Ammonium bifluoride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NH4HF2.
Ammonium bifluoride is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water.
Ammonium bifluoride is a salt that contains both ammonium (NH4+) and bifluoride (HF2-) ions.

CAS Number: 1341-49-7



APPLICATIONS


Ammonium bifluoride is commonly used for metal surface treatment and cleaning.
Ammonium bifluoride is employed in the metal industry for the removal of oxides, scales, and impurities from metal surfaces.
Ammonium bifluoride is particularly effective in descaling stainless steel and aluminum.

In aluminum production, ammonium bifluoride plays a role in the preparation of aluminum alloys.
Ammonium bifluoride is used in the glass industry for glass etching and frosting applications, creating decorative patterns on glass surfaces.
Ammonium bifluoride finds application in the preparation of glassware with frosted or textured designs.
Laboratories use ammonium bifluoride as a reagent in various chemical reactions and processes.

Ammonium bifluoride is used in analytical chemistry for sample preparation and analysis.
Ammonium bifluoride is essential in some specialized cleaning products designed for household and industrial use.

Ammonium bifluoride is found in rust removers and cleaning agents, particularly for metal surfaces.
Ammonium bifluoride is employed in preparing aluminum surfaces for welding and painting.

In the electronics industry, it is used for cleaning and etching printed circuit boards (PCBs).
Ammonium bifluoride is part of the process for creating microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices.
Ammonium bifluoride is used in the semiconductor industry for silicon wafer etching and cleaning.

In the dental field, ammonium bifluoride is used for etching tooth enamel and dental prosthetics.
Ammonium bifluoride plays a role in creating dental restorations such as crowns and veneers.
Ammonium bifluoride is utilized in some rust inhibitors and rust converters.

In the textile industry, it is used for cleaning and treating fabrics.
Ammonium bifluoride is applied in the preparation of specialty coatings and finishes for various materials.

The aerospace industry uses it for the cleaning and preparation of aircraft components.
Ammonium bifluoride is a component in the cleaning and maintenance of optical lenses, telescopes, and other precision instruments.

Ammonium bifluoride is employed in the printing industry for plate etching and cleaning printing equipment.
In the automotive industry, it is used for cleaning engine components and removing oxidation from alloy wheels.

Ammonium bifluoride is used to etch and decorate ceramic and porcelain surfaces.
Ammonium bifluoride is a versatile chemical compound with applications in various industrial sectors, although it must be handled with caution due to its corrosive nature and potential health risks.

Ammonium bifluoride is used in the petrochemical industry for removing impurities and scale from heat exchangers and pipelines.
Ammonium bifluoride is an essential component in the maintenance and cleaning of cooling towers in industrial facilities.

In the food industry, ammonium bifluoride can be used for equipment cleaning and maintenance, particularly in dairies and food processing plants.
Ammonium bifluoride is applied in the cleaning and maintenance of stainless steel tanks and vessels in breweries and wineries.
Ammonium bifluoride is used for removing mineral deposits, scale, and rust stains from bathroom and kitchen fixtures.

In the automotive detailing industry, ammonium bifluoride is employed to remove stubborn stains and mineral deposits from car windows and windshields.
Ammonium bifluoride is used for cleaning and etching ceramic tiles and porcelain surfaces in the construction industry.
Ammonium bifluoride can be found in specialty glass cleaners designed to remove mineral deposits and hard water stains from windows and glass surfaces.

Ammonium bifluoride is used to clean and restore antique and stained glass artworks and windows.
In the cleaning of aluminum cookware and utensils, it helps remove tarnish and oxidation.
Ammonium bifluoride is utilized in the recycling industry for the removal of labels and adhesive residues from glass and plastic containers.

Ammonium bifluoride is used for cleaning and maintaining swimming pool and spa filtration systems.
In the HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) industry, it plays a role in cleaning and maintaining air conditioning coils and systems.
Ammonium bifluoride is applied in the cleaning and maintenance of industrial ovens and baking equipment in the bakery industry.
Ammonium bifluoride is used for cleaning and restoring vinyl records, removing dirt, dust, and contaminants for improved sound quality.

In the oil and gas industry, ammonium bifluoride is used for cleaning and maintaining drilling equipment.
Ammonium bifluoride is employed in the cleaning and maintenance of high-pressure steam boilers in power plants.
Ammonium bifluoride is used in the manufacture of specialty glass and optical lenses with precise surface finishes.
Ammonium bifluoride finds applications in the restoration and preservation of historical architectural details and monuments.

In the art conservation field, ammonium bifluoride is used to remove surface contaminants from paintings and sculptures.
Ammonium bifluoride plays a role in the cleaning and maintenance of air filtration systems in aircraft and spacecraft.

Ammonium bifluoride is utilized in the cleaning and preparation of aquarium tanks for fish and aquatic organisms.
In the electronics manufacturing industry, ammonium bifluoride is used for the etching of printed circuit boards and semiconductor components.

Ammonium bifluoride can be found in rust converter products designed to convert rust into a more stable, paintable surface.
Ammonium bifluoride is a versatile and effective cleaning and etching agent used across a wide range of industries, from industrial manufacturing to art restoration and conservation.

In the electronics industry, ammonium bifluoride is used for cleaning and etching silicon wafers and microelectronic components during semiconductor manufacturing.
Ammonium bifluoride plays a crucial role in the production of integrated circuits and microchips.

In the field of printed circuit board (PCB) assembly, it is employed for the selective removal of copper and other materials to create circuit patterns.
Ammonium bifluoride is used for cleaning and maintaining analytical instruments in scientific laboratories, such as spectrometers and chromatographs.

In the aerospace industry, ammonium bifluoride is utilized for cleaning and preparing aircraft components, including engine parts and avionics.
Ammonium bifluoride is an essential component in the maintenance of gas turbines used in power generation and aviation.

Ammonium bifluoride is applied in the glass tempering process to create tempered or safety glass for automotive, architectural, and other applications.
Ammonium bifluoride is used for the etching of aluminum and aluminum alloys to improve adhesion in adhesive bonding and paint applications.
In the manufacturing of solar panels, the compound is employed to clean and etch the surfaces of photovoltaic cells for improved energy conversion.

Ammonium bifluoride is used in the removal of flux residues and soldering fluxes from PCBs.
Ammonium bifluoride plays a role in the cleaning and restoration of historical and antique clocks and watch components.

In the aerospace industry, it is applied to clean and prepare spacecraft components for missions to space.
Ammonium bifluoride is used to remove oxide and scale from heat exchangers and boiler tubes in industrial power plants.
Ammonium bifluoride is employed for cleaning and descaling industrial refrigeration systems, ensuring optimal efficiency.

In the chemical industry, ammonium bifluoride is used to clean and maintain various types of processing equipment and vessels.
Ammonium bifluoride is found in specialty graffiti removers for the removal of graffiti from a variety of surfaces.
Ammonium bifluoride is utilized in the cleaning and maintenance of heat exchangers and condensers in the HVAC and refrigeration industry.

In the marine industry, ammonium bifluoride is used for cleaning and maintaining shipboard equipment and components.
Ammonium bifluoride is applied for the cleaning and maintenance of brewing and fermentation tanks in the brewery industry.
Ammonium bifluoride is used in the petrochemical industry to clean and maintain pipelines, heat exchangers, and storage tanks.

Ammonium bifluoride is employed in the cleaning and preparation of ceramics for glazing and finishing.
Ammonium bifluoride plays a role in the cleaning and maintenance of wastewater treatment facilities and equipment.

In the automotive repair and restoration industry, it is used to remove rust and oxidation from metal surfaces.
Ammonium bifluoride is found in specialized rust stain removers for concrete and masonry surfaces.

Ammonium bifluoride's applications are diverse and extend to various industries and processes, where its cleaning and etching properties are highly valuable.

In the automotive industry, ammonium bifluoride is used to clean and maintain car radiators and cooling systems, removing scale and deposits.
Ammonium bifluoride is employed in the maintenance of air conditioning systems and heat exchangers in residential and commercial HVAC systems.

In the construction industry, ammonium bifluoride is used to clean and etch concrete surfaces before painting or applying coatings.
Ammonium bifluoride plays a role in the preparation and cleaning of metal surfaces for welding and fabrication in the construction and metalworking sectors.
Ammonium bifluoride is utilized in the nuclear power industry for cleaning and maintaining reactor components.
Ammonium bifluoride is an essential part of the preparation process for electroplating and anodizing metal components.
Ammonium bifluoride is found in some specialty rust and corrosion inhibitors for metal surfaces exposed to harsh environments.

In the marine industry, it is applied for cleaning and maintaining ship hulls, propellers, and underwater structures.
Ammonium bifluoride is used in the restoration and preservation of historical and cultural artifacts, such as sculptures, statues, and monuments.
Ammonium bifluoride plays a role in the cleaning and maintenance of water treatment facilities and equipment used for potable water and wastewater.

In the pharmaceutical industry, ammonium bifluoride can be used for equipment cleaning and maintenance in pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities.
Ammonium bifluoride is found in some specialty cleaning products for removing tough stains and mineral deposits from bathroom and kitchen surfaces.
Ammonium bifluoride is used to clean and maintain laboratory glassware and equipment in research and educational institutions.

In the printing industry, it is applied for plate etching and cleaning in the production of newspapers, magazines, and packaging materials.
Ammonium bifluoride is utilized in the cleaning and maintenance of hydraulic systems and components in heavy machinery and industrial equipment.
Ammonium bifluoride is employed in the cleaning and restoration of fine art and antiquities, including paintings and sculptures.

In the chemical manufacturing industry, ammonium bifluoride is used to clean and maintain reaction vessels and processing equipment.
Ammonium bifluoride is a component in some specialized graffiti removers for removing graffiti from a variety of surfaces.
Ammonium bifluoride is applied in the cleaning and maintenance of industrial dryers and industrial ovens used in manufacturing processes.
Ammonium bifluoride is found in cleaning products for removing rust stains from concrete walkways, patios, and driveways.

Ammonium bifluoride is used in the aerospace industry for cleaning and maintaining rocket engines and launch components.
Ammonium bifluoride plays a role in the cleaning and maintenance of industrial evaporators used in the food and beverage industry.

In the textile industry, it is applied for cleaning and preparing fabrics and textiles for dyeing and printing.
Ammonium bifluoride is utilized in the cleaning and maintenance of analytical instruments used in scientific research and development.
Ammonium bifluoride's versatility extends to an array of applications across industries, contributing to the cleaning, etching, and maintenance of various materials and equipment.



DESCRIPTION


Ammonium bifluoride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NH4HF2.
Ammonium bifluoride is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water.
Ammonium bifluoride is a salt that contains both ammonium (NH4+) and bifluoride (HF2-) ions.

Ammonium bifluoride is often used in various industrial applications, including metal cleaning and etching, glass etching, and as a laboratory reagent.
Ammonium bifluoride should be handled with care, as it is corrosive and can release toxic hydrogen fluoride gas when heated or exposed to moisture.

Ammonium bifluoride, with the chemical formula NH4HF2, is a crystalline, inorganic compound.
Ammonium bifluoride is also known as ammonium hydrogen difluoride.

Ammonium bifluoride consists of ammonium ions (NH4+) and bifluoride ions (HF2-).
Ammonium bifluoride appears as a white, odorless, and water-soluble solid.
Ammonium bifluoride is highly hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the surrounding air.

Ammonium bifluoride is commonly used in various industrial applications due to its strong etching and cleaning properties.
Ammonium bifluoride has a molecular weight of approximately 57.04 g/mol.

Ammonium bifluoride is used as a source of fluoride ions in chemical processes.
Ammonium bifluoride is often employed in metal surface treatment to remove oxides, scales, and other impurities.

In the metal industry, it is used for cleaning and descaling stainless steel and aluminum surfaces.
Ammonium bifluoride is a key component in the preparation of aluminum alloys.

Ammonium bifluoride is used in the glass industry for glass etching and frosting applications.
Ammonium bifluoride is utilized to etch glass surfaces, creating decorative patterns and designs.

In laboratories, ammonium bifluoride is used as a reagent in chemical reactions.
Ammonium bifluoride is known for its corrosive nature and should be handled with appropriate safety precautions.

Ammonium bifluoride can release toxic hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas when heated or exposed to moisture.
Proper protective equipment, including gloves and goggles, is essential when working with this compound.

Ammonium bifluoride is an essential component in some rust removers and cleaning agents.
Ammonium bifluoride is often used to clean and prepare aluminum surfaces for welding and painting.

Ammonium bifluoride is also used in some specialized cleaning products for household and industrial applications.
Ammonium bifluoride is classified as a hazardous material, and its handling and storage are subject to regulations.
Exposure to this compound can lead to skin and eye irritation and other health risks.

Ammonium bifluoride should be stored in a cool, dry place away from incompatible substances and heat sources.
Ammonium bifluoride should be kept in well-sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption.
Due to its potential hazards, safe and responsible handling and disposal practices are essential when working with ammonium bifluoride.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: NH4HF2
Molecular Weight: Approximately 57.04 grams/mol
Physical State: Solid
Appearance: White, crystalline powder or solid
Odor: Odorless
Solubility:
Highly soluble in water
Slightly soluble in alcohol
pH: Acidic
Melting Point: Approximately 124.8°C (257.6°F)
Boiling Point: Decomposes at high temperatures
Density: Approximately 1.50 g/cm³
Hygroscopic: It readily absorbs moisture from the surrounding air.
Corrosivity: Highly corrosive
Toxicity: It can release toxic hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas when heated or exposed to moisture.
Flammability: Non-flammable under normal conditions, but can release flammable gases when in contact with certain metals.



FIRST AID


Inhalation (Breathing in Fumes):

Move the affected person to an area with fresh air immediately.
If the person is not breathing or having difficulty breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Seek immediate medical attention, and inform the medical staff about the exposure to Ammonium bifluoride.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry, taking care not to spread the chemical.
Rinse the affected skin with plenty of lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Use soap and water to wash the exposed skin thoroughly.
Seek medical attention even for minor skin exposure, as Ammonium bifluoride can cause delayed chemical burns.


Eye Contact:

Immediately rinse the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water, keeping the eyelids open to ensure thorough flushing for at least 15 minutes.
Do not use eye drops or any other substances unless prescribed by a medical professional.
Seek immediate medical attention, as eye exposure to Ammonium bifluoride can lead to severe eye damage and vision impairment.


Ingestion (Swallowing):

Do not induce vomiting, as this can worsen the condition.
Give the affected person small sips of water if conscious and not in distress.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.


General First Aid Precautions:

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and safety goggles, when providing first aid to an affected person.
Ensure that the exposed person is transported to a medical facility as quickly as possible, and provide information about the chemical exposure.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Precautions:

Handling of Ammonium bifluoride should only be carried out by trained personnel who are familiar with the properties and hazards of the chemical.
Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, a lab coat or protective clothing, and a chemical-resistant apron.
Work with Ammonium bifluoride in a well-ventilated area or under a chemical fume hood to minimize exposure to fumes and dust.
Avoid generating dust or fine particles of the compound, as inhaling them can be harmful.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where Ammonium bifluoride is handled, and wash hands and exposed skin thoroughly after handling.
All equipment used with Ammonium bifluoride should be constructed of materials that are resistant to corrosion by the chemical, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or stainless steel.


Storage Conditions:

Store Ammonium bifluoride in a dedicated, well-ventilated storage area that is cool, dry, and isolated from incompatible substances.
Keep containers tightly closed to prevent moisture absorption and contact with air.
Avoid storing it near strong acids, bases, reducing agents, and flammable materials, as it may react with them.
Store the chemical away from heat sources, open flames, sparks, and direct sunlight.
Containers of Ammonium bifluoride should be labeled with clear hazard warnings and information.
Make sure that storage areas are equipped with appropriate safety equipment, including eyewash stations and emergency showers in case of exposure.


Spill and Leak Response:

In the event of a spill or leak, restrict access to the affected area to prevent exposure.
Use appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat or protective clothing, when responding to spills.
Contain and neutralize the spill with appropriate absorbent materials designed for chemical spills (e.g., sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or calcium hydroxide).
Carefully transfer the neutralized material into a chemical waste container.
Thoroughly clean the spill area, following local regulations for hazardous waste disposal.


Disposal:

Dispose of Ammonium bifluoride and any contaminated materials in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations for hazardous waste disposal.
Do not dispose of it in regular trash or down the drain.


Emergency Response:

Ensure that emergency response personnel are familiar with the hazards associated with Ammonium bifluoride and are equipped with appropriate PPE and emergency response equipment.
Be prepared to provide information about the chemical, its properties, and the nature of the exposure when seeking medical attention or contacting emergency services.



SYNONYMS


Ammonium acid fluoride
Ammonium fluoride hydrogen
Ammonium fluorohydrogenate
Ammonium hydrogen difluoride
Ammonium hydrogen fluoride
Ammonium bifluoride
Ammonium hydrogen fluorite
Ammonium hydrofluoride
Ammonium fluorhydric acid
Ammonium fluorohydrogenate
Ammonium HF
Ammonium HF 45%
Ammonium Hydrogen fluoride 55%
Ammonium HF solution
Ammonium HF etchant
Ammonium HF buffer
Ammonium bifluoride solution
Ammonium acid fluoride solution
Aqueous ammonium bifluoride
ABF
ABF solution
Ammonium fluorohydrogenate solution
Ammonium fluorohydrogenate
Ammonium bifluoride solution
Ammonium hydrofluoride
Ammonium hydrofluoride solution
Ammonium fluorhydric acid
Ammonium HF solution
Ammonium HF etchant
Ammonium HF buffer
Aqueous ammonium bifluoride
Aqueous ammonium fluoride
Ammonium acid fluoride solution
Ammonium hydrogen difluoride solution
Ammonium fluoride hydrogen solution
Ammonium fluorohydrogenate solution
ABF solution
ABF etchant
Ammonium hydrogen fluoride solution
Ammonium fluoride acid solution
Ammonium fluoride hydrogen solution
Ammonium fluoride hydrogen fluoride
Ammonium hydrogen fluoride etchant
Ammonium hydrogen fluoride buffer
Ammonium fluorohydrogenate etchant
Ammonium bifluoride etching solution
Ammonium fluoride hydrogen fluoride solution
Ammonium fluoride acid
Ammonium fluoride solution
Ammonium bifluoride powder
Ammonium fluorhydric acid solution
Ammonium hydrogen fluoride powder
Ammonium HF solid
Ammonium HF 55%
Ammonium fluorohydrogenate powder
Ammonium hydrogen difluoride powder
Ammonium fluoride hydrogen powder
Ammonium fluoride hydrogen fluoride powder
Ammonium fluorhydric acid powder
Ammonium hydrogen fluoride etchant
Ammonium fluoride acid etchant
Ammonium fluoride solution etchant
Ammonium fluoride hydrogen solution etchant
Ammonium hydrogen fluoride solid
Ammonium HF buffer solution
Ammonium fluoride hydrogen fluoride solid
Ammonium fluoride hydrogen fluoride etchant
Ammonium fluoride acid solid
Ammonium fluoride hydrogen powder
Ammonium fluoride hydrogen fluoride solid
Ammonium fluoride acid powder
Ammonium fluoride hydrogen fluoride solution etchant

AMMONIUM CARBONATE, N° CAS : 10361-29-2, Nom INCI : AMMONIUM CARBONATE, Nom chimique : Ammonium carbonate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 233-786-0, Ses fonctions (INCI) :Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques

Ammoniac; Ammonium Muriate; Sal ammoniac; Amchlor; Darammon; Salammonite; Salammoniac; Ammoniumchloridefume; Ammoniumchlorid; Chlorammonic; Chlorid Ammonia;Chlorid Amonny; Chlorid Amonny; Cloruro De Amonio; Gen-diur; Muriate of Ammonia; Ammonium chloride CAS NO:12125-02-9

SYNONYMS Ammoniac; Ammonium Muriate; Sal ammoniac; Amchlor; Darammon; Salammonite; Salammoniac; Ammoniumchloridefume; Ammoniumchlorid CAS NO. 12125-02-9

AMMONIUM COCOYL ISETHIONATE,ammonium 2-cocoyloxyethanesulfonate N° CAS : 223705-57-5, Nom INCI : AMMONIUM COCOYL ISETHIONATE, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. 2-coccoilossietansolfonato di ammonio (it); 2-cocoiloxietanossulfonato de amónio (pt); 2-cocoiloxietanosulfonato de amonio (es); 2-cocoiloxietansulfonat de amoniu (ro); 2-cocoyloxyéthanesulfonate d'ammonium (fr); 2-kokoilooksyetanosulfonian amonu (pl); 2-kokojlossietansulfonat tal-ammonju (mt); 2-κοκκοϋλοξυαιθανοσουλφονικό αμμώνιο (el); ammonium-2-cocoyloksyetansulfonat (no); ammonium-2-cocoyloxyethaansulfonaat (nl); ammonium-2-cocoyloxyethansulfonat (da); ammonium-2-kokosalkyloxietansulfonat (sv); ammonium-2-kokoyylioksietaanisulfonaatti (fi); ammoonium-2-kokoüüloksüetaansulfonaat (et); ammónium 2-kokoiloxietánszulfonát (hu); amonija 2-kokoiloksietānsulfonāts (lv); amonijev 2-kokoiloksietansulfonat (hr); amonio 2-kokoiloksietansulfonatas (lt); amonné soli 2-sulfoethylesterů mastných kyselin z kokosového oleje (cs); amónium-2-(alkanoyloxy)etán-1-sulfonát, kde alkanoyl je z kokosového oleja (sk); амониев 2-кокоилоксиетансулфонат (bg); Fatty acids, coco, 2-sulfoethyl esters, ammonium salts

SYNONYMS (NH4)F; Ammonium fluorure; Fluorure d'ammonium; Fluoruro amonico; Neutral ammonium fluoride; CAS NO. 12125-01-8

Ammonium ethanoate, also known as spirit of Mindererus in aqueous solution, is a chemical compound with the formula NH4CH3CO2.
Ammonium ethanoate is a white, hygroscopic solid and can be derived from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid.
Ammonium ethanoate is widely used in the chemical analysis, in the pharmaceutical industry, the food sector in preserving foods, and in various other industries too.

CAS Number: 631-61-8
EC Number: 211-162-9
Chemical Formula: C2H7NO2
Molar Mass: 77.083 g·mol−1

Ammonium ethanoate appears as a white crystalline solid.
The primary hazard is the threat to the environment.

Immediate steps should be taken to limit Ammonium ethanoate spread to the environment.
Ammonium ethanoate is used in chemical analysis, in pharmaceuticals, in preserving foods, and for other uses.

Ammonium ethanoate is an ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid.
A deliquescent white crystalline solid, Ammonium ethanoate has a relatively low melting point (114℃) for a salt.

Ammonium ethanoate is used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.
Ammonium ethanoate has a role as a food acidity regulator and a buffer.
Ammonium ethanoate is an acetate salt and an ammonium salt.

Ammonium ethanoate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Ammonium ethanoate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Ammonium ethanoate, also known as spirit of Mindererus in aqueous solution, is a chemical compound with the formula NH4CH3CO2.
Ammonium ethanoate is a white, hygroscopic solid and can be derived from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid.
Ammonium ethanoate is available commercially.

Ammonium ethanoate is a white crystalline solid formed when ammonia reacts with acetic acid.
Ammonium ethanoate is widely used in the chemical analysis, in the pharmaceutical industry, the food sector in preserving foods, and in various other industries too.
Ammonium ethanoate is also used as a buffer in topical personal care and cosmetic products in manufacturing skin lotions, shampoos, conditioners and more.

Ammonium ethanoate or C2H7NO2 appears in the form of a crystalline white solid with a slight acetous odour.
This ammonium salt is derived from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid.

The chemical name of this salt is Ammonium ethanoate while it is even known as the spirit of Mindererus on the aqueous form.
The other names of Ammonium ethanoate include Spirit of Mindererus and Azanium Acetate.

Ammonium ethanoate is extensively used in the preservation of foods; in pharmaceuticals and the chemical analysis procedure.
Ammonium ethanoate works most effectively when used in the form of a food acidity regulator.

However, Ammonium ethanoate is one of the major threats to the atmosphere or the living environment.
Instant measures need to be taken to restricting the spread of this hazardous sale in the environment.

Ammonium ethanoate is widely utilized as a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation.
Ammonium ethanoate is the primary source of ammonia in the Borch reaction in organic synthesis.

Ammonium ethanoate is used with distilled water to make a protein precipitating reagent.
Ammonium ethanoate acts as a buffer for electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry of proteins and other molecules and as mobile phases for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Sometimes, Ammonium ethanoate is used as a biodegradable de-icing agent and an acidity regulator in food additives.

Ammonium ethanoate is a salt that has interesting chemical properties and due to this reason, the pharmaceutical industry uses Ammonium ethanoate as an intermediary and raw material in various processes.
Ammonium ethanoate is a salt that forms from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid.
Also, Ammonium ethanoate is useful for applications that require buffer solutions.

The Henry reactions are the most common reactions that use Ammonium ethanoate.
In an aqueous solution, Ammonium ethanoate is a chemical compound that we know by the name spirit of Mindererus or Ammonium ethanoate, which is a white, hygroscopic solid we can derive from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid.

Ammonium ethanoate has a variety of applications in molecular biology and chromatography.
Ammonium ethanoate is a useful reagent for the purification and precipitation of DNA and protein.
Ammonium ethanoate can be used in the HPLC and MS analysis of peptides, oligosaccharides, and proteins.

Uses of Ammonium ethanoate:
Ammonium ethanoate is used in explosives, foam rubbers, vinyl plastics, and drugs.
Ammonium ethanoate is also used for preserving meats, dyeing and stripping, determining lead and iron, and separating lead sulfate from other sulfates.

There are large scale uses of Ammonium ethanoate.
Ammonium ethanoate is used in the form of a food acidity regulator.

Ammonium ethanoate is the food additive used for changing or controlling the alkalinity or acidity of foods.
Ammonium ethanoate is also widely used in the form of a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation procedure.

Ammonium ethanoate serves as one of the best sources of ammonia is the Borch reaction during organic synthesis. 
Ammonium ethanoate is used in combination with wholly distilled water for making a kind of protein precipitating reagent.

Ammonium ethanoate even serves in the form of a buffer for ESI or electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of molecules and proteins and the form of a mobile phase for HPLC or high-performance liquid chromatography.
Quite rarely though, Ammonium ethanoate is even used in the form of a biodegradable de-icing agent.

Ammonium ethanoate even works best when used as a diuretic.
Ammonium ethanoate tends to be unstable at low pressure, and this is why Ammonium ethanoate is used for substituting cell buffers with different non-explosive salts in the preparation of mass spectrometry samples.

Other important uses of Ammonium ethanoate include:
Ammonium ethanoate is used in the manufacture of explosives.
Ammonium ethanoate is used for making foam rubber.

Ammonium ethanoate is used for preserving meat.Used for manufacturing vinyl plastics.
Ammonium ethanoate is used in different agricultural products.

In analytical chemistry, Ammonium ethanoate is used in the form of a reagent.
Ammonium ethanoate is used as a reagent in different dialysis procedures for the elimination of contaminants through diffusion.
In agricultural chemistry, Ammonium ethanoate, when used as a reagent, helps in determining soil CEC or cation exchange capacity along with the availability of potassium in the soil. 

Ammonium ethanoate is the main precursor to acetamide:
NH4CH3CO2 → CH3C(O)NH2 + H2O

Ammonium ethanoate is also used as a diuretic.

Buffer:
As the salt of a weak acid and a weak base, Ammonium ethanoate is often used with acetic acid to create a buffer solution.
Ammonium ethanoate is volatile at low pressures.
Because of this, Ammonium ethanoate has been used to replace cell buffers that contain non-volatile salts in preparing samples for mass spectrometry.

Ammonium ethanoate is also popular as a buffer for mobile phases for HPLC with ELSD detection for this reason.
Other volatile salts that have been used for this include ammonium formate.

When dissolving Ammonium ethanoate in pure water, the resulting solution typically has a pH of 7, because the equal amounts of acetate and ammonium neutralize each other.
However, Ammonium ethanoate is a dual component buffer system, which buffers around pH 4.75 ± 1 (acetate) and pH 9.25 ± 1 (ammonium), but Ammonium ethanoate has no significant buffer capacity at pH 7, contrary to common misconception.

Other:
Ammonium ethanoate is a biodegradable de-icing agent.
Ammonium ethanoate is a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation and as a source of ammonia in the Borch reaction in organic synthesis.

Ammonium ethanoate is a protein precipitating reagent in dialysis to remove contaminants via diffusion.
Ammonium ethanoate is a reagent in agricultural chemistry for determination of soil CEC (cation exchange capacity) and determination of available potassium in soil wherein the ammonium ion acts as a replacement cation for potassium.
Ammonium ethanoate is part of Calley's method for lead artifact conservation

Food additive:
Ammonium ethanoate is also used as a food additive as an acidity regulator; INS number 264.
Ammonium ethanoate is approved for usage in Australia and New Zealand.[10]

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Ammonium ethanoate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and fertilisers.
Ammonium ethanoate is used in the following areas: health services, scientific research and development, agriculture, forestry and fishing and building & construction work.
Ammonium ethanoate is used for the manufacture of: food products and textile, leather or fur.

Release to the environment of Ammonium ethanoate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Other release to the environment of Ammonium ethanoate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use as processing aid, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).

Uses at industrial sites:
Ammonium ethanoate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, leather treatment products and textile treatment products and dyes.
Ammonium ethanoate is used in the following areas: health services, scientific research and development and building & construction work.

Ammonium ethanoate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur, food products and fabricated metal products.
Release to the environment of Ammonium ethanoate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and in the production of articles.

Industry Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Catalyst
Intermediates
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)
Solids separation (precipitating) agent, not otherwise specified
pH regulating agent

Consumer Uses:
Ammonium ethanoate is used in the following products: perfumes and fragrances and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Ammonium ethanoate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.

Other Consumer Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Other (specify)
Photosensitive chemicals

Applications of Ammonium ethanoate:
Ammonium ethanoate is widely utilized as a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation.
Ammonium ethanoate is the primary source of ammonia in the Borch reaction in organic synthesis.

Ammonium ethanoate is used with distilled water to make a protein precipitating reagent.
Ammonium ethanoate acts as a buffer for electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry of proteins and other molecules and as mobile phases for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Sometimes, Ammonium ethanoate is used as a biodegradable de-icing agent and an acidity regulator in food additives.

Structural Formula of Ammonium ethanoate:
As Ammonium ethanoate salt is constituted of a weak acid and a weak base and is often used with acetic acid to create a buffer solution.
Ammonium ethanoate chemical component is volatile at low pressures because Ammonium ethanoate has been used to replace cell buffers with non-volatile salts in preparing the chemical samples.

Production of Ammonium ethanoate:
Ammonium ethanoate is produced by the neutralization of acetic acid with ammonium carbonate or by saturating glacial acetic acid with ammonia.
Obtaining crystalline Ammonium ethanoate is difficult on account of Ammonium ethanoate hygroscopic nature.

Two methods can be used for obtaining Ammonium ethanoate, and they are:
Through the saturation of glacial acetic acid or CH3COOH with NH3 or ammonia.
Through the neutralization of acetic acid with (NH4)2CO3 or ammonium carbonate.

These are the two basic methods used for obtaining Ammonium ethanoate, though some new methods have also surfaced in recent years.
Ammonium ethanoate functions in the form of an acetamide precursor.

This results in a reaction that follows like this:
NH4CH3CO2 → CH3C (O) NH2 + H2O

General Manufacturing Information of Ammonium ethanoate:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing

Occurrence of Ammonium ethanoate:
In nature, Ammonium ethanoate is not present in a free compound state.
But, ammonium and acetate ions are present in many biochemical processes.

Properties of Ammonium ethanoate:

Physical Properties:
Ammonium ethanoate is a hygroscopic white solid with a slightly acidic odor.
Furthermore, Ammonium ethanoate melting point is 113oC.
Also, Ammonium ethanoate is highly soluble in water and Ammonium ethanoate density in this liquid is 1.17 g/mL-1.

Chemical Properties:
Ammonium ethanoate is a slat of a weak acid (acetic acid) and a weak base (ammonia).
Use this salt with acetic acid to prepare a buffer solution that will regulate Ammonium ethanoate pH.
Nevertheless, Ammonium ethanoate use as a buffering agent is not very extensive because Ammonium ethanoate can be volatile in low pressures.

History of Ammonium ethanoate:
The synonym Spirit of Mindererus is named after R. Minderer, a physician from Augsburg.

Handling and storage of Ammonium ethanoate:

Precautions for safe handling:
Provide adequate ventilation.
When not in use, keep containers tightly closed.

Advice on general occupational hygiene:
Keep away from food, drink and animal feedingstuffs.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store in a dry place.
Keep container tightly closed.
Hygroscopic solid.

Incompatible substances or mixtures:
Observe hints for combined storage.

Protect against external exposure, such as:
humidity

Consideration of other advice:
Specific designs for storage rooms or vessels

Recommended storage temperature: 15–25 °C

Specific end use(s):
No information available.

Stability and Reactivity of Ammonium ethanoate:

Reactivity:
Ammonium ethanoate is not reactive under normal ambient conditions.

Chemical stability:
Moisture-sensitive.
Hygroscopic solid.

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

Violent reaction with:
Strong oxidiser, Hypochlorites, Gold compound.

Conditions to avoid:
Protect from moisture.

Incompatible materials:
There is no additional information.

First Aid Measures of Ammonium ethanoate:

INHALATION:
Remove victim to fresh air; rinse nose and mouth with water.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

INGESTION:
Induce vomiting immediately. Give large amounts of water.

EYES:
Flush with water for at least 15 min.

SKIN:
Flush with soap and water.

General notes:
Take off contaminated clothing.

Following inhalation:
Provide fresh air.
In all cases of doubt, or when symptoms persist, seek medical advice.

Following skin contact:
Rinse skin with water/shower.

Following eye contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
In all cases of doubt, or when symptoms persist, seek medical advice.

Following ingestion:
Rinse mouth.
Call a doctor if you feel unwell.

Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:
Nausea, Vomiting, Spasms, Circulatory collapse.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
none.

Firefighting measures of Ammonium ethanoate:

Suitable extinguishing media:
co-ordinate firefighting measures to the fire surroundings water, foam, alcohol resistant foam, dry extinguishing powder, ABC-powder.

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
water jet

Special hazards arising from Ammonium ethanoate or mixture:
None.

Hazardous combustion products:

In case of fire may be liberated:
Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Advice for firefighters:
In case of fire and/or explosion do not breathe fumes.
Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Accidental Release Measures of Ammonium ethanoate:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

For non-emergency personnel:
No special measures are necessary.

Environmental precautions:
Keep away from drains, surface and ground water.

Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:

Advice on how to contain a spill:
Covering of drains.
Take up mechanically.

Advice on how to clean up a spill:
Take up mechanically.

Other information relating to spills and releases:
Place in appropriate containers for disposal.
Ventilate affected area.

Preventive Measures of Ammonium ethanoate:
The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting.
The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon Ammonium ethanoate, but also on factors including the form of Ammonium ethanoate, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses.
However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye.

In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn.
In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Identifiers of Ammonium ethanoate:
CAS Number: 631-61-8
ChEBI: CHEBI:62947
ChemSpider: 11925
ECHA InfoCard: 100.010.149
EC Number: 211-162-9
PubChem CID: 517165
RTECS number: AF3675000
UNII: RRE756S6Q2
UN number: 3077
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID5023873
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4O2.H3N/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);1H3
Key: USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C2H4O2.H3N/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);1H3
Key: USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYAY
SMILES: O=C([O-])C.[N+H4]

Synonyms: Ammonium ethanoate
Linear Formula: CH3CO2NH4
CAS Number: 631-61-8
Molecular Weight: 77.08
EC Number: 211-162-9

CAS number: 631-61-8
EC number: 211-162-9
Grade: ACS,Reag. Ph Eur
Hill Formula: C₂H₇NO₂
Chemical formula: CH₃COONH₄
Molar Mass: 77.08 g/mol
HS Code: 2915 29 00

Properties of Ammonium ethanoate:
Chemical formula: C2H7NO2
Molar mass: 77.083 g·mol−1
Appearance: White solid crystals, deliquescent
Odor: Slightly acetic acid like
Density: 1.17 g/cm3 (20 °C)
1.073 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Melting point: 113 °C (235 °F; 386 K)
Solubility in water: 102 g/100 mL (0 °C)
148 g/100 mL (4 °C)
143 g/100 mL (20 °C)
533 g/100 mL (80 °C)
Solubility: Soluble in alcohol, SO2, acetone, liquid ammonia
Solubility in methanol: 7.89 g/100 mL (15 °C)
131.24 g/100 g (94.2 °C)
Solubility in dimethylformamide: 0.1 g/100 g
Acidity (pKa): 9.9
Basicity (pKb): 33
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -41.1·10−6 cm3/mol
Viscosity: 21

Density: 1.17 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 114 °C
pH value: 6.7 - 7.3 (50 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 410 kg/m3
Solubility: 1480 g/l

Color: Colorless
Density: 1.170 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Form: Solid
Grade: Reagent Grade
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents, Strong acids
Melting Point/Range: 113 °C
Purity Percentage: 99.99
Purity Details: ≥99.99%
Solubility in Water: 1.480 g/l (20 °C)
pH-Value: 6.7-7.3 (20 °C)
Storage Temperature: Ambient

Molecular Weight: 77.08 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 77.047678466 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 77.047678466 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 41.1Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 5
Complexity: 25.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Ammonium ethanoate:
Assay (acidimetric): ≥ 98.0 %
Insoluble matter: ≤ 0.005 %
pH-value (5 %; water, 25 °C): 6.7 - 7.3
Chloride (Cl): ≤ 0.0005 %
Nitrate (NO₃): ≤ 0.001 %
Sulfate (SO₄): ≤ 0.001 %
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 0.0002 %
Ca (Calcium): ≤ 0.001 %
Fe (Iron): ≤ 0.0002 %
Substances reducing potassium permanganate (as formic acid): ≤ 0.005 %
Residue on ignition (as sulfate): ≤ 0.01 %
Water: ≤ 2.0 %

Appearance of Ammonium ethanoate: complying
Identity (IR): complying
Assay: Min. 97.0 %
pH (5 %, 25 °C): 6.7 - 7.3
Sulfated ash: Max. 0.01 %
Water insoluble matter: Max. 0.005 %
Metal trace analysis (ICP): Max. 100 ppm
Iron (Fe): Max. 5 ppm
Heavy metals (as Pb): Max. 5 ppm
Chloride (Cl): Max. 5 ppm
Nitrate (NO3): Max. 0.001 %
Sulfate (SO4): Max. 0.001 %

Structure of Ammonium ethanoate:
Crystal structure: Orthorhombic

Thermochemistry of Ammonium ethanoate:
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −615 kJ/mol[2]

Related Products of Ammonium ethanoate:
Diphenyltin Dichloride
Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphite
1,​1'-​Diisooctyl Ester 2,​2'-​[(Dioctylstannylene)​bis(thio)​]​bis-acetic Acid (Technical Grade)
Diphenylsilane-D2
4-ethynyl-α,α-diphenyl-Benzenemethanol

Names of Ammonium ethanoate:

Regulatory process names:
Ammonium acetate
Ammonium acetate
ammonium acetate

IUPAC names:
acetic acid ammonium salt
Acetic acid, ammonium salt
Acetic Acid, Ammonium Salt, Ammonium ethanoate
Acetic acid; azane
acetic acid; azane
AMMONIUM ACETATE
Ammonium Acetate
Ammonium acetate
ammonium acetate
Ammonium Acetate
Ammonium acetate
Ammonium ethanoate
azanium acetate
azanium;acetate

Trade names:
AMMONIUM ACETATE
Ammonium Acetate

Other identifiers:
1066-32-6
631-61-8
8013-61-4
856326-79-9
858824-31-4
92206-38-7

Synonyms of Ammonium ethanoate:
AMMONIUM ACETATE
631-61-8
Acetic acid, ammonium salt
Azanium Acetate
acetic acid ammonium salt
ammoniumacetate
azanium;acetate
ammonium ethanoate
AcONH4
Ammonium acetate-D3
CH3COONH4
CH3CO2NH4
UNII-RRE756S6Q2
HSDB 556
RRE756S6Q2
NH4OAc
AMMONIUM ACETICUM
EINECS 211-162-9
AI3-26540
INS No. 264
DTXSID5023873
CHEBI:62947
EC 211-162-9
ammonia acetate
MFCD00013066
E264
E 264
E-264
AMMONIUM ACETATE (II)
AMMONIUM ACETATE [II]
AMMONIUM ACETATE (MART.)
AMMONIUM ACETATE [MART.]
amoniumacetate
ammonium-acetate
acetic acid amine
ammonium acetate-
ammonia acetate salt
Ammonium Acetate ACS
AAT (CHRIS Code)
AMMONIUM ACETATE [MI]
Ammonium acetate solution, 5M
C2H4O2.H3N
DTXCID203873
AMMONIUM ACETATE [HSDB]
AMMONIUM ACETATE [INCI]
AMMONIUM ACETICUM [HPUS]
AMMONIUM ACETATE [WHO-DD]
USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Acetic acid ammonium salt (1:1)
Ammonium acetate, biochemical grade
C2-H4-O2.H3-N
Acetic acid, ammonium salt (1:1)
NA9079
AKOS015904610
FT-0622306
EN300-31599
211-162-9 [EINECS]
631-61-8 [RN]
Acétate d'ammonium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Acetic acid, ammonium salt [ACD/Index Name]
Ammonium acetate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
ammonium ethanoate
Ammoniumacetat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
MFCD00013066 [MDL number]
NH4OAc [Formula]
211-162-9MFCD00013066
acetic acid amine
acetic acid ammoniate
AcONH4
ammonia acetate
Ammonium acetatemissing
ammoniumacetate
azanium acetate
azanium and acetate
azanium ethanoate
buffers
E 264
E264
E-264
INS No. 264
OmniPur Ammonium Acetate - CAS 631-61-8 - Calbiochem
OmniPur(R) Ammonium Acetate

AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE; Ammonium molybdate; Ammonium heptamolybdate; Ammonium molybdate (VI); Ammonium paramolybdate; Hexammonium heptamolybdat; Hexammonium tetracosaoxoheptamolybdate; Molybdic acid hexaammonium salt; AMMONIUM HEPTAMOLYBDATE; AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE; AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE (PARA); AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE REAGENT 1; AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE REAGENT I; AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE REAGENT II; AMMONIUM PARAMOLYBDATE; AMMONIUM-P-MOLYBDATE; HEXAAMMONIUM MOLYBDATE; MOLYBDIC ACID AMMONIUM SALT; NPW-150 AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE MIXTURE; PHOSPHATE MONITOR FIRST REAGENT; PHOSPHATE MONITOR REDUCTION REAGENT; PHOSPHATE MONITOR REDUCTION SOLUTION; PHOSPHATE MONITOR SECOND REAGENT; Ammoinumheptamolybdate; ammoniumheptamolybdate((nh4)6mo7o24); ammoniummolybdate((nh4)6(mo7o24)); ammoniummolybdate(ii)((nh4)6mo7o24); ammoniummolybdate(vi) CAS NO:12027-67-7 (anhydrous), 12054-85-2 (heptahydrate) AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE; Ammonium molybdate; Ammonium heptamolybdate; Ammonium molybdate (VI); Ammonium paramolybdate; Hexammonium heptamolybdat; Hexammonium tetracosaoxoheptamolybdate; Molybdic acid hexaammonium salt; AMMONIUM HEPTAMOLYBDATE; AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE; AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE (PARA); AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE REAGENT 1; AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE REAGENT I; AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE REAGENT II; AMMONIUM PARAMOLYBDATE; AMMONIUM-P-MOLYBDATE; HEXAAMMONIUM MOLYBDATE; MOLYBDIC ACID AMMONIUM SALT; NPW-150 AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE MIXTURE; PHOSPHATE MONITOR FIRST REAGENT; PHOSPHATE MONITOR REDUCTION REAGENT; PHOSPHATE MONITOR REDUCTION SOLUTION; PHOSPHATE MONITOR SECOND REAGENT; Ammoinumheptamolybdate; ammoniumheptamolybdate((nh4)6mo7o24); ammoniummolybdate((nh4)6(mo7o24)); ammoniummolybdate(ii)((nh4)6mo7o24); ammoniummolybdate(vi) CAS NO:12027-67-7 (anhydrous), 12054-85-2 (heptahydrate)

AMMONIUM LACTATE, N° CAS : 515-98-0, E328, Nom INCI : AMMONIUM LACTATE, Nom chimique : Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ammonium salt, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 208-214-8; Compatible Bio, Ses fonctions (INCI): Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques, Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau Kératolytique : Décolle et élimine les cellules mortes de la couche cornée de l'apiderme. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Amlactin; Ammonium lactate; Kerasal AL; Lac-Hydrin; Laclotion; Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ammonium salt; Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monoammonium salt. Ammonium lactate; Molecular FormulaC3H9NO3; Average mass107.108 Da; 208-214-8 [EINECS]; 2-Hydroxypropanoate d'ammonium [French] ; 515-98-0 [RN], Ammonium 2-hydroxypropanoate ; Ammonium lactate [USAN] ; Ammonium-2-hydroxypropanoat [German] ; E328; MFCD00036411; Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ammonium salt ; [515-98-0]; 2501-35-1 [RN]; 2-HYDROXYPROPANOIC ACID AMINE; 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid monoammonium salt; 2-Hydroxypropanoicacidmonoammoniumsalt; Amlactin; ammonia lactate; Ammonium (±)-lactate; Ammonium (±)-lactate; Lactic acid ammonium salt; Ammonium L-lactate; Ammonium L-lactate solution; ammoniumlactate; azanium;2-hydroxypropanoate; BMS-186091; DL-LACTIC ACID, AMMONIUM SALT; LacHydrin; Lac-Hydrin [] laclotion; lactato de amônio [Portuguese]; Lactic acid ammonium salt; Pharmakon; Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monoammonium salt

AMMONIUM LAURETH SULFATE, N° CAS : 32612-48-9 / 67762-19-0, Nom INCI : AMMONIUM LAURETH SULFATE, Classification : Sulfate, Composé éthoxylé Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre, Agent moussant : Capture des petites bulles d'air ou d'autres gaz dans un petit volume de liquide en modifiant la tension superficielle du liquide. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. 2-(Dodecyloxy)ethyl hydrogen sulfate; 2-(Dodecyloxy)ethylhydrogensulfat [German] ; Ethanol, 2-(dodecyloxy)-, hydrogen sulfate ; Hydrogénosulfate de 2-(dodécyloxy)éthyle [French] ; (Oxyethylene)lauryl sulfate; 2-(DODECYLOXY)ETHOXYSULFONIC ACID; 2-Dodecyloxyethyl hydrogen sulfate; C12-AE1S (TENTATIVE); Dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated, monoether with sulfuric acid; Dodecyl polyoxyethylene sulfuric acid; Ammonium Laureth Sulfate. Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-sulfo-ω-(dodecyloxy)-, ammonium salt; alpha-Sulfo-omega-(dodecyloxy)-poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), Ammonium salt; Ammonium Laureth Sulfate; Ammonium Laureth Sulfate (INCI); Ammonium Laureth Sulfate ethoxylated 3EO; Ammonium lauryl; ammonium lauryl ether sulfate; Ammonium lauryl ether sulfate 3EO; azane; 2-dodecoxyethyl hydrogen sulfate; C12-C14 fatty alcohol(3EO)ether sulphate, NH4-salt; dodecanol, ethoxylated (3EO), monoether with sulphuric acid; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-sulfo-.omega.-(dodecyloxy)-, ammonium salt (1:1); Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-sulpho-.omega.-(dodecyloxy)-, ammonium salt (3 EO); Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),.alfa.-sulfo-.omega.-(dodecyloxy)-, ammonium salt. Noms français : Sulfate de laureth-5 et d'ammonium Époxysulfate de lauryle et d'ammonium Noms anglais : AMMONIUM (LAURYLOXYPOLYETHOXY)ETHYL SULFATE Ammonium laureth sulfate AMMONIUM LAURETH-12 SULFATE AMMONIUM LAURETH-5 SULFATE AMMONIUM LAURYL POLYETHOXY ETHER SULFATE AMMONIUM POLYOXYETHYLENE (5) LAURYL ETHER SULFATE AMMONIUM-7 SULFATE DODECYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED AND SULFATED, AMMONIUM SALT LAURETH-5 SULFATE D'AMMONIUM POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-SULFO-.OMEGA.-(DODECYLOXY)-, AMMONIUM SALT POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONODODECYL ETHER HYDROGEN SULFATE AMMONIUM SALT Utilisation et sources d'émission Fabrication de shampooing et agent nettoyant

AMMONIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE, N° CAS : 68003-46-3, Nom INCI : AMMONIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE, Nom chimique : Ammonium N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)glycinate; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 268-130-2. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre. Agent moussant : Capture des petites bulles d'air ou d'autres gaz dans un petit volume de liquide en modifiant la tension superficielle du liquide. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Ammonium [dodecanoyl(methyl)amino]acetate Ammonium lauroyl sarcosinate Glycine, N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)-, ammonium salt N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinammoniat (1:1) [German] N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycine ammoniate (1:1) N-Dodecanoyl-N-méthylglycine, ammoniate (1:1) [French] 97-78-9 [RN] ammonium 2-(dodecanoyl-methyl-amino)acetate ammonium 2-(lauroyl-methyl-amino)acetate ammonium 2-(methyl-(1-oxododecyl)amino)acetate AMMONIUM 2-(N-METHYLDODECANAMIDO)ACETATE Ammonium N-lauroyl sarcosinate ammonium N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)glycinate azanium 2-(dodecanoyl-methylamino)acetate azanium 2-(dodecanoyl-methyl-amino)ethanoate Lauroyl sarcosine, ammonium salt N-Methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)glycine, ammonium salt; Ammonium N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)glycinate; ammonium 2-(N-methyldodecanamido)acetate; ammonium [dodecanoyl(methyl)amino]acetate; Ammonium lauroyl sarcosinate; ammonium [dodecanoyl(methyl)amino]acetat

ammonıum lauryl ether sulfate; Ammonium Diethylene glycol Lauryl Ether Sulfate; Ammonium Laureth Sulfate; Alpha-sulfo-omega-(Dodecyloxy)-Poly(Oxy- 1,2- ethanediyl) Ammonium Salt; cas no: 32612-48-9

Ammonium Diethylene glycol Lauryl Ether Sulfate; Ammonium Laureth Sulfate; Alpha-sulfo-omega-(Dodecyloxy)-Poly(Oxy- 1,2- ethanediyl) Ammonium Salt; POE(1);AMMONIUMLAURETHSULPHATE;AMMONIUM LAURETH SULFATE;AMMONIUM LAURETH-9 SULFATE;AMMONIUM LAURETH-7 SULFATE;AMMONIUM LAURETH-5 SULFATE;AMMONIUM LAURETH-12 SULFATE;AMMONIUMLAURYLETHERSULPHATE;ammonia lauryl ether sulfate;Sodiumlaurylmonoethersulfate CAS NO:32612-48-9

SYNONYMS Ammonium dodecyl sulfate;Sulfuric acid, monododecyl ester, ammonium salt; Dodecyl ester of sulfuric acid, ammonium salt; Dodecyl sulfate ammonium salt; Ammoniumdodecylsulfat (German); Sulfato de amonio y dodecilo (Spanish); Sulfate d'ammonium et de dodécyle (French); CAS NO:2235-54-3

Nom INCI : AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE, Nom chimique : Ammonium dodecyl sulphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 218-793-9, Nom UICPA: Ammonium dodecyl sulfate, Synonymes : Sulfuric acid, monododecyl ester, ammonium salt, Ammonium dodecyl sulfate, Ammonium n-dodecyl sulfate, Lauryl ammonium sulfate, No CAS 2235-54-3. Le laurylsulfate d'ammonium ou ALS est un tensioactif anionique. Il est donc très utilisé dans les gels douches et shampoings. Il semblerait qu'il soit un peu moins irritant que son faux frère le SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate). Il est autorisé en bio. Le laurylsulfate d'ammonium ou sulfate de lauryle ammonium (SLA), en anglais ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS), est une dénomination générique désignant une famille de molécules (les alkylsulfates ou sulfates alkylés], de formule semi-développée CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3NH4, appartenant à 3 classes d'organosulfates structurellement proches d'autres agents de surface anioniques. Ammonium dodecyl sulfate (« dodécyl » signifie que la molécule comporte une chaîne de 12 atomes de carbone, qui constitue son squelette) ; en français, dodécylsulfate d'ammonium ; Additif alimentaire E487. Cependant, il ne faut pas les confondre avec : le laurylsulfate de sodium ou SLS, à base d'hydroxyde de sodium, qui est beaucoup plus irritant que le SLA ; les laureth sulfates ou lauryl éther sulfates, dont le laureth sulfate de sodium ou LES et le laureth sulfate d'ammonium (une famille de molécules proches) ; le sulfate d'ammonium (engrais). Ammonium dodecyl sulphate; Ammonium laurylsulphate; ammonium dodecyl sulfate; Ammonium lauryl sulfate; Azanium dodecyl sulfate; azanium;dodecyl sulfateFonctions et usages: À des doses variées, les SLA ont de très nombreux usages, par exemple : comme dénaturant (par son goût, il évite que les enfants avalent le shampoing ou dentifrice) ; comme tensioactif utilisé pour le dégraissage et le traitement de métaux ; comme agent de préparation - en analyse médicale ou vétérinaire - de certains échantillons de sang pour y dénombrer les globules rouges, avant séparation par électrophorèse ; comme agent surfactant et dispersant - en chimie analytique, en alternative au dodécylsulfate de sodium - pour, par exemple, estimer le poids moléculaire des protéines, la préparation d'un échantillon pour mesurer sa teneur en fibres alimentaires, pour caractériser des composés d'ammonium quaternaire ; comme agent facilitant la galvanoplastie (dépôt de nickel et zinc) ; comme émulsifiant utilisé pour faciliter certaines réactions de polymérisation ; comme agent mouillant ou dispersant dans certaines préparations médicales ; comme détergent-dégraissant dans de nombreux produits industriels ; comme agent modifiant la viscosité ou microviscosité de certaines solutions ; comme agent facilitant la miscibilité de fluorocarbones (ignifugeant) dans des hydrocarbures en phase liquide ; comme inhibiteur de corrosion dans l'électronique (microélectronique et semi-conducteurs), comme alternative moins nuisible pour l'environnement que le benzotriazole ; Comme agent antistatique pour des tissus hydrophobes ; comme additif alimentaire (E487) en tant que tensioactif et agent dispersant, favorisant par exemple le fouettage de certains aliments (œuf reconstitué à partir d'œuf en poudre) ; comme agent moussant, mouillant, agent dispersant et détergent dans de nombreux produits de soins corporels, dont gels-douche, shampooings, crèmes hydratantes, crèmes à raser, dentifrices etc. y compris dans certaines gammes dites "bio" On le trouve principalement dans les formules de bases lavantes et d'agent moussant détergent pour le corps et les cheveux, et secondairement comme émulsifiant et solubilisant dans certaines crèmes de douche et shampooings dits "hydratants" (contenant une phase grasse limitant la perte d'eau par la peau) ; comme émulsifiant, surfactant (agent mouillant) et adjuvant de certains pesticides (insecticides...) comme émulsifiant et pénétrant (dans les vernis et dissolvants à peinture) ; comme agent anti-mousse en propergols solides ;

Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is an anionic surfactant.
Ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) is the common name for ammonium dodecyl sulfate (CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3NH4).
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is a yellow viscous liquid.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is an ammonium salt of lauryl sulfate.


CAS Number: 2235-54-3
EC Number: 218-793-9
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)11OSO3NH4
Chemical formula: C12H29NO4S


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is an organic compound that belongs to the family of alkyl sulfates.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is a clear, colorless or pale yellow liquid that is commonly used as a foaming agent and surfactant in many personal care and cleaning products.


Although Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is similar to sodium lauryl sulfate, it has a different molecular structure.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate doesn’t penetrate the skin as easily, so it is considered less irritating.
You may want to know more and understand these chemicals so that you can decide which one is best for your hair.


The primary goal of Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is to clean your hair.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate’s a sulfate that allows your shampoo to lather.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate attracts both water and oil, meaning it’s able to lift dirt, oils, and more from your hair and allowing it to be easily rinsed away.


When you use shampoo that is formulated with this ingredient, you will finish your shower with your hair feeling soft and clean.
Ammonium lauryl sulfate is a surfactant, which means that it disrupts the surface tension of substances.
In this case, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate releases dirt, pollution, product buildup, oils, dead skin cells, and more from your hair to leave it clean.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is also an inexpensive ingredient for manufacturers to use, which means that you pay less for shampoo.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate has been found safe for people to use, unless you have an allergy or skin sensitivity.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is anionic surfactant that offers rich and fine foam as well as biodegradability.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate improves the combability and smoothness of the hair.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate's mild cleansing performance imparts smoothness to skin.
When Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is combined with ALES, the effect will be enhanced.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is not applicable in alkaline system.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is a 100% natural alternative to SLES.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate has excellent detergent and foaming properties, while remaining totally biodegradable.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is a fairly aggressive agent but normally well tolerated when mitigated with other softening co-surfactant.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate generates a rich and creamy foam.
This is a 28% aqueous solution.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is derived from lauryl alcohol, which is obtained from coconut oil or palm kernel oil, and sulfuric acid.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is a strong surfactant, which means that it is able to penetrate and break down the surface tension of oils and other substances, allowing them to be more easily washed away.


Despite its potential for irritation, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is generally considered to be safe for use in personal care products when used according to recommended guidelines and in appropriate concentrations.
The chemical formula for Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is C12H29NO4S, which represents the molecular formula of the compound.


Instead, hand sanitizers typically contain alcohol or other antimicrobial agents that kill bacteria and viruses without the need for a foaming agent.
When used in appropriate concentrations and according to recommended guidelines, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is generally considered to be safe for use in personal care products.


The molecule consists of a long nonpolar hydrocarbon chain and a polar sulfate end group, the combination of which make the material a surfactant.
These two components allow the compound to dissolve among both polar and non-polar molecules.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is classified as an alkyl sulfate and is an anionic surfactant found primarily in shampoos and body-wash as a foaming agent.


Lauryl sulfates are very high-foam surfactants that disrupt the surface tension of water in part by forming micelles around the highly polar water molecules at the surface-air interface.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is an Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate derived from fatty alcohol.


Ammonium lauryl sulfate appears as light yellow liquid.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate may float or sink and mix with water.
While related, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is not the same as ammonium laureth sulphate (ALES) which works in a similar manner but has additional ‘ether’ groups in the fatty end of the molecule.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate, also known as ALS is a commonly used fat based molecule.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is usually made from coconut or palm kernel oil.
The fat molecules in the oil are broken down and then reacted to produce something called a ‘surfactant’ – a compound that is often used in detergents, emulsifiers (stabiliser), foaming agent and dispersant.


This makes Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate possible to design particle size including acrylic, styrene-acrylic or VaE dispersions.
Also, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is an indirect food additive based on lists published by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is the common name for ammonium dodecyl sulfate (CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3NH4).


The anion consists of a nonpolar hydrocarbon chain and a polar sulfate end group.
The combination of nonpolar and polar groups confers surfactant properties to the anion: Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate facilitates dissolution of both polar and non-polar materials.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is classified as a sulfate ester.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is primarily used in shampoos and body-wash as a foaming agent.
Lauryl sulfates are very high-foam surfactants that disrupt the surface tension of water in part by forming micelles at the surface-air interface.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is the common name for ammonium dodecyl sulfate (CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3NH4).
The dodecyl signifies the presence of a 12-member carbon chain in the molecular backbone which allows the molecule to bond with non-polar portions of molecules while the highly polar sulfate head allows the molecule to bond with polar molecules such as water.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is a common surfactant found in many cosmetics and personal care products.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is typically produced by reacting lauryl alcohol with sulfur trioxide gas to form lauryl sulfate, which is then neutralized with ammonium hydroxide to create Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate.


This process results in a versatile surfactant widely used in cosmetics for its excellent cleansing and foaming properties.
Lauryl sulfates are very high-foam surfactants that disrupt the surface tension of water by forming micelles around the polar water molecules.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is a pretty common cleansing agent that can be derived from coconut or palm kernel oil.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate's liked for its great foaming abilities and can help to create a creamy and luxurious lather in bath products.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is chemically closely related to known-for-its -harshness SLS, but the Ammonium part makes it milder.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate yields high foam and excellent viscosity response, with good detergency and mildness.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate exhibits a good synergism with Betaines and offers many formulating possibilities.
Buffering in the pH range of 4 to 7 is recommended.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is classified as an alkyl sulfate and is an anionic surfactant found primarily in shampoos and body-wash as a foaming agent.



USES and APPLICATIONS of AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is used Shampoos, bubble baths, shower gels, feminine washes and no rinse products.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is also biodegradable and does not accumulate in the environment, making it a more sustainable choice for cleaning and personal care applications.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is commonly used in shampoos, body washes, and other personal care products to create a lathering effect and to help remove dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin and hair.
Typical use level of Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is 1-20%.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate can add to water phase of formulas.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is used for external use only.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is used High grade shampoo, bubble bath, baby shampoo, hand washing, and other foaming washing products.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is used as a foaming agent in toothpaste, foaming and washing ingredients in shampoos, shampoos, foam baths, and household detergents and industrial cleaning products such as carpets and fine fabrics.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is also used in cosmetics, textiles, metal processing, In printing and dyeing industries.


The combination of Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate and ammonium laureth sulfate products can produce excellent synergistic effects, such as dense and rich foam, extremely mild feeling, and excellent thickening performance.
Properties of Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate: Gel-like paste, slight characteristic odor


Performance of Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate: soluble in water, with wetting, decontamination, foaming, dispersibility, low degreasing power and emulsifying properties, low irritation, no damage, and easy biodegradation.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is used fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate can be used in a variety of detergent and personal care formulations.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate can be used in systems that require an excellent viscosity response and are sensitive to the presence of hydrotrope.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is an excellent choice for gel products.


In addition, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate will generate generous foam and is compatible with Alkanolamides and amphoterics.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is a surfactant with emulsifying capabilities. given its detergent properties, at mild acidic pH levels it can be used as an anionic surfactant cleanser.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is considered one of the most irritating surfactants, causing dryness and skin redness.
Today, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is either combined with anti-irritant ingredients to reduce sensitivity or replaced with a less irritating but similar surfactant, such as ammonium laureth sulfate.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is often used in place of irritating detergents such as SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulphate).
But Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate can also irritate the skin and mucous membranes, so it is most often used in combination with other substances that counterbalance their effects.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is often found in hygiene products like cleansers, shampoos and soaps and is popular due to it wide variety of uses and its relatively cheap cost.
In both shampoos and toothpaste, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate can be responsible for the foaming and lather produced during use as it forms a thin film that traps air into bubbles.


Sodium lauryl sulfate and Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate are widely used surfactant in shampoos, bath products, hair colorings, facial makeup, deodorants, perfumes, and shaving preparations; however, they can also be found in other product formulations.
Because Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is much less irritating compared to a popular surfactant, Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS), it is a good substitute for this ingredient, for example in dishwashing detergents and other household detergents.


As a washing component, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is also included in detergents for industrial applications such as motor vehicle cleaning and maintenance.
In the construction industry, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is used in weight-reducing agents and air-entraining/plasticizing additives for gypsum boards.
In the chemical industry, especially in emulsion polymerization processes, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate provides excellent stabilization of the polymer dispersion at lower pH ranges.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is considered safe for cosmetic use when used in appropriate concentrations.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is an ideal surfactant for use in acidic shampoos and other personal care formulations such as hand soaps and bath products.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate can also be used in many detergent applications.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate has an excellent viscosity response when formulated correctly with alkanolamides and amphoterics, and it generates large quantities of foam.
Since it is a high foaming product, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate can be used in rug and upholstery shampoos.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate will give off an ammonia odor when the pH is alkaline.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate plays a crucial role in these formulations by reducing the surface tension between different substances, allowing them to mix effectively.


The chemical formula of Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is C12HNO4S, and it is derived from lauryl alcohol, making it plant-derived in some cases.
This versatile ingredient helps create luxurious lather, enhancing the cleansing and foaming properties of shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers, providing a pleasant and refreshing experience.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate finds extensive use in various cosmetic products, particularly in shampoos and hair care items.
Its exceptional surfactant properties allow it to effectively remove dirt, excess oil, and impurities from the hair and scalp, leaving a clean and refreshed feeling.


Moreover, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate creates a rich lather, enhancing the overall shampooing experience.
This ingredient's versatility extends beyond hair care, as it can also be found in certain skin care products, where it aids in creating cleansing and foaming properties.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulphate is often used as a primary (main) surfactant in high foaming, cost effective bubble baths, cleansers and shampoos.
Being highly effective Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is also used in household cleaning solutions where grease and dirt removal is paramount.
Formulating tips: Like most surfactants this is heat tolerant.


This can be blended with non-ionic or amphoteric surfactants for improved performance and mildness on the skin and hair.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is a milder alternative to Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and can be thickened with salt.
Ammonium lauryl sulfate or ALS is an anionic surfactant.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is therefore widely used in shower gels and shampoos.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate seems to be a little less irritating than its fake brother SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate).
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is authorized in organic.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate can be derived from coconut and is used primarily as a detergent cleansing agent.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is considered to be gentle and effective.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is an anionic surfactant.


This means Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate lowers the surface tension of water, making the water spread more easily.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is added to products as a foaming agent and as a detergent.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate must be used in a low-pH shampoo or shower gel since high-pH systems smell of ammonia.


Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is typically used at 20-35%.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is designed for low-pH shampoos, bath products, and cleansers requiring dense, rich foam, low color, and low odor.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is used high foaming agent for shampoos and defoaming agent, for synthetic rubbers, and for emulsifier of emulsion polymerization.


-Cosmetic Uses of Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate:
*cleansing agents
*foaming agents
*surfactants



WHAT DOES AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Foaming
*Surfactant



APPLICATIONS OF AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate has a chemical structure as it is classified as a member of a large group of compounds called surfactants.
Surfactant particles surround the dirt, allowing its particles to separate from the cleaned surface and then rinsed with water.
In addition, the good foaming properties of this compound increase the cleansing effect and the feeling of freshness after application (Ammonium Lauryl
Sulphate deeply cleanses and degreases the skin and hair surface ).
The cleaning properties of Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate are directly related to its ability to produce large amounts of stable foam.
Its ability to produce dense and stable foam allows to obtain fine and evenly dispersed air bubbles .

Foam is a system in which air (or other gas) is dispersed in a liquid. Pure liquids do not have foaming properties, but foam formation is observed after the addition of surfactants in such systems.
The foaming capacity of Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is highly dependent on its concentration, the pH of the solution, and the hardness of the water.
More importantly, the good cleansing and foaming properties of this compound are maintained even in the presence of excessive sebum.



FUNCTIONS OF AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
*Cleaning agent:
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate helps keep a surface clean
*Foaming agent:
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate captures small bubbles of air or other gases in a small volume of liquid by changing the surface tension of the liquid
*Surfactant:
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product during use



WHY IS AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE USED IN COSMETIC AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS?
Sodium lauryl sulfate and ammonium lauryl sulfate are surfactant that help with the mixing of oil and water.
As such, they can clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away or suspend poorly soluble ingredients in water.

Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is another surfactant found in most cosmetic products.
Due to its very good cleansing and foaming properties, as well as a milder effect on the skin and hair (compared to SLS), Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is often chosen for the manufacture of shampoos, shower gels, shaving foams and many other products.



PROPERTIES OF AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is another compound from a large group of surfactants that plays an important role primarily in the cosmetic industry.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate (this is the INCI name of the substance) is an anionic compound belonging to the group of alkyl sulfates.
The chemical name of this surfactant is ammonium lauryl sulfate.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate's CAS number is 90583-11-2 .
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is sensitive to hard water.



HOW DOES AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE WORK?
The key part of this molecule is the ‘lauryl sulphate’ section.
The lauryl sulphate part has one fatty end and one charged end which lets it work as an adapter between oil and water which would otherwise repel each other and refuse to mix.
In the same way that washing up liquid can help water wash grease off a frying pan, detergents in cleansers and soaps can remove make up and oily debris on the face by grabbing it with their fatty end and then getting pulled away by water grabbing their charged end.



WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE AND AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
The main difference between sodium lauryl sulfate and ammonium lauryl sulfate is that sodium lauryl sulfate is less soluble in water, while ammonium lauryl sulfate is more soluble in water.
Sodium lauryl sulfate and ammonium lauryl sulfate are two types of surfactants.

Surfactants are organic compounds that have the ability to lower the surface tension between two different compounds.
They are amphiphilic molecules with a hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head.
The hydrophobic part repels water, while the hydrophilic part attracts water.
The hydrophobic part can either be a fluorocarbon, siloxane, or hydrocarbon, whereas the hydrophilic head is electrically charged positively, negatively, or neutrally.

According to the type of charge in the hydrophobic head, there are four types of surfactants: anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants.
Both sodium lauryl sulfate and ammonium lauryl sulfate fall under the category of anionic surfactants.



HOW TO USE AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
Mix our ammonium lauryl ether sulphate with water in the recommended concentration and stir until a homogeneous mixture is created.
dd other surfactants and enhancing ingredients like essential oils, depending on your product and need, and mix properly.
Add this mixture to the warm base of the product and stir until the desired thickness and texture are obtained.



BENEFITS AND APPLICATIONS OF AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is extremely effective while being delicate and pleasant to the skin.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is a fantastic cleanser and foam booster that will improve the efficacy and texture of your DIY product.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate will give your formulation a rich and creamy texture, as well as thick and fluffy bubbles.

Because Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is natural and organic, it is ideal for people with pH-sensitive skin.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is a fantastic substitute for sulphate products, allowing your formulation to be sulphate-free.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is also effective with hard water.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate may be added to solid or cream goods without boiling the solution.



HOW AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE WORKS:
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate works by removing the dirt and impurities mixed with oils in your skin and hair.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate works by allowing the mixing of these oils with water, which can now be easily rinsed away, hence cleansing the desired area.



CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is recommended that it should be used at a concentration of 30% for best results.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is soluble in water and alcohols but insoluble in volatile oils.



WHAT IS AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE IN SHAMPOO?
Ammonium lauryl sulfate is a surfactant (aka a cleansing agent) in shampoo.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate helps your shampoo foam and lather, and it lifts dirt and oils from your hair so the water can rinse it all away.



HOW IS AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE USED IN HAND SOAP OR SANITIZER?
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is commonly used in hand soaps as a foaming agent and surfactant.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate helps to create a rich lather that effectively removes dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin.



ACTION IN SOLUTION OF AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate, like any other surfactant, makes a good base for cleansers because of the way it disrupts the hydrogen bonding in water.
Hydrogen bonding is the primary contributor to the high surface tension of water.
In solution, the lauryl sulfate anions and the ammonium cations separate.

The former align themselves into what is known as a micelle, in which the ions form a sphere, with the polar heads (the sulfate) on the surface of the sphere and the nonpolar hydrophobic tails pointing inwards towards the center.
The water molecules around the micelle arrange themselves around the polar heads, but this disrupts their hydrogen bonding with the water surrounding them.
The overall effect of having these micelles in an aqueous (water) environment is that the water becomes more able to penetrate things like cloth fibers or hair, and also becomes more readily available to solvate anything coming off the aforementioned substance.



INDICATIONS OF AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
Its versatility and performance make Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate the main primary surfactant for most eco-friendly detergents, especially in natural cosmetics.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate should be mitigated by gentler, softening co-surfactants.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate delivers a high performance even in small doses.
Protect from low temperatures (must be conserved at temperatures of more than 10 degrees), Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate doesn’t perform well in hard water and should not be used in pH formulations higher than 7.5.



AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE vs. SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
Ammonium lauryl sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate are both sulfates that allow shampoo to foam and lather.
They both lift dirt and oils from your hair and scalp so that you feel clean after you finish using them.
Ammonium lauryl sulfate is different because it’s a more complex molecule that’s larger and has a heavier molecular mass.
This makes it more difficult for the Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate molecules to penetrate the outer layers of skin.
As a result, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate causes less irritation than sodium lauryl sulfate.



BENEFITS OF AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE IN SHAMPOO:
The main benefit of using a shampoo with ammonium lauryl sulfate is that it allows you to lather the shampoo to lift dirt and oils from your hair.
The sebum that is made naturally by your scalp binds with pollutants, dirt, dead skin cells, product residue, and more, and this ingredient is what allows the shampoo to lift these items out of your hair and leave your hair clean.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is milder than sodium lauryl sulfate, and it is a larger molecule.
This means that Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate has trouble entering your skin.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is less irritating than other sulfates, but you still finish your shower feeling clean.



ACTION IN SOLUTION OF AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
Above the critical micelle concentration, the anions organize into a micelle, in which they form a sphere with the polar, hydrophilic heads of the sulfate portion on the outside (surface) of the sphere and the nonpolar, hydrophobic tails pointing inwards towards the center.
The water molecules around the micelle in turn arrange themselves around the polar heads, which disrupts their ability to hydrogen bond with other nearby water molecules.

The overall effect of these micelles is a reduction in surface tension of the solution, which affords a greater ability to penetrate or "wet out" various surfaces, including porous structures like cloth, fibers, and hair.
Accordingly, this structured solution allows the solution to more readily dissolve soils, greases, etc. in and on such substrates.
Lauryl sulfates however exhibit poor soil suspending capacity.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: > 110 °C
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 6,8
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility at 20 °C soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,02 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Chemical formula: C12H29NO4S
Molar mass: 283.43 g/mol
Appearance: yellowish viscous liquid
Density: 1.02 g/cm3
Boiling point: 418 °C (784 °F; 691 K)

Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 417.00 to 418.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.000000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 404.00 °F. TCC ( 206.60 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 5.395 (est)
Soluble in: water, 163.7 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Molecular Weight：283.43
Exact Mass: 283.181732
EC Number： 218-793-9
UNII： Q7AO2R1M0B
DSSTox ID： DTXSID2027462
Color/Form： Clear liquid
HScode： 2923900090

Appearance: clear, viscous liquid,
color: colorless to light yellow,
molar mass: approx. 294 g/mol,
density: approx. 1.0 g/ml,
PSA： 75.8
XLogP3： 5.13140
Appearance： Ammonium lauryl sulfate appears as light yellow liquid.
May float or sink and mix with water.
Density： 0.994720 g/cm3 @ Temp: 35 °C
Boiling Point： 417.9ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point： 110 °C
Refractive Index： n20/D 1.37
Storage Conditions： Keep in a cool, dry, dark location in a tightly sealed container or cylinder.
Air and Water Reactions： Water soluble.

Molecular Weight:283.43
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:4
Rotatable Bond Count:11
Exact Mass:283.18172958
Monoisotopic Mass:283.18172958
Topological Polar Surface Area:75.8
Heavy Atom Count:18
Complexity:230
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:2
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes
CAS Number: 2235-54-3
Chemical formula: C12H29NO4S
Molar mass: 283.43 g/mol
Appearance: yellowish viscous liquid
Density: 1.02 g/cm3
Boiling point: 418 °C (784 °F; 691 K)



FIRST AID MEASURES of AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: 15 - 25 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Monododecyl ester ammonium salt
Ammonium dodecyl sulfate
Ammonium lauryl sulfate
Ammonium dodecyl sulfate
Dodecyl sulfate ammonium salt
Ammonium dodecyl sulfate
monododecyl ester, ammonium salt
Ammonium dodecyl sulfate
Ammonium dodecyl sulphate
Ammonium dodecyl sulfate, Monododecyl ester, Ammonium salt
Sulfuric acid,monododecyl ester,ammonium salt (1:1)
Sulfuric acid,monododecyl ester,ammonium salt
Ammonium dodecyl sulfate
Ammonium lauryl sulfate
Dodecyl ammonium sulfate
Lauryl sulfate ammonium salt
Presulin
Sinopon
Neopon Lam
Lauryl ammonium sulfate
Maprofix NH
Akyposal ALS 33
Montopol LA 20
Ammonium n-dodecyl sulfate
Conco Sulfate A
Richonol AM
Siprol L 22
Texapon A 400
Texapon Special
Sterling AM
Sipon LA 30
Sipon L 22
Emersol 6430
Avirol 200
Emal AD
Emal A
Texapon ALS
Emal AD 25
Standapol A
Cycloryl MA
Stepanol AM
Maprofix MH
Standapol ALS
Emal AD 25R
Stepanol AM-V
Cedepon LA 30LV
Rhodapon L 22
Polystep B 7
Empicol AL 30
Serdet DFN 30
Texapon A
Rhodapon L 22C
K 12A
Empicol AL 70A2
Texapon ALS-IS
Latemul AD 25
Sulfochem ALS
Texapon ALS Benz
Sulfochem ALS-K
Texapon ALS 70
Stepanol ALS 2
Starfroth HG 3
K 12A25
Texapon ALSIS T
Stepanol AM 30KE
Steponol AM 30-KE
AD 25
Sulfetal LA-B-E
142-32-5
244066-72-6
1370724-70-1

Synonyms. Ammonium molybdate; Ammonium heptamolybdate; Ammonium molybdate (VI); Ammonium paramolybdate; Hexammonium heptamolybdat; Hexammonium tetracosaoxoheptamolybdate; Molybdic acid hexaammonium salt; cas :12027-67-7 (anhydrous), 12054-85-2 (heptahydrate)

; AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE, N° CAS : 12054-85-2. o CAS 12027-67-7 (anhydre); 12054-85-2 (tétrahydrate). Noms français : ACIDE HEPTAMOLYBDIQUE (H6Mo7O28), SEL HEXAAMMONIACALE TETRAHYDRATE; ACIDE MOLYBDIQUE (H6Mo7O28), SEL HEXAAMMONIACALE TETRAHYDRATE; HEPTAMOLYBDATE D'AMMONIUM TETRAHYDRATE; Heptamolybdate d'ammonium tétrahydraté; HEPTAMOLYBDATE D'HEXAAMMONIUM TETRAHYDRATE; MOLYBDATE D'AMMONIUM TETRAHYDRATE ((NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O); PARAMOLYBDATE D'AMMONIUM TETRAHYDRATE. Ammonium molybdate(VI); Ammonium Molybdate; Ammonium molybdate (VI); diammonium dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum. Noms anglais : Ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate; AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE TETRAHYDRATE ((NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O); AMMONIUM PARAMOLYBDATE TETRAHYDRATE; HEXAAMMONIUM HEPTAMOLYBDATE TETRAHYDRATE; MOLYBDATE D'HEXAAMMONIUM TETRAHYDRATE; MOLYBDIC ACID, HEXAAMONIUM SALT, TETRAHYDRATE Utilisation: Fabrication de céramiques, agent de dosage analytiqueNom INCI : AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE. Nom chimique : Molybdate (Mo7O24(sup 6-)), hexaammonium, tetrahydrate. Ses fonctions (INCI): Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Noms français : ACIDE HEPTAMOLYBDIQUE (H6Mo7O28), SEL HEXAAMMONIACALE TETRAHYDRATE ACIDE MOLYBDIQUE (H6Mo7O28), SEL HEXAAMMONIACALE TETRAHYDRATE HEPTAMOLYBDATE D'AMMONIUM TETRAHYDRATE Heptamolybdate d'ammonium tétrahydraté HEPTAMOLYBDATE D'HEXAAMMONIUM TETRAHYDRATE MOLYBDATE D'AMMONIUM TETRAHYDRATE ((NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O) PARAMOLYBDATE D'AMMONIUM TETRAHYDRATE Noms anglais : Ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE TETRAHYDRATE ((NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O) AMMONIUM PARAMOLYBDATE TETRAHYDRATE HEXAAMMONIUM HEPTAMOLYBDATE TETRAHYDRATE MOLYBDATE D'HEXAAMMONIUM TETRAHYDRATE MOLYBDIC ACID, HEXAAMONIUM SALT, TETRAHYDRATE Utilisation et sources d'émission Fabrication de céramiques, agent de dosage analytique

CAS number: 6484-52-2
Molecular Formula: NH4NO3 or H4N2O3
Molecular Weight: 80.044
Density: 1.72 at 68 °F, 1.7 g/cm³

Ammonium nitrate is commonly used as a fertiliser and to produce explosives for mining industry.
Ammonium nitrate is an odourless material, which is usually granulated (if a fertiliser), and white in appearance.
Because of ammonium nitrate’s high volume of nitrogen, it is great for nitrate fertilizer.
Ammonium nitrate is the ammonium salt of nitric acid.
Ammonium nitrate has a role as a fertilizer, an explosive and an oxidising agent.
Ammonium nitrate is an inorganic molecular entity, an ammonium salt and an inorganic nitrate salt.

Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound widely used in farming as fertilizer.
Ammonium nitrate is normally spread as small pellets and dissolves quickly in moisture, releasing nitrogen into the soil.
Ammonium nitrate is typically sold in pellets, also known as prills, and is a commonly used fertiliser in the agricultural industry and explosive in the mining industry.
Ammonium nitrate is produced by neutralising nitric acid with ammonia, and was first discovered by a German chemist in 1659.
Ammonium nitrate itself is not an explosive but requires a combustible material to be present for it to explode.

Advantages:
-Best source of quick-release nitrogen
-Balanced nitrogen nutrition provided by nitrate and ammonium forms of nitrogen
-Effective for a wide range of crops
-Increases the protein and oil content in farmed

Ammonium nitrate is commercially available both as a colorless crystalline solid and processed into prills for specific applications.
Soluble in water.
Does not readily burn but will do so if contaminated with combustible material.
Ammonium nitrate is used to make fertilizers and explosives, and as a nutrient in producing antibiotics and yeast.

Ammonium nitrate based fertilizers appears as a grayish white solid in the form of prills.
Soluble in water.
Ammonium nitrate produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
Ammonium nitrate liquid is the white crystals dissolved in water.
Though the material itself is noncombustible Ammonium nitrate will accelerate the burning of combustible materials.
Ammonium nitrate is used to make fertilizers and explosives.

Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NH4NO3.
Ammonium nitrate is a white crystalline solid consisting of ions of ammonium and nitrate.
Ammonium nitrate is highly soluble in water and hygroscopic as a solid, although it does not form hydrates.
Ammonium nitrate is predominantly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer.
Global production was estimated at 21.6 million tonnes in 2017.
Ammonium nitrates other major use is as a component of explosive mixtures used in mining, quarrying, and civil construction.
Ammonium nitrate is the major constituent of ANFO, a popular industrial explosive which accounts for 80% of explosives used in North America; similar formulations have been used in improvised explosive devices.

Ammonium nitrate is found as the natural mineral gwihabaite (formerly known as nitrammite) – the ammonium analogue of saltpetre (mineralogial name: niter) – in the driest regions of the Atacama Desert in Chile, often as a crust on the ground or in conjunction with other nitrate, iodate, and halide minerals.
Ammonium nitrate was mined there until the Haber–Bosch process made it possible to synthesize nitrates from atmospheric nitrogen, thus rendering nitrate mining obsolete.
Ammonium nitrate, (NH4NO3), a salt of ammonia and nitric acid, used widely in fertilizers and explosives.
The commercial grade contains about 33.5 percent nitrogen, all of which is in forms utilizable by plants; Ammonium nitrate is the most common nitrogenous component of artificial fertilizers.
Ammonium nitrate also is employed to modify the detonation rate of other explosives, such as nitroglycerin in the so-called ammonia dynamites, or as an oxidizing agent in the ammonals, which are mixtures of ammonium nitrate and powdered aluminum.

