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
*Easy to digest
*Safe to consume
*Longer shelf life
*Non-GMO
*Gluten Free



OTHER PROPERTIES AND BENEFITS OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
*Multicompendial
*Excipact certified (site specific)
*Additional Information



Functional Properties of Dextrose monohydrate:
• Indulgence (Sweetness, Anti-crystallization & freezing point depression)
• Better for you (Energy)



MEDICINAL BENEFITS OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
Dextrose monohydrate contains Dextrose, a simple sugar.
The tablet form is used to treat low blood sugar levels.
The powder form is used for screening gestational diabetes mellitus.
The plasma glucose level is checked after 2 hours of consumption.
Dextrose monohydrate works by quickly increasing blood sugar levels and helps to treat low blood sugar in diabetic patients.



THE GLOBAL DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE MARKET:
The global Dextrose monohydrate market is currently valued at US$ 4.5 billion and is forecasted to grow at value of 4.5% CAGR, a valuable increase considering CAGR was 3.6% during 2017-2021, with a top valuation of $7 billion by 2032.
By value, dextrose monohydrate consumption accounts for 5% share of the global sweeteners market.

The share value of the top five countries equals to 61% of the world consumption being North America (40%), followed by Latin America, Europe and East Asia. The growth and expanded use of dextrose monohydrate is due to its natural organoleptic characteristics for keeping beverage, confectionery, and bakery items fresh for a longer period, hence more appealing, as well as customer preferences for natural sweeteners is rising.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
Molecular Weight: 198.17 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 198.07395278 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 198.07395278 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 119Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 138
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

CAS Number: 14431-43-7
Molecular Weight: 198.17
Beilstein: 5250278
EC Number: 218-914-5
MDL number: MFCD00149450
Appearance Form: powder
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: 6 - 7 at 100 g/l at 20 °C
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: ca.83 °C
Initial boiling point: and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: No data available

Water solubility: 1.000 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -3,29 - (anhydrous substance), Bioaccumulation is not
expected.
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Solubility in other:
solvents: Ethanol at 20 °C- slightly soluble
IdentificationPositive for Dextrose
Clarity 10% SolutionClear
Retention on 30 #10% Maximum

Specific Volume135 – 150ml / 100 gm
Loss on Drying %7.5 – 9.5
Acidity (5.0 gm Sample)1.25 ml of N/50 NaOH Max.
Sulphated Ash %0.1 maximum
Sulphur Dioxide ppm20 Maximum
Dextrose Content %99.5 – 100
Optical Rotation+52.5o to 53.0o
Appearance :Powder
Physical State :Solid
Solubility :Soluble in water (1000 mg/ml at 20° C),
alcohol (16.67 mg/ml), and acetone (very slightly).
Insoluble in diethyl ether.
Storage :Store at room temperature
Boiling Point :410.8° C at 760 mmHg (Predicted)
Density :1.54 g/cm3 at 25° C
Refractive Index :n20D ~1.64 (Predicted)

Optical Activity :α20D 49±3, c = 10 in water
SYNONYMS: D-(+)-Glucose monohydrate
CAS NUMBER: 14431-43-7
MOLECULAR FORMULA: C6H12O6·H2O
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 198.171 g/mol
EC NUMBER: 218-914-5
CAS: 77938-63-7
Molecular Formula: C6H14O7
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 198.17
MDL Number: MFCD00149450
InChI Key: SPFMQWBKVUQXJV-UHFFFAOYNA-N
IUPAC Name: 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal hydrate
SMILES: O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O
IUPAC: 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;hydrate
INCI: -



FIRST AID MEASURES of DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:KCL 741 Dermatril® L
*Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep in a dry place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE
DESCRIPTION:
Dextrose Monohydrate is the monohydrate form of D-glucose, a natural monosaccharide and carbohydrate.
Dextrose serves to replenish lost nutrients and electrolytes.
The agent provides metabolic energy and is the primary ingredient in oral rehydration salts (ORS) and is used in intravenous (IV) fluids to provide nutrients to patients under intensive care who are unable to receive them by the oral route.

CAS: 77938-63-7
European Community (EC) Number: 616-580-9
IUPAC Name: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;hydrate
Molecular Formula: C6H14O7


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
Molecular Weight 198.17
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 7
Rotatable Bond Count 5
Exact Mass 198.07395278
Monoisotopic Mass 198.07395278
Topological Polar Surface Area 119 Ų
Heavy Atom Count 13
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 138
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Component: 100% Dextrose
Appearance: White and crystalline powder, without the impurity that can be seen by eye
Taste: special sweet, no odor tastes
Odor: With flavor of Dextrose Monohydrate, no odor smell
Dextrose Equivalent Dry Matter%: ≥99.0
Specific Rotation (°): 52.0-53.6
Moisture % (m/m): ≤10
PH: 4.0-6.5
CAS No.5996-10-1
ChemSpider ID: 18532158
Molecular Formula: C6H14O7
Average mass: 198.171204 Da
Monoisotopic mass: 198.073959 Da
Flash Point: 326,9 ° C
Boiling Point: 760 mmHg 616,9 ° C
H-link donors: 7
Polar Area: 127,45 Å 2
Molar Crushing: cm3
Polarization: 10-24cm3
Density: g / cm3
Evaporation enthalpy: 104,91 kJ / mol
Vapor pressure: 8.45E-18 mmHg at 25 ° C
Other names: Glucose, 2,3,4,5 tetrol

Microbiological Analysis:
As mg/kg: ≤1.0
Pb mg/kg: ≤0.5
Sulfur Dioxide Resudual mg/kg: ≤30
Total Plate Count: ≤3000
Coliforms MPN/100g: ≤30
Pathogenic Bacterium: Does not exist
Assay (HPLC, anhydrous substance): 97.5 - 102.0 %
Specific rotation C=10iNH₂O,calculatedto ANHydr.Substances: 52.5 - 53.3 °
Conductivity 25 °C Max. 20 µS/cm
Water (Karl Fischer): 7.5 - 9.5 %
Sulfated ash: Max. 0.1 %
Acid. or alk. react. Impurities: complying
Aluminium (Al): Max. 0.00005 %
Arsenic (As): Max. 1 ppm
Calcium (Ca): Max. 200 ppm
Lead (Pb): Max. 0.5 ppm
Chloride (Cl): Max. 100 ppm
Sulfate (SO₄): Max. 200 ppm
Sulfite (as SO₂): Max. 10 ppm
Soluble starch, sulfite: complying
Dextrines: complying
Foreign sugars, soluble starch, dextrines: complying
Related substances (HPLC)
Residual solvents: complying
Appearance of the solution: complying

Dextrose (glucose) with chemical formula (C6H8O7.H2O), dextrose monohydrate and anhydrous monohydrate are also known as fumarate.
Dextrose monohydrate is a carbohydrate found in grapes and other fruit juices.

PRODUCTION AND REACTIONS OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
Following the hydrolysis of starch, purification is achieved as a result of processes such as evaporation and crystallization.
Poliflex has 5% dextrose as a solution in water.
Lane and Eynon method is used to determine Dectstrose Equivalent.
Sulphate ash can be determined in the determination of sulphate ash in dextrose monohydrate with other chemicals.

Dextrose monohydrate, known as Edible Glucose, is a white crystalline sweet powder derived from refined corn starch, through enzymatic process.
Solutions containing dextrose restore blood glucose levels, provide calories, may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing action.

Dextrose also plays a role in the production of proteins and in lipid metabolism.
A primary source of energy for living organisms.

Dextrose Monohydrate is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state.
Dextrose Monohydrate is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

APPLICATIONS:
DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE has broad applications throughout the food and beverage industries. Typical applications include bakery products, beverages, dry mixes, confectionery, ice cream, pickles, processed meats and pharmaceutical products.

Tastes 60%-70% of the sweetness of sucrose’s.
Dextrose Monohydrate can be widely used in confectionery, beverages, biscuits, bakery products for better taste, quality and low cost.
Easily dissolved, so it can be widely used in beverages and cold food.

Dextrose Monohydrate can also be used for direct consumption since it can increase physical strength and endurance.
Dextrose Monohydrate can be used as supplementary fluid for patients suffering low blood sugar, fever, dizziness collapse.
Dextrose monohydrate is indispensable nutrient in destabilization.
Dextrose Monohydrate has broad use in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
• Bakery & Snacks
• Sweet biscuit & cookie
• Bread
• Cake and pastry
• Filling, custard, décor
• Breakfast cereal



FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
• Make it indulgent
• Sweetness
• Optimize my formulation
• Anti-crystallization & freezing point depression
• Make it better and healthier
• Energy management

OTHER PROPERTIES AND BENEFITS OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
• White crystalline powder
• Neutral odor and sweet taste
• Sweetening power: 70% that of sugar
• Caloric value: 3.64 kcal/g
• Cryprotectant



USAGE AREAS OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
Health:
Dextrose monohydrate is used as an adjunct by experts in the nutrition of young children, insulin shocks that can be seen in individuals, blood sugar level adjustment and obesity.
Chemistry:
Dextrose monohydrate is formulated with appropriate vitamins and minerals and is used in the preparation of physical stress.
Medicine:
5% Dextrose solution of peripheral blood in human body is used because of iso-osmotic structure with blood

Dextrose Monohydrate will work as a sweetener. Dextrose Monohydrate is a constituent of glycogen, starch and cellulose. It is just like common sugar. The dextrose you receive will be in a powder form. At room temperature, it will remain in crystalline form. It will dissolve in water and is slightly soluble in ethanol.

Dextrose Monohydrate provides the body with water and sugar.
Dextrose Monohydrate supplies four calories per gram and contains 9% water by weight.
Dextrose Monohydrate is often used by people suffering from low blood sugar.
In a tablet, this ingredient can supply energy to a user.

Dextrose Monohydrate is used in medicines and the food industry.
Dextrose Monohydrate is a "reducing sugar" and is used in many food stuffs.
The elements that affect food are also applicable to a tablet.
Dextrose Monohydrate can improve the quality of your tablet and provide a pleasant taste.
Dextrose Monohydrate is economically priced and safe for consumption on a regular basis.

Dextrose Monohydrate and its many uses have resulted in a refined manufacturing process.
Dextrose Monohydrate is a simple sugar produced by the hydrolysis of starch.
Corn starch, where glucose comes from, is a chain composed of dextrose chains.

Hydrolysis is a process that works to break down these chains and create dextrose in a bulk.
A common way to do this is to treat starch with the enzymes amylase, or treatment with acid, which imitates the processes that occur naturally.
In the body, digestion of starch starts in the mouth with saliva, or enzyme amylase.
Manufacturers have taken the natural process and replicated it in their own production methods.

Dextrose Monohydrate has long been providing humans a satisfying flavor in their meals.
If used properly Dextrose Monohydrate can help people by providing energy and fluids.
Consumers will swallow a pill with ease if they have a sweetener to look forward to.
Dextrose Monohydrate will also fit easily into many formulas because of its inertness

Dextrose Monohydrate is moderate in sweetness.
Dextrose Monohydrate is 65-70% as sweet as sucrose and has a solution, which is much less viscous than Liquid Glucose.
Dextrose Monohydrate is freely soluble in water at room temperature and also in boiling alcohol.
Dextrose has a greater depression of freezing point than that of cane sugar, resulting in a smoother and creamier texture of the final products namely frozen food products.

Dextrose Monohydrate, also known as D-Glucose Monohydrate, is a natural monosaccharide and carbohydrate; a simple sugar that is roughly 20-30% less sweet than refined sugar (sucrose).
This cornstarch-sourced material is an odorless, white crystalline powder with a sweet flavor profile.

Dextrose Monohydrate may be used in place of Sucrose for a milder sweet flavor and fewer calories, in common culinary items such as baked goods, powdered beverages, syrups, ice cream, and glazes.
Nutraceutical and sports nutrition manufacturers may opt to replace regular sugar or other alternative sweeteners with Dextrose Monohydrate.
Additionally, this material is often found in products to act as a binding agent such as in oral capsules.


Dextrose monohydrate is a white, crystalline sugar, commercially obtained from the complete hydrolysis of maize starch. Complies to EP standards.
Dextrose monohydrate is characterised by a pleasing delicate sweetness, high solubility and clarity in solutions, mobility and flow in the dry form.
Dextrose monohydrate exhibits high fermentability, osmotic pressure and the ability to extend the shelf life of many products




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.




SYNONYMS OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE:
MeSH Entry Terms
Anhydrous Dextrose
D Glucose
D-Glucose
Dextrose
Dextrose, Anhydrous
Glucose
Glucose Monohydrate
Glucose, (alpha-D)-Isomer
Glucose, (beta-D)-Isomer
Glucose, (DL)-Isomer
Glucose, (L)-Isomer
L Glucose
L-Glucose
Monohydrate, Glucose

Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
Dextrose monohydrate
D-Glucose monohydrate
Glucose Monohydrate
D-Glucose, monohydrate
77938-63-7
5996-10-1
LX22YL083G
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal hydrate
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;hydrate
Dextrose Hydrous
D-glucose,monohydrate
C6H12O6.H2O
UNII-LX22YL083G
glucose hydrate
glucose water
Dextrose hydrate
D-Glucose hydrate
Dianeal PD-2
DIANEAL PD-1
SCHEMBL65210
GLUCOSE HYDRATE [JAN]
SCHEMBL236816
DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE [II]
DTXSID401015224
D-GLUCOSE, HYDRATE (1:1)
GLUCOSE MONOHYDRATE [WHO-DD]
AKOS028109053
GLUCOSE MONOHYDRATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
A832553
Dextrose monohydrate, meets USP testing specifications
Q27283222
D-(+)-Glucose monohydrate, for microbiology, >=99.0%
D-(+)-Glucose monohydrate, tested according to Ph.Eur.
D-(+)-Glucose monohydrate, BioUltra, >=99.5% (HPLC)
Glucose monohydrate, EuropePharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
D-(+)-Glucose monohydrate, meets analytical specification of Ph.??Eur., BP, Ph??Fran??., 7.0-9.5% water(Karl Fischer)



DI ETILEN GLIKOL
DIISONONYL PHTHALATE; DINP; Isononyl alcohol phthalate; DINP; Palatinol DN; Palatinol N; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester; Bis(7-methyloctyl) phthalate; Di(C8-C10) branched alkyl phthalate; Di(isononyl) phthalate branched; Di(C8-10, C9 rich) branched alkyl phthalates; Vestinol 9; Vestinol NN; Vinylcizer 90; Witamol 150 cas no: 28553-12-0
DI İSONONIL FITALAT (DINP)
Di-sec-octyl phthalate; DOP; DIOCTYL PHTHALATE; Bis(2-Etheylexyl) Phthalate; Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate; Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester; Octoil; Ethyl hexyl phthalate; 2-Ethylhexyl phthalate; Di-sec-octyl phthalate; DEHP; Octyl phthalate; phthalic acid dioctyl ester; BEHP cas no: 117-81-7
DI OKTIL FITALAT (DOP)
DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL; Oxybispropanol; Di-sec-alcohol; Bis(2-hydroxy-propyl)ether; CAS NO: 25265-71-8
DI PROPILEN GLIKOL (USP/PHARMA)
Di(propylene glycol) butyl ether; dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether; 2-propanol, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-; butyl dipropasol solvent cas no:29911-28-2
DI PROPILEN GLIKOL BUTIL ETER (DPNB)
DIACETONE ALCOHOL, N° CAS : 123-42-2, Nom INCI : DIACETONE ALCOHOL, Nom chimique : 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-626-7, Classification : Alcool Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit, Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances
DI-(3,5,5-TRIMETHYL HEXANYL) PEROXIDE 75% SOLUTION (NONANOYL PEROXIDE)
DESCRIPTION:
Di-(3,5,5-Trimethyl Hexanyl) Peroxide 75% Solution (Nonanoyl Peroxide) is an initiator for (co)polymerization of ethylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidine chloride and (meth)acrylates.

CAS number: 3851-87-4
European Community (EC) Number: 223-356-0
Molecular Formula: C18H34O4



APPLICATIONS OF DI-(3,5,5-TRIMETHYL HEXANYL) PEROXIDE 75% SOLUTION (NONANOYL PEROXIDE):
Polymerization of ethylene: Di-(3,5,5-Trimethyl Hexanyl) Peroxide 75% Solution (Nonanoyl Peroxide is an efficient initiator for the ethylene polymerization under high pressure in both autoclave and tubular processes.
To obtain a wide spectrum of polymerization temperatures, combinations with other peroxides are applied in practice.
Polymerization of vinyl chloride: Di-(3,5,5-Trimethyl Hexanyl) Peroxide 75% Solution (Nonanoyl Peroxide can also be applied as an initiator for the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride in the temperature range 50-70°C.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DI-(3,5,5-TRIMETHYL HEXANYL) PEROXIDE 75% SOLUTION (NONANOYL PEROXIDE):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DI-(3,5,5-TRIMETHYL HEXANYL) PEROXIDE 75% SOLUTION (NONANOYL PEROXIDE)
Chemical family: Organic peroxide
CAS number: 3851-87-4
Physical form
Liquid
Regional availability
Asia Pacific, China, Europe, Latin America, Middle East, North America
Molecular Weight
314.5
Molecular Weight
314.5 g/mol
XLogP3-AA
6.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Rotatable Bond Count
11
Exact Mass
314.24570956 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
314.24570956 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count
22
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
324
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
2
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
PSA: 52.60000
XLogP3: 4.91260
Appearance: Liquid
Density: 0.942 g/cm3
Melting Point: 79ºC
Boiling Point: 359.5ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 149.8ºC
Refractive Index: 1.445




SYNONYMS OF DI-(3,5,5-TRIMETHYL HEXANYL) PEROXIDE 75% SOLUTION (NONANOYL PEROXIDE):
3,5,5-Trimethylhexanoyl peroxide
3851-87-4
Bis(1-oxo-3,5,5-trimethylhexyl)peroxide
Peroxide, bis(3,5,5-trimethyl-1-oxohexyl)
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl 3,5,5-trimethylhexaneperoxoate
di(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl) peroxide
Bis(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl) peroxide
EINECS 223-356-0
Bis(3,5,5-trimethyl-1-oxohexyl) peroxide
EC 223-356-0
SCHEMBL94333
DTXSID60863279
KFGFVPMRLOQXNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
3,5,5-Trimethylhexanoyl peroxide
3851-87-4
Bis(1-oxo-3,5,5-trimethylhexyl)peroxide
Peroxide, bis(3,5,5-trimethyl-1-oxohexyl)
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl 3,5,5-trimethylhexaneperoxoate
di(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl) peroxide
Bis(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl) peroxide
EINECS 223-356-0
Bis(3,5,5-trimethyl-1-oxohexyl) peroxide
EC 223-356-0
SCHEMBL94333
DTXSID60863279
KFGFVPMRLOQXNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N



DI(PROPYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether, also known as DPM, is a clear, colorless, slightly viscous liquid with a faint odor.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a solvent that is miscible with water and many organic solvents.
The chemical formula for Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is C7H16O3, and its molecular weight is 148.2 g/mol.

CAS Number: 34590-94-8
EC Number: 252-104-2



APPLICATIONS


Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is commonly used as a solvent in a variety of industrial applications.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used in the formulation of cleaners and degreasers due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a popular solvent for paints and coatings due to its high solvency power and low toxicity.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is frequently used as a coupling agent in industrial processes, helping to bind different components together.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is commonly used as a solvent for printing inks and dyes due to its excellent solubility.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants to improve the strength and durability of the final product.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the production of electronics, such as printed circuit boards and LCD screens.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the manufacturing of pesticides and herbicides, helping to ensure that these chemicals remain effective over time.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a popular solvent for personal care products such as lotions, shampoos, and cosmetics due to its mildness and low toxicity.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is frequently used in the manufacturing of fragrances and perfumes as a solvent and diluent.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the formulation of water-based inks, including those used in inkjet printers and other printing technologies.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of pharmaceuticals, helping to ensure the purity and efficacy of the final product.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the manufacturing of brake fluids, helping to prevent the buildup of rust and other contaminants.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the formulation of cutting oils and other industrial lubricants.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the production of rubber and plastics as a plasticizer and solvent.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the production of textiles as a dye carrier and solvent.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the manufacturing of water treatment chemicals, helping to ensure that water is safe for human consumption.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the production of synthetic resins and polymers as a solvent and reaction medium.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the formulation of leather and textile coatings, helping to protect these materials from wear and tear.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the manufacturing of metalworking fluids, helping to prevent corrosion and improve performance.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the formulation of industrial cleaners and degreasers for use in automotive, aerospace, and other industries.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent for the production of paints and coatings used in the marine industry.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the formulation of heat transfer fluids, helping to improve the efficiency of heat transfer processes.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the production of printing plates for use in the printing industry.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the formulation of hydraulic fluids and other lubricants, helping to improve the performance of machinery and equipment.


Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether (DPM) has a wide range of applications in various industries.
Here are some of its applications:

Solvent:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a popular solvent for many organic compounds, including resins, oils, and waxes.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used in the production of paints, coatings, inks, and adhesives.


Cleaning agent:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is an effective cleaning agent and degreaser, making it a useful ingredient in industrial cleaners.


Coupling agent:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used as a coupling agent to improve the solubility of polar and nonpolar compounds.


Coalescing agent:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a coalescing agent in the production of latex paints to help the particles come together and form a continuous film.


Solder flux:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the electronics industry as a solvent for solder flux.


Personal care products:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the manufacture of personal care products, such as lotions and perfumes.


Chemical reactions:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is an excellent solvent for many organic chemicals, making it a useful solvent in chemical reactions and synthesis.


Adhesives and sealants:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used as a solvent in the production of adhesives and sealants.


Specialty chemicals:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the production of specialty chemicals, such as surfactants and plasticizers.


Printing:
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of printing inks.


Pesticides:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and carrier for pesticides.


Cosmetics:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in cosmetic products as a solvent and viscosity regulator.


Automotive industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and cleaning agent in the automotive industry.


Textile industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and cleaning agent in the textile industry.


Pharmaceutical industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and carrier in the pharmaceutical industry.


Leather industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and cleaning agent in the leather industry.


Food industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and carrier in the production of flavorings and fragrances in the food industry.


Chemical manufacturing:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of a variety of chemicals.


Construction:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of construction materials, such as adhesives and sealants.


Paint and coatings industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and coalescing agent in the production of paints and coatings.


Plastics industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of plastics.


Rubber industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of rubber.


Metalworking industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and cleaning agent in the metalworking industry.


Inks and dyes:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of inks and dyes.


Woodworking industry:

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent and cleaning agent in the woodworking industry.


Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is commonly used as a solvent in the chemical industry.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used as a coalescing agent in the manufacture of latex paints.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is frequently used as a coupling agent in the formulation of various household and industrial cleaning products.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of inks and dyes.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used as a solvent in the manufacture of adhesives and sealants.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is commonly used as a solvent in the production of cosmetics and personal care products, such as lotions and shampoos.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a processing aid in the manufacture of textiles.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of agricultural chemicals and pesticides.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the manufacture of coatings and varnishes.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of resins and polymers.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the manufacture of photographic chemicals.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of fragrances and flavors.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a diluent in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of printing inks.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a wetting agent in the manufacture of emulsions.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of fuel additives.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the manufacture of lubricants.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of electronic materials.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the manufacture of metalworking fluids.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of hydraulic fluids.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the manufacture of construction materials, such as cement and mortar.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of rubber and plastics.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the manufacture of cleaning products for the electronics industry.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of textile printing pastes.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used as a solvent in the manufacture of wood coatings.



DESCRIPTION


Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether, also known as DPM, is a clear, colorless, slightly viscous liquid with a faint odor.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a solvent that is miscible with water and many organic solvents.

The chemical formula for Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is C7H16O3, and its molecular weight is 148.2 g/mol.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is classified as a glycol ether and has the chemical structure CH3O(CH2CH(CH3)O)2H.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a colorless, slightly viscous liquid.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether has a faint, sweet odor.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is soluble in water and many organic solvents.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a glycol ether with a chemical formula of C7H16O3.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether has a molecular weight of 148.2 g/mol.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is commonly used as a solvent in various applications.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether has a high boiling point of 190-200°C.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a non-volatile liquid with low vapor pressure.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is stable under normal conditions and has a long shelf life.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a low-toxicity solvent and is considered safe for use in consumer products.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is used in the formulation of paints, coatings, and inks.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is also used as a cleaning agent and degreaser.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is an effective solvent for resins, waxes, and oils.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used as a coupling agent to improve the solubility of polar and nonpolar compounds.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is also used as a coalescing agent in the production of latex paints.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether has a high flash point and is not considered flammable.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used in the electronics industry as a solvent for solder flux.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is also used in the manufacture of personal care products such as lotions and perfumes.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is an excellent solvent for many organic chemicals and is commonly used in chemical reactions and synthesis.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether has a low volatility and evaporates slowly.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is often used as a solvent in the production of adhesives and sealants.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is compatible with a wide range of plastics, elastomers, and metals.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a useful solvent in the production of specialty chemicals.

Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is a low-toxicity alternative to many other solvents, making it a preferred choice in many applications.
Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is an important solvent in the chemical and manufacturing industries, with a wide range of applications.



PROPERTIES


Chemical formula: C7H16O3
Molecular weight: 148.20 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Mild, slightly sweet
Density: 0.944 g/cm³ at 20°C
Boiling point: 169-171 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting point: -73 °C
Flash point: 56.7°C (closed cup)
Vapor pressure: 0.42 mmHg at 25°C
Solubility: Miscible with water and many organic solvents
Viscosity: 4.4 cP at 25°C
Refractive index: 1.422 at 20°C
Dielectric constant: 7.47 at 25°C
Surface tension: 27.1 mN/m at 20°C
Autoignition temperature: 287°C
pH: Neutral
Heat of vaporization: 44.9 kJ/mol
Heat of combustion: -3.19 MJ/kg
Heat capacity: 201.0 J/(mol·K) at 25°C
Vapor density: 5.1 (air = 1)
Acidity: No acidic groups present
Basicity: No basic groups present
Partition coefficient: Log P = 0.11
Explosive limits: 1.1-8.3%
Oxidizing properties: None known



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
Call a physician immediately.


Skin contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse affected skin with water.
Use soap and water to wash the skin thoroughly.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical attention.


Eye contact:

Immediately flush the eyes with water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by a medical professional.
Rinse the mouth with water if the person is conscious and able to swallow.
Seek medical attention immediately.


Notes to physician:

Treat symptomatically and supportively.
No specific antidote is available.
Provide appropriate supportive care.


General advice:

Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
If in doubt about how to handle a potential poisoning or chemical exposure, contact a poison control center, hospital emergency department, or physician immediately.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
Wear appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat or coveralls.

Use in a well-ventilated area or use appropriate respiratory protection.
Do not breathe in vapors or mist.
Use only in areas with appropriate fire extinguishing equipment.


Storage:

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition.
Keep containers tightly closed and upright to prevent leaks or spills.

Store away from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizers and acids.
Store in a dedicated storage area with appropriate labeling and signage.


Transportation:

Use appropriate packaging and labeling when transporting Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether.
Follow all regulations for the transportation of hazardous materials.


Disposal:

Dispose of according to local, state, and federal regulations.
Do not pour down the drain or dispose of in regular trash.
Contact a licensed waste disposal company for proper disposal methods.



SYNONYMS


DPM
1-(2-methoxypropoxy)-2-propanol
2-(2-Methoxypropoxy)-1-methylethanol
1-Methoxy-2-(2-propoxy)-propanol
Methyl di(propylene glycol) ether
Dowanol DPM
Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether
Methoxy dipropylene glycol
Propane-1,2-diol, 1-(2-methoxypropoxy)-, methyl ether
Arcosolv DPM
Methyldipropyleneglycol
Polysolv DPM
2-(2-Methoxy-propoxy)-1-methylethanol
Glycol ether DPM
Carbitol PM
Methyldipropyleneglycol monomethyl ether
Methyldipropylene glycol methyl ether
1-(2-Methoxypropoxy)-2-propanol, methyl ether
Poly-Solv DPM
Unisolve DPM
PPG-2 methyl ether
Methyl Carbitol PM
Propylene glycol dimethyl ether
1-Methoxy-2-propanol-1-propoxypropanol
Methyl di(propylene glycol) ether, monoacetate.
Dipropylene glycol methyl ether
Methoxypropoxypropanol
Methyldipropylene glycol monomethyl ether
DOWANOL™ DPM glycol ether
Propylene glycol, methyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether mixture
Poly-Solv™ DPM glycol ether
PPG-2 Methyl Ether Propionate
PPG-2 Methyl Ether Acetate
Methoxy dipropylene glycol methyl ether
2-(2-Methoxy-propoxy)-1-methylethyl acetate
DPM solvent
Polysolv DPM-A glycol ether
Methoxydipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate
Methoxy dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
Methoxypropanol propoxypropanol
Glycol ether DPMA
PPG-2 methyl ether acetate
Methoxydipropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoether mixture
Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether mixture
2-(2-Methoxypropoxy)-1-methylethyl propionate
DPM glycol ether acetate
Dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate
Poly-Solv™ DPM-A glycol ether
Arcosolv™ DPM glycol ether.
DPM
Bis(2-methoxypropyl) ether
Dowanol DPM
Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether
Dipropylene glycol methyl ether
Dipropylene glycol-1-methyl ether
Methoxy dipropylene glycol
Methoxypropoxypropanol
Methyl dipropylene glycol
Methyl di-n-propylene glycol
1-Methoxy-2-propanol-1-methyl ether
1-Methoxy-2-propanol propylene glycol ether
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, 1-methyl ether
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, methyl ether
1-Methoxy-2-propyl acetate
1-Methoxy-2-propyl alcohol
2-(2-Methoxypropoxy)-1-propanol
2-Methoxy-1-methyl-2-(2-propoxyethoxy)ethane
2-Methoxy-1-methylpropyl propylene glycol ether
2-Methoxypropanol-1-methyl ether
Dowanol PM
Methyl dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether
Methoxydipropanol
Propylene glycol methyl ether (mixture of isomers)
Ucar solvent DPM
DIACETONE ALCOHOL
Diacetone Alcohol is a ketone.
Diacetone Alcohol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Diacetone Alcohol is less dense than water.


CAS Number: 123-42-2
EC Number: 204-626-7
Molecular Formula: C6H12O2 or (CH3)2C(OH)CH2COCH3


Diacetone Alcohol's Flash point is below 141 °F.
Diacetone Alcohol's vapors are heavier than air.
Diacetone alcohol is a beta-hydroxy ketone formed by hydroxylation of 4-methylpentan-2-one at the 4-position.


Diacetone Alcohol has been isolated from Achnatherum robustum.
Diacetone Alcohol has a role as a plant metabolite.
Diacetone Alcohol is a natural product found in Annona muricata, Bistorta manshuriensis, and other organisms with data available.


Diacetone Alcohol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Diacetone Alcohol is a multifunctional grade, having both a ketone and hydroxyl group.


Diacetone Alcohol acts as a solvent.
Diacetone Alcohol has significantly higher solvent strength than a solvent with similar evaporation time and only one functional group.
Because of the additional hydroxyl group, Diacetone Alcohol is completely miscible with water.


The ketone group makes Diacetone Alcohol an excellent solvent for polar resins.
Diacetone Alcohol is clear, colorless liquid that turns yellow on agng.
Diacetone Alcohol has a pleasant, sweet odorthat is faint minty.


Diacetone Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid
ketone-alcohol.
Diacetone Alcohol (also known as DAA, 4-hydroxy-4methyl-2-pentanone, and diacetone) is a clear, colourless liquid with a mild odour, that is soluble in water and miscible in oil.


Diacetone Alcohol has the formula C6H12O2.
Diacetone Alcohol occurs naturally in the plant Sleepy Grass (achnatherum robustum) and is prepared synthetically for use in the chemical and industrial industries.
Diacetone Alcohol is a solvent and a useful bioactive terpenoid building block found in the essential oil of Mentha rotundifolia.


Diacetone alcohol is an organic compound that is pale yellow liquid with a pleasant odour.
The flashpoint of Diacetone Alcohol is 54 ºC with a boiling range of 150-172ºC, which is quite high.
The flashpoint of Diacetone Alcohol means that it is a volatile, flammable product.


The specific gravity of Diacetone Alcohol is 0.938-0.942.
The liquid is characterised as slow evaporating.
Diacetone alcohol is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA.


Diacetone Alcohol is bifunctional ketone in its molecule structure which confers specific properties on it, producing a solvent with a low evaporation rate and good solubility in the main resins on the market for paints, varnishes and printing inks.
Diacetone Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild characteristic odor and can gradually turn yellow during storage.


Diacetone Alcohol is a slow-evaporating hydroxy ketone that is miscible with aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, esters and water.
Diacetone alcohol, abbreviated to DAA, is a synthetic compound.
Diacetone Alcohol is often a chemical intermediate to create other compounds.


The formula of Diacetone Alcohol is CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, and it is very pure.
Diacetone alcohol is colorless with an aromatic odor.
Diacetone Alcohol is an organic compound with a chemical formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2 and also called DAA. Industrially, diacetone alcohols are produced from acetone and have two alcohol groups and a functional group as ketone. Diacetone alcohols are soluble in organic and inorganic compounds.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
Diacetone Alcohol is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Diacetone Alcohol is used in the following products: coating products, anti-freeze products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), lubricants and greases, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and finger paints.


Other release to the environment of Diacetone Alcohol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Diacetone Alcohol can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles.


Other release to the environment of Diacetone Alcohol is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Diacetone Alcohol can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).
Diacetone Alcohol is used in the following products: coating products, inks and toners, textile treatment products and dyes and adhesives and sealants.


Diacetone Alcohol is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, polymers, adhesives and sealants, air care products, anti-freeze products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), finger paints, fertilisers, plant protection products, perfumes and fragrances and washing & cleaning products.


Other release to the environment of Diacetone Alcohol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Diacetone Alcohol is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, polymers, adhesives and sealants, air care products, anti-freeze products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), finger paints, fertilisers, plant protection products, perfumes and fragrances and washing & cleaning products.


Release to the environment of Diacetone Alcohol can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites, formulation in materials, manufacturing of the substance, in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Diacetone Alcohol is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction and building & construction work.


Diacetone Alcohol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, food products, textile, leather or fur, wood and wood products, pulp, paper and paper products, fabricated metal products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Diacetone Alcohol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, in the production of articles, formulation in materials and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of Diacetone Alcohol can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Diacetone Alcohol can also be used for the treatment of textiles and leather, in chemical synthesis or as a cleaning solvent.


Diacetone alcohol is mainly used as a solvent in industrial and professional applications in coatings, cleaning, oil and gas filed drilling, lubricants, metal working fluids, polymer processing and water treatment.
Diacetone Alcohol is found in a number of consumer products such as adhesives, inks, paints, household cleaners and agrochemicals.


Diacetone Alcohol is also a chemical intermediate for the preparation of other compounds.
Diacetone Alcohol is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.


Diacetone Alcohol is used in lacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions for paper and textiles; permanent markers; in making artificial silk and leather; in imitation gold leaf; in celluloid cements; as a preservative for animal tissue; in metal cleaning compounds; in the manufacture of photographic film; and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.


Diacetone Alcohol is used in water based low VOC adhesives.
Uses of Diacetone Alcohol: Intermediate in synthesis of mesityl oxide, hexalene glycol and other organic chemicals.
The principal end uses of Diacetone Alcohol are in industrial coatings, household cleaners, inks, paints, paint removers, paint thinners, pharmaceutical preparations, sealants, primer and pesticides.


Diacetone Alcohol is used as a chemical intermediate in the preparation of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and Hexylene Glycol.
The main use for Diacetone Alcohol is as a solvent for water-based coatings with approximately 90% of all the DAA produced used in this way.
Diacetone Alcohol can also be added to cellulose ester lacquers where it produces a brilliant gloss and hard film, with little odour.


Diacetone alcohol has many other uses including in the making of artificial silk, leather and imitation gold lead, in gravure printing inks, wood stains, wood preservatives and also in degreasers and metal cleaning compounds.
Diacetone Alcohol is also important as a chemical intermediate as it can be condensed to produce mesityl oxide (MO) and water.


This carbon-carbon double bond of MO is then selectively hydrogenated to produce MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) which is, itself, a valuable industrial solvent.
Diacetone Alcohol is a chemical compound that is liquid and used as a synthetic intermediate in the preparation of other compounds such as cellulose ester lacquers, lacquer thinners and wood stains.


Diacetone Alcohol is used in antifreeze and brake fluids; also used as a solvent to make nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, celluloid, pigments, waxes, and oils.
Diacetone alcohol is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.


Diacetone Alcohol is used in lacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions for paper and textiles; permanent markers; in making artificial silk and leather; in imitation gold leaf; in celluloid cements; as a preservative for animal tissue; in metal cleaning compounds; in the manufacture of photographic film; and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.


Diacetone Alcohol is used as a raw material for high boiling point solvents, paint thinners, wood stains, rust removers and dyes, etc.
This colorless liquid, Diacetone Alcohol, is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.
Diacetone Alcohol is commonly consumed as a solvent in several industrial applications such as in paints & coatings, coatings, drilling fluids, cleaning chemicals, lubricants, and metalworking fluids.


In the chemical industry, diacetone alcohol is used as chemical additives for the production of compounds such as methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), isopropylidene acetone, phorone and isophorone, hexanediol, and methyl isobutyl alcohol (MIBC).
For production purposes of these compounds, the diacetone alcohol route is preferred majorly over the acetone route as it provides a high yield of the compounds.


