Other Industries

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is also called Sodium Silicate or Water Glass.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a white, free-flowing, granular powder, which is used in many cleaners, detergents, and soap formulations.

CAS Number: 6834-92-0
EC Number: 617-137-2
MDL Number: MFCD00003492
IUPAC Name: disodium oxosilanebis(olate)
Molecular Formula: Na2O3Si

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a highly alkaline compound that is used in a variety of industries.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous dissolves easily, even in cold water and its granules are characterized by high bulk density with a low dust content.
The advantage of Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is the high active content which makes it possible to formulate high concentrated products.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a colourless liquid that when undiluted is also called glacial acetic acid.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous has a distinctive sour taste and pungent smell.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a type of silicic acid salt and is classified as an inorganic salt products, and its molecular formula is Na2SiO3•nH2O.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a non-toxic, odorless and harmless white powder or crystalline particle.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is soluble in water, but not in alcohols or acids.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous's aqueous solution is alkaline and is capable of hygroscopy and deliquescence when in contact with air.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous has purifying, emulsifying, dispersing, moistening, permeating and PH buffering abilities.
Among inorganic electrolytes, Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous’s active alkalinity and PH buffering index is the highest.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous has strong moistening, emulsifying and saponifying effect on fats.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous contains a variable amount of water of hydration.
Rate of dissolution depends on the degree of hydration, the amount of water that is used as solvent (less soluble in large amounts of water) and the temperature (higher temperature means quicker solution).

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous reacts violently with fluorine.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a very versatile chemical used in a wide variety of applications such as car wash soap to paint stripping.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is also rapidly soluable in water, but much less so than Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate.

There are 3 types of sodium metasilicate: Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous/ Pentahydrate/ Nonahydrate Rawchem is running anhydrous and pentahydrate, not nonahydrate
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is an essential nutrient for diatoms.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous CAS 6834-92-0 is a white granular or powder.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous has the ability of detergency emulsifying, dispersing, wetting, permeability and pH value buffering.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is highly water soluble, but insoluble in alcohol, acid, and salt solutions.

Solutions of sodium metasilicate, when heated or acidified, are hydrolyzed to free sodium ions and silicic acid.
In moist air, they are corrosive to metals, including zinc, aluminum, tin, and lead, forming hydrogen gas.
They are all strong bases reacting violently with acid.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is also called Sodium Silicate or Water Glass.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a white, free-flowing, granular powder, which is used in many cleaners, detergents, and soap formulations.
Among inorganic electrolytes, sodium metasilicate’s active alkalinity and PH buffering index is the highest.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous has strong moistening, emulsifying and saponifying effect on fats.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is excellent at eliminating, dispersing and suspending impurities, and it can prevent impurities from recollecting.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a type of silicic acid salt and is classified as an inorganic salt products.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a non-toxic, odorless and harmless white powder or crystalline particle.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is soluble in water, but not in alcohols or acids.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous's aqueous solution is alkaline and is capable of hygroscopy and deliquescence when in contact with air.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous has purifying, emulsifying, dispersing, moistening, permeating and PH buffering abilities.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is an antibacterial pharmaceutical compound containing Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a chemical compound prepared through the combination of silicon dioxide and sodium oxide.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a colorless solid that is crystalline in form.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is both hygroscopic and deliquescent in nature and is soluble in water, but not in alcohols.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a type of silicic acid salt and is classified as an inorganic salt products, and its molecular formula is Na2SiO3•nH2O.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a non-toxic, odorless and harmless white powder or crystalline particle.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is soluble in water, but not in alcohols or acids. Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous's aqueous solution is alkaline and is capable of hygroscopy and deliquescence when in contact with air.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous has purifying, emulsifying, dispersing, moistening, permeating and PH buffering abilities.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous appears as a powdered or flaked solid substance.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is an inorganic sodium salt having silicate as the counterion.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous contains a silicate ion.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is also known(synonyms) Sodium meta silicate anhydrous, Sodium meta silicate anhydrous, Sodium Meta Silicate.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is the chemical substance with formula Na2SiO3, which is the main component of commercial sodium silicate solutions.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is soluble in cold water.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous hydrolyzes in hot water.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is insoluble in acids, alcohol and salt solutions.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a white, free-flowing, granular powder, which is used in many cleaners, detergents, and soap formulations.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is an effective cement binding agent, coagulant in water treatment, dye fixative, binder, corrosion inhibitor, and penetrating sealant.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a granular sodium silicate with a SiO2/Na2O molar ratio of approximately 1,00 and a solid content of 97%.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms of Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous may be considered.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is the chemical substance with formula Na2SiO3, which is the main component of commercial sodium silicate solutions.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is an ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na+ and the polymeric metasilicate anions [–SiO2−3–]n.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a colorless crystalline hygroscopic and deliquescent solid, soluble in water (giving an alkaline solution) but not in alcohols.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous reacts with acids to produce silica gel.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM METASILICATE ANHYDROUS:
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is an effective coagulant in water treatment, dye fixative, binder, cement binding agent, corrosion inhibitor, and penetrating sealant.
In cleaning formulations, Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous significantly improves detergent action and acts as an efficient emulsifying and suspension agent.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is widely used as a builder in cleaners, soaps and detergents since it effectively improves and maintains the cleaning efficiency of surfactants by inactivating water hardness.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous has many applications in construction, particularly in cement and sealants.

In cements and concrete, Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is an effective binding agent with the benefits of easy dissolution in water, low dust, and high reactivity.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is an important component of wet and dry mixes in shotcrete, which yields excellent strength of the resulting structure.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is also used in oil well cements to prevent separation of solids from the cement matrix.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous can be used as an extender and enable a higher ratio of water to cement.
In pulp and paper, Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used as a sizing agent and buffer/stabilizing agent in combination with hydrogen peroxide.

Automotive applications of Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous include the decommissioning of old engines, exhaust repair, and cooling system sealant.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is an important starting material for silica catalysts and zeolites.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is also used in boiler water, paint strippers, drilling fluids, fire retardants.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous has strong cleansing, buffering and neutralizing abilities, can emulsify fats and oils, is an anti-flocculant for inorganic matter, protects metals from erosion, can replace sodium tripolyphosphate in producing detergents and metal cleansing agents, thus reducing the environmental pollution of sodium tripolyphosphate.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is widely used in laundry detergent, ceramics, plating, textiles, printing, papermaking, concrete, cement, fireproof materials, oils, leather processing, and many other industrial fields.
Currently, the industries that use Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous the most are: ceramics, industrial cleaning, laundry detergent, concrete, printing, papermaking, cement, oil mining, etc.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used in soap, detergent, and bath/washing products.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous has a major use as a builder (a material that enhances or maintains the cleaning efficiency of the surfactant, principally by inactivating water hardness) in soaps and detergents.