Ammonium nitrate is a colourless crystalline substance (melting point 169.6 °C [337.3 °F]).
Ammonium nitrate is highly soluble in water; heating of the water solution decomposes the salt to nitrous oxide (laughing gas).
Ammonium nitrate is the nitrate salt of the ammonium cation (NH4NO3, sometimes written as N2H4O3) that is a white crystal solid and is highly soluble in water.
Ammonium nitrate is predominantly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer and is also used as a component of explosive mixtures in mining, quarrying, and civil construction.
Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is produced by neutralizing nitric acid (HNO3) with ammonia (NH3).
All ammonium nitrate plants produce an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution through the reaction of ammonia and nitric acid in a neutralizer.

The process involves several unit process operations including solution formation and concentration, solids formation, finishing, screening and coating, and product bagging and/or bulk shipping.
In some cases, solutions may be blended for marketing as liquid fertilizers.
The number of operating steps employed depends on the specification of the product.
For example, plants producing ammonium nitrate solutions alone use only the solution formation, solution blending and bulk shipping operations.
Plants producing a solid ammonium nitrate product may employ all of the operations.
Approximately 15%–20% (v/v) of the ammonium nitrate prepared in this manner is used for explosives and the balance for fertilizer.

Additives such as magnesium nitrate or magnesium oxide may be introduced into the melt prior to solidification to raise the crystalline transition temperature, act as a desiccant (removing water) or lower the temperature of solidification.
Products are sometimes coated with clays or diatomaceous earth to prevent agglomeration during storage and shipment, although additives may eliminate the need for coatings.
The final solid products are screened and sized, and off-size particles are dissolved and recycled through the process.

Ammonium nitrate is marketed in several forms, depending upon its use.
For example, liquid ammonium nitrate may be sold as a fertilizer, generally in combination with urea or the liquid ammonium nitrate may be concentrated to form an ammonium nitrate melt for use in solids formation processes.
Solid ammonium nitrate may be produced in the form of prills, grains, granules, or crystals.
Ammonium nitrate prills can be produced in either high- or low-density form, depending on the concentration of the melt.
High-density prills, granules, and crystals are used as fertilizer, while ammonium nitrate grains are used solely in explosives, and low-density prills that are small aggregates or globules of the material—most often a dry sphere—formed from a melted liquid.
The term prill is also used in manufacturing to refer to a product that has been pelletized.

The manufacture of ammonium nitrate produces particulate matter, ammonia, and nitric acid emissions.
Emissions from ammonia and nitric acid occur primarily when they form solutions (neutralizers and concentrators), and when they are used in granulators.
Particulate matter is the largest source and is emitted throughout the process during the formation of solids.
Prill towers and granulators are the largest sources of particulates.
Microprills can form and clog orifices, increasing fine dust loading and emissions.

Emissions occur from screening operations by the banging of ammonium nitrate solids against each other and the screens.
Most of these screening operations are enclosed or have partial covers to reduce emissions.
The coating of products may also create some particulate emissions during mixing in the rotary drums.
This dust is usually captured and recycled to coating storage. Another source of dust is bagging and bulk loading, mostly during final filling when dust-laden air is displaced from bags.
Plants producing nitric acid and ammonium nitrate produce wastewaters containing these compounds and ammonia.
Wastewater containing ammonia and nitric acid must be neutralized to produce ammonium nitrate.

ammonium nitrate solution is prepared by reacting preheated ammonia with nitric acid in a neutralizer.
The heat of reaction is utilized for evaporation and 80–83% ammonium nitrate solution is obtained.
This concentrated solution is further concentrated to obtain 92–94% solution in a vacuum concentrator.
Concentrated ammonium nitrate solution is then sprayed into the granulator along with a regulated quantity of limestone powder and the recycle fines from the screens.
The hot granules are dried in a rotary drier by hot air, screened and cooled in coolers to obtain the product.

Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is produced by neutralizing nitric acid (HNO3) with ammonia (NH3).
In 1991, there were 58 U. S. ammonium nitrate plants located in 22 states producing about 8.2 million megagrams (Mg) (9 million tons) of ammonium nitrate.
Approximately 15 to 20 percent of this amount was used for explosives and the balance for fertilizer.
Ammonium nitrate is marketed in several forms, depending upon its use.
Liquid ammonium nitrate may be sold as a fertilizer, generally in combination with urea.

Liquid ammonium nitrate may be concentrated to form an ammonium nitrate "melt" for use in solids formation processes.
Solid ammonium nitrate may be produced in the form of prills, grains, granules, or crystals.
Prills can be produced in either high or low density form, depending on the concentration of the melt.
High density prills, granules, and crystals are used as fertilizer, grains are used solely in explosives, and low density prills can be used as either.

Ammonium nitrate (AN) is derived from the reaction between ammonia and nitric acid.
Ammonium nitrate contains 33.5–34% nitrogen, of which half is in the nitrate form, which is easily assimilated by plants, and half is in the ammonia form.
Ammonium nitrate is used principally as a nitrogen source in fertilizers and is the main component of most nonmilitary industrial explosives and blasting agents.
Fertilizer-grade AN has a slightly higher density than explosive-grade AN.
Solid AN (prills or granules) has been the predominant form produced; however, liquid AN has gained popularity, particularly in developed economies, primarily as a component in urea-AN (UAN) solutions.

Ammonium nitrate is produced starting with a simple reaction of anhydrous ammonia and nitric acid.
For solid form AN, the resulting liquid is concentrated and processed into prills, granules or crystals.
Concentrated AN solutions can also be used to produce urea-ammonium nitrate solutions (UAN) used in liquid fertilizer systems.
Ammonium Nitrate (AN) is the primary ingredient in many explosives and fertilizers.
Ammonium nitrate fertilizers are very efficient and produce less greenhouse gas emissions than other fertilizers.
Half of the nitrogen in ammonium nitrate fertilizer is quick release nitrogen which is immediately available to the plants.
The other half is slow release nitrogen to form an effective balance in plant nutrition.

Pure ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is a white, water-soluble, crystalline substance with a melting point of 170°C.
The substance is classified as an oxidising agent.
Ammonium nitrate is one of the base ingredients used in the manufacture of commercial explosives.

Ammonium nitrate is not only a principal component of airborne aerosol, but it is chiefly an important and widely used product in the chemical industry.
The commercially important applications are twofold: as a fertilizer component and as an explosive ingredient.
Among inorganic fertilizers, AN is the most universally used because of its unique combination of nitrogen bound as both nitrate and ammonium ions that are the only two forms in which plants can efficiently absorb nitrogen from the soil.
According to scientific literature pure ammonium nitrate is considered as a relatively stable chemical, since it can be preserved unaltered at ordinary temperature and pressure.
Indeed even if Ammonium nitrate melts at quite low temperature (170 °C), significant thermally induced decomposition requires temperature of more than 200 °C.

Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is produced by the neutralization of nitric acid by ammonia.
Ammonium nitrate is used in agriculture as a high-efficiency, concentrated nitrogen fertilizer for the top-dressing of winter crops, perennial grasses and pastures, for sugar cane cultivation, and also used in industry for the manufacture of explosive substances and mixtures.
Production form – prills.
Product is treated by anti-caking additives.
When exposed to large amounts of heat, ammonium nitrate can become molten and detonate on impact.

Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula NH4 NO3, and it's made by combining ammonia with nitric acid.
Ammonium nitrate is most commonly used as fertilizer for agricultural purposes — since it is highly soluble — but it is also used as an industrial explosive.

Ammonium nitrate is an odourless material, which is usually granulated (if a fertiliser) and white in appearance.
Crystalline ammonium nitrate is not usually found outside a laboratory.

Ammonium nitrate is the nitric acid ammonium salt; it is a chemical compound containing the chemical formula NH4NO3.
At room temperature, Ammonium nitrate is a colorless rhombic or monoclinical crystal.
Ammonium nitrate can be degraded at 210°C to water and nitrous oxide.
They are prone to decomposition into nitrogen, oxygen, and water after intense heating at 300°C above.
Predominantly used as a high-nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture.
In 2017 global production was estimated at 21.6 million tonnes.

Ammonium nitrate plays a role as a fertilizer, an explosive agent, and an oxidizer.
Ammonium nitrate is an inorganic molecular form, salt with ammonium, and salt with inorganic nitrate.
The other main use of Ammonium nitrate is as an explosive component of mixtures used in mining, quarrying, and civil construction.

Ammonium nitrate’s soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol.
It dissolution in water can absorb plenty of warmth and reduce the temperature.
Ammonium nitrate’s one in all the foremost nitrogen fertilizer varieties within the world today.

Ammonium nitrate is present as the natural mineral gwihabaite, the saltpetre ammonium analog in the driest regions of the Chilean Atacama Desert, sometimes as a crust on the ground or in combination with other minerals of nitrate, iodate, and halides.
Ammonium nitrate is commercially available both as a colorless crystalline solid and for particular applications is transformed into prills.
Ammonium nitrate was mined there within the past, but virtually 100% of the chemical now used is synthetic.
Nitrate has no residue within the soil, and maybe all absorbed by crops; being a physiological neutral fertilizer.

The ammonium nitrate is used in protection bombs, matches, and pyrotechnics as a pesticide, as a freezing mixture.
Ammonium nitrate is suitable for a wide variety of soils and crops but is best suited for dry and dry crops especially suited for cash crops such as tobacco, cotton, and vegetables.
The industrial production of ammonium nitrate entails the acid-base reaction of ammonia with nitric acid

Ammonium nitrate is a crystal salt consisting of ammonia and nitric acid.
Ammonium nitrate is odorless and is either colorless or white.
Ammonium nitrate is typically used a fertilizer by providing nitrogen to plants.

Applications:

Fertilizer
Ammonium nitrate's advantage over urea is that it is more stable and does not rapidly lose nitrogen to the atmosphere.

Explosives
Ammonium nitrate is not, on its own, an explosive, but it readily forms explosive mixtures with varying properties when combined with explosives such as TNT or with fuels like aluminum powder or fuel oil.
Examples of explosives containing ammonium nitrate include:
-Astrolite (ammonium nitrate and hydrazine rocket fuel)
-Amatol (ammonium nitrate and TNT)
-Ammonal (ammonium nitrate and aluminum powder)
-Amatex (ammonium nitrate, TNT and RDX)
-ANFO (ammonium nitrate and fuel oil)
-DBX (ammonium nitrate, RDX, TNT and aluminum powder)
-Tovex (ammonium nitrate and methylammonium nitrate)
-Minol (explosive) (ammonium nitrate, TNT and aluminum powder)
-Goma-2 (ammonium nitrate, nitroglycol, Nitrocellulose, Dibutyl phthalate and fuel)

Boiling Point: Decomposes at 200-260 °C
Melting Point: 337.8 °F, 169.7 °C
Density: 1.72 at 68 °F, 1.7 g/cm³
Vapor Pressure: 2.3 kPa at 20 °C in water solution; 1.5 kPa at 20 °C in saturated NH4NOs solution
pH: 0.1 M solution in water: 5.43

Ammonium nitrate is used commonly in fertilizers; in pyrotechniques, herbicides, and insecticides; and in the manufacture of nitrous oxide.
Ammonium nitrate is used as an absorbent for nitrogen oxides, an ingredient of freezing mixtures, an oxidizer in rocket propellants, and a nutrient for yeast and antibiotics.
Ammonium nitrate is also used in explosives (especially as an oil mixture) for blasting rocks and in mining. Nitrates and nitrites are used to cure meats and to develop the characteristic flavor and pink color, to prevent rancidity, and to prevent growth of Clostridium botulinum spores in or on meats.

Large-scale production of ammonium nitrate began in the 1940s when it was used for munitions during wartime.
After the end of World War II, ammonium nitrate became available as a commercial fertilizer.
The production of ammonium nitrate is relatively simple: Ammonia gas is reacted with nitric acid to form a concentrated solution and considerable heat.

Prilled fertilizer forms when a drop of concentrated ammonium nitrate solution (95 percent to 99 percent) falls from a tower and solidifies.
Low-density prills are more porous than high-density prills and are preferred for industrial use, while high-density prills are used as fertilizer.
Manufacturers produce granular ammonium nitrate by repeatedly spraying the concentrated solution onto small granules in a rotating drum.

Since ammonium nitrate is hygroscopic and therefore readily attracts moisture from air, it’s commonly stored in air-conditioned warehouses or in sealed bags.
Manufacturers typically coat the solid fertilizer with an anti-caking compound to prevent sticking and clumping.

Small quantities of carbonate minerals are sometimes added prior to solidifying, which eliminates ammonium nitrate’s explosive properties.
These additives lower the N concentration and are sparingly soluble, making the modified product less suitable for application through an irrigation system (fertigation).

Ammonium nitrate is a popular fertilizer since it provides half of the N in the nitrate form and half in the ammonium form.
The nitrate form moves readily with soil water to the roots, where it’s immediately available for plant uptake.
The ammonium fraction is taken up by roots or gradually converted to nitrate by soil microorganisms.
Many vegetable growers prefer an immediately available nitrate source of plant nutrition and use ammonium nitrate.
Animal farmers like it for pasture and hay fertilization since Ammonium nitrate’s less susceptible to volatilization losses than urea-based fertilizers when left on the soil surface.

Ammonium nitrate is commonly mixed with other fertilizers, but these mixtures can’t be stored for long periods because of a tendency to absorb moisture from the air.
The very high solubility of ammonium nitrate makes it well suited for making solutions for fertigation or foliar sprays.

Ammonium Nitrate is a key component in the production of nitrous oxide (also known as Dinitrogen moNOxide, N₂O or laughing gas) for healthcare use.
Nitrous oxide is used in the health sector around the world as:

-Analgesic in surgery and dentistry
-Anesthetics in surgery and dentistry
-Used as a propellant for drugs packaged in aerosols

Low density Ammonium Nitrate explosive is used extensively in the mining industry and is intentionally made very porous to allow for the rapid uptake of liquid fuel oil.
The prill is coated with a trace amount of a waxy anti-caking material to enhance flowability and handling characteristics.

Fertilizing effect: ammonium nitrate provides plants with required amount of nitrogen, which is especially important during the period of intensive growth.
Fertilization not only ensures effective growth and ripening, faster root development, rapid nutrient absorption, but also prevents leave yellowing.
Nitrogen stimulates and regulates many vital plant growth processes.
Plants fertilized with ammonium nitrate consume less water, contain more proteins and sugar, have longer vegetation period.
Ammonium Nitrate is used as an ingredient for manufacture of explosives, anaesthetic gases, fertilizers, cold packs, etc.

Ammonium nitrate is commercially available both as a colorless crystalline solid and processed into prills for specific applications.
Ammonium nitrate is Soluble in water.
Does not readily burn but will do so if contaminated with combustible material.
Accelerates the burning of combustible material.
Used to make fertilizers and explosives, and as a nutrient in producing antibiotics and yeast.

Ammonium Nitrate Emulsion, Suspension, or Gel is ammonium nitrate suspended in a liquid.
The material itself does not readily burn but will readily do so if contaminated by combustible material.
Ammonium nitrate will accelerate the burning of combustible material.
Ammonium nitrate is used as a fertilizer, as a freezing mixture, in safety explosives, matches, and pyrotechnics.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: White to gray to brown, odorless beads, pellets, or flakes.
MELTING POINT: 336°F (169°C) decomposes at 410 F (210°C) SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.72 SOLUBILITY IN WATER: soluble

Nitrogen comes in many forms.
This major plant nutrient can be taken in by plants through the roots or from the stoma in the leaves and stems.
Additional sources of nitrogen are often added to soil and plants in areas without sufficient natural sources of nitrogen.
One of the first solid nitrogen sources produced in a large scale capacity is ammonium nitrate.
Ammonium nitrate fertilizer is the most common use of the compound, but it also has a very volatile nature, which makes it useful in certain industries.
Ammonium nitrate is an odorless, nearly colorless crystal salt.

Using ammonium nitrate in gardens and large-scale agricultural fields enhances plant growth and provides a ready supply of nitrogen from which plants can draw.
Ammonium nitrate fertilizer is a simple compound to make.
Ammonium nitrate is created when ammonia gas reacts with nitric acid.
The chemical reaction produces a concentrated form of ammonium nitrate, which produces prodigious amounts of heat.
As a fertilizer, the compound is applied as granules and fused with ammonium sulfate to minimize the volatile nature of the compound.
Anti-caking agents are also added to the fertilizer.

In addition to its usefulness as a fertilizer, ammonium nitrate is also employed in certain industrial and construction settings.
The chemical compound is explosive and useful in mining, demolition activities, and quarry work.
Food preservation is another area that is using ammonium nitrate.
The compound makes an excellent cold pack when one bag of water and one bag of the compound are united.
Temperatures can drop to 2 or 3 degrees Celsius very rapidly.

SYNONYMS:
AMMONIUM NITRATE
6484-52-2
Ammonium nitricum
Ammonium saltpeter
Nitrate of ammonia
Nitric acid ammonium salt
Nitrato amonico
Nitrate d'ammonium
Nitric acid, ammonium salt
Ammonium(I) nitrate (1:1)
Nitric acid ammonium salt (1:1)
UNII-T8YA51M7Y6
T8YA51M7Y6
CHEBI:63038
Nitram
NCGC00091921-01
Herco prills
German saltpeter
Merco Prills
Varioform I
DSSTox_CID_9668
DSSTox_RID_78802
DSSTox_GSID_29668
Caswell No. 045
Ammonium nitrate, 98%, ACS reagent
Nitrato amonico [Spanish]
Ammonium nitrate, 99+%, for analysis
Nitrate d'ammonium [French]
CAS-6484-52-2
HSDB 475
Ammonium nitrate, 99.999%, (trace metal basis)
Ammonium nitrate solution
Ammonium hydrogendinitrate
EINECS 229-347-8
UN0222
UN1942
UN2426
Ammonium nitrate, solution
EPA Pesticide
Chemical Code 076101azanium;nitrate
Ammonium Nitrate ACS grade
EC 229-347-8
Ammonium nitrate(V) - IV
Ammonium nitrate(V) - III
Ammonium nitrate - phase IV
Ammonium nitrate, Puratronic?
Ammonium nitrate, urea solution (containing ammonia)
Ammonium nitrate, urea solution (not containing ammonia)
CHEMBL1500032
DTXSID2029668
Ammonium nitrate solution (greater than 45% and less than 93%)
Tox21_111177
Tox21_202271
Tox21_303522
(N H4) (N O3)
AKOS025295591
Ammonium nitrate 54% in water by weight
NCGC00091921-02
NCGC00257475-01
NCGC00259820-01
FT-0622337
X5993
Q182329
Ammonium nitrate, liquid (hot concentrated solution)
Ammonium nitrate, liquid (hot concentrated solution) [UN2426] [Oxidizer]
Ammonium nitrate, with >0.2% combustible substances, including any organic substance calculated as carbon, to the exclusion of any other added substance
Ammonium nitrate, with >0.2% combustible substances, including any organic substance calculated as carbon, to the exclusion of any other added substance [UN0222] [Explosive 1.1D]
Ammonium nitrate, with not >0.2% of combustible substances, including any organic substance calculated as carbon, to the exclusion of any other added substance
Ammonium nitrate, with not >0.2% of combustible substances, including any organic substance calculated as carbon, to the exclusion of any other added substance [UN1942] [Oxidizer]

SYNONYMS Peroxydisulfuric Acid Diammonium Salt; Ammonium Peroxodisulfate; Ammonium Peroxydisulfate; diammonium peroxodisulfate;CAS NO. 7727-54-0

Ammonium Persulfate Ammonium persulfate (APS) is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2S2O8. It is a colourless (white) salt that is highly soluble in water, much more so than the related potassium salt. It is a strong oxidizing agent that is used in polymer chemistry, as an etchant, and as a cleaning and bleaching agent. The dissolution of the salt in water is an endothermic process. Preparation of Ammonium persulfate Ammonium persulfate is prepared by electrolysis of a cold concentrated solution of either ammonium sulfate or ammonium bisulfate in sulfuric acid at a high current density. The method was first described by Hugh Marshall. Uses of Ammonium persulfate As an oxidizing agent and a source of radicals, Ammonium persulfate finds many commercial applications. Salts of sulfate are mainly used as radical initiators in the polymerization of certain alkenes. Commercially important polymers prepared using persulfates include styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene. In solution, the dianion dissociates to give radicals: [O3SO–OSO3]2− ⇌ 2 [SO4]•− The sulfate radical adds to the alkene to give a sulfate ester radical. It is also used along with tetramethylethylenediamine to catalyze the polymerization of acrylamide in making a polyacrylamide gel, hence being important for SDS-PAGE and western blot. Illustrative of its powerful oxidizing properties, it is used to etch copper on printed circuit boards as an alternative to ferric chloride solution. This property was discovered many years ago. In 1908, John William Turrentine used a dilute ammonium persulfate solution to etch copper. Turrentine weighed copper spirals before placing the copper spirals into the ammonium persulfate solution for an hour. After an hour, the spirals were weighed again and the amount of copper dissolved by ammonium persulfate was recorded. This experiment was extended to other metals such as nickel, cadmium, and iron, all of which yielded similar results. The oxidation equation is thus: S2O2−8 (aq) + e− → 2 SO2−4 (aq). Ammonium persulfate is a standard ingredient in hair bleach. Persulfates are used as oxidants in organic chemistry. For example, in the Minisci reaction. Usages of Ammonium persulfate In cosmetics Industry both Ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate are used extensively as boosters for hair bleaches and for oxidization of hair dyes. They are also used as key components for bleaching formulations. Polymerization persulfates are very widely udes as initiators for emulsion polymerization of acrylic monomers and emulsion co-polymerization of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene SBR, ABS Metal treatment of Ammonium persulfate Ammonium persulfate is used for treatment of metal surfaces, to etch copper on printed circuit boards, manufacturing of semiconductors and activation of copper and aluminium surfaces. Textiles & paper in textile industry persulfates can be used for denim desizing and bleach activatiors. They can also be used for cold bleaching. In paper industry persulfates can be used for re-pulping and de-inking. Water treatment and disinfectants Ammonium persulfate is extensively used in waste water treatment anf oxidative degradation of harmful substances. Persulfate also used for production of disinfectants. Other applications persulfates are used in photographic industry, bleaching baths for colour stock, modification of starch and chemical synthesis. Safety of Ammonium persulfate Airborne dust containing ammonium persulfate may be irritating to eye, nose, throat, lung and skin upon contact. Exposure to high levels of dust may cause difficulty in breathing. It has been noted that persulfate salts are a major cause of asthmatic effects in women. Furthermore, it has been suggested that exposure to ammonium persulfate can cause asthmatic effects in hair dressers and receptionists working in the hairdressing industry. These asthmatic effects are proposed to be caused by the oxidation of cysteine residues, as well as methionine residues. Ammonium persulfate (APS) is a widely used reagent in biochemistry and molecular biology for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels. Ammonium persulfate forms oxygen free radicals in aqueous solution by a base-catalyzed mechanism. The bases, most commonly used as catalysts, are tertiary amines such as TEMED (N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) or DMAPN (3-dimethylaminopropionitrile). The free radicals will cause the polymerization of acrylamide and bis-acrylamide to form a gel matrix, which can be used for separating macromolecules by size. Ammonium persulfate has also been utilized to study protein-protein interactions via photoinitiated crosslinking chemistry. Application of Ammonium persulfate Ammonium persulfate has been used for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels and acrylamide hydrogels. Catalyst for acrylamide gel polymerization. Ammonium persulfate USES 1. Ammonium persulfate is used in the printed circuit boards. 2. Ammonium persulfate is used in the olefin polymerization as an initiator. 3. Ammonium persulfate is used for photography. 4. Ammonium persulfate is used as an additive for preserving the food. 5. Ammonium persulfate is used as an oxidising agent. 6. Ammonium persulfate is used to wash the infected yeast. 7. Ammonium persulfate is used for removing the pyrogallol stains. 8. Ammonium persulfate is used as a depolarizer in batteries. 9. Ammonium persulfate is used as a common ingredient in the hair bleaches. Hydraulic fracturing uses a specially blended liquid which is pumped into a well under extreme pressure causing cracks in rock formations underground. These cracks in the rock then allow oil and natural gas to flow, increasing resource production. ... Chemical Name: Ammonium persulfate; Chemical Purpose: Allows a delayed break down of the gel; Product Function: Breaker. A mixutre of ammonium persulfate and sodium peroxide will explode if subjected to crushing (in a mortar), heating, or if a stream of carbon dioxide is passed over it. Ammonium persulfate (APS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are used as oxidants in many industrial processes and are the main constituents of standard hair bleaching products. In a previous study, it was demonstrated that aerosols of Ammonium persulfate induce alterations in airway responsiveness. The present study examined whether exposure for 4 hr to a hair bleach composition (containing Ammonium persulfate, potassium persulphate and H2O2) or H2O2 could induce airway hyperresponsiveness and/or an obstructive ventilation pattern in a rabbit model. Exposure to the aerosols altered neither baseline airway resistance, dynamic elastance, slope of inspiratory pressure generation nor arterial blood pressure and blood gas measurements. Similarly to Ammonium persulfate, hair bleach aerosols containing > or =10.9 mg /per/ cu m persulphate (ammonium and potassium salt) in air and > or =1.36 mg /per/cu m H2O2 in air caused airway hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine after 4 hr of exposure. Aerosolized H2O2 (> or =37 mg /per/ cu m in air) did not influence airway responsiveness to acetylcholine. The results demonstrate that hair bleaching products containing persulphates dissolved in H2O2 cause airway hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine in rabbits. A cross sectional study was performed in 32 of 33 employees of a persulphate producing chemical plant. Eighteen of 23 workmen from the same plant with no exposure to persulphates were taken as controls. Also, information was collected from medical records of the seven subjects who had left the persulphate production for medical reasons since 1971. Data were recalled by a questionnaire, skin prick tests were performed with five environmental allergens, and Ammonium persulfate (80 mg/mL). Specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) to the same environmental allergens as in the skin test, and total IgE were measured. Lung function and bronchial responsiveness to histamine were assessed by standard procedures. Workplace concentrations of Ammonium persulfate were estimated by area and personal monitoring. The amount of persulphate was analyzed as sulphur by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. Work related rhinitis was reported by one subject with exposure to persulphates, conjunctivitis and bronchitis were reportedly related to work by two controls. There were no cutaneous reactions to persulphates in either group. Four non-atopic subjects exposed to persulphates, and two controls, one atopic and one non-atopic, were considered to be hyperresponsive to histamine. Three subjects exposed to persulphates with bronchial hyperresponsiveness (provocation dose of histamine causing a 15% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PD15 FEV1) < or = 1 mg) did not show variability in peak expiratory flow of > or = 20%, the rest refused peak flow measurements. None of the variables showed significant differences between the groups (P > 0.05). Six of the ex- workers left because of work related contact dermatitis. Mean values for workplace concentrations of Ammonium persulfate within the bagging plant were below 1 mg/cu m, and the maximal concentrations were 1.4 mg/cu m and 3.6 mg/cu m, respectively. Sodium, Potassium, and Ammonium Persulfate are inorganic salts used as oxidizing agents in hair bleaches and hair-coloring preparations. Persulfates are contained in hair lighteners at concentrations up to 60%, in bleaches and lighteners at up to 22% and 16%, respectively, and in off-the-scalp products used to highlight hair strands at up to 25%. They are used in professional product bleaches and lighteners at similar concentrations. Much of the available safety test data are for Ammonium Persulfate, but these data are considered applicable to the other salts as well. Acute dermal, oral, and inhalation toxicity studies are available, but only the latter are remarkable, with gross lesions observed in the lungs, liver, stomach, and spleen. Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In short-term and subchronic feeding studies the results were mixed; some studies found no evidence of toxicity and others found local damage to the mucous membrane in the gastrointestinal tract, but no other systemic effects. Short-term inhalation toxicity was observed when rats were exposed to aerosolized Ammonium persulfate at concentrations of 4 mg/cu m and greater. Ammonium Persulfate (as a moistened powder) was not an irritant to intact rabbit skin, but was sensitizing (in a saline solution) to the guinea pig. It was slightly irritating to rabbit eyes. According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of ammonium persulfate is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated. We are offering Ammonium Persulfate (Cat. No. A3678) as a possible alternative. Please read the alternative product documentation carefully and contact technical service if you need additional information. Thermo Scientific Pierce Ammonium Persulfate (APS) is an oxidizing agent that is used with TEMED to catalyze the polymerization of acrylamide and bisacrylamide to prepare polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis. Ammonium persulfate (APS) is an oxidizing agent that is often used with tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED, Part No. 17919) to catalyze the polymerization of acrylamide and bisacrylamide to prepare polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis. Details of Ammonium persulfate: • Name: Ammonium persulfate (APS) • Formula: (NH4)2S2O8 • CAS number: 7727-54-0 • Molecular weight: 228.2 • Purity: ≥98.0% • Insolubles: ≤0.005% Ammonium persulfate Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Outline Ammonium persulfate is white, odorless single crystal, the formula is (NH4) 2S2O8, it has strong oxidation and corrosion, when heated, it decomposes easily, moisture absorption is not easy, it is soluble in water, the solubility increases in warm water, it can hydrolyze into ammonium hydrogen sulfate and hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution. The dry product has good stability, storage is easy, and it has the advantage of convenience and safety and so on. When heated to 120 °C, it can decompose, it is easily damped and it can cake in moist air. It is mainly used as an oxidizing agent and the preparation of hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate and other persulfate. It can be used as free initiator of polymerization reaction, particularly vinyl chloride emulsion polymerization of polymerizable compound and redox polymerization. It can be used as bleaching agent in grease, soap industry. It can be used to prepare aniline dyes and dye oxidation and electroplating industry, photographic industry and chemical analysis. For food-grade, it can be used as modifier of wheat, brewer's yeast mildew. It can be used as metal etchant, circuit board cleaning and etching, copper and aluminum surface activation, modified starch, pulp and textile bleaching at low temperature and desizing, circulating water purification treatment systems, oxidative degradation of harmful gases, low formaldehyde adhesive stick bound to accelerate, disinfectants, hair dye decolorization. Ammonium persulfate is non-flammable, but it can release of oxygen, so it has the role of combustion-supporting, storage environment must be dry and clean, and well-ventilated. People should pay attention to moisture and rain, it should not be transported in rain. Keep away from fire, heat and direct sunlight. It should keep sealed packaging, clear and intact labels. It should be stored separately with flammable or combustible materials, organic compounds, as well as rust, a small amount of metal, and other reducing substances, it should avoid be mixed to prevent the decomposition of ammonium persulfate and cause explosion. Chemical properties of Ammonium persulfate Ammonium persulfate is colorless monoclinic crystal or white crystalline powder. It is soluble in water, the solubility is 58.2g/100ml water at 0℃. Uses of Ammonium persulfate Ammonium persulfate can be used as analytical reagents, photographic fixing agent and reducing agent. Ammonium persulfate can be used as food preservative, oxidizing agent and initiator of high-molecular polymer. Ammonium persulfate can be used as raw material of producting persulfate and hydrogen peroxide in chemical industry, inhibitor of polymerization organic polymer, initiator of during the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer. It can be used as bleaching agent in grease, soap industry. It can also be used as corrodent in plate metals cutting eclipse and oil extraction in oil industry. For food-grade, it can be used as modifier of wheat, brewer's yeast mildew. Ammonium persulfate can be used for flour modifier (Limited ≤0.3g/kg, the Japanese standard, 1999); Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungicide (limit 0.1%, FAO/WHO, 1984). The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Wang Xiaodong. Production methods of Ammonium persulfate Ammonium persulfate can be derived by the electrolysis of ammonium sulfate and dilute sulfuric acid and then crystallized. Electrolytic process Ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid formulates to form liquid electrolyte, it is decontaminated by electrolysis, HSO4-can discharge and generate peroxydisulfate acidat in the anode, and then reacts with ammonium sulfate to generate ammonium persulfate, ammonium persulfate goes through filtration, crystallization, centrifugal separation, drying to get ammonium persulfate product when the content reaches a certain concentration in the anode. Anode reaction: 2HSO4--2e → H2S2O8 Cathodic reaction: 2H ++ 2e → H2 ↑ (NH4) 2S2O4 + H2S2O8 → (NH4) 2S2O8 + H2SO4 Description of Ammonium persulfate Persulfates are strong oxidizing agents widely used in the production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane, rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents and hair bleaches. Ammonium persulfate is used as a hair bleaching agent. It may induce irritant dermatitis, contact urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis and represents a major allergen in hairdressers. Chemical Properties Ammonium persulfate is a colorless or white crystalline solid. Chemical Properties of Ammonium persulfate Off-white crystalline powder Uses of Ammonium persulfate Used for detection and determination of manganese and iron. Uses As oxidizer and bleacher; to remove hypo; reducer and retarder in photography; in dyeing, manufacture of aniline dyes; oxidizer for copper; etching zinc; decolorizing and deodorizing oils; electroplating; washing infected yeast; removing pyrogallol stains; making soluble starch; depolarizer in electric batteries; In animal chemistry chiefly for detection and determination of manganese. Uses of Ammonium persulfate Ammonium Persulfate is a bleaching agent for food starch that is used up to 0.075% and with sulfur dioxide up to 0.05%. General Description A white crystalline solid. A strong oxidizing agent. Does not burn readily, but may cause spontaneous ignition of organic materials. Used as a bleaching agent and as a food preservative. Air & Water Reactions of Ammonium persulfate Soluble in water. Reactivity Profile of Ammonium persulfate Ammonium persulfate is a potent oxidizing agent. A powdered mixture with aluminum and water can explode [NFPA 491M 1991]. A mixture with sodium peroxide will explode if subjected to friction (crushing in a mortar), heating, or if a stream of carbon dioxide is passed over Ammonium persulfate. Acidic solutions dissolve iron violently. Hazard of Ammonium persulfate Fire risk in contact with reducers. Health Hazard Inhalation produces slight toxic effects. Contact with dust irritates eyes and causes skin rash. Contact allergens of Ammonium persulfate Persulfates are strong oxidizing agents widely used in the production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane, rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents, and hair bleaches. Ammonium persulfate is used as a hair bleaching agent. It may induce irritant dermatitis, (mainly) nonimmunologic contact urticaria, and allergic contact dermatitis and represents a major allergen in hairdressers. People reacting to ammonium persulfate also react to other persulfates such as potassium persulfate. Safety Profile of Ammonium persulfate Poison by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A powerful oxidizer that can react vigorously with reducing agents. Releases oxygen when heated. Mxtures with sodium peroxide are explosives sensitive to friction, heating above 75℃, or contact with CO2 or water. Mixtures with (powdered aluminum + water) or (zinc + ammonia) are explosive. Violent reaction with iron or solutions of ammonia + silver salts. Solution with sulfuric acid is a strong oxidzing cleaning solution. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SO,, NH3, and NOx. Potential Exposure of Ammonium persulfate Ammonium persulfate is used as a bleaching agent, in photographic chemicals, and to make dyes. It is also used as an ingredient of polymerization catalysts. Shipping of Ammonium persulfate UN1444 Ammonium persulfate, Hazard Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer Purification Methods of Ammonium persulfate Recrystallise it at room temperature from EtOH/water. Ammonium persulfate gradually loses NH3 on exposure to air. Its solubility is 0.5g/mL at 20o, and 2g/mL at 100o. Incompatibilities of Ammonium persulfate Decomposes in water and moist air, forming oxygen gas. A strong oxidizer; reacts with reducing agents; organic and combustible materials. Incompatible with heat, sodium peroxide (produces a friction-, heat-, and water-sensitive explosive); aluminum powder. Waste Disposal of Ammonium persulfate May be treated with large volumes of water, neutralized and flushed to sewer. This applies to small quantities only. Ammonium persulfate Preparation Products And Raw materials These rubbers are produced by radical emulsion polymerization using ammonium persulfate as initiator. This rubber has a density of 1.85 g/cm3 and has a service temperature exceeding 250°C. Vulcanization is done with diamines in combination with basic metal oxides (MgO). The vulcanization is very slow and takes about 24 h at a temperature of 200°C. Fluororubbers allow the highest use temperatures. These products have a very good oil resistance, excellent oxygen, ozone, and weather resistance, and good chemical and solvent resistance. The drawbacks are poor alkali resistance, high price, and relatively poor mechanical properties and cold flexibility.

AMMONIUM POLYACRYLATE, N° CAS : 9003-03-6, Nom INCI : AMMONIUM POLYACRYLATE. Classification : Polymère de synthèse.Ses fonctions (INCI) :Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles. Agent stabilisant : Améliore les ingrédients ou la stabilité de la formulation et la durée de conservation. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

AMMONIUM POLYACRYLOYLDIMETHYL TAURATE, N° CAS : 62152-14-1, Nom INCI : AMMONIUM POLYACRYLOYLDIMETHYL TAURATE. Ses fonctions (INCI) Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion. Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

Ammonium Polyacrylate

CAS Number: 9003-03-6
Boiling Point: 141°C
Molecular Formula: C3H4O2+NH4



APPLICATIONS


Ammonium Polyacrylate is a polymer anionic dispersant intended for paint products.
Furthermore, Ammonium Polyacrylate is supplied in the form of 40% aqueous solution of ammonium salt of polyacrylic acid.
Ammonium Polyacrylate is a clear or lightly murky yellow liquid.

Ammonium Polyacrylate is an Ammonium salt of polyacrylic acid.


Uses and applications of Ammonium Polyacrylate:

Pigment dispersant for paintscoatings, ceramics, paper
Thickener and stabilizer for synthetic latexes
Stabilizer for emulsion polymerization
Wetting agent for cementpigment manufacturing
Viscous stabilizer
In coatings adhesives
Dipped, cast, and molded goods
Cements for rug backing
Spraying, spreading, brushing, and extruding compds
Surfactant in cosmetics

Ammonium Polyacrylate is the ammonium salt of polyacrylic acid of medium molecular weight.
Moreover, Ammonium Polyacrylate is used as a dispersant, anti-scalent and suspending agent in a wide variety of industrial processes and applications.


Ammonium Polyacrylate is used in several industries:

Mining and mineral handling (china clay, metal ores)
Inorganic pigment dispersions
Paper making
Textile processing
Paint manufacture
Boiler water treatment


The application of Ammonium Polyacrylate significantly decreases the viscosity of aqueous suspensions of titanium white and mineral fillers.
Therefore, Ammonium Polyacrylate allows large amounts of pigment and/or fillers to be efficiently introduced into the water system.

Even low concentrations of Ammonium Polyacrylate provide paint products with very good stability.
Ammonium Polyacrylate has a positive impact on the compatibility of pigments in colour products.

Ammonium Polyacrylate is also used as a basic dispersing agent in waterborne decorative paints.
Thanks to Ammonium Polyacrylate's low content volatile organic compounds (“VOCs”), the product may be used to create paint formulations.
The recommended level of use of Ammonium Polyacrylate in waterborne paints is 0.1 – 0.6% (w/w).


Advantages of Ammonium polyacrylate:

Very good dispersing properties, especially in case of titanium white and mineral fillers,
Basic dispersant for waterborne paints,
Recommended for paints with low VOC,
Compatible with widely used acrylic dispersions, styrene and acrylic dispersions, as well as with Homo- & copolymers of vinyl acetate,
Compatible with rheology modifiers,
Efficient even at low concentrations,
Non-classified according to CLP,
Positive impact on compatibility with pigments,
Positive impact on water resistance of the coating.


Some applications of Ammonium Polyacrylate:

Decorative paints for interior and exterior
Titanium white concentrates
Plasterwork

Ammonium Polyacrylate is prepared in aqueous solution under specially controlled reactıon conditions to produce efficient flocculants.

Besides, Ammonium acrylate is polymerized (and become Ammonium Polyacrylate) at a monomer concentration within the range from about 10 weight percent of the polymerization system up to the monomersaturation level, in the presence of at least 0.1 weight percent of ammonium hydroxide.
The upper limit on the amount of hydroxide employed will range downwardly from about 15 weight percent to approxımately 5 weıght percent for monomerconcentrations from 10 to 40 weight percent respectıvely.

Further improvement in polymer propertıes is achıeved by the incorporation of at least about 1 weight percent, based on the weight of polymerizatıon system, of analkali metal salt.
One of the potential factors that may limit the ruminant animal's ability to digest fiber is the reduced retention and subsequent passage of cellulolytic microorganisms from the rumen.
Bacterial passage may be decreased by an inert support.

Ammonium Polyacrylate is a hygroscopic organic polymer that is non-toxic to animals and environmentally degradable.
A digestibility trial was conducted with six Holstein steers cannulated at ruminal, duodenal and ileal sites to determine if an ammonium polyacrylate gel (GEL: 20 gammonium polyacrylate hydrated in 2 l tap water containing 20 g glucose animal-1 day-1) would increase total tract nutrient digestion.

Intake and digestion of Ammonium Polyacrylate were not affected (p > 0.10) by GEL but NDF digestibility was decreased (p < 0.06) when GEL was consumed.
Although GEL appeared to be present in the rumen samples, higher concentrations may be needed to elicit a detectable in vivo response.

Ammonium Polyacrylate undergoes the typical reactions of a carboxylic acid.
When reacted with an alcohol, Ammonium Polyacrylate forms the corresponding ester.
The esters and salts of Ammonium Polyacrylate are collectively known as acrylates (or propenoates).

The most common alkyl esters of Ammonium Polyacrylate are methyl, butyl, ethyl, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
Ammonium Polyacrylate and its esters readily combine with themselves (to form polyacrylic acid) or other monomers (e.g. acrylamides, acrylonitrile, vinylcompounds, styrene, and butadiene) by reacting at their double bond, forming homopolymers or copolymers, which are used in the manufacture of various plastics, coatings, adhesives, elastomers, as well as floor polishes and paints.

Ammonium Polyacrylate is used in many industries like the diaper industry, the water treatment industry or the textiles industry.
On a worldwide scale the consumption rate of acrylic acid is projected to reach more than an estimated 8,000 kilotons, by 2020.
This increase is expected to occur as a result of using Ammonium Polyacrylate in new applications, including personal care products, detergents and products thatare used for adult incontinence.

Ammonium Polyacrylate is the standard dispersant for matt emulsion paints and can also be used in certain semi-gloss and gloss formulations.