Diacetone Alcohol is used as an industrial solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, celluloid, pigments, waxes, fats, and oils, and in antifreeze and brake fluid.
Moreover, Diacetone Alcohol is an oxygenated solvent, finds its roots in Acetone and is also often used as a solvent.
Diacetone alcohol is mainly used as a solvent in industrial and professional applications in coatings, cleaning, oil and gas field drilling, lubricants, metal working fluids, polymer processing, and water treatment.


-Industrial & DIY Uses:
*Diacetone Alcohol is also used in the making of artificial silk and leather
*Diacetone Alcohol is used component of gravure printing inks, wood stains, and wood preservatives, and can also be found in degreasers and metal cleaning compounds.
*Diacetone alcohol is mainly used as a solvent in industrial and professional applications in coatings, cleaning, oil and gas filed drilling, lubricants, metal working fluids, polymer processing and water treatment.
*Diacetone Alcoholis found in a number of consumer products such as adhesives, inks, paints, household cleaners and agrochemicals.


-Cosmetic Uses:
*fragrance
*solvents


-Industrial-violet:
*Coating - Industrial Coating
*Coating - Leather Treatment
*Coating - Metal Treatment
*Cleaner - Electrical Components
*Process Intermediate - Chemical Products & Intermediates
Solubilization


• SLOW EVAPORATION RATE:
Diacetone Alcohol has one of the most favorable dilution ratios of the nitrocellulose solvents with comparably slow evaporation rates.
• CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATE:
Diacetone alcohol is having hydroxyl and carbonyl group in the same molecule.
Due to its chemical structure, Diacetone takes part in reactions associated with both hydroxyl and carbonyl compounds.


-ConsumerGoods:
*Coating - Metal - Non-Food Packaging
*Cleaner - Surface Care - Home Care
*Nail Polish & Nail Remover - Skin Care


-FoodIndustry:
*Coating - Metal - Food Packaging
*Printing Inks - Plastics - Food Packaging
-Healthcare:
*Printing Inks - Packaging


• USED AS A SOLVENT:
Diacetone Alcohol is used as a solvent for both hydrogen bonding and polar substances.
Diacetone Alcohol is miscible in water and used as a solvent for water-based coatings.
Diacetone Alcohol is used as a solvent extractant in purification processes for resins and waxes.
Diacetone Alcohol is also used as a component of solvent blends for nitrocellulose, acrylic, and cellulose acetate lacquers and thinners.


• USED AS A CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATE:
One specific non-solvent application for Diacetone Alcohol is as a chemical intermediate in the production of diacetone acrylamide as is having hydroxyl and carbonyl group in the same molecule.


• OTHER APPLICATIONS:
Diacetone Alcohol is more suitable for use in applications as a component of gravure printing inks, with proving favorable flow and leveling characteristics.
Other applications for Diacetone Alcohol include metal cleaning compounds, degreasers, stripping aids for textiles, and gum and resin removers in automobile carburetor cleaners.



SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
First identified by Heintz, one standard laboratory preparation of DAA entails the Ba(OH)2-catalyzed condensation of two molecules of acetone.
Diacetone Alcohol undergoes dehydration to give the α,β-unsaturated ketone called mesityl oxide.
Hydrogenation of diacetone alcohol gives hexylene glycol. Condensation with urea give "diacetone-monourea", i.e. the heterocycle 3,4-dihydro- 4,4,6-trimethyl-2(1H)-pyrimidone.



HOW IS DIACETONE ALCOHOL PRODUCED?
Diacetone Alcohol can be prepared from acetone by the action of the alkali metal hydroxides, calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide.



STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
Diacetone Alcohol is stored in mild steel and /or stainless steel tanks and/or drums and can be transported by bulk vessels or tank trucks.
Diacetone Alcohol should be stored in an area that is well ventilated and that is away from sunlight, ignition sources, and other forms of heat.
Diacetone Alcohol has a specific gravity of 0.938 and a flashpoint of 59 °C (closed cup).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
Molecular Weight: 116.16
XLogP3-AA: -0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 116.083729621
Monoisotopic Mass: 116.083729621
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 94.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Acidity as Acetic Acid. % W/W: 0 – 0.01
Appearance: Clear
Colour. HU: 0 – 30
DAA purity %. W/W: 99.4 – 100
Flash Point °C: 59 – 62
Miscibility (25ml + 225 ml Water): Clear
Specific Gravity 27 °C / 27 °C: 0.931 – 0.937
Water Content % W/W: 0 – 0.1

Physical Form: Liquid
CAS: 123-42-2
Molecular Formula: C6H12O2
MDL Number: 4471
Formula Weight: 116.16g/mol
Vapor Pressure: 1 mmHg at 20°C
Viscosity: 3.22 mPaS at 20°C
Vapor Density: 4
Melting Point: -42.8°C
Boiling Point: 166°C
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.92900 to 0.93500 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 7.730 to 7.780
Refractive Index: 1.41800 to 1.42400 @ 20.00 °C.
Boiling Point: 164.00 to 166.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 1.710000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 4.0 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 143.00 °F. TCC ( 61.67 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.026 (est)
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 6.512e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)

Chemical formula: C6H12O2
Molar mass: 116.160 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Odorless
Density: 0.938 g/cm3
Melting point: −47 °C (−53 °F; 226 K)
Boiling point: 166 °C (331 °F; 439 K)
Solubility in water: moderate
Solubility: most organic solvents
Refractive index (nD): 1.4235
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: light yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point
Melting point: -44 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 166 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 6,9 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,8 %(V)
Flash point 58 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available

Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient:: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 0,931 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 4,01 - (Air = 1.0)
Melting Point: -44°C
Color: Yellow
Boiling Point: 168°C
UN Number: 1148
Quantity: 500 mL
Formula Weight: 116.16
Percent Purity: ≥98.0% (GC)
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Diacetone Alcohol

Molecular Weight: 116.2 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C6H12O2
Appearance: Colorless, Liquid
Freezing Point -47°C (-52.6°F)
Boiling Point @ 760mm Hg: 168°C (334°F)
Flash Point – Closed Cup:61-65.6°C (142-150°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 640°C
Density: @ 20°C 0.938 kg/L 7.83 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure @ 20°C: 0.12 kPa
Solubility in Water @ 20°C: Miscible
Surface Tension @ 20°C: 30 dyne/cm
Refractive Index @ 20°C: 1.421
Viscosity @ 20°C: 2.9 cP
Lower Explosive Limit: 1.8 v/v%
Upper Explosive Limit: 6.9 v/v%
Conductivity @ 20°C: 20 μS/m
Dielectric Constant @ 20°C: 18.2
Specific Heat @ 20°C: 1.9 J/g/°C
Heat of Vaporization @: normal
boiling point: 377 J/g
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C: 28.5 kJ/g
Odor Threshold: 0.27 ppm
Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1): 0.15



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated lothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,65 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIACETONE ALCOHOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, Diacetone alcohol
Diacetone alcohol
4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE
123-42-2
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one
Diacetonalkohol
Diketone alcohol
Diacetonalcohol
Diacetone
Pyranton
Tyranton
Acetonyldimethylcarbinol
Diacetone-alcool
Pyranton A
2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one
Diacetonalcool
4-Hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane
Diacetonyl alcohol
2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-
4-Idrossi-4-metil-pentan-2-one
Dimethyl acetonyl carbinol
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanone-2
Pyraton
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pentanone
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-on
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl pentan-2-one
NSC 9005
Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanone
4-Methyl-2-pentanon-4-ol
Q7WP157PTD
DTXSID6024917
CHEBI:55381
4-Methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pentanone
NSC-9005
(CH3)2C(OH)CH2C(O)CH3
Diacetonealcool
DTXCID304917
Caswell No. 280
CAS-123-42-2
CCRIS 6177
HSDB 1152
EINECS 204-626-7
UN1148
UNII-Q7WP157PTD
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 033901
BRN 1740440
AI3-00045
EC 204-626-7
Diacetone alcohol [UN1148]
SCHEMBL28494
2-Methyl-3-pentanol-4-one
4-01-00-04023 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone
DIACETONE ALCOHOL [MI]
4-hydroxy4-methyl-2-pentanone
CHEMBL3182048
DIACETONE ALCOHOL [INCI]
NSC9005
4-methyl-4-oxidanyl-pentan-2-one
ZINC1648359
Tox21_201266
Tox21_303479
BBL027463
LMFA12000071
MFCD00004471
STL146354
AKOS005721167
UN 1148
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 99%
WLN: QX1 & 1 & 1V1
NCGC00249012-01
NCGC00257419-01
NCGC00258818-01
VS-08543
DB-062159
FT-0624587
H0272
EN300-19341
4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE [HSDB]
A805073
Diacetone alcohol
Q421486
4-Hydrxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, analytical standard
J-004939
J-515493
F0001-0366
Diacetone Alcohol
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pentanone
2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one
2-Methyl-4-oxo-2-pentanol
2-4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanon
2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one
2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-
4-Hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl pentan-2-one
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanone-2
Acetonyldimethylcarbinol
Diacetone; Diacetone alcohol
Diacetonyl alcohol
Diketone alcohol
Dimethyl acetonyl carbinol
Pyranton
Pyranton A
Tyranton
UN1148


DIACETONE ALCOHOL
Diacetone alcohol is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA.
Diacetone alcohol colorless liquid is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.
Diacetone alcohol is a colorless liquid.

CAS: 123-42-2
MF: C6H12O2
MW: 116.16
EINECS: 204-626-7

A beta-hydroxy ketone formed by hydroxylation of 4-methylpentan-2-one at the 4-position.
Diacetone alcohol has been isolated from Achnatherum robustum.
A clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Flash point below 141°F.
Less dense than water.
Vapors heavier than air.
Diacetone alcohol is bifunctional ketone in its molecule structure which confers specific properties on it, producing a solvent with a low evaporation rate and good solubility in the main resins on the market for paints, varnishes and printing inks.

Diacetone alcohol by Shell Chemicals is a multifunctional grade, having both a ketone and hydroxyl group.
Acts as a solvent.
Diacetone alcohol has significantly higher solvent strength than a solvent with similar evaporation time and only one functional group.
Because of the additional hydroxyl group, Diacetone alcohol is completely miscible with water.
The ketone group makes Diacetone alcohol an excellent solvent for polar resins.
Diacetone alcohol used in water based low VOC adhesives.

Diacetone Alcohol Chemical Properties
Melting point: -42.8 °C
Boiling point: 166 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.938 g/mL at 20 °C
Vapor density: 4 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: n20/D 1.423(lit.)
Fp: 132 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: Soluble in alcohol, ether (Weast, 1986), and many other solvents, particular ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone.
Pka: 14.57±0.29(Predicted)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless
Odor: Mild, pleasant.
Explosive limit: 1.8-6.9%(V)
Water Solubility: MISCIBLE
λmax: 249nm(lit.)
Merck: 14,2964
BRN: 1740440
Specific Activity: 25-50 mCi/mmol
Solvent: Ethanol
Concentration: 0.1 mCi/ml
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 240 mg/m3 (50 ppm) (ACGIH); IDLH 2100 ppm (NIOSH).
Stability: Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, amines, ammonia, strong acids, strong bases, alkalies, aluminium.
LogP: -0.09 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 123-42-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Diacetone alcohol(123-42-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Diacetone alcohol (123-42-2)

Physical properties
Clear, watery, flammable liquid with a mild, pleasant, characteristic odor similar to 2-butanone or the pentanones.
Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 1.3 mg/m3 (270 ppbv) and 5.2 mg/m3 (1.1 ppmv), respectively.

Synthesis and reactions
First identified by Heintz, one standard laboratory preparation of Diacetone alcohol entails the Ba(OH)2-catalyzed condensation of two molecules of acetone.

Diacetone alcohol undergoes dehydration to give the α,β-unsaturated ketone called mesityl oxide.
Hydrogenation of diacetone alcohol gives hexylene glycol.
Condensation with urea give "diacetone-monourea", i.e. the heterocycle 3,4-dihydro- 4,4,6-trimethyl-2(1H)-pyrimidone.

Uses
Solvent for cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, celluloid, fats, oils, waxes, resins.
As a preservative in pharmaceutical preparations.
In some antifreeze solutions and in hydraulic fluids.
Diacetone alcohol is available in two grades: a commercial grade containing 15% acetone and an acetone-free grade.
Both solvent grades of diacetone alcohol may acquire a yellow color on aging; both are good solvents for nitrocellulose, cellulose esters, and several other types of resins.
The much slower evaporating diacetone alcohol is similar to acetone in its solvency.
Diacetone alcohol is used in brushing-type cellulose ester lacquers to produce hard and brilliant gloss films.
Diacetone alcohol is also used as lacquer thinner and in coating compositions for paper and textiles.
Mesityl oxide, the unsaturated medium boiling point ketone that is prepared by the dehydration of Diacetone alcohol, will darken and form a solid residue on aging.

Solvent for cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, celluloid, fats, oils, waxes, resins.
As a preservative in pharmaceutical preparations.
In some antifreeze solutions and in hydraulic fluids.
Diacetone alcohol is used asa solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate,resins, fats, oils, and waxes; and in hydraulicfluids and antifreeze solutions.

Diacetone alcohol is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.
Diacetone alcohol is used in lacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions for paper and textiles; permanent markers; in making artificial silk and leather; in imitation gold leaf; in celluloid cements; as a preservative for animal tissue; in metal cleaning compounds; in the manufacture of photographic film; and in hydraulic brake fluids, where Diacetone alcohol is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.

Production Methods
Diacetone alcohol is manufactured through the action of barium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or calcium hydroxide on acetone.
Commercial materials may contain up to 15%acetone.

Reactivity Profile
Acetyl bromide reacts violently with alcohols or water.
Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions.
Example: An explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid.
Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives.
Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid.

Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive.
They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions.
Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites.
They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat.
Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites.
Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents.
Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence.

Health Hazard
Vapor is irritating to the mucous membrane of the eye and respiratory tract.
Inhalation can cause dizziness, nausea, some anesthesia.
Very high concentrations have a narcotic effect.
The liquid is not highly irritating to the skin but can cause dermatitis.
Diacetone alcohol is a mildirritant and a strong narcotic.
Diacetone alcohol can causeirritation in the eyes, nose, throat, and skin.
The effect on humans, however, is mild at100 ppm concentration.
Animal experiments indicated that Diacetone alcohol couldproduce sleep after a period of restlessnessand excitement.
The symptoms of Diacetone alcohol's toxicity are a marked decrease in breathing andblood pressure, and relaxation of the muscles.
Ingestion of Diacetone alcohol in highdoses can damage corneal tissue and liver.

Synonyms
Diacetone alcohol
4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE
123-42-2
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one
Diacetonalkohol
Diketone alcohol
Diacetonalcohol
Diacetone
Pyranton
Tyranton
Acetonyldimethylcarbinol
Diacetone-alcool
Pyranton A
Diacetonalcool
2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one
Diacetonyl alcohol
4-Hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane
2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-
4-Idrossi-4-metil-pentan-2-one
Dimethyl acetonyl carbinol
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanone-2
Caswell No. 280
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pentanone
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-on
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl pentan-2-one
NSC 9005
CCRIS 6177
Pyraton
Diacetonalcohol [Dutch]
Diacetonalcool [Italian]
Diacetonalkohol [German]
HSDB 1152
Diacetone-alcool [French]
UNII-Q7WP157PTD
EINECS 204-626-7
Q7WP157PTD
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 033901
BRN 1740440
DTXSID6024917
CHEBI:55381
AI3-00045
Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-
NSC-9005
UN1148
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanone
4-Methyl-2-pentanon-4-ol
DTXCID304917
4-Idrossi-4-metil-pentan-2-one [Italian]
4-Methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pentanone
EC 204-626-7
4-01-00-04023 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-on [German, Dutch]
(CH3)2C(OH)CH2C(O)CH3
Diacetonealcool
Diacetone alcohol [UN1148] [Flammable liquid]
CAS-123-42-2
Diactone alcool
diacetone-alcohol
4-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-one
Diacetonalkohol(german)
DAA (CHRIS Code)
SCHEMBL28494
2-Methyl-3-pentanol-4-one
Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone
DIACETONE ALCOHOL [MI]
4-hydroxy4-methyl-2-pentanone
CHEMBL3182048
DIACETONE ALCOHOL [INCI]
4-hydroxyl-4-methyl-2-pentanone
NSC9005
2-pentanona, 4-hidroxi-4-metil-
4-methyl-4-oxidanyl-pentan-2-one
Tox21_201266
Tox21_303479
BBL027463
LMFA12000071
LS-681
MFCD00004471
NA1148
STL146354
AKOS005721167
UN 1148
4- hydroxy- 4- methylpentan- 2- one
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 99%
WLN: QX1 & 1 & 1V1
NCGC00249012-01
NCGC00257419-01
NCGC00258818-01
VS-08543
FT-0624587
H0272
PENTAN-2-ONE, 4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-
EN300-19341
4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE [HSDB]
4-Hydroksy-4-metyl-2-pentanon (Diacetonalkohol)
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-on(GERMAN, DUTCH)
A805073
Diacetone alcohol [UN1148] [Flammable liquid]
Q421486
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, analytical standard
DIACETONE ALCOHOL, (FLAMMABLE LIQUID LABEL)
J-004939
J-515493
Diacetone alcohol (4-Hydroxy-4-methyl- 2-pentanone)
DIACETONE ALCOHOL, (COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID LABEL)
F0001-0366
Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-; (Diacetone alcohol)
InChI=1/C6H12O2/c1-5(7)4-6(2,3)8/h8H,4H2,1-3H
Diacetone Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA)
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a chemical compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is colourless and odourless and has a low evaporation rate.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a colorless liquid.


CAS Number: 123-42-2
EC Number: 204-626-7
Chemical formula: C6H12O2



4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-Hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane, Diacetone alcohol, (CH3)2C(OH)CH2C(O)CH3, 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pentanone, 2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one, 2-Methyl-3-pentanol-4-one, 2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-, 4-Hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl pentan-2-one, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-ON, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-on, Diaceton alcohol, Alcohol de diacetona, Diacétone alcool, Álcool de diacetona, Diaceton-alkohol, Diacetone alcohol, DAA, Diacetone alcohol, 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, 4-hyroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane, 2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one, 4-Hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, Acetonyldimethylcarbinol, Diacetone, Diacetonyl Alcohol, Dimethyl Acetonyl Carbinol, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pentanone, 2-methyl-2-pentanol-4-one, 2-pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-, 4-hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane, 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, 4-hydroxyl-2-keto-4-ethylpentane, acetonyldimethylcarbinol, DAA, diacetone alcohol, diacetone alcohol, acetone free, diacetonyl alcohol, dicetone alcohol, diketone alcohol, G50CB116, pyranton, pyranton A, reducer, tyranton, 2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-, DAA, 4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE, Diacetone, 4-HYDROXY-4-METHYLPENTAN-2-ONE, Tyranton, Diketone alcohol, Acetonyldimethylcarbinol, Pyranton a, Diacetone alcohol,



Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a chemical compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is available in two grades: a commercial grade containing 15% acetone and an acetone-free grade.
Both solvent grades of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) may acquire a yellow color on aging; both are good solvents for nitrocellulose, cellulose esters, and several other types of resins.


The much slower evaporating Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is similar to acetone in its solvency.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a colourless liquid.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has been isolated from Achnatherum robustum.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Flash point of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is below 141°F.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is less dense than water.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA)'s vapors are heavier than air.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is soluble in water.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is made from aldol condensation reaction of acetone.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a good solvent used in painting, can coating, optical discs and IT related products manufacturing.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is also a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other chemical compounds.
In addition, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) can serve as a solvent extractant in purification processes for resins and waxes.


In order to develop and maintain our Diacetone alcohol (DAA) market in Europe, TASCO had REACH pre-registration certificate of DAA product.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is made from acetone through aldol condensation reaction.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol and ketone functions.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has a high purity.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is colourless and odourless and has a low evaporation rate.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a chemical compound sometimes called DAA.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol and ketone functions.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has a high purity.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is colourless and odourless and has a low evaporation rate.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a multifunctional grade, having both a ketone and hydroxyl group.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) acts as a solvent.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has significantly higher solvent strength than a solvent with similar evaporation time and only one functional group.


Because of the additional hydroxyl group, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is completely miscible with water.
The ketone group makes Diacetone alcohol (DAA) an excellent solvent for polar resins.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is bifunctional ketone in its molecule structure which confers specific properties on it, producing a solvent with a low evaporation rate and good solubility in the main resins on the market for paints, varnishes and printing inks.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a clear, colorless liquid ketone-alcohol.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA.
This colorless liquid, Diacetone alcohol (DAA), is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a synthetic compound.
The fluid is often a chemical intermediate to create other compounds.
The formula is CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, and it is very pure.


Moreover, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an oxygenated solvent, finds its roots in Acetone and is also often used as a solvent.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a clear, colorless liquid ketone-alcohol.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta-hydroxy ketones.


These are ketones containing a hydroxyl group attached to the beta-carbon atom, relative to the C=O group.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta-hydroxy ketones.
These are ketones containing a hydroxyl group attached to the beta-carbon atom, relative to the C=O group.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a synthetic compound.


The fluid, Diacetone alcohol (DAA), is often a chemical intermediate to create other compounds.
The formula is CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, and Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is very pure.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) appears as a colorless liquid with a faint, minty odor.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a versatile solvent that has a slow evaporation rate, low viscosity, and is soluble with most organic substances.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) offers low toxicity, low volatility, and good stability.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a clear, colorless liquid ketone-alcohol.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a chemical compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a diacetone alcohol.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) offers high solvent power and slow evaporation rate.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a solvent evaporating ketone which can reduce VOC emissions.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has low volatility.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is completely miscible in water.


Diacetone Alcohol (DAA) is a unique solvent for water-based coatings.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is mainly used for the solvent of a variety of liquid cationic dyes and coatings industry resins.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has many other uses including in the making of artificial silk, leather and imitation gold lead, in gravure printing inks, wood stains, wood preservatives and also in degreasers and metal cleaning compounds.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is also important as a chemical intermediate as it can be condensed to produce mesityl oxide (MO) and water.
This carbon-carbon double bond of MO is then selectively hydrogenated to produce MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) which is, itself, a valuable industrial solvent.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a chemical compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has slow evaporation rates.


The production volume of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) in Japan is 3,236 tonnes/year in past years.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is produced under the well-controlled closed system, amount of release to air phase is negligibly small.
The waste of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) from the production system is released to water phase after treated its own wastewater treatment plant.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) can prepare metal cleaners, wood preservatives, preservatives for photographic films and medicines, antifreeze, hydraulic oil solvents, extractants and fiber finishing agents, etc.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is widely used as a solvent for electrostatic spray paint, celluloid, nitrocellulose, fat, grease, wax and resin, etc.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is mainly used in paints and coatings (coil coatings, wood varnishes, architectural coatings…).
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a good solvent for organic peroxides and can also be used for the treatment of textiles and leather, in chemical synthesis, or as a cleaning solvent.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a solvent and paint remover for cellulose ester paint, printing ink, synthetic resin coating, etc.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is also used in lacquer thinners, wood staines, dopes, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions for paper and textiles; permanent markers; in making artificial leather and silk and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an excellent organic solvent and is mainly used in coatings, can coatings, optical discs and related IT products.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.
This colorless liquid, Diacetone alcohol (DAA), is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in lacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions for paper and textiles; permanent markers; in making artificial silk and leather; in imitation gold leaf; in celluloid cements; as a preservative for animal tissue; in metal cleaning compounds; in the manufacture of photographic film; and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is mainly used in paints and coatings (coil coatings, wood varnishes, architectural coatings…).


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a good solvent for organic peroxides and can also be used for the treatment of textiles and leather, in chemical synthesis, or as a cleaning solvent.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in water based low VOC adhesives.


The principal end uses of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) are in industrial coatings, household cleaners, inks, paints, paint removers, paint thinners, pharmaceutical preparations, sealants, primer and pesticides.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a chemical intermediate in the preparation of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and Hexylene Glycol.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol and ketone functionalities.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is the solvent of choice for many inks and coatings, including coil coatings, wood varnishes, and architectural coatings.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is also used in the treatment of textiles and leather and is an excellent cleaning solvent.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a good solvent for many organic peroxides.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is found in the highest concentration in cow milk but it has also been detected, not quantified, in several different foods, such as fruits, mung beans, papaya, and soybeans.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in lacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes, in coating compositions for paper and textiles, permanent markers, in making artificial silk and leather, in imitation gold leaf, in celluloid cements, as a preservative for animal tissue, in metal cleaning compounds, in the manufacture of photographic film, and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a colorless liquid, used as a solvent and a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds.
Moreover, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an oxygenated solvent, finds its roots in Acetone and is also often used as a solvent.
The principal end uses of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) are in industrial coatings, household cleaners, inks, paints, paint removers, paint thinners, pharmaceutical preparations, sealants, primer and pesticides.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is commercially used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and a hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a chemical intermediate in the preparation of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and Hexylene Glycol.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used paints, Coatings, Solvent, Chemical Synthesis, Cleaners.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds and is also used as a solvent.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in lacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions for paper and textiles; permanent markers; in making artificial silk and leather; in imitation gold leaf; in celluloid cements; as a preservative for animal tissue; in metal cleaning compounds; in the manufacture of photographic film; and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a clear, colourless liquid with a mild odour, that is soluble in water and miscible in oil.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has the formula C6H12O2.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) occurs naturally in the plant Sleepy Grass (achnatherum robustum) and is prepared synthetically for use in the chemical and industrial industries.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a solvent in industrial applications like for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, various oils In resins, waxes, fats, dyes, lacquers, coating compositions.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in wood preservatives and water treatment.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in consumer products such as adhesives, inks, paints, household cleaners and agrochemicals.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in metal cleaning compounds, hydraulic compression fluids, in textiles.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a chemical intermediate in the preparation of other compounds.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a solvent for both hydrogen bonding and polar substances.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is miscible in water and used as a solvent for water-based coatings.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) can be prepared from acetone by the action of alkali metal hydroxides, calcium hydroxide, and barium hydroxide.


Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) is a valuable industrial solvent produced commercially in a three-stage process from an acetone feedstock.
First, acetone is dimerized to produce Diacetone alcohol (DAA)). Second, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) undergoes a condensation reaction to produce mesityl oxide (MO) and water.


Third, the carbon-carbon double bond of MO is selectively hydrogenated to produce MIBK.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a solvent extractant in purification processes for resins and waxes.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is more suitable for use in applications as a component of gravure printing inks, with proving favorable flow and leveling characteristics.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA), having hydroxyl and carbonyl group in the same molecule is used as a chemical intermediate.
Over 90% of the Diacetone alcohol (DAA) produced is used as a coatings solvent.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used asa solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate,resins, fats, oils, and waxes; and in hydraulicfluids and antifreeze solutions.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used Solvent for pigments, cellulose, resins, oils, fats, and hydrocarbons; hydraulic brake fluid; antifreeze.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used solvent for cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, celluloid, fats, oils, waxes, resins.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a preservative in pharmaceutical preparations.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in some antifreeze solutions and in hydraulic fluids.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in brushing-type cellulose ester lacquers to produce hard and brilliant gloss films.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is also used as lacquer thinner and in coating compositions for paper and textiles.
Mesityl oxide, the unsaturated medium boiling point ketone that is prepared by the dehydration of Diacetone alcohol (DAA), will darken and form a solid residue on aging.



FEATURES OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
*Colorless and odorless liquid
*Soluble in organic solvents
*Free from foreign matters



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
*Tertiary alcohols
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
*Beta-hydroxy ketone
*Tertiary alcohol
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Alcohol
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PRODUCTION METHODS OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is manufactured through the action of barium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or calcium hydroxide on acetone.
Commercial materials may contain up to 15% acetone.



HOW IS DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA) PRODUCED?
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) can be prepared from acetone by the action of the alkali metal hydroxides, calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide.



STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is stored in mild steel and /or stainless steel tanks and/or drums and can be transported by bulk vessels or tank trucks.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) should be stored in an area that is well ventilated and that is away from sunlight, ignition sources, and other forms of heat.
For transportation purposes, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) comes into packing group III, hazard class 3.3 and is an irritant.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has a specific gravity of 0.938 and a flashpoint of 59 °C (closed cup).



WHAT IS DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA) USED FOR?
The main use for Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is as a solvent for water-based coatings with approximately 90% of all the DAA produced used in this way.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) can also be added to cellulose ester lacquers where it produces a brilliant gloss and hard film, with little odour.



OCCURRENCE AND USE OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as an industrial solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, celluloid, pigments, waxes, fats, and oils, and in antifreeze and brake fluid.
The odor threshold has been reported to be near 0.3 ppm.



SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
First identified by Heintz, one standard laboratory preparation of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) entails the Ba(OH)2-catalyzed condensation of two molecules of acetone.
It undergoes dehydration to give the α,β-unsaturated ketone called mesityl oxide.
Hydrogenation of diacetone alcohol gives hexylene glycol.
Condensation with urea give "diacetone-monourea", i.e. the heterocycle 3,4-dihydro- 4,4,6-trimethyl-2(1H)-pyrimidone.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
CAS Number: 123-42-2
Beilstein Reference: 1740440
EC Number: 204-626-7
Chemical formula: C6H12O2
Molar mass: 116.160 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Odorless
Density: 0.938 g/cm3
Melting point: −47 °C (−53 °F; 226 K)
Boiling point: 166 °C (331 °F; 439 K)
Solubility in water: moderate
Solubility: most organic solvents
Refractive index (nD): 1.4235

Molecular Weight: 116.2 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C6H12O2
Appearance Colorless: Liquid
Freezing Point: -47°C (-52.6°F)
Boiling Point: @ 760mm Hg 168°C (334°F)
Flash Point – Closed Cup: 61-65.6°C (142-150°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 640°C
Density: @ 20°C 0.938 kg/L
7.83 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure: @ 20°C 0.12 kPa
Solubility in Water: @ 20°C Miscible
Surface Tension: @ 20°C 30 dyne/cm
Refractive Index: @ 20°C 1.421

Viscosity: @ 20°C 2.9 cP
Lower Explosive Limit: 1.8 v/v%
Upper Explosive Limit: 6.9 v/v%
Conductivity: @ 20°C 20 μS/m
Dielectric Constant: @ 20°C 18.2
Specific Heat: @ 20°C 1.9 J/g/°C
Heat of Vaporization: @ normal boiling point: 377 J/g
Heat of Combustion: @ 25°C 28.5 kJ/g
Odor Threshold: 0.27 ppm
Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1): 0.15
Water Solubility: 145 g/L
logP: 0.04
logP: 0.22
logS: 0.1
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 15.21
pKa (Strongest Basic): -2.7

Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Refractivity: 31.65 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 12.76 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C6H12O2

IUPAC name: 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C6H12O2/c1-5(7)4-6(2,3)8/h8H,4H2,1-3H3
InChI Key: SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O
Average Molecular Weight: 116.1583
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 116.083729628
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: light yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: -44 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 166 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 6,9 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,8 %(V)

Flash point: 58 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 0,931 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available

Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 4,01 - (Air = 1.0)
Formula: (CH3)2C(OH)CH2COCH3
CAS number: 123-42-2
Form: Colorless, flammable liquid with pleasant odor
Molecular weight: 116.16
Boiling point: 168°C
Melting point: -43°C
Specific gravity: 0.94
Vapor pressure: 1.2 mmHg at 25°C
Solubility: Miscible in water
Melting point: -42.8 °C
Boiling point: 166 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.938 g/mL at 20 °C

vapor density: 4 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.423(lit.)
Flash point: 132 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Soluble in alcohol, ether,
and many other solvents,
particular ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone.
pka: 14.57±0.29(Predicted)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless
Odor: Mild, pleasant.
Evaporation Rate: 0.14
Relative density, gas (air=1): 4.01
explosive limit: 1.8-6.9%(V)
Water Solubility: MISCIBLE

λmax: 249nm(lit.)
Merck: 14,2964
BRN: 1740440
Specific Activity: 25-50 mCi/mmol
Solvent: Ethanol
Concentration: 0.1 mCi/ml
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 240 mg/m3 (50 ppm) (ACGIH); IDLH 2100 ppm (NIOSH).
Dielectric constant: 18.2(Ambient)
Stability: Stable.
LogP: -0.09 at 20℃
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: DIACETONE ALCOHOL
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
CAS DataBase Reference: 123-42-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: Q7WP157PTD
NIST Chemistry Reference: 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one(123-42-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (123-42-2)



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,65 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available


DIALLYL PHTHALATE
DESCRIPTION:

Diallyl phthalate is a clear pale-yellow liquid.
Diallyl phthalate is Odorless.
Diallyl phthalate is a phthalate ester.

CAS: 131-17-9
European Community (EC) Number: 205-016-3
IUPAC Name: bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Molecular Formula: C14H14O4
Molecular Weight: 246.26



Diallyl phthalate is of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers, primarily used to soften polyvinyl chloride.
Diallyl phthalate is found in a number of products, including glues, building materials, personal care products, detergents and surfactants, packaging, children's toys, paints, pharmaceuticals, food products, and textiles.
Diallyl phthalate is hazardous due to their ability to act as endocrine disruptors.
Diallyl phthalate is being phased out of many products in the United States and European Union due to these health concerns.

Diallyl Phthalate resin is a filled thermoset resin recommended for mounting moderately hard materials and provides good edge retention.
Diallyl Phthalate is available as either glass or mineral filled.

Diallyl phthalate (DAP) and diallyl iso-phthalate (DAIP) are thermosetting ester resins produced by the reaction of allyl alcohol with ortho-phthalic anhydride and meta-phthalic anhydride, respectively.
The cured resins have excellent electrical insulating properties including high insulation resistance and low electrical losses, even when subjected to to high heat and humidity over long periods of time.
Diallyl Phthalate also have excellent dimensional stability and do not warp in high-heat applications.
Furthermore, Diallyl Phthalate has low moisture absorption, excellent weathering properties, and good chemical resistance to many chemicals and solvents including aliphatic hydrocarbons, oils, alcohols, acids, and alkalis.

The monomers are often used as cross-linking agents in unsaturated (alkyd) polyester resins.
As polymers, DAP and DAIP prepolymers are mainly used as molding resins for electrical and electronic parts such as switches, connectors, control panels, circuit breakers, terminal boards, resistors, and insulators.
Other (potential) applications include laminates, prepregs, headlight lamp reflectors, bathtubs, sinks, appliance handles and control knobs.




USES OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
Diallyl Phthalate is used both for the monomeric and polymeric forms.
Diallyl Phthalate is used as a cross-linking agent in unsaturated polyester resins.
As a polymer, Diallyl Phthalate is used in the production of thermosetting molding powders, casting resins and laminates.

This is the material of choice for critical, high-performance military and commercial electrical components where long-term reliability is demanded due to its ability to retain its superior insulating properties, even when subjected to extreme environmental conditions of high heat and high humidity over long time periods.
Additionally, Diallyl Phthalate compounds will resist dimensional change in high-heat soldering environments where competitive materials may warp.





SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product





CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
Molecular Weight 246.26 g/mol
XLogP3 3.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Rotatable Bond Count 8
Exact Mass 246.08920892 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 246.08920892 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count 18
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 290
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Chemical NameDiallyl Phthalate
CAS Number131-17-9
Molecular FormulaC₁₄H₁₄O₄
AppearanceClear Colourless Oil
Molecular Weight246.26
Storage: 4°C, Light sensitive, Light sensitive
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Category: Building Blocks; Miscellaneous; Phthalates;
Applications: Diallyl Phthalate is used as a reagent in ring-closing ruthenium based reactions.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.12000 to 1.12200 @ 20.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 9.330 to 9.347
Refractive Index: 1.51600 to 1.52000 @ 20.00 °C.
Boiling Point: 329.07 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 1.160000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.230
Soluble in:
water, 182 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)
water, 43.27 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)


SYNONYMS OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
DIALLYL PHTHALATE
131-17-9
Allyl phthalate
Diallylphthalate
Dapon 35
Dapon R
Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-2-propenyl ester
Phthalic Acid Diallyl Ester
o-Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
NCI-C50657
NSC 7667
bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-di-2-propen-1-yl ester
Di-2-propenyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
phthalic acid, bis-allyl ester
CCRIS 1361
25053-15-0
HSDB 4169
Diallylester phthalic acid
EINECS 205-016-3
143318-73-4
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
UNII-F79L0UL6ST
BRN 1880877
F79L0UL6ST
AI3-02574
DTXSID7020392
DIPROP-2-ENYL BENZENE-1,2-DICARBOXYLATE
NSC-7667
EC 205-016-3
4-09-00-03188 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID70392
CAS-131-17-9
DAP monomer
di-allyl phthalate
Phtalate de diallyle
MFCD00008646
Phthalic acid diallyl
Diallyl phthalate, 97%
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicaciddi-2-propenylester
SCHEMBL15174
o-phthalic acid diallyl ester
Diallyl ester o-phthalic acid
MLS002415725
Diallyl ester of phthalic acid
WLN: 1U2OVR BVO2U1
Diallyl Phthalate Monomer, DAP
RX 1-501N (Salt/Mix)
CHEMBL1329372
DIALLYL PHTHALATE [HSDB]
NSC7667
HMS2267F17
LS-30
RX 3-1-530 (Salt/Mix)
Tox21_201961
Tox21_300135
Nonflammable decobest DA (Salt/Mix)
Diallyl phthalate, analytical standard
AKOS015891274
NCGC00091365-01
NCGC00091365-02
NCGC00091365-03
NCGC00091365-04
NCGC00254197-01
NCGC00259510-01
BS-14891
SMR001253767
FT-0624597
P0290
F87052
J-005948
Q2161731
1,2-bis(prop-2-en-1-yl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
1,2-di-2-Propen-1-yl Ester 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid
di-2-Propenyl Ester 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid
Allyl Phthalate
DAP Monomer
DAP-M
DT 170
Daiso DAP Monomer
Dap Tohto DT 170
Dapon R
Dappu
Diallyl Phthalate
NSC 7667


DIALLYL PHTHALATE
DESCRIPTION:
Diallyl phthalate is a clear pale-yellow liquid and Odorless.
Diallyl phthalate is a phthalate ester.
Phthalate esters are esters of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers, primarily used to soften polyvinyl chloride.