Uses of Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous: Laundry, dairy, and metal cleaning; floor clean- ing; base for detergent formulations; bleaching aid; deinking paper.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used as an anticorrosion agent in boiler-water feeds.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is excellent at eliminating, dispersing and suspending impurities, and it can prevent impurities from recollecting.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous has strong cleansing, buffering and neutralizing abilities, can emulsify fats and oils, is an anti-flocculant for inorganic matter, protects metals from erosion, can replace sodium tripolyphosphate in producing detergents and metal cleansing agents, thus reducing the environmental pollution of sodium tripolyphosphate.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used Oil Well Cementing Set Time, Accelerator, Paint Strippers, Pulp Bleaching, Sanitizers, Soak Tank, Cleaners, Steam Cleaner, Textile, and White Wall Tire Cleaner.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous can be used as a corrosion inhibitor, adhesive, and even a sealant.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is an excellent source of alkalinity in detergent formulations.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous's function in detergents is deflocculation, emulsification, buffering action, and prevention of redisposition.
The alkalinity of sodium metasilicate allows Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous to neutralize acidic soil.

The strong buffering capacity maintains the pH at a high level in the presence of acidic soils.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is mainly used in making high-efficiency detergent and metal cleaner.
When completely dissolved, Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous can be used as a rust remover for metal, electrical equipment parts, and sanitary ware.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is also used in the making of hand liquid soaps, dishwashing detergents, bactericide detergent for fruits, vegetables and meats.
When used with surfactants, Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous enhances the suspension of removed soils such as grease and dirt deposits and prevents reaccumulation.

For this reason, Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous's commonly used in manufacturing high-efficiency soaps, detergents, and metal cleaners.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used as a glue.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used Water treatment, Textile, Chemical Industry, Cements and refractory, and Detergents.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used as synthetic detergent, the best substitute for Sodium tripolyphosphate.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used Good cleaner for various metals, tableware and public health.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used Washing auxiliary detergent for food and dairy products processing equipment.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used Liquefaclent forclay dispersion.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used Emulsifier for fat and oil.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used Paper deinking agent.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous widely used in the industry of textiles and ceramics, detergent, printing and dyeing, papermaking, electroplating, coal water slurry, concrete, and petroleum.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is a crystalline silicate.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used as a starting material for zeolites and silica catalysts, sodium metasilicate anhydrous acts as an adhesive and binder.
Uses of Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous: Metal Treatments, Penetrating Sealant, Coagulant in Waste Water Treatment, Fixative for Hand Dyeing, Reactive Dye, and Detergents.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is widely used in Metal Treatment, Ceramic industries, Detergent, Cleaning Powder, and Specialty Chemical.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used Cements and Binders: Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous forms cement or binding agent.
Pulp and Par: sizing agent and buffer/stabilizing agent when mixed with hydrogen peroxide.

Soaps and Detergents: Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used as an emulsifying and suspension agent.
Automotive applications: decommissioning of old engines (CARS program), cooling system sealant, exhaust repair.
Egg Preservative: Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous seals eggs increasing shelf life.

Crafts - forms "stalagmites" by reacting with and precipitating metal ions.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is also used as a glue called "soluble glass".
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used Hair coloring kits

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used as a starting material for zeolites and silica catalysts.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous acts as an adhesive and binder, corrosion inhibitor, penetrating sealant, coagulant in waste water treatment, fixative for hand dyeing with reactive dye and detergent auxiliaries.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is also used in boiler compounds, cleaners, bleaches, aluminum paint strippers and washing carbonated drinking bottles.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous finds application in cements, drilling fluids, fireproofing wood, refractories and automobiles.
Further, Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous serves as a surfactant, emulsifier, wetting agent, suspending agent, dispersing agent and anti-corrosive agent in boiler water.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used as a starting material for zeolites and silica catalysts.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous acts as an adhesive and binder, corrosion inhibitor, penetrating sealant, coagulant in waste water treatment, fixative for hand dyeing with reactive dye and detergent auxiliaries.

Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is also used in boiler compounds, cleaners, bleaches, aluminum paint strippers and washing carbonated drinking bottles.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous finds application in cements, drilling fluids, fireproofing wood, refractories and automobiles.
Further, Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous serves as a surfactant, emulsifier, wetting agent, suspending agent, dispersing agent and anti-corrosive agent in boiler water.

-Typical Uses:
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is used Alkaline Cleaner, Aluminum Cleaners, Anti Redeposition Agent, Baking Pan Cleaners, Buffer, Concrete Cleaners, Concrete Set Time Accelerator, Dairy Cleaners, Deflocculant, Degreaser, Deinking Paper, Detergents, Drain Cleaner, Drilling Mud, Egg Wash Formulations, Emulsifier, Floor/Grill Cleaners, Hard Surface/Heavy Duty Cleaners, I & I Cleaners, Laundry Bleach, Machine Dishwash, and Metal Cleaners.

-Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is widely used for:
1. Detergents
2. Rust remover for metal
3. Grinding aids for ceramics
4. Deinking agent for paper
5. Dyeing and printing auxiliary for removing oil in textile industry
6. Raw material for flameproofing agent
7. Plastic maintenance agent
8. Water retention agent
9. Water reducing agents

USE OF THE SODIUM METASILICATE ANHYDROUS:
The uses of alkali metal silicates are manifold and can only be illustrated by selected important examples:
*¾Raw materials for industrial products (silica sols, silica gels, precipitated silicas, zeolites, aluminosilicates,
magnesium silicates, synthetic clays, ceramics, and catalysts)
*¾Detergents (fabric washing powders, dishwasher detergents, industrial cleansing agents)
*¾Adhesives and binders (paperboard and cardboard, coal dust briquettes, roofing tiles, bricks and ceramics,
refractory cements, plasters and mortars, foundry molds and cores, and welding rods)
*¾Surface Coatings (TiO2 production, concrete, paints for masonry and glass surfaces, fire-proof glass, spraycoating in tunnel construction and mining)
*¾Pulp and paper manufacture (deinking and bleaching)
*¾Water Treatment (corrosion protection)
*¾Civil Engineering (soil sealing and stabilisation in drilling, tunnelling, and mining, sealing of landfills, building
pits, and coastline stabilisation)
*¾Enhanced Oil Recovery (oil flow improvers)
*¾Textile processing (bleach and dye stabilizer)
*¾Ceramic products (liquefying agent in porcelain slips)

PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SODIUM METASILICATE ANHYDROUS:
Physicochemical characteristics：
*White particles;
*elative density: 1.0-1.3 ;
*Melting point: 1089℃.
*Non-toxic, tasteless, pollution-free, strong alkaline solution.
*Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous has strong detergency and buffering ability.
*Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is easy soluble in water with good dispersiveness and emulsifying properties.
*Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous doesn’t dissolve in ethanol.
*Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous absorbs the moisture of the air and is deliquescent with carbon dioxide.
*Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous neutralizes acidic sewage and emulsifies fat and oils.
*Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is effective for inorganic deflocculating and has a very strong corroding effect on metals.