Benefits OF Ammonium Polyacrylate:

Ideal dispersing agent for a wide range of water borne coatings.
Can be used as supplied.
Improved storage stability of both the pigment dispersion and the formulated paint.
Little or no adverse reaction to high temperatures or pH changes.
Ammonium Polyacrylate is a low viscosity product used to disperse inorganic pigments and fillers in water-borne systems.
Ideal dispersing agent for water borne high gloss coatings because it is compatible with polypropylene glycol and other glycols used to promote wet edge time and film coalescence.
Effective at high temperatures above 100°C over a pH range of 5 – 12.
Offers much better stability and improved shelf life for water borne paints and coatings.
Very high pigment loading can be achieved when thoroughly mixed with water before adding pigments and fillers to the system using high shear mixers.


Ammonium Polyacrylate is especially suited for use in silk and gloss emulsion paints where its compatibility with glycols maintains the gloss of the system.
In addition, Ammonium Polyacrylate is used to disperse fillers and pigments in many products such as tile adhesives, grouts, fillers and water based adhesives and glues.

Ammonium Polyacrylate is primarily recommended for use in the electronic and specialty ceramic fields where a low soda content is required.
Additionally, Ammonium Polyacrylate is a good scale inhibitor and dispersant.

Ammonium Polyacrylate can be used in combination with other water treatment agents for oilfield water injection and boiler water treatment without scaling under high PH value and high concentration multiple.
More to that, Ammonium Polyacrylate is the ammonium salt of polyacrylic acid.

Ammonium Polyacrylate, which is a colorless to pale yellow, clear liquid, absent of visible impurities, is used as a dispersant and, anti-scalent and suspending agent in a variety of industrial processes and applications including inorganic pigment dispersions and paint manufacture.



DESCRIPTION


Ammonium Polyacrylate has very good dispersing properties, especially in case of titanium white and mineral fillers.
Further to that, Ammonium Polyacrylate is compatible with widely used acrylic dispersions, styrene and acrylic dispersions, as well as with homo- & Ammonium Polyacrylate is also highly compatible with the most popular rheology modifiers.
Ammonium Polyacrylate is better in improving water resistance of paint coats than sodium salt of polyacrylic acid.

Ammonium Polyacrylate is an organic compound with the formula CH2=CHCOOH.
Furthermore, Ammonium Polyacrylate is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid, consisting of a vinyl group connected directly to a carboxylic acid terminus.

Ammonium Polyacrylate has a characteristic acrid or tart smell.
Moreover, Ammonium Polyacrylate is miscible with water, alcohols, ethers, and chloroform. More than a million tons are produced annually.
Ammonium Polyacrylate is an ammonium salt of Polyacrylic Acid.

Ammonium Polyacrylate is a solution of an ammonium salt of an acrylic polymer in water.
Besides, Ammonium Polyacrylate is a low viscosity dispersing agent for water-borne coating systems.
Ammonium Polyacrylate is especially suited for the dispersion of inorganic pigments.



PROPERTIES


Appearance: Colourless to pale yellow, clear liquid free from impurities
Density: 1.063g/cm3
Solids Content: 38.5%
pH: 6.5
Total Active Solids: 40%
Brookfield Viscosity: 80 – 300 cps
Percent Ash (typical): 0.01%
Density at 25°C: 1.25 Mg/m3
Weight Per Gallon: 9.8 lb.
pH at 25°C: 7.0 to 8.0
Viscosity at 25°C: 50 kPa·s (50 cps)
Solubility: Very soluble in water systems.
Stability: Stable in the presence of acids andalkalies over a wide pH range.
Storage: Product should be stored above 10°C(50°F).
Density: 1.063
Boiling Point: 55° F (NTP, 1992)
Flash Point: 130° F (NTP, 1992)
Melting Point: 12.5 deg C
Vapour: 4 mm Hg ( 20 °C)



FIRST AID


Ammonium Polyacrylate causes severe irritation and burns.
In addition, Ammonium Polyacrylate may be harmful if swallowed.

Avoid breathing vapor or dust.
Use with adequate ventilation.

Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothes.
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Keep container closed.

General advice:

First Aid responders should pay attention to self-protection and use the recommended protective clothing (chemical resistant gloves, splash protection).
If potential for exposure exists refer to safety sheet for specific personal protective equipment.


Inhalation:

Move person to fresh air; if effects occur, consult a physician.


Skin contact:

Remove material from skin immediately by washing with soap and plenty of water.
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes while washing.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Wash clothing before reuse.
Discard items which cannot be decontaminated, including leather articles
such as shoes, belts and watchbands.


Eye contact:

Flush eyes thoroughly with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses after the initial 1-2 minutes and continue flushing for several additional minutes.
If effects occur, consult a physician, preferably an ophthalmologist.


Ingestion:

If swallowed, seek medical attention.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.


Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:

Aside from the information found under Description of first aid measures (above), any additional important symptoms and effects are described in Safety sheet.


Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
Notes to physician:

No specific antidote.
Treatment of exposure should be directed at the control of symptoms and the clinical condition of the patient.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Packaging & Labelling:

Standard packaging is in 210 litre UN-standard plastic drums at 240kg nett or 1000 litre Intermediate Bulk Containers at 1100kg nett.
Each item of packaging is labelled with product name, batch number, date of manufacture, nett weight and relevant Health and Safety information.
Can also be supplied in bulk road tankers.


Hazard Classification:

Not classified as hazardous for transport or supply
Approved for use in paper products for foodstuffs (FDA Ch. 176.17-18/BGA Ch.36).


Shelf Life:

When stored sealed & unopened in the original packaging protected from direct sun light at 5-25°C the shelf life is over 6 months.
If customer’s storage conditions do not match all these parameters then they should carry out their own tests to determine the shelf life under their specific storage conditions.


Precautions for safe handling:

Avoid contact with eyes.
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Containers, even those that have been emptied, can contain vapors.

Do not cut, drill, grind, weld, or perform similar operations on or near empty containers.
Spills of these organic materials on hot fibrous insulations may lead to lowering of the autoignition temperatures possibly resulting in spontaneous combustion.
Keep away from heat, sparks and flame.


Technical measures:

Highly flammable.
Avoid contact with high temperature objects, spark, and strong oxidizing agents.
Use withlocal exhaust ventilation.

Precautions:

Do not rough handling containers, such as upsetting, falling, giving a shock, and dragging Prevent leakage, overflow, andscattering.
Not to generate steam and dust in vain.
Seal the container after use.

After handling, wash hands andface, andthen gargle
Deny unnecessary entry of non-emergency personnel to the handling area

Safety handling precautions:

Take necessary action to avoid static electricity discharge (which might cause ignition of organic vapors).
Use personal protective equipment as required.
Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing.



SYNONYMS


Poly(Acrylate Ammonium)
Poly(Acrylic Acid)
Ammonium Salt
Poly(Ammonium Acrylate)
Acrylic Acid
Ammonium Salt Polymer
Ammonium Polyacrylate
2-Propenoic Acid
Homopolymer
Ammonium Salt
2-PROPENOIC ACID
HOMOPOLYMER
AMMONIUM SALT
2PROPENOIC ACID
HOMOPOLYMER
AMMONIUM SALT
ACRYLIC ACID POLYMER AMMONIUM SALT
AMMONIUM POLYACRYLATE
AMMONIUM SALT 2-PROPENOIC ACID
HOMOPOLYMER
AMMONIUM SALT POLY(ACRYLIC ACID)
HOMOPOLYMER AMMONIUM SALT 2-PROPENOIC ACID
POLY(ACRYLIC ACID)
AMMONIUM SALT
Ammonium acrylate
10604-69-0
2-Propenoic acid, ammonium salt
2-Propenoic acid, ammonium salt (1:1)
ACRYLATE, AMMONIUM
amine acrylate
Acrylate,ammonium
EINECS 234-229-4
Ammonium 2-propenoate
azane;prop-2-enoic acid
acrylic acid, ammonia salt
acrylic acid, ammonium salt
MFCD00080376
FT-0688073
2-Propenoic acid, homopolymer, ammonium salt
Acrylic acid, polymers, ammonium salt
Latekoll AS
Acrylic acid polymer ammonium salt
Ammonium polyacrylate
Sokrat CHDF 3001
Ammonium polyacrylic acid
Poly(acrylic acid) ammonium salt
Aron A 30
Glascol HA 4
Poly(acrylic acid) ammonia salt
WS 851
Mowilith LP 530
Polyteric L 6
SER-AD FX 504
Size CB
Hiviswako 103
Nopcosperse 644A
Marpozol RA 40A
Rheogic 305H
Kayadisperse C 24N
Medamon 30B
Jaypol A 140
Sokrat 32A
A 30SL
Kayadisperse C 34
Aron A 30SL
Polystabil AMV
Dispex A 40
Dolapix CE
Rheogic 306L
DP 6195
Additol XW 330
EL Polymer NWS 16
Coatex P 90
Jurymer AC 10H ammonium salt
Celuna D 305
Mirox HP
T 17
T 17 (acrylic polymer)
Shallol AH 103P
D 305
D 134
Ceramo D 134
JN 281
NWS 16
Darvan 812A
Jurymer AC 10S ammonium salt
Lefasol V 2
Darvan 821A
DP 518
Prox BO3
W 53FL
M 20C
Poiz 2100
Glascol C 95
Dolapix PC 33
D 511
D 511 (acrylic polymer)
Indunal A
Mowiplus XW 330
XW 330
Duramax D 3021
D 3021
B 03 (dispersant)
B 03
Decal 2041
Dolapix CA
Ecodis 80
Orotan 112D
112D
Reotan LAM
Jurymer AC 10L ammonium salt
Pigment Disperser A
Coatex Ecodis P 90
Ecodis P 90
Pigmentverteiler A
Lopon 885
SA 203
SN 5027
TRM 2400
Rikabond SA 203
PR 03
LP 530
Dammonium 3008
DP 270 (dispersant)
DP 270
YRM 2435
Dispex AA 4040
SD 00
Dispex AA 4030
DA 40 (dispersant)
DA 40
2500D
Prox B 03
Collacral 6256
BYK 152
Acrylic acid homopolymer ammonium salt
E 80
AA 4040
P 90
A 30
EK 1
O-Disperse 3507
BASF 4040
AST 02TL
FX 504
DP 6195;2-Propenoic acid,polymers,homopolymer,ammonium salt
EL Polymer NWS 16;Sokrat 32A;Polyteric L 6
Poly(acrylic acid), ammonium salt;Aron A 30
Aron A 30SL
Kayadisperse C 34;WS 851
Rheogic 306L;
Glascol HA 4
Hiviswako 103
2-Propenoic acid, homopolymer, ammonium salt
SER-AD FX 504
Marpozol RA 40A
Rheogic 305H
Kayadisperse C 24N
Polystabil AMV
Coatex P 90
Dolapix CE
Sokrat CHDF 3001
Nopcosperse 644A
Dispex A 40
Mowilith LP 530
Medamon 30B
Jaypol A 140
polyacrylic acid ammonium salt

YC 81; DC 100A; stearates; Ligafluid; Stokal STA; Stanfax 320; Nopco DC 100A; Nopcote DC 100A; Kanebinol YC 81; Ligafluid AS 35; AMMONIUM STEARATE; stearated’ammonium; Ammoniumstearat, rein; Stearic ammonium salt; ammoniumoctadecanoate; ammoniumstearate,pure; stearicacid,ammoniumsalt; Octadecanoicacid,ammoniumsalt; Octadecanoic acid,aMMoniuM salt (1:1) CAS NO:1002-89-7

Ammonium polyphosphate is an organic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia.
As a chemical, Ammonium polyphosphate is non-toxic, environmentally friendly and halogen-free.
Ammonium polyphosphate is most commonly used as a flame retardant, selection of the specific grade of ammonium polyphosphate can be determined by the solubility, Phosphorus content, chain length and polymerization degree.

CAS: 68333-79-9
MF: H12N3O4P
MW: 149.086741
EINECS: 269-789-9

The chain length (n) of Ammonium polyphosphate can be linear or branched.
Depending on the polymerization degree, there are two main families of ammonium polyphosphate: Crystal phase I APP (or APP I), and Crystal phase II APP (or APP II).
APP phase I has a short and linear chain (n < 100), it is more water sensitive (hydrolysis) and less thermally stable; actually it begins to decompose at temperatures above 150 °C.
The second family of Ammonium polyphosphate is the APP Phase II; which has an high polymerization degree, with n>1000, its structure is cross linked (branched), and it is an high-quality non-halogenated flame retardant.
APP phase II, Ammonium polyphosphate, has an higher thermal stability (the decomposition starts at approximately 300°C) and lower water solubility than APP I.

Ammonium polyphosphates are liquid fertilizers with compositions up to 11-37-0, manufactured by the reaction of anhydrous ammonia with superphosphoric acid.
Superphosphoric acid is made by the concentration of regular wet-process acid up to P2O5 concentrations of 78%.
Granular polyphosphates suitable for bulk blending are made by reacting ammonia with regular wet process acid of 52% P2O5 content and using the heat of reaction to drive off water to produce a phosphate melt of 10-43-0, with about 40% of the phosphorus in the polyphosphate form.

​Ammonium Polyphosphate is an environment-friendly, non-toxic, halogen-free flame retardant, chemically Ammonium Polyphosphate is an organic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia.
The chain length (n) of this polymeric compound can be linear or branched.
Depending on the polymerization degree there are two main types of Ammonium Polyphosphates (APPs):
APP Phase I – these are short, linear chain APP’s.
The Ammonium polyphosphate behaves as a flame retardant in an intumescent coating with the presence of other chemicals.

Ammonium polyphosphate is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia containing both chains and possibly branching.
Ammonium polyphosphate's chemical formula is H(NH4PO3)nOH showing that each monomer consists of an orthophosphate radical of a phosphorus atom with three oxygens and one negative charge neutralized by an ammonium cation leaving two bonds free to polymerize.
In the branched cases some monomers are missing the ammonium anion and instead link to three other monomers.

The properties of ammonium polyphosphate depend on the number of monomers in each molecule and to a degree on how often it branches.
Shorter chains (n < 100) are more water sensitive and less thermally stable than longer chains (n > 1000), but short polymer chains (e.g. pyro-, tripoly-, and tetrapoly-) are more soluble and show increasing solubility with increasing chain length.

Ammonium polyphosphate can be prepared by reacting concentrated phosphoric acid with ammonia. However, iron and aluminum impurities, soluble in concentrated phosphoric acid, form gelatinous precipitates or "sludges" in ammonium polyphosphate at pH between 5 and 7.
Other metal impurities such as copper, chromium, magnesium, and zinc form granular precipitates.
However, depending on the degree of polymerization, ammonium polyphosphate can act as a chelating agent to keep certain metal ions dissolved in solution.
Ammonium polyphosphate is used as a food additive, emulsifier, (E number: E545) and as a fertilizer.

Ammonium polyphosphate is also used as a flame retardant in many applications such as paints and coatings, and in a variety of polymers: the most important ones are polyolefins, and particularly polypropylene, where Ammonium polyphosphate is part of intumescent systems.
Compounding with Ammonium polyphosphate-based flame retardants in polypropylene is described in.
Further applications are thermosets, where Ammonium polyphosphate is used in unsaturated polyesters and gel coats (APP blends with synergists), epoxies and polyurethane castings (intumescent systems). Ammonium polyphosphate is also applied to flame retard polyurethane foams.

Ammonium polyphosphates used as flame retardants in polymers have long chains and a specific crystallinity (Form II).
They start to decompose at 240 °C to form ammonia and phosphoric acid.
The phosphoric acid acts as an acid catalyst in the dehydration of carbon-based poly-alcohols, such as cellulose in wood.
The phosphoric acid reacts with alcohol groups to form heat-unstable phosphate esters.
The esters decompose to release carbon dioxide and regenerate the phosphoric acid catalyst.
In the gas phase, the release of non-flammable carbon dioxide helps to dilute the oxygen of the air and flammable decomposition products of the material that is burning.
In the condensed phase, the resultant carbonaceous char helps to shield the underlying polymer from attack by oxygen and radiant heat.
Use as an intumescent is achieved when combined with starch-based materials such as pentaerythritol and melamine as expanding agents.
The mechanisms of intumescence and the mode of action of APP are described in a series of publications.

Ammonium polyphosphate Chemical Properties
Density: 1.74[at 20℃]
Vapor pressure: 0.076Pa at 20℃
Storage temp.: −20°C
Solubility: Aqueous Acid (Slightly)
Form: Solid
Color: White to Off-White
LogP: -2.148 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 68333-79-9
EPA Substance Registry System: Ammonium polyphosphates (68333-79-9)

Uses
Ammonium polyphosphate is a specialty chemical that finds many different uses in key industries.
Ammonium Polyphosphate, is an environment-friendly and halogen-free flame retardant.
Ammonium polyphosphate is the main constituent of many intumescent flame retardant systems: coatings, paints and engineering plastics.
Ammonium polyphosphate is used to prepare 20% Phosphorous/Nitrogen containing flame retardants, Ammonium polyphosphate can be used solely or in conjunction with other materials in the flameproof treatment for textiles, papers, fibers and woods.

Special treatment can be used to prepare 50% high concentration flameproof formulations required for special applications.
The most common ammonium polyphosphate fertilizers have a N-P2O5-K2O (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) composition of 10-34-0 or 11-37-0.
Polyphosphate fertilizers offer the advantage of a high nutrient content in a clear, crystal-free fluid that remains stable within a wide temperature range and stores well for long periods.
A variety of other nutrients mix well with polyphosphate fertilizers, making them excellent carriers of micronutrients typically needed by plants.

Ammonium polyphosphate is a crystalline compound that contains phosphorus pentoxide and diammonium.
Ammonium polyphosphate is used for wastewater treatment, as an additive to plastics, and in the production of paper.
Ammonium polyphosphate can be synthesized from sodium citrate and crystalline cellulose.
The synthesis process involves heating the mixture at temperatures between 300°C and 400°C.
This process will produce a solid product with the desired reactants in the correct stoichiometric ratio.

Ammonium polyphosphate has been found to have synergistic effects when combined with other chemicals, such as enzymes or water-soluble phosphates.
Studies have shown that ammonium polyphosphate improves the ability of enzymes to break down organic matter in biological systems; this may be due to its high water permeability properties.
Ammonium polyphosphate is used as a compound cyclizing agent and an acylating agent in organic synthesis.
Ammonium polyphosphate is also used as a substitute for orthophosphoric acid and an analytical reagent.

Preparation Method
Synthesis method: phosphoric acid and phosphorus pentoxide are heated for polymerization reaction, and hydrogen peroxide is added to remove iron ions in the solution.
After purification, cooling and filtration are carried out to prepare a multi-phosphoric acid product.

Synonyms
10361-65-6
Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:3)
68333-79-9
Ammonium phosphate, tribasic
Triammonium orthophosphate
triazanium;phosphate
Phosphoric acid, triammonium salt
UNII-2ZJF06M0I9
2ZJF06M0I9
EINECS 233-793-9
EINECS 270-200-2
68412-62-4
(NH4)3PO4
triazanium phosphate
APP (fireproofing agent)
Ammonium phosphate tribasic
DTXSID8052778
EXO 462
H3N.1/3H3O4P
ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
EINECS 269-789-9
H3-N.1/3H3-O4-P
Ammonium orthophosphate, superphosphate
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE ((NH4)3PO4)
LS-192343
FT-0698825
EC 269-789-9
Ammonium Phosphate GFAA Matrix Modifier: 10% NH4H2PO4 in 2% HNO3
Pre-Mixed GFAA Matrix Modifier 3: 10 mg/mL NH4H2PO4 & 600 microg/mL Mg(NO3)2 in 2% HNO3

Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) has extensive possibilities in fire prevention.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) can be prepared by reacting concentrated phosphoric acid with ammonia.


CAS Number: 68333-79-9
EC Number: 269-789-9
E number: E452(v) (thickeners, ...)
Chemical formula: [NH4PO3]n(OH)2
Classification: Classified by degree of polymerization



SYNONYMS:
Exolit AP 422, FR CROS 484, CS FR APP 231, Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:3), Triammonium orthophosphate, triazanium;phosphate, Ammonium phosphate, tribasic



Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is one kind of non halogen flame retardant.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) has extensive possibilities in fire prevention.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is a stable and non-volatile compound.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) comes under the category of halogen free flame retardants and works as a smoke suppressant too.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is very cost effective when compared to other halogen free systems.
Lower loading into polymers ensures good retention of mechanical and electrical properties and excellent flow.


Allowing plastics to exhibit excellent processability, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used as an efficient flame retardant in the furniture industry and for interior fabrics for the automotive industry.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia containing both chains and possibly branching.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP)'s chemical formula is H(NH4PO3)nOH showing that each monomer consists of an orthophosphate radical of a phosphorus atom with three oxygens and one negative charge neutralized by an ammonium cation leaving two bonds free to polymerize.
In the branched cases some monomers are missing the ammonium anion and instead link to three other monomers.


The properties of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) depend on the number of monomers in each molecule and to a degree on how often it branches.
Shorter chains (n < 100) are more water sensitive and less thermally stable than longer chains (n > 1000), but short polymer chains (e.g. pyro-, tripoly-, and tetrapoly-) are more soluble and show increasing solubility with increasing chain length.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) can be prepared by reacting concentrated phosphoric acid with ammonia.
However, iron and aluminum impurities, soluble in concentrated phosphoric acid, form gelatinous precipitates or "sludges" in Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) at pH between 5 and 7.


Other metal impurities such as copper, chromium, magnesium, and zinc form granular precipitates.
However, depending on the degree of polymerization, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) can act as a chelating agent to keep certain metal ions dissolved in solution.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP), Cas No 68333-79-9, is an environment-friendly and halogen-free flame retardant.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is the main constituent of many intumescent flame retardant systems: coatings, paints and engineering plastics.
For the chemical point of view, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia.


Depending on the polymerization degree, there are two main families of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP): Crystal phase I APP (or APP I), and Crystal phase II APP (or APP II).
- Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) phase I has a short and linear chain (n < 100), it is more water sensitive (hydrolysis) and less thermally stable; actually it begins to decompose at temperatures above 150 °C.


- The second family of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is the APP Phase II; which has an high polymerization degree, with n>1000, its structure is cross linked (branched), and it is an high-quality non-halogenated flame retardant.
APP phase II, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP), has an higher thermal stability (the decomposition starts at approximately 300°C) and lower water solubility than APP I.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is a non-halogen flame retardant which acts by an intumescence mechanism.
When Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is exposed to fire or heat, it decomposes to polymeric phosphate acid and ammonia.
The polyphosphoric acid reacts with hydroxyl groups to form a nonstable phosphate ester.


Following dehydration of the phosphate ester, a carbon foam is built up on the surface and acts as an insulation layer.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used in plastics such as PP, PVC, PE, polyester, rubber, and expandable fireproof coatings.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is a highly efficient, nontoxic inorganic flame retardant.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) has a low water solubility, and a high phosphorus and nitrogen content.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) has reduced solubility in water.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) has reduced viscosity in water.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) improved dispersibility and compatibility with polymers and resins.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) increased fluidity of powder.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) improved thermal expansion efficiency during inflaming retarding process and insulation performance.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia.
Because it contains phosphorus and nitrogen in its molecule, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) has a good synergistic effect and has a good flame retardant effect.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) can be divided into three types classified by the degree of polymerization: low poly, medium poly and high poly.
The higher the degree of polymerization, the lower the water solubility.
The degree of polymerization of oligomeric Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is less than 20, which is water-soluble.


The polymerization degree of high-polymer Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is greater than 50, which can be used as a flame retardant.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) can be divided into crystalline form and amorphous form classified by its structure.
Crystalline Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is a long-chain water-insoluble polyphosphate.


There are five variants of crystalline Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) from I to V.
Among them, crystal phase II Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) (APP II) has a significant advantage in the field of polymer materials due to its good water insolubility, high decomposition temperature, and good compatibility with polymer materials.


Crystalline Phase I Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) (APP I) is characterized by a variable linear chain length.
In Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) I, n (the number of phosphate units) is usually below 100.
Compared to Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) II, APP I has a lower decomposition temperature (about 150°C) and higher water solubility.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP), halogen free flame retardant.
Typical applications of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP): Intumescent paints, Fire-retardant coating, Flame retardant textile coating, Steel structure fire-retardant, Flame retardant plastics and rubbers.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is a type of flame retardant and intumescent agent.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used to improve the fire resistance of various materials, particularly in industries like plastics, textiles, and construction.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is a long-chain polymeric compound made up of ammonium and phosphate groups.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is typically a white, non-toxic, and non-halogenated powder.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) can also refer to a type of fertilizer.


In this context, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is a compound containing both ammonium (NH4+) and polyphosphate (PO3-) ions.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is commonly used as a source of nitrogen and phosphorus for plant nutrition.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) fertilizers are water-soluble and provide plants with these essential nutrients, which are vital for their growth and development.


The ammonium component in Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) provides a source of nitrogen, while the polyphosphate component supplies phosphorus.
The combination of these nutrients can be particularly beneficial for various crops and plants, promoting healthy root development, flowering, and fruit production.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) fertilizers are available in different formulations, including liquid and granular forms, to suit the specific needs of different crops and soil types.
They are widely used in agriculture to improve crop yields and ensure adequate nutrient supply for plants.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is a simple fertilizer containing nitrogen and a high level of phosphorous.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is a liquid compound fertilizer containing ammonium polyphosphate.
Polyphosphates are formed from multiple phosphate molecules linked in a polymer chain.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) application in liquid form significantly reduces phosphorus fixation in the soil and therefore increases phosphorus uptake.
This occurs due to the gradual hydrolysis of polyphosphates to orthophosphates in the soil as well as the blocking of the active site of calcium carbonate by polyphosphate.



USES and APPLICATIONS of AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP):
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) can be used in top-grade fire-retardant coating, fiberglass and engineering plastic, such as PE, PP, PU, polyester and nylon.
With 15-20% Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) in the adhesive and sealing agent, the good firing resistance is shown.
For PU, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is a very suitable preventing form buring dope without halogen.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is also applicated in hot solidifying resin of epoxy resin or unsaturated resin, etc.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) can be used in coating, paint, rubber, and polyurethane.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used Plastic , Fiber, Rubber, Paper, Wood , Various polymer, Resin, Elastomer , Adhesive , Coating or paint, and Electronic related products.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used as a food additive, emulsifier, (E number: E545) and as a fertilizer.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is also used as a flame retardant in many applications such as paints and coatings, and in a variety of polymers: the most important ones are polyolefins, and particularly polypropylene, where Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is part of intumescent systems.


Compounding with Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP)-based flame retardants in polypropylene is described in.
Further applications are thermosets, where Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used in unsaturated polyesters and gel coats (APP blends with synergists), epoxies and polyurethane castings (intumescent systems).


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is also applied to flame retard polyurethane foams.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used as flame retardants in polymers have long chains and a specific crystallinity (Form II).
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) starts to decompose at 240 °C to form ammonia and phosphoric acid.


The phosphoric acid acts as an acid catalyst in the dehydration of carbon-based poly-alcohols, such as cellulose in wood.
The phosphoric acid reacts with alcohol groups to form heat-unstable phosphate esters.
The esters decompose to release carbon dioxide and regenerate the phosphoric acid catalyst.


In the gas phase, the release of non-flammable carbon dioxide helps to dilute the oxygen of the air and flammable decomposition products of the material that is burning.
In the condensed phase, the resultant carbonaceous char helps to shield the underlying polymer from attack by oxygen and radiant heat.


Use as an intumescent is achieved when combined with starch-based materials such as pentaerythritol and melamine as expanding agents.
The mechanisms of intumescence and the mode of action of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) are described in a series of publications
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used as a flame retardant in many applications such as paints and coatings, and in a variety of polymers: the most important ones are polyolefins, and particularly polypropylene.


Further applications are thermosets, where Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used in unsaturated polyesters and gel coats, epoxies and polyurethane castings.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is also applied to flame retard polyurethane foams.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is widely used in water soluble fire-retardant coating


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) can be applied by spray, dip, or pressure treatment
Aqueous solution of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) used in the fire-retardant treatment for wood (i.e. corrugated board, kraft paper), paper, textile, and fibers.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used solvent based and Water based intumescent coatings.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used flame retardant for polyurethanes, Flame retardant for unsaturated polyesters, Flame retardant for epoxies, and Flame retardant for acrylics.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used fiber materials (paper, wood, fireproof textiles).
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used all kinds of polymers (sunproof, waterproof, or fireproof outdoor materials).
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used fire-refractory building board, coiled material.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used epoxy resin and unsaturated resin.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used cable and rubber, Plastic material of electron device, and Textiles.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) can be used for all applications that our standard APP-201 is suitable for.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) can be used in plastics (PP, PVC, PE, etc.), polyester, rubber, PU foam, and expandable fireproof coatings.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) has lower viscosity and lower solubility (compared to the standard grade APP-201) in water, which could make it suitable for water-fast intumescent systems in polymers (such as PU, PBT, etc.) and paints.


Considering factors such as price and cost, oligomeric water-soluble Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is mainly used for flame retardancy of cellulose materials such as paper and wood.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) has high thermal stability and can be formulated into solution or dry powder fire extinguishing agent, and can also be used in intumescent fire retardant coatings, intumescent flame retardant systems, etc.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) can be used as a flame retardant for polymer materials such as polyolefin, PVC, polyurethane, phenolic resin, and coatings.
In addition to being a flame retardant, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is a novel multifunctional adhesive.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) can reduce the flammability of the sulfur cathode as shown in the figure below.


During the combustion process, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) decomposes to release ammonia/water vapor, and crosslinks to form an insulating polymer layer, which effectively protects the sulfur electrode.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is most commonly used as a flameproof coating for multistory buildings, ships, trains, and cable applications.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used in Flame retardants,
Fertilizers, Food Additives, Polymer Additives, Coatings, Adhesives, and Pharmaceuticals.
The least expensive form of liquid phosphorous, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used as an ingredient in liquid blends or as alone as a high P input.


-Application of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) as a Fire Retardant:
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP)-II is a halogen free fire retardant used in a variety of plastics.
At temperatures above 300 °C Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP)-II decomposes to polyphosphoric acid which dehydrates polyols, carbohydrates and other ROH and RNH containing substances.
Subsequently, the generated char is expanded by water and ammonia to form a foamed up solid heat protective barrier.


-Applications of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) in Agriculture:
APP-II finds application not only as a fertiliser for soil but also as a source of phosphorus.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP)'s composition, rich in polyphosphates, provides a unique advantage in agricultural settings.

The gradual breakdown of polyphosphate chains ensures an immediate as well as a sustained release of phosphorus, offering plants a readily digestible form of this essential nutrient.

This gradual release mechanism aligns with the plants’ uptake capacity, ensuring optimal utilisation while minimising the risk of nutrient leaching or wastage.
As a result, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP)-II stands as a versatile solution for promoting robust plant growth and enhancing soil fertility over time.



ADVANTAGES OF AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP):
*Enables broad time frame for application
*Requires no moisture for dissolving due to its liquid form
*Ensures prolonged phosphorus nutrition
*Provides great efficiencyof a phosphate fertilizer
*Provides efficient use in lowdoses
*Suitable for foliar and root application



BENEFITS OF AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP):
water soluble and formaldehyde free



ADVANTAGES OF AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP):
(1)High degree of polymerization up to 1300, excellent performance of fire protection in intumescent systems, has more wide range of application than low polymerization APP.
(2)Initial decomposition temperature 280 degree Celsius, action time earlier than other common Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP)
(3)Low water solubility, high polymerizaiton and intial decompostion temperature make Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) good compatibility.



BENEFITS OF AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP):
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) offers several benefits depending on its application:

*Flame Retardancy:
In flame retardant applications, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is highly effective at reducing the flammability of materials.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) releases ammonia when exposed to high temperatures, which dilutes flammable gases and hinders combustion.

Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) also creates a protective char layer that acts as a barrier to further combustion.
This is crucial for improving fire safety in various industries, including construction, textiles, and electronics.


*Smoke Suppression:
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) not only reduces the likelihood of a material catching fire but also helps minimize smoke production during a fire.
This can be critical in enhancing safety by improving visibility during an emergency and reducing the inhalation of toxic smoke.


*Nutrient Supply:
In the context of fertilizers, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) provides essential nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) to plants.
This can lead to increased crop yields, healthier plant growth, improved flowering, and enhanced fruit production.


*Water Solubility:
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) fertilizers are water-soluble, making it easier to apply and deliver nutrients to plants efficiently.


*Versatility:
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) can be used in various forms, such as liquids or granules, depending on the specific needs of different crops and soils.
Its versatility allows Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) to be used in a wide range of agricultural applications.


*Non-Halogenated:
As a flame retardant, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is often preferred over halogenated flame retardants, which can release toxic byproducts when burned.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) does not contain halogens, making it a more environmentally friendly option.


*Low Toxicity:
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is generally considered to have low toxicity, which is advantageous when used in applications where human or environmental exposure is a concern.


*Stability:
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is stable under normal storage conditions, which ensures that it remains effective and safe for handling until it is used.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP):
Chemical formula: [NH4PO3]n(OH)2
Molar mass: 97.01 g/mol
Appearance: white powder
Density: 1.9 g/cm3; bulk density = 0.7 g/cm3
Whiteness: 92.0 Min
pH (10% slurry - 25°C): 5.5-7.5
Acid Value (KOH mg/1g): 1.0 Max
Solubility in water (25°C, g/100ml H2O): 0.50 Max
Nitrogen (w/w%): 14.0-15.0
Phosphorus (P, w/w%): 31.0-32.0
Thermal decomposition onset (°C): 285 Min
Form: Liquid
Colour: Colourless or white Liquid

CAS No.: 68333-79-9
HS Code: 28353900
Appearance: Solid Extra Fine Powder
Composition: Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP)
Bulk density (25°C, kg/L): 0.7
Density (25°C, kg/L): 1.9
Phosphorus content (% w/w): 68
Nitrogen content (% w/w): 14.0-15.0
pH (10% suspension): 5.5-7.0
Decomposed temp. on heat (°C): ≥280
Mean polymerization Ñ: ≤1500
Mean particle diameter (µm): ≤10.0
Molecular Formula: (NH4PO3)n
Density: 1.74 g/cm³
Solubility: Appearance: White powder



FIRST AID MEASURES of AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is a kind of high quality, high efficiency and non-toxic nitrogen and phosphorus non halogen flame retardant.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is a good fireproof additive for all kinds of intumescent fire retardant coatings and flame retardant products.


CAS Number: 68333-79-9
MDL Number:MFCD00241367
E number: E452(v) (thickeners, ...)
Chemical formula: [NH4PO3]n(OH)2



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Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) water soluble and formaldehyde free.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1), Cas No 68333-79-9, is an environment-friendly and halogen-free flame retardant.
From the chemical point of view, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia.


Depending on the polymerization degree, there are two main families of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1): Crystal phase I APP (or APP I), and Crystal phase II APP (or APP II).
- Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) phase I has a short and linear chain (n < 100), it is more water sensitive (hydrolysis) and less thermally stable; actually it begins to decompose at temperatures above 150 °C.


- The second family of Ammonium polyphosphate is the APP Phase II; which has an high polymerization degree, with n>1000, its structure is cross linked (branched), and it is an high-quality non-halogenated flame retardant.
APP phase II, Ammonium polyphosphate, has an higher thermal stability (the decomposition starts at approximately 300°C) and lower water solubility than APP I.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is a specialty chemical that finds many different uses in key industries.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is also called ammonium polyphosphate.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is a kind of high quality, high efficiency and non-toxic nitrogen and phosphorus non halogen flame retardant.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is a good fireproof additive for all kinds of intumescent fire retardant coatings and flame retardant products.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia.
Because Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) contains phosphorus and nitrogen in its molecule, it has a good synergistic effect and has a good flame retardant effect.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is classified by degree of polymerization
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) can be divided into three types classified by the degree of polymerization: low poly, medium poly and high poly.
The higher the degree of polymerization, the lower the water solubility.


The degree of polymerization of oligomeric Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is less than 20, which is water-soluble.
The polymerization degree of high-polymer Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is greater than 50, which can be used as a flame retardant.
In life, few people should have heard of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) this thing, it is abbreviated as the APP.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is a inorganic salt made up of polyphosphate and ammonia.
The chain length of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is both variable and branched, and can be greater than 1000.
Short-chain and linear chain Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) are more sensitive and have lower thermal stability than long-chain Apps, which show very low water solubility.


Optical Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is a stable, non-volatile compound.
When in contact with the water Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1), it is slowly hydrolyzed into ammonium phosphate.
Higher temperatures and prolonged water exposure can accelerate hydrolysis.


The long chain Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) begins to decompose into polyphosphate and ammonia at temperatures above 300°c.
The short-chain Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) will begin to decompose at temperatures above the temp.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is a colorless transparent viscous liquid.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) has deliquescence.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) can be miscible with water and hydrolyzed to orthophosphoric acid without crystallization.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is a halogen-free flame retardant polymerized with ammonium phosphate.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is divided into two grades, APP101 with good moisture resistance and APP102 with excellent weather resistance.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is an environment-friendly, non-toxic, halogen-free flame retardant, chemically Ammonium Polyphosphate is an organic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) – these are short, linear chain APP’s.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) behaves as a flame retardant in an intumescent coating with the presence of other chemicals.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) has a high phosphorous and nitrogen content, a high polymerization degree, low water solubility, good thermal stability, and low toxicity.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) has a lower phosphorous and higher nitrogen content than KYLIN APP1, high water solubility and good compatibility with other flame retardants and auxiliary chemicals.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia containing both chains and possibly branching.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1)'s chemical formula is H(NH4PO3)nOH showing that each monomer consists of an orthophosphate radical of a phosphorus atom with three oxygens and one negative charge neutralized by an ammonium cation leaving two bonds free to polymerize.
In the branched cases some monomers are missing the ammonium anion and instead link to three other monomers.


The properties of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) depend on the number of monomers in each molecule and to a degree on how often it branches.
Shorter chains (n < 100) are more water sensitive and less thermally stable than longer chains (n > 1000), but short polymer chains (e.g. pyro-, tripoly-, and tetrapoly-) are more soluble and show increasing solubility with increasing chain length.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) can be prepared by reacting concentrated phosphoric acid with ammonia.
However, iron and aluminum impurities, soluble in concentrated phosphoric acid, form gelatinous precipitates or "sludges" in Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) at pH between 5 and 7.


Other metal impurities such as copper, chromium, magnesium, and zinc form granular precipitates.
However, depending on the degree of polymerization, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) can act as a chelating agent to keep certain metal ions dissolved in solution.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is liquid fertilizers with compositions up to 11-37-0, manufactured by the reaction of anhydrous ammonia with superphosphoric acid.
Superphosphoric acid is made by the concentration of regular wet-process acid up to P2O5 concentrations of 78%.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is an organic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia.
As a chemical, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is non-toxic, environmentally friendly and halogen-free.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is most commonly used as a flame retardant, selection of the specific grade of ammonium polyphosphate can be determined by the solubility, Phosphorus content, chain length and polymerization degree.


The chain length (n) of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) can be linear or branched.
Depending on the polymerization degree, there are two main families of ammonium polyphosphate: Crystal phase I APP (or APP I), and Crystal phase II APP (or APP II).


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) has a short and linear chain (n < 100), it is more water sensitive (hydrolysis) and less thermally stable; actually it begins to decompose at temperatures above 150 °C.
The second family of Ammonium polyphosphate is the APP Phase II; which has an high polymerization degree, with n>1000, its structure is cross linked (branched), and it is an high-quality non-halogenated flame retardant.
APP phase II, Ammonium polyphosphate, has an higher thermal stability (the decomposition starts at approximately 300°C) and lower water solubility than APP I.



USES and APPLICATIONS of AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP-1):
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is widely used in water soluble fire-retardant coating
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) can be applied by spray, dip, or pressure treatment
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is used aqueous solution used in the fire-retardant treatment for wood (i.e. corrugated board, kraft paper), paper, textile, and fibers.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) can be used in expanding fireproof material, such as polyurethane, UF resin and epoxy resin.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is also can be used in the retardant of fiber, wood and plastic.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is main ingredient of expanding retardant thermoplastic because of its high molecular weight and good heat stability.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1)is used for electronic unit made from PP shall be achieved with loading this product.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is used the main constituent of many intumescent flame retardant systems: coatings, paints and engineering plastics.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1), is an environment-friendly and halogen-free flame retardant.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is the main constituent of many intumescent flame retardant systems: coatings, paints and engineering plastics.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is used to prepare 20% Phosphorous/Nitrogen containing flame retardants, it can be used solely or in conjunction with other materials in the flameproof treatment for textiles, papers, fibers and woods.


Special treatment can be used to prepare 50% high concentration flameproof formulations required for special applications.
The most common Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) fertilizers have a N-P2O5-K2O (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) composition of 10-34-0 or 11-37-0.
Polyphosphate fertilizers offer the advantage of a high nutrient content in a clear, crystal-free fluid that remains stable within a wide temperature range and stores well for long periods.


A variety of other nutrients mix well with polyphosphate fertilizers, making them excellent carriers of micronutrients typically needed by plants.
Considering factors such as price and cost, oligomeric water-soluble Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is mainly used for flame retardancy of cellulose materials such as paper and wood.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) has high thermal stability and can be formulated into solution or dry powder fire extinguishing agent, and can also be used in intumescent fire retardant coatings, intumescent flame retardant systems, etc.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) can be used as a flame retardant for polymer materials such as polyolefin, PVC, polyurethane, phenolic resin, and coatings.


In addition to being a flame retardant, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is a novel multifunctional adhesive.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) has an excellent flame-retardant effect in cellulose-containing materials such as paper and wood products. With chipboard products, the DIN EN 13501-1 classification can be achieved by adding 15 – 20 % Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1).


Because of its high heat stability, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is an essential component in intumescent formulations for thermoplastics, particularly polypropylene, for which the classification UL 94-V0 is specified for applications in the electrical sector.
Casting resins based on epoxy resins or unsaturated polyester resins achieve the classification UL 94-V0 with Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1).