CAS:131-17-9
European Community (EC) Number:205-016-3
Molecular Formula: C14H14O4
IUPAC Name: bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate

Diallyl phthalate is found in a number of products, including glues, building materials, personal care products, detergents and surfactants, packaging, children's toys, paints, pharmaceuticals, food products, and textiles.
Diallyl phthalate is hazardous due to their ability to act as endocrine disruptors.
Diallyl phthalate is being phased out of many products in the United States and European Union due to these health concerns.

The term Diallyl phthalate is used both for the monomeric and polymeric forms.
The monomer is used as a cross-linking agent in unsaturated polyester resins.
As a polymer, Diallyl phthalate is used in the production of thermosetting molding powders, casting resins and laminates.

This is the material of choice for critical, high-performance military and commercial electrical components where long-term reliability is demanded due to its ability to retain its superior insulating properties, even when subjected to extreme environmental conditions of high heat and high humidity over long time periods.
Additionally, Diallyl phthalate compounds will resist dimensional change in high-heat soldering environments where competitive materials may warp.
Diallyl phthalate has high hardness and superior chemical resistance.
Diallyl phthalate is excellent for applications where edge retention is a concern.
Copper diallyl phthalate is electrically conductive for SEM and spectrometer applications.

Diallyl phthalate is a phthalate ester.
Phthalate esters are esters of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers, primarily used to soften polyvinyl chloride.

Diallyl phthalate is found in a number of products, including glues, building materials, personal care products, detergents and surfactants, packaging, children's toys, paints, pharmaceuticals, food products, and textiles.
Diallyl phthalate is hazardous due to their ability to act as endocrine disruptors.
Diallyl phthalate is being phased out of many products in the United States and European Union due to these health concerns.

APPLICATIONS OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
Diallyl phthalate is used as Cross-linking agent
Diallyl phthalate is used as thermosetting molding powders
Diallyl phthalate is used as casting resins, and laminates

Diallyl phthalate is used in military
Diallyl phthalate is used in electronic components.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
Molecular Weight 246.26 g/mol
XLogP3 3.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Rotatable Bond Count 8
Exact Mass 246.08920892 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 246.08920892 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count 18
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 290
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
vapor density: 8.3 (vs air)
Quality Level: 100
vapor pressure:2.3 mmHg ( 150 °C)
Assay:97%
Form: liquid
autoignition temp.:725 °F
refractive index: n20/D 1.519 (lit.)
bp: 165-167 °C/5 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.121 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Physical state Colorless, transparent liquid
Melting point –70 ºC
Boiling point 157 ºC at 6.7 hPa*
Relative density 1.12
Vapour pressure 2.13 × 10–4 hPa at 25 ºC
Water solubility 148 mg/L at 20 ºC (pH 6.9–7.3)
Partition coefficient noctanol/water (log value)
3.23 at 20 ºC
Henry’s law constant 3.86 × 10-7 atm-m³/mole Estimated by EPI WIN 3.11**
Flash point 166 ºC (closed cup)
Melting Point -70°C
Density 1.12
Boiling Point 160°C to 163°C (4mmHg)
Flash Point 166°C (330°F)
Odor Pungent, Makes Eyes Water
Refractive Index 1.519
Quantity 500 g
UN Number UN3082
Beilstein 1880877
Formula Weight 246.27
Density (g/cm3).:1.6
Surface Hardness:RM90
Tensile Strength (MPa): 45
Flexural Modulus (GPa): 6.8
Notched Izod (kJ/m): 0.38
Linear Expansion (/°C x 10-5): 3.4
Elongation at Break (%): 1.1
Max. Operating Temp. (°C): 160
Water Absorption (%): 0.3
Oxygen Index (%): 25
Flammability UL94:HB
Volume Resistivity (log ohm.cm): 15
Dielectric Strength (MV/m): 16
Dissipation Factor1kHz: 0.035
Dielectric Constant 1kHz: 5
HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C): 260+
HDT @ 1.80 MPa (°C): 170
Material Drying hrs @ °C: 4 @ 40
Melting Temp. Range (°C): 60 - 90
Mould Shrinkage (%): 0.6
Mould Temp. Range (°C): 150 - 180

SYNONYMS OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
DIALLYL PHTHALATE
131-17-9
Allyl phthalate
Diallylphthalate
Dapon 35
Dapon R
Phthalic Acid Diallyl Ester
Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-2-propenyl ester
o-Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
NCI-C50657
NSC 7667
bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-di-2-propen-1-yl ester
Di-2-propenyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
phthalic acid, bis-allyl ester
25053-15-0
F79L0UL6ST
143318-73-4
DTXSID7020392
DIPROP-2-ENYL BENZENE-1,2-DICARBOXYLATE
NSC-7667
DTXCID70392
CAS-131-17-9
CCRIS 1361
HSDB 4169
Diallylester phthalic acid
EINECS 205-016-3
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
UNII-F79L0UL6ST
BRN 1880877
AI3-02574
DAP monomer
di-allyl phthalate
MFCD00008646
Phthalic acid diallyl
Diallyl phthalate, 97%
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicaciddi-2-propenylester
EC 205-016-3
SCHEMBL15174
4-09-00-03188 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Diallyl ester o-phthalic acid
MLS002415725
Diallyl ester of phthalic acid
WLN: 1U2OVR BVO2U1
Diallyl Phthalate Monomer, DAP
RX 1-501N (Salt/Mix)
CHEMBL1329372
DIALLYL PHTHALATE [HSDB]
NSC7667
HMS2267F17
RX 3-1-530 (Salt/Mix)
Tox21_201961
Tox21_300135
Nonflammable decobest DA (Salt/Mix)
Diallyl phthalate, analytical standard
AKOS015891274
NCGC00091365-01
NCGC00091365-02
NCGC00091365-03
NCGC00091365-04
NCGC00254197-01
NCGC00259510-01
BS-14891
SMR001253767
FT-0624597
P0290
J-005948
Q2161731
1,2-bis(prop-2-en-1-yl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-2-propen-1-yl ester [ACD/Index Name]
1,2-Bis(prop-2-en-1-yl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
131-17-9 [RN]
205-016-3 [EINECS]
25053-15-0 [RN]
CZ4200000
Diallyl phthalate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Diallyl phthalate resin
Diallyl-phthalat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
diprop-2-en-1-yl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
MFCD00008646 [MDL number]
Phtalate de diallyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Phthalic acid, diallyl ester (8CI)
[131-17-9] [RN]
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid 1,2-di-2-propen-1-yl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-di-2-propen-1-yl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-2-propenyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicaciddi-2-propenylester
124743-27-7 [RN]
143318-73-4 [RN]
3,5-diiodo-2-methyl benzoic acid
3,5-Diiodo-2-methylbenzoic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-09-00-03188 [Beilstein]
4-09-00-03188 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
ALLYL PHTHALATE
benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid diallyl ester
bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
C049098
Dap
DAP monomer
Dapon R
dapon r.
Di-2-propenyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
diallyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Diallyl ester of phthalic acid
Diallyl ester o-phthalic acid
Diallyl Phthalate Monomer, DAP
Diallyl phthalic acid
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
diallylester phthalic acid
DIALLYLPHTHALATE
diprop-2-enyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
EINECS 205-016-3
NCGC00091365-02
Nonflammable decobest da
Nonflammable decobest DA (Salt/Mix)
o-phthalic acid diallyl ester
o-Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
phthalic acid diallyl ester
Phthalic acid, bis-allyl ester
Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
POLY(DIALLYL PHTHALATE)
prop-2-enyl 2-(prop-2-enyloxycarbonyl)benzoate
RX 1-501N (Salt/Mix)
RX 3-1-530 (Salt/Mix)
ST5405391
WLN: 1U2OVR BVO2U1



DIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUMCHLORIDE/PROPENAMIDE COPOLYMER
DIAMMONIUM CITRATE, N° CAS : 3012-65-5, Nom INCI : DIAMMONIUM CITRATE, Nom chimique : Diammonium hydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 221-146-3, Ses fonctions (INCI), Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Agent de chélation : Réagit et forme des complexes avec des ions métalliques qui pourraient affecter la stabilité et / ou l'apparence des produits cosmétiques
DIAMMONIUM PERSULFATE ( AMMONIUM PERSULFATE)
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2S2O8.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is a colourless (white) salt that is highly soluble in water, much more so than the related potassium salt.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is a strong oxidizing agent that is used as a catalyst in polymer chemistry, as an etchant, and as a cleaning and bleaching agent.

CAS: 7727-54-0
MF: H8N2O8S2
MW: 228.2
EINECS: 231-786-5

Synonyms
AP;APS;AMMONIUM PEROXODISULFATE;AMMONIUM PEROXODISULPHATE;AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULFATE;AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULPHATE;AMMONIUM PERSULFATE;AMMONIUM PERSULFATE, POUCHES;Ammonium persulfat;7727-54-0;Ammonium peroxydisulfate;Diammonium peroxydisulfate;Diammonium peroxydisulphate;Diammonium persulfate;Diammonium peroxodisulphate;Ammonium persulphate;Persulfate d'ammonium;Ammonium peroxodisulfate;CCRIS 1430;Ammonium peroxydisulphate;EINECS 231-786-;PEROXYDISULFURIC ACID, DIAMMONIUM SALT;UNII-22QF6L357F;HSDB 7985;22QF6L357F;Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), diammonium salt;DTXSID9029691;EC 231-786-5;AMMONIUM PERSULFATE (MART.);AMMONIUM PERSULFATE [MART.];Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), ammonium salt (1:2);Persulfate d'ammonium [French];diammonium ((sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl)oxidanide;diammonium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide;UN1444;ammonium persuiphate;ammonium per sulphate;PANREAC PA;ammonium peroxidisulfate;ammonium persulphate-d8;diazanium;sulfonatooxy sulfate;Bis(Ammonium) Peroxodisulfate;DTXCID209691;AMMONIUM PEROXIDODISULFATE;ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N;AMMONIUM PERSULFATE [INCI];AMMONIUM PERSULFATE [VANDF];Tox21_201161;AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULFATE [MI];AKOS025243328;NCGC00258713-01;CAS-7727-54-0;Ammonium persulfate [UN1444] [Oxidizer];AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULFATE ((NH4)2S2O8);Ammonium peroxydisulfate, Electrophoresis Grade;D95341

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is white, odorless single crystal, the formula is (NH4) 2S2O8, it has strong oxidation and corrosion, when heated, it decomposes easily, moisture absorption is not easy, it is soluble in water, the solubility increases in warm water, it can hydrolyze into ammonium hydrogen sulfate and hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution.
The dry product has good stability, storage is easy, and Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) has the advantage of convenience and safety and so on.
When heated to 120 °C, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can decompose, it is easily damped and it can cake in moist air.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is mainly used as an oxidizing agent and the preparation of hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate and other persulfate.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as free initiator of polymerization reaction, particularly vinyl chloride emulsion polymerization of polymerizable compound and redox polymerization.

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as bleaching agent in grease, soap industry.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used to prepare aniline dyes and dye oxidation and electroplating industry, photographic industry and chemical analysis.
For food-grade, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as modifier of wheat, brewer's yeast mildew.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as metal etchant, circuit board cleaning and etching, copper and aluminum surface activation, modified starch, pulp and textile bleaching at low temperature and desizing, circulating water purification treatment systems, oxidative degradation of harmful gases, low formaldehyde adhesive stick bound to accelerate, disinfectants, hair dye decolorization.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is non-flammable, but it can release of oxygen, so it has the role of combustion-supporting, storage environment must be dry and clean, and well-ventilated.
People should pay attention to moisture and rain, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) should not be transported in rain.
Keep away from fire, heat and direct sunlight.

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) should keep sealed packaging, clear and intact labels.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) should be stored separately with flammable or combustible materials, organic compounds, as well as rust, a small amount of metal, and other reducing substances, it should avoid be mixed to prevent the decomposition of ammonium persulfate and cause explosion.
Persulfates are strong oxidizing agents widely used in the production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane, rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents and hair bleaches.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is used as a hair bleaching agent.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) may induce irritant dermatitis, contact urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis and represents a major allergen in hairdressers.
A white crystalline solid.
A strong oxidizing agent.
Does not burn readily, but may cause spontaneous ignition of organic materials.
Used as a bleaching agent and as a food preservative.

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 120 °C
Density: 1.98
Vapor density: 7.9 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.50
Storage temp.: Store at +15°C to +25°C.
Solubility H2O: soluble
Form: powder
Color: White to yellow
Specific Gravity: 1.982
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 1 - 2
PH: 1.0-2.5 (25℃, 1M in H2O)
Water Solubility: 582 g/L (20 ºC) decomposes
Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
Merck: 14,541
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stable. Oxidizing. May ignite combustible material. Incompatible with bases, combustible material, hydrogen peroxide, peroxy compounds, silver compounds, zinc. May decompose upon exposure to water or moist air.
InChIKey: ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 7727-54-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) (7727-54-0)

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is colorless monoclinic crystal or white crystalline powder.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is soluble in water, the solubility is 58.2g/100ml water at 0℃.

Uses
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as analytical reagents, photographic fixing agent and reducing agent.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as food preservative, oxidizing agent and initiator of high-molecular polymer.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as raw material of producting persulfate and hydrogen peroxide in chemical industry, inhibitor of polymerization organic polymer, initiator of during the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as bleaching agent in grease, soap industry.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can also be used as corrodent in plate metals cutting eclipse and oil extraction in oil industry.
For food-grade, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as modifier of wheat, brewer's yeast mildew.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used for flour modifier (Limited ≤0.3g/kg, the Japanese standard, 1999); Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungicide (limit 0.1%, FAO/WHO, 1984).

As oxidizer and bleacher; to remove hypo; reducer and retarder in photography; in dyeing, manufacture of aniline dyes; oxidizer for copper; etching zinc; decolorizing and deodorizing oils; electroplating; washing infected yeast; removing pyrogallol stains; making soluble starch; depolarizer in electric batteries; In animal chemistry chiefly for detection and determination of manganese.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is a bleaching agent for food starch that is used up to 0.075% and with sulfur dioxide up to 0.05%.
As a source of radicals, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is mainly used as a radical initiator in the polymerization of certain alkenes.
Commercially important polymers prepared using persulfates include styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene.
In solution, the dianion dissociates into radicals:

[O3SO–OSO3]2− ⇌ 2 [SO4]•−

Regarding its mechanism of action, the sulfate radical adds to the alkene to give a sulfate ester radical.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is also used along with tetramethylethylenediamine to catalyze the polymerization of acrylamide in making a polyacrylamide gel, hence being important for SDS-PAGE and western blot.
Illustrative of its powerful oxidizing properties, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is used to etch copper on printed circuit boards as an alternative to ferric chloride solution.
This property was discovered many years ago.
In 1908, John William Turrentine used a Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) solution to etch copper.
Turrentine weighed copper spirals before placing the copper spirals into the Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) solution for an hour.
After an hour, the spirals were weighed again and the amount of copper dissolved by Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) was recorded.
This experiment was extended to other metals such as nickel, cadmium, and iron, all of which yielded similar results.
The oxidation equation is thus: S2O2−8 (aq) + 2 e− → 2 SO2−4 (aq).

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is a standard ingredient in hair bleach.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) are used as oxidants in organic chemistry.
For example, in the Minisci reaction and Elbs persulfate oxidation

Production methods
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be derived by the electrolysis of ammonium sulfate and dilute sulfuric acid and then crystallized.
Electrolytic process Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) and sulfuric acid formulates to form liquid electrolyte, it is decontaminated by electrolysis, HSO4-can discharge and generate peroxydisulfate acidat in the anode, and then reacts with ammonium sulfate to generate ammonium persulfate, ammonium persulfate goes through filtration, crystallization, centrifugal separation, drying to get ammonium persulfate product when the content reaches a certain concentration in the anode.

Anode reaction: 2HSO4--2e → H2S2O8
Cathodic reaction: 2H ++ 2e → H2 ↑
(NH4) 2S2O4 + H2S2O8 → (NH4) 2S2O8 + H2SO4

Contact allergens
Persulfates are strong oxidizing agents widely used in the production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane, rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents, and hair bleaches.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is used as a hair bleaching agent.
It may induce irritant dermatitis, (mainly) nonimmunologic contact urticaria, and allergic contact dermatitis and represents a major allergen in hairdressers.
People reacting to Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) also react to other persulfates such as potassium persulfate.
Inhalation produces slight toxic effects.
Contact with dust irritates eyes and causes skin rash.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can decompose of oxygen when high heat; it can generate toxic nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and ammonia fumes when heated.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is strong oxidant, it can explode when mixed with reducing agent, sulfur, phosphorus etc; it can explode when be heated, impacted, and meet fire.

Preparation and structure
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is prepared by electrolysis of a cold concentrated solution of either ammonium sulfate or ammonium bisulfate in sulfuric acid at a high current density.
The method was first described by Hugh Marshall.
The ammonium, sodium, and potassium salts adopt very similar structures in the solid state, according to X-ray crystallography.
In the ammonium salt, the O-O distance is 1.497 Å.
The sulfate groups are tetrahedral, with three short S-O distances near 1.44 Å and one long S-O bond at 1.64 Å.
DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 7783-28-0, Nom INCI : DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, Nom chimique : Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-987-8, Ses fonctions (INCI). Anticorrosif : Empêche la corrosion de l'emballage. Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection). Principaux synonymes Noms français : AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM MONOHYDROGEN ORTHOPHOSPHATE AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE MONOACID Ammonium phosphate, secondary AMMONIUM, PHOSPHATE D' (DIBASIQUE) AMMONIUM, PHOSPHATE D' (MONOACIDE) DIAMMONIUM ACID PHOSPHATE DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate Diammonium phosphate DIBASIC AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE Hydrogénoorthophosphate de diammonium Phosphate d'ammonium dibasique PHOSPHATE D'AMMONIUM MONOACIDE PHOSPHATE DE DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE DIAMMONIACAL Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt SECONDARY AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE Noms anglais : Ammonium phosphate, dibasic Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate Utilisation: Agent ignifuge, additif alimentaire et fertilisant.Diammonium phosphate [Wiki] ammonium phosphate [NF] 10LGE70FSU 231-987-8 [EINECS] 7783-28-0 [RN] Ammonium hydrogen phosphate (2:1:1) Ammonium hydrogenphosphate Ammonium phosphate dibasic Ammonium phosphate, dibasic Diammonium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium hydrogenphosphate di-Ammonium hydrogenphosphate (sec) Diammoniumhydrogenphosphat [German] dibasicammonium phosphate Hydrogénophosphate de diammonium [French] (NH4)2HPO4 [7783-28-0] Akoustan A Ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE Ammonium hydrogen phosphate solution Ammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate ammonium monohydrogen phosphate Ammonium orthophosphate dibasic Ammonium phosphate (NF) Ammonium phosphate [USAN] [USAN] ammonium phosphate, di- Ammonium phosphate, secondary Ammoniumhydrogenphosphate Coaltrol LPA 445 DAP, DAPLG diamine phosphate Diammonium acid phosphate Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate di-Ammonium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) diammonium hydrogen phosphate; diazanium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate Diammonium orthophosphate di-ammonium phosphate Diammonium Phosphate Food Grade Diammonium phosphate solution DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE|PHOSPHORIC ACID DIAMINE diammoniumhydrogenphosphate diazanium and hydron and phosphate diazanium hydrogen phosphate diazanium;hydrogen phosphate Dibasic ammonium phosphate EINECS 231-987-8 Fyrex Hydrogen diammonium phosphate I14-19729 K2 (phosphate) Pelor Phos-Chek 202A Phos-Chek 259 phosphoric acid diamine Phosphoric acid diammonium salt Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt
DIAZOLIDINYL UREA
Diazolidinyl Urea is a mixture of different formaldehyde addition products including polymers.
Diazolidinyl urea is chemically related to imidazolidinyl urea.
Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to protect them from bacterial and fungal contamination.

CAS Number: 78491-02-8
Molecular Formula: C8H14N4O7
Molecular Weight: 278.22
EINECS Number: 278-928-2

Synonyms:DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, 78491-02-8, Diazolidinylurea, 1-(1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, 1-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, N,N'-Bis(hydroxymethyl) urea, N-(1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, N9VX1IBW6K, n-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-n,n'-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, DTXSID0029559, Germall II, MFCD03547942, Urea, N-(1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, Germall 11, DTXCID009559, Imidazolidinyl urea 11, Diazolidinyl Urea (Technical Grade), Urea, N-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, CAS-78491-02-8, EINECS 278-928-2, UNII-H5RIZ3MPW4, UNII-N9VX1IBW6K, N-[1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea; Diazolidinylurea; Germaben II-E; Germall II; N-Hydroxymethyl-N-[1,3-di(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]-N'-hydroxymethylurea, H5RIZ3MPW4, EC 278-928-2, Diazolidinyl urea, >=95%, N-(Hydroxymethyl)-N-(1,3-dihydroxymethyl-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N'-(hydroxymethyl) urea, N-(Hydroxymethyl)-N-(1,3-dihydroxymethyl-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N'-(hydroxymethyl)urea, SCHEMBL34370, CHEMBL3187032, N-(1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-, CHEBI:136014, SOROIESOUPGGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N, Tox21_202068, Tox21_303365, AC1192, s5292, AKOS016010254, CCG-267223, CS-W010066, DB14173, HY-W009350, 1-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-imidazolidin-4-yl]-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, Urea, N-(1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, NCGC00249159-01, NCGC00257237-01, NCGC00259617-01, AS-73729, N-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo(1,3-diazolidin-4-yl)]-N-(hydroxymethyl)[(hydroxymethyl)amino]carboxamide, SY033470, DB-056316, D3769, NS00001993, EN300-18632140, Q5272201, W-104279, 1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)ureido]hydantoin, N,N'-BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)-N'-(1,3-BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)-2,5-DIOXO-4-IMIDAZOLIDINYL)UREA, N-hydroxymethyl-N-(1,3-di(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)-N'-hydroxy-methylurea, N-[1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea

Diazolidinyl urea releases formaldehyde, which helps to prevent the growth of microbes, thereby extending the shelf life of these products.
Diazolidinyl urea is primarily used in cosmetics, such as lotions, shampoos, conditioners, and other personal care products.
Diazolidinyl urea can also be found in some pharmaceutical products.

Diazolidinyl urea works by slowly releasing formaldehyde, a potent antimicrobial agent, which inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold.
Diazolidinyl urea is effective in preventing microbial growth, its use is sometimes controversial due to the formaldehyde release.
Formaldehyde can be an allergen and irritant, and in high concentrations, it is a known carcinogen.

However, the levels of formaldehyde released by Diazolidinyl urea in cosmetic products are typically low and regulated to be within safe limits.
Commercial Diazolidinyl urea is a mixture of different formaldehyde addition products including polymers.
Diazolidinyl urea is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products.

Diazolidinyl urea may release formaldehyde and cross-reactions to other formaldehyde-releasing substances may occur.
Diazolidinyl urea was poorly characterized until recently and the single Chemical Abstracts Service structure assigned to it is probably not the major one in the commercial material.
Instead, new data indicate that one of the hydroxymethyl functional groups of the imidazolidine ring is attached to the carbon, rather than on the urea nitrogen atom.

Diazolidinyl Urea is a synthetic preservative that protects formulations against harmful bacteria and fungi.
Diazolidinyl urea works by releasing formaldehyde in the products which prevents contamination - increasing the shelf life of the cosmetic products.
In its raw form, Diazolidinyl Urea appears as a fine white powder and acts as a crucial background ingredient in the beauty world.

However, it has considerable risks of allergies especially when used in higher concentrations. Proper formulation is necessary for its safe use.
Diazolidinyl Urea is a widely utilized preservative in the cosmetic industry, ensuring product stability and safety.
Its antimicrobial properties inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold, extending the shelf life of various formulations, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup.

By preventing microbial contamination, Diazolidinyl Urea helps maintain product integrity and efficacy, preserving the quality of cosmetics over time.
Despite some concerns about potential sensitivities, its effectiveness in preventing spoilage makes it a valuable ingredient in cosmetic formulations.

Diazolidinyl Urea is synthesized from two primary ingredients: allantoin and formaldehyde.
Allantoin, a compound found in plants and animals, undergoes a chemical reaction with formaldehyde under alkaline conditions to produce Diazolidinyl Urea.

An antimicrobial preservative that helps your products not to go wrong too quickly.
Diazolidinyl urea works especially well against bacteria, specifically gram-negative species, yeast, and mold.
Somewhat controversial, it belongs to an infamous family of formaldehyde-releasers.

That is, it slowly breaks down to form formaldehyde when it is added to a formula.
Diazolidinyl urea written more about formaldehyde-releasing preservatives and the concerns around them at Dmdm Hydantoin, but do not get too scared, those are more theories than proven facts.
Diazolidinyl urea is used as a preservative in cosmetics and medicated products.

Diazolidinyl urea can be found in creams, lotions, hair products and over-the-counter topical drugs such as medicated ointments.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.
Diazolidinyl urea, a broad spectrum preservative, is a formaldehyde-releasing compound that releases formaldehyde through its decomposition.

Diazolidinyl urea is effective against most contaminating microorganisms, especially Pseudomonas.
Diazolidinyl Urea is a water soluble preservative, providing broad spectrum anti-bacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Diazolidinyl Urea acts as a preservative.

Diazolidinyl urea provides broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
It delivers efficient antimicrobial power and balanced, synergistic & boasting broad-spectrum protection.
Moreover, it is compatible with many other cosmetic ingredients.

Diazolidinyl urea is effective at low dose and can be used to bolster other preservatives.
Diazolidinyl Urea preservative finds application in formulating leave-on & rinse-off formulas, hair-care products (conditioners, gels, mousses, novel stylers, shampoos, styling lotions/creams), body-care, color cosmetics, face & body washes, facial care & wipes and sun-care products (after-sun, self-tanning, and sun-protection).
Found in products like moisturizers, sunscreens, shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and makeup.

Pharmaceuticals: Used as a preservative in some topical drugs.
Household Products: Included in some cleaning products and detergents to prevent microbial growth.
Diazolidinyl urea functions as a formaldehyde releaser.

When incorporated into formulations, it decomposes slowly over time to release small amounts of formaldehyde.
This formaldehyde acts as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold.
Although effective as a preservative, the release of formaldehyde has raised safety concerns.

Diazolidinyl urea is a known carcinogen and can cause allergic reactions and skin irritation in sensitive individuals.
Regulatory agencies such as the FDA and the European Commission have established maximum allowable concentrations of formaldehyde in cosmetics.
For example, the European Union limits the concentration of free formaldehyde to 0.2% in cosmetic products.

People with formaldehyde allergies or sensitivities are advised to avoid products containing formaldehyde releasers like Diazolidinyl urea.
Due to the concerns surrounding formaldehyde-releasing preservatives, there is a growing trend towards using alternative preservatives.
Diazolidinyl urea a common preservative used in place of formaldehyde releasers.

Though controversial for other reasons, they do not release formaldehyde.
Such as essential oils, although they may not be as effective in all formulations.
Diazolidinyl urea is considered to be biodegradable.

Diazolidinyl urea is generally regarded as safe for the environment when used in recommended concentrations.
Diazolidinyl urea trade name for Diazolidinyl urea, often used in cosmetic formulations.
A combination of Diazolidinyl urea with other preservatives for enhanced efficacy.

Diazolidinyl urea is a white, odorless crystalline powder.
Its chemical formula is C8H14N4O7.
Diazolidinyl urea was first introduced in 1982.

Diazolidinyl urea releases formaldehyde in the process of using a product, which makes its use little objectionable.
Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics.
Diazolidinyl urea is chemically related to imidazolidinyl urea which is used in the same way.

Diazolidinyl urea acts as a formaldehyde releaser.
It is used in many cosmetics, skin care products, shampoos and conditioners, as well as a wide range of products including bubble baths, baby wipes and household detergents.
Diazolidinyl urea is found in the commercially available preservative Germaben.

Diazolidinyl urea, a formaldehyde re1easer, is mainly contained in cosmetics and toiletries, and can be found in barrier creams.
Diazolidinyl urea is a synthetic preservative used in various preparations.

Diazolidinyl urea is a colorless, odorless, stable, and water-soluble preservative.
Diazolidinyl urea is reported to have a wider antimicrobial spectrum than imidazolidinyl urea, which is structurally related.
Diazolidinyl urea is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, molds, and yeast but has limited activity against fungi.


Boiling point: 421.04°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.4734 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
refractive index: 1.6590 (estimate)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Water (Slightly)
form: Solid
pka: 11.22±0.46(Predicted)
color: White to Off-White
Water Solubility: 1000g/L at 20℃
Merck: 14,3000
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: SOROIESOUPGGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.9 at 20℃

Diazolidinyl urea was poorly characterized until recently and the single Chemical Abstracts Service structure assigned to it is probably not the major one in the commercial material.
Instead, new data indicate that the hydroxymethyl functional group of each imidazolidine ring is attached to the carbon, rather than on the nitrogen atom.
Diazolidinyl urea, also known as eczema, describes a type of inflammation of the skin.

Contact dermatitis or contact eczema is a term used when this inflammation is caused by direct or indirect skin contact with something in your environment.
Allergic contact dermatitis occurs when immune system causes allergy to a very specific chemical or substance that has been in contact with the skin.
Diazolidinyl urea is synthesized through a multi-step chemical process that involves the reaction of urea with formaldehyde and other reagents.

The specific steps can vary, but a general method includes:
Urea reacts with formaldehyde to form Diazolidinyl urea derivatives.
The Diazolidinyl urea derivatives undergo cyclization to form the imidazolidine ring structure.

The resulting product is Diazolidinyl urea, which contains the imidazolidine ring and multiple hydroxymethyl groups.
The FDA regulates the use of preservatives in cosmetics under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Diazolidinyl urea is allowed in cosmetic products, provided it meets safety requirements.

The European Union's Cosmetic Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 sets maximum allowable concentrations for formaldehyde in cosmetic products.
Diazolidinyl urea must be used in concentrations that ensure the free formaldehyde content does not exceed 0.2% in the final product.
Similar to the EU, Health Canada regulates the allowable levels of formaldehyde in cosmetics, ensuring safety for consumers.

Helps prevent microbial contamination in products that contain water and are prone to spoilage.
Preserves the product during prolonged storage and use.
Extends the shelf life of products like foundation, mascara, and eye shadows.

Ensures the product remains effective and safe for use over time.
Diazolidinyl urea is used in topical creams and ointments that require preservation against microbial contamination.
Included in some cleaning solutions and detergents to prevent bacterial and fungal growth during storage.

Individuals with formaldehyde sensitivity may experience allergic reactions such as contact dermatitis when exposed to products containing Diazolidinyl urea.
Manufacturers are required to use Diazolidinyl urea within regulated limits to ensure consumer safety.
Products must be tested for their formaldehyde content to comply with safety standards.

A glycol ether often used as a preservative in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
Diazolidinyl urea is effective against bacteria and yeast but less so against mold.
A class of preservatives that includes methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben.

Despite their effectiveness, parabens have faced scrutiny over potential health risks.
Preservatives like sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and their salts (potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate) are used for their antimicrobial properties.
Natural preservatives such as tea tree oil, lavender oil, and rosemary extract, although they may not be as potent and can affect the product's scent and stability.

Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics.
Diazolidinyl urea is chemically related to diazolidinyl urea which is used in the same way.
Diazolidinyl urea acts as a formaldehyde releaser.

A study examined the effects of various cosmetic preservatives, including Diazolidinyl Urea, on healthy human skin cells, highlighting the cellular responses and potential implications for skin health.
An extensive clinical review discussed allergic contact dermatitis caused by formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers such as Diazolidinyl Urea, providing insights into allergic reactions and safety concerns in dermatological practice.
Research on potential carcinogens in makeup cosmetics included Diazolidinyl Urea, emphasizing the safety and regulatory aspects concerning its use in cosmetic formulations.

A study integrated Diazolidinyl Urea in a patch test series to evaluate skin sensitization and allergic reactions in patients, aiding in the assessment of its allergenic potential.
Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative that acts as a formaldehyde releaser in cosmetics and personal care products.
Diazolidinyl Urea prevents or retards bacterial growth, and thus protects cosmetics and personal care products from spoilage.

Follow this link for more information about how preservatives protect cosmetics and personal care products.
Diazolidinyl urea is a formaldehyde-releasing preservative used in cosmetics and personal-care products, which has been identified as a sensitizing agent in contact dermatitis.
To determine whether DIAZ sensitization is secondary to formaldehyde release or due to its own allergenic properties, we reviewed 708 consecutive patch tests of patients with various dermatologic complaints.

Diazolidinyl urea is a water-soluble preservative.
This preservative is considered safe for use at concentrations up to 0.5%, although it’s usually present at lower concentrations because it’s typically part of a blend with other preservatives (such as parabens).
Diazolidinyl urea can be a formaldehyde-releasing preservative.

Uses:
Diazolidinyl urea is also used as a deodorizer because it helps by eliminating bacteria that produce foul smell in the sweat.
Diazolidinyl urea is commonly used in a wide range of cosmetic and personal care products to prevent microbial contamination, thereby extending the shelf life of these products.
Diazolidinyl urea keeps water-based creams and lotions free from bacteria and mold.

Prevents the growth of microorganisms that can spoil the Diazolidinyl urea.
Maintains product integrity by preventing microbial growth.
Diazolidinyl urea is used in products like foundations, mascaras, eye shadows, and blushes to prevent contamination.

Ensures the product remains effective and safe for use over time.
Preserves the product to ensure it remains safe for skin application.
Diazolidinyl urea is used in some pharmaceutical formulations, especially topical products that require preservation against microbial contamination.

Ensures the product remains free from microbial contamination during use.
Prevents microbial growth in therapeutic shampoos.
This preservative is also found in various household items where microbial contamination is a concern.

Included in formulations like sprays and detergents to prevent bacteria and mold.
Helps maintain the product’s integrity by preventing microbial growth during storage.
In some industrial settings, Diazolidinyl urea is used to preserve products that may be stored for extended periods.

Diazolidinyl urea is used to prevent microbial growth in water-based paints and coatings.
Ensures the longevity and safety of water-based adhesives by preventing microbial contamination.
Certain specialized products also benefit from the preservative properties of Diazolidinyl urea.

Helps in preventing microbial growth in fabric treatments.
Diazolidinyl urea is used in shampoos and other grooming products for pets to prevent contamination.
Although less common, Diazolidinyl urea can be used in certain food packaging materials to prevent microbial growth, thereby extending the shelf life of the packaged goods.

Diazolidinyl urea is extensively used in the cosmetic and personal care industry due to its effectiveness as a preservative.
Diazolidinyl urea prevents the growth of bacteria and fungi in hydrating and anti-aging products.
Maintains the safety and effectiveness of facial washes and cleansing oils.

Diazolidinyl urea preserves the integrity of water-based toners and astringents.
Ensures shampoos remain free from microbial contamination.
Diazolidinyl urea keeps conditioners safe for extended use.

Diazolidinyl urea found in gels, mousses, and sprays to prevent spoilage.
Prevents microbial growth in liquid and powder foundations.
Diazolidinyl urea ensures eye makeup remains safe and free from bacteria.

Diazolidinyl urea preserves the product's integrity and safety.
Maintains the safety and effectiveness of body moisturizers.
Keeps these products free from contamination.

Diazolidinyl urea prevents microbial growth in products that are applied to sensitive areas.
Diazolidinyl urea ensures these products remain effective and free from contamination.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Diazolidinyl urea is used in topical formulations to prevent microbial contamination, which is crucial for patient safety.

Diazolidinyl urea keeps ointments free from additional bacterial contamination.
Maintains the integrity and safety of creams used for treating inflammation.
Ensures lotions for skin conditions remain uncontaminated.

Diazolidinyl urea is used in various household cleaning and maintenance products.
Prevents the growth of bacteria and mold in multi-surface cleaners.
Diazolidinyl urea ensures products used in high-moisture environments remain effective.

Diazolidinyl urea maintains the efficacy of liquid detergents over time.
Preserves the integrity and effectiveness of dishwashing soaps.
In industrial settings, Diazolidinyl urea helps maintain the quality of products that are prone to microbial contamination.

Diazolidinyl urea is an antiseptic and deodorizer.
Diazolidinyl urea is also a broadspectrum preservative against bacteria and fungi.
Generally, it is used in concentrations of 0.03 to 0.3 percent.

It has been found that diazolidinyl urea is a stronger sensitizer than imidazolidinyl urea for people sensitive or allergic to formaldehyde.
Diazolidinyl urea is a preservative used in cosmetic creams, lotions, shampoos, hair gels, etc.
Diazolidinyl urea is used as a preservative in self-care products like creams, lotions, baby wipes, hand washes, bubble bath, shampoos.

It is however used in safe concentration n any product to improve shelf life or stability of a product.
Diazolidinyl urea can be considered as a broad-spectrum antiseptic for bacteria as well as fungi.

Safety profile:
Diazolidinyl urea’s use is restricted to maximum concentrations of 0.5%.
This limit in concentration is mostly due to mild irritation that can occur on the skin in concentrations greater that this maximum.
Some people have a contact allergy to Diazolidinyl urea causing dermatitis.

Such people are often also allergic to diazolidinyl urea.
In addition to being an allergen, it is a formaldehyde releaser, since it generates formaldehyde slowly as it degrades.