STRUCTURE OF SODIUM METASILICATE ANHYDROUS:
In the anhydrous solid, the metasilicate anion is actually polymeric, consisting of corner-shared {SiO4} tetrahedra, and not a discrete SiO32− ion.
In addition to Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous, there are hydrates with the formula Na2SiO3·nH2O (where n = 5, 6, 8, 9), which contain the discrete, approximately tetrahedral anion SiO2(OH)22− with water of hydration.
For example, the commercially available sodium silicate pentahydrate Na2SiO3·5H2O is formulated as Na2SiO2(OH)2·4H2O, and the nonahydrate Na2SiO3·9H2O is formulated as Na2SiO2(OH)2·8H2O.
The pentahydrate and nonahydrate forms have their own CAS Numbers, 10213-79-3 and 13517-24-3 respectively.

PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF SODIUM METASILICATE ANHYDROUS:
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous is strongly alkaline, having strong capacity of cleaning, buffering and softening, counteracting acidic contamination, emulsifying fat and oil, deflocculating to inorganic.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous can replace STPP to be used for the manufacture of effective detergents and rust remover for metal, reducing environmental pollution, preventing corrosion for metal (zinc, aluminum, etc.).

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF SODIUM METASILICATE ANHYDROUS:
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous can be prepared by fusing silicon dioxide
SiO2 (silica, quartz) with sodium oxide Na2O in 1:1 molar ratio.
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous crystallizes from solution as various hydrates, such as pentahydrate Na2SiO3·5H2O (CAS 10213-79-3, EC 229-912-9, PubChem 57652358) nonahydrate Na2SiO3·9H2O (CAS 13517-24-3, EC 229-912-9, PubChem 57654617)

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM METASILICATE ANHYDROUS:
Compound Formula: Na2SiO3
Molecular Weight: 122.06
Appearance: White granular powder or beads
Melting Point: 1088 °C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 2.4 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
pH: 12.6
Exact Mass: 121.941209
Monoisotopic Mass: 121.941209
Linear Formula: Na2SiO3
MDL Number: MFCD00003492
EC No.: 229-912-9
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 23266
IUPAC Name: disodium; dioxido(oxo)silane
SMILES: [O-][Si](=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/2Na.O3Si/c;;1-4(2)3/q2*+1;-2
InchI Key: NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical formula: Na2SiO3
Molar mass: 122.062 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystals
Density: 2.61 g/cm3
Melting poin: 1,088 °C (1,990 °F; 1,361 K)
Solubility in water: 22.2 g/100 ml (25 °C), 160.6 g/100 ml (80 °C)
Solubility: insoluble in alcohol
Refractive index (nD): 1.52
Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 1.090 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available

pH: 12,5 at 10 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 210 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not applicable for inorganic substances
Vapor pressure: 0,0103 hPa at 1.175 °C
Density: 2,61 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: Solubility in other solvents
Alcohol - insoluble
Dissociation constant: 9,9 - 12 at 30 °C
CAS No: 6834-92-0
EC No: 229-912-9
Molecular Formula: Na2SiO3
Molecular Weight: 122.06
HS Code: 2839 11 00
Storage: Below 30°C
Shelf life: 4 years

Appearance: White to off-white crystals or powder or granules or beads
Solubility: Clear solution at 33.3 mg in 1 mL of water
Physical Form (at 20°C): Solid
Melting Point: 1088°C
Long-Term Storage: Store long-term in a cool, dry place
Note: duplicate cas
CAS Number: 6834-92-0
MDL Number: MFCD00003492
MF: Na2O3Si
MW: 122.063
EINECS: 229-912-9
Molecular Formula: Na2O3Si
Molecular Weight: 122.06 g/mol
Melting Point: 75 °C
Silicon Dioxide: 45.0-47.0%
Sodium Oxide: 49.5-51.5%
Iron (Fe): <200ppm
Solubility: Partially Soluble in Water
Physical Form: Solid
Product Number: S7834
CAS Number: 6834-92-0
Formula Weight: 122.06
Formula: Na2SiO3
Hydration: Anhydrous

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM METASILICATE ANHYDROUS:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water.
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM METASILICATE ANHYDROUS:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM METASILICATE ANHYDROUS:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM METASILICATE ANHYDROUS:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Respiratory protection:
required when dusts are generated.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM METASILICATE ANHYDROUS:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
No metal containers.
Tightly closed.
Dry.
hygroscopic
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8B:
Non-combustible

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM METASILICATE ANHYDROUS:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

SYNONYMS:
sodium silicate
sodium polysilicate
sodium sesquisilicate
sodium siliconate
sodium metasilicate
sodium silicate glass
Sodium silicate, disodium trioxosilicate
Sodium siliconate
Sodium polysilicate
Sodium water glass
Sodium sesquisilicate
Disodium metasilicate
Disodium silicate
Sodium silicon oxide
Disodium monosilicate
disodium oxosilanediolate, silanediolate
1-oxo-, sodium salt (1:2)
silanediolate, oxo-, disodium salt
Silicic acid, sodium salt
CAS 1344-09-8
Sodium metasilicate anhydrou
Sodium silicate (meta)
Disodium metasilicate anhydrous
Disodium silicate anhydrous
Sodium silicate anhydrous
Sodium silicon oxide anhydrous
Silicic acid (H2SiO3),sodium salt (1:2)
Silicic acid (H2SiO3),disodium salt
Orthosil
Sodium metasilicate
Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3)
Sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3)
Simet A
Disodium metasilicate
Crystamet
Silicon sodium oxide (SiNa2O3)
Disodium monosilicate
Metso Pentabead 20
Disodium silicate
Simet AP
Simet 5G
Sodium silicon oxide (Na2SiO3)
Simet GA
P 84 (silicate)
P 84
Metso 510;SP 20
SMS
SP 20 (silicate)
Starso;Metso 2048
Simet AG
Blue Meta
Metso-Beads 2048
Sodium silicate (Na2(SiO3))
Drymet 59
Purifeed 6N
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous Granular D
Sodium silicate (Na6(SiO3)3)
R-SIL
Stixso NN
Mead Beads 2048
Metso 20
S 108358
8014-92-4
57447-81-1
1033016-09-9
1173151-60-4
1374246-85-1
1884160-94-4
1919815-82-9
Anhydrous Metasilicate
Anhydrous Sodium Metasilicate
Silicic Acid, Disodium Salt
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous, S 25
Disodium metasilicate
Disodium silicate
Sodium silicat
Sodium silicon oxide
Glacial acetic acid
Acetic acid solution
acetic acid 50%
Natural Acetic Acid
Acetic acid (36%)
Acetic acid, food grade
Acetic Acid Glacial
GAA
Acetic Acid, Glacial

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is a silicic acid salt, classified as an inorganic salt product.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is non-toxic, harmless, and odorless, with purifying, emulsifying, moistening, dispersing, permeating, and PH buffering abilities.