On account of its low water solubility, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is particularly suitable as an ”acid donor” for intumescent coatings.
Other essential components of intumescent systems include a binder, a carbon donor (e.g. pentaerythritol) and a blowing agent (e.g. melamine).
On exposure to flame, intumescent coatings form a carbonaceous foam which effectively shields the underlying material from temperature increases.


Steel structures coated with intumescent paints can meet the requirements of fire resistance classes specified in EN, DIN, BS, ASTM and others.
The application of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) based intumescent coatings on wood or plastics enables these materials to qualify for Building Material Class B (DIN EN 13501-1).


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) imparts a good flame-retardant effect to adhesives and sealants when it is incorporated into the base formulation at the rate of 10 – 20 %.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) can also be used as flame retardants for many applications, such as paints and coatings, as well as a variety of polymers: the most important is polyolefin, especially polypropylene, where the application is part of the expansion system.


With the description of application-based flame retardant composites in polypropylene, further applications include the application of thermosetting, unsaturated polyester and gel coatings, epoxy resins and polyurethane castings.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is also suitable for flame-retardant polyurethane foams.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is used to prepare a number of high-efficiency expanding flameproof coatings used in the construction industry, ships, trains, cables etc.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is also suitable for the flameproof treatment of wood, plywood, fiberboard, paper, fibers…


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) can be used for foaming fireproof materials, such as polyurethane, UF resin, epoxy resin, fibers, wood and plastics etc. It is also used as a flame retardant for fibers, wood and plastics etc.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is the main composition of intumescent flame retardant (IFR).


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is used to prepare 20% Phosphorous/Nitrogen-containing flame retardants, it can be used solely or in conjunction with other materials in the flameproof treatment for textiles, papers, fibers and woods.
Special treatment can be used to prepare 50% high concentration flameproof formulations required for special applications


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) has a lower phosphorous and higher nitrogen content than KYLIN APP1, very high water solubility (over 150 grams in 100ml of water at 25°C) and good compatibility with other flame retardants.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) can be used solely or in conjunction with other materials in the flameproof treatment for textiles, papers, fibers, and woods.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is a highly efficient, nontoxic inorganic flame retardant.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) has a low water solubility, and a high phosphorus and nitrogen content.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is most commonly used as a flameproof coating for multistory buildings, ships, trains, and cable applications.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is an ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant mainly used in Plastic(PP, PE, PA, PVC, PBT), PU, Rubber, Paint, coating, laminates and reinforced materials.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is a non-halogen flame retardant which acts by an intumescence mechanism.


When Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is exposed to fire or heat, it decomposes to polymeric phosphate acid and ammonia.
The polyphosphoric acid reacts with hydroxyl groups to form a nonstable phosphate ester.
Following dehydration of the phosphate ester, a carbon foam is built up on the surface and acts as an insulation layer.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is used in plastics such as PP, PVC, PE, polyester, rubber, and expandable fireproof coatings.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is a specialty chemical that finds many different uses in key industries.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1), is an environment-friendly and halogen-free flame retardant.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is used the main constituent of many intumescent flame retardant systems: coatings, paints and engineering plastics.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is used to prepare 20% Phosphorous/Nitrogen containing flame retardants, it can be used solely or in conjunction with other materials in the flameproof treatment for textiles, papers, fibers and woods.


Special treatment can be used to prepare 50% high concentration flameproof formulations required for special applications.
The most common Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) fertilizers have a N-P2O5-K2O (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) composition of 10-34-0 or 11-37-0.
Polyphosphate fertilizers offer the advantage of a high nutrient content in a clear, crystal-free fluid that remains stable within a wide temperature range and stores well for long periods.


A variety of other nutrients mix well with polyphosphate fertilizers, making them excellent carriers of micronutrients typically needed by plants.
Granular polyphosphates suitable for bulk blending are made by reacting ammonia with regular wet process acid of 52% P2O5 content and using the heat of reaction to drive off water to produce a phosphate melt of 10-43-0, with about 40% of the phosphorus in the polyphosphate form.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is a stable and non-volatile compound.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) comes under the category of halogen free flame retardants and works as a smoke suppressant too.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1)is very cost effective when compared to other halogen free systems.


Lower loading into polymers ensures good retention of mechanical and electrical properties and excellent flow.
Allowing plastics to exhibit excellent processability, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is used as an efficient flame retardant in the furniture industry and for interior fabrics for the automotive industry.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is used as a food additive, emulsifier, (E number: E545) and as a fertilizer.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is also used as a flame retardant in many applications such as paints and coatings, and in a variety of polymers: the most important ones are polyolefins, and particularly polypropylene, where APP is part of intumescent systems.


Compounding with Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1)-based flame retardants in polypropylene is described in.
Further applications are thermosets, where Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is used in unsaturated polyesters and gel coats (APP blends with synergists), epoxies and polyurethane castings (intumescent systems).


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is also applied to flame retard polyurethane foams.
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is used as flame retardants in polymers have long chains and a specific crystallinity (Form II).
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) starts to decompose at 240 °C to form ammonia and phosphoric acid.


The phosphoric acid acts as an acid catalyst in the dehydration of carbon-based poly-alcohols, such as cellulose in wood.
The phosphoric acid reacts with alcohol groups to form heat-unstable phosphate esters.
The esters decompose to release carbon dioxide and regenerate the phosphoric acid catalyst.


In the gas phase, the release of non-flammable carbon dioxide helps to dilute the oxygen of the air and flammable decomposition products of the material that is burning.
In the condensed phase, the resultant carbonaceous char helps to shield the underlying polymer from attack by oxygen and radiant heat.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is used as an intumescent is achieved when combined with starch-based materials such as pentaerythritol and melamine as expanding agents.
The mechanisms of intumescence and the mode of action of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) are described in a series of publications.
Inorganic additive flame retardant, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is used in the manufacture of flame retardant coatings, flame retardant plastics and flame retardant rubber products, etc.


Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is mainly used in intumescent fire retardant coatings and thermosetting resins (such as polyurethane rigid foam, UP resin, epoxy resin, etc.), and can also be used for flame retardant of fiber, wood and rubber products.
Since the Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) has a high molecular weight (n>1000) and high stability, it can also be used as a main active ingredient of intumescent flame retardant thermoplastics, especially in PP up to UL 94-Vo for the manufacture of electronic parts.



POLYURETHANE FOAMS OF AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP-1):
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is a suitable non-halogenated flame retardant for polyurethane foams.
If handling of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) as a solid is not possible we recommend the dosage of the flame retardant by preparing an Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1)/polyol-suspension.

Because of the low acid number of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1), it is also possible to incorporate this flame retardant in an Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1)/isocyanate suspension.
To prevent the solids from settling, the Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) suspensions should be stirred or circulated by pump.
The stirrers commonly found in service tanks are adequate for this purpose.



FLAME RETARDANT MECHANISM OF AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP-1):
When phosphorus flame retardant (PFR) burns, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) generates phosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, polymetaphosphoric acid, etc., which are covered on the surface of the resin to promote the carbonization of the plastic surface to form a carbon film.
The polymetaphosphoric acid is covered in a viscous liquid state on the surface of the plastic.

The solid or liquid membrane prevents the escape of free radicals and keeps out oxygen.
In addition, PFRs are also a free radical scavenger. Using mass spectrometry technology, it was found that any phosphorus-containing compounds have PO· formed when the polymer is burned.
It can combine with the hydrogen atoms in the flame area to suppress the flame.



CHARACTERISTICS OF AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP-1):
1. Powder solid, stable property, convenient for transportation, storage and use;
2. pH value is neutral, safe and stable during production and use, good compatibleness, not to react with other flame retardant and auxiliary;
3. High P-N content, appropriate proportion, excellent synergistic effect and reasonable price.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP-1):
Physical and Chemical Properties
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) can be divided into three types based on its degree of polymerization: low polymer, medium polymer, and high polymer.
The higher the degree of polymerization, the smaller the water solubility.
According to its structure, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) can be divided into crystalline and amorphous types.
Crystalline Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is water insoluble and long-chain polyphosphate. There are five variants from I to V type.



FEATURES OF AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP-1):
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) flame retardant differs from most other commercial products in the following ways:‐ greatly reduced solubility in water.‐ lower viscosity in aqueous suspensions.‐ lower viscosity in PU polyol suspensions.‐ very low acid number.



CHARACTERISTICS OF AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP-1):
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) has strong moisture resistance, alkaline pH value and low water solubility after surface treatment.



CLASSIFIED BY STRUCTURE OF AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP-1):
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) can be divided into crystalline form and amorphous form classified by its structure.
Crystalline Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is a long-chain water-insoluble polyphosphate.
There are five variants of crystalline APP from I to V.

Among them, crystal phase II APP (APP II) has a significant advantage in the field of polymer materials due to its good water insolubility, high decomposition temperature, and good compatibility with polymer materials.
Crystalline Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) is characterized by a variable linear chain length.

Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1), n (the number of phosphate units) is usually below 100.
Compared to APP II, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-1) has a lower decomposition temperature (about 150°C) and higher water solubility.



PREPARATION METHOD OF AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP-1):
*synthesis method:
phosphoric acid and phosphorus pentoxide are heated for polymerization reaction, and hydrogen peroxide is added to remove iron ions in the solution.
After purification, cooling and filtration are carried out to prepare a multi-phosphoric acid product.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP-1):
Chemical formula: [NH4PO3]n(OH)2
Molar mass: 97.01 g/mol
Appearance: white powder
Density: 1,9 g/cm3; bulk density = 0,7 g/cm3
CBNumber:CB2855556
Molecular Formula:H12N3O4P
Molecular Weight:149.086741
MDL Number:MFCD00241367
MOL File:68333-79-9.mol
Density: 1.74[at 20℃]
vapor pressure: 0.076Pa at 20℃
storage temp.: −20°C
solubility: Aqueous Acid (Slightly)
form: Solid
color: White to Off-White
LogP: -2.148 (est)

CAS DataBase Reference: 68333-79-9
EPA Substance Registry System: Ammonium polyphosphates (68333-79-9)
Appearance: White free-flowing powder
Whiteness: 92.0 Min
pH (10% slurry -25°C): 5.5-7.5
Acid Value, KOH mg/1g: 1.0 Max
Solubility in water (25°C), g/100ml H2O: 0.50 Max
Nitrogen, w/w%: 14.0-15.0
Phosphorus (P), w/w%: 31.0-32.0
Thermal decomposition onset, °C 285 Min
Average Particle Size, D50, µm: About 15
Appearance: White free-flowing powder
Whiteness: 92.0 Min
pH (10% slurry -25°C): 5.5-7.5

Acid Value, KOH mg/1g: 1.0 Max
Solubility in water (25°C), g/100ml H2O: 0.50 Max
Nitrogen, w/w%: 14.0-15.0
Phosphorus (P), w/w%: 31.0-32.0
Thermal decomposition onset, °C: 285 Min
Average Particle Size, D50, µm: About 15
Cas No. :68333-79-9
Quantity: 5000Metric Tons
Specs:Flame retardant
Price:3.2 USD Kilograms
Payment Method: TT OR LC
Ammonium polyphosphate (APP-1 )
Molecular Formula: (NH4PO3)n
Appearance : White powder
Cas No.68333-79-9
Specifications:
P (%): 31-32
N (%): 14 min

Degree of polymerization: 1500 min
Density (g/cm3): 1.9(g/cm3)
Decomposition temperature: 275℃ max
Solubility in water (25℃g/100mlH2O): 0.2 g max
Viscosity (25°C in 10%suspension): 100 mpa.s max
PH: 5.5~7.5
Average particle size: 15um max
CAS: 68333-79-9
EINECS: 269-789-9
Molecular Formula: H12N3O4P
Molar Mass: 149.086741
Density: 1.74[at 20℃]
Vapor Presure: 0.076Pa at 20℃
Appearance: White powder
Storage Condition: −20°C



FIRST AID MEASURES of AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP-1):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP-1):
-Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust.
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP-1):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP-1):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Face shield and safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.



HANDLING and STORAGE of AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP-1):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Sensitive to carbon dioxide Handle and store under inert gas.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (APP-1):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

AMMONIUM SULFITE, N° CAS : 10196-04-0, Nom INCI : AMMONIUM SULFITE, Nom chimique : Ammonium sulphite, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 233-484-9, Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur.Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent bouclant ou lissant (coiffant) : Modifie la structure chimique des cheveux, pour les coiffer dans le style requis. Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques. Agent réducteur : Modifie la nature chimique d'une autre substance en ajoutant de l'hydrogène ou en éliminant l'oxygène

AMMONIUM SULFATE; AMMONIUM SULFATE, 2.0 M; AMMONIUM SULFATE REAGENT; AMMONIUM SULPHATE; AMMONIUM SULPHATE SOLUTION NO 1; AMMONIUM SULPHATE SOLUTION NO 2; Diammonium sulfate; (NH4)2 SO4; actamaster; ammoniumsulfate(2:1); ammoniumsulfate(solution); caswellno.048; diammoniumsulphate; dolamin; epapesticidechemicalcode00560; mascagnite; nsc77671; sulfatomammoniya; sulfatomammoniya(russian); Sulfuricacid,diammoniumsalt CAS NO:7783-20-2

CAS Number: 9046-01-9; Nom INCI : AMMONIUM TRIDECETH-6 PHOSPHATE, Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. 2-(Tridecyloxy)ethyl dihydrogen phosphate , PHOSPHORIC ACID, (ETHOXYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL) ESTERS; POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-TRIDECYL-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY-, PHOSPHATE; POLYETHYLENEGLYCOLTRIDECYL ETHER PHOSPHATE; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED AND PHOSPHATED; 2-(Tridecyloxy)ethyldihydrogenphosphat [German] ; 9046-01-9 [RN]; Dihydrogénophosphate de 2-(tridécyloxy)éthyle [French] ; Ethanol, 2-(tridecyloxy)-, dihydrogen phosphate ; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate; 2-(TRIDECYLOXY)ETHOXYPHOSPHONIC ACID. 2-(tricylcoxy) ethyl dihydrogen phosphate; PEG-10 Tridecyl ether phosphate; PEG-3 Tridecyl ether phosphate; PEG-6 Tridecyl ether phosphate; Phosphoric acid, (ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol) esters; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-, phosphate; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate; Polyethylene glycol (3) tridecyl ether phosphate; Polyethylene glycol 300 tridecyl ether phosphate; Polyethylene glycol 500 tridecyl ether phosphate; Polyethylene glycol tridecyl ether phosphate; polyethyleneglycol tridecyl ether phosphate; Polyoxyethylene (10) tridecyl ether phosphate; Polyoxyethylene (3) tridecyl ether phosphate; Polyoxyethylene (6) tridecyl ether phosphate; Trideceth-10 phosphate; Trideceth-3 phosphate; Trideceth-6 phosphate : 2-(tridecyloxy)ethyl dihydrogen phosphate; 2-Tridecoxyethyl dihydrogen phosphate; alcohol C10-16 ethoxy phosphate; alkyl alkoxy phosphate; diethyl glycol tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate phosphate ester; Organic phosphate ester, free acid; Phosphoric acid ester with tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated~; poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-, fosfát; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanedicyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-, phosphate; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, phosphate; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-, phosphate; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-, phosphate (3-20 EO); Poly(oxy-1.2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-, phosphate; polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate; Polyoxyethylene Tridecyl Ether Phosphate; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED, PHOSPHATED

N° CAS : 7664-41-7 , Ammoniaque, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : AMMONIA,Nom chimique : Ammonia, anhydrous, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-635-3, Ses fonctions (INCI): Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit

Ammonium benzoate; ammonium salt of benzoic acid; Benzoic acid ammonium salt; Ammonium benzoicum; ammoniumbenzoat; Benzoic acid, ammonium salt (1:1) CAS NO: 1863-63-4

NA-9080;vulnocab;Vulnoc ABS;Amoniumbenzoate;Azanium benzoate;AMMONIUM BENZOATE;Ammonium benzoate EMPLURA;AmmoniumBenzoateExtraPure;AMMONIUMBENZOATE,PURIFIED;BENZOIC ACID AMMONIUM SALT Cas no: 1863-63-4

Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate; Carbonic Acid, Monoammonium Salt; Monoammonium Carbonate; Acid Ammonium Carbonate CAS NO: 1066-33-7

Hydrobromic Acid Monoammoniate;azanium;bromide; ammonium bromatum; ammoniumbromide cas no: 12124-97-9

cas no: 3179-76-8 3-Aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane; 3-(Diethoxymethylsilyl)propylamine; 3-Aminopropyl-methyl-diethoxysilane; 3-(Diethoxy(methyl)silyl)propan-1-amine; Silane, (3-aminopropyl)diethoxymethyl-; gamma-Aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane; PROPYLAMINE, 3-(DIETHOXYMETHYLSILYL)-; Aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane;

Ammonium dodecyl sulfate; Sulfuric acid, monododecyl ester, ammonium salt; Dodecyl ester of sulfuric acid, ammonium salt; Dodecyl sulfate ammonium salt; Ammoniumdodecylsulfat; Sulfato de amonio y dodecilo; Sulfate d'ammonium et de dodécyle CAS NO:2235-54-3

Amino Trimethylene Phosphonic Acid; Amino Tri(Methylene Phosphonic Acid); Tris(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) Amine; Nitrilotrimethylphosphonic Acid(NTP); Nitrilotrimethylenetris(Phosphonic Acid); ATMP;ATMPA;AMP CAS NO:6419-19-8

AMMONIUM BICARBONATE; Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate; Carbonic Acid, Monoammonium Salt; Monoammonium Carbonate; Acid Ammonium Carbonate cas no: 1066-33-7

Ammonium Diethylene glycol Lauryl Ether Sulfate; Ammonium Laureth Sulfate; Alpha-sulfo-omega-(Dodecyloxy)-Poly(Oxy- 1,2- ethanediyl) Ammonium Salt CAS NO : 32612-48-9

SYNONYMSAmmonium Diethylene glycol Lauryl Ether Sulfate;Ammonium Laureth Sulfate; Alpha-sulfo-omega-(Dodecyloxy)-Poly(Oxy- 1,2- ethanediyl) Ammonium Salt; CAS NO:32612-48-9

No CAS: 2235-54-3, Ammonium lauryl sulfate, Ammonium dodecyl sulfate, - Sulfuric acid, monododecyl ester, ammonium salt, - Ammonium dodecyl sulfate, -Ammonium n-dodecyl sulfate, - Lauryl ammonium sulfate Le laurylsulfate d'ammonium ou sulfate de lauryle ammonium (SLA), en anglais ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS), est une dénomination générique désignant une famille de molécules (les alkylsulfates ou sulfates alkylés], de formule semi-développée CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3NH4, appartenant à 3 classes d'organosulfates structurellement proches d'autres agents de surface anioniques. Le laurylsulfate d'ammonium ou sulfate de lauryle ammonium (SLA), en anglais ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS), est une dénomination générique désignant une famille de molécules (les alkylsulfates ou sulfates alkylés], de formule semi-développée CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3NH4, appartenant à 3 classes d'organosulfates structurellement proches d'autres agents de surface anioniques. (Remarque : on parle d'alkylsulfates à chaîne courte quand leur squelette porte 12 à 14 atomes de carbone et à chaîne longue quand ils en ont plus). Ces molécules peuvent se lier chimiquement avec des parties non-polaires d'autres molécules tandis que leur tête (ion sulfate, très polaire) se lie avec des molécules polaires (dont les molécules d'eau). Le SLA est classé comme un sulfate alkylé anionique ; c'est un puissant surfactant5. À partir d'une certaine température (dite température de Krafft ou point de Krafft), les forces de Van der Waals lui font adopter la forme de micelles autour des molécules polaires en suspension dans l'eau. Les SLA sont étiquetés "Irritant Xi" (R38: Irritant pour la peau, R41: Risque de lésions oculaires graves). Les produits qui en contiennent des quantités significatives (gel douche ou un shampooing) doivent être bien rincés après avoir été appliqués sur la peau. Les SLA étant biodégradables à 95 %, on leur adjoint souvent d'autres molécules biocides

Ammonium Lignosulfonate; Lignosulfonic acid, ammonium salt; cas no: 8061-53-8

Peroxydisulfuric Acid Diammonium Salt; Ammonium Peroxodisulfate; Ammonium Peroxydisulfate; diammonium peroxodisulfate CAS NO:7727-54-0

YC 81; DC 100A; stearates; Ligafluid; Stokal STA; Stanfax 320; Nopco DC 100A; Nopcote DC 100A; Kanebinol YC 81; Ligafluid AS 35; AMMONIUM STEARATE; stearated’ammonium; Ammoniumstearat, rein; Stearic ammonium salt; ammoniumoctadecanoate; ammoniumstearate,pure; stearicacid,ammoniumsalt; Octadecanoicacid,ammoniumsalt; Octadecanoic acid,aMMoniuM salt (1:1) CAS NO:1002-89-7

Ammonium propionate; Propanoic acid, ammonium salt (1:1); Calcium Propionate, Magnesium Propionate, Potassium Propionate; Sodium Propionate CAS NO :17496-08-1

AMODIMETHICONE,aminofunctional polysiloxan, N° CAS : 71750-80-6,Dimethylsiloxane, polymer, (((3-((2-aminoethyl)amino)propyl)-dimethoxysilyl)oxy)-terminated; Classification : Silicone, L'amodimethicone est un silicone dérivé du dimethicone, utilisé principalement dans les shampooings et soins capillaires pour ses propriétés électrostatiques. Il rend les cheveux doux, faciles à coiffer et brillants. L'avantage de ce silicone par rapport au dimethicone est que, bien qu'il soit difficile à enlever avec un shampooing, il évite que d'autres polymères du même type ne puissent se "re-déposer" sur lui-même, ainsi l'accumulation décriée avec le dimethicone, qui rend le cheveux lourd, n'existe plus ici. Tout comme le dimethicone, la molécule ne pose pas de problème particulier sur la santé humaine (directement en tout cas). Toutefois, elle est peu biodégradable et son impact sur la planète tant du point de vue de sa fabrication que de son rejet dans la nature n'est pas négligeable.Ses fonctions (INCI). Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance

Ammonium Thiocyanate; Thiocyanic acid ammonium salt; Amthio; Ammonium isothiocyanate; Ammonium sulfocanide; Ammonium sulphocyanide; Ammonium rhodanide; Ammonium sulphocyanate; Ammonium rhodonide; Amthio; Ammonium sulfocyanate; Rhodanine ammonium salt; cas no: 1762-95-4

AMMONIUM THIOGLYCOLATE; Ammonium Mercaptoacetate; Mercapto-Acetic Acid; Monoammonium Salt; Thioglycollic Acid, Ammonium Salt;Perm salt; Ammonium thioglycolate solution; Thioglycollic acid, ammonium salt CAS NO:5421-46-5

SLES alternatifi, yüksek köpük özellikli, iritasyonu SLES'ten daha düşük yüzey aktif

Tris(phosphonomethyl)amine; NTF; ATMP; Amino tris(methanephosphonic acid); Briquest 301-500; Budex 5130; Dequest 2000; Dowell L 37; Ferrofos 509; Masquol P 320; Mayoquest 1320; NTMP; NTPA; Nitrilotrismethylenetriphosphonic acid; Nitrilotris(methylene) Triphosphonic acidr; Nitrilotris(methylphosphonic acid); AMP; ATMP; Aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid; (Nitrilotris(methylene))triphosphonic acid; P,P',P''-(Nitrilotris(methylene))trisphosphonic acid CAS NO:6419-19-8

Amodimethicone is a clear to pale yellow liquid.
Amodimethicone is a modified silicone polymer.
Amodimethicone is a water-soluble silicone that can provide conditioning and detangling benefits to hair.

CAS Number: 71750-80-6



APPLICATIONS


Amodimethicone is commonly used in hair care products as a conditioning agent.
Amodimethicone can help reduce hair breakage and improve overall hair health.
Amodimethicone can also make hair easier to comb and style.

Amodimethicone can provide a smoothing effect to hair, reducing frizz and flyaways.
Amodimethicone is often used in leave-in conditioners and detangling sprays.

Amodimethicone can be added to shampoos and conditioners to enhance their conditioning properties.
Amodimethicone can also be used in hair serums and styling products.

Amodimethicone can help protect hair from damage caused by heat styling tools.
Amodimethicone is a popular ingredient in hair treatments and masks.
Amodimethicone can help improve the overall texture and appearance of hair.

Amodimethicone can be used in skin care products as a moisturizer.
Amodimethicone can help improve the texture and feel of skin.

Amodimethicone can also be used in sunscreens to improve their water resistance.
Amodimethicone can help prevent the sunscreen from washing off in water.
Amodimethicone can be used in makeup products as a skin-conditioning agent.

Amodimethicone can help improve the overall appearance and texture of the skin.
Amodimethicone can be added to lotions and creams to enhance their moisturizing properties.

Amodimethicone can help prevent dryness and improve skin hydration.
Amodimethicone can be used in bath and shower products as a conditioning agent.
Amodimethicone can help improve the feel and texture of the skin after bathing.

Amodimethicone can be added to deodorants to improve their texture and feel.
Amodimethicone can help prevent skin irritation caused by deodorants.

Amodimethicone can be used in fragrances to improve their texture and longevity.
Amodimethicone can help the fragrance last longer on the skin.
Amodimethicone is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a wide range of personal care products.


Amodimethicone is widely used in the personal care industry for hair and skin care applications due to its unique properties.

Some of its applications are:

Hair conditioners:
Amodimethicone is often used in hair conditioners to help detangle hair and improve its manageability.

Hair serums:
Amodimethicone is used as an ingredient in hair serums to add shine and protect hair from damage caused by heat styling tools.
Shampoos: Amodimethicone is used in shampoos to help control frizz and improve the texture of hair.

Hair sprays:
Amodimethicone can be used in hair sprays to help hold hair in place and protect it from humidity.

Leave-in hair treatments:
Amodimethicone is used in leave-in hair treatments to improve the overall appearance and health of hair.

Skincare:
Amodimethicone is also used in skincare products like moisturizers, lotions, and creams to improve skin texture and provide a silky feel.

Sunscreens:
Amodimethicone is used in sunscreens to provide a silky feel and make it easier to spread the product.

Anti-aging products:
Amodimethicone can be used in anti-aging products to improve the texture and appearance of the skin, helping to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

Lipsticks:
Amodimethicone is used in lipsticks to provide a smooth and silky feel.

Deodorants:
Amodimethicone can be used in deodorants to provide a smooth feel and help control sweat.

Fragrances:
Amodimethicone is used in fragrances to help the scent last longer and provide a smooth feel.

Body washes:
Amodimethicone can be used in body washes to provide a smooth feel and improve the texture of the skin.

Bath oils:
Amodimethicone can be used in bath oils to provide a silky feel and improve skin texture.

After-sun products:
Amodimethicone can be used in after-sun products to soothe the skin and improve skin texture.

Foot creams:
Amodimethicone is used in foot creams to provide a silky feel and improve skin texture.

Hand creams:
Amodimethicone can be used in hand creams to provide a smooth feel and improve skin texture.

Body lotions:
Amodimethicone is used in body lotions to provide a silky feel and improve skin texture.

Massage oils:
Amodimethicone can be used in massage oils to provide a silky feel and improve skin texture.

Bath and shower gels:
Amodimethicone is used in bath and shower gels to provide a smooth feel and improve skin texture.

Makeup:
Amodimethicone can be used in makeup products to provide a smooth and silky feel.

Eyeliners:
Amodimethicone is used in eyeliners to provide a smooth feel and improve the application of the product.

Mascara:
Amodimethicone can be used in mascara to improve the application and provide a smooth feel.

Blush:
Amodimethicone is used in blush to provide a smooth feel and improve the application of the product.

Foundations:
Amodimethicone can be used in foundations to provide a silky feel and improve the application of the product.

Concealers:
Amodimethicone is used in concealers to provide a smooth feel and improve the application of the product.


Amodimethicone has several other applications, including:

As a conditioning agent in hair care products, such as shampoos and conditioners, to improve the appearance and manageability of hair.
As a detangling agent in hair care products, to reduce hair breakage and improve combability.
As an emulsifier in skin care products, to help mix oil and water-based ingredients and improve the consistency of the product.
As an anti-static agent in hair care products, to reduce static electricity and frizz.
As a shine enhancer in hair care products, to improve the appearance and brightness of hair.
As a smoothing agent in hair care products, to reduce frizz and flyaways and improve the texture of hair.
As a film-forming agent in hair care products, to create a protective barrier on hair and reduce damage from heat styling tools.
As a surfactant in cleaning products, such as shampoos and body washes, to help remove dirt and oils from the skin and hair.
As a lubricant in personal care products, to reduce friction and improve the texture of the product.
As a moisturizer in skin care products, to help hydrate and soften the skin.
As a thickening agent in personal care products, to increase the viscosity of the product and improve its texture.
As a conditioning agent in textile manufacturing, to improve the softness and durability of fabrics.
As a release agent in the manufacture of rubber products, to prevent sticking and improve the ease of release from molds.
As a wetting agent in agricultural products, to help pesticides and herbicides spread evenly over plants and improve their effectiveness.
As a lubricant in industrial machinery, to reduce friction and wear on moving parts.
As a foam stabilizer in personal care products, to improve the stability and longevity of foam.
As a viscosity controller in industrial coatings, to improve the flow and texture of the product.
As a mold release agent in plastic manufacturing, to prevent sticking and improve the ease of release from molds.
As a slip agent in plastic films, to improve their smoothness and reduce friction.
As a lubricant in the manufacturing of metal parts, to improve the efficiency and accuracy of machining operations.
As a release agent in the production of polyurethane foam, to prevent sticking and improve the ease of release from molds.
As a lubricant in the manufacturing of rubber parts, to reduce friction and improve the efficiency of molding and extrusion processes.
As a processing aid in the manufacture of thermoplastics, to improve the flow and processability of the material.
As a coating in the printing industry, to improve the adhesion and durability of ink on paper and other substrates.
As an additive in the production of adhesives and sealants, to improve their bonding properties and reduce their viscosity.


Amodimethicone is used in hair care products to improve manageability and reduce frizz.
Amodimethicone is often included in shampoos, conditioners, and styling products to provide a smooth, silky texture.
Amodimethicone can help protect hair from heat damage caused by blow drying or flat ironing.

Amodimethicone can also provide UV protection to prevent color fading and damage from the sun's rays.
In skin care products, Amodimethicone can improve the texture and spreadability of creams and lotions.

Amodimethicone can also help prevent moisture loss and improve skin hydration.
Amodimethicone is commonly used in leave-in hair treatments to provide long-lasting conditioning and detangling.

Amodimethicone can help protect hair from environmental damage and keep it looking healthy and shiny.
Amodimethicone is used in antiperspirants to provide a smooth, silky feel and reduce irritation.

Amodimethicone can also help prevent white residue from forming on clothing.
In wound dressings, Amodimethicone can provide a moist environment for healing and reduce pain and inflammation.
Amodimethicone is used in textile coatings to improve water repellency and durability.

Amodimethicone can also enhance the softness and texture of fabrics.
Amodimethicone can be used as a release agent in the manufacture of rubber and plastic products.

Amodimethicone can help prevent sticking and improve the surface finish of molded parts.
In personal lubricants, Amodimethicone can improve glide and reduce irritation.

Amodimethicone is also used in condoms to improve their durability and prevent breakage.
Amodimethicone is used in the production of adhesives and sealants to improve bonding and reduce viscosity.
Amodimethicone can also improve resistance to temperature and environmental conditions.

In automotive products, Amodimethicone is used to improve the water repellency of windshields and windows.
Amodimethicone can also improve the performance of wiper blades and prevent streaking.

Amodimethicone is used in the production of silicone-based defoamers to prevent foam formation in industrial processes.
Amodimethicone can also improve the efficiency of inkjet printing by reducing droplet size and improving drying time.

Amodimethicone is used in the production of silicone emulsions and dispersions for use in a wide range of industrial and consumer applications.
Amodimethicone is also used in the production of silicone rubber products, including gaskets, seals, and hoses.



DESCRIPTION


Amodimethicone is a clear to pale yellow liquid.
Amodimethicone is a modified silicone polymer.
Amodimethicone is a water-soluble silicone that can provide conditioning and detangling benefits to hair.

Amodimethicone is commonly used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks.
Amodimethicone is often used in combination with other conditioning agents such as cationic surfactants and fatty alcohols to improve hair feel and manageability.

Amodimethicone is also known for its ability to reduce hair breakage and improve hair strength.
Amodimethicone can help to protect hair from heat damage caused by styling tools like flat irons and hair dryers.

Amodimethicone is non-ionic and does not build up on hair, making it a popular choice for leave-in conditioners and styling products.
Amodimethicone is compatible with a wide range of surfactants and polymers, making it versatile in formulation.

Amodimethicone has a low surface tension, which can aid in the spreading and wetting of hair care products.
Amodimethicone can provide long-lasting conditioning benefits to the hair, even after multiple washes.

Amodimethicone is resistant to water and can help to prevent frizz in humid conditions.
Amodimethicone can also provide color protection to dyed hair, helping to maintain vibrancy and shine.
Amodimethicone can be used in both professional and consumer hair care products.

Amodimethicone is typically used at low concentrations in formulations, ranging from 0.1% to 5%.
Amodimethicone can be used in a variety of hair types, including straight, wavy, curly, and coily hair.

Amodimethicone is easy to incorporate into formulations due to its water solubility.
Amodimethicone has a low viscosity, making it easy to handle and mix with other ingredients.

Amodimethicone has a low molecular weight, allowing it to penetrate the hair shaft and provide deep conditioning benefits.
Amodimethicone can be used in hair care products for both men and women.
Amodimethicone can help to improve the feel and texture of damaged and over-processed hair.

Amodimethicone can be used in combination with other silicone derivatives such as dimethiconol and cyclomethicone.
Amodimethicone is stable over a wide pH range, making it compatible with acidic and alkaline hair care formulations.

Amodimethicone can be used in hair care products for all ages, from children to seniors.
Amodimethicone is a safe and effective ingredient commonly used in hair care products worldwide.


Amodimethicone is a silicone-based polymer used primarily in hair care products.
Amodimethicone is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid that is soluble in water and alcohol.



PROPERTIES


Chemical formula: C24H43NO2Si
Molecular weight: 401.68 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, viscous liquid
Odor: Odorless
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents
Melting point: < -50°C
Boiling point: Decomposes before boiling
Flash point: > 150°C
Density: 0.96 g/mL at 25°C
Refractive index: 1.443-1.450 at 20°C
Viscosity: 100-100,000 cSt
pH: 5-7
Surface tension: 20.3 dyn/cm
Dielectric constant: 2.6
Dielectric strength: 21.3 kV/mm
Heat of vaporization: 326.6 J/g
Heat of combustion: -5336 kJ/mol
Heat of formation: -187.5 kJ/mol
Heat capacity: 0.912 J/g·K
Thermal conductivity: 0.16 W/m·K
Flammability: Combustible
Stability: Stable under normal conditions
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents
Hazardous decomposition products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the person to an area with fresh air immediately.
If the person is having difficulty breathing, give oxygen if it is available.
Seek medical attention if the person is experiencing any symptoms or if they have inhaled a large amount of the substance.


Skin contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and footwear immediately and discard.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
Rinse the area with clean water.
Seek medical attention if irritation or symptoms persist.


Eye contact:

Immediately flush the affected eye with clean water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids apart to ensure that water gets into the eye itself.
Seek medical attention immediately, even if there are no immediate symptoms.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse out the mouth with water.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Seek medical attention immediately.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Amodimethicone should be handled in a well-ventilated area, with proper personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and lab coat.
It is important to avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing, as it may cause irritation or allergic reactions.

In case of skin contact, wash thoroughly with soap and water. In case of eye contact, flush with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention if necessary.
Amodimethicone should be handled carefully to avoid any spills or leaks, as it is flammable and may cause fire or explosion in certain conditions.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Amodimethicone.


Storage:

Amodimethicone should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and evaporation.

Amodimethicone should be stored separately from strong oxidizers, acids, and bases.
Avoid exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet radiation, as it may degrade the material and reduce its effectiveness.
Store Amodimethicone in its original container, with proper labeling and identification of the contents.



SYNONYMS


Aminoethylamino-Dimethicone
Bis-Amino
PEG/PPG-41/3
Aminoethyl PG-Propyl Dimethicone
Amino-functional silicone
Dimethylstearamine copolyol
Polyquaternium-11
Amino silicone oil
Stearoxy dimethicone
Polyquaternium-44
Cetyl dimethicone
Bis-aminopropyl dimethicone
Aminopropyl dimethicone
Polyquaternium-7
Amodimethicone (and) Trideceth-12
Polyquaternium-6
Bis-aminopropyl dimethicone/dimethicone copolymer
Behenoxy dimethicone
Bis-hydroxy/methoxy amodimethicone
Cetyl dimethicone copolyol
Lauryl dimethicone copolyol
PEG-12 dimethicone
Stearyl dimethicone
Trideceth-12
Trimethylsiloxysilicate
Bis-hydroxyethyl amodimethicone
Cyclomethicone
Glycol distearate
PEG-8 dimethicone
Bis-Amodimethicone
Dimethicone Amodimethicone
PEG-12 Dimethicone Amodimethicone
Trimethylsiloxyamodimethicone
Cetyl Dimethicone Copolyol Amodimethicone
Behenoxy Dimethicone Amodimethicone
PEG-8 Dimethicone Amodimethicone
Dimethiconol Amodimethicone
Hydroxypropyltrimonium Amodimethicone
Cetyl Amodimethicone
Stearoxy Dimethicone Amodimethicone
Stearyl Dimethicone Amodimethicone
Polyquaternium-10-11 Amodimethicone
Glyceryl Amodimethicone
Trideceth-5 Amodimethicone
Trideceth-12 Amodimethicone
Trideceth-10 Amodimethicone
Cetrimonium Chloride Amodimethicone
Cetrimonium Methosulfate Amodimethicone
Stearalkonium Chloride Amodimethicone
Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride Amodimethicone
Lauryl Amodimethicone
PPG-3 Benzyl Ether Amodimethicone
Propylene Glycol Dibenzoate Amodimethicone
Silicone Quaternium-17 Amodimethicone

DESCRIPTION:
AMONYL 380 BA is an amphoteric surfactant, compatible with hard water, with high concentrated electrolytes and at the all range of pH.
AMONYL 380 BA is Good cleansing agent.
AMONYL 380 BA is Good foaming agent.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AMONYL 380 BA:
Data: Limits
Appearance: Limpid liquid
Solid content (%): 28 - 32%
pH 5%: 5,5 - 7,0
Colour (Klett): NaCl: 4,5 - 6%



AMONYL 380 BA has the following properties:
AMONYL 380 BA is Good cleansing agent
AMONYL 380 BA is Good foaming agent

Generally, AMONYL 380 BA is not as good as alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates; nevertheless, better at alkaline pH, unaffected by hard water and resistant to high electrolyte concentration.
AMONYL 380 BA is Thickening surfactant
AMONYL 380 BA thickens anionic surface active agents, particularly alkyl and alkyl ether sulfate, with salts.

COMPATIBILITY:
AMONYL 380 BA is compatible with all classes of surfactants except with anionics at low pH.
AMONYL 380 BA shows excellent chemical stability against oxidising agents.
AMONYL 380 BA is resistant to hydrolysis and stable at very low and high pH.

APPLICATIONS OF AMONYL 380 BA:
Main applications of AMONYL 380 BA are in:
Hand dishwashing liquids : excellent foam stability and increases the viscosity when combined with anionics.
AMONYL 380 BA is Car cleaners.
AMONYL 380 BA is Domestic bleach.

AMONYL 380 BA is an alkyl amido betaine.
AMONYL 380 BA is used in Shampoos
AMONYL 380 BA is used in Shower gels
AMONYL 380 BA is used in Foaming baths

CHARACTERISTICS OF AMONYL 380 BA:
AMONYL 380 BA is Betaine
AMONYL 380 BA Provides a fine foam that is stable over time

AMONYL 380 BA Stabilizes & boosts the foam of anionic surfactants
AMONYL 380 BA is Sulfate free
AMONYL 380 BA is Preservative free

AMONYL 380 BA acts as a foaming agent.
AMONYL 380 BA is an amphoteric alkyl amido betaine.
AMONYL 380 BA is free of preservatives and sulfates.

AMONYL 380 BA stabilizes and boosts foam of anionic surfactants.
AMONYL 380 BA is used in shampoos, shower gels and foaming bath applications.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT AMONYL 380 BA:

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

SYNONYMS Ammoniac; Ammonium Muriate; Sal ammoniac;Amchlor; Darammon; Salammonite; Salammoniac; Ammoniumchloridefume; Ammoniumchlorid (German); Chlorammonic (French; Chlorid Ammonia (Czech);Chlorid Amonny; Chlorid Amonny (Czech); Cloruro De Amonio; Gen-diur (Spainish); Muriate of Ammonia; Ammonium chloride CAS NO:12125-02-9

bétaïnes, dérivés d’acides aminés et d’imidazole) : ils vont être soit cationique, soit anionique selon le pH du milieu dans lequel ils se trouvent. Ils sont plutôt bien tolérés par la peau, et ne piquent pas les yeux. Exemples : Cocamidopropyl Betaïn, mousse de Babassu (Babassuamidopropyl betaïne)

AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is a colorless liquid with relatively low viscosity.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is a colorless liquid with faint amine odor.