Although the formaldehyde acts as a bactericidal preservative, it is a known carcinogen.
In 2005–06, Diazolidinyl urea was the 14th-most-prevalent allergen in patch tests (3.7%).
Diazolidinyl Urea has considerable risks involved in the form of skin sensitivities like irritation and redness, especially when used in concentrations higher than 0.5%.

Due to its formaldehyde-releasing nature, it can exacerbate symptoms in those sensitive to formaldehyde.
Individuals with existing skin conditions or compromised skin barriers may be more susceptible to these side effects.
Patch testing before use is mandated.

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel evaluated the safety of diazolidinyl urea and found that the ingredient is safe for current uses and concentrations, and it has low eye irritation potential.
However, it has not been found to be sensitive to the skin or produce phototoxic effects.



DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic ester or DBE is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
Depending on the application, the alcohol may be methanol or higher molecular weight monoalcohols.
Mixtures of different methyl Dibasic ester are commercially produced from short-chain acids such as adipic acid, glutaric acid, and succinic acid.

CAS: 95481-62-2
MF: C21H36O12
MW: 480.51

They are non-flammable, readily biodegradable, non-corrosive, and have a mild, fruity odour.
Dibasic ester of phthalates, adipates, and azelates with C8 - C10 alcohols have found commercial use as lubricants, spin finishes, and additives.
Dibasic ester are a blend of dicarboxylic acid esters that are non-flammable, readily biodegradable, non-corrosive, and have a mild, fruity odour.
These properties make Dibasic ester a relatively safe solvent that can be used for a variety of purposes.
Dibasic ester is a refined mixture of dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids.
Dibasic ester is a liquid non-flammable, readily biodegradable and non-corrosive with mild fruity odor.

Dibasic ester is readily soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers, and many hydrocarbons, but only slightly soluble in water and higher paraffins.
Dibasic ester’s are refined dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric, and succinic acids.
Dibasic ester’s are clear, colourless liquids
having a mild, characteristic fruity odour.
They are readily soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers, and many hydrocarbons, but are only slightly soluble in water and hydrocarbons.
Dibasic ester is non-flammable, noncorrosive, and quickly biodegrading – all factors leading to an environmentally-friendly formulation options.

Dibasic ester Chemical Properties
Melting point: -20°C
Boiling point: 196-225 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.19 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.424(lit.)
Fp: 212 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Explosive limit: 8%
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H14O4.C7H12O4.C6H10O4/c1-11-7(9)5-3-4-6-8(10)12-2;1-10-6(8)4-3-5-7(9)11-2;1-9-5(7)3-4-6(8)10-2/h3-6H2,1-2H3;3-5H2,1-2H3;3-4H2,1-2H3
InChIKey: QYMFNZIUDRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(=O)(OC)CCC(=O)OC.C(C(=O)OC)CCCC(=O)OC.C(C(=O)OC)CCC(=O)OC
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibasic ester (95481-62-2)

Dibasic ester is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
Non-flammable, non-corrosive, and quickly biodegrading – all factors leading to an environmentally-friendly product.
Easily soluble in alcohol and only slightly soluble in water, Dibasic ester is colorless, clear and has a slightly fruity odor.

Uses
Dibasic ester was commonly used as lubricants, solvents, plasticizers, additives, and spin finishes.
Dibasic ester acts as a coating agent for magnet and enamel wires, magnetic memory discs, automobiles, coils, cans, sheets, industrial paint, et cetera.

Dibasic ester and its fractions serve as raw materials for plasticizers, polymers.
N/Aer (DBE) and its fractions serve as raw materials for plasticizers, polymers.
These applications are growing rapidly as new uses are found for Dibasic ester's as building blocks.

Applications:
Plasticizers
Certain esters of adipic, glutaric, and succinic acids (as mixtures or individually) are excellent plasticizers for various polymer systems including polyvinyl chloride resins.

Polymer Intermediate
As a source of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids and their mixtures, Diabasic Esters provide unique polymer structures.
By the selection of the proper Dibasic ester fraction, properties, such as low temperature flexibility, can be tailored to meet specific needs.

Polyester Polyols for Urethanes
Polyols based on Dibasic ester are used to make polyurethane elastomers, coatings and both flexible and rigid foams.

Wet-Strength Paper Resins
Dibasic ester-2, Dibasic ester-5, and Dibasic ester-9 are particularly useful in the preparation of long-chain water soluble polyamides of the type which can be reacted with epichlorohydrin to form wet-strength paper resins.

Polyester Resins
Dibasic ester's are used extensively in the manufacture of saturated and unsaturated polyester resins.

Specialty Chemical Intermediate
Dimethyl succinate (DBE-4), dimethyl glutarate (DBE-5) and dimethyl adipate (DBE-6) are abundant and economical sources of the adipic, glutarate and succinic moieties for organic synthesis.

1) Preparation of nano anti-scaling and anti-corrosion coatings for gathering and transportation pipelines, which are applied to anti-scaling and anti-corrosion in petroleum gathering and transportation pipelines.
Dibasic ester is characterized in that it is composed of 1 part by weight of agent A and 0.1 to 0.3 parts by weight of agent B, agent A includes bisphenol A epoxy resin, n-butanol, xylene, divalent acid ester, polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane, high molecular weight block copolymer containing pigment affinity group, foam-breaking polysiloxane, polyether siloxane co-polymer, polyacrylate, high molecular weight polycarboxylic acid containing amine derivatives, nano titanium dioxide, nano silicon dioxide, sericite, talc and flake graphite; Among them, agent B includes polyamide.

The effect is: the coating has excellent workability and storage stability, and the coating film has excellent anti-fouling performance and excellent corrosion resistance.
The scale inhibition rate of pipelines can reach above 80%.

2) an environment-friendly high-performance bait brightener was prepared, which was composed of divalent acid ester, PVC powder, free radical photoinitiator, ethyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, liquid paraffin and magnetized water.
Dibasic ester uses divalent acid ester and PVC powder as the main raw materials, supplemented by free radical photoinitiator, ethyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, liquid paraffin and magnetized water, and is refined by advanced production technology.
Among them, ethyl acetate and polyvinyl butyral mainly play a role in increasing viscosity, so that the brightener can adhere to the surface of the bait, and ethyl acetate has a fruity smell, which is easy to attract fish for food.
The main function of divalent acid ester is to dissolve PVC powder, which has the effects of brightening and improving gloss.
Dibasic ester is a degradable and environment-friendly solvent.
After the bait brightener is impregnated, heated and dried, the product can present a high-light state, with bright color, lifelike, and high fish lure rate, especially to attract fish in deep waters.

Production method
(1) continuous catalytic esterification: including the first catalytic esterification and the second catalytic esterification: a first catalytic esterification: according to the mass ratio of nylon acid, methanol and hydrous cerium sulfate catalyst of 1:1.3:0.02, weigh each raw material, add the raw materials nylon acid and methanol to the reaction kettle in sequence, then add the hydrous cerium sulfate catalyst, heat while stirring, heat to 120 ℃, keep the temperature unchanged, the pressure inside the reaction kettle is controlled to be 125KPa, and the reaction is carried out for 1 hour.

The aqueous cerium sulfate catalyst is composed of cerium sulfate active component and double mesoporous silicon carrier, wherein the mass percentage of cerium sulfate is 42%, and the balance is double mesopores.
The pore size of the small mesopores of the double mesopores is 3-5nm, and the pore size of the large mesopores is 10. B The second catalytic esterification: The reaction is carried out by continuously introducing methanol into the reaction kettle.
The water generated by the reaction is brought out with methanol to continue the reaction. The amount of methanol added is the amount of methanol added in the first catalytic esterification. 143%, this reaction stage is an atmospheric reaction.

The reaction temperature is controlled by controlling the methanol inlet speed.
The reaction temperature at this stage is 130 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, and adding titanate catalysts, the addition amount is 8.2‰ of the total mass of the reactants, and the acid value is measured for 5 hours.
When the acid value reaches less than 5mgKOH/g, the temperature is rapidly reduced to 65 ℃, the reaction is stopped, and the crude product is obtained.
The titanate catalyst is a mixture of tetraethyl titanate, tetrapropyl titanate and tetraisopropyl titanate, and the mass ratio is 2:5:3.

(2) alkali washing and neutralization: filter and separate the catalyst, slowly add 20% NaHCO3 to the crude product of the reaction kettle, stir at a rate of 100rad/min while adding at a temperature of 85 ℃, stop adding and continue stirring for 10min when the acid value of the crude product is lower than 0.5mgKOH/g; The separated catalyst is reused after simple treatment, and the number of times of use is recorded.

(3) standing at low temperature: place the above products at an ambient temperature of -3 ℃ and stand for 25min. after stratification, the water layer is separated to remove water.

(4) pump the crude product material after water removal into the light removal tower, reduce the pressure to -0.01MPa, set the top temperature to 105 ℃, remove the light components, and circulate the methanol in the light components to the catalytic esterification reactor for reuse after dehydration and impurity removal; The packing layer provided in the light removal tower adopts polypropylene plastic step ring, the diameter of the step ring used is 50mm, and the top part adopts reflux in tube.

(5) put the crude product with light components removed into the weight removal tower, and decompress to remove the heavy components; The pressure after decompression is controlled to-0.085MPa, the top temperature of the weight removal tower is controlled to 125 ℃, the bottom temperature of the tower is controlled to 150 ℃, the reflux ratio is set to 0.7, and the products at the top of the tower are collected.
The product processed by the above method, after testing, the color of the product is stable, the chromaticity is light, and the chromaticity is not much different.

The main component is NME (dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl adipate) The purity of NME is 99.82%, of which the content of methanol is 0.021%, and the content of mono-methyl ester is 0.012 ‰; after the quality analysis of the various components before, the selectivity of the reaction is 99.83%; the acid value of the product is 0.14mgKOH/g; the moisture content of the product is 0.020%; after the catalyst is used for 30 times, the activity decreases less than 10%, it is stable during use, and has good reuse performance.
It is not easy to be poisoned, will not corrode equipment, and will not pollute the environment.

Synonyms
Estasol
Dibasic ester
95481-62-2
RDPE
dimethyl butanedioate;dimethyl hexanedioate;dimethyl pentanedioate
DBE dibasic ester
Pentanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl hexanedioate
Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butandedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate
Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate
SCHEMBL4450294
dimethyl adipate dimethyl glutarate dimethyl succinate
dimethyl butanedioate,dimethyl hexanedioate,dimethyl pentanedioate
dimethyl adipate compound with dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate (1:1:1)
DBE
MADE
IMSOL
DIBASIC ACID
DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic Esters
Dbe Dibasic Ester
DBE DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic Esters(DBE)
DBE, Dibasic ester mixture
Mixed Aliphatic Dimethyl Esters
DBE,Dibasic Esters,Dimethyl butanedioate
DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE
CAS number: 94-36-0
EC number: 202-327-6
Molecular formula: C14H10O4
Formula Weight: 242.23

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of Dibenzoyl peroxides structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Dibenzoyl peroxideis a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.
Dibenzoyl peroxide may cause skin irritation in people with sensitive skin.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a colorless, crystalline solid with a faint odor of benzaldehyde resulting from the interaction of benzoyl chloride and a cooled sodium peroxide solution.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is insoluble in water.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in specified cheeses at 0.0002% of milk level.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used for the bleaching of flour, slowly decomposing to exert its full bleaching action, which results in whiter flour and bread.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a widely used organic compound of the peroxide family.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is often used in acne treatments , bleaching and polymerizing polyester and many other uses.
As a bleach, Dibenzoyl peroxidehas been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.

Applications of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is widely utilized as a radical initiator to induce polymerizations.
Dibenzoyl peroxide finds applications for acne treatment, for bleaching flour, hair and teeth and for cross-linking polyester resins.
Dibenzoyl peroxide also has major applications in antiseptic and bleaching properties.
Dibenzoyl peroxide serves as a catalyst for polyester thermoset resins and as a hardener to start the polymerization process.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a peroxide with antibacterial, irritant, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory activity.
Upon topical application, Dibenzoyl peroxide decomposes to release oxygen which is lethal to the bacteria Proprionibacterium acnes.
Due to Dibenzoyl peroxides irritant effect, Dibenzoyl peroxide increases turnover rate of epithelial cells, thereby peeling the skin and promoting the resolution of comedones.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Dibenzoyl peroxide appears as odorless white powder or granules.

Keep Dibenzoyl peroxide in a cool place in isolation, out of the sunlight and away from heat.
Dibenzoyl peroxide acts as an antibacterial, irritant, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory agent when applied topically to the human epithelium.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Relating to agricultural, including the raising and farming of animals and growing of crops
-Related to animals (but non-veterinary) e.g., animal husbandry, farming of animals/animal production, raising of animals for food or fur, animal feed, products for household pets
-Products used on crops, or related to the growing of crops
-Arts and crafts supplies such as painting, beading/jewelry making, scrapbooking, needlecrafts, clay, etc.
-Relatived to the maintenance and repair of automobiles, products for cleaning and caring for automobiles (auto shampoo, polish/wax, undercarriage treatment, brake grease)
-Binding agents, used in paint, sand, etc
-General bleaching agents, bleaching agents for textiles (unclear if bleaching agents are for consumer or industrial use)
-Related to the building or construction process for buildings or boats (includes activities such as plumbing and electrical work, bricklaying, etc)
-Related to the building or repair of ships, pleasure boats, or sporting boats

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a peroxide with an antibacterial, irritant, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory activity.
Upon topical application, Dibenzoyl peroxide decomposes to release oxygen which is lethal to the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes.
Due to its irritant effect, Dibenzoyl peroxide increases the turnover rate of epithelial cells, thereby peeling the skin and promoting the resolution of comedones.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

As a medication, Dibenzoyl peroxide is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis on the WHO List of Essential Medicines, and, in the US, Dibenzoyl peroxideis available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also used in the plastics industry and for bleaching flour, hair, and textiles.

History of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide was first prepared and described by Liebig in 1858.
Dibenzoyl peroxidewas the first organic peroxide prepared intentionally.

Medical uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is effective for treating acne lesions.
Dibenzoyl peroxidedoes not induce antibiotic resistance.
Dibenzoyl peroxidemay be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include Dibenzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and adapalene/Dibenzoyl peroxide, an unusual formulation considering most retinoids are deactivated by peroxides.
Combination products such as Dibenzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and Dibenzoyl peroxide/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than Dibenzoyl peroxide alone for the treatment of acne lesions.
The combination tretinoin/Dibenzoyl peroxide was approved in 2021.

Dibenzoyl peroxide for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of Dibenzoyl peroxide are more effective than lower concentrations.

Mechanism of action:
Classically, Dibenzoyl peroxide is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.
In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.
The free-radical reaction of Dibenzoyl peroxide can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
Dibenzoyl peroxidecan cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making Dibenzoyl peroxidebactericidal, and Dibenzoyl peroxidewas thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.
Some evidence suggests that Dibenzoyl peroxide has an anti-inflammatory effect as well. In micromolar concentrations Dibenzoyl peroxideprevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne.

Other medical uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in dentistry as a tooth whitening product.

Non-medical uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is one of the most important organic peroxides in terms of applications and the scale of its production.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis often used as a convenient oxidant in organic chemistry.

Bleaching of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Like most peroxides, Dibenzoyl peroxideis a powerful bleaching agent.
Dibenzoyl peroxidehas been used for the bleaching of flour, fats, oils, waxes, and cheeses, as well as a stain remover.

Polymerization of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions, such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.

Reactivity of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide, a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2

Dibenzoyl peroxide is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, Dibenzoyl peroxide readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:
(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2

The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.
The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of Dibenzoyl peroxide is one hour at 92 °C.
At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.

Chemical Properties of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Formula: C14H10O4
Formula Weight: 242.23
Storage & Sensitivity: Ambient temperatures.
Solubility:
Soluble in ether and chloroform.
Slightlysoluble in ethanol.
Insoluble in water.

Use and Manufacturing of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Household & Commercial/Institutional Products:
-Home Maintenance
-Inside the Home
-Personal Care

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Bricks or related to bricklaying/masonry
-Plumbing, plumbing tools (home or industrial use)
-Materials used in the building process, such as flooring, insulation, caulk, tile, wood, glass, etc.
-Fillers for paints, textiles, plastics, etc
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
-Insulating materials to protect from noise, cold, etc (such as used in homes or buildings), insulating materials related to electricity
-Caulk, mortar, or putty compounds
-Wall construction materials, or wall coverings
-Casting agents or molding compounds for plastics, sand, or metals
-Catalyst
-Modifier used for chemical, when chemical is used in a laboratory

Industry Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Adhesives and sealant chemicals
-Fillers
-Intermediates
-Oxidizing/reducing agents
-Plasticizers
-Process regulators
-Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Consumer Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Adhesives and sealants
-Arts, crafts, and hobby materials
-Automotive care products
-Personal care products
-Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere

Industry Processing Sectors of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Adhesive manufacturing
-All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
-Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
-Miscellaneous manufacturing
-Paint and coating manufacturing
-Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
-Plastic material and resin manufacturing
-Plastics product manufacturing
-Rubber product manufacturing
-Services

About Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used to treat acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide works as an antiseptic to reduce the number of germs (bacteria) on the surface of your skin.

Dibenzoyl peroxide comes as a gel or face wash containing 5% Dibenzoyl peroxide.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is available to buy from pharmacies under the brand name Acnecide.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is sometimes mixed with potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an "antimicrobial" ingredient that kills micro-organisms on your skin.
Dibenzoyl peroxide's sold in pharmacies as Quinoderm cream.

Some Dibenzoyl peroxide products are available on prescription only.
This is because they contain other active ingredients such as antibiotics or retinoids (exfoliants).

Many popular skincare brands also make products that contain Dibenzoyl peroxide, but at a lower strength.
These are available to buy in pharmacies, supermarkets and shops.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Related to products specifically designed for children (e.g. toys, children's cosmetics, etc)
-Term used for colorants, dyes, or pigments; includes colorants for drugs, textiles, personal care products (cosmetics, tatoo inks, hair dye), food colorants, and inks for printing
-Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives
-Drug product, or related to the manufacturing of drugs; modified by veterinary, animal, or pet
-Fillers for paints, textiles, plastics, etc
-Pharmaceutical related
-Fixatives or fixing agents
-Includes antifoaming agents, coagulating agents, dispersion agents, emulsifiers, flotation agents, foaming agents, viscosity adjustors, etc
-Includes spices, extracts, colorings, flavors, etc added to food for human consumption
-Includes food packaging, paper plates, cutlery, small appliances such as roasters, etc.; does not include facilities that manufacture food
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Related to the activity of hunting

Key facts about Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide 5% takes around 4 weeks to start working.
You'll usually use Dibenzoyl peroxide 1 or 2 times a day.
The most common side effect is skin irritation.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is better to use it less often at first, then build up as your skin gets used to it.
Pharmacy brands include Acnecide 5% gel and Acnecide Wash 5%.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also an ingredient in Duac Once Daily (with clindamycin, an antibiotic) and Epiduo gel (with adapalene, a retinoid).

Who can and cannot use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Most adults and children over 12 years old can use Dibenzoyl peroxide.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is not suitable for some people.
To make sure Dibenzoyl peroxide is safe for you, tell your doctor before using this medicine if you:
-are allergic to Dibenzoyl peroxide or other medicines.
-have damaged or broken skin where you need to use the treatment.
-have very bad acne with nodules (large, hard lumps that build up beneath the surface of the skin and can be painful) or cysts (large, pus-filled lumps that look similar to boils).
These need to be treated by a doctor to avoid scarring.

How and when to use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Dibenzoyl peroxide is for use on your skin only.

Always wash your hands before and after using this medicine.
If your skin becomes dry or starts peeling, try using Dibenzoyl peroxide less often.
Put Dibenzoyl peroxide on once a day or once every 2 days, until your skin gets used to it.

Dibenzoyl peroxide can bleach or discolour your hair, as well as clothes, towels and bedding.
Keep Dibenzoyl peroxide away from hair and coloured fabrics.
How to use Dibenzoyl peroxide 5% gel

Wash the affected area with a mild skin cleanser and water.
Gently pat your skin dry.
Put a thin layer of gel on all the affected areas.
If your whole face has acne, use a strip of gel (2.5cm long) each time.
You'll usually use the gel once or twice a day.
If you have sensitive skin, use the gel once a day, before going to bed.

Try to avoid strong sunlight while using Dibenzoyl peroxide gel.
Use an oil-free sunscreen, or a moisturiser or foundation with added SPF30.
In stronger sunlight, use SPF30 or above.
Ask a pharmacist to help you pick a sunscreen that's right for your skin type.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Term applied when source specifically indicates product is for industrial use, or use in the industrial sector
-Related to electrical work (such as wiring of a building), electric current insulation materials, or other electrical components
-General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
-Wood used as a building material, wood preservatives
-Related to manufacturing for export
-Manufacturing of or related to machinery, for production of cement or food, air/spacescraft machinery, electrical machinery, etc
-Beverages for human consumption (e.g., juice, water, alcohol), or related to beverages for human consumption (e.g. machinery for production of beverages, or facilities serving beverages)
-Chemicals in cigarettes, or tobacco related products, or related to the manufacturing of tobacco products
-General medical instruments or medical facilities, spectacle lenses and optical instruments
-Related to metals - manufacturing of metals, casting of metals, production of metals, surface treatment of metals, etc

How long will I use Dibenzoyl peroxide for?
Dibenzoyl peroxide depends on how quickly your condition improves.
Dibenzoyl peroxide will usually start to work within 4 weeks, but once your acne is under control you may want to keep using it to stop your acne coming back.

What if I forget to use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Dibenzoyl peroxide does not matter if you forget to use Dibenzoyl peroxide.
When you remember, start using Dibenzoyl peroxide again once or twice a day in the same way as before.

What if I use Dibenzoyl peroxide too much?
If you use too much Dibenzoyl peroxide, your skin may become irritated.
Wash off as much as you can and wait for the irritation to go away.

When your skin has calmed down again, you can start using Dibenzoyl peroxide again.
Be careful to follow the instructions on the package.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Personal care products used on the face (includes facial treatments, oil and blemish control, make-up removers, facial cleansers)
-Inert ingredients in a pesticide
-Related to photography, film, photographic equipment, photographic laboraties, photochemicals, and developing of photographs
-Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Accelerators, activators, oxidation agents, reducing agents, etc
-Vulcanizing agents and rubberizing materials
-Surface treatments for metals, hardening agents, corrosion inhibitors, polishing agents, rust inhibitors, water repellants, etc (surfaces to be applied to often not indicated in source description)
-Bleaching agent for flour, fats, oils, and waxes; polymerization catalyst; drying agent for unsaturated oils; pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes; rubber vulcanization without sulfur; burnout agent for acetate yarns; production of cheese; embossing vinyl flooring (proprietary).
-Source of free radicals for industrial processes. Oxidizing agent in bleaching oils, flour, etc.; catalyst in the plastics industry; initiator in polymerization.
-For Dibenzoyl peroxide (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 128964) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

About Dibenzoyl peroxide Helpful information:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, adhesives and sealants and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as reactive substance.

Article service life:
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Dibenzoyl peroxide is most likely to be released to the environment.
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers.
ECHA has no public registered data on the types of manufacture using Dibenzoyl peroxide.
Other release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as reactive substance.

Formulation or re-packing:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
Release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses at industrial sites:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and rubber products.
Release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and as processing aid.

Manufacture:
Release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

Although the precise cause of acne is unclear, Dibenzoyl peroxide appears to be associated with at least four factors: increased sebum production, follicular keratinization, bacterial colonization, and inflammation.
The study suggests the prevalent bacterium implicated in the clinical course of acne is Propionibacterium acnes (P acnes), a gram-positive anaerobe that normally inhabits the skin and is implicated in the inflammatory phase of acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is mainly indicated in the treatment of mild to moderate acne and is often prescribed in conjunction with oral antibiotics (erythromycin or clindamycin) in the treatment of moderate to severe acne.

Dibenzoyl peroxide used in 2.5, 5, and 10 percent concentrations, depending on the acne severity.
Usually, these are in a gel spreading agent, but they can also be in a cream base or a drying paste.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is keratolytic, which means “keratin-dissolving” and works by loosening dead cells stuck in the follicles.
Dibenzoyl peroxide also releases oxygen in the follicle.
Because acne bacteria are anaerobic, they cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
Dibenzoyl peroxide essentially works both as an interfollicular exfoliant and as an antibacterial.

Mode of action:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is lipophilic that can penetrate the stratum corneum and enter the pilosebaceous follicle.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is rapidly broken down to benzoic acid and hydrogen peroxide and generates free radicals that oxidize proteins in bacterial cell membranes, exerting a bactericidal action.
In addition, it has been shown that Dibenzoyl peroxide can reduce the free fatty acid content of sebum, which provides a useful marker for bacterial activity.
Dibenzoyl peroxide has an anti-inflammatory action and vitro studies suggest that this action arises from its ability to kill polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN cells) in the pilosebaceous follicles and so prevent their release of reactive oxygen species such as peroxides which enhance tissue inflammation.

Involving equation about this process:
C6H5C(O)O-OC(O)C6H5 + H2O 2 C6H5COOH + ½ O2
Moreover, due to its irritant effect, Dibenzoyl peroxide increases the turnover rate of epithelial cells, thereby peeling the skin and promoting the resolution of comedones.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is used as a bleaching agent for certain foods, an oxidizing agent, a polymerizing initiator in the manufacture of plastics, a curing agent for silicone rubber, and an ingredient in various industrial processes.
Dibenzoyl peroxide, like most peroxides, is a powerful bleaching agent.
Dibenzoyl peroxide has a long history of use in the food industry as a bleaching agent added for flour, whey, and milk for cheese making.

Contact with fabrics or hair can cause permanent color dampening almost immediately.
Even secondary contact can cause bleaching.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is widely used as a catalyst in the polymerisation of molecules like styrene (phenylethene) to form polystyrene, which used to make many things from drinking cups to packaging material.

Dibenzoyl peroxide and Pregnancy :
There are no studies looking at women who use topical Dibenzoyl peroxide during pregnancy.
When Dibenzoyl peroxide is applied topically, only 5% is absorbed through the skin, and then it is completely metabolized to benzoic acid within the skin and excreted unchanged in the urine.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is not likely to increase risk for birth defects or cause problems for the baby.
However, systemic effects on a pregnant woman and her child would not be expected and therefore use of this product during pregnancy would not be of concern.

Description of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide may affect workers in the electronics and plastics (epoxy resins and catalysts) industries, electricians, ceramic workers, dentists and dental technicians, laboratory technicians and bakers.
As it was contained in candles, Dibenzoyl peroxide also induced contact dermatitis in a sacristan.
However, some positive tests are of unknown occupational relevance.

Chemical Properties of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an odorless, white or colorless crystalline powder.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial ingredient commonly used in acne treatments.
Dibenzoyl peroxide functions by forcing an oxidant (peroxide in this case) into the philosebaceous orifice where it releases oxygen, thereby diminishing the P. acnes population.
This reduces the level of free fatty acids and skin infection.

Source of free radicals for industrial processes.
Oxidizing agent in bleaching oils, flour, etc.; catalyst in the plastics industry; initiator in polymerization.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used as a source offree radicals in many organic syntheses andto initiate polymerizations of styrene, vinylchloride, vinyl acetate, and acrylics; to curethermoset polyester resins and silicone rubbers;in medicine for treating acne; and forbleaching vegetable oil, cheese, flour, and fats.

Indications of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is a potent oxidizing agent that has both antimicrobial and comedolytic properties; its primary use is in treating acne vulgaris.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is converted in the skin to benzoic acid; clearance of absorbed drug is rapid, and no systemic toxicity has been observed.
The major toxicities are irritation and contact allergy.
Outgrowth of bacteria resistant to topical antibiotics used to treat acne can be reduced by the addition of Dibenzoyl peroxide in combination products such as erythromycin (Benzamycin) and clindamycin (Benzaclin).

Veterinary Drugs and Treatments:
Dibenzoyl peroxide products are used topically either as gels or in shampoos.
Shampoos are generally used for seborrheas, greasy skin (seborrhea oleosa), or crusty pyodermas (such as seborrheic dermatitis/pyoderma commonly seen in Cocker Spaniels).
Gels may be useful for treating recurrent localized skin infections (e.g., chin acne), localized Demodex lesions, superficial and deep pyodermas (adjunctive therapy), seborrhea oleosa, and Schnauzer comedo syndrome.

Dibenzoyl peroxide possesses antimicrobial (especially antibacterial), keratolytic and antiseborrheic actions.
Dibenzoyl peroxide also is Dibenzoyl peroxide has some mild antipruritic activity and wound healing effects, and is thought to increase follicular flushing.
Dibenzoyl peroxide’s antimicrobial activity is due to the oxidative benzoyl peroxy radicals formed that disrupt cell membranes.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Various types of paint for various uses
-Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives
-Rubber products (e.g. tires) and their manufacture
-Relatived to the maintenance and repair of automobiles, products for cleaning and caring for automobiles (auto shampoo, polish/wax, undercarriage treatment, brake grease)
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Personal care products, including cosmetics, shampoos, perfumes, soaps, lotions, toothpastes, etc
-Subcategory of personal_care, includes fragrances, shampoos, make-up, etc.
-Personal care products used on the face (includes facial treatments, oil and blemish control, make-up removers, facial cleansers)
-Chemicals on lists subject to restrictions of use (i.e. some use allowed, but use is limited) in Europe
-Substances used for preventing, destroying or mitigating pests

Storage of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide should be stored in acool and well-ventilated area, isolated fromother chemicals and free of heating andelectrical installations.
Dry compound maybe shipped in polyethylene-lined paper bagsor fiber containers packed in wooden boxeso.

Purification Methods of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dissolve Dibenzoyl peroxide in CHCl3 at room temperature and precipitate it by adding an equal volume of MeOH or pet ether.
Similarly Dibenzoyl peroxide is precipitated from acetone by adding two volumes of distilled water.
Dibenzoyl peroxide has also been crystallised from 50% MeOH and from diethyl ether.

How to use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Before you start the treatment, read the manufacturer's printed information leaflet from inside the pack.
Dibenzoyl peroxide will give you more information about Dibenzoyl peroxide and will provide you with a full list of the side-effects which you could experience from using it.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is recommended that you use Dibenzoyl peroxide once or twice each day.

When you first start using it, you will be recommended to use a 4% or 5% strength preparation.
This will help keep any skin irritation to a minimum.
If you find Dibenzoyl peroxide does irritate then try the 2.5% strength once the irritation has settled.
These strength preparations often work as well as the higher 10% strength preparations and cause less skin irritation.
If necessary, you can increase the strength of the preparation as you go on, but do this gradually.

A general point is that you should apply Dibenzoyl peroxide to all of the area where your spots occur and not just to each spot.
Creams and gels should be applied about 15 minutes or so after washing the area with soap and water and gently drying with a towel.
At first you may want to wash the preparation off after a few hours, but gradually try to increase the length of time you leave it on the skin.
When your skin is used to the preparation, aim to put it on twice a day and leave it on.
If you are using a 'wash', wet your skin and then pour some of the liquid wash on to your hands and use it to wash the affected areas.
Leave Dibenzoyl peroxide on for a minute or so before you rinse it off.

Can Dibenzoyl peroxide cause problems?
Along with their useful effects, most medicines can cause unwanted side-effects although not everyone experiences them.
The table below contains some of the most common ones associated with preparations containing Dibenzoyl peroxide.
You will find a full list in the manufacturer's information leaflet supplied with your medicine.
The unwanted effects often improve as your body adjusts to the new medicine, but speak with your doctor or pharmacist if any of the following continue or become troublesome.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is used to treat mild to moderate acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide may be used in combination with other acne treatments.
When applied to the skin, Dibenzoyl peroxide works by reducing the amount of acne-causing bacteria and by causing the skin to dry and peel.

Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before.
The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients.
Also, products with similar names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes.
Taking the wrong product could harm you.

How to use Dibenzoyl peroxide Gel
Read the Patient Information Leaflet if available from your pharmacist before you start using this product and each time you get a refill.
If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Before using this product for the first time, check if you are allergic to it.
To check, put a small amount on one or two small areas of acne for three days.
If you have an allergic reaction, stop using this product and get medical help right away (see the symptoms of an allergic reaction in the Side Effects section).
If you don't have an allergic reaction, you can use the product.

There are many Dibenzoyl peroxide products available.
Many can be purchased without a prescription. Some products (such as cleansers, foam, or lotions) may require a prescription.
Consult your doctor or pharmacist on the choice of the product that is best for you.
If you are using the over-the-counter product to self-treat, read and follow all directions on the product package before using this medication.
If you have any questions, consult your pharmacist.
If your doctor has prescribed this medication, use it as directed.

Some products require shaking before use.
Check your product package to see if your form of this medication needs to be shaken.

Apply Dibenzoyl peroxide to the areas of your skin affected by acne.
Avoid getting this medication into your eyes, inside your nose or mouth, or on any areas of broken skin since it may cause irritation.
If this occurs, flush the area with plenty of water.
Dibenzoyl peroxide may bleach hair or fabrics.
Use carefully, and avoid contact with hair, clothing, and furnishings.

If using cleansers containing Dibenzoyl peroxide, wet the affected area.
Gently rub the cleanser into the skin for 10-20 seconds.
Work into a full lather and rinse thoroughly and then pat dry.
If too much drying occurs, you may need to rinse the cleanser off sooner or use it less often.
Consult your doctor or pharmacist for further details.

If you are using the liquid wash, cleansing pad, or cleanser bar, use it instead of soap once or twice a day.
Wet the skin before applying, gently work up a lather for 10 to 20 seconds, and rinse thoroughly.
Do not scrub the skin.

If using the shaving cream, first wet the area to be shaved.
Apply a small amount of the medication, gently rub into the area, and then shave.

If you are using a cream, foam, lotion, or gel, apply it to the affected area as directed, usually once or twice a day.
Before applying each dose, gently wash the affected area with a mild cleanser, then pat dry.
Apply a small amount of medicine to the affected area and rub in gently.
Some products may require rinsing off after application for a certain amount of time.
Check your product package to see if your form of this medication needs to be rinsed off.

If you are using the medicated pads or sponges, wash the affected skin with a mild cleanser, then pat dry.
Wipe the pad or sponge gently onto the skin to apply the medication, usually once or twice a day to the skin as directed.

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy.
Improvement in acne is usually seen after 3 weeks of use, and maximum benefit after 8-12 weeks of use.
Do not increase your dose or use this drug more often or for longer than directed.
Your condition will not improve any faster, and your risk of side effects will increase.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is used, in particular, for external treatment of acne.
About 5% is absorbed (Leachman 2006).
To some extent, Dibenzoyl peroxide is converted to benzoic acid in the skin.

Simultaneous topical therapy with retinoids increases the absorption.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also used in the food and plastics industries.
There are insufficient epidemiological data for a risk assessment.
Despite the broad use, there are no indications of any teratogenic effects.

Most people with acne are aged between 12 and 25, but some older and younger people are affected too.
Small sebaceous glands lie just under your skin surface and make an oil (sebum) that keeps your skin supple and smooth.
Tiny pores on your skin allow the sebum to come on to the surface of your skin.
In acne, some of these pores become blocked, causing small pimples, blackheads and whiteheads.

Dibenzoyl peroxide has three actions - it kills germs (bacteria), it reduces inflammation and it helps to unplug blocked pores.
You can buy Dibenzoyl peroxide without a prescription at a pharmacy.
Dibenzoyl peroxide comes in different brand names and strengths - there is a 2.5%, 4%, 5% and 10% strength.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is also available in combination preparations used for acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide can be combined with an antibiotic called clindamycin, or with another medicine used for acne, called adapalene (brand name Epiduo®).
Both of these preparations need to be prescribed by a doctor, and should be used as directed by the doctor.

Before using Dibenzoyl peroxide:
To make sure that this is the right treatment for you, before you start using Dibenzoyl peroxide it is important that your doctor or pharmacist knows:

If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, although Dibenzoyl peroxide is not known to be harmful in pregnancy.
If you are taking any medicines, or using any other skin preparations.
This includes any which are available to buy without a prescription, as well as herbal and complementary medicines.
If you have ever had an allergic reaction to a skin product.