CAS Number: 10213-79-3
EC Number: 229-912-9
MDL number: MFCD00149176
Linear Formula: Na2SiO3 · 5H2O

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is an aqueous chemical material containing sodium and metasilicic acid.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is the common name for compounds with the formula Na2SiO3 · 5H2O.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is a silicic acid salt, classified as an inorganic salt product.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is non-toxic, harmless, and odorless, with purifying, emulsifying, moistening, dispersing, permeating, and PH buffering abilities.
As an aqueous solution, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is capable of hygroscopy and deliquescence when in contact with air.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate's forms include anhydrous, pentahydrate, and nonahydrate compounds.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is also known as water glass or liquid glass, these materials are available in aqueous solution and in solid form.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is colourless or white, but commercial samples are often greenish or blue owing to the presence of iron-containing impurities.

Ankit Silicates produce different grades of Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate suitable for many industries.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is formed by the high-temperature fusion of sodium carbonate and silicon dioxide.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate forms highly alkaline solutions when dissolved in water.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is a white solid.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate, commonly abbreviated as SMS Penta, is an ionic chemical compound and the main component of commercial sodium silicate solutions.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is a colorless solid that is crystalline in form.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is both hygroscopic and deliquescent in nature and is soluble in water, but not in alcohols.
When used with surfactants, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate enhances the suspension of removed soils such as grease and dirt deposits and prevents reaccumulation.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is an opaque white crystalline solid; odourless.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is soluble in water, precipitated by acids and by alkaline earths and heavy-metal ions.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is insoluble in alcohol.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is soluble in water.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is insoluble in alcohol.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is a white crystalline powder

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is soluble in water, solubility is 50g in 100g water (20 ºC)
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms of Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate may be considered.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is a chemical substance with formula Na2SiO3 · 5H2O, which is the main component of commercial sodium silicate solutions.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is an ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na+ and the polymeric metasilicate anions [–SiO2−3–]n.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is a colorless crystalline hygroscopic and deliquescent solid, soluble in water (giving an alkaline solution) but not in alcohols.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is the chemical substance which is the main component of commercial sodium silicate solutions.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is an ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na+ and the polymeric metasilicate anions [–SiO2−3–]n.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is a colorless crystalline hygroscopic and deliquescent solid, soluble in water (giving an alkaline solution), but not in alcohols.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is produced by reacting molten sodium hydroxide (at a temperature above 320 °C) and silica:
SiO2 + 2NaOH - t → Na 2SiO3 + H2O
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is great multifunctioning ingredient in detergent.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is a strong buffering agent, so can prevent large changes in pH.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate protects surfaces against corrosion, is a bleach stabiliser and prevents dirt from being redeposited.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is a colourless crystalline hygroscopic solid, commonly used as an emulsifying and suspension agent.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is formed by the high temperature fusion of sodium carbonate and silicon dioxide.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is a multifunctional product that shows excellent pH-regulating capacity, efficient detergency, effective corrosion inhibition, good dispersing properties and which is environmentally safe.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate contains both silica and alkalinity in a molar ratio of 1:1 between silica and sodium oxide.
The silica part gives Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate corrosion inhibiting properties that help to protect both metal and non-metal surfaces.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate forms highly alkaline solutions when dissolved in water.

The sodium oxide content is responsible for Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate's powerful alkalinity, which provides the product a very good solubility and an efficient cleaning performance.
In addition, the pentahydrate form contains 43% water of crystallization.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM METASILICATE PENTAHYDRATE:
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used in corrosion inhibitors and anti-scale agents, solvents (for cleaning and degreasing).
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used in the following products: washing and cleaning products, cosmetics and personal care products, adhesives, sealants, air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, finger paints, non-metallic surface treatment products, and varnishes and waxes.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used in machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coatings or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is estimated to be generally less aggressive and safer to use than caustic soda (sodium hydroxide).

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate reacts with metal oxides to establish a protective film on metal surfaces, reducing the alkali’s tendency to corrode and dissolve metals.
This sort of protection is maintained as long as minute amounts of soluble silica remain in the presence of water.

In conjunction with surfactants, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate aids the neutralization of acidic soil, the deflocculation of particulate soil, and the emulsification of oily and greasy soil.
Furthermore, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate enhances the suspension of removed soil and prevents its reaccumulation.

The grease and dirt deposits get dispersed into small, suspended particles that rinse away without redepositing on freshly washed surfaces.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products.
Alkali metal silicates are used as starting materials for products like silicas and zeolites, in detergents and cleaners, and pulp and paper production.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is also used to a lesser extent in soil stabilization and sealing, adhesives and binders (construction materials, paperboard and cardboard, ceramic binders, refractories, welding rods, and foundry molds and cores), surface coatings (titanium dioxide production, paints for masonry and glass, and spray coatings for tunnel construction and mining), water/wastewater treatment, enhanced oil recovery, and textile processing (bleach and dye stabilizing).

For this reason, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate's commonly used in manufacturing high-efficiency in soaps, detergents, and metal cleaners.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used in method for preparing cement accelerator containing Aluminum Sulfate.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used as a silicate electrolyte in plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used for the synthesis of sintered mullite ceramics (3Al2O3·2SiO2) by the co-precipitation method.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used as a source of silica for the synthesis of silica-zirconia composites for the chromatographic applications.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used for the synthesis of photo-Fenton catalyst, nontronite, for the degradation of Rhodamine B.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used as a starting material for the synthesis of zeolite NaA layers on α-Al2O3 supports.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used in making high-efficiency detergents and metal cleaners.
This powder softens water and enhances cleaning performance Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is widely used in the metal industry, detergent industry, ceramic industry and many other cleaning industries directly or indirectly.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used Laundry, floor, metal and dairy cleaning, base for detergent formulations, bleaching aid and de-inking paper.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is also useful with applications in industries such as cements and binders, soaps and detergents, automotive and aquaculture.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used in the culture of marine or freshwater diatoms for the production of shellfish.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is a crystalline silicate. Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is commonly used as a base for dish and laundry detergent formulations and as a bleaching aid.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used in Paper Manufacturing, Plating & Coating, Metal Treatments, Penetrating Sealant, Coagulant in Waste Water Treatment, Fixative for Hand Dyeing, Reactive Dye, and Detergents.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is a white powder that is soluble in water and alcohol.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used as an acidity regulator, sequestering agent, and buffer in detergent compositions.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria by binding to fatty acids in their cell walls and preventing the formation of cell walls.