CAS Number: 124-68-5
EC Number: 204-709-8
MDL Number: MFCD00008051
INCI/Chemical Name:
2-AMINO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANOL
Linear Formula: (CH3)2C(NH2)CH2OH / C4H11NO



SYNONYMS:
Aminomethyl propanol (2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol), Amp 95, 2-Amino-2 Methyl-1 Propanol, Uniten AMP 95, Amp Buffer 95%, AMP, AMP 95, β-Aminoisobutyl alcohol, 2-Amino-2 Methyl-1 Propanol, Uniten AMP 95, Amp Buffer 95%, 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 1,1-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine, 1-Hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-amine, 2,2-Dimethylethanolamine, 2-Amino-1-hydroxy-2-methylpropane, 2-Amino-2,2-dimethylethanol, 2-Amino-2-methylpropanol, 2-Aminoisobutanol, 2-Hydroxy-1,1-dimethylethylamine, 2-Hydroxymethyl-2-propylamine, 2-Methyl-2-amino-1-propanol, 2-Methyl-2-aminopropanol, AMP (thinner), AMP Regular, AMP buffer, AMP-ULTRA PC 2000, AMP-Ultra PC, AMP-Ultra PC 1000, CE 64, Corrguard 75, Dolapix A 88, Hydroxy-tert-butylamine, Isobutanol-2-amine, KV 5088, NSC 441, Pamabron, β-Aminoisobutanol, AMP, AMP 95, β-Aminoisobutyl alcohol, 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-Amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol, 1-Propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-, Aminomethylpropanol, 2-aminodimethylethanol, β-aminoisobutanol, 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, isobutanol-2-amine, isobutanolamine, β-Aminoisobutanol, Aminomethylpropanol, AMP Regular, Hydroxy-tert-butylamine, Isobutanol-2-amine, 1,1-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine, 2-Amino-2-methylpropanol, 2-Amino-2,2-dimethylethanol, 2-Aminoisobutanol, 2-Hydroxymethyl-2-propylamine, 2-Methyl-2-aminopropanol, 2-Methyl-2-aminopropanol-1, 2-Aminodimethylethanol, 2,2-Dimethyl-ethanolamine, Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, Amino-2,2-dimethylethanol, Aminoisobutanol, Hydroxymethyl-2-propylamine, 2-Amino-1-hydroxy-2-methylpropane, AMP 75, Corrguard 75, KV 5088, NSC 441



AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is widely recognized as a multifunctional additive for all types of latex emulsion paints.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is a multifunctional additive and synthetic building block.
The versatility, compatibility and preferred environmental profile of AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is valued across a wide range of applications and markets.


AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer provides high-efficiency pH control, enhances dispersion of pigments and latex, controls corrosion, and provides compatibility and stability to water-based formulations.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer has exceptional thermal and UV stability and is highly resistant to yellowing.


AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is a colorless liquid with faint amine odor.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is premier primary amino alcohol, designed for use in all water-dilutable metalworking fluids, especially where a colorless product is required.


AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used worldwide, providing superior performance among commonly available amine products.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is widely recognized as a multifunctional additive for all types of latex emulsion paints.
In a formulation, AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer can be used as a powerful co-dispersant to prevent re-agglomeration of pigments.


At the same time, AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer will contribute significant benefits to the overall performance of the coating.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol containing 5% added water.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer acts as a corrosion inhibitor.


AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is a colorless liquid with relatively low viscosity.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer contributes to pH stability, low odor and anticorrosive properties.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer promotes acceptance of colorants.


AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is a very efficient amine for neutralizing the carboxylic acid moieties in acid-functional resins to make them suitable for use in water-borne coatings and other aqueous applications.
In latex emulsion paints, AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is a very efficient co-dispersant for pigments.


AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is the premier, flagship product from ANGUS for paint and coatings.
As a primary multifunctional amine, AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer offers more functionality, more exibility, and more value than other amines.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is a multifunctional neutralizer containing 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and 5% added water.


Key attributes of AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer include neutralization, dispersancy, pH buffering, non-yellowing, stability, formulation optimization, alkaline pH development and corrosion control, offering inumerous benefits throughout the life cycle of a latex paint compared to regular pH neutralizers, such as ammonia, MEA, NaOH.


In addition, AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is the only US EPA VOC-exempt amine .
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is recommended for a wide range of applications, such as Architectural and Industrial Coatings, Emulsion Polymerization, Inks, Adhesives and Solvent-borne alkyds.


This colorless, mobile liquid, AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer, with a relatively low viscosity remains liquid at temperatures above -2°C to permit easy handling.



USES and APPLICATIONS of AMP 95 MULTIFUNCTIONAL NEUTRALIZER:
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is a multi-functional additive for all types of latex emulsion paints.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used as a powerful co-dispersant to prevent re-agglomeration of pigments, contribute significant benefits to overall performance of the coating.


AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used as neutralizer and a co-dispersant.
In a formulation, AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer can be used as a powerful co-dispersant to prevent re-agglomeration of pigments.
At the same time, AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer will contribute significant benefits to the overall performance of the coating.


AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer also has the advantages of cobalt – free precipitation and low foam.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used to synthesize surfactant; Curing accelerator; Acidic gas absorbent.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used in many cosmetic formulations as a neutralization agent with a low viscosity half that of TEA.


AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer contributes to moisture resistance, frizz resistance, easy rinsing, and product stability.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used Appliance Paint, Building Coating, Car Paint, Furniture Paint, Paper Coating, Plastic Coating, Rubber Coating, Industrial Paint.


AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used water-based adhesive, water-based glazing oil, water-based ink, interior and exterior latex paint, leather coating, other water-based systems.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer derivatives formed with carboxylic acids are used for gas chromatographic analysis.


AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used synthesis of surfactants.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used curing accelerator.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used acidic gas absorbent.


AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used the additive of coating, emulsioni paint, have pigment dispersing concurrently, pH adjustment and antirust effect
Recommended dosage of AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer: add 0.05~0.5% to the total amount of paint (finished form), the specific dosage should be subject to the experiment.


It is recommended to add before grinding; After adding, AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is recommended to add slowly in the last stage of painting mixing at low speed.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is a multifunctional additive for all types of latex emulsion paints.


AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used as a powerful co-dispersant to prevent re-agglomeration of pigments and contribute significant benefits to overall performance of the coating.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer aids in dispersion and improvement in color tone.


AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used for neutralizing, synergy to dispersing agent (reduce up to 25%), reduce wetting agent up to 25%, and reduce glycol up to 10%.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is especially recommended for aerosol products.


AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used Architectural Coatings, Industrial and Automotive Coatings, Epoxies, Polyurethanes and Other Reactive Chemistries, Adhesives and Sealants, and Building and Construction.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used pigment Slurries, Dispersions and Colorants, Resins and Emulsion Polymerization, Inks and Overprint Varnish, Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Household and Industrial Cleaning, Water Treatment, Chemical Manufacturing and Synthesis, and Oil and Gas.


AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used in Various kinds of latex paint, Water-based industrial paint, Synthetic emulsion, and Water-based adhesives.
Trusted by formulators worldwide for its neutralizing and multifunctional capabilities, AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer works well as a co-dispersant and provides outstanding film properties in finished formulations.


Key benefits of AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer include improved pH stability, excellent scrub-resistance, optimal color acceptance, improved gloss and outstanding hiding power.
Additionally, AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer can help with the reduction of VOC levels by lowering freeze-thaw and open-time agents and dispersants.


-In The field of metal processing, AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is mainly used as biological stability and pH stabilizer.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is widely used in the concentrate and post-treatment of metal processing fluid in Europe and the United States and is the main raw material for the development of biological stability formula.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is used to increase and stabilize pH value, save and prolong the life of metal working fluid in field adding.



FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES OF AMP 95 MULTIFUNCTIONAL NEUTRALIZER:
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is an organic amine compound with high efficiency, low odor, non-yellowing, full volatility and other characteristics.
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer has a low odor and can be used as an organic amine neutralizer to replace ammonia in the coating formula, reducing the bad smell caused by ammonia volatilization.

At the same time, AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer has fast volatilization and will not remain in the paint film for a long time, so it can be used in high-gloss coatings and has excellent water resistance.

AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer has a strong wetting force, can improve the dispersion stability of the filler, and has a high gloss display force, adding AMP-95 coating formula can reduce the amount of wetting agent, or even without adding wetting agent.



BENEFITS AND PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS OF AMP 95 MULTIFUNCTIONAL NEUTRALIZER:
The benefits and performance improvements made possible by AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer in different stages of paint manufacture are:
-AMP-95 in the grind:
*Reduces dispersant demand when used in conjunction with conventional dispersants
*Optimizes pigment dispersion
*Reduces foam (through dispersant reduction)
*Provides effective pH control
*Lowers raw material costs


-Improves thickener performance:
Eliminates need for ammonia, resulting in a lower odor paint
Improves color acceptance of shading pastes


-AMP-95 and Coating Performance:
*Improves scrub, water and block resistance through formula optimization
*Reduces in-can corrosion
*Effective in low odor systems

*When formulating a latex paint, it is important to consider all the effects of dispersants and surfactants on the paints on its final performance.
As the information in this technical data sheet shows, AMP-95 can be used to reduce the levels of many commonly used paint additives, thereby lowering raw material costs while improving paint performance.



BENEFITS OF AMP 95 MULTIFUNCTIONAL NEUTRALIZER:
AMP-95 use benefits include, but are not limited to, the following:
■ Efficient Amine for Resin Neutralization – High base strength – Relatively low molecular weight
■ Multiple Food Contact Approvals
■ Acts as a Co-Dispersant for Particulate Systems
■ Corrosion Inhibitor for Steam-Condensate Lines
■ Key Component of Low Cobalt-Leaching Metalworking Fluids
■ Acts as a Formaldehyde Scavenger
■ Useful Raw Material for Synthesis Applications
■ Component of Powerful Anionic Emulsifier System



FUNCTIONS OF AMP 95 MULTIFUNCTIONAL NEUTRALIZER:
AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is widely recognized as a multifunctional additive for all types of latex paints.



BENEFITS OF AMP 95 MULTIFUNCTIONAL NEUTRALIZER:
*Primary amine with fully substituted α-carbon; no abstractable hydrogen Secondary amine and nitrosamine levels below 0.5% and 50ppm respectively
*Promotes high humidity curl retention (HHCR) in hair sprays and styling products
*Excellent in-can corrosion inhibition in aerosol formulations
*Reduces emulsion particle size
*Improves emulsion appearance and stability Compatible with
*Carbomer and other synthetic acrylic rheology modifiers
*Aids pigment dispersion
*Excellent alcohol tolerance



FEATURES OF AMP 95 MULTIFUNCTIONAL NEUTRALIZER:
*AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer reduces dispersant demand and optimizes pigment dispersion
*Reactive pigment stabilization
*Reduce corrosion
*pH stabilization
*Improve thickener performance
*Cost reduction
*AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer eliminates need for ammonia, resulting in a lower odor paint
*AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer improves color acceptance of shading pastes



METHOD OF USE OF AMP 95 MULTIFUNCTIONAL NEUTRALIZER:
1. Dosage of AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer is 0.1~1.0% of the total weight of the formula.

2. Add AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer 1/3~1/2 of the total amount at the pulping stage, and add the rest at the paint mixing stage.

3. Add AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer into the water with dispersant at the stage of pulping, and then add pigment filler in turn under rapid stirring after full dissolution.
Add pigment filler in turn under rapid stirring

4. At the stage of paint mixing, first dilute AMP 95 Multifunctional Neutralizer with 2~5 times water, and then add it slowly under stirring.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of AMP 95 MULTIFUNCTIONAL NEUTRALIZER:
Form:Liquid
Color: Colorless
pKa @ 25°C: 9.7
Boiling point of active material (°C): 165
Molecular weight: 89.1
Flash point (Tag closed cup °C): 81
Solubility in water: Miscible
Neutral equivalent: 93-97
Vapor pressure at 20°C: 10.7 Pa
pH: 11.3
Specific Gravity: 0.942
Viscosity at 25°C: 147 mPa

Molecular Weight: 89.14
Appearance Form: Semi-solid melting to a liquid
Odour: No data available
Odour Threshold: No data available
pH: 11,0 - 12,0 at 8,9 g/l at 25 °C
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 24 - 28 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 165 °C - lit.
Flash point: 68 °C - closed cup
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available

Vapour pressure: < 1 hPa at 25 °C
Vapour density: 3,08 - (Air = 1.0)
Relative density: 0,934 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Water solubility: 8,9 g/l at 20 °C - completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water
log Pow: -0,63
Auto-ignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:

Relative vapour density: 3,08 - (Air = 1.0)
Form: Liquid
Color: Colorless
pKa: @ 25°C9.7
Boiling point of active material: (°C)165
Flash point (Tag closed cup °C): 81
Solubility in water: Miscible
Appearance colorless transparent liquid moisture: ≤ 0.5%.
The mass fraction of AMP-95 is: ≥ 95.0.



FIRST AID MEASURES of AMP 95 MULTIFUNCTIONAL NEUTRALIZER:
-Description of first aid measures:
--General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of AMP 95 MULTIFUNCTIONAL NEUTRALIZER:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of AMP 95 MULTIFUNCTIONAL NEUTRALIZER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information: No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of AMP 95 MULTIFUNCTIONAL NEUTRALIZER:
-Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use face shield and safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,3 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of AMP 95 MULTIFUNCTIONAL NEUTRALIZER:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of AMP 95 MULTIFUNCTIONAL NEUTRALIZER:
-Reactivity: No data available
-Chemical stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions: No data available
-Conditions to avoid: No data available
-Other decomposition products - No data available

2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid; 2-ACRYLAMIDE-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID; 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID; 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID; 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULPHONIC ACID; 2-ACRYLOYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID; 2-METHYL-2-[(1-OXO-2-PROPENYL)AMINO]-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID; ACRYLAMIDO BUFFER; AMPS; AMPS MONOMER; LABOTEST-BB LT00012662; 1-Propanesulfonicacid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-; 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane; 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate; 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonicaci; TBAS; 2-Acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid; 2-ACRYLOYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID MONOMER; ACRYLAMIDO BUFFER SOLUTION PK 1, 0.2 M I N WATER, STAB.; ACRYLAMIDO BUFFER PK 1; 2-Acrylamide-2-MethyylPropaneSodiumSulfonate CAS NO:15214-89-8

Acrylic Acid-2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Copolymer; AA-AMPSA; Acrylic Acid-2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Copolymer; Sulfonated Polyacrylic Acid Copolymer; 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-acrylic acid copolymer; 2-Propenoic acid polymer with 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid; Sulfonated Polyacrylic Acid Copolymer; ACRYLIC ACID /ACRYLAMIDOMETHYL PROPANE SULFONIC ACID COPOLYMER; AcrylicAcid-AMPSCopolymer(AA/AMPS); Acrylic Acid-2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Copolymer; AA/AMPS; Acrylic acid-2-acrylamido-2-methyl propyl sulfonic acid copolymer; 2-Propenoic acid,polymer with 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid; prop-2-enoic acid - 2-(acryloylamino)butane-2-sulfonic acid (1:1) CAS NO:40623-75-4

AMPS Sodium Salt is a pale yellow or colorless transparent liquid.
AMPS Sodium Salt is an abbreviation for Sodium Salt 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid.


CAS Number: 5165-97-9
EC Number: 225-948-4
MDL number: MFCD00156481
Linear Formula: H2C=CHCONHC(CH3)2CH2SO3Na
Molecular Formula: C7H12NNaO4S


AMPS Sodium Salt is added in the emulsion and acrylic acid, styrene or vinyl acetate reaction, the introduction of reactive emulsifier to prevent the migration of emulsifier.
The low viscosity and remarkable stability of the emulsion can be obtained with only 2-3% of AMPS sodium salt.


At the same time no need add ethylene glycol and other additive, AMPS Sodium Salt can improve the adhesion of paint film, thermal stability and antistatic ability, improve the water resistance of latex paint and scrubbing resistance.
The acrylamide group in AMPS Sodium Salt will accelerate the polymerization reaction.


Two pendant methyl groups and sodium methanesulfonate are combined behind the amino group.
AMPS Sodium Salt can prevent its hydrolysis and thermal degradation.
Sulfonated group can result the monomer show higher hydrophilicity and ionic characteristics at any pH value.


AMPS Sodium Salt is a pale yellow or colorless transparent liquid.
AMPS Sodium Salt or NA ATBS don’t easily get vaporized at its low temperature point to form an ignitable mixture in air, so the flash point property is not applicable to it.


AMPS Sodium Salt’s convenient storage, packaging, and logistics provide the necessary ease and flexibility in formulations to produce high-performance polymers.
AMPS Sodium Salt is delivered in three different grades which include 2403, 2405, and 2407 which are derived from their expected performance characteristics and the polymerization molecular weight.


AMPS Sodium Salt is a highly reactive monomer which can add anionic character to polymers.
AMPS Sodium Salt exhibits good hydrolytic and thermal stability.
AMPS Sodium Salt features polyvalent cation tolerance.


AMPS Sodium Salt permits easy formulation of mining flocculants which is stable in complex and harsh conditions.
AMPS Sodium Salt provides flexibility in formulation to make stable emulsion polymers.
AMPS Sodium Salt is convenient in handling.


AMPS Sodium Salt reduces grit/coagulum formation in latex polymer.
AMPS Sodium Salt is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.
In the 1970s, the earliest patents using this monomer were filed for acrylic fiber manufacturing.


Today, there are over several thousands patents and publications involving use of AMPS Sodium Salt in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.
The molecular weight of AMPS Sodium Salt is 229.23.


The density of AMPS Sodium Salt is 1.2055 g/ ml at 25 degree celsius .
AMPS Sodium Salt is a 50 wt % solution in water that enables easy handling of the product.
AMPS Sodium Salt is prepared by reacting 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid or ATBS with caustic soda solution.


AMPS Sodium Salt is an abbreviation for Sodium Salt 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid.
AMPS Sodium Salt’s unique numerical identifier assigned by the chemical abstracts service CAS is 5165-97-9.
Some of AMPS Sodium Salt's synonymous are Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium, and Sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate.



USES and APPLICATIONS of AMPS SODIUM SALT:
AMPS Sodium Salt is used emulsions for paint and paper coatings.
Polymers containing AMPS Sodium Salt improve scrub resistance, dispersant performance and reduce grit formation.
AMPS Sodium Salt is used raw material for water treatment.


AMPS Sodium Salt is used in the cooling tower and boilers, to inhibit Calcium, Magnesium and Silica scale formation.
AMPS Sodium Salt is also used to precipitate solids in industrial and mining effluents.
Adhesives uses of AMPS Sodium Salt: AMPS Sodium Salt improve strength in pressure sensitive formulations and also make wood glue to improve adhesive strength, and thermal and mechanical properties with superior rheology.


AMPS Sodium Salt is used textile auxiliaries.
AMPS Sodium Salt is used as textile sizing agents, thickeners, dispersants and non-woven emulsion binders.
AMPS Sodium Salt is used detergents and cleaners.


AMPS Sodium Salt is used to improve characteristics of hydrophilicity, dispersibility, and lubricity and also enhance the cleaning efficiency of detergents and cleaners.
AMPS Sodium Salt is used Acrylic fibre.


AMPS Sodium Salt has been widely used in water treatment, mining, flocculants, oilfield chemicals, household items, medical supplies, cosmetics, detergents and cleaning agents, fabric glue and finishing agents, paper coating agent, polymer emulsions, paints and adhesives, paints, leather tanning and dyeing polymers, non-woven adhesives, super absorbent agent, thickener, leak-proof and sealing agent.


AMPS Sodium Salt is also used as the third monomer of synthetic fibers.
AMPS Sodium Salt is mainly used in emulsions, water-based adhesives and sealants.
AMPS Sodium Salt is used as a dopant and a protonating agent for conducting polymers.


AMPS Sodium Salt is used in a variety of electronic applications.
AMPS Sodium Salt is widely used in industries, industry daily chemicals and polymer synthesis.
Such as Water treatment agents, Mining, Flocculants, Oil field chemicals, Daily necessities, Medical supplies, Cosmetics, Detergents and cleaning agents,

Fabric glues and Finishing agents, Polymer emulsions, Coatings and Adhesives, Paints, Leather tanning and Printing and dyeing Polymers, Non-woven adhesives, Super absorbents, Thickeners and Sealants, etc.
AMPS Sodium Salt has a wide range of uses in water treatment and can also be used as the third monomer of synthetic fibers.


AMPS Sodium Salt is normally a 50% liquid solution which is convenient to handle, thereby, making it easy to get desired flexibility in formulations to create high performance polymers.
This products is generally used by polymer manufacturers where AMPS Sodium Salt acts as a comonomer along with other acrylic monomers like acrylamide, acrylic acid to make polymers.


Numerous polymers of AMPS Sodium Salt can be made depending on the other co-monomer, concentrations, degree of polymerization and so on.
The most common industrial applications of AMPS Sodium Salt are in adhesives to improve pressure-sensitive formulation strength, in water treatment to inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale formation, in personal care products for making diapers, in the textile industry as textile sizing agent and a non-woven emulsion binder, in oil fields as a friction reducer, in acrylic fiber to provide dye receptivity and in the construction site to inhibit fluid loss.


A hydrophilic compound such as sodium amps or AMPS Sodium Salt can also be used as a dopant.
For conducting polymers, AMPS Sodium Salt acts as a protonating agent.
In order to conduct the water purification process, polyelectrolyte copolymer gels are utilized; for the formation of polyelectrolyte copolymer gels, AMPS Sodium Salt is used.


AMPS Sodium Salt can also have potential application in the field of bioengineering and biomedical products.
AMPS Sodium Salt is used in polymerization where low molecular weight polymers (less than two million) are desired.
AMPS Sodium Salt is a highly reactive, highly hydrophilic functional polymerized monomer, and also a kind of polymerizable surfactant.


AMPS Sodium Salt is widely used in emulsions, waterborne adhesives and sealants.
AMPS Sodium Salt is a highly reactive, highly hydrophilic functional polymerized monomer, and also a kind of polymerizable surfactant.
AMPS Sodium Salt is widely used in emulsions, waterborne adhesives and sealants.


AMPS Sodium Salt is used emulsion, waterborne adhesive and sealant emulsion, waterborne adhesive and sealant.
AMPS Sodium Salt acts as a commoner when combined with other acrylic monomers like acrylic acid to manufacture polymers.
AMPS Sodium Salt improves scrub resistance and dispersant performance of paper coatings and paint emulsions.


AMPS Sodium Salt gives dye receptability for acrylic fibre.
AMPS Sodium Salt is used construction chemicals.


-Hydrogels and super absorbents uses of AMPS Sodium Salt:
Being super absorbents, AMPS Sodium Salt is used in diapers, lotions and other personal care products, due to high water absorbing capacity, electrical conductivity, slipperiness and lubricity.
AMPS Sodium Salt is also used as water retention agent.



PRODUCTION OF AMPS SODIUM SALT:
AMPS Sodium Salt is made by the Ritter reaction of acrylonitrile and isobutylene in the presence of sulfuric acid and water.
The recent patent literature describes batch and continuous processes that produce AMPS Sodium Salt in high purity (to 99.7%) and improved yield (up to 89%, based on isobutene) with the addition of liquid isobutene to an acrylonitrile / sulfuric acid / phosphoric acid mixture at 40°C.



PROPERTIES OF AMPS SODIUM SALT:
*Hydrolytic and thermal stability:
The geminal dimethyl group and the sulfomethyl group combine to sterically hinder the amide functionality and provide both hydrolytic and thermal stabilities to AMPS Sodium Salt-containing polymers.

*Polarity and hydrophilicity:
The sulfonate group gives the monomer a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at wide range of pH.
In addition, AMPS Sodium Salt is absorbing water readily and also imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.

*Solubility:
AMPS Sodium Salt is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and also shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents



FUNCTION OF AMPS SODIUM SALT:
People draw conclusions after detailed research on the gel, particles, surface charge density, latex stability and other aspects produced when AMPS Sodium Salt synthesizes emulsion:
Because the polymer has the characteristics of polymer electrolyte, AMPS Sodium Salt adsorbs on the surface of the latex particles and strokes the ionization layer, thereby increasing the stability of the latex.

AMPS Sodium Salt not only can replace carboxylic acid monomers but also can reduce the usage of other surfactants.
AMPS Sodium Salt has good water resistance and thermal stability; Products made from these emulsions have a smooth, flexible and comfortable touch, and the scrubbing resistance of the coatings made is also significantly improved.



PROPERTIES OF AMPS SODIUM SALT:
AMPS Sodium Salt is a polymerizable surfactant with highly reactive, highly hydrophilic functional monomer.
AMPS Sodium Salt has a polymer electrolyte properties, adsorbed on the latex particles formed on the surface of the ionosphere, thus increasing the stability of latex.

By using AMPS Sodium Salt, it not only can replace the carboxylic acid monomer (e.g. acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, etc.), but also reduce other use of surfactants to make acrylic, vinyl acetate-acrylate and styrene-acrylic emulsion system of resistance divalent cations significantly increased mechanical stability, AMPS Sodium Salt has good hydrolysis resistance and thermal stability; emulsion made from it are smooth and flexible, comfortable warmth, it has good tolerance for the scrub of coating too.



ADDED OF AMPS SODIUM SALT:
Add AMPS Sodium Salt to the emulsion to react with acrylic acid, styrene, or vinyl acetate to introduce a reactive emulsifier to prevent the migration of the emulsifier.

With only 2-3% AMPS Sodium Salt, the emulsion has low viscosity and remarkable stability.
At the same time, there is no need to add additives such as ethylene glycol, and it can improve the adhesion, thermal stability and antistatic properties of the paint film, and improve the water resistance and scrub resistance of the latex paint.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of AMPS SODIUM SALT:
CAS No: 5165-97-9
Molecular Formula: C7H12NNaO4S
Molecular Weight: 229.23
Appearance:Colorless liquid
Purity:50%
Appearance: Coloeless liquid
Chroma: 60
Assay: 50.81
Refractive Index: 1.418
Denisty: 1.203
Viscosity: 12.7
Ph: 9.58
Fe: 0.81
Physical state: liquid

Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 9
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available

Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,2055 g/mL at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Classification: Others
Cas NO.: 5165-97-9
Name: 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT
Molecular Formula: C7H12NNaO4S
Boiling Point: °Cat760mmHg

Refractive index:1.4220
Flash Point: °C
Purity: 99.0%min
usage: Plant Extracts
Brand Name: Crovell
EINECS: 225-948-4
CAS No.: 5165-97-9
Grade: Industrial Grade
Appearance: Coloeless liquid
Chroma: 60
Assay: 50.81
Refractive Index: 1.418
Denisty: 1.203
Viscosity: 12.7

Ph: 9.58
Fe: 0.81
SMILES: CC(C)(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])NC(=O)C=C.[Na+]
StdInChI: InChI=1S/C7H13NO4S.Na/c1-4-6(9)8-7(2,3)5-13(10,11)12;/h4H,1,5H2,2-3H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11,12);/q;+1/p-1
StdInChIKey: FWFUWXVFYKCSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Molecular Formula: C7H12NNaO4S
Molecular Weight: 229.23
EINECS: 225-948-4
MDL Number: MFCD00156481
CAS No.: 5165-97-9
Density: 1.2055
PSA: 94.68000

LogP: 1.08410
Solubility: N/A
Melting Point: N/A
Formula: C7H12NNaO4S
Boiling Point: 110℃ at 101.325kPa
Molecular Weight: 229.232
Flash Point: N/A
Transport Information: N/A
Appearance: N/A
Safety: 26-36/37/39
Risk Codes: 36/37/38



FIRST AID MEASURES of AMPS SODIUM SALT:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of AMPS SODIUM SALT:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of AMPS SODIUM SALT:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of AMPS SODIUM SALT:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of AMPS SODIUM SALT:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of AMPS SODIUM SALT:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium
Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate
Sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt
Sodium 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxoallyl)amino]propanesulphonate
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt 50% solution
Acrylamido-tert-butylsulfonic acid sodium salt
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, sodium salt (1:1) [ACD/Index Name]
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, monosodium salt
225-948-4 [EINECS]
5165-97-9 [RN]
MFCD00156481 [MDL number]
Natrium-2-(acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propansulfonat
Sodium 2-(acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Sodium 2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate
SODIUM ACRYLOYLDIMETHYLTAURATE
[5165-97-9]
112666-19-0 [RN]
113996-54-6 [RN]
115137-50-3 [RN]
129701-88-8 [RN]
15214-89-8 [RN]
152634-06-5 [RN]
171063-24-4 [RN]
192388-82-2 [RN]
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, sodium salt
1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID, 2-METHYL-2-((1-OXO-2-PROPENYL)AMINO)-, MONOSODIUM SALT
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt solution
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONICACIDSODIUMSALT
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonate sodium salt
2-Methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodiumsalt
2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium
76701-57-0 [RN]
86848-82-0 [RN]
95243-13-3 [RN]
EINECS 225-948-4
Natrium-2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropan-1-sulfonat
POLY(2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID), SODIUM SALT
sodium 2-(acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulfonate
Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate
SODIUM 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONATE
sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane-1-sulfonate
Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate
sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate
SODIUM 2-ACRYLAMINO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONATE
Sodium 2-methyl-2-((1-oxoallyl)amino)propanesulphonate
sodium 2-methyl-2-(1-oxoprop-2-enylamino)propane-1-sulfonate
SODIUM 2-METHYL-2-(PROP-2-ENAMIDO)PROPANE-1-SULFONATE
sodium 2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonate
sodium 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxoallyl)amino]propanesulphonate
sodium;2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonate
1-Propanesulfonicacid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, sodium salt (7CI,8CI)
1-Propanesulfonic acid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, monosodium salt (9CI)
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt
AMPS 2403
AMPS 2405
ATBS-NA
Acryloyldimethyltaurine sodium salt
LZ 2405
Lubrizol 2401
Lubrizol2403
Lubrizol 2405
Lubrizol 2405A
Sodium2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate
Sodium2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate
Sodium2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonate
Sodium N-acryloyldimethyltaurate
Sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate

AMYL CINNAMATE, N° CAS : 3487-99-8, Nom INCI : AMYL CINNAMATE, Nom chimique : Pentyl 3-Phenyl-2-propenoate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 222-478-1. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

AMYL SALICYLATE, N° CAS : 2050-08-0, Nom INCI : AMYL SALICYLATE, Nom chimique : Pentyl salicylate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 218-080-2 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

AMYLASE, N° CAS : 9000-92-4, N° CAS 9000-90-2; Nom INCI : AMYLASE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-567-7. Classification : Enzymes. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état.L'amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), est une enzyme digestive classée comme saccharidase (enzyme qui brise les polysaccharides). C'est surtout un constituant du suc pancréatique et de la salive, requis pour le catabolisme des glucides à longue chaîne (comme l'amidon) en unités plus petites. L'amylase est également synthétisée dans de nombreuses espèces de fruits pendant leur maturation, ce qui les rend plus sucrés, et aussi durant la germination des grains de céréales. Elle joue un rôle essentiel dans l'amylolyse (ou hydrolyse) de l'amidon de malt d'orge, processus nécessaire à la fabrication de la bière, ainsi que dans l'hydrolyse du glycogène, permettant sa transformation en glucose.Noms français : Amylase (alpha); Amylase alpha. Noms anglais : ALPHA.-AMYLASE; ALPHA AMYLASE; alpha-Amylase; ALPHAAMYLASE; AMYLASE, .ALPHA.-; AMYLASE, ALPHA-; Utilisation ; Enzyme. Amylase (/ˈæmɪleɪz/) is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch (Latin amylum) into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. Foods that contain large amounts of starch but little sugar, such as rice and potatoes, may acquire a slightly sweet taste as they are chewed because amylase degrades some of their starch into sugar. The pancreas and salivary gland make amylase (alpha amylase) to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are converted by enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. Plants and some bacteria also produce amylase. Specific amylase proteins are designated by different Greek letters. All amylases are glycoside hydrolases and act on α-1,4-glycosidic bonds. β-Amylase An form of amylase, β-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2 ) (alternative names: 1,4-α-D-glucan maltohydrolase; glycogenase; saccharogen amylase) is also synthesized by bacteria, fungi, and plants. Working from the non-reducing end, β-amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the second α-1,4 glycosidic bond, cleaving off two glucose units (maltose) at a time. During the ripening of fruit, β-amylase breaks starch into maltose, resulting in the sweet flavor of ripe fruit! They belong to glycoside hydrolase family. Both α-amylase and β-amylase are present in seeds; β-amylase is present in an inactive form prior to germination, whereas α-amylase and proteases appear once germination has begun. Many microbes also produce amylase to degrade extracellular starches. Animal tissues do not contain β-amylase, although it may be present in microorganisms contained within the digestive tract. The optimum pH for β-amylase is 4.0–5.0

Amylase is an enzyme found in the pancreas and parotid glands (salivary glands).
An amylase (/ˈæmɪleɪs/) is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch (Latin amylum) into sugars.
Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion.


CAS Number: 9000-90-2
EC Number: 232-565-6



SYNONYMS:
β-Amylase, Food Grade Beta-amylase, Amy test, serum amylase, urine amylase



Amylase is an enzyme that is essential for the digestive system, belonging to the group of hydrolytic enzymes.
Alpha-amylase (α-amylase) is the major form of the enzyme amylase, found in humans and other mammals, which hydrolyzes the alpha bonds of polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen, creating simple substrates as simple as glucose and maltose.


Alpha-amylase is also present in plant seeds that use starch as a store of energy, in bacteria, and in the secretions of some fungi.
In humans, the enzyme amylase is present in saliva (also known as ptyalin) and in digestive system secretions.
Amylase is one of the enzymes that has many applications in industries such as industry, medicine and many other economic fields, especially for the food industry.


Amylase is widely employed as a marker of acute pancreatitis and a significant elevation is diagnostic.
Amylase plays an important role in the breakdown of carbohydrates.
By breaking down complex carbohydrates such as starch into simpler sugars that are more easily assimilated by the body, Amylase facilitates digestion and is useful in cases of dyspepsia.


The enzyme responsible for starch degradation is called Amylase, and is found in saliva, among other places.
Whatever your diet, the carbohydrates in food provide fuel for your body in the form of glucose.
However, finding free glucose is relatively rare in our typical diets, and it is the work of enzymes like amylase to break down complex carbohydrates or starch, into smaller, simpler sugars such as glucose.


Amylase is concentrated enzyme complex.
Amylase accelerates the process of starch degradation into dextrins and sugars.
Amylase allows the starches to acquire different textures, sweetens the product without adding sweeteners and increases the fermentative power of the mixture.


Amylase is an enzyme that degrades starch.
Amylase is also called saccharase and ptyalin.
Amylase was the first enzyme identified and isolated by Anselme Payen in 1833, who named it diastase.


Amylase is enzyme complex that degrades starch into dextrins and sugars.
Amylase solubilizes and liquefies starches, sweetens and increases the fermentative power of the mixture.
Amylase only acts on starch: it will only work on products containing starch.


Amylase, any member of a class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis (splitting of a compound by addition of a water molecule) of starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules such as maltose (a molecule composed of two glucose molecules).
Three categories of amylases, denoted alpha, beta, and gamma, differ in the way they attack the bonds of the starch molecules.


Alpha-amylase is widespread among living organisms.
In the digestive systems of humans and many other mammals, an alpha-amylase called ptyalin is produced by the salivary glands, whereas pancreatic amylase is secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine.


The optimum pH of alpha-amylase is 6.7–7.0.
Ptyalin is mixed with food in the mouth, where it acts upon starches.
Although the food remains in the mouth for only a short time, the action of ptyalin continues for up to several hours in the stomach—until the food is mixed with the stomach secretions, the high acidity of which inactivates ptyalin.


Ptyalin’s digestive action depends upon how much acid is in the stomach, how rapidly the stomach contents empty, and how thoroughly the food has mixed with the acid.
Under optimal conditions as much as 30 to 40 percent of ingested starches can be broken down to maltose by ptyalin during digestion in the stomach.


Amylase is an enzyme, a type of protein that helps your body break down carbohydrates.
The pancreas and salivary glands in your mouth make amylase.
There’s normally a small amount of amylase in your blood and urine.


Amylase is an enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates.
Amylase is made primarily in the pancreas and the glands that make saliva, and can be found at low levels in other parts of the body.
When the pancreas is diseased or inflamed, it releases increased amounts of amylase into the blood.


A test can be done to measure the level of this enzyme in your blood.
Amylase may also be measured with a urine amylase test.
An amylase (/ˈæmɪleɪs/) is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch (Latin amylum) into sugars.


Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion.
Foods that contain large amounts of starch but little sugar, such as rice and potatoes, may acquire a slightly sweet taste as they are chewed because amylase degrades some of their starch into sugar.


The pancreas and salivary gland make amylase (alpha amylase) to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy.
Plants and some bacteria also produce amylase.


Specific amylase proteins are designated by different Greek letters.
All amylases are glycoside hydrolases and act on α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
Amylase is an enzyme that occurs naturally in the saliva of some mammals and humans that aids in the process of digestion.


Amylase accelerates the breakdown or hydrolysis of starch into simple sugars.
The pancreas and the salivary glands mainly synthesise amylase to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides that are converted into glucose and used as energy.


Amylase was one of the first enzymes to be discovered in the 1800s. It was initially named diastaste but later renamed amylase in the late 20th century.
Amylase is a hydrolytic enzyme present in large amounts in the pancreas, within acinar cells, and salivary glands.
Amylase is present in smaller amounts in other tissues.


Amylase cleaves alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds in glucose polymers such as starch and glycogen.
Amylase requires co-factors chloride and calcium ions.
It is cleared by the kidney and hence, there is a small amount of amylase activity within urine.


Amylase is normally measured in the diagnosis of acute abdominal pain.
Total levels are usually reported, although it is possible to distinguish P and S amylase from the pancreas and salivary glands respectively.
Amylase is an enzyme, or special protein, produced by your pancreas and salivary glands.


The pancreas is an organ located behind your stomach.
It creates various enzymes that help break down food in your intestines.
An amylase blood test can determine whether you have a disease of the pancreas by measuring the amount of amylase in your body.


Amylase is a digestive enzyme that helps the body break down carbohydrates.
Both the salivary glands and the pancreas produce amylase.
Several different medical conditions can affect amylase levels in the blood.


Amylase (AM-uh-lace) is an enzyme made by the salivary glands and the pancreas.
Amylase helps the body digest carbohydrates.
Amylase is an enzyme made mainly by the pancreas.


Amylase is released from the pancreas into the digestive tract to help digest starch in our food.
Amylase is a digestive enzyme that is produced by the pancreas and salivary glands.
Amylase is responsible for digesting the starch and glycogen found in food.


Generally, the amylase blood test is used to help diagnose pancreatic diseases, like acute pancreatitis, and is normally ordered together with the lipase test.
The doctor can also order a urine amylase test, which helps to assess kidney functioning.


This test is often ordered when treating kidney failure to assess the effectiveness of treatment.
Amylase test result should be assessed by the ordering doctor together with the patient's presenting symptoms, as well as other test results.



USES and APPLICATIONS of AMYLASE:
Enzyme amylase is very widely used in many fields:
In the brewing industry (participating in starch saccharification):
Amylase is used in the saccharification of starch into maltose, glucose , used as a necessary substrate for beer fermentation;


Amylase is used in the production of soy sauce, malt, molasses, glucose.
Amylase hydrolyze starch can be applied in the production of rice wine, as feed for livestock to supplement nutrients.
Amylase is applied in bread production, making the cake spongy, more delicious.


In the textile industry, the enzyme amylase is used to remove the starch from the fabric, remove the starch on the surface of the fabric, making the fabric soft, easy to bleach, easy to catch color in the dyeing process.
Amylase is applied in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry.


Amylase is used in applications in MSG processing industry.
If there are no signs or symptoms of parotid inflammation (mumps, etc.), a high level of amylase in the blood generally indicates an inflammatory impairment of the pancreas (due to alcoholism, gallstones, or more rarely following a trauma, viral infection, extremely high calcium or triglyceride levels, a tumour, a drug, etc.).


In the case of acute pancreatitis, amylase levels typically rise to as much as 4 to 6 times the normal upper reference limit.
This occurs within 4 to 8 hours of onset and returns to normal within a few days when the condition is treated successfully.
In chronic pancreatitis, amylase levels tend to return to normal gradually, even if the disease has not disappeared, due to the destruction of the pancreas.


It is preferable to measure levels of the lipase enzyme to diagnose and monitor chronic pancreatitis.
In rare cases, high blood levels of amylase can be caused by the presence of macroamylase, a form of amylase that is too big to be eliminated by the kidneys.


This condition is harmless and can be confirmed by measuring amylase clearance.
Other uses of Amylase: An inhibitor of alpha-amylase, called phaseolamin, has been tested as a potential diet aid.
When used as a food additive, amylase has E number E1100, and may be derived from pig pancreas or mold fungi.


Bacilliary amylase is also used in clothing and dishwasher detergents to dissolve starches from fabrics and dishes.
Factory workers who work with amylase for any of the above uses are at increased risk of occupational asthma.
Five to nine percent of bakers have a positive skin test, and a fourth to a third of bakers with breathing problems are hypersensitive to amylase.


Tests for amylase in blood or urine are mainly used to diagnose problems with your pancreas, including pancreatitis, which is an inflammation of the pancreas.
Amylase is also used to monitor chronic (long-term) pancreatitis.


Increases and decreases in amylase levels show up in blood before urine, so an amylase urine test may be done with or after an amylase blood test.
One or both types of amylase test may also be used to help diagnose or monitor treatment for other disorders that may affect amylase levels, such as salivary gland disorders and certain digestive conditions.


The enzyme ɑ-amylase finds a great deal of use in brewing liquor and beer that is made from starch.
Amylase is achieved through a process of fermentation, where the yeast consumes sugar and yields alcohol.
In breadmaking, yeasts, which already secrete amylase, break down the starch in the flour into carbon dioxide and ethanol, giving rise to the bread and also adding flavour.


In molecular biology, amylase can be used as a method of selection for antibiotic gene resistance.
Amylase is used in biochemical research and clinically as a digestive enzyme for loss of appetite, indigestion, gastric catarrh, etc.
As differentiation requires electrophoresis, this is not commonly warranted in the emergency situation where rapid, automated chromogenic assays are used.
Amylase assay on pleural or peritoneal fluid may be used to diagnose a pancreatic fistula.


-Molecular biology uses of Amylase:
In molecular biology, the presence of amylase can serve as an additional method of selecting for successful integration of a reporter construct in addition to antibiotic resistance.
As reporter genes are flanked by homologous regions of the structural gene for amylase, successful integration will disrupt the amylase gene and prevent starch degradation, which is easily detectable through iodine staining.