IUPAC NAMES:
AKPEROX BP75 POWDER
benzoyl benzenecarboperoxoate
Dibenzoyl peroxide
benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO)
Benzoyl Peroxide (wetted with ca. 25% Water)
DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE
Dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl Peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide (upper limit: 77% w/w; typical concentration: 75% w/w)
dibenzoyl peroxide; benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoylperoxide
diphenylperoxyanhydride
LUPEROX A75
Peroxide, dibenzoyl
Peroxide, dibenzoyl


SYNOYNMS:
Benzoyl peroxide Manufacturer
Luperox A98, Benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide[51% < content ≤100%, inert solid content ≤48%]
Benzoyl peroxide[35% < content ≤52%, inert solid content ≥48%]
Benzoyl peroxide[36% < content ≤42%, type A diluent ≥18%, water content ≤40%]
Benzoyl peroxide[77% < content ≤94%, water content ≥6%]
Benzoyl peroxide[content ≤42%, stable dispersion in water]
Benzoyl peroxide[content ≤62%, inert solid content ≥28%, water content ≥10%]
Benzoyl peroxide[content ≤77%, water content ≥23%]
Benzoyl peroxide[paste,52% < content ≤62%]
Benzoyl peroxide[paste, no more than 52%]
Benzoyl peroxide[paste, content ≤56.5%, water content ≥15%]
Benzoyl peroxide[content ≤35%, inert solids ≥65%]
BENZOYL PEROXIDE(BPO)
Benzaknen
Benzaknew
Benzamycin
Benzoic acid, peroxide
Luperco A
Luperco AC
Luperco AFR
Luperco AFR-250
Luperco AST
lupercoaa
lupercoast
Luperox fl
luperoxfl
Luzidol
Mixture of dibenzoyl peroxide and calcium sulfate
Mytolac
NA 2085
Nayper B and bo
Nayper BO
nayperbandbo
nayperbo
Nericur
Nericur Gel 5
Norox bzp-250
Norox bzp-C-35
noroxbzp-250
noroxbzp-c-35
Novadeiox
Novadelox
NSC-675
Oxy 5
OXY WASH
OXY-10
oxy-10cover
oxy-5
Oxy-L
Oxylite
Panoxyl
Periygel
Perossido di benzoile
perossidodibenzoile
Peroxide, dibenzoyl
Peroxide,dibenzoyl
Peroxyde de benzoyle

Regulatory process names:
Benzoyl peroxide
benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide; benzoyl peroxide

Translated names:
bensoylperoxid (sv)
bensoüülperoksiid (et)
bentsoyyliperoksidi (fi)
benzoil peroksid (hr)
benzoil peroksid (sl)
benzoil-peroxid (hu)
benzoile perossido (it)
benzoilperoksidas (lt)
benzoilperoksīds (lv)
benzoylperoksid (no)
benzoylperoxid (da)
Benzoylperoxid (de)
benzoylperoxid (sk)
benzoylperoxide (nl)
dibensoylperoxid (sv)
dibensoüülperoksiid (et)
Dibentsoyyliperoksidi (fi)
dibenzoil peroksid (hr)
dibenzoil peroksid (sl)
dibenzoil-peroxid (hu)
Dibenzoilperoksidas (lt)
dibenzoilperoksīds (lv)
dibenzoylperoksid (no)
dibenzoylperoxid (cs)
dibenzoylperoxid (da)
Dibenzoylperoxid (de)
dibenzoylperoxid (sk)
dibenzoylperoxide (nl)
nadtlenek benzoilowy (pl)
nadtlenek dibenzoilowy (pl)
perossido di dibenzoile (it)
peroxid de benzoil (mt)
peroxid de benzoil (ro)
peroxid de dibenzoil (mt)
peroxid de dibenzoil (ro)
peroxyde de benzoyle (fr)
peroxyde de dibenzoyle;peroxyde de benzoyle (fr)
peróxido de benzoílo (es)
peróxido de benzoílo (pt)
peróxido de dibenzoílo (es)
peróxido de dibenzoílo (pt)
Ββενζοϋλυπεροξείδιο (el)
Δδιβενζοϋλυπεροξείδιο (el)
бензоил пероксид (bg)
дибензоил пероксид (bg)

CAS names:
Methanone, 1,1'-dioxybis[1-phenyl-

IUPAC names:
benzoyl benzenecarboperoxoate
BENZOYL PEROXIDE
Benzoyl peroxide
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO)
Benzoyl Peroxide (wetted with ca. 25% Water)
DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE
Dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl Peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide (upper limit: 77% w/w; typical concentration: 75% w/w)
dibenzoyl peroxide; benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoylperoxide
diphenylperoxyanhydride
LUPEROX A75
Peroxide, dibenzoyl
Peroxide, dibenzoyl

Trade names:
Benzoic acid, peroxide
Benzoperoxide
Benzoyl peroxide, remainder water
Benzoyl Superoxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
NOVIPER BP
Perkadox L-W75

Other identifiers:
117989-71-6
117989-71-6
132323-44-5
132323-44-5
143928-58-9
143928-58-9
37370-29-9
37370-29-9
617-008-00-0
94-36-0
DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE)
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.


CAS Number, 94-36-0
EC number, 202-327-6
Chemical Formula: C14H10O4
Molecular Weight: 242.23


SYNONYMS OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE):
benzoperoxide, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide), BPO PEROXAN BP,DBP,Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide),Benzac,Clearasil,Panoxyl,Perkadox, Peroxide, dibenzoyl; Acetoxyl; Akneroxid 5; Asidopan; Benoxyl; Benzac; Benzoic acid, peroxide; Benzol peroxide; Benzoperoxide; Benzoyl superoxide; Benzoylperoxid; Benzoyl peroxyde;Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide); Dibenzoylperoxid; Dibenzoylperoxyde; Diphenylglyoxal peroxide; Dry and Clear; Duresthin 5; Eloxyl; Epi-Clear; G20; Lucidol; Lucidol B 50; Lucidol G 20; Luperco AST; Mytolac; Nayper BO; Oxy 5; Oxylite; Panoxyl; Perossido di benzoile; Peroxyde de benzoyle; Persa-Gel; Persadox; Resdan Akne; Theraderm; Acnegel; Aztec BPO; Benzaknew; BZF-60; Cadet; Cadox; Cadox BS; Clearasil Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) lotion; Clearasil BP acne treatment; Cuticura acne cream; Debroxide; Fostex; Garox; Incidol; Loroxide; Luperco; Luperox FL; NA 2085 (DOT); Nayper B and BO; Norox bzp-250; Norox bzp-C-35; Novadelox; OXY-10; OXY WASH; Quinolor compound; Superox; Topex; UN 2085 (DOT); UN 2086; UN 2088; Vanoxide; Xerac; Acne-Aid Cream; Benzac W; Clear By Design; Abcure S-40-25; Akneroxid L; Akneroxide L; Benzagel 10; Benzaknen; BPO; Brevoxyl; Cadet BPO 78W; Cadox 40E; Dermoxyl; Desanden; Lucidol 78; Lucidol 75FP; Luzidol; Nericur; NSC 675; Oxy-L; Peroxyderm; Peroxydex; Preoxydex; Sanoxit; Xerac BP 10; Xerac BP 5; Triaz; Perkadox 20S; Cadox B; Desquam E; Lucidol (peroxide); Luperco AA; Nyper B; Nyper BMT; W 75



Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is primarily used in the manufacture of polymers, as a polymerisation initiator.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) can also be used in other applications: as an oxidant in anti-acne formulations, as a hardener/cross-linking agent (in production of unsaturated polyester resins and silicone rubbers) and as a bleaching agent.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is in the form of white powder or paste with a molecular mass of 242 g/mol.
This material is available as a 75% pure powder for polymerization applications or as a 55% paste.
The percentage of active oxygen for this material should be at least 4.9%.

The half-life time of this substance in chlorobenzene is 10 hours at 71°C and 1 hour at 91°C.
Its bulk density at 20 degrees Celsius is 500 kg/m3.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) like other peroxide compounds starts to decompose at a temperature above 20 degrees Celsius.
Its storage time is a maximum of 6 months.


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is mainly used in production of plastics[5] and for bleaching flour, hair, plastics and textiles.
As a bleach, it has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.

As a medication, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
In 2021, it was the 284th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions



STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE)
Structure of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) from X-ray crystallography.
The O=C-O-O dihedral angle is 90°.
The O-O distance is 1.434 Å.

The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide,[15] a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:
(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2
The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.

The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is one hour at 92 °C. At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.


In 1901, J. H. Kastle and his graduate student A. S. Loevenhart observed that the compound made the tincture of guaiacum tincture turn blue, a sign of oxygen being released.
Around 1905, Loevenhart reported on the successful use of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) to treat various skin conditions, including burns, chronic varicose leg tumors, and tinea sycosis.
He also reported animal experiments that showed the relatively low toxicity of the compound.


Treatment with Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) was proposed for wounds by Lyon and Reynolds in 1929, and for sycosis vulgaris and acne varioliformis by Peck and Chagrin in 1934.
However, preparations were often of questionable quality.
It was officially approved for the treatment of acne in the US in 1960.

Polymerization:
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is mainly used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions,[4] such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.

USES OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE):
Tube of a water-based 5% Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) preparation for the treatment of acne
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is effective for treating acne lesions.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) does not induce antibiotic resistance.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)/clindamycin and adapalene/Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide), adapalene being a chemically stable retinoid that can be combined with Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)[26] unlike tezarotene and tretinoin.
Combination products such as Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)/clindamycin and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) alone for the treatment of acne lesions.

The combination tretinoin/Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) was approved for medical use in the United States in 2021.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) are more effective than lower concentrations.


Mechanism of action:
Classically, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
It is sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.

In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.

The free-radical reaction of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
It can cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making it bactericidal,[6] and it was thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.

Some evidence suggests that Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) has an anti-inflammatory effect as well.
In micromolar concentrations it prevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne



APPLICATIONS OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE)
For some special applications it is desirable to use a dry Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) powder as a catalyst.
For these cases the Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) formulation Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) was introduced, which is a mixture of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) and filler.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) can be handled very easily and without risk.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) contains no plasticizer and is lower concentrated than the usual Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) formulations, which makes dosing easier.
One of the most important applications for Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is as a catalyst for putties based on unsaturated polyester resins.
A putty containing an accelerated polyester resin and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) cures rapidly so that after a short time the surface can be sanded and polished


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is primarily used as a radical initiator to induce polymerisation (free radical polymerisation process), for the manufacture of e.g. expandible polystyrene in suspension, acrylics polymers (for road marking paints).
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) can also be used in other applications, in production, as an oxidant in anti-acne formulation, as a hardener of unsaturated polyester resins, as a cross-linking agent for the production of and silicone rubbers, and as a bleaching agent.


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)s are used to harden the resin in hot mold.
It is applied alone at high temperatures and with accelerators at room temperature.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) paste;It is used together with marble adhesives in the hardening of polyester repair pastes used in automotive parts repair at ambient temperature.
• Styrene polymerization
• Acne treatment
• Copolymerization of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate
• Paint and resin industries
• Polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate
• Bleaching agent in various industries


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE):
Formula, C14H10O4
Molar mass, 242.230 g•mol−1
3D model (JSmol), Interactive image
Density, 1.334 g/cm3
Melting point, 103 to 105 °C (217 to 221 °F) decomposes
Solubility in water, poor mg/mL (20 °C)
Chemical family
Organic peroxide
CAS number
94-36-0
Physical form
Powder
Regional availability
Africa, Asia Pacific, China, Europe, India, Middle East
Chemical name
DiDibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)
Appearance, white powder or doughy
SADT, 80 °C
AppeThe maximum storage temperaturearance, ≤ 20 °C
Active oxygen, 4.9 wt.%
Physical state Solid at ambient temperature, low dustiness (wet powder)
Form White powder, moist
Colour White
Odour Slightly benzaldehyde-like
Density 1.33 g/cm3 at 20°C
Melting point 103-108°C at 1013 hPa
Explosive properties The pure substance is explosive
Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) 65°C
Vapour pressure 9.07.10-5 hPa (at 25°C) (by calculation)
Mol weight 242.23 g/mol
Water solubility 0.35 mg/L at 20ºC Octanol-water partition coefficient (LogKow) 3.2 at 20°C
Appearance, White granular powder
Assay, 48.0 – 51.0 %
Acidity (as COOH), ≤0.50 %
Cl, ≤0.40 %
(In)organic hydrolysable Cl, ≤0.50 %
Water, ≤1.00 %
Molecular formula, C14H10O4
Molecular weight, 242.23 g/mol
Smiles notation, O=C(OOC(=O)c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2
InChi key, OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYAV
Flash point, Not applicable
Flammability, Highly flammable
Melting point, 103 – 105 20 °C @ 1.013 hPa
Partition coefficient (log Pow), 3.43 @ 20 °C
Relative density, 1.33 @ 25 °C
Solubility in water, Slightly soluble (9 .1 mg/l) @ 25 °C
Vapour pressure, < 1mm Hg @ 20 °C



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product



DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO)
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.


CAS Number, 94-36-0
EC number, 202-327-6
Chemical Formula: C14H10O4
Molecular Weight: 242.23


SYNONYMS OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO):
benzoperoxide, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO), BPO PEROXAN BP,DBP,Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO),Benzac,Clearasil,Panoxyl,Perkadox, Peroxide, dibenzoyl; Acetoxyl; Akneroxid 5; Asidopan; Benoxyl; Benzac; Benzoic acid, peroxide; Benzol peroxide; Benzoperoxide; Benzoyl superoxide; Benzoylperoxid; Benzoyl peroxyde;Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO); Dibenzoylperoxid; Dibenzoylperoxyde; Diphenylglyoxal peroxide; Dry and Clear; Duresthin 5; Eloxyl; Epi-Clear; G20; Lucidol; Lucidol B 50; Lucidol G 20; Luperco AST; Mytolac; Nayper BO; Oxy 5; Oxylite; Panoxyl; Perossido di benzoile; Peroxyde de benzoyle; Persa-Gel; Persadox; Resdan Akne; Theraderm; Acnegel; Aztec BPO; Benzaknew; BZF-60; Cadet; Cadox; Cadox BS; Clearasil Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) lotion; Clearasil BP acne treatment; Cuticura acne cream; Debroxide; Fostex; Garox; Incidol; Loroxide; Luperco; Luperox FL; NA 2085 (DOT); Nayper B and BO; Norox bzp-250; Norox bzp-C-35; Novadelox; OXY-10; OXY WASH; Quinolor compound; Superox; Topex; UN 2085 (DOT); UN 2086; UN 2088; Vanoxide; Xerac; Acne-Aid Cream; Benzac W; Clear By Design; Abcure S-40-25; Akneroxid L; Akneroxide L; Benzagel 10; Benzaknen; BPO; Brevoxyl; Cadet BPO 78W; Cadox 40E; Dermoxyl; Desanden; Lucidol 78; Lucidol 75FP; Luzidol; Nericur; NSC 675; Oxy-L; Peroxyderm; Peroxydex; Preoxydex; Sanoxit; Xerac BP 10; Xerac BP 5; Triaz; Perkadox 20S; Cadox B; Desquam E; Lucidol (peroxide); Luperco AA; Nyper B; Nyper BMT; W 75



Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is primarily used in the manufacture of polymers, as a polymerisation initiator.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) can also be used in other applications: as an oxidant in anti-acne formulations, as a hardener/cross-linking agent (in production of unsaturated polyester resins and silicone rubbers) and as a bleaching agent.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is in the form of white powder or paste with a molecular mass of 242 g/mol.
This material is available as a 75% pure powder for polymerization applications or as a 55% paste.
The percentage of active oxygen for this material should be at least 4.9%.

The half-life time of this substance in chlorobenzene is 10 hours at 71°C and 1 hour at 91°C.
Its bulk density at 20 degrees Celsius is 500 kg/m3.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) like other peroxide compounds starts to decompose at a temperature above 20 degrees Celsius.
Its storage time is a maximum of 6 months.


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is mainly used in production of plastics[5] and for bleaching flour, hair, plastics and textiles.
As a bleach, it has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.

As a medication, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
In 2021, it was the 284th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions



STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO)
Structure of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) from X-ray crystallography.
The O=C-O-O dihedral angle is 90°.
The O-O distance is 1.434 Å.

The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide,[15] a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:
(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2
The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.

The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is one hour at 92 °C. At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.


In 1901, J. H. Kastle and his graduate student A. S. Loevenhart observed that the compound made the tincture of guaiacum tincture turn blue, a sign of oxygen being released.
Around 1905, Loevenhart reported on the successful use of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) to treat various skin conditions, including burns, chronic varicose leg tumors, and tinea sycosis.
He also reported animal experiments that showed the relatively low toxicity of the compound.


Treatment with Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) was proposed for wounds by Lyon and Reynolds in 1929, and for sycosis vulgaris and acne varioliformis by Peck and Chagrin in 1934.
However, preparations were often of questionable quality.
It was officially approved for the treatment of acne in the US in 1960.

Polymerization:
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is mainly used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions,[4] such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.

USES OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO):
Tube of a water-based 5% Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) preparation for the treatment of acne
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is effective for treating acne lesions.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) does not induce antibiotic resistance.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)/clindamycin and adapalene/Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO), adapalene being a chemically stable retinoid that can be combined with Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)[26] unlike tezarotene and tretinoin.
Combination products such as Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)/clindamycin and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) alone for the treatment of acne lesions.

The combination tretinoin/Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) was approved for medical use in the United States in 2021.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) are more effective than lower concentrations.


Mechanism of action:
Classically, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
It is sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.

In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.

The free-radical reaction of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
It can cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making it bactericidal,[6] and it was thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.

Some evidence suggests that Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) has an anti-inflammatory effect as well.
In micromolar concentrations it prevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne



APPLICATIONS OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO)
For some special applications it is desirable to use a dry Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) powder as a catalyst.
For these cases the Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) formulation Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) was introduced, which is a mixture of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) and filler.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) can be handled very easily and without risk.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) contains no plasticizer and is lower concentrated than the usual Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) formulations, which makes dosing easier.
One of the most important applications for Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is as a catalyst for putties based on unsaturated polyester resins.
A putty containing an accelerated polyester resin and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) cures rapidly so that after a short time the surface can be sanded and polished


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is primarily used as a radical initiator to induce polymerisation (free radical polymerisation process), for the manufacture of e.g. expandible polystyrene in suspension, acrylics polymers (for road marking paints).
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) can also be used in other applications, in production, as an oxidant in anti-acne formulation, as a hardener of unsaturated polyester resins, as a cross-linking agent for the production of and silicone rubbers, and as a bleaching agent.


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)s are used to harden the resin in hot mold.
It is applied alone at high temperatures and with accelerators at room temperature.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) paste;It is used together with marble adhesives in the hardening of polyester repair pastes used in automotive parts repair at ambient temperature.
• Styrene polymerization
• Acne treatment
• Copolymerization of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate
• Paint and resin industries
• Polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate
• Bleaching agent in various industries


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO):
Formula, C14H10O4
Molar mass, 242.230 g•mol−1
3D model (JSmol), Interactive image
Density, 1.334 g/cm3
Melting point, 103 to 105 °C (217 to 221 °F) decomposes
Solubility in water, poor mg/mL (20 °C)
Chemical family
Organic peroxide
CAS number
94-36-0
Physical form
Powder
Regional availability
Africa, Asia Pacific, China, Europe, India, Middle East
Chemical name
DiDibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)
Appearance, white powder or doughy
SADT, 80 °C
AppeThe maximum storage temperaturearance, ≤ 20 °C
Active oxygen, 4.9 wt.%
Physical state Solid at ambient temperature, low dustiness (wet powder)
Form White powder, moist
Colour White
Odour Slightly benzaldehyde-like
Density 1.33 g/cm3 at 20°C
Melting point 103-108°C at 1013 hPa
Explosive properties The pure substance is explosive
Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) 65°C
Vapour pressure 9.07.10-5 hPa (at 25°C) (by calculation)
Mol weight 242.23 g/mol
Water solubility 0.35 mg/L at 20ºC Octanol-water partition coefficient (LogKow) 3.2 at 20°C
Appearance, White granular powder
Assay, 48.0 – 51.0 %
Acidity (as COOH), ≤0.50 %
Cl, ≤0.40 %
(In)organic hydrolysable Cl, ≤0.50 %
Water, ≤1.00 %
Molecular formula, C14H10O4
Molecular weight, 242.23 g/mol
Smiles notation, O=C(OOC(=O)c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2
InChi key, OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYAV
Flash point, Not applicable
Flammability, Highly flammable
Melting point, 103 – 105 20 °C @ 1.013 hPa
Partition coefficient (log Pow), 3.43 @ 20 °C
Relative density, 1.33 @ 25 °C
Solubility in water, Slightly soluble (9 .1 mg/l) @ 25 °C
Vapour pressure, < 1mm Hg @ 20 °C



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product



DIBENZYL ETHER
Dibenzyl ether is an organic compound with the formula C14H14O.
Dibenzyl ether belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.
These are aromatic ethers with the general formula ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).


CAS Number: 103-50-4
EC Number: 203-118-2
MDL Number: MFCD00004780
Chemical formula: C14H14O


Dibenzyl ether is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol.
Dibenzyl ether is produced by treating benzyl chloride with a base.
Dibenzyl ether, also known as benzyl oxide or fema 2371, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.


These are aromatic ethers with the general formula ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).
Dibenzyl ether is a sweet, almond, and cherry tasting compound.
Dibenzyl ether has been detected, but not quantified, in dills.


This could make Dibenzyl ether a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Dibenzyl ether is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl ether is a liquid, Colourless liquid, slightly mushroom aroma.


Dibenzyl ether is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl ether is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl ether has a role as a metabolite.


Dibenzyl ether belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.
These are aromatic ethers with the general formula ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).
Dibenzyl ether is a sweet, almond, and cherry tasting compound.


Dibenzyl ether has been detected, but not quantified in, dills (Anethum graveolens).
This could make Dibenzyl ether a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Dibenzyl ether is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5CH2)2O.


Dibenzyl ether is prepared by treating benzyl chloride with base.
Dibenzyl ether is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl ether is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.


Dibenzyl ether has a role as a metabolite.
Dibenzyl ether is a natural product found in Uvaria chamae with data available.
Dibenzyl ether is not miscible or difficult to mix in water.


Dibenzyl ether is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform and acetone.
Dibenzyl ether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 tonnes per annum.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIBENZYL ETHER:
Release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Dibenzyl ether is used in the following products: polymers.
Dibenzyl ether has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).


Dibenzyl ether is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Dibenzyl ether is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur, plastic products, rubber products and chemicals.
Release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).


Release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Dibenzyl ether is used as flavor and fragrance.
Dibenzyl ether is also used as solvent for resins, rubber, wax, artificial musk.


Dibenzyl ether is used as a synthetic flavoring ingredient, a plasticizer for synthetic rubber, a plasticizer for nitrocellulose, and a solvent in perfumery.
Dibenzyl ether is used Chemical synthesis, Manufacturing of fragances, Manufacturing of rubber, latex, Plasticizers for polymers, and Polymer auxiliaries.


A colorless, nearly odorless oil, the main use of Dibenzyl ether is as a plasticizer.
Dibenzyl ether is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Dibenzyl ether is used in the following products: air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), perfumes and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.


Other release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).


Dibenzyl ether can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).
Other release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Cosmetic Uses: perfuming agents


Dibenzyl ether is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol.
A colorless, nearly odorless oil, Dibenzyl ether's main use is as a plasticizer.
Dibenzyl ether (CAS# 103-50-4) is most commonly used as a plasticizer and is very effective in the use of hyperbranched polymers.
Dibenzyl ether is used as an effective GFP-friendly tissue clearing medium for mouse brains.


Dibenzyl ether is also used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.
Dibenzyl ether is also employed as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and synthetic rubber, a solvent in perfumery, and a flavoring agent in chewing gums and baked goods.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF DIBENZYL ETHER:
*Dialkyl ethers
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF DIBENZYL ETHER:
*Benzylether
*Ether
*Dialkyl ether
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIBENZYL ETHER:
Molecular Weight: 198.26 g/mol
XLogP3: 3.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 198.104465066 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 198.104465066 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 9.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 15
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 137
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Beilstein Number: 1911156
MDL: MFCD00004780
CoE Number: 11856
XlogP3: 3.30 (est)
Molecular Weight: 198.26478000

Formula: C14 H14 O
IUPAC Name: phenylmethoxymethylbenzene
Molecular Weight: 198.26
Molecular Formula: C14H14O
Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC2=CC=CC=C2
InChI: InChI=1S/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H2
InChIKey: MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point: 298 ℃
Melting Point: 1.5-3.5°C
Flash Point: 135°C
Density: 1.04 g/cm3
Solubility: water, 40 mg/L @ 35 °C (exp)
Appearance: Colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Storage: Sealed in dry, Room Temperature
Assay: 0.99
EINECS: 203-118-2
Log P: 3.40340
MDL: MFCD00004780
Refractive Index: 1.561-1.563
Stability: Stable.
Vapor Pressure:1 mmHg at 77 °F ; 4 mmHg at 122 °F; 31 mmHg at 203 °F
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00

Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity: 1.03900 to 1.04400 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.646 to 8.687
Refractive Index: 1.56100 to 1.56200 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 1.50 to 3.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 295.00 to 298.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.001030 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 6.8 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 275.00 °F. TCC ( 135.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.310
Soluble in: alcohol, water, 40 mg/L @ 35 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Stability: cream, lipstick, non-discoloring in most media, shampoo, soap
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: fruity
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 1,5 - 3,5 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 298 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 137 °C
Autoignition temperature: No data available

Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 3,71 mPa.s at 35 °C
Water solubility: 0,042 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 3,31 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,043 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Melting Point: 3°C to 4°C
Density: 1.04
Boiling Point: 298°C
Flash Point: 135°C (275°F)
Refractive Index: 1.562
UN Number: UN3082
Beilstein: 1911156
Merck Index: 14,1132

Solubility Information: Not miscible or difficult to mix in water.
Miscible with ethanol,ether,chloroform and acetone.
Formula Weight: 198.27
Percent Purity: ≥98%
Chemical Name or Material: Dibenzyl ether
Density: 1.043 (204 c)
Practically Insoluble: in water
Specific gravity: 1.03900 to 1.04400 @ 25.00 °C
Melting Point: 1.50 to 3.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 297.00 to 298.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
logP (o/w): 3.31
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00 %
Vapor Pressure: 0.001030 mm/Hg @ 25.00 °C
Odor: sweet fruity cherry earthy mushroom rose plastic
Refractive Index: 1.56100 to 1.56200 @ 20.00 °C
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
Vapor Density: 6.8
Flash Point: 275.00 °F. TCC
Odor Type: earthy
Molecular weight: 198.28
Color: colorless to pale yellow unstable liquid
Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): Colourless
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Assay (GC): min.97%

Density (g/ml) @ 20°C: 1.041-1.043
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.561-1.563
Molecular Weight: 198.26
Exact Mass: 198.26
BRN: 1911156
EC Number: 203-118-2
UNII: 2O6CNO27RJ
NSC Number: 5931
DSSTox ID: DTXSID5025819
Color/Form: COLORLESS LIQUID|VERY PALE YELLOW
HScode 2909309090
PSA: 9.2
XLogP3: 3.3
Appearance: Clear colorless to pale yellow Liquid
Density: 0.99735 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Melting Point: 3.6 °C
Boiling Point: 298 °C
Flash Point: 275 °F
Refractive Index: 1.569
Water Solubility: H2O: insoluble
Storage Conditions: Store below +30°C.
Vapor Pressure: 1.03X10-3 mm Hg @ 25 deg C
Vapor Density: 6.84 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
Odor: FAINT, ALMOND ODOR
Taste: MUSHROOM TASTE

Experimental Properties:
Liquid molar volume = 0.190344 cu m/kmol
Air and Water Reactions:
Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously.
Insoluble in water.
Reactive Group: Ethers
Reactivity Alerts Peroxidizable Compound
Water Solubility: 0.0065 g/L
logP: 3.42
logP: 3.57
logS: -4.5
pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.2
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 9.23 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Refractivity: 62.24 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 22.89 ų
Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filte: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C14H14O
IUPAC name: [(benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H2
InChI Key: MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: C(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
Average Molecular Weight: 198.2604
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 198.10446507



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 30 min
-Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
phenylmethoxymethylbenzene
1,1′-[Oxybis(methylene)]dibenzene
Benzyl ether
DIBENZYL ETHER
103-50-4
Dibenzylether
Benzyl oxide
(Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene
Plastikator BA
BA (plasticizer)
phenylmethoxymethylbenzene
Ether, dibenzyl
Plasticator BA
Dibenzylether [Czech]
Benzyl oxide [Czech]
FEMA No. 2371
FEMA Number 2371
Benzene, 1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-
1,1-Oxybismethylene, bis benzene
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
1,1-(Oxybis(methylene))bisbenzene
1,1-Oxybis methylene, bis benzene
BA (VAN)
CCRIS 6085
Benzene, 1,1'-(oxybis(methylene))bis-
HSDB 6030
Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis(methylene-
1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]dibenzene
NSC 5931
EINECS 203-118-2
1,1'-(Oxybis(methylene))bisbenzene
UNII-2O6CNO27RJ
BRN 1911156
2O6CNO27RJ
AI3-02269
DTXSID5025819
CHEBI:87411
NSC-5931
benzylether
EC 203-118-2
4-06-00-02240 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
dibenzyl ester
ther de benzyle
?Benzyl ether
mono-benzyl ether
Benzyl ether, 8CI
ETHER,DIBENZYL
Benzyl ether, 98%
Bn2O
Tribenoside impurity D
DBN (CHRIS Code)
oxybis(methylene)dibenzene
BENZYL ETHER [MI]
phenylmethoxy-methyl-benzene
WLN: R1O1R
SCHEMBL27380
DIBENZYL ETHER [FCC]
MLS001050086
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene #
BIDD:ER0268
DIBENZYL ETHER [FHFI]
DIBENZYL ETHER [HSDB]
CHEMBL152299
DTXCID005819
FEMA 2371
NSC5931
Dibenzyl ether, analytical standard
Tox21_200903
Benzene,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-
Benzyl ether, >=98%, FCC, FG
Ethyl?benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate
LS-363
MFCD00004780
1-benzyloxymethylbenzene(benzyl ether)
AKOS015914994
CS-W010535
NCGC00091363-01
NCGC00091363-02
NCGC00258457-01
BS-14196
CAS-103-50-4
SMR001216521
Dibenzyl ether, purum, >=98.0% (GC)
1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9CI
B0418
FT-0624653
TRIBENOSIDE IMPURITY D [EP IMPURITY]
A800755
Q-200956
Q11309584
Tribenoside impurity D, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
InChI=1/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H
Benzene,1,1′-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-
Benzyl ether
1,1′-[Oxybis(methylene)]bis[benzene]
Benzyl oxide
Dibenzyl ether
Plastikator BA
BA (plasticizer)
BA
NSC 5931
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
(Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene
1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9ci
1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9CI
1-Benzyloxymethylbenzene(benzyl ether)
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
Benzyl ether, 8ci
Benzyl ether, 8CI
Benzyl oxide
Dibenzylether
FEMA 2371
Phenylmethoxy-methyl-benzene
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
1-Benzyloxymethylbenzene(benzyl ether)
1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9ci
Benzyl ether, 8ci
Benzyl oxide
Dibenzylether
FEMA 2371
Phenylmethoxy-methyl-benzene
Dibenzylether
Dibenzyloxide
Di-(phenylmethyl)-ether
1,1'-(Oxybis-methylene)bis-benzene



DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE)
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5CH2)2O.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol.


CAS Number: 103-50-4
EC Number: 203-118-2
MDL Number: MFCD00004780
Linear Formula: (C6H5CH2)2O
Chemical formula: C14H14O



Benzyl ether, Benzyl ether, DIBENZYL ETHER, 103-50-4, Dibenzylether, Benzyl oxide, (Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene, Plastikator BA, BA (plasticizer), Phenylmethoxymethylbenzene, FEMA No. 2371, Benzene, 1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-, 1,1-Oxybismethylene, bis benzene, [(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene, 1,1-(Oxybis(methylene))bisbenzene, 1,1-Oxybis methylene, bis benzene, Benzene, 1,1'-(oxybis(methylene))bis-, Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis(methylene-, 1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]dibenzene, 2O6CNO27RJ, DTXSID5025819, CHEBI:87411, NSC-5931, Benzylether, Ether, dibenzyl, Plasticator BA, FEMA Number 2371, BA (VAN), CCRIS 6085, HSDB 6030, NSC 5931, EINECS 203-118-2, 1,1'-(Oxybis(methylene))bisbenzene, UNII-2O6CNO27RJ, BRN 1911156, dibenzyl ester, AI3-02269, ?Benzyl ether, mono-benzyl ether, Benzyl ether, 8CI, ETHER,DIBENZYL, Benzyl ether, 98%, Bn2O, Tribenoside impurity D, oxybis(methylene)dibenzene, BENZYL ETHER [MI], EC 203-118-2, phenylmethoxy-methyl-benzene, WLN: R1O1R, SCHEMBL27380, DIBENZYL ETHER [FCC], 4-06-00-02240 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), MLS001050086, [(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene #, BIDD:ER0268, DIBENZYL ETHER [FHFI], DIBENZYL ETHER [HSDB], CHEMBL152299, DTXCID005819, FEMA 2371, NSC5931, Dibenzyl ether, analytical standard, Tox21_200903, Benzene,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-, Benzyl ether, >=98%, FCC, FG, Ethyl?benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate, MFCD00004780, 1-benzyloxymethylbenzene(benzyl ether), AKOS015914994, CS-W010535, NCGC00091363-01, NCGC00091363-02, NCGC00258457-01, BS-14196, CAS-103-50-4, SMR001216521, Dibenzyl ether, purum, >=98.0% (GC), 1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9CI, B0418, FT-0624653, TRIBENOSIDE IMPURITY D [EP IMPURITY], A800755, Q-200956, Q11309584, Tribenoside impurity D, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, InChI=1/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H, DIBENZYL ETHER, (Oxybis(Methylene))dibenzene, FEMA 2371, benzyloxide, Benzyl oxide, BENZYL ETHER, ibenzylether, Dibenzylather, Dibenzyl ethe, plasticatorba, Benzene,1,1′-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-, Benzyl ether, 1,1′-[Oxybis(methylene)]bis[benzene], Benzyl oxide, Dibenzyl ether, Plastikator BA, BA (plasticizer), BA, NSC 5931, [(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene, (Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene, Benzene, 1,1′-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-, Benzyl ether, 1,1′-[Oxybis(methylene)]bis[benzene], Benzyl oxide, Dibenzyl ether, Plastikator BA, BA (plasticizer), BA, NSC 5931, [(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene, (Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene,



A colorless, nearly odorless oil, Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s main use is as a plasticizer.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is prepared by treating benzyl chloride with base.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a role as a metabolite.
Dibenzyl ether is a natural product found in Uvaria chamae with data available.


Dibenzyl ether is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5CH2)2O.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol.
A colorless, nearly odorless oil, the main use of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is as a plasticizer.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is produced by treating benzyl chloride with a base.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a polymer that has been used as an additive in pharmaceutical preparations.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been shown to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules and to be soluble in polyvinyl chloride.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also able to bind metal ions such as potassium and pyridoxine hydrochloride.
Store Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) away from oxidizing agents and light.
Keep Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) the container tightly closed and place it in a cool, dry and well ventilated condition.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE), also known as dibenzyl ether, is a chemical compound.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a faint aromatic odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s chemical structure consists of two benzyl groups (-C6H5CH2-) attached to an oxygen atom.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C14H14O.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a hydrophobic ether compound with a chemical formula of C14H14O.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet, floral odor.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor., Colorless, unstable liquid.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is immiscible or difficult to mix in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has liquid a colorless liquid, slightly mushroom aroma.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a role as a metabolite.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is colorless liquid with a mild odor.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is insoluble in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the class of ethers.
Dibenzyl ether (DBE) is a hydrophobic ether compound with a chemical formula of C14H14O.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet, floral odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a highly reactive chemical and is widely used as a reagent for organic synthesis and in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food additives.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is immiscible or difficult to mix in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is liquid, Colourless liquid, slightly mushroom aroma.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a slightly earthy, mushroom-like odor with a rosy undertone.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a clear, almost colorless liquid.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is miscible with alcohols and ethers, but insoluble in water.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a role as a metabolite.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is insoluble in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the class of ethers.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been shown to inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes and it is used in wastewater treatment for the removal of methyl glycosides.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has also been shown to have biological properties when tested on human serum, as well as on benzyl and dibenzyl.
In a reaction solution, Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) can react with anhydrous sodium (NaOH) to form NaDBE and hydrogen gas (H2).
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a hydrophobic ether compound.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) presents as a colorless, volatile liquid with a pleasant floral odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is highly reactive and finds extensive usage as a reagent in organic synthesis.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) serves as a valuable solvent in polymer, plastic, and coating manufacturing processes, and it can also function as a fuel in specific applications.


The mechanism of action of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) can be attributed to its propensity to form robust hydrogen bonds with other molecules.
These hydrogen bonds, characterized by their strength, enable Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) to act as a catalyst in specific reactions.
In addition to its application in the fragrance industry, Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s versatile nature allows it to serve as a key ingredient in the production of resins, plastics, and polymers.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s molecular structure and functional groups make it a valuable component in a wide range of chemical reactions.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is soluble in alcohol and ether, providing easy integration into formulations with these solvents.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s compatibility with commonly used solvents allows for smooth blending and enhances its versatility in different applications.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) exhibits a boiling point of 297-298 °C and a low melting point of -24.5 °C.
These physical properties facilitate Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s handling and usage in various industrial processes.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s density of 1.046 g/mL at 25 °C and refractive index of n20/D 1.548 further contribute to its desirable application characteristics.
These properties of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) assist in accurate measurements and formulation adjustments during the production process.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.|Liquid|Colourless liquid, slightly mushroom aroma


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a role as a metabolite.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.
These are aromatic ethers with the general formula of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a sweet, almond, and cherry tasting compound.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been detected, but not quantified in, dills (Anethum graveolens).
This could make Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Dibenzyl ether.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.
These are aromatic ethers with the general formula ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also employed as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and synthetic rubber, a solvent in perfumery, and a flavoring agent in chewing gums and baked goods.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also employed as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and synthetic rubber, a solvent in perfumery, and a flavoring agent in chewing gums and baked goods.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used for the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations by gravimetric analysis.
The molecular weight of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) can be determined by measuring the increase in weight of the polymer after exposure to hydrogen plasma.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been found to have a low degree of splay and good solubility properties.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor and is commonly used as a solvent, plasticizer, and intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential biological activity and applications in various fields.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is utilized as a solvent for various reactions in organic synthesis.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) serves as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, perfumes, and other chemicals.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as special solvent and delustering agent for textiles.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used plasticizer for nitrocellulose; solvent in perfumery.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also employed as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and synthetic rubber, a solvent in perfumery, and a flavoring agent in chewing gums and baked goods.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) was used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a highly reactive chemical and is widely used as a reagent for organic synthesis and in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food additives.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used as a solvent in the production of polymers, plastics, and coatings.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used as a fuel in some applications.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)is most commonly used as a plasticizer and is very effective in the use of hyperbranched polymers.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been shown to inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes and it is used in wastewater treatment for the removal of methyl glycosides.
Dibenzyl ether has also been shown to have biological properties when tested on human serum, as well as on benzyl and dibenzyl.