The molecule of Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate also inhibits the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by binding to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby preventing transcription and replication.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has been used to measure the effect of Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate on particle size distribution and flow system performance.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate has a major utility as a builder of the cleaning efficiency of the surfactant in soaps and detergents.
A major use of Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is as a builder (a material that enhances or maintains the cleaning efficiency of the surfactant, principally by inactivating water hardness) in soaps and detergents.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is mainly used in making high efficiency detergents and metal cleaners.
As a substitute for STPP, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate can increase cleaning efficiency and reduce environment pollution, it provides excellent alkaline buffering, corrosion prevention for metal (i.e. Zinc, Aluminum), and aids in the of softening water.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used to improve washing detergents and metal cleaners.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is also used extensively as an anti-corrosion agent in boiler-water feed.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is commonly used as a base for dish and laundry detergent formulations and a bleaching aid.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used in laundry, dairy, metal, and floor cleaning; in deinking paper; in washing carbonated drink bottles; in insecticides, fungicides, and antimicrobial compounds.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used as a chemical intermediate for silica gel catalysts; as an ingredient in adhesives.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used as a bleaching aid to stabilize hydrogen peroxide.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used as a clay deflocculant in the ceramics industry, and as a boiler compound.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used Heavy-duty cleaning (metel,glass,porcelain,laundries)

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used in Metal Treatment Chemicals, Ceramic Industrial, Detergent, Cleaning Powder, Specialty Chemicals.
Detergents uses of Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate; Rust remover for metal; Grinding aids for ceramics; Deinking agent for paper; Dyeing and printing auxiliary for removing oil in textile industry; Raw material for flameproofing agent; Plastic maintenance agent; Water retention agent; Water reducing agents.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used Detergent auxiliary, Metal surface treatment chemicals, Grinding aids for ceramic, Raw material for fir e-proof auxiliary, Plastic maintenance agent, degreasing and textile, Printing and dyeing functional auxiliaries, Water retention auxiliary, Deinking auxiliary, and Peroxidase bleach stabilizer.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is often used for its fast dissolving rate and it’s broad range of uses.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is a colourless crystalline hygroscopic solid, commonly used as an emulsifying and suspension agent.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used to protect components in high temperature manufacturing processes, such as for bricks and mortars.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate can be used to speed up the setting of dry cements.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate also has the added benefit of preventing segregation of solids in oil well cements.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate has deflocculant properties, so is often used in clay slurries.

The adsorption onto the surface of the clay particles causes them to repel each other which creates smoother ceramics.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used as a starting material in the preparation of silicas and zeolites.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate finds application in detergents and cleaners, pulp and paper production.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is also used in soil stabilization, sealing, adhesives and binders.
Further, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used in titanium dioxide production, paints for masonry and glass, spray coatings for tunnel construction.
In addition to this, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used in fruit and vegetable washes and sanitizers for food-contact surfaces.

Because of Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate's very good binding, adhesive, bleaching, and sizing properties, sodium metasilicate is extensively used in the manufacturing of detergents, gel, cardboard, paper, textiles, paints, adhesives, pottery, sanitary ware, refractories, foundry, and wood processing.
Given Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate's ability to increase cleaning efficiency and reduce environment pollution, this product is perfect to prevent corrosion for metal (i.e. Zinc, Aluminium), improve washing detergents and metal cleaners, provide alkaline buffering, and inactivate water hardness.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is commonly used as a component of cleaners such as oven cleaners, dishwasher detergent and laundry detergent.
The industrial name of Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is water glass.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is also used as electrolyte in keeping fine particles in suspension (of water) without allowing them to settle down.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is extensively used in the manufacturing of Detergents, Silica Gel, Card-board, Paper, Textiles, Paints, Adhesives, Pottery, Sanitary-ware, Refractories, Foundry and Wood Processing Industries because of it's very good binding, adhesive, bleaching and sizing properties respectively.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is considered to be safer to use than sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and does not attack metals including aluminium as aggressively as caustic.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate moderates the tendency of the alkali to corrode and dissolve metals.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate reacts with metal oxides to form a protective film on metal surfaces.
This film is maintained as long as small amounts of soluble silica remain in the presence of water.
A major use of Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is as a builder (a material that enhances or maintains the cleaning efficiency of the surfactant, principally by inactivating water hardness) in soaps and detergents.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is mainly used in making high efficiency detergents and metal cleaners.
As a substitute for STPP, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate can increase cleaning efficiency and reduce environment pollution, it provides excellent alkaline buffering, corrosion prevention for metal (i.e. Zinc, Aluminum), and aids in the of softening water.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used to improve washing detergents and metal cleaners.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is also used extensively as an anti-corrosion agent in boiler-water feed.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used in fireproofing mixtures; in laundry, dairy, metal, and floor cleaning.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used in deinking paper; in washing carbonated drink bottles.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used in insecticides, fungicides, and antimicrobial compounds.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used as a chemical intermediate for silica gel catalysts.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used as an ingredient in adhesives.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used as a bleaching aid to stabilise hydrogen peroxide.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is used as a clay deflocculant in the ceramics industry, and as a boiler compound.

Combined with other salts such as sodium bicarbonate, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate can be applied to aluminum as a paint stripper.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is a multifunctional product that shows excellent pH-regulating capacity, efficient detergency, effective corrosion inhibition, good dispersing properties and which is environmentally safe.

As a builder, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate enhances/maintains the surfactant’s cleaning efficiency by balancing water hardness.
Also, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate has the highest active alkalinity and PH buffering index among inorganic electrolytes, which enables its strong moistening, emulsifying, and saponifying effect on fats.

For this reason, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is broadly used in manufacturing high-efficiency soaps, detergents, and metal cleaners.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate can substitute STPP in detergent formulas to increase their cleaning efficiency while reducing environmental pollution.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is also applicable in fireproofing mixtures, insecticides, fungicides, and antimicrobial compounds, as well as in dairy cleaning, paper deinking, and washing carbonated drink bottles.

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate’s a chemical intermediate for silica gel catalysts, an active ingredient in adhesives, and a bleaching aid to stabilize hydrogen peroxide.
Furthermore, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate’s utilized as a clay deflocculant in the ceramics industry and a boiler compound.
In combination with other salts such as sodium bicarbonate, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate creates a paint stripper for aluminum.

-Application of Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate in detergent industry:
• With above features, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is a good auxiliary for detergent system.
• Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is also a good water softener, especially for Mg2+ ion, its exchange capacity of Mg2+ is 260mgMgCO3/g (35ºC, 20min).

-Industry uses of Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate:
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is commonly used as a base for dish and laundry detergent formulations and as a bleaching aid.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate has a major utility as a builder of the cleaning efficiency of the surfactant in soaps and detergents.
Other applications of Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate include deinking paper, laundry, metal, and floor cleaning products.