-Medical uses of Amylase:
Amylase also has medical applications in the use of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT).
Amylase is one of the components in Sollpura (liprotamase) to help in the breakdown of saccharides into simple sugars.


-Hyperamylasemia uses of Amylase:
Blood serum amylase may be measured for purposes of medical diagnosis.
A higher than normal concentration may reflect any of several medical conditions, including acute inflammation of the pancreas (which may be measured concurrently with the more specific lipase), perforated peptic ulcer, torsion of an ovarian cyst, strangulation, ileus, mesenteric ischemia, macroamylasemia and mumps.
Amylase may be measured in other body fluids, including urine and peritoneal fluid.


-Fermentation uses of Amylase:
α- and β-amylases are important in brewing beer and liquor made from sugars derived from starch.
In fermentation, yeast ingests sugars and excretes ethanol.
In beer and some liquors, the sugars present at the beginning of fermentation have been produced by "mashing" grains or other starch sources (such as potatoes).

In traditional beer brewing, malted barley is mixed with hot water to create a "mash", which is held at a given temperature to allow the amylases in the malted grain to convert the barley's starch into sugars.
Different temperatures optimize the activity of alpha or beta amylase, resulting in different mixtures of fermentable and unfermentable sugars.
In selecting mash temperature and grain-to-water ratio, a brewer can change the alcohol content, mouthfeel, aroma, and flavor of the finished beer.

In some historic methods of producing alcoholic beverages, the conversion of starch to sugar starts with the brewer chewing grain to mix Amylase with saliva.
This practice continues to be practiced in the home production of some traditional drinks, such as chhaang in the Himalayas, chicha in the Andes, and kasiri in Brazil and Suriname.


-Flour additive uses of Amylase:
Amylase is used in breadmaking and to break down complex sugars, such as starch (found in flour), into simple sugars.
Yeast then feeds on these simple sugars and converts it into the waste products of ethanol and carbon dioxide.
This imparts flavour and causes the bread to rise.

While Amylase is found naturally in yeast cells, it takes time for the yeast to produce enough of these enzymes to break down significant quantities of starch in the bread.
This is the reason for long fermented doughs such as sourdough. Modern breadmaking techniques have included Amylase (often in the form of malted barley) into bread improver, thereby making the process faster and more practical for commercial use.



CLASSIFICATION OF AMYLASE:
*α-Amylase
The α-amylases (EC 3.2.1.1 ) (CAS 9014-71-5) (alternative names: 1,4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase; glycogenase) are calcium metalloenzymes.
By acting at random locations along the starch chain, α-amylase breaks down long-chain saccharides, ultimately yielding either maltotriose and maltose from amylose, or maltose, glucose and "limit dextrin" from amylopectin.

Because it can act anywhere on the substrate, α-amylase tends to be faster-acting than β-amylase.
In animals, it is a major digestive enzyme, and its optimum pH is 6.7–7.0.
In human physiology, both the salivary and pancreatic amylases are α-amylases.
The α-amylase form is also found in plants, fungi (ascomycetes and basidiomycetes) and bacteria (Bacillus).

*β-Amylase
Another form of amylase, β-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2 ) (alternative names: 1,4-α-D-glucan maltohydrolase; glycogenase; saccharogen amylase) is also synthesized by bacteria, fungi, and plants.

Working from the non-reducing end, β-amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the second α-1,4 glycosidic bond, cleaving off two glucose units (maltose) at a time.
During the ripening of fruit, β-amylase breaks starch into maltose, resulting in the sweet flavor of ripe fruit.

They belong to glycoside hydrolase family 14.
Both α-amylase and β-amylase are present in seeds; β-amylase is present in an inactive form prior to germination, whereas α-amylase and proteases appear once germination has begun.

Many microbes also produce amylase to degrade extracellular starches.
Animal tissues do not contain β-amylase, although it may be present in microorganisms contained within the digestive tract.
The optimum pH for β-amylase is 4.0–5.0.

*γ-Amylase
Main article: Glucan 1,4-a-glucosidase
γ-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.3 ) (alternative names: Glucan 1,4-a-glucosidase; amyloglucosidase; exo-1,4-α-glucosidase; glucoamylase; lysosomal α-glucosidase; 1,4-α-D-glucan glucohydrolase) will cleave α(1–6) glycosidic linkages, as well as the last α-1,4 glycosidic bond at the nonreducing end of amylose and amylopectin, yielding glucose.

The γ-amylase has the most acidic optimum pH of all amylases because it is most active around pH 3.
They belong to a variety of different GH families, such as glycoside hydrolase family 15 in fungi, glycoside hydrolase family 31 of human MGAM, and glycoside hydrolase family 97 of bacterial forms.



CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS OF AMYLASE:
Amylase is used for a multitude of applications such as the production of syrups of different oligosaccharides (maltose and glucose).
The use of Amylase in flour also facilitates the action of yeast.

The addition of Amylase reduces fermentation times and improves bread making processes.
Another application of Amylase is the acceleration of fruit ripening.
During fruit ripening, they synthesize Amylase, which degrade fruit starch into sugar, making them sweeter.



BENEFITS OF AMYLASE:
Amylase is an enzyme whose role is to break down complex carbohydrates, such as starch, into simple sugars such as glucose or maltose, which are easily assimilated by the body.



FUNCTIONS OF AMYLASE:
Amylase performs the following functions in bakery products:
*Provide fermentable and reducing sugars.
*Accelerate yeast fermentation and boost gassing for optimum dough expansion during proofing and baking
*Intensify flavors and crust color by enhancing Maillard browning and caramelization reactions.
*Reduce dough/batter viscosity during starch gelatinization in the oven.
*Extend oven rise/spring and improve product volume.
*Act as crumb softeners by inhibiting staling.
*Modify dough handling properties by reducing stickiness.



ORIGIN OF AMYLASE:
Amylase is widely distributed in nature.
Amylase is present in both plants and animals.
Cereal and grains and their flours naturally contain different types of amylase.
In cereals, Amylase is found in the endosperm, bran and germ.



COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF AMYLASE:
Amylase is generally produced by commercial fermentation.
Bacterial sources such as Bacillus subtilis or B stearothermophilus are used or, fungal sources, such as Aspergillus oryzae or A. niger.



FAMILY OF AMYLASE:
Amylase is a hydrolytic enzyme that breaks down starch into dextrins and sugars.
Amylase’s made up of a family of starch-degrading enzymes that include:
*Alpha-amylase
*Beta-amylase
*Amyloglucosidase or glucoamylase
*Pullulanase
*Maltogenic amylase
Amylase can work at the same time in perfect synergy.
Amylase is key ingredients that extend the shelf-life of bread, working as fermentation improvers.



THE ROLE OF AMYLASE IN THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF YOUNG CHILDREN:
Enzyme amylase acts as a catalyst, making the digestion and absorption of starch in the small intestine easier.
Young children are often subject to digestive problems because their digestive systems are not fully developed.
The secretion of digestive enzymes is limited, not enough for food to be fully digested.

This is the cause of digestive disorders, with typical symptoms such as indigestion, flatulence, bloating, vomiting, regurgitation of food, leading to anorexia.
In addition, when organic compounds such as glucide, protid, and lipid are not completely absorbed, it will lead to diarrhea and diarrhea in children.

Therefore, it is very necessary to supplement digestive enzymes, including amylase enzymes, for young children, especially children with anorexia and digestive disorders.

When children are supplemented with digestive enzyme amylase, food will be quickly broken down into nutrients and absorbed by the intestines, helping to empty the digestive tract, giving children a sense of appetite, hunger, and no more Discomfort due to flatulence, bloating, indigestion.
Some children often vomit due to decreased enzyme secretion, the use of amylase enzyme also gives good results.



PHYSIOLOGY OF AMYLASE:
Amylase is a calcium dependent enzyme which hydrolyzes complex carbohydrates at alpha 1,4-linkages to form maltose and glucose.
Amylase is filtered by renal tubules and resorbed (inactivated) by tubular epithelium.
Active enzyme does not appear in urine.

Small amounts of amylase are taken up by Kupffer cells in the liver. In healthy dogs, 14% of amylase is bound to globulins.
Because of this polymerization, canine amylase has variable (high) molecular weights and is not normally filtered by the kidney.
In dogs with renal disease, this polymerized (macroamylase) amylase is found in higher concentration (from 5-62% of total amylase activity) and contributes to the hyperamylasemia seen in these disorders.

The half-life of amylase (as determined from sequential decreases in sick horses over time) appears to be around 4 ± 0.7 hours in horses, which is shorter than that of lipase (approximately 11 hours).
There are four different isoenzymes of amylase in the dog: isoenzyme 3 is found in the pancreas (>50%), whereas isoenzyme 4 is found in all tissues.



NORMAL AMYLASE LEVELS
Amylase levels are considered to be normal in the following groups:
Patients under 60 years of age: between 30 and 118 U/L

Patients over 60 years of age: up to 151 U/L
Normal amylase levels may vary depending on the lab and the technique used to collect the blood.
Results should therefore be interpreted by a health care professional.

Test results
Amylase test results can help diagnose conditions associated with pancreatic and salivary gland malfunctioning.
It is most commonly used to diagnose acute pancreatitis, as amylase values in the blood increase greatly in the first 6-12 hours of pancreatic inflammation.


*High amylase
Amylase may be high with the following conditions:
*Mumps
*Acute and chronic pancreatitis
*Biliary tract diseases such as cholecystitis
*Peptic ulcer
*Pancreatic cancer
*Obstruction of the pancreatic ducts
*Viral hepatitis
*Ectopic pregnancy
*Renal insufficiency
*Burns
Use of some medications, such as oral contraceptives, valproic acid, metronidazole and corticosteroids
In most cases of pancreatitis, blood amylase levels will be 3 times higher than the reference value.

Amylase levels usually increase within 6 to 12 hours and return to normal within 4 days.
Despite this, in some cases of pancreatitis, amylase levels may be normal or just mildly elevated, which is why it is also important to check lipase levels of a pancreatic condition is suspected.


*Low amylase
Low amylase levels are more common in hospitalized patients, especially in those receiving glucose.
In these cases, patients should have their amylase levels re-tested after two hours to determine if the results are reliable.
These should be confirmed through other laboratory tests.



HOW IS AMYLASE USED?
The blood test for amylase is used to help diagnose acute pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas).
The swift rise of amylase at the beginning of a pancreatitis attack, and its fall after about 2 days, helps to pinpoint this diagnosis.



WHEN IS AMYLASE REQUESTED?
An amylase test may be ordered if you show symptoms of a pancreatic disorder, such as severe abdominal pain, fever, loss of appetite, or nausea.



WHY ARE AMYLASE TESTS DONE?
This test measures the amount of amylase in the blood.
Doctors may order an amylase if a child has signs of a problem with the pancreas, such as belly pain, nausea, or vomiting.
They also might do one if a child takes medicine that makes problems with the pancreas more likely.



CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF AMYLASE:
The blood serum amylase level is tested for various diagnostic purposes.
A higher concentration of amylase (hyperamylasemia) can be indicative of acute pancreatitis, strangulation, peptic ulcer, ileus or mumps.



CLASSIFICATION OF AMYLASE:
There are three types of amylases known: alpha, beta and gamma.
All three are found in different organisms and catalyse different sites of the starch molecule.

ɑ-Amylase
ɑ-amylases are found in humans, animals, plants, as well as in microbes.
They are calcium metalloenzymes that cleave random α-1,4 glycosidic bonds to yield either maltose and maltotriose from amylose chains or glucose, maltose and dextrin from amylopectin chains.

In humans, amylase secreted from the pancreas and salivary gland is ɑ-amylases.
Because they can break random bonds in the starch chain, they tend to work more quickly than the 𝛃-amylases.
Their optimum pH is 6.7 – 7.0.
They are a member of the glycosidic hydrolase family 13.

𝛃-Amylase
The 𝛃-amylases are found in microbes and plants.
They hydrolyse the second α-1,4 glycosidic bond in the starch molecule and yield two maltose molecules at a time.
They are a member of the glycosidic hydrolase family 14.

At the time of ripening of fruits, the starch is hydrolysed into maltose which gives a sweet taste to the fruits.
Their optimum pH is 4.0 – 5.0. 𝛃-amylases are found in seeds in an inactive form prior to germination.

𝛄-Amylase
𝛄-amylases are found in plants and animals.
They cleave the last α-1,4 glycosidic bond and the α-1,6 glycosidic bond in the starch molecule to yield glucose molecules.
Their optimum pH is 3.
They are a member of the glycosidic hydrolase family 15.



WHY DO I NEED AN AMYLASE TEST?
Your health care provider may order an amylase blood and/or urine test if you have symptoms of a pancreatic disorder.
Symptoms may begin suddenly or slowly and include:

*Pain in your upper abdomen (belly) that may spread to your back or get worse after eating
*Loss of appetite
*Nausea and vomiting
*Fever
*Fast heartbeat
*Jaundice
*Greasy, foul-smelling stool (poop)

Your provider may also order an amylase test to monitor an existing condition that affects the pancreas, including:
*Chronic pancreatitis
*Pancreatic cancer
*Eating disorders
*Cystic fibrosis
*Alcohol use disorder
*Recovery from having gallstones removed after a gallbladder attack



WHAT IS AN AMYLASE TEST?
An amylase test measures the amount of amylase in your blood or urine (pee).
Amylase is an enzyme, or special protein, that helps you digest carbohydrates.
Most of the amylase in your body is made by your pancreas and salivary glands.

A small amount of amylase in your blood and urine is normal.
But having too much or too little may be a sign of a disorder of the pancreas or salivary glands, or another medical condition.



HISTORY OF AMYLASE:
In 1831, Erhard Friedrich Leuchs (1800–1837) described the hydrolysis of starch by saliva, due to the presence of an enzyme in saliva, "ptyalin", an amylase.
it was named after the Ancient Greek name for saliva: πτύαλον - ptyalon.

The modern history of enzymes began in 1833, when French chemists Anselme Payen and Jean-François Persoz isolated an amylase complex from germinating barley and named it "diastase".
It is from this term that all subsequent enzyme names tend to end in the suffix -ase.
In 1862, Russian biochemist Aleksandr Yakovlevich Danilevsky (1838–1923) separated pancreatic amylase from trypsin.



EVOLUTION OF AMYLASE:
Salivary amylase
Saccharides are a food source rich in energy.
Large polymers such as starch are partially hydrolyzed in the mouth by the enzyme amylase before being cleaved further into sugars.

Many mammals have seen great expansions in the copy number of the amylase gene.
These duplications allow for the pancreatic amylase AMY2 to re-target to the salivary glands, allowing animals to detect starch by taste and to digest starch more efficiently and in higher quantities.

Following the agricultural revolution 12,000 years ago, human diet began to shift more to plant and animal domestication in place of hunting and gathering.
Starch has become a staple of the human diet.
Despite the obvious benefits, early humans did not possess salivary amylase, a trend that is also seen in evolutionary relatives of the human, such as chimpanzees and bonobos, who possess either one or no copies of the gene responsible for producing salivary amylase.

Like in other mammals, the pancreatic alpha-amylase AMY2 was duplicated multiple times.
One event allowed it to evolve salivary specificity, leading to the production of amylase in the saliva (named in humans as AMY1).
The 1p21.1 region of human chromosome 1 contains many copies of these genes, variously named AMY1A, AMY1B, AMY1C, AMY2A, AMY2B, and so on.

However, not all humans possess the same number of copies of the AMY1 gene.
Populations known to rely more on saccharides have a higher number of AMY1 copies than human populations that, by comparison, consume little starch.
The number of AMY1 gene copies in humans can range from six copies in agricultural groups such as European-American and Japanese (two high starch populations) to only two to three copies in hunter-gatherer societies such as the Biaka, Datog, and Yakuts.

The correlation that exists between starch consumption and number of AMY1 copies specific to population suggest that more AMY1 copies in high starch populations has been selected for by natural selection and considered the favorable phenotype for those individuals.
Therefore, it is most likely that the benefit of an individual possessing more copies of AMY1 in a high starch population increases fitness and produces healthier, fitter offspring.

This fact is especially apparent when comparing geographically close populations with different eating habits that possess a different number of copies of the AMY1 gene.
Such is the case for some Asian populations that have been shown to possess few AMY1 copies relative to some agricultural populations in Asia.
This offers strong evidence that natural selection has acted on this gene as opposed to the possibility that the gene has spread through genetic drift.

Variations of amylase copy number in dogs mirrors that of human populations, suggesting they acquired the extra copies as they followed humans around.
Unlike humans whose amylase levels depend on starch content in diet, wild animals eating a broad range of foods tend to have more copies of amylase.
This may have to do with mainly detection of starch as opposed to digestion



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of AMYLASE:
Physical state: powder, (lyophilized)
Color: Beige
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: 0.004Pa at 25℃
Density: 1.37 [at 20℃]
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Storage: 2-8°C
Appearance: powder
Color: Beige
Vapor pressure: 0.004Pa at 25℃



FIRST AID MEASURES of AMYLASE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of AMYLASE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of AMYLASE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of AMYLASE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of AMYLASE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: -20 °C
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of AMYLASE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

AMYLOGLUCOSIDASE, N° CAS : 9032-08-0, Nom INCI : AMYLOGLUCOSIDASE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-877-2. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

ANISOLE, N° CAS : 100-66-3, Nom INCI : ANISOLE, Nom chimique : Methoxybenzene; Phenol Methyl Ether, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 202-876-1. Ses fonctions (INCI)Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

pineapple flavor; artificial pineapple cloud flavor; natural & artificial pineapple cloud flavor; artificial pineapple flavor; fresh pineapple flavor; pineapple flavor for confectionery; natural & artificial pineapple flavor for juice base; pineapple flavor for pharmaceuticals; pineapple flavor organic; pineapple flavor organic-compliant; pineapple fruit powder

Ananas Sativus Fruit Extract; ananas ananas fruit; ananas bracteatus var. hondurensis fruit;ananas comosus fruit; ananas domestica fruit; ananas parguazensis fruit; ananas sativa fruit; bromelia ananas fruit; bromelia comosa fruit; pineapple (ananas sativus); plant material derived from the fruit of the pineapple, ananas comosus, bromeliaceae CAS NO:68917-26-0

ananas ananas fruit; ananas bracteatus var. hondurensis fruit;ananas comosus fruit; ananas domestica fruit; ananas parguazensis fruit; ananas sativa fruit; bromelia ananas fruit; bromelia comosa fruit; pineapple (ananas sativus); plant material derived from the fruit of the pineapple, ananas comosus, bromeliaceae CAS NO:68917-26-0

Pimpinella Anisum Fruit Extract ; anise fruit extract; extract of the fruit of the anise, pimpinella anisum l., umbelliferae cas no:84775-42-8

ANDIROBA OIL; carapa guaianensis seed oil; andiroba tree seed oil; fixed oil expressed from the seeds of carapa guaianensis, meliaceae CSA NO:352458-32-3

Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract is an effective herbal remedy for a number of skin problems.
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract, a traditional herbal ingredient, offers deep hydration and moisture retention, ideal for dry and dehydrated skin.


Chem/IUPAC Name: Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is the extract of the roots of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Liliaceae
INCI name: ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT



SYNONYMS:
extract of the roots of anemarrhena asphodeloides, liliaceae



Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root extract is a natural raw material extracted from the roots of Anemarrhena Asphodeloides
which helps to strengthen skin elasticity, supply nutrients, and moisturize.
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is more commonly known as Zhi Mu root.
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is rich in sarsasapogenin.


Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.
Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract is an effective herbal remedy for a number of skin problems.
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract, a traditional herbal ingredient, offers deep hydration and moisture retention, ideal for dry and dehydrated skin.


Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract has anti-aging benefits, reduces fine lines and wrinkles, and improves skin firmness.
With anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract calms irritated skin and protects against environmental stress.
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is recommended for dry, mature or sensitive skin.


Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is important to test new products and follow a holistic skincare routine.
Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract is a potent botanical remedy derived from the roots of the Anemarrhena asphodeloides plant, a perennial herb native to East Asia.


Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for centuries, valued for its purported therapeutic properties.
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract, also known as the "zhi mu" plant, holds significant importance in TCM as a yin-tonifying herb, believed to nourish and balance bodily fluids.


Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is classified as a "yin-tonifying" herb, meaning it is believed to nourish and replenish the body's yin (cool, moistening) energies.
This property makes Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract particularly valuable in addressing conditions associated with excessive heat, dryness, or depletion of bodily fluids.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT:
Cosmetic Uses of Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract: skin conditioning
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract can be used to treat eczema, psoriasis, acne, and other inflammatory skin conditions.
Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, making it an ideal remedy for skin conditions and is safe for all skin types.


In traditional Chinese medicine, Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is used for a number of health benefits.
The Chinese name for anemarrhena asphodeloides, Zhi mu, literally means "to stop sweat."
The root extract, Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract, is used as a diuretic to treat edema, water retention, and urinary tract infections.


Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is also used to treat skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne.
Several recent reviews have reported that anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract can enlarge or make certain areas of the body, including the breasts and buttocks, larger.


Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract is said to work by helping the body produce more fat cells in these areas.
This can lead to an increase in the size and fullness of the breasts and buttocks.
Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract is also said to stimulate the production of collagen and elastin.


Both are important for maintaining skin elasticity and tone.
However, these claims are not supported by scientific research.
The TA-III found in Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract may protect against photoaging, and daily application of TA-III for 12 weeks has been found to significantly reduce the signs of aging on the face by limiting wrinkle formation.


Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is commonly used in East Asian medicine.
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract boosts skin elasticity, strengthens, soothes, improves skin tone, plumping-effect


Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root extract is made from natural ingredients, so it can be used with confidence, and only raw materials that have been rigorously and meticulously verified for 17 years of Francoise are used.
Additionally, Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract has been traditionally employed to promote kidney health and regulate water metabolism.


-Traditional Uses of Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract in Herbal Medicine:
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract has been revered in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years, with its roots being a staple ingredient in many herbal formulations.
Historically, Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract has been used to treat a range of ailments, including fevers, inflammation, respiratory conditions, and diabetes.



FUNCTIONS OF ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT:
*Skin conditioning:
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract maintains skin in good condition
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is present in 0.04% of cosmetics.



POTENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS OF ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT:
Based on scientific research and traditional knowledge, Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract has been associated with several potential health benefits:

Antioxidant Properties:
The presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and saponins in the extract has been linked to Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract's antioxidant activity, which may help protect cells from oxidative stress and associated damage.

Anti-inflammatory Effects:
Studies have suggested that compounds found in Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract may possess anti-inflammatory properties, potentially making it useful in managing inflammatory conditions.

Antimicrobial Activity:
Certain phytochemicals in Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal strains, indicating its potential for applications in treating infectious diseases.

Antidiabetic Properties:
Traditional use and modern research have explored the potential of Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract in managing diabetes and its associated complications.
Some studies have suggested that Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract may help regulate blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity.

Skin Health:
Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract has been explored for its potential applications in skincare, such as promoting wound healing and addressing skin disorders like atopic dermatitis.

Respiratory Benefits:
Traditional Chinese medicine has utilized Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract to alleviate respiratory conditions, and modern research is investigating its potential efficacy in managing asthma, bronchitis, and other respiratory ailments.



MODERN APPLICATIONS AND COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS OF ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT:
With the growing interest in natural and botanical ingredients, Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract has found its way into various commercial products across different industries.
In the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sectors, Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract is being explored for its potential therapeutic applications, particularly in the development of natural remedies for diabetes, inflammatory conditions, and skincare products.

The cosmetic industry has also embraced Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract, incorporating it into skincare formulations, such as serums, creams, and lotions, due to its antioxidant and anti-aging properties.

Additionally, Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract has been utilized in the production of herbal teas and dietary supplements, catering to consumers seeking natural remedies for various health concerns.
The increasing demand for natural and plant-based products has driven the popularity of Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract-based products, as consumers seek alternatives to synthetic compounds.

Conclusion
Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract is a powerful botanical remedy steeped in the rich history and cultural traditions of traditional Chinese medicine. With its diverse phytochemical composition and potential health benefits, this ancient remedy has garnered significant interest in modern healthcare and wellness practices.

From its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties to its potential applications in managing diabetes, skin disorders, and respiratory ailments, Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract holds promising therapeutic potential. However, further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and establish its efficacy in various therapeutic applications.

As we continue to explore the vast wealth of knowledge and wisdom found in traditional herbal medicine, Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract serves as a testament to the enduring value of nature's botanical treasures. By embracing and studying these ancient remedies, we may unlock new frontiers in modern healthcare and contribute to the development of safe, effective, and sustainable therapies.



EFFICACY OF ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT:
- The extract exhibits strong anti-inflammatory properties
- helping to prevent premature aging
- alleviate redness and sensitivity

Safety:
- gentle and non-irritating
- derived from a natural plant source

Description:
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is a beneficial ingredient used in cosmetics that offers multiple advantages for your skin.
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is derived from the root of the Anemarrhena Asphodeloides plant, known for its medicinal properties.

One of the main benefits of Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is its ability to soothe and calm the skin.
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract has anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce redness, irritation, and sensitivity, making it suitable for those with sensitive or reactive skin.

Additionally, Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract has hydrating properties that help replenish moisture and improve the skin's barrier function.
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract also aids in promoting a more balanced complexion by regulating sebum production.
By incorporating products with Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract into your skincare routine, you can enjoy the benefits of soothing relief, improved hydration, and a calmer, healthier-looking complexion.



BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT:
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is a perennial herbaceous plant indigenous to regions of East Asia, including China, Korea, and Japan.
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is characterized by its long, slender leaves and small, white flowers that bloom during the summer months.
The plant's roots, which are the primary source of the medicinal extract, are thick and fleshy, with a cylindrical shape and light brown exterior.

Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract thrives in well-drained soils and prefers a warm, temperate climate.
Cultivation of v involves careful management of soil conditions and temperature, as well as proper harvesting techniques to ensure the quality and potency of the roots.



PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT:
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is rich in various phytochemicals, including saponins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds.
These bioactive compounds are believed to contribute to the plant's therapeutic properties and potential health benefits.

Saponins, such as timosaponins and anemarsaponins, are among the most abundant phytochemicals found in Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract.
These compounds have been studied for their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities.

Flavonoids, including quercetin and kaempferol derivatives, are also present in the extract and are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Additionally, phenolic compounds like chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid have been identified, contributing to the extract's antioxidant and potential chemopreventive effects.

Numerous research studies have investigated the bioactive constituents and pharmacological effects of Anemarrhena asphodeloides root extract, shedding light on its potential therapeutic applications.

As a skin care professional, I am always eager to explore and share knowledge about lesser-known, yet effective ingredients, such as Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract.
This traditional herbal ingredient, Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract, has quietly become a valuable part of modern skin care, and here's why:


*Hydration and Moisture Retention:
One of the foremost properties of Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is its ability to deeply hydrate the skin.
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract contains natural saponins known for their moisturizing properties, making it an excellent ingredient for dry and dehydrated skin.


*Anti-Aging Benefits:
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract also contributes to anti-aging by helping to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
This is achieved in part through its hydrating effect, which helps to plump the skin and make Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract firmer and smoother.


*Soothing Inflammation:
Due to its natural anti-inflammatory properties, Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is effective in calming irritated and inflamed skin.
This makes Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract ideal for use in products intended for sensitive or problematic skin.


*Improves Skin Elasticity:
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is also known to help improve skin elasticity.
This is important not only to fight signs of ageing but also to maintain a healthy and robust skin structure.


*Antioxidant Properties:
With its natural antioxidants, Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract protects the skin from damage caused by free radicals and environmental stressors, which is essential for maintaining a healthy skin barrier.

As a skin care professional, I recommend products containing Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract especially for those with dry, mature or sensitive skin.
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is important to remember that even natural ingredients can have different effects on different skin types, so it is always a good idea to test a new product on a small area of ​​the skin before full use.
As always, a holistic approach to skincare, which includes both internal and external factors, is key to achieving optimal skin health.



WHAT DOES ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Skin conditioning



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT:
Chem/IUPAC Name: Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract is the extract of the roots of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Liliaceae
INCI name: ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT



FIRST AID MEASURES of ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Angelica Dahurica Root Extract belongs to the following substance groups
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract contains chemicals that might kill cancer cells and fungus, reduce anxiety, and settle the stomach.


Chem/IUPAC Name: Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is an extract of the roots of Angelica dahurica, Umbelliferae



SYNONYMS:
American Angelica, Angélica, Angelica acutiloba, Angelica archangelica, Angelica atropurpurea, Angelica curtisi, Angelica Dahurica, Angelica officinalis, Angelica sylvestris, Angelicae Dahuricae, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Angelicae Fructus, Angelicae Herba, Angelicae Radix, Angelica sylvestris, Angelicae, Angélique, Angélique Archangélique, Angélique Cultivée, Angélique de Bohème, Angélique des Jardins, Angélique Médicinale, Angélique Officinale, Angélique Sauvage, Angélique Vraie, Archangelica officinalis, Archangélique, Bai Zhi, Dang Gui (Angelica root), Du Huo, Garden Angelica, European Angelica, Herbe aux Anges, Herbe du Saint-Esprit, Japanese Angelica, Racine du Saint Esprit, Radix Angelicae, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, Root of the Holy Ghost, Wild Angelica, Wild Parsnip, Angelica dahurica root, Dahurian Angelica Root (Angelica Dahurica), Dahurian Angelica Root, Angelica dahurica root, Angelica Dahurica Root Dry Extract, Angelica Dahurica Root Extract, Angelica Dahurica Root Powder, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Angelica Dahurica), Bai Zhi, Baizhi (Angelica Dahurica), Dahurian Angelica Root, Dahurian Angelica Root (Angelica Dahurica), Ezo Senkyu Root, Fragrant Angelica Root, O-sisi-udo Root, Udo-modaki Root, Yoroi-gusa Root, ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT [JAN], ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT [WHO-DD], ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT DRY EXTRACT, ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT, ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT POWDER, ANGELICAE DAHURICAE RADIX, ANGELICAE DAHURICAE RADIX (ANGELICA DAHURICA), ANGELICAE DAHURICAE RADIX (ANGELICA DAHURICA) [CHP], BAI ZHI, BAIZHI (ANGELICA DAHURICA), DA-9805 COMPONENT ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT, DAHURIAN ANGELICA ROOT, DAHURIAN ANGELICA ROOT (ANGELICA DAHURICA), EZO SENKYU ROOT, FRAGRANT ANGELICA ROOT, O-SISI-UDO ROOT, UDO-MODAKI ROOT, YOROI-GUSA ROOT, Dahurian Angelica, Fragrant Angelica



Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is a species of plant that is part of the Angelica family and is commonly used for medicinal purposes in the Far East.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is known for its diuretic properties and is believed to possess antispasmodic, diaphoretic, expectorant, bitter aromatic, carminative, and local anti-inflammatory properties.


Angelica Dahurica Root Extract contains chemicals that might kill cancer cells and fungus, reduce anxiety, and settle the stomach.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract belongs to the following substance groups.
Cosmetics Ingredients are subject to regulation.


Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is extracted from the dried roots of the Umbelliferae plant Angelica dahuricae.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract mainly contains coumarins and volatile oil components, and has various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms, anti-tumor, and liver protection.


One of the main active ingredients of Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is coumarins.
Coumarin compounds can be widely used as anticoagulant and antithrombotic drugs.
They also promote lipolysis and inhibit fat synthesis. In addition, they also have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties.


Angelica Dahurica Root Extract can relieve pain, relieve cough and asthma, and scavenge free radicals.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is also known as bai zhi, is extracted from the root of the plant and a herbal ingredient with significant effect to inhibit melanin and whitening freckles.


Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is an extract of the roots of Angelica dahurica.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract, commonly known as Dahurian angelica, is a widely grown species of angelica native to Siberia, Russia Far East, Mongolia, Northeastern China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.


Angelica Dahurica Root Extract tends to grow near river banks, along streams and among rocky shrubs.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is widely used for its medicinal properties and is known to contain furanocoumarins and angelicotoxin.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is also commonly known as Chinese angelica, the garden angelica, root of the Holy Ghost, and wild angelica, as well as by its Chinese name, bai zhi (白芷).


Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is a perennial plant that grows to about 1–2 meters tall.
The plant usually has a brown cylindrical root that grows approximately 2–5 cm thick.
The stem is purplish-green in color, ribbed, and it usually ranges from 2–8 cm thick in diameter.


First year plants remain in a basal clump about 30 inches high, fuller in rich soil, with complex divided leaves 10-20 inches long, and reddish-purple coloring at the base.
In the second or third year plant, the plant sends up a sturdy, hollow one-inch diameter stalk to 8 feet.


The plant produces greenish-white flowers on umbels up to 12 inches in diameter that bloom in the summer, usually from July to August or September.
The seeds of the plant follow, turning from greenish-white to medium brown and papery as they ripen from August to October.
The flowers of the plant are hermaphroditic (containing both male and female reproductive organs) and are pollinated via insects.


The plant also undergoes self pollination.
The roots and leaves of the plant are strongly aromatic.
The roots have a scent resembling that of wild carrots (Daucus carota), and a pungent, bitter taste.


Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is not an approved drug.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is a genus of plants and herbs that’s often used in traditional medicine, particularly in Asian countries.


The roots of many species of Angelica Dahurica Root Extract are used to make herbal medicines.
However, Angelica Dahurica Root Extract typically refers to the species Angelica archangelica (A. archangelica).
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract may also refer to Angelica sinensis (A. sinensis).


The roots and other parts of both of these plants have a long history of use in traditional and herbal medicine, although Angelica Dahurica Root Extract has been more thoroughly researched.
Plants in the Angelica genus grow up to 10 feet (3 meters) tall and have globe-like clusters of green or yellow flowers that blossom into small yellow fruits.


They also tend to have a strong, unique smell due to the aromatic compounds they contain.
The scent is often described as musky, earthy, or herbaceous.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is known by a variety of names, including dong quai and female ginseng.


On the other hand, Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is commonly known as wild celery or Norwegian angelica.
This type grows mainly in European countries, where Angelica Dahurica Root Extract’s used in certain culinary applications or as an herbal medicine.
Although the name Angelica Dahurica Root Extract implies that just the root is used, most A. archangelica supplements and herbal medicine products contain the root, seeds, fruits, and/or flowers of the plant. A. sinensis products are typically only made with the root of the plant.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT:
People use Angelica Dahurica Root Extract for indigestion, quitting smoking, excessive urination at night, decline in memory and thinking skills, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract can be used in the pharmaceutical industry


Angelica Dahurica Root Extract can be used in the cosmetics industry
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract can be used in the food industry
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is used ingredients for skincare


Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is used regulating cosmetics
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract helps to improve micro-circulation, promotes skin metabolism and delay skin ageing.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract has also been used in making natural skincare products such as handmade soaps, scrubs, creams, lotions, etc.


Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is used primarily for the treatment of headaches relieving the nasal obstruction, detoxification of the blood, and as a pain reliever.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract has been used as an anti-inflammatory, laxative, sedative, and anti-fungal cream for skin, as well as treating swollen gums and toothaches.


Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is used in traditional Chinese medicine for various purposes, including hormonal balance, digestive support, and liver detoxification.
On the other hand, Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is traditionally used in European countries for digestive problems, circulation issues, and anxiety.


Angelica Dahurica Root Extract’s native to China and other countries in East Asia, where it’s used primarily in traditional medicine to treat female hormonal issues.
This type grows mainly in European countries, where Angelica Dahurica Root Extract’s used in certain culinary applications or as an herbal medicine.


A. sinensis and Angelica Dahurica Root Extract are related, but typically only the root of the A. sinensis plant is used in herbal medicine, while the entire A. archangelica plant is used.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract, particularly A. archangelica, has some culinary uses.


Angelica Dahurica Root Extract’s sometimes used in the production of gin and other spirits, and the leaves can be candied to use as a garnish or decoration.
However, Angelica Dahurica Root Extract’s primarily used as an herbal remedy.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract has a long history of use as a traditional medicine in Europe and Russia, where it grows wild.


Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is used in traditional Chinese medicine, primarily for women’s health purposes.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract is used for women’s health issues in traditional Chinese medicine, whereas A. archangelica is utilized in certain parts of Europe as an herbal remedy and for making spirits.


-Other uses of Angelica Dahurica Root Extract:
The stalks of Angelica Dahurica Root Extract have also been commonly used as a food ingredient.
The stems have been made into decorative items.

The seeds are often used as a seasoning condiment in food as well as a source of flavoring in liqueur.
Another popular usage for this herb is its ingredient in cosmetic products.


-Medicinal uses of Angelica Dahurica Root Extract:
The medicinal properties of the Angelica Dahurica Root Extract has been dated back to Ancient China as early as 400 BC.
Zhang Cong Zhen (1156–1228), a famous physician in the military, believed that diseases were caused by external evil factors, or pathogens, that entered the human body.

He listed Bai Zhi as an herb that purge the body of any negative influences such as heat, clamminess, dryness, and cold on the skin.
Today, the roots are used for other numerous treatments of illnesses such as headaches, relieving nasal obstruction, detoxification of the blood, as a pain reliever, an anti-inflammatory, a laxative, sedative, anti-fungal cream for skin, as well as treating swollen gums and toothaches.



FUNCTION OF ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT:
1. Effect on the central nervous system.
A small dose of Angelica Dahurica Root Extract can excite the respiratory center, vasomotor center and vagus nerve of the oblongata, thereby enhancing breathing, raising blood pressure and slowing the pulse.

2. Hemostatic effect.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract has a significant effect on shortening or reducing the bleeding time, bleeding volume, coagulation time and prothrombin time of animals.

3. Effect on the uterus.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract has anti-estrogenic activity

4. Antibacterial effect.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract decoction has a certain inhibitory effect on some bacteria.

5. Anti-cancer effect.
The water extract of Angelica Dahurica Root Extract can promote the production of interferon in the body and has anti-tumor effects.

6. Hepatoprotective effect.
Parsley B isolated from Angelica Dahurica Root Extract has the effect of inhibiting concanavalin A-induced hepatitis.

7. Effect on skin.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract has an inhibitory effect on tyrosine, so it can be used for skin whitening.



WHAT DOES ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Skin conditioning



BENEFITS OF ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT:
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract may also offer some benefits, but little research has been done on this herb.

*Anticancer properties
In test-tube studies, Angelica Dahurica Root Extract — like A. sinensis — shows some promising anticancer and anti-tumor effects.
These effects are thought to come from angelicin and imperatorin, two powerful phytochemicals found in Angelica Dahurica Root Extract.


*Antimicrobial effects
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract may also kill harmful bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
In test-tube studies, Angelica Dahurica Root Extract essential oil can kill disease-causing bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Angelica Dahurica Root Extract extract and some isolated compounds from it, including imperatorin, also exhibit antiviral activity against the herpes simplex (cold sore) virus and coxsackievirus, which causes digestive illness.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract also shows promise as a potential food-safe preservative to inhibit mold growth, as it can kill mold that grows on walnuts.


*Anti-anxiety effects
Finally, there’s some compelling evidence from animal studies that Angelica Dahurica Root Extract may help reduce anxiety.

Summary
A. sinensis offers potential benefits for wound healing, menopause, and arthritis. Angelica Dahurica Root Extract may provide anti-anxiety and antimicrobial benefits.
Both types can kill certain cancer cells in test-tube studies, but more research in humans is needed.



DOWNSIDES OF ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT:
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract, particularly A. sinensis, has known side effects and may cause some drug interactions.
While Angelica Dahurica Root Extract may likewise have some potential side effects, it has not been studied as much as A. sinensis.

There have been suspected cases of high dose Angelica Dahurica Root Extract supplements causing heart problems. A. sinensis may also increase your blood pressure.

Angelica Dahurica Root Extract may likewise interact with blood thinners like warfarin, possibly causing dangerous and potentially fatal bleeding in certain instances.
If you’re taking a blood thinner, you should not use Angelica Dahurica Root Extract without first clearing it with your healthcare provider.

Additionally, members of the Angelica genus contain furanocoumarins, which are the same compounds in grapefruit that may interact with many drugs, including certain cholesterol and anti-seizure medications.
Talk to your healthcare provider before supplementing with any type of Angelica if you’re taking prescription medications that carry a grapefruit warning.

Furthermore, know that photodermatitis, which is an abnormal skin response to ultraviolet (UV) rays, and contact dermatitis are also a concern when handling the angelica plant.

Finally, due to a lack of evidence regarding their safety in pregnant and breastfeeding women, you should avoid taking Angelica Dahurica Root Extract and A. sinensis if you’re pregnant, trying to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.

Summary
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract may increase your blood pressure, cause heart problems, and interact with blood thinners.
Additionally, plants in the Angelica genus may interact with drugs that carry a grapefruit warning.



TYPE OF PREPARATION OF ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT:
Extract (solvent extract)



FUNCTIONS OF ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SKIN CONDITIONING
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract maintains the skin in good condition



PROPAGATION OF ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT:
In an ideal climate, most species of Angelica Dahurica Root Extract, including the dahurican root, can thrive in moist and shady environments, at the same time where sun is accessible when necessary.

It is best to plant fresh seeds of this plant once available.
Once the seeds have ripened, its color brown and texture papery, they are immediately sown in a cold frame in deep, moist, fertile soil.

Though the plants can grow under semi-shade or full-shaded conditions, the seeds require light for it to germinate.
In addition, since this is a perennial plant, seeds are not required for its growth. A. dahurica can grow back naturally on its own, year after year.
The Dahurican roots are primarily produced in China's Sichuan province, in the Suining district.



CULTIVATION OF ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT:
The Dahurican roots are harvested twice a year during the summer and autumn seasons.
Its cylindrical roots must be harvested before the plant's stalk emerges.
The leaves are removed, the side roots are trimmed, and the roots are thinly sliced, longitudinally.

Afterwards, the sliced roots are dried under the sun.
In Suining, 70% of its usage are for general purposes whereas 100% of its usage are for medicinal purposes.
The roots are also harvested and cultivated in Taiwan, Japan, and Korea.