In a reaction solution, Dibenzyl ether can react with anhydrous sodium (NaOH) to form NaDBE and hydrogen gas (H2).
X-ray diffraction data shows that Dibenzyl ether contains nitrogen atoms.
Structural analysis reveals that the molecule consists of two benzene rings connected by two ethylene bridges.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is most commonly used as a plasticizer and is very effective in the use of hyperbranched polymers.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used as a solvent in the production of polymers, plastics, and coatings.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used as a fuel in some applications.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as special solvent and delustering agent for textiles.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used plasticizer for nitrocellulose; solvent in perfumery.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) and is widely used in the production of fragrances, perfumes, and personal care products due to its pleasant aromatic odor.


With its aromatic fragrance, Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) finds extensive use in the production of perfumes, colognes, and other personal care products.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s unique scent contributes to the overall appeal, providing a pleasing sensory experience to the users.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as a solvent for resins, rubbers, waxes, and artificial musk
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is applied to daily fragrance and food flavor.



FEATURES OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a high boiling point (around 303°C), making it useful in high-temperature reactions.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is relatively stable under normal conditions and can withstand certain reaction conditions.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a slightly earthy, mushroom-like odor with a rosy undertone.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a clear, almost colorless liquid.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is miscible with alcohols and ethers, but insoluble in water.



SOLUBILITY OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is not miscible or difficult to mix in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform and acetone.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
*Dialkyl ethers
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
*Benzylether
*Ether
*Dialkyl ether
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PURIFICATION METHODS OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Reflux the ether over sodium, then distil Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) under reduced pressure.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) been purified by fractional freezing.



SYNTHESIS OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is formed when benzyl alcohol is heated with strong acids or bases.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is produced almost exclusively by the alkaline hydrolysis of benzyl chloride.
Heat treatment decomposes Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) into benzaldehyde and toluene.



PREPARATION OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as a by-product in the preparation of benzyl alcohol by hydrolysis of benzyl chloride; by using a concentrated caustic instead of carbonate, yields can be improved to 50% or higher.



KEY FEATURES OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Molecular formula: C14H14O
Colorless liquid with a pleasant aromatic odor
Soluble in alcohol and ether
Boiling point: 297-298 °C
Melting point: -24.5 °C
Flash point: 140 °C
Density: 1.046 g/mL at 25 °C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.548
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is renowned for its exceptional purity, making it a popular choice in the food and flavor industry.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) complies with the highest quality standards and regulations, ensuring its safety and suitability for various applications.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
CAS Number: 103-50-4
Molecular Weight: 198.26
EC Number: 203-118-2
MDL Number: MFCD00004780
Chemical formula: C14H14O
Molecular Weight: 198.26 g/mol
XLogP3: 3.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 198.104465066 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 198.104465066 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 9.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 15
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 137
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Beilstein Number: 1911156
MDL: MFCD00004780
CoE Number: 11856
XlogP3: 3.30 (est)
Molecular Weight: 198.26478000
Formula: C14 H14 O
IUPAC Name: phenylmethoxymethylbenzene
Molecular Weight: 198.26
Molecular Formula: C14H14O

Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC2=CC=CC=C2
InChI: InChI=1S/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H2
InChIKey: MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point: 298 ℃
Melting Point: 1.5-3.5°C
Flash Point: 135°C
Density: 1.04 g/cm3
Solubility: water, 40 mg/L @ 35 °C (exp)
Appearance: Colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Storage: Sealed in dry, Room Temperature
Assay: 0.99
EINECS: 203-118-2
Log P: 3.40340
MDL: MFCD00004780

Refractive Index: 1.561-1.563
Stability: Stable.
Vapor Pressure:1 mmHg at 77 °F ; 4 mmHg at 122 °F; 31 mmHg at 203 °F
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Water Solubility: 0.0065 g/L
logP: 3.42
logP: 3.57
logS: -4.5
pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.2
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 9.23 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Refractivity: 62.24 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 22.89 ų

Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Experimental Properties:
Liquid molar volume = 0.190344 cu m/kmol
Air and Water Reactions:
Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously.
Insoluble in water.
Solubility Information: Not miscible or difficult to mix in water.
Miscible with ethanol,ether,chloroform and acetone.
Formula Weight: 198.27
Percent Purity: ≥98%
Chemical Name or Material: Dibenzyl ether
Density: 1.043 (204 c)

Practically Insoluble: in water
Specific gravity: 1.03900 to 1.04400 @ 25.00 °C
Melting Point: 1.50 to 3.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 297.00 to 298.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
logP (o/w): 3.31
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00 %
Vapor Pressure: 0.001030 mm/Hg @ 25.00 °C
Odor: sweet fruity cherry earthy mushroom rose plastic
Refractive Index: 1.56100 to 1.56200 @ 20.00 °C
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
Vapor Density: 6.8
Flash Point: 275.00 °F. TCC
Odor Type: earthy
Molecular weight: 198.28
Color: colorless to pale yellow unstable liquid

Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): Colourless
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Assay (GC): min.97%
Density (g/ml) @ 20°C: 1.041-1.043
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.561-1.563
Molecular Weight: 198.26
Exact Mass: 198.26
BRN: 1911156
EC Number: 203-118-2
UNII: 2O6CNO27RJ
NSC Number: 5931
DSSTox ID: DTXSID5025819
Color/Form: COLORLESS LIQUID|VERY PALE YELLOW
HScode 2909309090
PSA: 9.2
XLogP3: 3.3

Appearance: Clear colorless to pale yellow Liquid
Density: 0.99735 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Melting Point: 3.6 °C
Boiling Point: 298 °C
Flash Point: 275 °F
Refractive Index: 1.569
Water Solubility: H2O: insoluble
Storage Conditions: Store below +30°C.
Vapor Pressure: 1.03X10-3 mm Hg @ 25 deg C
Vapor Density: 6.84 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
Odor: FAINT, ALMOND ODOR
Taste: MUSHROOM TASTE
Reactive Group: Ethers
Reactivity Alerts Peroxidizable Compound
Water Solubility: 0.0065 g/L
logP: 3.42
logP: 3.57
logS: -4.5

pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.2
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 9.23 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Refractivity: 62.24 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 22.89 ų
Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filte: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C14H14O
IUPAC name: [(benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H2
InChI Key: MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Isomeric SMILES: C(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
Average Molecular Weight: 198.2604
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 198.10446507
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity: 1.03900 to 1.04400 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.646 to 8.687
Refractive Index: 1.56100 to 1.56200 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 1.50 to 3.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 295.00 to 298.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.001030 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 6.8 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 275.00 °F. TCC ( 135.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.310
Soluble in: alcohol, water, 40 mg/L @ 35 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Stability: cream, lipstick, non-discoloring in most media, shampoo, soap
Physical state: clear, liquid

Color: colorless
Odor: fruity
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 1,5 - 3,5 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 298 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 137 °C
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 3,71 mPa.s at 35 °C
Water solubility: 0,042 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 3,31 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.

Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,043 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Melting Point: 3°C to 4°C
Density: 1.04
Boiling Point: 298°C
Flash Point: 135°C (275°F)
Refractive Index: 1.562
UN Number: UN3082
Beilstein: 1911156
Merck Index: 14,1132



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 30 min
-Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


DIBUTYL MALEATE
Dibutyl maleate is an organic compound with the formula (CHCO2Bu)2 (Bu = butyl).
Dibutyl maleate is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid maleic acid.
Dibutyl maleate is used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.

CAS Number: 105-76-0
EC Number: 203-328-4
Molecular Formula: C12h20o4
Molecular Weight: 228.29

Synonyms: 105-76-0, Butyl maleate, Staflex DBM, RC Comonomer DBM, Maleic acid, dibutyl ester, dibutyl (Z)-but-2-enedioate, Maleic Acid Dibutyl Ester, di-n-Butyl maleate, 2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, dibutyl ester, 2-Butenedioic acid, dibutyl ester, 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, dibutyl ester, UNII-4X371TMK9K, Dibutylmaleate, PX-504, Dibutylester kyseliny maleinove, MFCD00009447, 4X371TMK9K, Dibutyl maleate, 105-76-0, Butyl maleate, Staflex DBM, RC Comonomer DBM, Maleic acid, dibutyl ester, dibutyl (Z)-but-2-enedioate, di-n-Butyl maleate, 2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, dibutyl ester, Maleic Acid Dibutyl Ester, 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, dibutyl ester, Dibutylmaleate, 2-Butenedioic acid, dibutyl ester, PX-504, Dibutylester kyseliny maleinove, maleic acid di-n-butyl ester, 4X371TMK9K, DTXSID3026724, 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, 1,4-dibutyl ester, NSC-6711, DBM (VAN), CCRIS 4136, NSC 6711, EINECS 203-328-4, Dibutylester kyseliny maleinove [Czech], BRN 1726634, UNII-4X371TMK9K, Bibutyl maleate, AI3-00644, Bisomer DBM, Octomer DBM, MFCD00009447, Dibutyl maleate, 96%, VINAVIL CF 5, bis-(2-Ethylhexyl)maleate, EC 203-328-4, SCHEMBL28153, BUTYL MALEATE [INCI], MLS000515953, WLN: 4OV1U1VO4-C, dibutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate, DTXCID206724, CHEMBL1466826, Dibutyl (2Z)-2-butenedioate #, NSC6711, HMS2270N17, Tox21_200779, 1,4-dibutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate, AKOS015950672, CS-W010404, HY-W009688, 2-Butenedioic acid, dibutyl ester, cis-, NCGC00164013-01, NCGC00164013-02, NCGC00258333-01, CAS-105-76-0, SMR000112422, 2-Butenedioic acid, dibutyl ester, (2Z)-, M0009, D78204, W-108779, Q27260622, 29014-72-0,

Dibutyl maleate is used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.
Dibutyl maleate chemical is also used in organic synthesis, like the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is an organic compound with the formula (CHCO2Bu)2 (Bu = butyl).
Dibutyl maleate is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid maleic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is a colorless oily liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow.
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless liquid with a characteristic "ester" odor.

Dibutyl maleate is used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.
Dibutyl maleate is also a suitable intermediate for use in organic synthesis, e.g. in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is a derivative of butyl maleate.
Dibutyl maleate’s an unsaturated ester which is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic “ester” odor.

Dibutyl maleate is miscible with methanol, ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, N,N-dimethyl formamide and toluene,
Dibutyl maleate is not miscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons and is slightly miscible with water.

Under the action of heat and in the presence of acids or bases, Dibutyl maleate transposes into fumaric acid dialkyl ester.
Dibutyl maleate contains about 1-5% fumaric acid dialkyl ester and 1-2% alkoxysuccinic acid dialkyl ester.

Dibutyl maleate is acts as a plasticizer.

Dibutyl maleate is also known as Maleic Acid or Dibutylester.
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless, oily and liquid substance.

Dibutyl maleate has a characteristic ester-like odor.
Dibutyl maleate is insoluble in water and is considered combustible.

Dibutyl maleate is commonly used in the paint industry as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for various adhesives and paints.
Dibutyl maleate is also used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, for example in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.
Another common application is Dibutyl maleate use as a plasticizer in water resistant films.

Dibutyl maleate is suitable for vinyl resins and copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Dibutyl maleate is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in paints.
Dibutyl maleate is used in plastisols, dispersions and coatings.

Dibutyl maleate is also known as Maleic Acid or Dibutylester.
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless, oily and liquid substance.

Dibutyl maleate has a characteristic ester-like odor.
Dibutyl maleate is insoluble in water and is considered combustible.

Butyl maleates are ester compounds with a wide range of properties.
There are five main derivatives of butyl maleate-.

These derivatives have a wide range of applications, not limiting to, from the polymer industry to the pharmaceutical industry.
Dibutyl maleate popularly known as DBM is the most widely used compound among butyl maleates.

Dibutyl maleate is a synthetic colorless organic chemical with a characteristic odor.
Dibutyl maleate is mainly used in the manufacturing of adhesives, paints, copolymers & films, finishing agents, and cosmetics.
The global market is expected to increase as the production of polymers & other derivatives of Dibutyl maleate are increasing.

Dibutyl maleate is mainly used as a plasticizer for aqueous dispersions of copolymers with vinyl acetate and as an intermediate in the preparation of other chemical compounds.
With the invention of polyaspartic technology Dibutyl maleate found another use.

In this situation, an amine is reacted with a dialkyl maleate - usually diethyl maleate but also Dibutyl maleate may be used- utilizing the Michael addition reaction.
The resulting products, polyaspartic esters products are then used in coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers.

Dibutyl maleate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Dibutyl maleate is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Dibutyl maleate is an organic compound with the formula (CHCO2Bu)2 (Bu = butyl).
Dibutyl maleate is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid maleic acid.
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless oily liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow.

Dibutyl maleate is a chemical that is used in the treatment of wastewater.
Dibutyl maleate is a glycol ether and an alkanoic acid.

Dibutyl maleate has been shown to be effective at removing p-hydroxybenzoic acid from water samples.
Dibutyl maleate reacts with the p-hydroxybenzoic acid to form an ester and glycol, which can be removed from the solution by extraction with organic solvents.
Dibutyl maleate has also been found to have high resistance against human serum, making Dibutyl maleate useful for sample preparation prior to analysis by gas chromatography or mass spectrometry.

Dibutyl maleate is used as a comonomer in vinyl acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.
Dibutyl maleate is also used in organic synthesis for the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is a known skin irritant and allergen, causing dermatitis on contact.
Dibutyl maleate apparently facilitates the trafficking of FITC-presenting CD11c(+) dendritic cells from the skin to draining lymph nodes and increases the cytokine production by draining lymph nodes.

Dibutyl maleate it’s a derivative of butyl maleate.
Dibutyl maleate an unsaturated ester which is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic “ester” odor.

Dibutyl maleate is miscible with methanol, ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, N,N-dimethyl formamide and toluene,
Dibutyl maleate is not miscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons and is slightly miscible with water.

Under the action of heat and in the presence of acids or bases, Dibutyl maleate transposes into fumaric acid dialkyl ester.
Dibutyl maleate contains about 1-5% fumaric acid dialkyl ester and 1-2% alkoxysuccinic acid dialkyl ester.

Dibutyl maleate is a plasticizer for vinyl resins, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Dibutyl maleate is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.
Other applications of Dibutyl maleate include use in plastisols, dispersions, coatings, adhesives, and synthetic lubricants.

Uses of Dibutyl maleate:
Dibutyl maleate is used in the preparation of lactones, which is used for the synthesis of antibacterial compounds.
Dibutyl maleate is mainly used as a plasticizer for aqueous dispersions of copolymers with vinyl acetate and as an intermediate in the preparation of other chemical compounds.

With the invention of polyaspartic technology Dibutyl maleate found another use.
In this situation, an amine is reacted with a dialkyl maleate usually diethyl maleate but also Dibutyl maleate may be used- utilizing the Michael addition reaction.

The resulting products, polyaspartic esters products are then used in coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers.
Dibutyl maleate is widely used as a liquid plasticizer for vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC, plastisols and vinyl acetates for paints, adhesives, and synthetic lubricants.

Dibutyl maleate is used in various resins and in the preparation of emulsions for the paper industry, textile and lubricant additives.
Dibutyl maleate is also a suitable intermediate for use in organic synthesis, in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.
Dibutyl maleate offers excellent rheological properties, and Dibutyl maleate can improve adhesion, flexibility and waterproofing in inks and paints.

Dibutyl maleate also improves the UV filtration power.
Hydrophobicity and water resistance of the PVAc latex films were increased by using Dibutyl maleate as comonomer.
Dibutyl maleate is used in synthesis resin and dope material, and is used in petroleum industry, fabric, plastic, and paper industrial dipping agent, dispersive agent, adhesive, accelerant, pesticide, surface active agent and others.

Uses at industrial sites:
Dibutyl maleate is used in the following products: polymers.
Dibutyl maleate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Dibutyl maleate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of Dibutyl maleate can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and manufacturing of Dibutyl maleate.

Industry Uses:
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizer

Consumer Uses:
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizer

Applications of Dibutyl maleate:
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless, liquid plasticizer for vinyl resins, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Dibutyl maleate is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.

Dubutyl Maleate is also used as a comonomer in paints and adhesives for vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization.
Other applications of Dibutyl maleate include use in plastisols, dispersions, coatings, adhesives, and synthetic lubricants.

Dibutyl maleate is commonly used in the paint industry as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for various adhesives and paints.
Dibutyl maleate is also used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, for example in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Another common application is Dibutyl maleate use as a plasticizer in water resistant films.
Dibutyl maleate is widely used as a plasticizer in vinyl resins.

About 90% of the global plasticizers produce are used for the manufacturing of PVC as plasticizers improve flexibility and durability.
Dibutyl maleate is used in paints to improve the stability of paint towards water & ultraviolet light.

The demand for Dibutyl maleate from the paints & coating industry is expected to grow as demand for water-resistant paints & coatings is increasing.
The construction projects in developing economies will also further increase the demand for such paints & coatings.

Dibutyl maleate is now being used in the cosmetic industry as well.
Dibutyl maleate acts as an SPF enhancer in skincare products and hair flexibility & gloss enhancer in hair products.

Dibutyl maleate is used as a co-monomer with vinyl acetate monomer in polymer emulsion to improve the properties.
Dibutyl maleate reduces the hardness and brittleness in resulting polymers.

Dibutyl maleate is used as a co-monomer in acrylic emulsions for the manufacturing of various adhesives and resins including food-grade additives.
Dibutyl maleate is also used as an intermediate in the production of derivatives of succinic acid, whose global production is expected to grow over 10% annually.

Dibutyl maleate is also used as an intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry.
The changing prices of raw materials and the development of new eco-friendly coatings can reduce the market of Dibutyl maleate.

Dibutyl maleate is a plasticizer for vinyl resins, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Dibutyl maleate is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.

Preparation of Dibutyl maleate:
Dibutyl maleate can be prepared by the reaction of maleic acid anhydride and 1-butanol in presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid.

Apperance of Dibutyl maleate:
clear colourless to slightly yellowish liquid

Physical state of Dibutyl maleate:
Colorless to Almost colorless clear liquid

Function of Dibutyl maleate:
Plasticizers

Classification of Dibutyl maleate:
Plasticizers
Industrial Chemicals

Handling and storage of Dibutyl maleate:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 10: Combustible liquids

Stability and reactivity of Dibutyl maleate:

Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

increased reactivity with:
Strong oxidizing agents

Conditions to avoid:
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
No data available

First aid measures of Dibutyl maleate:

General advice:
Show Dibutyl maleate safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Firefighting measures of Dibutyl maleate:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) Foam Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Dibutyl maleate:
Carbon oxides
Combustible.

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Dibutyl maleate:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Do not breathe vapors, aerosols.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergencyprocedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.

Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Identifiers of Dibutyl maleate:
CAS Number: 105-76-0
3DMet: CCCCOC(=O)/C=C\C(=O)OCCCC
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1466826
ChemSpider: 4436356
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.027
EC Number: 203-328-4
MeSH: maleate Dibutyl maleate
PubChem CID: 5271569
UNII: 4X371TMK9K
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID3026724
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H20O4/c1-3-5-9-15-11(13)7-8-12(14)16-10-6-4-2/h7-8H,3-6,9-10H2,1-2H3/b8-7-
Key: JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N
SMILES: CCCCOC(=O)/C=C\C(=O)OCCCC

Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)3OCOCH=CHCOO(CH2)3CH3
CAS Number: 105-76-0
Molecular Weight: 228.28
Beilstein: 1726634
EC Number: 203-328-4
MDL number: MFCD00009447
PubChem Substance ID: 24893895
NACRES: NA.22

CAS No.: 105-76-0
Chemical Name: Dibutyl maleate
CBNumber: CB9673524
Molecular Formula: C12H20O4
Molecular Weight: 228.28
MDL Number: MFCD00009447
MOL File: 105-76-0.mol

Properties of Dibutyl maleate:
Chemical formula: C12H20O4
Molar mass: 228.288 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless to yellowish liquid with a characteristic odor
Density: 0.99 g·cm−3
Melting point: −85 °C (−121 °F; 188 K)
Boiling point: 280 °C (536 °F; 553 K)
Solubility in water: Very hardly soluble (0.17 g·l−1 at 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.0027 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.445 (20 °C)

Melting point: -85°C
Boiling point: 281 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.988 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0.0027 hPa (20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.445(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: 0.17g/l slightly soluble
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless to light yellow
explosive limit: 0.5-3.4%(V)
Water Solubility: insoluble
FreezingPoint: <-85℃
BRN: 1726634
LogP: 3.39 at 25℃

Quality Level: 200
assay: 96%
refractive index: n20/D 1.445 (lit.)
Boiling Point: 281 °C (lit.)
density: 0.988 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: [H]C(=C(/[H])C(=O)OCCCC)C(=O)OCCCC
InChI: 1S/C12H20O4/c1-3-5-9-15-11(13)7-8-12(14)16-10-6-4-2/h7-8H,3-6,9-10H2,1-2H3/b8-7-
InChI key: JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N

Molecular Weight: 228.29
Molecular Formula: C12H20O4
InChIKey: JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N
Boiling Point: 161 °C
Melting Point: -85 °C
Flash Point: 140 °C
Purity: 95%
Density: 0.99 (23°C)

Molecular Weight: 228.28 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 10
Exact Mass: 228.13615911 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 228.13615911 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 16
Complexity: 209
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Dibutyl maleate:
Melting Point: -85°C
Color: Colorless
Boiling Point: 161°C
Quantity: 25 g
Formula Weight: 228.29
Percent Purity: ≥95.0% (GC)
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Dibutyl maleate

Related Products of Dibutyl maleate:
5,5-Dimethyldihydrofuran-2-one
2,2-Dimethylchroman
4-(2-(2-((1R,5S)-6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine
2-[[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]acetic Acid Methyl Ester
4,4-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one

Names of Dibutyl maleate:

Regulatory process names:
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate

IUPAC names:
1,4-dibutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate
2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-,dibutyl ester
Di-n-butyl maleate
dibutyl (E)-but-2-enedioate
dibutyl (Z)-but-2-enedioate
dibutyl but-2-enedioate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate

Preferred IUPAC name:
Dibutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate

Trade names:
2-Butendisaeure (Z)-
2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, dibutyl ester
DBM
Di-n-butyl maleinate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl-ester
Dibutylmaleinat
Maleic acid, dibutyl ester
Maleinsaeure-di-n-butylester
Maleinsaeuredibutylester

Other names:
Maleic acid dibutyl ester
DBM

Other identifiers:
105-76-0
193362-56-0
220713-30-4
57343-98-3
77223-90-6
79725-21-6
DIBUTYL OXALATE
Dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]stannane; 2,2-Dibutyl-1,3,2-dioxastannepin-4,7-dione; Dibutylzinndilaurat; Dilaurato de dibutilestaño; Dilaurate de dibutylétain; Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy) Tin; Dibutyltin didodecanoate; Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane; Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane CAS NO:77-58-7
DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE)
DESCRIPTION:
Dibutyltin di(laurate) (abbreviated DBTDL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn(CH2CH2CH2CH3)2.
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is used as a catalyst .


CAS Number: 77-58-7
EC Number: 201-039-8
Linear Formula: (CH3CH2CH2CH2)2Sn[OCO(CH2)10CH3]2
Molecular Weight: 631.56


SYNONYMS OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Butynorate,Davainex[1],DBTDL,DBTL[1],Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin[1],Dibutylstannylene dilaurate[1],Dibutyltin didodecanoate[1],Dibutyltindilaurate,Lauric acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester[1]Stabilizer D-22[1],T 12 (catalyst)[1]Tinostat[1]DIBUTYLSTANNYLENE DILAURATEDIBUTYLTIN DIDODECANOATEDibutyltin dilaurateDibutyltin laurateLAURIC ACID, DIBUTYLSTANNYLENE SALTTIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE

In terms of its structure, the molecule of dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.

According to some authors, this compound is a dibutyltin(IV) ester of lauric acid.

Dibutyltin di(laurate), also known as dibutyltin didodecanoate, is a dibutyltin laurate hydroxide intermediate that is commonly used as a catalyst.

Dibutyltin di(laurate) is also used in the transesterification reaction. [1]


DECOMPOSITION OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C[2]), dibutyltin dilaurate emits acrid smoke and fumes.


USES OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is used as a paint additive.[1]
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.

Dibutyltin di(laurate) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride,[ vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.[1]
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.


APPLICATIONS OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst in:
The synthesis of polyurethane (PU) and polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) prepolymers and lignin urethane.
A protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates



BENEFITS OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE CATALYSTS FOR POLYURETHANE COATINGS:
Dibutyltin di(laurate) improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water.
Dibutyltin di(laurate) enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties.
This catalyst can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers.



FEATURES OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is Suitable to accelerate the cross-linking process of solvent-based two-component PU coatings
Dibutyltin di(laurate) Improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water

Dibutyltin di(laurate) Enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties
Dibutyltin di(laurate) Can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Chemical formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2
Molar mass 631.570 g•mol−1
Appearance Colourless oily liquid or soft waxy crystals
Odor Fatty[2]
Density 1.066 g/cm3[2]
Melting point 22 to 24 °C (72 to 75 °F; 295 to 297 K) [1]
Boiling point 205 °C at 1.3 kPa[1][2]
Solubility in water Practically insoluble (0.00143 g/l at 68 °F (20 °C))[1][2]
Solubility Practically insoluble in methanol
Soluble in petroleum ether, benzene, acetone, ether, carbon tetrachloride, organic esters
Vapor pressure Refractive index (nD) 1.4683 at 20 °C (for light at wavelength of 589.29 nm)[1]
Viscosity 42 cP[1]
vapor pressure
0.2 mmHg ( 160 °C)
Quality Level
200
Assay
95%
refractive index
n20/D 1.471 (lit.)
density
1.066 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string
CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC
InChI
1S/2C12H24O2.2C4H9.Sn/c2*1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12(13)14;2*1-3-4-2;/h2*2-11H2,1H3,(H,13,14);2*1,3-4H2,2H3;/q;;;;+2/p-2
InChI key
UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
CAS number 77-58-7
CE number 201-039-8
Formula de Hill C₃₂H₆₄O₄Sn
Molar Mass 631.56 g/mol
Code SH 2931 90 49
Boiling point >250 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point 191 °C
Ignition temperature >200 °C
Fusion point 25 - 27 °C
Vapor pressure Solubility


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.



DIBUTYLTIN DICHLORIDE
Dibutyltin dichloride (usually referred to simply as DBTC) is an organotin substance that appears colorless to slightly yellowish-brownish at room temperature.
Dibutyltin dichloride is readily soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, ether and alcohols but is very difficult to dissolve in water.
Dibutyltin dichloride is flammable, low volatile and has a pungent odor.

CAS Number: 683-18-1
EC Number: 211-670-0
Chemical Formula: (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂)₂SnCl₂
Molar Mass: 303.83 g/mol

DIBUTYLTIN DICHLORIDE, 683-18-1, Dibutyldichlorostannane, Di-n-butyltin dichloride, Stannane, dibutyldichloro-, Dibutyldichlorotin, Dibutyltin chloride, dibutyl(dichloro)stannane, Dichlorodibutyltin, Dichlorodibutylstannane, Dibutyl tin dichloride, Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, UNII-J4AQN88R8P, Stannane, dibutyldichloro, J4AQN88R8P, DSSTox_CID_7292, DSSTox_RID_78390, DSSTox_GSID_27292, Dibutylstannium dichloride, C8H18Cl2Sn, Tin, dibutyl-, dichloride, CAS-683-18-1, CCRIS 6321, HSDB 6071, Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, NSC 2604, Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, EINECS 211-670-0, dibutyl tin chloride, MFCD00000518, Bu2SnCl2, dibutyl-tin-dichloride, (DBTC), EC 211-670-0, Dibutyltin dichloride, 96%, SCHEMBL37123, dibutyl-bis(chloranyl)stannane, D.B.T.C., WLN: G-SN-G4&4, DTXSID8027292, NSC2604, NSC-2604, Tox21_201675, Tox21_303112, AKOS015839512, ZINC169743073, NCGC00164348-01, NCGC00164348-02, NCGC00164348-03, NCGC00257160-01, NCGC00259224-01, M266, NCI60_002078, DB-055133, FT-0632794, D95356, Dibutyltin dichloride, purum, >=97.0% (AT), A836096, Q18411326, 211-670-0, 683-18-1, Dibutyl(dichlor)stannan, Dibutyl(dichloro)stannane, Dibutyl(dichloro)stannane, dibutyldichlorotin, Dibutyltin dichloride, J4AQN88R8P, MFCD00000518, Stannane, dibutyldichloro, Stannane, dibutyldichloro-, Stannane, dibutyldichloro-, WH7100000, [683-18-1], Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, D.B.T.C., DBTC dichloride, Dibutyl dichloro tin, Dibutyl tin dichloride, Dibutyl(dichlor)stannan, dibutyl-dichlorostannane, dibutyl-dichloro-stannane, Dibutyldichlorostannane, Dibutyldichlorostannane, Dibutyldichlorotin, Dibutylstannium dichloride, Dibutyltin chloride, Dibutyltin dichloride 10 ?g/mL in Cyclohexane, dibutyltin(2+) and dichloride, dibutyltindichloride, Dibutyltin-dichloride, Dibutyltin-dichloride 10 ?g/mL in Cyclohexane, Dibutyltin-dichloride 10 µg/mL in Cyclohexane, Dichlorodibutylstannane, DICHLORODIBUTYLTIN, Di-n-butyldichlorostannane, DI-n-BUTYLDICHLOROTIN, DI-N-BUTYLTIN DICHLORIDE, Di-n-butyltin Dichloride, 1000 mg/L, 1 ml (RM, ISO GUIDE 34), Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, EINECS 211-670-0, NCGC00164348-01, stannane, dichlorodibutyl-, Tin, dibutyl-, dichloride, TL8004797, UNII:J4AQN88R8P, UNII-J4AQN88R8P, WLN: G-SN-G4&4, Dibutyldichlorotin, Dinbutyltindichloride, chloriddi-n-butylcinicity, chloriddi-n-butylcinicity, dibutyldichloro-stannan, dibutylstanniumdichloride, dibutyl-tidichloride, dibutyltinchloride, dichlorodibutylstannane, dichlorodibutyltin, Di-n-butyldichlorotin, dibutyl(dichloro)stannane

Dibutyltin dichloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 tonnes per annum.
Dibutyltin dichloride is used in articles, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Dibutyltin dichloride (usually referred to simply as DBTC) is an organotin substance that appears colorless to slightly yellowish-brownish at room temperature.
Dibutyltin dichloride is readily soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, ether and alcohols but is very difficult to dissolve in water.
Decomposition (hydrolysis) occurs in hot water.

Dibutyltin dichloride is flammable, low volatile and has a pungent odor.

Produced by reacting tetrabutyltin with tin(IV) chloride, Dibutyltin dichloride is a catalyst and stabilizer with a wide range of applications and even acts as a fungicide.

Dibutyltin Dichloride is a chemical compound comprising two bromine atoms and two chlorine atoms.
Dibutyltin dichloride is a colorless and odorless substance, with relatively low toxicity.

Dibutyltin dichloride serves as a catalyst for the production of polymeric materials, as well as lubricants and other industrial products.
Dibutyltin Dichloride has been proposed as an enzyme inhibitor, offering insight into Dibutyltin dichloride is impact on polymer synthesis and organic compound production.

Hydrolysis products of dibutyltin dichlorides:
The hydrolysis of di-s-butyltin dichloride yields similar products to those found for the di-n-butyl compound whereas the hydrolysis behaviour of di-t-butyltin dichloride is markedly different.
Distannoxanes are not found in the latter case but instead di-t-butyltin hydroxide chloride is obtained.
Under strongly basic conditions di-t-butyltin oxide is formed which has unusual structural properties and can easily be converted into a ‘dihydroxide'.

Variants of Dibutyltin dichloride:

In addition to the normal Dibutyltin dichloride, BNT also offers dibutyltin dichloride in various versions:
In DIDP solution (diisodecyl phthalate) as a catalyst for adhesives based on polyurethane and for silicone sealants; or in xylene as a catalyst for the production of silicones.

BNT-CAT 410:
Dibutyltin dichloride from the production of BNT is shipped in polyethylene-lined drums of 30 liters or in barrels of 205 liters.
In the closed original packaging, Dibutyltin dichloride has a minimum shelf life of 6 months without loss of quality.

BNT-CAT 411:
BNT-CAT 411 (dibutyltin dichloride in DIDP solution) is liquid at room temperature and colorless to slightly yellowish.
Crystallizations can occur below 10°C, which is why Dibutyltin dichloride must be heated to 35 to 40°C before use and a sample must be taken to determine the homogeneity.

BNT-CAT 411 is supplied in polyethylene-lined drums and can be stored in the sealed, original containers at storage temperatures above 20°C for at least 6 months without quality deviations.
If the temperature is or has been lower, Dibutyltin dichloride may need to be heated for homogenization.

BNT-CAT 413:
BNT-CAT 413 is a colorless liquid with an aromatic odor.
Dibutyltin dichloride is not or only slightly miscible with water.

BNT-CAT 413 is shipped in steel cans with a polyethylene lining.
If the original packaging remains closed, Dibutyltin dichloride can be stored for at least 6 months without loss of quality (storage temperature > 0°C).

If stored at a temperature below 0°C, crystallization may occur.
To homogenize the product again, Dibutyltin dichloride must be heated at 35 to 40°C for approx. 30 minutes before use.

Application Fields of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Dibutyltin dichloride areas of application are diverse, ranging from intermediate products for the production of other tin compounds to being the decisive component of important end applications on the other.

Dibutyltin dichloride is for example, a precursor substance from which a number of other tin compounds are made, including products for coating container glass bottles.
Dibutyltin dichloride serves as a processing aid, process regulator and ion exchanger.

As a catalytic active ingredient, Dibutyltin dichloride is used in esterification reactions, the production of silicones and polyurethanes, foam plastics, adhesives or sealants.
In this way, dibutyltin dichloride is used in a wide variety of end products: thermal insulation and coatings, food packaging, medical devices or electronics.
In silicones, Dibutyltin dichloride finds its way into sealants, paper coatings and even dental products.

For the modification of synthetic rubbers, Dibutyltin dichloride is a reactive process additive that improves the solubility of the soot black additives in the compound.

Another area in which Dibutyltin dichloride is processed is the light and heat stabilization of PVC plastics.
Concentrations between 0.3% and about 3% are common here. End-use applications include, for example, packaging materials or textile products.

Uses of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Dibutyltin dichloride is used as organotin intermediate, a general-purpose stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride, an esterification catalyst, and a veterinary vermicide and tapeworm remedy.
Dialkyltin compounds are the best general-purpose stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride, esp if colorlessness and transparency are required.
Dibutyltin as well as monobutyltins are used increasingly as esterification catalysts for the mfr of organic esters used in plasticizers, lubricants, & heat-transfer fluids.

Industry Uses:

Intermediates:
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Consumer Uses:
Intermediates
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Properties of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Dibutyltin dichloride is a flammable, slightly volatile, white to yellow solid with a pungent odor, which is very sparingly soluble in water and slowly decomposes in Dibutyltin dichloride.
Dibutyltin dichloride has a dipole moment of 4.38 Debye in benzene.

Manufacturing Methods of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Prepared by any of 3 different reactions, (Grignard, Wurtz-Fittig, or aluminum exchange) all of which employ tin tetrachloride as a reactant in a two-step synthesis that first produces tetrabutyltin as an intermediate.

Dibutyltin dichloride is mfr by Kocheshkov redistribution from crude tetrabutyltin and stannic chloride and usually is catalyzed with aluminum trichloride.

General Manufacturing Information of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Plastics Product Manufacturing

With regard to heat stabilizing efficacy, Dibutyltin dichloride is generally accepted that the dialkyltin compounds containing 2 anionic substituents are better than either the monoalkyl- or trialkyltin derivatives.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Dibutyltin dichloride:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Teratogens:
An agent that causes the production of physical defects in the developing embryo.

Immunosuppressive Agents:
Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action.
Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis.

Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS.
While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.

Handling and storage of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Precautions for safe handling:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Storage conditions:
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1A: Combustible, acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials

Stability and reactivity of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures:
In correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally be assumed.

Chemical stability:
Dibutyltin dichloride is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

Violent reactions possible with: Oxidizing agents

Conditions to avoid:
Heat.
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
No data available

First aid measures of Dibutyltin dichloride:

General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show Dibutyltin dichloride safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.

If breathing stops:
Immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.

In exceptional cases only, if medical care is not available within one hour, induce vomiting (only in persons who are wide awake and fully conscious), administer activated charcoal (20 - 40 g in a 10% slurry) and consult a doctor as quickly as possible.
Do not attempt to neutralise.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Firefighting measures of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Carbon oxides
Hydrogen chloride gas
Tin/tin oxides
Combustible.

Fire may cause evolution of:
Hydrogen chloride gas
Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.

Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid generation and inhalation of dusts in all circumstances.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Disposal Methods:
At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision.
Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Preventive Measures:
If employees' clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with dibutyltin dichloride, employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.
Clothing contaminated with dibutyltin dichloride should be placed in closed containers for storage until Dibutyltin dichloride can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of contaminant from the clothing.

If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the contaminant, the person performing the operation should be informed of contaminant's hazard properties.
Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with dibutyltin dichloride should be removed promptly & not reworn until the contaminant is removed.