-Consumer uses of Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate:
The multiple hydrates of Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate are used in soap and bath/washing products.
They are also used as anti-corrosion agents in boiler-water feeds.

PROPERTIES OF SODIUM METASILICATE PENTAHYDRATE:
• Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is strongly alkaline, having strong capacity of cleaning, buffering and softening, counteracting acidic contamination, emulsifying fat and oil, deflocculating to inorganic.
• Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate can replace STPP to be used for the manufacture of effective detergents and rust remover for metal, reducing environmental pollution, preventing corrosion for metal (zinc, aluminum, etc.).

WHEN USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH SURFACTANTS / DETERGENTS SODIUM METASILICATE PENTAHYDRATE AIDS:
1. The neutralization of acidic soil
2. The emulsification of oily and greasy soil
3. The deflocculation of particulate soil
4. The suspension of removed soil and prevention of Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate's redeposition.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate disperses grease and dirt deposits into small suspended particles that rinse away without redepositing on freshly washed surfaces.

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES OF SODIUM METASILICATE PENTAHYDRATE:
*White and free-flowing granules / powder
*Dissolves easily, even in cold water.
*High bulk density and a low dust content.
*Negligilbe insoluble residues
*As a highly alkaline product, Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate will easily react with CO2.

SOLUBILITY OF SODIUM METASILICATE PENTAHYDRATE:
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is soluble in cold water, to form highly alkaline solutions.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate hydrolyzes in hot water.
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is insoluble in alcohol, acids, and salt solutions.

MANUFACTURING OF SODIUM METASILICATE PENTAHYDRATE:
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate is formed by the high-temperature fusion of silicon dioxide with sodium carbonate.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM METASILICATE PENTAHYDRATE:
Mol. Formula: H10Na2O8Si
EC / List no.: 12001-15-9
CAS no.: 10213-79-3
Molecular weight: 212,14
Modulus: 0.973±0.012
Na2O content, %: 28.3- 30.0
SiO2 content, %: 27.8-29.2
Water insoluble matter content, %: ≤0.05
Ferric (Fe) content, ppm: ≤100
pH (1.0% aqueous solution, 25°C): 12- 13
Whiteness, %: ≥80
Bulk density. g/cm3: 0.8-1.0
Classification: Inorganic Salt; Synthetic Reagent
Melting point: 1088°C (1990°F, 1361 K)
Solubility in water: Soluble in cold water
Storage: stored in a cool and dry place with pallet or plate

Shelf life/Retest: 24 months
Density: 2.61
Appearance: White powder or granular
Compound Formula: H10Na2O8Si
Molecular Weight: 212.14
Appearance: White solid
Melting Point: 1088 °C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: N/A
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 139.951774
Monoisotopic Mass: 139.951774
Appearance: Colorless or white crystal
Odour: Odourless
Melting Point: 72.2 oC
Specific Gravity: 0.7 ~ 1.0 g/ cm3
PH: Basic
Solubility: 610g/ l in water (@ 30oC)
CAS NO: 10213-79-3
Molecular formula: Na2SiO3 5H2O
Molecular weight: 212.13

Degree of Whiteness: 75.0 % Min
PH Value(1 % at 20): 12.4-12.6
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available

Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
CBNumber:CB8281191
Molecular Formula:H5NaO4Si
Molecular Weight:120.11
MDL Number:MFCD00149176
MOL File:10213-79-3.mol
Melting point 1088°C
Density 2.61
form: Solid
color: White
Water Solubility: Soluble in cold water.
Merck: 14,8642

CAS DataBase Reference: 10213-79-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Silicic acid (H2SiO3), disodium salt, pentahydrate (10213-79-3)
Appearance: White crystals.
Grade: Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate
Na2O(%): 28.5-30.0
Molar ratio: 0.9-1.1
CAS: 10213-79-3
Molecular Formula: H10Na2O8Si
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 212.137
MDL Number: 149176
InChI Key: ADPGKKZKGXANON-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Melting Point: 72°C
Color: White

pH: 12.6
Physical Form: Solid
Formula Weight: 212.74g/mol
Molecular Weight： 212.14
Exact Mass： 211.994034
EC Number： 229-912-9
DSSTox ID： DTXSID0029717
PSA： 68.2
XLogP3： -1.05870
Appearance： White Solid
Density： 2.61
Melting Point： 1088°C
Water Solubility： soluble in cold water.

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM METASILICATE PENTAHYDRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water.
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM METASILICATE PENTAHYDRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM METASILICATE PENTAHYDRATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM METASILICATE PENTAHYDRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM METASILICATE PENTAHYDRATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
No metal containers.
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage class
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8B:
Non-combustible

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM METASILICATE PENTAHYDRATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

SYNONYMS:
Disodium silicate pentahydrate
Sodium silicate hydrate, Uniflo 26
Sodium metasilicate, waterglass, disodium metasilicate
Silicic Acid (H2SiO3)
Disodium Salt
Pentahydrate Silicic Acid
Disodium Salt Pentahydrate
Disodium Oxosilanediolate Pentahydrate
Sodium silicate pentahydrate
disodium oxosilanediolat pentahydrate
Sodium siliconate pentahydrate
Sodium polysilicate pentahydrate
Sodium sesquisilicate pentahydrate
Disodium metasilicate pentahydrate
Disodium silicate pentahydrate
Sodium silicon oxide pentahydrate
Disodium monosilicate pentahydrate
Sodium oxosilanediolate pentahydrate (2:1:5)
Silicic acid, disodium salt, pentahydrate
Silicic acid (H2SiO3), disodium salt, pentahydrate
Silicic acid disodium salt pentahydrate
Disodium silicate pentahydrate
Sodium silicate hydrate
Disodium trioxosilicate
Silicic acid, disodium salt, pentahydrate
Disodium metasilicate pentahydrate
Disodium trioxosilicate, pentahydrate
UN3253
metsogranular
drymetakeiso5aq
dorimetakeiso5aq
Sodiumsilicatehydrate
SODIUM METASILICATE 5H2O
SODIUM SILICATE, PENTAHYDRATE
SodiumMestasilicatePentahydrate
SODIUM METASILICATE PENTAHYDRATE
Sodium metasilicate pentehydrate
sodiumsilicatehydrate(na2sio3.5h2o)
Metsogranular, Sodium Silicate-Hydrate
Disodium Silicate Pentahydrate
Sodium Metasilicate
Sodium Metasilicate 5H20
Disodium Trioxosilicate
Sodium metasilicate (2)
Silicic acid, disodium salt, pentahydrate
Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate
Sodium silicate, Disodium monosilicate
Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate
10213-79-3
Silicic acid (H2SiO3), disodium salt, pentahydrate
disodium;dioxido(oxo)silane;pentahydrate
MFCD00149176
Silicic acid, disodium salt, pentahydrate
disodium oxosilanediolate pentahydrate
DTXSID0029717
ADPGKKZKGXANON-UHFFFAOYSA-N
4-BENZYLOXYPHENYLACETYLCHLORIDE
AKOS015913813
FT-0697184
Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, >=95.0% (T)
Silicic acid (H2SiO3),disodium salt,pentahydrate
Sodium silicate pentahydrate
Sodium silicate hydrate (Na2SiO3.5H2O)
Metso granular
Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate
Disodium silicate pentahydrate (Na2SiO3.5H2O)
Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3),pentahydrate
Dry Metakeiso 5aq
Dorimetakeiso 5aq
Sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) pentahydrate
Metaesu 5
Disodium silicate pentahydrate
Meso Pentabead 20
Uniflo 26
Metso 520
12001-15-9