BENEFITS OF ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT:
Overall, there’s very little scientific evidence regarding the benefits of Angelica Dahurica Root Extract — neither A. sinensis nor A. archangelica.

A. sinensis benefits
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract’s thought that most of the potential benefits of A. sinensis come from ligustilide, a powerful compound that comprises approximately 1% of the plant and provides much of its strong fragrance.

*Wound healing
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract may promote wound healing by encouraging angiogenesis, or the creation of new blood vessels.
There’s also some early evidence that Angelica Dahurica Root Extract can specifically promote the healing of diabetic foot wounds.
These can be more severe and slower to heal than other wounds due to the blood vessel and tissue damage that high blood sugar levels cause.

*Relief of menopausal hot flashes
One of the most common uses of A. sinensis, especially in traditional Chinese medicine, is the management of menopausal symptoms and other female hormonal issues.

Complementary therapies are also growing in popularity, as more people seek out natural options for menopause symptoms like hot flashes or night sweats.
Some evidence suggests that decreasing levels of serotonin in the body can contribute to menopausal hot flashes, and Angelica Dahurica Root Extract may help maintain or increase circulating levels of serotonin — thereby reducing the severity and frequency of hot flashes.

Still, there’s very little high quality evidence to support the use of Angelica Dahurica Root Extract for menopause symptoms, nor any long-term evidence of its safety in menopausal women.

*Arthritis relief
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract may provide protection against both osteoarthritis, or joint “wear and tear,” as well as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an inflammatory, autoimmune condition of the joints.

Supplementing with Angelica Dahurica Root Extract may decrease inflammation, prevent further joint damage, and promote cartilage repair in osteoarthritis.
Angelica Dahurica Root Extract may decrease the inflammatory response, reducing pain and improving some of its other symptoms.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT:
Pharmacodynamics: Not Available
Mechanism of action: Not Available
Absorption: Not Available
Volume of distribution: Not Available
Protein binding: Not Available
Metabolism: Not Available
Route of elimination: Not Available
Half-life: Not Available
Clearance: Not Available



FIRST AID MEASURES of ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

angelica archangelica extract; extract of the whole herb, holy ghost, angelica archangelica l., apiaceae; garden angelica extract; angelica fluid extract; angelica spray-dried powder extract; archangelica norvegica extract; archangelica officinalis extract CAS NO:84775-41-7

SYNONYMS Lactose; (+)-Lactose; Lactose anhydrous; Milk sugar; 4-(beta-D-Galactosido)-D-glucose; 4-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-glucose; Aletobiose; D-Lactose; 1-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-4-D-glucopyranose; Lactobiose; Lactosum anhydricum; beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucopyranose; (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6- ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl) oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol; CAS NO:63-42-3

Aniline (from Portuguese anil 'indigo shrub', and -ine indicating a derived substance) is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2.
Aniline is a type of organic base which is used in the making of several dyes, explosives, plastics, drugs, and rubber, and photographic chemicals.
Aniline is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starting material for fine chemical synthesis.

CAS Number: 62-53-3
EC Number: 200-539-3
Chemical Formula: C6H7N
Molar Mass: 93.129 g·mol−1

Aniline is used in rubber accelerators and anti-oxidants, dyes and intermediates, photographic chemicals, as isocyanates for urethane foams, in pharmaceuticals, explosives, petroleum refining; and in production of diphenylamine, phenolics, herbicides and fungicides.
Aniline is also used in the manufacture of polyurethanes, rubber processing chemicals, pesticides, fibres, dyes and pigments, photographic chemicals, and pharmaceuticals.

Aniline is an aromatic primary amine that may be used as a reactant in the synthesis of organic intermediates such as 3-chloro-N-phenyl-pyridin-2-amine, (Z)-methyl 3-(phenylamino)but-2-enoate, 2-iodo-N-phenylbenzamide, 2,4-dichloroquinoline and N-(2-propynyl)aniline.

Aniline (from Portuguese anil 'indigo shrub', and -ine indicating a derived substance) is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2.
Consisting of a phenyl group (−C6H5) attached to an amino group (−NH2), aniline is the simplest aromatic amine.

Aniline is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starting material for fine chemical synthesis.
Aniline main use is in the manufacture of precursors to polyurethane, dyes, and other industrial chemicals.

Like most volatile amines, Aniline has the odor of rotten fish.
Aniline ignites readily, burning with a smoky flame characteristic of aromatic compounds.
Aniline is toxic to humans.

Relative to benzene, Aniline is electron-rich.
Aniline thus participates more rapidly in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.

Likewise, Aniline is also prone to oxidation: while freshly purified aniline is an almost colorless oil, exposure to air results in gradual darkening to yellow or red, due to the formation of strongly colored, oxidized impurities.
Aniline can be diazotized to give a diazonium salt, which can then undergo various nucleophilic substitution reactions.

Like other amines, aniline is both a base (pKaH = 4.6) and a nucleophile, although less so than structurally similar aliphatic amines.
Because an early source of the benzene from which they are derived was coal tar, aniline dyes are also called coal tar dyes.

Aniline is a type of organic base which is used in the making of several dyes, explosives, plastics, drugs, and rubber, and photographic chemicals.
Anilines are the organic compounds that lie in the class of groups coming in the organic chemistry that is referred to as aminobenzene or phenylamine.

These compounds are known to be toxic and to be one of the classes of the aromatic amines.
They are used in a variety of industrial applications and possess all the characteristics of that of an aromatic compound.

The aniline compounds are known to have the formula C6H5NH2 in which the amino group is attached to the phenyl group. 
Aniline occurs in the form of a yellowish and slightly brownish oily liquid which has a fishy and a musty odour.

Aniline smells like a rotten fish.
Aniline is a chemical substance that is a flammable liquid and has a very unpleasant odour.

Aniline of aniline is soluble in water which is colourless to light brown.
Aniline chemical formula is C6H5NH2 or C6H7N.

Since Aniline consists of 6 carbon atoms, 7 hydrogen atoms, and 1 nitrogen atom in Aniline chemical formula, Aniline is an organic compound.
Today, we will learn about what is anilines, the phenylamine structure, Aniline physical properties and uses.

Aniline, an organic base used to make dyes, drugs, explosives, plastics, and photographic and rubber chemicals.

Aniline was first obtained in 1826 by the destructive distillation of indigo.
Aniline name is taken from the specific name of the indigo-yielding plant Indigofera anil (Indigofera suffruticosa); Aniline chemical formula is C6H5NH2.

Aniline is prepared commercially by the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene or by the action of ammonia on chlorobenzene.
The reduction of nitrobenzene can also be carried out with iron borings in aqueous acid.

A primary aromatic amine, aniline is a weak base and forms salts with mineral acids.
In acidic solution, nitrous acid converts aniline into a diazonium salt that is an intermediate in the preparation of a great number of dyes and other organic compounds of commercial interest.

When aniline is heated with organic acids, Aniline gives amides, called anilides, such as acetanilide from aniline and acetic acid.
Monomethylaniline and dimethylaniline can be prepared from aniline and methyl alcohol.

Catalytic reduction of aniline yields cyclohexylamine.
Various oxidizing agents convert aniline to quinone, azobenzene, nitrosobenzene, p-aminophenol, and the phenazine dye aniline black.

Pure aniline is a highly poisonous, oily, colourless substance with a pleasant odour.

Aniline is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.
Aniline is used at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Anilines are an organic compound.
Aniline has a formula C6H5NH2 since Aniline has 6 carbon atoms, 1 nitrogen atom and 7 hydrogen atoms.

Anilines has a phenyl group attached to an amino group.
Aniline is the simplest aromatic amine.

Anilines are an industrially significant commodity chemical.
Like other volatile amines, Aniline has the odour of rotten fish.

Aniline ignites easily.
Aniline burns with a smoky flame characteristic of aromatic compounds.

Chemically, aniline is an electron-rich benzene derivative.
As a consequence, aniline reacts rapidly in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.

Aniline is also prone to oxidation.
Freshly purified aniline is a bit colourless oil, on exposure to air results in gradual darkening of the sample (to yellow or red) due to the formation of strongly coloured, oxidized impurities.

Aniline is diazotized to give a diazonium salt.
This salt then undergoes various nucleophilic substitution reactions.

Aniline appears as a yellowish to brownish oily liquid with a musty fishy odor.
Aniline is produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.

Aniline is used to manufacture other chemicals, especially dyes, photographic chemicals, agricultural chemicals and others.
Aniline is a clear to slightly yellow liquid with a characteristic odor.
Aniline does not readily evaporate at room temperature.

Aniline is slightly soluble in water and mixes readily with most organic solvents.
Aniline is used to make a wide variety of products such as polyurethane foam, agricultural chemicals, synthetic dyes, antioxidants, stabilizers for the rubber industry, herbicides, varnishes and explosives.

Aniline is an organic chemical compound, specifically a primary aromatic amine.
Aniline consists of a benzene ring attached to an amino group.

Aniline is oily and, although colorless, Aniline can be slowly oxidized and resinified in air to form impurities which can give Aniline a red-brown tint.
Aniline boiling point is 184 degree centigrade and Aniline melting point is -6 degree centegrade.

Aniline is a liquid at room temperature.
Like most volatile amines, Aniline possesses a somewhat unpleasant odour of rotten fish, and also has a burning aromatic taste; Aniline is a highly acrid poison.

Aniline ignites readily, burning with a large smoky flame.
Aniline reacts with strong acids to form salts containing the anilinium (or phenylammonium) ion (C6H5-NH3+), and reacts with acyl halides (such as acetyl chloride (ethanoyl chloride), CH3COCl) to form amides.

The amides formed from aniline are sometimes called anilides, for example CH3-CO-NH-C6H5 is acetanilide, for which the modern name is N-phenyl ethanamide.
Like phenols, aniline derivatives are highly reactive in electrophilic substitution reactions.
For example, sulfonation of aniline produces sulfanilic acid, which can be converted to sulfanilamide.

Sulfanilamide is one of the sulfa drugs which were widely used as antibacterial in the early 20th century.
Aniline was first isolated from the destructive distillation of indigo in 1826 by Otto Unverdorben.

In 1834, Friedrich Runge isolated from coal tar a substance which produced a beautiful blue color on treatment with chloride of lime; this he named kyanol or cyanol.
In 1841, C. J. Fritzsche showed that by treating indigo with caustic potash Aniline yielded an oil, which he named aniline, from the specific name of one of the indigo-yielding plants, Indigofera anil, anil being derived from the Sanskrit, dark-blue.

Uses of Aniline:
Aniline is predominantly used for the preparation of methylenedianiline and related compounds by condensation with formaldehyde.
The diamines are condensed with phosgene to give methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, a precursor to urethane polymers.

Other uses include rubber processing chemicals (9%), herbicides (2%), and dyes and pigments (2%).
As additives to rubber, aniline derivatives such as phenylenediamines and diphenylamine, are antioxidants.

Illustrative of the drugs prepared from aniline is paracetamol (acetaminophen, Tylenol).
The principal use of aniline in the dye industry is as a precursor to indigo, the blue of blue jeans.

Aniline is predominantly used as a chemical intermediate for the dye, agricultural, polymer, and rubber industries.
Aniline is also used as a solvent, and has been used as an antiknock compound for gasolines.

Aniline is used in the synthesis of dyes, rubber additives, drugs, photographic chemicals, isocyanates, and pesticides.

Aniline is used in mmanufacture dyes, medicinals, resins, varnishes, perfumes, shoe blacks; vulcanizing rubber; as solvent.
Aniline is stable, although small outlet, aniline is mainly used for preparation of analgesics, antipyretics, antiallergics, and vitamins.

Uses at industrial sites:
Aniline is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products.
Aniline has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Aniline is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Aniline can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture and manufacturing of Aniline.

Industry Uses:
Brightener
Dye
Heat transferring agent
Intermediate
Intermediates
Lubricating agent
Other (specify)
Processing aids not otherwise specified
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Consumer Uses:
Dye
Intermediate
Other (specify)

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Shakeout, Cleaning, and Finishing
Leather Tanning and Processing

Activities with risk of exposure:
Smoking cigarettes

Structure of Aniline:

Aryl-N distances:
In aniline, the C−N bond length is 1.41 Å, compared to 1.47 Å for cyclohexylamine, indicating partial π-bonding between N and C.
The C(aryl)-NH2 distance in anilines is highly sensitive to substituent effects.
This distance is 1.34 Å in 2,4,6-trinitroaniline vs 1.44 Å in 3-methylaniline.

Pyramidalization:
The amine in anilines is a slightly pyramidalized molecule, with hybridization of the nitrogen somewhere between sp3 and sp2.
The nitrogen is described as having high p character.
The amino group in aniline is flatter (i.e., Aniline is a "shallower pyramid") than that in an aliphatic amine, owing to conjugation of the lone pair with the aryl substituent.

The observed geometry reflects a compromise between two competing factors: stabilization of the N lone pair in an orbital with significant s character favors pyramidalization (orbitals with s character are lower in energy), while delocalization of the N lone pair into the aryl ring favors planarity (a lone pair in a pure p orbital gives the best overlap with the orbitals of the benzene ring π system).

Consistent with these factors, substituted anilines with electron donating groups are more pyramidalized, while those with electron withdrawing groups are more planar.
In the parent aniline, the lone pair is approximately 12% s character, corresponding to sp7.3 hybridization. (For comparison, alkylamines generally have lone pairs in orbitals that are close to sp3.)

The pyramidalization angle between the C–N bond and the bisector of the H–N–H angle is 142.5°.
For comparison, in more strongly pyramidal methylamine, this value is ~125°, while that of formamide has an angle of 180°.

Production of Aniline:
Industrial aniline production involves two steps.
First, benzene is nitrated with a concentrated mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid at 50 to 60 °C to yield nitrobenzene.
The nitrobenzene is then hydrogenated (typically at 200–300 °C) in the presence of metal catalysts.

The reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline was first performed by Nikolay Zinin in 1842, using inorganic sulfide as a reductant (Zinin reaction).
The reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline was also performed as part of reductions by Antoine Béchamp in 1854, using iron as the reductant (Bechamp reduction).

Aniline can alternatively be prepared from ammonia and phenol derived from the cumene process.

In commerce, three brands of aniline are distinguished: aniline oil for blue, which is pure aniline; aniline oil for red, a mixture of equimolecular quantities of aniline and ortho- and para-toluidines; and aniline oil for safranine, which contains aniline and ortho-toluidine and is obtained from the distillate (échappés) of the fuchsine fusion.

Related aniline derivatives:
Many analogues of aniline are known where the phenyl group is further substituted.
These include toluidines, xylidines, chloroanilines, aminobenzoic acids, nitroanilines, and many others.

They often are prepared by nitration of the substituted aromatic compounds followed by reduction.
For example, this approach is used to convert toluene into toluidines and chlorobenzene into 4-chloroaniline.
Alternatively, using Buchwald-Hartwig coupling or Ullmann reaction approaches, aryl halides can be aminated with aqueous or gaseous ammonia.

Manufacturing Methods of Aniline:
Nitrobenzene is hydrogenated to aniline, usually in more than 99% yield, using fixed-bed or fluidized-bed vapor-phase processes.
The most effective catalysts for the gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene seem to be copper or palladium on activated carbon or an oxidic support, in combination with other metals (Pb, V, P, Cr) as modifiers or promoters in order to achieve high activity and selectivity.

The industrial aniline processes of ICI and DuPont involve hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in the liquid phase.
Liquid-phase hydrogenation processes are operated at 90-200 °C and 100-600 kPa.

The liquid phase reaction may be carried out in slurry or in fluidized-bed reactors.
Conversion of nitrobenzene is normally complete after a single reactor pass with yields of 98 to 99%.

In the commercial phenol route developed, phenol is aminated in the vapor phase using ammonia in the presence of a silica-alumina catalyst.
The reaction is mildly exothermic (H = - 8.4 kJ/mol) and reversible, so high conversion is obtained only by the use of excess ammonia (mole ratio of 20:1) and a low reaction temperature, which also reduces the dissociation of ammonia.

By product impurities include diphenylamine, triphenylamine and carbazole.
Their formation is also inhibited by the use of excess ammonia.

Yields based on phenol and ammonia are >/= 96% and 80%, respectively.
In the process phenol and fresh and recycle ammonia are vaporized separately (to prevent yield losses) and combined in the fixed bed amination reactor (a) containing the silica-alumina catalyst. After the reaction at 370 °C and 1.7 MPa, the gas is cooled, partly condensed and the excess ammonia is recovered in a separation column, compressed and recycled.

The condensation product is passed through a drying column to remove water and then through a finishing column to separate aniline from residual phenol and impurities in vacuum (less than 80 kPa).
The phenol, containing some aniline (azeotropic mixture) is recycled.

Manufactured from nitrobenzene or chlorobenzene.

Derivation:
By (1) catalytic vapor-phase reduction of nitrobenzene with hydrogen;
(2) reduction of nitrobenzene with iron filings using hydrochloric acid as catalyst;
(3) catalytic reaction of chlorobenzene and aqueous ammonia;
(4) ammonolysis of phenol (Japan).

General Manufacturing Information of Aniline:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Cyclic Crude and Intermediate Manufacturing
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
Paper Manufacturing
Petrochemical Manufacturing
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Plastics Product Manufacturing
Rubber Product Manufacturing
Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing

Reactions of Aniline:
The chemistry of aniline is rich because Aniline has been cheaply available for many years.
Below are some classes of Aniline reactions.

Oxidation:
The oxidation of aniline has been heavily investigated, and can result in reactions localized at nitrogen or more commonly results in the formation of new C-N bonds.
In alkaline solution, azobenzene results, whereas arsenic acid produces the violet-coloring matter violaniline.

Chromic acid converts Aniline into quinone, whereas chlorates, in the presence of certain metallic salts (especially of vanadium), give aniline black.
Hydrochloric acid and potassium chlorate give chloranil.

Potassium permanganate in neutral solution oxidizes Aniline to nitrobenzene; in alkaline solution to azobenzene, ammonia, and oxalic acid; in acid solution to aniline black.
Hypochlorous acid gives 4-aminophenol and para-amino diphenylamine.

Oxidation with persulfate affords a variety of polyanilines.
These polymers exhibit rich redox and acid-base properties.

Electrophilic reactions at ortho- and para- positions:
Like phenols, aniline derivatives are highly susceptible to electrophilic substitution reactions.
Aniline high reactivity reflects that Aniline is an enamine, which enhances the electron-donating ability of the ring.
For example, reaction of aniline with sulfuric acid at 180 °C produces sulfanilic acid, H2NC6H4SO3H.

If bromine water is added to aniline, the bromine water is decolourised and a white precipitate of 2,4,6-tribromoaniline is formed.

To generate the mono-substituted product, a protection with acetyl chloride is required:
The reaction to form 4-bromoaniline is to protect the amine with acetyl chloride, then hydrolyse back to reform aniline.
The largest scale industrial reaction of aniline involves Aniline alkylation with formaldehyde.

An idealized equation is shown:
2C6H5NH2+CH2O⟶CH2(C6H4NH2)2+H2O

The resulting diamine is the precursor to 4,4'-MDI and related diisocyanates.

Reactions at nitrogen:

Basicity:
Aniline is a weak base.
Aromatic amines such as aniline are, in general, much weaker bases than aliphatic amines.
Aniline reacts with strong acids to form the anilinium (or phenylammonium) ion (C6H5−NH+3).

Traditionally, the weak basicity of aniline is attributed to a combination of inductive effect from the more electronegative sp2 carbon and resonance effects, as the lone pair on the nitrogen is partially delocalized into the pi system of the benzene ring.

Missing in such an analysis is consideration of solvation.
Aniline is, for example, more basic than ammonia in the gas phase, but ten thousand times less so in aqueous solution.

Acylation:
Aniline reacts with acyl chlorides such as acetyl chloride to give amides.
The amides formed from aniline are sometimes called anilides, for example CH3−CO−NH−C6H5 is acetanilide.
At high temperatures aniline and carboxylic acids react to give the anilides.

N-Alkylation:

N-Methylation of aniline with methanol at elevated temperatures over acid catalysts gives N-methylaniline and N,N-dimethylaniline:
C6H5NH2+2CH3OH⟶C6H5N(CH3)2+2H2O

N-Methylaniline and N,N-dimethylaniline are colorless liquids with boiling points of 193–195 °C and 192 °C, respectively.
These derivatives are of importance in the color industry.

Carbon disulfide derivatives:
Boiled with carbon disulfide, Aniline gives sulfocarbanilide (diphenylthiourea) (CS(NHC6H5)2), which may be decomposed into phenyl isothiocyanate (C6H5CNS), and triphenyl guanidine (C6H5N=C(NHC6H5)2).

Diazotization:
Aniline and its ring-substituted derivatives react with nitrous acid to form diazonium salts.
Through these intermediates, the amine group can be converted to a hydroxyl (−OH), nitrile (−CN), or halide group (−X, where X is a halogen) via Sandmeyer reactions.

This diazonium salt can also be reacted with NaNO2 and phenol to produce a dye known as benzeneazophenol, in a process called coupling.
The reaction of converting primary aromatic amine into diazonium salt is called diazotisation.
In this reaction primary aromatic amine reacts with sodium nitrile and with 2 moles of HCl which is known as Ice cold mixture because the temperature use to be 0.5 °C and Aniline forms benzene diazonium salt as major product and water and sodium chloride.

Other reactions:
Aniline reacts with nitrobenzene to produce phenazine in the Wohl-Aue reaction.
Hydrogenation gives cyclohexylamine.

Being a standard reagent in laboratories, aniline is used for many niche reactions.
Aniline acetate is used in the aniline acetate test for carbohydrates, identifying pentoses by conversion to furfural.
Aniline is used to stain neural RNA blue in the Nissl stain.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Aniline:
The acute toxicity of aniline involves Aniline activation in vivo to 4-hydroxyaniline and the formation of adducts with hemoglobin.
In erythrocytes, this is associated with the release of iron and the accumulation of methemoglobin and the development of hemolytic anemia and inflammation of the spleen.
Tumor formation is often observed in the spleen on prolonged administration.

Physical Properties of Aniline:

The physical properties of Anilines are given below:
Aniline has a boiling of about 184 oC and melting of about -6 o
Aniline is slightly soluble in water and sometimes freely soluble in the chemicals such as alcohol and ether.

Aniline tends to darken when exposed to air and light.
Aniline is said to be weak base and on Aniline reaction with strong acids, Aniline forms anilinium ion -C6H5-NH3+.
Aniline is said to be toxic when Aniline gets inhaled through the air or gets absorbed into the skin as Aniline produces nitrogen oxides which are harmful to the environment.

History of Aniline:
Aniline was first isolated in 1826 by Otto Unverdorben by destructive distillation of indigo.
He called Aniline Crystallin.

In 1834, Friedlieb Runge isolated a substance from coal tar that turned a beautiful blue color when treated with chloride of lime.
He named Aniline kyanol or cyanol.

In 1840, Carl Julius Fritzsche (1808–1871) treated indigo with caustic potash and obtained an oil that he named aniline, after an indigo-yielding plant, anil (Indigofera suffruticosa).
In 1842, Nikolay Nikolaevich Zinin reduced nitrobenzene and obtained a base that he named benzidam.
In 1843, August Wilhelm von Hofmann showed that these were all the same substance, known thereafter as phenylamine or aniline.

Synthetic dye industry:
In 1856, while trying to synthesise quinine, von Hofmann's student William Henry Perkin discovered mauveine and went into industry producing the first commercial synthetic dye.
Other aniline dyes followed, such as fuchsin, safranin, and induline.

At the time of mauveine's discovery, aniline was expensive. Soon thereafter, applying a method reported in 1854 by Antoine Béchamp, Aniline was prepared "by the ton".
The Béchamp reduction enabled the evolution of a massive dye industry in Germany.

Today, the name of BASF, originally Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik (English: Baden Aniline and Soda Factory), now the largest chemical supplier, echoes the legacy of the synthetic dye industry, built via aniline dyes and extended via the related azo dyes.
The first azo dye was aniline yellow.

Developments in medicine:
In the late 19th century, derivatives of aniline such as acetanilide and phenacetin emerged as analgesic drugs, with their cardiac-suppressive side effects often countered with caffeine.
During the first decade of the 20th century, while trying to modify synthetic dyes to treat African sleeping sickness, Paul Ehrlich – who had coined the term chemotherapy for his magic bullet approach to medicine – failed and switched to modifying Béchamp's atoxyl, the first organic arsenical drug, and serendipitously obtained a treatment for syphilis – salvarsan – the first successful chemotherapy agent.
Salvarsan's targeted microorganism, not yet recognized as a bacterium, was still thought to be a parasite, and medical bacteriologists, believing that bacteria were not susceptible to the chemotherapeutic approach, overlooked Alexander Fleming's report in 1928 on the effects of penicillin.

In 1932, Bayer sought medical applications of Aniline dyes.
Gerhard Domagk identified as an antibacterial a red azo dye, introduced in 1935 as the first antibacterial drug, prontosil, soon found at Pasteur Institute to be a prodrug degraded in vivo into sulfanilamide – a colorless intermediate for many, highly colorfast azo dyes – already with an expired patent, synthesized in 1908 in Vienna by the researcher Paul Gelmo for his doctoral research.
By the 1940s, over 500 related sulfa drugs were produced.

Medications in high demand during World War II (1939–45), these first miracle drugs, chemotherapy of wide effectiveness, propelled the American pharmaceutics industry.
In 1939, at Oxford University, seeking an alternative to sulfa drugs, Howard Florey developed Fleming's penicillin into the first systemic antibiotic drug, penicillin G. (Gramicidin, developed by René Dubos at Rockefeller Institute in 1939, was the first antibiotic, yet Aniline toxicity restricted Aniline to topical use.)
After World War II, Cornelius P. Rhoads introduced the chemotherapeutic approach to cancer treatment.

Rocket fuel:
Some early American rockets, such as the Aerobee and WAC Corporal, used a mixture of aniline and furfuryl alcohol as a fuel, with nitric acid as an oxidizer.
The combination is hypergolic, igniting on contact between fuel and oxidizer.

Aniline is also dense, and can be stored for extended periods.
Aniline was later replaced by hydrazine.

Human Metabolite Information of Aniline:

Tissue Locations:
Bladder
Epidermis
Prostate
Spleen

Reactivity Profile of Aniline:
Aniline is a heat sensitive base.
Combines with acids to form salts.

Dissolves alkali metals or alkaline earth metals with evolution of hydrogen.
Incompatible with albumin, solutions of iron, zinc and aluminum, and acids.

Couples readily with phenols and aromatic amines.
Easily acylated and alkylated.

Corrosive to copper and copper alloys.
Aniline can react vigorously with oxidizing materials (including perchloric acid, fuming nitric acid, sodium peroxide and ozone).

Reacts violently with BCl3.
Mixtures with toluene diisocyanate may ignite.

Undergoes explosive reactions with benzenediazonium-2-carboxylate, dibenzoyl peroxide, fluorine nitrate, nitrosyl perchlorate, peroxodisulfuric acid and tetranitromethane.
Ignites on contact with sodium peroxide + water.

Forms heat or shock sensitive explosive mixtures with anilinium chloride (detonates at 464 F/7.6 bar), nitromethane, hydrogen peroxide, 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane and peroxomonosulfuric acid.
Reacts with perchloryl fluoride form explosive products.

Handling and Storage of Aniline:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

Stop leak if you can do Aniline without risk.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Safe Storage:
Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids and food and feedstuffs.
Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Storage Conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

First Aid Measures of Aniline:

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Aniline Exposure:
Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to aniline may be severe and include dyspnea (shortness of breath), respiratory paralysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiovascular collapse.
Victims may experience headache, irritability, disorientation, lethargy, weakness, incoordination, dizziness, and drowsiness.

Delerium, shock, convulsions, and coma may also be observed.
Gastrointestinal effects include dryness of throat, nausea, and vomiting.

Painful urination, oliguria (scanty urination), and hematuria (bloody urine) may occur.
Aniline may irritate the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes; cyanosis (blue tint to skin and mucous membranes) is a common finding.

Note:
Victims at special risk include individuals with glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency, those with liver and kidney disorders, blood diseases, or a history of alcoholism.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures:
Acute exposure to aniline may require decontamination and life support for the victims.
Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination.

Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary.
Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:
Move victims to fresh air.
Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to aniline.

Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma.
If no pulse is detected, provide CPR.

If not breathing, provide artificial respiration.
If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
RUSH to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:
Remove victims from exposure.
Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to aniline.

Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma.
If no pulse is detected, provide CPR.

If not breathing, provide artificial respiration.
If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.
If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

Wash exposed skin areas twice with soap and water.
Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

RUSH to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:
Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma.
If no pulse is detected, provide CPR.

If not breathing, provide artificial respiration.
If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac.
Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.

Warning:
Ingestion of aniline may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness.
Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma.

The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended:
Children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz).
Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water.

If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered.
Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims.
If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert.
Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims.
Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

RUSH to a health care facility.

Fire Fighting of Aniline:
Fight fire from maximum distance.
Dike fire control water for later disposal and do not scatter material.

If a leak or spill has not ignited, use water spray to control vapors.
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus with a full face piece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode and special protective clothing.

Use water spray, dry chemical, foam or carbon dioxide.
Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

Identifiers of Aniline:
CAS Number:
62-53-3
142-04-1 (HCl)

3DMet: B00082
Beilstein Reference: 605631
ChEBI: CHEBI:17296
ChEMBL: ChEMBL538
ChemSpider: 5889
DrugBank: DB06728
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.491
EC Number: 200-539-3
Gmelin Reference: 2796
KEGG: C00292

PubChem CID:
6115
8870 (HCl)

RTECS number: BW6650000

UNII:
SIR7XX2F1K
576R1193YL (HCl)

UN number: 1547
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID8020090

InChI:
InChI=1S/C6H7N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H,7H2
Key: PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N check
InChI=1/C6H7N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H,7H2
Key: PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYAP

SMILES:
NC1CCCCC1
C1CCC(CC1)N

EC / List no.: 200-539-3
CAS no.: 62-53-3
Mol. formula: C6H7N

CAS number: 62-53-3
EC index number: 612-008-00-7
EC number: 200-539-3
Hill Formula: C₆H₇N
Chemical formula: C₆H₅NH₂
Molar Mass: 93.13 g/mol
HS Code: 2921 41 00

Synonym(s): Aminobenzene, Benzenamine
Linear Formula: C6H5NH2
CAS Number: 62-53-3
Molecular Weight: 93.13
Beilstein: 605631
EC Number: 200-539-3
MDL number: MFCD00007629
eCl@ss: 39030407
PubChem Substance ID: 24854547
NACRES: NA.21

Properties of Aniline:
Chemical formula: C6H7N
Molar mass: 93.129 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 1.0297 g/mL
Melting point: −6.30 °C (20.66 °F; 266.85 K)
Boiling point: 184.13 °C (363.43 °F; 457.28 K)
Solubility in water: 3.6 g/100 mL at 20 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.6 mmHg (20° C)
Acidity (pKa):
4.63 (conjugate acid; H2O)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −62.95·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.58364
Viscosity: 3.71 cP (3.71 mPa·s at 25 °C)

Boiling point: 184 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.021 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.2 - 11 %(V)
Flash point: 70 °C
Ignition temperature: 540 °C
Melting Point: -6 °C
pH value: 8.8 (36 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.49 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 36 g/l

Grade: ACS reagent
Quality Level: 200
Vapor density: 3.22 (185 °C, vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.7 mmHg ( 25 °C)
Assay: ≥99.5%
Form: liquid
Autoignition temp.: 1139 °F
Expl. lim.: 11 %

Impurities:
Hydrocarbons, passes test
Nitrobenzene, passes test (lim. ~0.001%)
≤0.01% chlorobenzene

Ign. residue: ≤0.005%
Refractive index: n20/D 1.586 (lit.)
bp: 184 °C (lit.)
mp: −6 °C (lit.)
Solubility: water: soluble
Density: 1.022 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: Nc1ccccc1
InChI: 1S/C6H7N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H,7H2
InChI key: PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 93.13
XLogP3: 0.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 93.057849228
Monoisotopic Mass: 93.057849228
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 46.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Aniline:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 1.020 - 1.022
Identity (IR): passes test

Appearance: Clear yellow to reddish brown color liquid
Purity (by GC): Min 99.5%
Weight/ mL at 20°C: 1.021-1.023 g
Water (H2O): Max 0.2%
Residue after Ignition: Max 0.005%
Hydrocarbons: Passes test
Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2): Max 0.003%
Copper (Cu): Max 0.00005%
Iron (Fe): Max 0.0001%
Lead (Pb): Max 0.0001%

Thermochemistry of Aniline:
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −3394 kJ/mol

Names of Aniline:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Aniline

Systematic IUPAC name:
Benzenamine

Other names:
Phenylamine
Aminobenzene
Benzamine
Indigo shrub molecule

Synonyms of Aniline:
ANILINE
Benzenamine
62-53-3
Phenylamine
Aminobenzene
Aminophen
Arylamine
Kyanol
Anilin
Cyanol
Benzeneamine
Benzidam
Krystallin
Anyvim
Anilina
C.I. Oxidation Base 1
Huile D'aniline
Rcra waste number U012
C.I. 76000
Aniline reagent
NCI-C03736
UN 1547
CHEBI:17296
MFCD00007629
SIR7XX2F1K
Benzene, amino
Anilin [Czech]
CI Oxidation Base 1
Caswell No. 051C
Huile d'aniline [French]
HSDB 43
Phenyleneamine
Anilinum
D'aniline
RCRA waste no. U012
Anilina [Italian, Polish]
CCRIS 44
Aniline and homologs
Aniline and homologues
EINECS 200-539-3
UNII-SIR7XX2F1K
UN1547
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 251400
benzenaminium
cyanole
CI 76000
BIDD:ER0581
phenyl amine
phenyl-amine
AI3-03053
8-aniline
Benzene, amino-
Fentanyl impurity F
2-bromobenzylchloride
Aniline-[13C]
PhNH2
ANILINUM [HPUS]
ANILINE [HSDB]
ANILINE [IARC]
ANILINE [INCI]
ANILINE [MI]
ANILINE [MART.]
ANILINE [USP-RS]
ANILINE [WHO-DD]
CHEMBL538
Epitope ID:117704
EC 200-539-3
Aniline, analytical standard
Aniline, AR, >=99%
Aniline, LR, >=99%
C6H5NH2
Discontinued, see H924510
ANILINE [USP IMPURITY]
DTXSID8020090
BDBM92572
Trimethoprim specified impurity K
Aniline, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
BENZENE,AMINO (ANILINE)
Aniline [UN1547] [Poison]
AMY11081
STR00216
Aniline, ACS reagent, >=99.5%
Tox21_200345
Aniline 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane
STK301792
ZINC17886255
AKOS000268796
Aniline 100 microg/mL in Cyclohexane
DB06728
Aniline, ASTM, ACS reagent, 99.5%
Aniline, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
CAS-62-53-3
Aniline, JIS special grade, >=99.0%
Aniline, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%
NCGC00091297-01
NCGC00091297-02
NCGC00091297-03
NCGC00257899-01
BP-12047
FENTANYL IMPURITY F [EP IMPURITY]
Aniline, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
DB-013441
MESALAZINE IMPURITY K [EP IMPURITY]
A0463
FT-0622394
FT-0662220
FT-0696319
TRIMETHOPRIM IMPURITY K [EP IMPURITY]
EN300-33390
C00292
A833829
AMINOBENZOIC ACID IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY]
Q186414
SR-01000944923
J-519591
SR-01000944923-1
Q27121173
F2190-0417
Aniline, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
136260-71-4
1-Aminobenzene
224-015-9 [EINECS]
2348-49-4 [RN]
238-580-4 [EINECS]
4-12-00-00223 [Beilstein]
605631 [Beilstein]
62-53-3 [RN]
Aminobenzene [Wiki]
Anilin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Anilina [Polish]
Aniline [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
Aniline [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Benzenamine [ACD/Index Name]
Huile d'aniline [French]
Phenylamidogen
phenylamine
1122-59-4 [RN]
146997-94-6 [RN]
17843-02-6 [RN]
1927175 [Beilstein]
200-539-3MFCD00007629
37342-16-8 [RN]
4-Aminophenyl [ACD/IUPAC Name]
53894-37-4 [RN]
59000-01-0 [RN]
7022-92-6 [RN]
908847-42-7 [RN]
925916-73-0 [RN]
Aminobenzene, Phenylamine, Benzenamine
AMINOPHEN
Anilina
Aniline-d5
ANL
Anyvim
Benzen-d5-amine
Benzene, amino-
Benzidam
Cyanol
Huile D'aniline
Krystallin
kyanol
phenylamino
Phenyleneamine
STR00216

DESCRIPTION:
Anionic polyacrylamide is the copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid.
No studies on the environmental fate of polyacrylamide are available.
As a high-molecular weight, water-soluble polymer, Anionic polyacrylamide is not expected to biodegrade or bioaccumulate.
Anionic polyacrylamide has a low acute toxicity concern to aquatic organisms.


CAS NO: 9003-05-8


Anionic polyacrylamide is the generic name for a group of very high molecular weight macromolecules produced by the free-radical polymerization of acrylamide and an anionically charged comonomer, mainly the sodium salt of acrylic acid, sodium acrylate.
The combination of molecular weight and ionic charge results in extremely viscous aqueous solutions, one of the main properties of these polymers.
Both the charge density (ionicity), and the molecular weight can be varied.
By varying the acrylamide/anionic monomer ratio, a charge density from 0 to 100% along the polymer chain can be obtained.

The molecular weight is determined by the type and concentration of the reaction initiator and the reaction parameters.
Anionic polyacrylamide has no systemic toxicity to aquatic organisms or micro-organisms.
The polymer is much too large to be absorbed into tissues and cells.

The functional anionic groups do not interfere with the functioning of fish gills or daphnia respirators.
Any adverse effects observed in laboratory tests are always seen at concentrations of over 100 mg/L and are probably due to the resulting viscosity of the test medium.
The preparation of the test solutions at such concentrations requires high-energy stirring for long periods of time, sometimes several hours.
Therfore, it can be concluded that these harmful concentrations will not exist in the natural environment.

The test data given on page 4 of this document was obtained using a highly charged anionic polyacrylamide.
Low charge density polymers demonstrate even lower toxicity to aquatic and micro-organisms.
The results of assays on low anionic polyacrylamides is determined mainly by the viscosity of the test solution.

Anionic polyacrylamide has no potential to bioaccumulate, being completely soluble in water (solubility is only limited by viscosity) and insoluble in octanol.
Additionally, being a flocculent, it adsorbs onto suspended matter and, in this way, is removed from the water phase.

The sensitivity of polyacrylamide to ultra-violet light is well known and has been described in the scientific literature.
Photolysis leads to the degradation of the polymer chain and the formation of much smaller molecules, or oligomers, which are accessible to microbial attack.
A recent study financed by SNF-Floerger, has demonstrated that photolysis followed by aerobic or anaerobic treatment resulted in efficient mineralization of the polymer.

This study provides evidence that acrylamide polymers have the potential to be naturally broken down and biodegraded and do not persist or accumulate in the environment.
Two recently conducted, major environmental risk assessments concluded that anionic polyacrylamide does not represent a danger to the environment.

STOWA, the Netherlands Waste-Water Authority calculated a PEC/NEC ratio much lower than 1 for organic polyelectrolytes in general and concluded that their use in waste-water treatment does not constitute a risk to the natural environment.
Another review of polyelectrolytes by Environment Agency of the United Kingdom concluded that anionic polyacrylmide, like the other organic polyelectrolytes, is not a priority for the setting of environmental quality standards (EQS) and of little environmental concern.




Anionic polyacrylamide polymers can exist in cationic, anionic or non-ionic forms, depending on their ionic charge.
The non-ionic form of polyacrylamide is generated from the basic polymerisation of acrylamide.


Anionic polyacrylamide polymer can then be formed from the hydrolysis of the acrylamide homopolymer either simultaneously during the polymerisation process or as a subsequent step
Anionic polyacrylamide polymer can also be formed from the copolymerisation of acrylamide and acrylic acid

Anionic polyacrylamide is an associative polymer used as the gellant in the fracturing system.
The addition of Anionic polyacrylamide to water creates a slightly viscoelastic base gel.
The viscoelastic properties of Anionic polyacrylamide can be enhanced by the addition of a surfactant activator.

The hydration of Anionic polyacrylamide in fresh water is minimally affected by pH (range 4-10) and water temperature 10°C-30°C (50°F-86°F).
Anionic polyacrylamide is typically added in a range of 2.4-4.8 kg/m3 (20-40 ppt) depending on job parameters.



ADVANTAGES OF ANIONIC POLYACRYLAMIDE:
Anionic polyacrylamide is Cost effective alternative to other gellants.
Anionic polyacrylamide Creates viscous gel that display enhanced elastic properties.
Hydration rate not significantly affected by temperature or pH.

Viscosity can be enhanced with the addition of an activator.
The broken polymer leaves no insoluble residue, results show excellent regain conductivity.
Anionic polyacrylamide has Excellent proppant suspension as a base gel compared to other linear gels.



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT ANIONIC POLYACRYLAMIDE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product






CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANIONIC POLYACRYLAMIDE:
Product Name: anionic polyacrylamide
Chemical Formula: C3H5NO
Cas No.:9003-5-8
Appearance: white particles
Solid Content ≥89 %
Molecular Weight: 5-20 million
Chemical name : 2-propenoic acid, sodium salt polymer with 2-propenamide
Other names : Copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, sodium salt
Acrylamide, sodium acrylate copolymer
Molecular weight : . . . . greater than 1,000,000 daltons, usually greater than 5,000,000
Solubility : totally miscible in water, insoluble in n-octanol and other solvents
pH: 6 to 8 in solution at 5g/L
Apparent density : ~ 1.08
Melting point : > 150°C
Log Pow : 0
State solid
Appearance Off-white free flowing powder
Odour odourless
Specific Gravity 1.1
Density 1100kg/m3
(9.2lbs/gal)
Ionic Character anionic
pH 5-7 (2% in water)
Solubility Completely soluble in water