Where exposure of an employee's body to dibutyltin dichloride or liquids containing dibutyltin dichloride may occur, facilities for quick drenching of the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use.
Skin that becomes contaminated with dibutyltin dichloride should be immediately flushed with large amounts of water to remove any contaminant.

Workers subject to skin contact with solid dibutyltin dichloride should wash with soap or mild detergent & water any areas of the body that may have contacted any contaminant at the end of each work day.
Eating & smoking should not be permitted in areas where dibutyltin dichloride is handled, processed, or stored.
Employees who handle dibutyltin dichloride should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent & water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities.

Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing.
Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.
All contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Wherever possible, safer substitutes should be used in the place of alkyltin compounds.
When Dibutyltin dichloride is necessary to make and use them handling should be done in enclosed systems equipped with exhaust ventilation.

Engineering control should ensure that exposure limits are not exceeded.
Personal protective equipment should be worn, & in appropriate circumstances respiratory protection should be used.
Emergency showers should be installed to allow workers to wash immediately after splashes.

Identifiers of Dibutyltin dichloride:
CAS number: 683-18-1
EC index number: 050-022-00-X
EC number: 211-670-0
Hill Formula: C₈H₁₈Cl₂Sn
Chemical formula: (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂)₂SnCl₂
Molar Mass: 303.83 g/mol
HS Code: 2931 90 00

Linear Formula: (CH3CH2CH2CH2)2SnCl2
MDL Number: MFCD00000518
EC No.: 211-670-0
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: 3535484
Pubchem CID: 12688
IUPAC Name: dibutyl(dichloro)stannane
SMILES: InChI=1S/2C4H9.2ClH.Sn/c2*1-3-4-2;;;/h2*1,3-4H2,2H3;2*1H;/q;;;;+2/p-2
InchI Identifier: CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(Cl)Cl
InchI Key: RJGHQTVXGKYATR-UHFFFAOYSA-L

CAS: 683-18-1
MDL Number: MFCD00000518
InChI Key: RJGHQTVXGKYATR-UHFFFAOYSA-L
PubChem CID: 12688
IUPAC Name: dibutyl(dichloro)stannane
SMILES: CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(Cl)Cl

Properties of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Boiling point: 148 °C (16 hPa)
Density: 1.4 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 144 - 148 °C
Melting Point: 37 - 38 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.0016 hPa (25 °C)
Solubility: 0.32 g/l

Molecular Weight: 303.84 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 303.980759 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 303.980759 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Complexity: 84.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

vapor pressure: 0.0016 hPa ( 25 °C)
Quality Level: 200
form: crystals
potency: 50 mg/kg LD50, oral (Rat)
bp: 148 °C/16 hPa
mp: 37-38 °C
transition temp: flash point 144-148 °C
solubility: 0.32 g/L
density: 1.4 g/cm3 at 20 °C
storage temp.: 2-30°C
InChI: 1S/2C4H9.2Cl.Sn/c2*1-3-4-2;;;/h2*1,3-4H2,2H3;;;
InChI key: QBJCDRCOQAVMJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Compound Formula: C8H18Cl2Sn
Molecular Weight: 303.85
Appearance: White to off-white crystals or crystalline solid
Melting Point: 37-38 °C
Boiling Point: 135-148 °C
Density: 1.43 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: 0.32 g/l
Exact Mass: 303.981 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 303.981 g/mol

Specifications of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Assay (argentometric): ≥ 98.0 %
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 37 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 41 °C
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: 39.0°C to 41.0°C
Color: White to Beige
Density: 1.4000g/mL
Boiling Point: 135.0°C (10.0 mmHg)
Flash Point: 112°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 97%
Packaging: Glass bottle
Molecular Formula: C8H18Cl2Sn
Linear Formula: [CH3(CH2)3]2SnCl2
Quantity: 250 g
Fieser: 01,213; 01,1294; 05,622
Specific Gravity: 1.4
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 303.842
Formula Weight: 303.83
Percent Purity: 97%
Physical Form: Crystalline Low Melting Solid
Chemical Name or Material: Dibutyltin dichloride

Names of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Regulatory process names:
(DBTC)
Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity
Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid
Di-n-butyltin dichloride
Dibutyldichlorostannane
Dibutyldichlorotin
Dibutylstannium dichloride
Dibutyltin chloride
Dibutyltin dichloride
Dibutyltin dichloride
dibutyltin dichloride
Dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC)
dibutyltin dichloride; (DBTC)

Translated names:
(DBTC) (bg)
(DBTC) (da)
(DBTC) (el)
(DBTC) (es)
(DBTC) (et)
(DBTC) (fi)
(DBTC) (fr)
(DBTC) (hr)
(DBTC) (hu)
(DBTC) (it)
(DBTC) (lt)
(DBTC) (lv)
(DBTC) (mt)
(DBTC) (nl)
(DBTC) (no)
(DBTC) (pl)
(DBTC) (pt)
(DBTC) (ro)
(DBTC) (sk)
(DBTC) (sl)
(DBTC) (sv)
DBTC (cs)
dibutil-ón-diklorid (hu)
dibutilalavo dichloridas (lt)
dibutilalvas dihlorīds (lv)
dibutilkositrov diklorid (hr)
dibutilkositrov diklorid (sl)
dibutylcíndichlorid (cs)
dibutyldichlórstanán (sk)
dibutyltenndiklorid (sv)
dibutyltin dichloride (mt)
dibutyltindichlorid (da)
dibutyltindichloride (nl)
dibutyltinndiklorid (no)
Dibutylzinnchlorid (de)
Dibutylzinndichlorid (de)
Dibutyylitinadikloridi (fi)
dibutüültinadikloriid (et)
dichlorek dibutylocyny (pl)
dichlorure de dibutylétain;(DBTC) (fr)
dicloreto de dibutilestanho (pt)
dicloruro de dibutilestaño (es)
dicloruro di dibutilstagno (it)
diclorură de dibutil staniu (ro)
χλωριούχος διβουτυλοκασσίτερος (el)
дибутилкалаен дихлорид (bg)

CAS names:
Stannane, dibutyldichloro-

IUPAC names:
dibutyl(dichloro)stannane
dibutylstannanebis(ylium) dichloride
Dibutyltin Dichloride
dibutyltin dichloride
Dibutyltin dichloride
Stannane, dibutyldichloro-

Trade names:
Axion CS 2430
DBTCl
DIBUTYLDICHLOROSTANNANE
dibutyltindichloride; (DBTC)
Tin dibutyl-dichloride

Other name:
DBTC
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE = DBTDL = [DIBUTYL(DODECANOYLOXY)STANNYL] DODECANOATE


CAS Number: 77-58-7
EC Number: 201-039-8
MDL number: MFCD00008963
Molecular Formula: C32H64O4Sn / (C4H9)2Sn(OOC(CH2)10CH3)2



Dibutyltin dilaurate is a clear yellow viscous liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is colorless or yellowish transparent liquid


Tin content of Dibutyltin dilaurate is 18.2±0.2%.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (abbreviated DBTDL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound that is usually abbreviated to DBTL or DBTDL.
The colorless to yellowish liquid, Dibutyltin dilaurate, has an oily consistency, is extremely flammable and gives off a fatty acid-like smell.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is soluble in acetone, methanol or other organic solvents, but is practically insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate is a light yellow or colorless oily liquid, low temperature into a white crystalline powder.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is soluble in benzene, toluene, ethyl acetate, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, petroleum ether, in most common solvents and various industrial plasticizer, insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate has excellent transparency, lubricity and weather resistance.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate is a water insoluble oily liquid which can be produced by heating lauric acid with dibutyltin oxide.


Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be produced from dibutyltin chloride and sodium laurate.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also known as di-n-butyldilauryltin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)stannane and dibutyltin didodecanoate.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a yellow liquid which has C32H64O4Sn as chemical formula.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.


Dibutyltin dilaurate has excellent transparency and lubricating property.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is resistant to weathering.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate promotes the urethane (polyol-isocyanate) reaction for the production of flexible and rigid polyurethane foams, coatings, adhesives and sealants.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colourless oily liquid.
In terms of its structure, the molecule consists of two laurate groups attached to a dibutyltin(IV) center.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the carbonyl oxygen centers are weakly bonded to tin.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is light yellow transparent liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate's relative density was 1. 066.
Dibutyltin dilaurate's Freezing point is 8 ℃.


Dibutyltin dilaurate's density is 1. 0425kg/L, flash point 226.7 ℃.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is soluble in acetone and benzene, insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound.


Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50. Dibutyltin dilaurate is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide.
Dibutyltin dilaurate compound takes on the appearance of a colourless oily liquid.


Each year, imports and manufacture of Dibutyltin dilaurate in the European Economic Area are in the order of 100 to 1000 tonnes.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is PVC plastic additives, with excellent lubricity, transparency and weather resistance.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is resistance to sulfide pollution is better, but the heat resistance is poor.


Dibutyltin dilaurate acts as a primary stabilizer in soft transparent articles and as a lubricant in hard transparent articles.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a clear yellow viscous liquid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as a stabilizer of PVC, mainly used for soft and semi-soft PVC products
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as a polyurethane catalyst.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used for synthesis.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, DBTDL is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in PVC.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst in the vulcanizing cure of silicones at room temperatures.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a paint additive.


Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst .
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as polyurethane foam plastic, PVC foam, silicon rubber composite material is used as a catalyst and foaming activator.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a variety of adhesives used in synthesis catalyst.


Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyzes esterification reactions, transesterification reactions and polycondensation reactions and has become the industry standard for coatings, adhesives, solvents and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as heat stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride, curing agent for silicone rubber, catalyst for polyurethane foam, etc.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a stabilizer (polyvinyl chloride resins, vinyl resins, lacquers, and elastomers), a catalyst for urethane and silicones, and a drug (anthelmintic and coccidiostat).


Dibutyltin dilaurate is suitable for polyurethane coatings, inks, adhesives and sealants.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is suitable for room temperature vulcanized silica gel, adhesives, and caulking agents.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used in polyurethane rigid foam, spraying, pouring, plate, etc.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as heat stabilizer in PVC soft products


Dibutyltin dilaurate is suitable for silane cross-linked products.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a polymerization catalyst used in the preparation of a variety of polymers, such as ureidopyrimidone polymer networks.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used in chain extensions of certain telechelic polymers.
Dibutyl tin dilaurate is a versatile catalyst that can be used in various urethen crosslinking reaction and silanol condensation reactions.


Dibutyltin dilaurate drives the addition of alcohols with isocyanates to accelerate and complete the formation of urethanes.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is stable to hydrolysis but will hydrolyze in the presence of aqueous caustic at roomtemperature.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is incorporated into the final product and does not require removal.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a liquid catalyst for ease of processing.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used to crosslink two-component urethane coating systems for automotive, industrial and refinish coatings.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used to crosslink RTV silicon systems for the caulk and sealants markets.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used to crosslink polyethylene / silane co polymer systems for the wire and cable industry.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is absorbed on silica is used to crosslink urethane powder coating for exterior applications.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for curing silicones, as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins, as a corrosion inhibitor, and in veterinary use, to treat tapeworms in chickens.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as catalyst in the production of polyurethane and curing of room temperature vulcanising silicon rubber.
Dibutyltin dilaurate also finds application as catalyst in the manufacture of silane-crosslinking polyolefins.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used in heat stabilisers in PVC.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used in soft and transparent PVC products.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate is a very useful catalyst for the production of urethane foams, PU foams, silicone, and other applications.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a catalyst for curing silicones, as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins, as a corrosion inhibitor, and in veterinary use, to treat tapeworms in chickens.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as catalyst for polymerizing lactide and glycolide and isocyanate reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants and coating products.


Other release to the environment of Dibutyltin dilaurate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Release to the environment of Dibutyltin dilaurate can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Other release to the environment of Dibutyltin dilaurate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Dibutyltin dilaurate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys) and wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys).


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as heat stabilizer for PVC, curing agent for silicone rubber, catalyst for polyurethane foam, etc
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst in the synthesis of polyurethane foams.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used in the production of polyether and polyester based polyurethanes.
Further Dibutyltin dilaurate finds its application as catalyst in both adhesives and sealants.


Other uses of Dibutyltin dilaurate include heat stabilizer for PVC and room temperature vulcanization (RTV) of sillicone polymers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.


Dibutyltin Dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in PVC.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound used as a catalyst or preservative in various industrial applications.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used, for example, in the production of polyurethane.
Releases of dibutyltin dilaurate (CAS: 77-58-7) into the environment can occur on industrial sites and in the construction sector, but also in domestic use when using detergents, cleaning products, paints and adhesives.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an important PU catalyst for catalyzing the reaction of carboxyl groups with isocyanates.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is also widely used in PU related products such as adhesives, coatings, sealants, elastomers and so on.
Effectively promote the chain growth, speed up the curing process.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also applied to PU soft and rigid foam, use with tertiary amine can improve the balance of foam and gel efficiency.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a catalyst for the synthesis of polyurethane foam, silicone rubber curing agent.


Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of polyurethane and the curing of room temperature vulcanising silicon rubber.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a catalyst in the production of silane-crosslinking polyolefins.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used in PVC heat stabilizers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a highly reactive solvent-free catalyst for varied chemical cross-linking systems and chemical syntheses.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used for polyurethane- and silicone-syntheses as well as for PURcoatings, PUR-foams and silicone cross linking.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used for solvent-borne and solvent-free, one- and two-component polyurethane coatings, e.g. for automotive refinish coatings and industrial coatings as well as for coil- and cancoatings.
Further applications are the manufacturing of PUR-foams and silicon polymers.


-Other Applications of Dibutyltin dilaurate:
The catalytic effect of the dibutyltin dilaurate is used in other areas, such as acrylic acid esters, the production of silica esters or alkyd resins.
For screen printing processes, print shop chemicals with Dibutyltin dilaurate content can be used.


-Applications of Dibutyltin dilaurate:
*PU catalyst
*PU resin reaction synthesis catalyst
*PU foam catalyst
*Polyurethane series related products such as adhesives, coatings, sealants, elastomers
*Soft and rigid foam


-Dibutyltin Dilaurate uses and applications include:
Heat stabilizer for vinyl resins, lacquers, elastomers; lubricant for flexible vinyls; catalyst for PU foam and silicone elastomers; catalyst for food-contact PU resins and PU resins in food packaging adhesives; plasticizer


-As PVC Stabilizer:
Dibutyltin dilaurate is only through the use of stabilizers that PVC plastics are given a durability with which they can be used economically.
Dibutyltin dilaurate has such stabilizing properties and protects the final product from heat and UV irradiation.


-Applications of Dibutyltin dilaurate:
PVC stabilizer products and lubricants soft PVC transparent products or semi soft products, with stearic acid barium, cadmium stearic acid and other metal soap or epoxy compound and has good lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and plasticizer compatibility, spray cream, no curing pollution, on the heat resistance and printing without adverse effects.
Such as: soft film, film, plastic shoes, PVC hose and conveyor belt.
Especially can be used as catalyst for polyurethane foam products. In rigid PVC products, this product can be used as, and maleic acid organic tin or thiol organic tin and use, improve resin fluidity.


-Polyurethane:
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst finds greatest use in the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foams.
In demanding applications where amine catalysis alone is inadequate, the extra activity obtained by the synergistic combination of organometallics like Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst with an amine catalyst permits the required rapid catalysis.
Examples include high-density structural foam, sprayup wall insulation and rigid boardstock run at high line speeds.
Even when used at levels as low as 0.1 phr based on polyol, Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is especially effective in promoting rapid gel and tack-free times.
Tetravalent diorganotins like Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst are known throughout the industry as promoters of the reaction of isocyanates with polyols to form polyurethanes, and of the secondary crosslinking reactions to form allophonate and biuret linkages.


-Thermoplastics:
The grafted polyethylene can then be immediately crosslinked in the presence of a tin catalyst.
-Other applications:
Polyamide and phenolic resins, light and heat stabilizers.


-Applications of Dibutyltin dilaurate:
*Crosslinked Coatings of two- component PU for Automobile Coatings, Industrial Paint, Finish Paint .etc.
*Room Temperature Vulcanization(RTV) for Adhesive, Joint mixture
*Catalysts for Cross-linking reaction of Polyurethane and Condensation reaction of Silanol
*Heat-stabilizer of soft PVC products
*RPUF, Spraying, pouring etc
*Curing agent



PROPERTIES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a kind of catalyst with strong gel properties.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a catalyst with strong gel properties, suitable for paints and inks.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is suitable for elastomer, silicone rubber, adhesive, sealant, coating, soft and hard foam, foam forming, RIM etc.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as PVC thermal stabilizer for soft and semi-soft polyvinyl chloride products, such as transparent film, PVC pipe and artificial leather.

Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as catalyst in silicone rubber or rubber to prevent priducts from yellowing at high temperature.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as catalyst for crosslinking reaction of actylate rubber and carboxyl rubber, synthesis of polyirethane foam and polyester synthesis.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used in the high-density structure foam, spraying hard foam and hard foam sheet with amine catalyst together.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is used photothermal stabilizer suitalbe for polyamide and phenolic resin.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as an effective lubricant in hard transparent products.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colorless to yellow liquid, low-temperature white crystals.

Dibutyltin dilaurate soluble in the most common ,such as benzene, toluene, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, ethanol, petroleum ether and other solvents and various industrial plasticizers, Dibutyltin dilaurate is insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate promotes rapid gelation and tack-free times.

Dibutyltin dilaurate improves mechanical properties in molded and slabstock foams.
Dibutyltin dilaurate accelerates the chemical reactions of syntheses processes and technical applications, based on chemical reactive groups, especially polyol- and isocyanate-groups.

This allows optimal control of cross linking reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurateensures fast blocking stability and earlier processing of polyurethane coatings (provides increased film hardness, earlier chemical resistance and allows earlier sanding of the coating).

The use of Dibutyltin dilaurate in stoving enamels results in lower reaction temperatures or reduced reaction time, even for systems formulated with blocked reaction components.
In case of special silicones, Dibutyltin dilaurate accelerates the cross linking of individual components and enables to build-up a certain required polymer structure.



DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE AS CATALYST FOR SILICONES:
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a universally applicable catalyst for the crosslinking of cold vulcanizing silicone rubbers and silane-modified polymers and is widely used: from “construction market” silicone for sealing tiles at home to industrial applications such as in the production of cables, cast resin systems or RTV sealants used in the automotive industry.
Two modes of action are possible:

The DBTL catalyst supports the curing of room temperature crosslinking silicone rubbers.
Exposed to the air, the ambient humidity reacts with the tin compound and the silicone mass solidifies.
Dibutyltin dilaurate accelerates this reaction and provides better processing properties.
Alternatively used two-component silicones harden not only by contact with the humidity, but require a second reaction partner to be supplied.



DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE AS CATALYST FOR POLYURETHANE SYSTEMS:
Another application of dibutyltin dilaurate is the production of polyurethanes for a wide variety of end applications: hard foams, sealants, adhesives, paints and coatings or large floors, ….
As an additive, DBTL accelerates the connection of the individual reaction partners in order to reduce the curing time.
For example, it is a common crosslinking catalyst that can be used for 2-component urethanes in the automotive industry or for other industrial applications, such as the coating of tanks, pipelines or floor coverings.

On silica adsorbed, DBTL is used in urethane-based powder coatings for areas that have to withstand high weather loads.
Soft and solid PU foams are a standard solution for plastic molded parts that have to withstand loads in everyday life, such as seats or cladding.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also a widely used gelling catalyst.
The application possibilities also include elastomers.



PREPARATION METHOD of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
ethyl iodide is produced by the reaction of butanol with iodine and phosphorus.
Iodoethane reacts with tin powder and magnesium powder to produce iodobutyltin, which is refined and treated with caustic soda to obtain dibutyltin oxide.
Dibutyltin oxide and lauric acid are condensed at 60 °c to form dibutyltin laurate.



DECOMPOSOTION of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), dibutyltin dilaurate emits acrid smoke and fumes.



REACTIVITY of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Dibutyltin dilaurate is very stable in aqueous solution, but in alkaline solution at room temperature, hydrolysis.



ADVANTAGES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
*Excellent weather resistance
*Outstanding heat resistance
*Great transparency
*Odorless
*Superb catalyst reaction efficiency



COMPOUND TYPE of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
*Household Toxin
*Industrial/Workplace Toxin
*Organic Compound
*Organometallic
*Synthetic Compound
*Tin Compound



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
*Straight chain fatty acids
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organotin compounds
*Organic salts
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
*Medium-chain fatty acid
*Straight chain fatty acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organic salt
*Organotin compound
*Organooxygen compound
*Organometallic compound
*Organic post-transition metal moeity
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Chemical formula: (CH3(CH2)10CO2)Sn((CH2)3CH3)2
Molar mass: 631.570 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless oily liquid or soft waxy crystals
Odor: Fatty
Density: 1.066 g/cm3
Melting point: 22 to 24 °C (72 to 75 °F; 295 to 297 K)
Boiling point: 205 °C at 1.3 kPa
Solubility in water: Practically insoluble (less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (20 °C))
Solubility: Practically insoluble in methanol
Soluble in: petroleum ether, benzene, acetone, ether, carbon tetrachloride, organic esters
Vapor pressure:
Refractive index (nD): 1.4683 at 20 °C (for light at wavelength of 589.29 nm)
Viscosity: 42 cP
Appearance: colorless to yellow liquid
Tin content: 17.0~19.0%
Density at 25℃: 1.06g/ml
Boiling point at 12mmHg: >205℃
Flash point, Tag closed cup: 113℃
Refractive index (25℃): 1.471
Compound Formula: C32H64O4Sn
Molecular Weight: 631.56
Appearance: Yellow liquid

Melting Point: 22-24 °C
Boiling Point: 205 °C
Density: 1.066 g/mL
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 632.382655
Monoisotopic Mass: 632.382655
Molecular Weight: 631.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 30
Exact Mass: 632.382663
Monoisotopic Mass: 632.382663
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6 Ų

Heavy Atom Count: 37
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 477
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Appearance: yellow liquid to paste (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.06600 @ 25.00 °C.
Refractive Index: 1.47100 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 23.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 560.00 to 561.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.120
Soluble in: water, 3 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Physical state: solid
Color: colorless, to, light yellow
Odor: fatty odor
Melting point: 28,5 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 205 °C at 130 hPa - (ECHA)
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 189 - 193 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: > 250 °C -
pH: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility 0,00143 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water Pow: 27.700; log Pow: 4,44 at 21 °C
Vapor pressure: < 0,01 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1,066 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Appearance: Yellowish oily liquid
Tin Content: 18.2
Density: 1.05±0.02
Refractive Index: 1.468±0.001
Boiling Point: >204℃/12mm
Melting Point: 22-24℃
Freezing Point: ≤8℃
Flash Point: >230℃
Volatile: ≤0.4%

Boiling point: >250 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 191 °C
Ignition temperature: >200 °C
Melting Point: 25 - 27 °C
Vapor pressure: Solubility:
Formula: (C4H9)2Sn(OOC(CH2)10CH3)2 / C32H64O4Sn
Molecular mass: 631.6
Boiling point at 1.3kPa: 205°C
Melting point: 22-24°C
Vapour pressure: negligible
Solubility in water: none
Flash point: 191°C
Density (at 20°C): 1.05 g/cm³
Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 4.44
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Boiling Point: 560.5±19.0 °C at 760 mmHg

Melting Point: 22-24°C
Molecular Formula: C32H64O4Sn
Molecular Weight: 631.558
Flash Point: 292.8±21.5 °C
Exact Mass: 632.382690
PSA: 52.60000
LogP: 17.44
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Stability: Stability Combustible.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Water Solubility: Freezing Point: 8℃



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
-In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
-After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
-After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
[Dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
Butynorate
Davainex
DBTDL
DBTL
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Dibutyltindilaurate
Lauric acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
Stabilizer D-22
T 12 (catalyst)
Tinostat
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
DSSTox_CID_4961
DSSTox_RID_77599
DSSTox_GSID_24961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
DTXSID6024961
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
ZINC169743348
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)stannane
Dibutyl bis(lauroyloxy)tin
Dibutylzinnbislaurat
Butylzinn Dilaurat
Dibutylbis (lauroyloxy) stannan
Dibutylbis ((1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannan
DBTDL
DBTL
DI-N-BUTYLDILAURYLTIN
DI-N-BUTYLTIN DILAURATE
DIBUTYLBIS(LAUROYLOXY)STANNANE
DIBUTYLBIS(LAUROYLOXY)TIN
DIBUTYLTIN DIDODECANOATE
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
DIBUTYLTIN(IV) DILAURATE
DIBUTYLTIN LAURATE
DBTDL, Dabco T-12, DBTL
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Butynorate
Cata-Chek 820
DBTL
DXR 81
Davainex
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Fomrez sul-4
KS 20
Kosmos 19
Lankromark LT 173
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
Laustan-B
Mark 1038
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Neostann U 100
Ongrostab BLTM
SM 2014C
Stabilizer D-22
Stanclere DBTL
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Stavincor 1200 SN
Stavinor 1200 SN
T 12
T 12 (VAN)
T 12 (catalyst)
TN 12
TN 12 (catalyst)
TVS Tin Lau
TVS-TL 700
Therm chek 820
Thermolite T 12
Tin dibutyl dilaurate
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Tinostat
UN2788 (liquid)
UN3146 (solid)
Aids010213
Aids-010213
Ditin butyl dilaurate(dibutyl bis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-Stannane)
dibutyltin(IV) dodecanoate
Two dibutyltin dilaurate
The two butyltintwo lauricacid;Dibutyltin dilaurate 95%
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Di-n-butylin dilaurate
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
DBTL
BT-25
dibutyltin
dodecanoate
Dibutyltin Laurate
Dibutyltindilaurate
Dibutyltin Dilaurate
Di-n-butyldilauryltin
Di-N-Butyltin Dilaurate
Dibutyltin(Iv) Dilaurate
Dibutyltin Didodecanoate
Dibutylbis(Lauroyloxy)Tin
dibutyl(didodecyl)stannane
Dibutylbis(Lauroyloxy)Stannane










DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
DI-C12-13 ALKYL MALATE Nom INCI : DI-C12-13 ALKYL MALATE Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
Dibutyltin dilaurate is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.
Clear yellow viscous liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of dibutyltin dilaurate are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and it can be used for PVC additives, it also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst.

In terms of its structure, the molecule of dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.

Dibutyltin dilaurate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: Freezing Point: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits: ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin dilaurate (77-58-7)

Uses
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but Dibutyltin dilaurate has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and Dibutyltin dilaurate has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin dilaurate is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.
Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.

Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now it has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is toxic materials.

Stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins.
Catalyst for curing certain silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin dilaurate acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin dilaurate has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Production method
Dibutyltin dilaurate is condensed by DBTO and lauric acid at 60℃.
After condensation, vacuum dehydration, cooling, pressure filtration derived products.

Reactivity Profile
Dibutyltin dilaurate is strongly reactive with many other groups.
Incompatible with acids and bases.
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.

Dibutyltin dilaurate can be absorbed through the skin.
It irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
It is a neurotoxin.
It can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with dibutyltin dilaurate include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is combustible.
Dibutyltin dilaurate's vapor is denser than air, so it can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin dilaurate emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Laustan-B
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
TN 12 (catalyst)
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
Stavincor 1200 SN
KS 20
TN 12
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
DTXSID6024961
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
MFCD00008963
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
AI3-26331
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]stannane
CAS-77-58-7
Butyl norate
Stabilizer D 22
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
LS-1710
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL)
DESCRIPTION:
Dibutyltin dilaurate (abbreviated DBTDL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst .


CAS Number: 77-58-7
EC Number, 201-039-8
IUPAC Name: [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
Molecular Formula: C32H64O4Sn

SYNONYMS OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):

DBTDL;dbtl;t12;tn12;davainex;tinostat;butynorate;DI-N-BUTYLTIN DILAURATE;Dibutyltin dilaurate 95%;bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-stannan, Di-n-butyltin dilaurate, Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane, Dibutylbis(laurato)tin, Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin, Dibutylstannylene dilaurate, Dibutyltin didodecanoate, Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate, Tin dibutyl dilaurate, Dodecanoic acid,1,1′-(dibutylstannylene) ester;Dibutyltin dilaurate;Stannane,dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-;Stannane,dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-;Tin,dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-;Lauric acid,dibutylstannylene deriv.;Butynorate;DBTL;Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin;Stabilizer D 22;Tin dibutyl dilaurate;Stanclere DBTL;Davainex;TVS Tin Lau;Dibutyltin didodecanoate;Dibutylbis(laurato)tin;Mark 1038;Tinostat;Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate;Stavinor 1200SN;Dibutylstannylene dilaurate;T 12;TVS-TL 700;Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane;Stann SB 430A;KS 20;Neostann U 100;Stanclere TL;DBTDL;Cata-Chek 820;Mark BT 18;TN 12 (catalyst);TN 12;Thermolite T 12;SM 2014C;Di-n-butyltin dilaurate;Stann BL;DXR 81;Lankromark LT 173;Ongrostab BLTM;Kosmos 19;Mark BT 11;TVS-TL 800;Advastab T 12P;BL 42A;Dabco T 12;CAT 11;SCAT 1;CAT 11 (catalyst);Fascat 4202;Metacure T 12;U 100;Meister ZL 4401;BT 18;TL 1000;ADK Stab BT 11;Nitto 8501;BT 11;Cotin 200;Tegokat 218;Thorcat 401;C 101;C 101 (stabilizer);Fomrez SUL 4;NSC 2607;Metatin 712;Jeffcat T 12;TL 1000 (catalyst);DOD-D 82727;Dabco T 12N;SD-L 101;Liocat 118;SUL 4;TL 10;TL 10 (catalyst);DBTD;TinStab BL 277;Desmorapid Z;ZT 102;Octaflow BT 71;SCAT 1W;Baerostab DBTL/C;Reatinor 932;Metatin K 712;Mark DBTL;Liocat 119;Niax T 12;CP;K 1 Type A;CP (catalyst);D 22;KS 1260;DBTL-KS 1260;Mark BT 1;Embilizer L 101;L 101;Reaxis C 218;Addocat 210;KS 120;A 201;Gleck TL;Foamate S 9;D 80;358-50-9;7428-79-7;8028-83-9;70620-28-9;125199-87-3;185915-28-0;211990-09-9;1204812-53-2;1542381-47-4;1702279-08-0;1702279-15-9;2056906-49-9
Butynorate
Davainex
dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
dibutyltin dilaurate
Tinostat
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
DTXSID6024961
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
AKOS028109931
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959








Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound.
Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.
Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of dibutyltin dilaurate are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and it can be used for PVC additives, Dibutyltin dilaurate also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.


PRODUCTION METHOD OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Dibutyltin dilaurate is condensed by DBTO and lauric acid at 60℃.
After condensation, vacuum dehydration, cooling, pressure filtration derived products.


DECOMPOSITION OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C[2]), dibutyltin dilaurate emits acrid smoke and fumes

In terms of its structure, the molecule of dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom

USES OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but Dibutyltin dilaurate has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For it is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.

Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin dilaurate has developed a number of modified varieties.

Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
The product is toxic materials.
Rat oral is LD50 of 175mg/kg.


Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) is an organotin compound that is used as a catalyst.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colourless oily liquid.
In terms of its structure, the molecule consists of two laurate groups attached to a dibutyltin(IV) center.


Dibutyltin Dilaurate, also known as DBTDL, is an organotin compound used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from diols and isocyanates.
Ungraded products supplied by TCI America are generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.




BENEFITS OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE CATALYSTS FOR POLYURETHANE COATINGS:
Dibutyltin Dilaurate improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties.
This catalyst can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers.

APPLICATIONS OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Ideal applications for Dibutyltin Dilaurate include solvent-based, chemical cross-linking, two-component polyurethane systems.


FEATURES OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Dibutyltin Dilaurate is Suitable to accelerate the cross-linking process of solvent-based two-component PU coatings
Dibutyltin Dilaurate Improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water

Dibutyltin Dilaurate Enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties
Dibutyltin Dilaurate Can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers






CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Chemical formula, (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2
Molar mass, 631.570 g•mol−1
Appearance, Colourless oily liquid or soft waxy crystals
Odor, Fatty
Density, 1.066 g/cm3
Melting point, 22 to 24 °C (72 to 75 °F; 295 to 297 K)
Boiling point, 205 °C at 1.3 kPa
Solubility in water, Practically insoluble (less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (20 °C))
Solubility, Practically insoluble in methanol
Soluble in petroleum ether, benzene, acetone, ether, carbon tetrachloride, organic esters
Vapor pressure, Refractive index (nD), 1.4683 at 20 °C (for light at wavelength of 589.29 nm)
Viscosity, 42 cP
vapor pressure
0.2 mmHg ( 160 °C)
Quality Level
200
Assay
95%
refractive index
n20/D 1.471 (lit.)
density
1.066 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Metal content , Sn: 18.2 – 18.9 %
Non-volatile content , >= 95.00 % ASTM D 1644
Viscosity , A-3 to C ASTM D 2373
Specific gravity , 1.02 – 1.07 (25°C) ASTM D 1963
STORAGE
Keep containers tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from sources of ignition.
Store in original container.
Store in accordance with local regulations.
Keep at temperatures between 5 °C and 30 °C.
CAS number, 77-58-7
EC number, 201-039-8
Hill Formula, C₃₂H₆₄O₄Sn
Molar Mass, 631.56 g/mol
HS Code, 2931 90 00
Boiling point, >250 °C (1013 hPa)
Density, 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point, 191 °C
Ignition temperature, >200 °C
Melting Point, 25 - 27 °C
Vapor pressure, Solubility, Molecular Weight
631.6 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Rotatable Bond Count
30
Exact Mass
632.382663 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
632.382663 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count
37
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
477
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Melting point, 22-24°C
Boiling point, >204°C/12mm
Density, 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure, 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
refractive index, n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Flash point, >230 °F
storage temp., Store below +30°C.
solubility, <1.43mg/l
form, Oily Liquid
color, Clear pale yellow
Specific Gravity, 1.066
Water Solubility, FreezingPoint, 8℃
Merck, 14,3038
BRN, 4156980
Exposure limits, ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability, Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey, UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP, 3.120
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances, DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
FDA 21 CFR, 175.300; 177.1680
CAS DataBase Reference, 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII, L4061GMT90
EPA Substance Registry System, Dibutyltin dilaurate (77-58-7)
Boiling point, 205 °C
Density, 1.043 g/ml @ 28.50 ºC
Flash point, ± 191.00 °C
Melting point, 28.50 °C
Partition coefficient (log Pow), 4.44
Solubility in water, Insoluble (< 0.1 mg/l)
Vapour pressure, 7.7 x 10-6 Pa @ 25°C
PSA:
52.60000
XLogP3:
10.95700
Appearance:
yellow liquid
Density:
1.05 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Melting Point:
22-24 °C
Boiling Point:
205 °C @ Press: 9.8 Torr
Flash Point:
226ºC
Refractive Index:
n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Water Solubility:
H2O: Vapor Pressure:
0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Vapor Density:
21.8 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)|21.8 (Air = 1)
Toxicity:
LD50 orally in Rabbit: 175 mg/kg
Air and Water Reactions:
This compound may be sensitive to air or heat. (NTP, 1992). Insoluble in water.
Reactive Group:
Salts, Basic
Reactivity Profile:
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE is strongly reactive with many other groups. Incompatible with acids and bases. Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTL)
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.
Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and it can be used for PVC additives, it also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

Synonyms
DBTDL;Aids010213;Aids-010213;Ditin butyl dilaurate(dibutyl bis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-Stannane);dibutyltin(IV) dodecanoate;Two dibutyltin dilaurate;The two butyltintwo lauricacid;Dibutyltin dilaurate 95%;Dibutyltin dilaurate;77-58-7;Di-n-butyltin dilaurate;Butynorate;Davainex;Tinostat;Stanclere DBTL;Dibutyltin laurate;Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin;Stabilizer D-22;TVS Tin Lau;DBTL;T 12 (catalyst);Dibutylbis(laurato)tin;Dibutyltin didodecanoate;Stavinor 1200 SN;Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate;Ongrostab BLTM;Fomrez sul-4;Dibutylstannylene dilaurate;Thermolite T 12;Mark 1038;Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane;Kosmos 19;Therm chek 820;Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-;TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE;Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat;Neostann U 100;Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-;Cata-Chek 820;Lankromark LT 173;TVS-TL 700;Dibutylstannium dilaurate;Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-;Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-;Laudran di-n-butylcinicity;Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt;Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.;dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate;Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-;T 12;[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate;KS 20;TN 12;Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate);Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane;Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.;DTXSID6024961;MFCD00008963;NCGC00166115-01;Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-;Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester;dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester;DTXCID404961;Laustan-B;CAS-77-58-7;Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate;TN 12 (catalyst);Stavincor 1200 SN;Mark BT 11;Mark BT 18;Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane;Butyl norate;CCRIS 4786;DXR 81;Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German];HSDB 5214;T 12 (VAN);Stabilizer D 22

Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: FreezingPoint: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin dilaurate (77-58-7)

Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a catalyst.
In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Uses
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but it has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.
Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.

In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is toxic materials.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.

Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.
Clear yellow viscous liquid.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) may be sensitive to air or heat.
Insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is strongly reactive with many other groups.
Incompatible with acids and bases.
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.
Stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins.
Catalyst for curing certain silicones.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is condensed by DBTO and lauric acid at 60℃.