SYNONYMS Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt; Sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolate; Natrium-4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolat; 4-(metoxicarbonil)fenolato de sodio; 4-(méthoxycarbonyl)phénolate de sodium; Methyl paraben sodium salt; Sodium methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; methyl-4-oxide-benzoate, sodium salt; Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt; CAS NO. 5026-62-0

cas no 5026-62-0 Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt; Sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolate; Natrium-4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolat; 4-(metoxicarbonil)fenolato de sodio; 4-(méthoxycarbonyl)phénolate de sodium; Methyl paraben sodium salt; Sodium methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; methyl-4-oxide-benzoate, sodium salt; Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt;

Chemical name: Sodium Methyl p-Hydroxybenzoate. Sodium methylparaben (sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate) is a compound with formula Na(CH3(C6H4COO)O). Sodium methylparaben is the sodium salt of methylparaben. Sodium methylparaben is a food additive with the E number E219 which is used as a preservative. IUPAC name: Sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolate Use: Sodium methyl paraben is widely used in food and pharmaceutical and textile industry for its antiseptic property. Sodium methyl paraben is also can be used in other industries such as cosmetics, feed and so on. Use: Preservative, Cosmetics, Feed, Pharmaceutical, Antimicrobial, Antifungal, Antibacterial, Soft Drink, Alcohol Beverage, Beverage Powder, Fruit Juice, Puddings, Sauces, Baking Food, Sauage, Food Colors, Milk, Wine, Flavoring Agent. Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate; Methylparaben sodium salt; E219 CAS Number: 5026-62-0 Sodium methylparaben is a sodium salt of methylparaben, which is used as an additive for food preservation. Sodium methylparaben is prepared by adding p-hydroxybenzoate to sodium hydroxide and after reaction is finished, standing for crystallization, centrifugally filtering and finally carrying out vacuum drying. Sodium methylparaben is a constituent of cloudberry, yellow passion fruit, white wine, and botrytis wine. Sodium methylparaben is extensively used to produce foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture/ animal feed, flavoring agents, and medicines as an antimicrobial agent. Sodium methylparaben has a faint characteristic odor or is odorless and has a slight burnt taste. INCI designation Sodium Methylparaben. Product properties Appearance: White powder Chemical and physical data pH: 9.5- 10.5 Water content: max. 5.0 % Assay by non aqueous titration: 99 - 102 % Uses Sodium Methylparaben is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics, toiletries pharmaceuticals. Sodium Methylparaben is suitable to preserve both rinse- off and leave-on formulations. Sodium Methylparaben is effective against bacteria, molds and yeast. The recommended use level of Sodium Methylparaben to preserve most product types is normally in the range of 0.1- 0.3 % based on the total weight of the finished product. The Paraben esters have many advantages as preservatives,like broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, effective at low use concentrations, compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, colourless, odourless, well documented toxicological and dermatological acceptability based on human experience (used in cosmetics, food and pharmaceuticals since 1930ies), p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid and a number of its esters occur naturally in a variety of plants and animals, stable and effective over a wide pH- range, etc. The Sodium Parabens, like Sodium Methylparaben have several additional advantages: Sodium Methylparaben is highly soluble in cold water for ease of addition. No heating stage required for incorporation, thus saving energy and plant occupancy. Increased antimicrobial activity at alkaline pH. Applications Sodium Methylparaben is designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics and toiletries. Sodium Methyl paraben is suitable to preserve both rinse- off and leave- on formulations. Formulations which are prone to bacteria contamination an additional antibacterial preservative, like DMDMH might be necessary to add as Sodium Methylparaben provides a higher efficacy against fungi than against bacteria. Solubility Water up to 33 % Incorporation Sodium Methylparaben is highly soluble in water and so easily incorporated into cosmetic formulations. It is important to note that, whilst the aqueous solubility in alkaline solution is high, if the pH of the formulated product is acidic the sodium salt reverts to the ester and the low solubility is regained. pH stability Sodium Methyl paraben remains fully stable over a wide pH range from 3.0- 11.0. Aqueous solutions of Sodium Methylparaben are not long- term stable at alkaline pH. Temperature stability The recommended maximum handling temperature is 80°C. Microbial activity Sodium Methylparaben has a broad spectrum of activity which includes the following common spoilage organisms. Microorganisms MIC level (%) Bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.228 Staphylococcus aureus 0.17 Microorganisms MIC level (%) Yeasts Candida albicans 0.114 Molds Aspergillus niger 0.114 Regulatory Status Sodium Methylparaben can be used up to a maximum concentration of 0.4 % in cosmetic products, no further restrictions. Storage instructions Sodium Methyl paraben is stable in sealed original containers. Further information on handling, storage and dispatch is given in the EC safety data sheet. Sodium Methyl paraben is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics, toiletries, and topical pharmaceuticals. It is suitable to preserve both rinse-off and leave-on formulations. This product is highly soluble in cold water for ease of addition. Sodium Methylparaben is designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics and toiletries. Sodium Methylparaben is suitable to preserve both rinse- off and leave- on formulations. Sodium Methylparaben is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent designed forpreservation of a wide range of cosmetics, toiletries pharmaceuticals. Sodium Methylparaben is suitable to preserve both rinse- off and leave- onformulations.Sodium Methylparaben is effective against bacteria, molds and yeast. The recommended use level of Sodium Methylparaben to preserve most product types is normally in the range of 0.1 - 0.3 % based on the total weight of the finished product. The Paraben esters have many advantages as preservatives, like broad spectrumantimicrobial activity, effective at low use concentrations, compatible with awide range of cosmetic ingredients, colourless, odourless, well documentedtoxicological and dermatological acceptability based on human experience (usedin cosmetics, food and pharmaceuticals since 1930ies), p-Hydroxybenzoic Acidand a number of its esters occur naturally in a variety of plants and animals,stable and effective over a wide pH- range, etc. The Sodium Parabens, like Sodium Methylparaben have several additional advantages: Sodium Methyl paraben is highly soluble in cold water for ease of addition. No heating stage required for incorporation, thus saving energy and plant occupancy. Increased antimicrobial activity at alkaline pH. Sodium Methylparaben is a highly water-soluble short-chain paraben in sodium salt form. The major benefit offered by the sodium salts is their high solubility in cold water, thereby enabling the introduction of parabens without heating or pre-dissolving in solvents. Benefits High solubility in cold water Broad spectrum of activity against bacteria and fungi Low order of toxicity Effectiveness at low concentrations Stability over a broad pH-range Water-soluble Biodegradability at environmental concentrations Global acceptance in personal care applications Sodium Methylparaben Market: Segmentation Overview Based on end-user, the sodium methylparaben market is divided into food & beverages, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Sodium methyl paraben is used as a food preservative in the food & beverage industry. Sodium Methyl paraben is used to inhibit the Clostridium botulinum bacteria, which causes fatal botulism. Sodium Methyl paraben is used in baked foods, creams & pastes, jams & jellies, syrups, dairy products, and beverages. Sodium Methyl paraben is employed as a preservative in cosmetics with other parabens. Sodium methyl paraben is utilized in makeup, hair care products, moisturizers & lotions, shaving products, and toothpastes. Sodium Methyl paraben is also used to protect pharmaceutical products from microorganism. The cosmetics and food & beverages segments are expected to account for large shares of the market. In terms of value, the cosmetics segment is anticipated to expand at a considerable pace during the forecast period. In terms of application, the global sodium methylparaben market is segmented into antimicrobial preservatives, anti-fungal agents, and others. The antimicrobial preservative segment is projected to expand at a steady pace during the forecasted period. Based on product type, the sodium methylparaben market is bifurcated into powder and liquid. Sodium Methylparaben. Sodium Methyl paraben by Clariant is a water-soluble preservative. Sodium Methyl paraben is a short-chain paraben in sodium salt form. Sodium Methylparaben offers a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria & fungi and stability over a broad pH-range. Sodium Methylparaben exhibits effectiveness at low concentrations. Sodium Methylparaben shows high solubility in cold water, low order of toxicity and good biodegradability at environmental concentrations. Sodium Methylparaben is used in all kinds of personal care products.