After condensation, vacuum dehydration, cooling, pressure filtration derived products.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Hazards and Toxicity
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can be absorbed through the skin.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is a neurotoxin.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is combustible.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL)'s vapor is denser than air (21.8 times denser than air), so it can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE CATALYST
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is used as a catalyst.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is an organotin compound that is usually abbreviated to DBTL or DBTDL.
The colorless to yellowish liquid has an oily consistency, is extremely flammable and gives off a fatty acid-like smell.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is soluble in acetone, methanol or other organic solvents, but is practically insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst catalyzes esterification reactions, transesterification reactions and polycondensation reactions and has become the industry standard for coatings, adhesives, solvents and elastomers.

Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: FreezingPoint: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst (77-58-7)

Uses
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but it has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.

Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now it has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is toxic materials.

Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.

Hazards and toxicity
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can be absorbed through the skin.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is a neurotoxin.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is combustible.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst's vapor is denser than air (21.8 times denser than air), so it can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
DTXSID6024961
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
AKOS028109931
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959
DIBUTYLTIN LAURATE (POLYURETHANE CATALYST)
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.
Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and it can be used for PVC additives, it also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst.
In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: FreezingPoint: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) (77-58-7)
It is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.

Uses
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but it has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.
Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is toxic materials.

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Reactivity Profile
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is strongly reactive with many other groups.
Incompatible with acids and bases.
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) may be sensitive to air or heat.
Insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can be absorbed through the skin.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is a neurotoxin.

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is combustible.
Its vapor is denser than air (21.8 times denser than air), so Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
DTXSID6024961
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
AKOS028109931
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959
DIBUTYLTIN LAURATE (POLYURETHANE CATALYST)
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.

Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used for PVC additives, it also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) may be sensitive to air or heat.
Insoluble in water.

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: Freezing Point: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) (77-58-7)
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.

Uses
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.

In hard products, Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.
Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is toxic materials.

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.

Hazards and Toxicity
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can be absorbed through the skin.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is a neurotoxin.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with dibutyltin dilaurate include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is combustible.

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst)'s vapor is denser than air (21.8 times denser than air), so it can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Reactivity Profile
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is strongly reactive with many other groups.
Incompatible with acids and bases.
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.

Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
DTXSID6024961
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
AKOS028109931
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959
DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE
DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE, N° CAS : 7757-93-9 / 7789-77-7, Nom INCI : DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE, Nom chimique : Calcium hydrogenorthophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-826-1, Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance.Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques. Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection)
DICAPRYLYL CARBONATE
Carbonic acid,dioctyl ester; Di-n-octyl-carbonate; Kohlensaeure-di-n-octylester; Dioctyl carbonate; octyl carbonate; Dioctylcarbonat; cas no: 1680-31-5
DICAPRYLYL ETHER
DICAPRYLYL ETHER, N° CAS : 629-82-3, Nom INCI : DICAPRYLYL ETHER, Nom chimique : Dioctyl ether, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 211-112-6, Classification : Huile estérifiée. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. 1-(Octyloxy)octan [German] 1-(Octyloxy)octane 1-(Octyloxy)octane [French] 1,1'-Oxybisoctane 1748226 211-112-6 [EINECS] 629-82-3 [RN] 8O8 [WLN] Caprylic ether Dicaprylyl ether Di-n-octyl ether Dioctyl ether Ether, di-n-octyl- MFCD00009563 n-Dioctyl ether Octane, 1,1'-oxybis- [ACD/Index Name] Octyl ether RH8800000 [629-82-3] 1-octoxyoctane Antar [Wiki] Cetiol OE dicapryl ether Di-n-Octylether dioctylether EINECS 211-112-6 n-Octyl Ether n-Octylether Octane, 1,1'-oxybis-, octyloxyoctane TL8004344
DICAPRYLYL MALEATE
Dicaprylyl maleate Dicaprylyl maleate is classified as : Emollient Skin conditioning Solvent CAS Number 2915-53-9 EINECS/ELINCS No: 220-835-6 COSING REF No: 75673 Chem/IUPAC Name: Dioctyl maleate Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) has been reported rarely as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis. The objectives of this study were to identify patients from multiple centres with allergy to Dicaprylyl maleate in cosmetic products confirmed by patch testing and, in addition, to investigate the effect of testing with aged DCM. This is an international multicentre study of 22 patients with 26 reactions to products containing DCM. Patch testing was carried out to ingredients including Dicaprylyl maleate obtained from the manufacturer. Further testing was carried out with deliberately aged Dicaprylyl maleate in a sample of patients. 22 patients had clinical and positive patch test reactions at 4 days to a total of 26 cosmetic products containing DCM. 5 patients did not react to Dicaprylyl maleate prepared by the manufacturer from concurrent factory stock but did have positive reactions to a deliberately aged batch of Dicaprylyl maleate . Dicaprylyl maleate is an emerging cosmetic allergen. Testing with aged material yields a greater number of positive results. Co-operation between cosmetics manufacturers and clinicians is important in the identification of new allergens. Molecular Weight of Dicaprylyl maleate 340.5 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3-AA of Dicaprylyl maleate 7 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 4 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 18 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of Dicaprylyl maleate 340.26136 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Dicaprylyl maleate 340.26136 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Dicaprylyl maleate 52.6 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 24 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Dicaprylyl maleate 305 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 1 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of Dicaprylyl maleate Is Canonicalized Yes Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) has been reported rarely as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis. The objectives of this study were to identify patients from multiple centres with allergy to Dicaprylyl maleate in cosmetic products confirmed by patch testing and, in addition, to investigate the effect of testing with aged DCM. This is an international multicentre study of 22 patients with 26 reactions to products containing DCM. Patch testing was carried out to ingredients including Dicaprylyl maleate obtained from the manufacturer. Further testing was carried out with deliberately aged Dicaprylyl maleate in a sample of patients. 22 patients had clinical and positive patch test reactions at 4 days to a total of 26 cosmetic products containing DCM. 5 patients did not react to Dicaprylyl maleate prepared by the manufacturer from concurrent factory stock but did have positive reactions to a deliberately aged batch of Dicaprylyl maleate . Dicaprylyl maleate is an emerging cosmetic allergen. Testing with aged material yields a greater number of positive results. Co-operation between cosmetics manufacturers and clinicians is important in the identification of new allergens. NCI name: Dicaprylyl maleate Alternative names: Bernel EsterDom, Dicaprylylmaleat Origin: Different Definition:Dioctyl maleate INCI function:Emollient, Solvent CAS-No.2915-53-9 EINECS/EILINCS-No.220-835-6 Dicaprylyl maleate is an intermediate used in several chemical production processes. Dicaprylyl maleate is also used in coating applications, and as a phthalate-free alternative to common phthalate-based plasticizers such as Dicaprylyl maleate . Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) Dicaprylyl maleate is a clear, virtually colorless liquid with an ester-like odor.Dicaprylyl maleate can be used in organic synthesis, e.g. in the production of derivatives of succinic acid. Dicaprylyl maleate is also used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives. Under the action of heat and in the presence of acids or bases, Dicaprylyl maleate transposes into the corresponding fumaric-acid dialkyl ester. Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) CAS# 142-16-5 DOWNLOAD SPECSREQUEST QUOTE PROPERTY Appearance Color Ester Content Specific Gravity Moisture UNIT APHA % % SPECIFICATION Clear 50 Maximum 98.5 Minimum 0.939-0.945 0.20 Maximum APPLICATION Dicaprylyl maleate is a maleic acid that can act as a plasticizer and is used in resins to provide elasticity and flexibility. Dicaprylyl maleate is a co-monomer which can be polymerized with vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride (PVC), acrylates as well as stearates. These types of polymerizations with Dicaprylyl maleate can be used in the production of adhesives, emulsion paints, surfactants, textile coatings and wetting agents. GRADES AVAILABLE Technical SYNONYMS Bis(2-ethylhexyl) maleate, di(2-ethylhexyl) maleate (DEHM), Maleic Acid Di(2-ethylhexyl) Ester, Maleic Acid Dioctyl Ester
DICETYL PEROXYDICARBONATE
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is sensitive to heat.
Storage of Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate must be done so with stringent temperature control measures.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate's explosion hazard is also mitigated by mixing the peroxide with inert solid.

CAS: 26322-14-5
MF: C34H66O6
MW: 570.88
EINECS: 247-611-0

Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is sensitive to heat.
Storage of this material must be done so with stringent temperature control measures.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate's explosion hazard is also mitigated by mixing the peroxide with inert solid.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is an initiator for polymerization of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, (meth)acrylates and HMS-PP production by reactive extrusion process.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is used in the temperature range between 45°C and 65°C.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate may be used in combination with other peroxides such as 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxyneodecanoate (Trigonox 423), Cumyl peroxyneodecanoate (Trigonox 99) or Dilauroyl peroxide (Laurox) to increase reactor efficiency.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate possesses low water solubility, low vapor pressure and is quickly and evenly distributed into the monomer.
The shelf life of the Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is 3 months.

Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 52 °C
Boiling point: 592.2±33.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 0.936±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Water Solubility: 1μg/L at 20℃
LogP: 15.1 at 25℃
EPA Substance Registry System: Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate (26322-14-5)

Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is a white powder with faint odor.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate presents a bulk density of 0.6 g/cm3 andmelting point of 52°C.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is sensitive to heat and its storage must be done so with stringent temperature control measures.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate's explosion hazard is mitigated by mixing the peroxide with inert solid.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate decomposes violently or explosively at temperatures 0–10°C owing to self-accelerating exothermic decomposition.
Several recorded explosions were due to shock, heat, or friction; amines and certain metals can cause accelerated decomposition (12d).

Uses
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is an imitator for the copolymerization of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, acrylates, and methacrylates.
No information was located for this compound.
Decomposition or combustion products include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hexadecanol.

Reactivity Profile
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate decomposes violently or explosively at temperatures 0-10° C.
Lowing to self-accelerating exothermic decomposition; Several explosions were due to shock, heat or friction; amines and certain metals can cause accelerated decomposition.

Synonyms
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate
26322-14-5
Perkadox 24W40
Dihexadecyl peroxydicarbonate
DIHEXADECYL PEROXODICARBONATE
Peroxydicarbonic acid, dihexadecyl ester
Peroxydicarbonic acid, C,C'-dihexadecyl ester
XE3V3NKT2E
Lupersol 216
EINECS 247-611-0
UNII-XE3V3NKT2E
hexadecoxycarbonyloxy hexadecyl carbonate
EC 247-611-0
SCHEMBL261987
DTXSID1051937
Q27293802
DICHLOROETHYL ETHER
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Dichloroethyl ether is used in cleaning compounds, paints, textile finishing, and as a general solvent.
Dichloroethyl ether does not occur naturally, but is manufactured by humans for use in the production of pesticides and other chemicals.

CAS Number: 111-44-4
EC Number: 203-870-1
Chemical Formula: (ClCH2CH2)2O
Molar Mass: 143.01 g/mol

Dichloroethyl ether is an organic compound with the formula O(CH2CH2Cl)2.
Dichloroethyl ether is an ether with two 2-chloroethyl substituents.
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Dichloroethyl ether is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong odor.
Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent for lacquers, resins and oils, and as a soil fumigant, wetting agent, cleaning compound and textile finishing agent.

Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Dichloroethyl ether dissolves easily in water, and some of Dichloroethyl ether will slowly evaporate to the air.

Dichloroethyl ether does not occur naturally.
Dichloroethyl ether is made in factories, and most of Dichloroethyl ether is used to make pesticides.
Some of Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, rust inhibitor, or as a chemical intermediate to make other chemicals.

Dichloroethyl ether appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sweet pleasant or nauseating odor.
Dichloroethyl ether is denser than water and insoluble in water.

Dichloroethyl ether is toxic by inhalation and skin absorption.
Dichloroethyl ether is used in cleaning compounds, paints, textile finishing, and as a general solvent.

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether is an ether.

Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless non-flammable liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor.
Dichloroethyl ether does not occur naturally, but is manufactured by humans for use in the production of pesticides and other chemicals.

Limited amounts of Dichloroethyl ether dissolve in water and also slowly evaporate into air.
In the environment, Dichloroethyl ether is broken down by bacteria in soil and water and by chemical reactions in the air, so Dichloroethyl ether does not tend to persist for long periods.

Dichloroethyl ether is a chemical compound (an ether), which contains two 2-chloroethyl groups.
Dichloroethyl ether is a clear liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Dichloroethyl ether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Dichloroethyl ether is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Dichloroethyl ether is a clear man-made liquid with a strong, fruity smell.

Dichloroethyl ether is made by industry and used as a solvent.
Solvents help dissolve other substances.
Dichloroethyl ether is used to make pesticides and other chemicals.

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether is an obsolete fumigant.
Very little information has been published regarding Dichloroethyl ether environmental fate although Dichloroethyl ether is highly soluble in water.

Dichloroethyl ether is not highly toxic to aquatic organisms.
Dichloroethyl ether is highly toxic to mammals and Dichloroethyl ether may be considered to be a neurotoxin.

Dichloroethyl ether is an organic compound with the formula O(CH2CH2Cl)2.
Dichloroethyl ether is an ether with two 2-chloroethyl substituents.
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent and soil fumigant.
Dichloroethyl ether may be used in the preparation of macrocyclic polyethers, dibenzo-18-crown-6 polyether and dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 polyether.

Dichloroethyl ether is a man-made chemical that does not occur naturally.
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Dichloroethyl ether dissolves easily in water, and some will slowly evaporate to the air.

Dichloroethyl ether is mostly used as an intermediate to make pesticides and other chemicals.
Dichloroethyl ether can also be used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, and rust inhibitor.

In the environment, bis(2-chlorethyl) ether slowly evaporate from surface water and soil into the air.
Because bis(2-chlorethyl) ether dissolves in water, Dichloroethyl ether is removed from the air by rain creating a cycle between water, soil, and air.

Dichloroethyl ether does not stick strongly to the soil so some may move into the groundwater.
Dichloroethyl ether can be broken down by bacteria in water and soil.
Dichloroethyl ether does not build up (accumulate) in plants or animals.

Uses of Dichloroethyl ether:
Dichloroethyl ether is primarily used as a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of pesticides.
A small amount of Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent.

Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent, dewaxing agent, wetting agent, soil fumigant, and chemical intermediate.
Dichloroethyl ether is used to control earworms on corn silks; No longer used as a soil fumigant.

Dichloroethyl ether is used in pesticides.
Dichloroethyl ether is also used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, rust inhibitor, or as a chemical intermediate to make other chemicals.
Exposure occurs from consumption of drinking water that contains Dichloroethyl ether, breathing Dichloroethyl ether vapors, and dermal contact.

Dichloroethyl ether is primarily used as a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of pesticides.
A small amount of Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent.

In the past, Dichloroethyl ether was used as a solvent for fats, waxes, greases, and esters.
Dichloroethyl ether has also been used as a constituent of paints and varnishes, as a cleaning fluid for textiles, and in the purification of oils and gasoline.

Uses at industrial sites:
Dichloroethyl ether is used in the following products: polymers.
Dichloroethyl ether has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Dichloroethyl ether is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Dichloroethyl ether can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Industry Uses:
Intermediate
Intermediates
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Surface active agents

Consumer Uses:
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Farming (Pesticides)

Physical Properties of Dichloroethyl ether:
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
The odor threshold for Dichloroethyl ether is 0.049 ppm.

The chemical formula for Dichloroethyl ether is C4H8Cl2O, and Dichloroethyl ether has a molecular weight of 143.04 g/mol.
The vapor pressure for Dichloroethyl ether is 0.71 mm Hg at 20 °C, and Dichloroethyl ether has a log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) of 1.58.

Reactions and applications of Dichloroethyl ether:
Dichloroethyl ether is less reactive than the corresponding sulfur mustard S(CH2CH2Cl)2.
In the presence of base, Dichloroethyl ether reacts with catechol to form dibenzo-18-crown-6.

Dichloroethyl ether can be used in the synthesis of the cough suppressant fedrilate.
Dichloroethyl ether is combined with benzyl cyanide and two molar equivalents of sodamide in a ring-forming reaction.

When treated with strong base, Dichloroethyl ether gives divinyl ether, an anesthetic:
O(CH2CH2Cl)2 + 2 KOH → O(CH=CH2)2 + 2 KCl + 2 H2O

Sampling Procedures of Dichloroethyl ether:
Air samples containing sym-Dichloroethyl ether are taken with a glass tube, 7 cm x 4 mm ID, containing two sections of activated coconut shell charcoal (front= 100 mg, back= 50 mg) separated by a 2 mm urethane foam plug.
A silylated glass wool plug precedes the front section and a 3 mm urethane foam plug follows the back section.
A sampling pump is connected to this tube and accurately calibrated at a flow rate of 0.01 to 1 l/min for a total sample size of 2 to 15 liters.

Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are best taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of Dichloroethyl ether.

Each measurement should consist of a fifteen (15) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totaling fifteen (15) minutes in the employee's breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee).
A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate of the employee's exposure.

EPA Method 625: Grab samples of water in municipal and industrial discharges must be collected in glass containers, amber, 1.1 l or 1 qt fitted with a screw cap lined with Teflon, except that the bottles must not be prerinsed with sample before collection.
Fill the sample bottles, and if residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg of sodium thiosulfate per liter of sample and mix well.

All samples must be iced or refrigerated from the time of collection until analysis.
All samples must be extracted within 7 days of collection and completely analyzed within 40 days of extraction.

Extraction is performed by adding 60 ml of methylene chloride to the sample in a separatory funnel and shaking.
The combined extract is then concentrated using a Kuderna-Danish apparatus.

EPA Method 1625: Collect water samples in municipal and industrial discharges in glass containers, amber, 1.1 l minimum with threaded caps lined with Teflon.
Maintain samples at 0-4 °C from the time of collection until extraction.

If residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg sodium thiosulfate per liter of water.
Extraction is performed by adding methylene chloride to the samples in a continuous liquid-liquid extractor and concentrated with a Kuderna-Danish apparatus.
Begin sample extraction within seven days of collection, and analyze all extracts within 40 days of extraction.

Analytic Laboratory Methods of Dichloroethyl ether:
A gas chromatographic method for the analysis of sym-Dichloroethyl ether consists of a stainless steel column, 3 m x 3 mm ID, packed with DMCS Chromosorb W-AW (80/100 mesh) coated with 10% FFAP, with hydrogen-air flame ionization detector, and nitrogen or helium as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 30 ml/min, is a NIOSH approved method.
A sample injection volume of 5 ul is suggested, the column temperature is 100 °C, the injection temperature is 200 °C, and the detection temperature is 250 °C.
This method has an estimated detection limit of 0.01 mg/sample, and a relative standard deviation of 0.007, over a working range of 10 to 270 mg/cu m for a 15 liter air sample.

EPA Method 611: A gas chromatography method for the analysis of haloethers in municipal and industrial discharges, consists of a glass column, 1.8 m x 2 mm ID, packed with Supelcoport (100/120 mesh) coated with 3% SP-1000, with a halide specific detector (electrolytic conductivity or microcoulometric), and helium as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 40 ml/min.
A sample injection volume of 2 to 5 ul is suggested, the column temperature is held isothermal at 60 °C for two min after injection then programmed at 8 °C/min to 230 °C and held for four min.
For Dichloroethyl ether the method has a detection limit of 0.3 ug/l and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery +0.36, over a working range of 1.0 to 626 ug/l.

EPA Method 8250: GC/MS for Semivolatile Organics: Packed Column Technique: Extracted samples are analyzed using GC coupled with mass spectrometry.
Under the prescribed conditions, Dichloroethyl ether has a detection limit of 5.7 ug/l, a retention time of 8.4 min, and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery + 0.10 ug/l, over a working range of 5-1300 ug/l.

EPA Method 8270: GC/MS for Semivolatile Organics: Capillary Column Technique: Extracted samples are analyzed using GC coupled with mass spectrometry.
Under the prescribed conditions, Dichloroethyl ether has a retention time of 5.82 min and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery + 0.10 ug/l, over a working range of 5-1300 ug/l.

Handling and Storage of Dichloroethyl ether:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

Stop leak if you can do Dichloroethyl ether without risk.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Precautions for safe handling:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Avoid generation of vapours/aerosols.

Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of ignition.
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Storage stability:

Recommended storage temperature:
2 - 8 °C

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 3: Flammable liquids

Reactivity Profile of Dichloroethyl ether:
Dichloroethyl ether may form phosgene or hydrogen when heated to high temperature.
Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously.

Mixing in equal molar portions with the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid and oleum.

First aid measures of Dichloroethyl ether:

General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show Dichloroethyl ether safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.

If breathing stops:
Immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
In exceptional cases only, if medical care is not available within one hour, induce vomiting (only in persons who are wide awake and fully conscious), administer activated charcoal (20 - 40 g in a 10% slurry) and consult a doctor as quickly as possible.

Fire Fighting of Dichloroethyl ether:
Wear full protective clothing.
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.

Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.
Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Use water, foam, mist, fog, spray, or dry chemical.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.

Small fires:
Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam.

Large fires:
Water spray, fog, or foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk.
Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out.

Fight fire from maximum distance.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter Dichloroethyl ether.

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

In case of fire:
Keep cylinder cool by spraying with water.
NO direct contact with water.

Firefighting measures of Dichloroethyl ether:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Dichloroethyl ether no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Dichloroethyl ether:
Carbon oxides
Hydrogen chloride gas
Combustible.

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air at elevated temperatures.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
Water, foam, mist, fog, spray, dry chemical.

If material is on fire or involved in fire:
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water and apply water from as far a distance as possible.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire:
Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away.
Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.
Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving Dichloroethyl ether.

Accidental Release Measures of Dichloroethyl ether:

Isolation and Evacuation:
1. Remove all ignition sources.
2. Ventilate area of spill or leak.
3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels.

Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood).
Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork.

Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials.
Large quantities can be reclaimed.

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Dichloroethyl ether:

Personal protection:
Chemical protection suit.
Ventilation.

Remove all ignition sources.
Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.

Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Identifiers of Dichloroethyl ether:
CAS Number: 111-44-4
ChEBI: CHEBI:34573
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1613350
ChemSpider: 21106016
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.519
EC Number: 203-870-1
KEGG: C14688
PubChem CID: 8115
RTECS number: KN0875000
UNII: 6K7D1G5M5N
UN number: 1916
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID9020168
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
Key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
Key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYAN
SMILES: ClCCOCCCl

CAS number: 111-44-4
EC index number: 603-029-00-2
EC number: 203-870-1
Hill Formula: C₄H₈Cl₂O
Chemical formula: (ClCH₂CH₂)₂O
Molar Mass: 143.01 g/mol
HS Code: 2909 19 90

Synonym(s): Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Linear Formula: (ClCH2CH2)2O
CAS Number: 111-44-4
Molecular Weight: 143.01
Beilstein: 605317
EC Number: 203-870-1
MDL number: MFCD00000975
PubChem Substance ID: 24892662
NACRES: NA.22

Boiling point: 177 - 178 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.22 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.8 %(V)
Flash point: 55.0 °C
Ignition temperature: 365 °C
Melting Point: -47.0 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.95 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 0.01 g/l

Properties of Dichloroethyl ether:
Chemical formula: C4H8Cl2O
Molar mass: 143.01 g·mol−1
Appearance: Clear liquid
Odor: Chlorinated, solvent-like
Density: 1.22 g/mL
Melting point: −50 °C; −58 °F; 223 K
Boiling point: 178 °C; 352 °F; 451 K decomposes
Solubility in water: 10,200 mg/L
Vapor pressure: 0.7 mmHg (20 °C)

vapor pressure: 0.4 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Quality Level: 200
Assay: 99%
form: liquid
refractive index: n20/D 1.456 (lit.)
bp: 65-67 °C/15 mmHg (lit.)
mp: −47 °C (lit.)
density: 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
SMILES string: ClCCOCCCl
InChI: 1S/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
InChI key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 143.01 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 141.9952203 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 141.9952203 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 9.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 28.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Dichloroethyl ether:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 1.218 - 1.219
Identity (IR): passes test

Related compounds of Dichloroethyl ether:
Sulfur mustard
Nitrogen mustard
2-Bromoethyl ether

Names of Dichloroethyl ether:

Regulatory process names:
2,2'-DICHLORODIETHYL ETHER
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-

Translated names:
2,2’-Dichlor-diethylether (de)
bi(2-cloretil) eter (ro)
bis(2-chloorethyl)ether (nl)
bis(2-chlorethyl)ether (cs)
bis(2-chlorethyl)ether (da)
bis(2-chloretil)eteris (lt)
bis(2-chloroéthyl)éther (fr)
bis(2-chlóretyl)éter (sk)
bis(2-cloroetile) etere (it)
bis(2-kloorietyyli)eetteri (fi)
bis(2-kloretyl)eter 2,2'-diklordietyleter (no)
bis(2-kloretyl)eter 2,2'-diklordietyleter (sv)
bis(2-kloroetil) eter (sl)
bis(2-kloroetil)-eter (hr)
bis(2-kloroetüül)eeter (et)
bisz(2-klóretil)-éter (hu)
eter bis(2-chloroetylowy) eter 2,2'-dichlorodietylowy (pl)
eteru tal-bis(2-kloroetil) (mt)
éter bis(2-cloroetílico) (es)
éter bis(2-cloroetílico) (pt)
δις(2-χλωροαιθυλ)αιθέρας (el)
бис(2-хлорoетил) етер (bg)

IUPAC names:
1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) Ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Diethylene glycol dichloride

Preferred IUPAC name:
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane

Other names:
Oxygen mustard;
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Chlore
Khloreks
DCEE
2-Chloroethyl ether
1,1'-oxybis[2-chloroethane]

Other identifiers:
111-44-4
603-029-00-2
92091-28-6

Synonyms of Dichloroethyl ether:
111-44-4
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER
2-Chloroethyl ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
DCEE
Chlorex
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
Chloroethyl ether
Dichloroether
Khloreks
Clorex
sym-Dichloroethyl ether
Dichloroethyl ether
Dichloroethyl oxide
1,5-Dichloro-3-oxapentane
Ether dichlore
BCEE
2,2'-Dichlorethyl ether
2,2'-Dichloroethyl ether
Di(2-chloroethyl) ether
Oxyde de chlorethyle
Bis(chloro-2-ethyl) oxide
Ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane
2,2'-Dichloorethylether
Rcra waste number U025
2,2'-dichlorodiethylether
Bis(chloroethyl)ether
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether
Caswell No. 309
ENT 4,504
Bis-2-chloroethylether
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
Ether dichlore [French]
Di(beta-chloroethyl)ether
bis-(2-Chloroethyl)ether
Bis(beta-chloroethyl) ether
CCRIS 88
Dicholoroethyl ether
Dichlorodiethyl ether
NSC 406647
Oxyde de chlorethyle [French]
beta,beta-Dichlorodiethyl ether
HSDB 502
s-Dichloroethyl ether
Bis(chloroethyl) ether
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter [Polish]
2,2'-Dichloorethylether [Dutch]
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere [Italian]
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis(2-chloro-
2,2-dichlorodiethylether
.beta.,.beta.'-Dichloroethyl ether
EINECS 203-870-1
UN1916
1-Chloro-2-(beta-chloroethoxy)ethane
RCRA waste no. U025
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether [German]
bis (2-chloroethyl) ether
bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 029501
BRN 0605317
UNII-6K7D1G5M5N
Di(.beta.-chloroethyl) ether
beta,beta'-Dichloroethyl ether
Bis(chloroethyl)ether (BCEE)
AI3-04504
Bis(.beta.-chloroethyl) ether
6K7D1G5M5N
beta,beta'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
DTXSID9020168
CHEBI:34573
MFCD00000975
.beta.,.beta.'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
NSC-406647
1-Chloro-2-(.beta.-chloroethoxy)ethane
EC 203-870-1
DTXCID70168
1,1'-Oxybis[2-chloroethane]
CAS-111-44-4
2-dichlorodiethyl ether
2-chloroethylether
2-chloro-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
Di(chloroethyl) oxide
O(CCCl)CCCl
2,2'-Diklordietyleter
Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
DEE (CHRIS Code)
bis-(2chloroethyl)ether
1-chloromethylmethylether
Ether, bis(chloroethyl)
bis-(2-choroethyl)ether
bis (2-chloroethyl)ether
1-chloromethylmethyl ether
bis(beta-chloroethyl)ether
2,2'Dichlorodiethyl ether
Diethylene glycol dichloride
2,2'-Dichlor-diethylether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl oxide
2-Chloroethyl ether, 99%
WLN: G2O2G
SCHEMBL58439
Ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)-
1,1-oxybis[2-chloroethane]
MLS002454390
BIDD:ER0300
Ethane,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-
ther bis (chloro-2 thylique)
ETHER, DI(CHLOROETHYL)
CHEMBL1613350
Ethane, 1,1'oxybis[2-chloro-
AMY9389
beta ,beta'-dichlorodiethyl ether
Bis (chloroethyl) ether (BCEE)
BIS(2 CHLOROETHYL) ETHER
HMS3039G11
Etano, 1,1'-oxibis [2-cloro-
1-(2-chloroethoxy)-2-chloroethane
BCP22801
Tox21_202074
Tox21_300514
LS-533
NA1916
NSC406647
STL282719
SYM-DICHLOROETHYL ETHER [MI]
1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethane
1-chloro-2-(2-chloro-ethoxy)-ethane
AKOS000118954
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane #
BCP9000069
UN 1916
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)ETHER [IARC]
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER [HSDB]
NCGC00090856-01
NCGC00090856-02
NCGC00090856-03
NCGC00254256-01
NCGC00259623-01
AS-11884
SMR001372006
B0472
Dichloroethyl ether (Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether)
EN300-19202
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison]
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison]
Q-200159
Q2509768
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
Dichloroethyl ether; (1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane)
InChI=1/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H
F0001-0241
bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether 1000 microg/mL in Methanol, Second Source
111-44-4 [RN]
1-Chlor-2-(2-chlorethoxy)ethan [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroéthoxy)éthane [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
203-870-1 [EINECS]
2-Chloroethyl ether
6K7D1G5M5N
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Bis(chloroethyl) ether [Wiki]
ethane, 1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)-
Ethane, 2,2'-oxybis[1-chloro- [ACD/Index Name]
MFCD00000975 [MDL number]
[111-44-4] [RN]
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
1,1-oxybis[2-chloroethane]
1,1'-Oxybis[2-chloroethane]
1,5-Dichloro-3-oxapentane
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloro-ethoxy)-ethane
1-Chloro-2-(b-chloroethoxy)ethane
1-Chloro-2-(β-chloroethoxy)ethane
1-Chloro-2-(β-chloroethoxy)ethane
2, 2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
2,2`-Dichlordiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichloorethylether
2,2'-Dichloorethylether [Dutch]
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether [German]
2,2'-Dichlordiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison]
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, ß
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl oxide
2,2'-dichlorodiethylether
2,2-Dichlorodiethylether
2,2'-dichloroethyl ether
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere [Italian]
2-chloro-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
2-ChloroethylEther
4-01-00-01375 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
92091-28-6 [RN]
93952-02-4 [RN]
b,b'-dichlorodiethyl ether
b,b-dichlorodiethyl ether
b,b'-Dichloroethyl Ether
BCEE
Bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)-d8 Ether
bis-(2-Chloroethyl)ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (d8)
Bis(b-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(chloro-2-ethyl) oxide
Bis(chloroethyl)ether
bis(ß-chloroethyl) ether
bis(β-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(β-chloroethyl) ether
Bis-2-chloroethylether
Chlorex
CHLOROETHYL ETHER
clorex
dcee
Di(2-chloroethyl) ether
Di(b-chloroethyl) ether
Di(chloroethyl) oxide
Di(β-chloroethyl) ether
Di(β-chloroethyl)ether
Dichlorodiethyl ether
dichloroether
'-Dichloroethyl ether
DICHLOROETHYL ETHER
Dichloroethyl oxide
Dicholoroethyl ether
Diethylene glycol dichloride
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter [Polish]
EINECS 203-870-1
Ether dichlore
Ether dichlore [French]
ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)
Ether, bis(chloroethyl)
ETHERBISCHLOROETHYL
G2O2G [WLN]
Khloreks
Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
Oxyde de chlorethyle
Oxyde de chlorethyle [French]
s-Dichloroethyl ether
sym-Dichloroethyl Ether
UN 1916
UNII:6K7D1G5M5N
UNII-6K7D1G5M5N
WLN: G2O2G
β ,β'-dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β'-dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β-Dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β'-Dichloroethyl ether
β,β'-Dichloroethyl Ether
β,β-DICHLOROETHYL ETHER
β-chloroethyl ether
DICHLOROHYDROXYDIPHENYLETHER ( DCPP )
Cyanoguanidine; 1-Cyanoguanidine; Dicyandiamide; Dicy; DCD; N-Cyanoguanidine; Dicyandiamin; Cyanguanidin; Cianoguanidina; Cyanoguanidine; 2-Cyanoguanidine; Araldite XB; 1-CYANOGUANIDINE; 2-Cyanoguanidine; AKOS NCG-0013; CYANOGUANIDINE; DCD; DICY; DICYANDIAMIDE; DICYANODIAMIDE; DYHARD(R) 100; DYHARD(R) 100 S; DYHARD(R) 100 SF; DYHARD(R) 100 SH; DYHARD(R) G 03; DYHARD(R) T 03 CAS NO:461-58-5
DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate contains pentaerythritol (2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol) as an alcoholic component in esters or condensed with other (poly) alcohols or sugars.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a gloss enhancer, has excellent hydro-balance performance, and very good conditioning properties.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has excellent lubricating, dispersing, emulsifying, solubilizing abilities.


CAS Number: 25496-72-4, 57-55-6


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate contains stearyl alcohol (1-octadecanol) as an alcoholic component.
Citrates are salts or esters of citric acid.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a synthetic Substance, a Synthetic ingredient derived from coconut oil.


The name component "Cocoyl" means that the ingredient contains fatty acids from coconut oil (Cocos Nucifera Oil) as fatty acid components (usually introduced via an acylation reaction).
The conditioning efficacy, the hydro-balance performance and the gloss effects of a Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate formulation were compared with a lanolin-containing formula and a market benchmark conditioner.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is white solid.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is insoluble in water.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is stable.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has under strong acid or strong alkali condition, easily hydrolyzed.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is easily oxidized.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a gloss enhancer, has excellent hydro-balance performance, and very good conditioning properties.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has excellent lubricating, dispersing, emulsifying, solubilizing abilities.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a mixture of higher molecular fatty acid esters, fatty acid salts and oil binding additives.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a yellowish, wax-like fat product which is supplied in pellets, with an inherent odor.
This product is Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has a dropping point of 45-60°C, an iodine number of 20-30, and a saponification value of 160-175.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate may or may not be vegan.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a compound of Citric Acid, Stearyl Alcohol, and coconut, used in some cosmetics as an emollient.
Claims: Emulsifiers > Emulsifiers W/O (Water in oil)



USES and APPLICATIONS of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is mixture of higher molecular fatty acid esters, fatty acid salts and oil binding additives
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is yellowish, wax-like pellets with an inherent odor
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is an O/W cream base.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a mixture of consistency giving factors and emulsifiers.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is used in face cleansing, baby care & cleansing, face-, color & body care products and sun-care (sun-protection, after-sun & self-tanning) products.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is ideally used for hair care, hair conditioning and hair treatments.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a gloss enhancer, has excellent hydro-balance performance, and very good conditioning properties.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is suitable for skin care emulsions.


-Application(s)of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate: Hair
Applications of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate: After Sun Care, Body Care, Face Care, Hand & Nail Care, Skin Care, Sun Protection
-General Use of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
Performance claims, Sustainability claims, Function, Applications, Usage level


-Technical Use of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
Chemical group, Chemical properties, Physical properties, Appearance, Colors, Origin, Origin Species
-Cosmetic Uses of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
*skin conditioning
*skin conditioning - emollient


-Uses of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
*W/O cream base suitable for various
*W/O skin care emulsions
*Baby Care and Cleansing
*Body Care
*Face Care
*Self Tanning
*Sun Protection


-Uses of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
Emollient, skin conditioning.
-Applications of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
*Emollient, skin conditioning


-cosmetic action of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
Softens the skin, cleanses, does not leave irritation
-Applications of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate: Baby Care, Body Care, Face Care, Hand & Nail Care, Sun Care



FUNCTIONS OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
*Emollient: Softens and softens the skin
*Skin conditioning agent: Keeps the skin in good condition
*Conditioner
*Consistency Factor
*fat soluble
*Emollients/Emollients - soften and soften the skin



FUNCTION IN COSMETICS OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
*Emollient
*Conditioning substance
*Film-forming substance
*Greasing substance
*Moisturizing substance
*Emollient



ACTION IN COSMETICS OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate that softens calloused epidermis. Used e.g. cracked heel products.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has an indirect moisturizing effect (reduces water loss by creating an occlusive layer), smoothing.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate restores the skin's natural barrier function.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate makes the skin soft, elastic and smooth.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is used in creams with a heavier consistency, e.g. oiling creams.



OTHER FEATURES OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
*emollient
*skin conditioner



FUNCTIONS OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SKIN CONDITIONER:
Keeps the skin in good condition
*SKIN CONDITIONER - EMOLLIENT:
Makes the skin soft and supple



CATEGORY OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
Non-ionic surfactant
> Ester
>> Fatty Alcohol Ester
>>> Pentaerythritol Ester



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available

pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
not required
*Respiratory protection:
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
citric acid, 1,2-dodecyl ester
ester with bis(coco acyl)pentaerythrytol
Dehymuls Fce
Dicocoylpentaerythrityl Distearylcitrat
Dicocoyl Pentaerytrhityl Distearyl Citrate
Citric acid, 1,2-stearyl ester
ester with bis(coco acyl)pentaerythritol
ALUMINUM STEARATES
MICROCRISTALLINA CERA
DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE
GLYCERYL OLEATE
PROPYLENE GLYCOL