Sodium molybdate, Na2MoO4, is useful as a source of molybdenum. This white, crystalline salt is often found as the dihydrate, Na2MoO4·2H2O.

CAS Number
10102-40-6 (dihydrate)
7631-95-0

EC / List no.: 600-158-6
CAS no.: 10102-40-6

Molybdate (MoO42-), sodium, hydrate (1:2:2), (T-4)-

IUPAC names
disodium dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum dihydrate
disodium;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum;dihydrate
Molybdate (MoO42-), sodium, hydrate (1:2:2), (T-4)-
Molybdenan sodný dihydrát
Natriummolybdat-Dihydrat
sodium molibdate 2h2o
Sodium Molybdate
sodium molybdate
sodium molybdate dhydrate
Sodium molybdate dihydrate
sodium molybdate dihydrate

disodium molibdate
Molybdate (MoO4(2-)), disodium, dihydrate, (T-4)
Sodium Molybdate
Sodium molybdate dihydrate

EC / List no.: 231-551-7
CAS no.: 7631-95-0
Disodium molybdate
CAS names: Molybdate (MoO42-), sodium (1:2), (T-4)-

IUPAC names
Dinatriumdioxido(dioxo)molybdon
Dinatriummolybdat dihydrat
Disodium dioxido (dioxo)molybdate
disodium dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum
disodium dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum dihydrate
disodium dioxido-dioxomolybdenum
disodium dioxomolybdenumbis(olate)
Disodium Molybdate
Disodium tetraoxomolybdate
disodium tetraoxomolybdate dihydrate
disodium;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum
SODIUM MOLYBDATE
Sodium molybdate dihydrate
Sodium molybdate(VI) dihydrate

NaMo
Sodium Molybdate
Sodium Molybdate Anhydrous
Sodium Molybdate Crystalline (SMC)
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate
SoMo

WHAT IS SODIUM MOLYBDATE?
There are two main forms of Sodium Molybdate.
Sodium Molybdate, Dihydrate is a crystalline powder.
It loses its water of crystallization at 100 degrees Celsius.
It is known to be less toxic than the other corresponding compounds of group 6B elements in the periodic table.
Sodium Molybdate, Dihydrate is used in the manufacturing of inorganic and organic pigments, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a bath additive for finishing metals finishing, as a reagent for alkaloids, and as an essential micronutrient for plants and animals.

Sodium Molybdate, Anhydrous is a small, lustrous, crystalline plate.
It has the melting point of 687 degrees Celsius and a density of 3.28 (18C).
It is soluble in water and also noncombustible.
It can be used for reagent in analytical chemistry, paint pigment, production of molybdated toners and lakes, metal finishing, brightening agent for zinc plating, corrosion inhibitor, catalyst in dye and pigment production, additive for fertilizers and feeds, and micronutrient.

SODIUM MOLIBDATE is a Plant Nutrient that is directly involved in the metabolic functions of nitrogen in the plant.
Sodium molybdate helps with the uptake of nitrogen, ensuring efficient nitrogen-fixing for these plants, and allowing nitrogen to be synthesized into ammonia and essential amino acids.

Sodium molybdate is a source of molybdenum oxide, and this chemical has a variety of useful industrial, commercial, and agricultural purposes

SODIUM MOLIBDATE is a crystalline powder of 100% sodium molybdate, which may be used either as a seeddressing or foliar spray to combat molybdenum deficiency in agricultural crops.

Sodium Molybdate (Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate) is widely used in manufacturing, including agricultural fertilizers, pigments, catalysts, fire retardants, corrosion inhibitors, as well as water treatment.

CROP RATE OF APPLICATION REMARKS

LUCERN: 125 – 250 g/ha
Seed treatment simultaneously with inoculation.

GRASS/CLOVER PASTURES: 155 g/ha
Foliar spray onto young regrowth after cutting.

TOMATOES: 250 g/ha Molybdenum deficiency occurs generally in the Transvaal Lowveld, especially on acid soils.
Apply to the planting furrow just before transplanting, or as a foliar spray.

MAIZE: 60 g/1,25 ℓ water
Place 100 kg seed in a drum with watertight lid.
Add the solution and turn the drum over for 15 to 20 minutes by rolling or by turning on an axle by means of a handle.
The seed may be treated any time before planting.

CRUCIFEROUS CROPS: 100 – 250 g/ha
Spray the young plants with a solution of water.

CUCURBITS: 2 g/1 ℓ water
Let the seed soak overnight in a 0,2% solution and plant directly afterwards.

SUNFLOWER: 25 g/25 g seed A solution of the trace element should be applied uniformly to the seed.
50 g/100 ℓ water Apply to the seedling as a full cover foliar spray.

Why Sodium Molybdate Is Used In Agriculture Industry

In recent times, the agriculture sector is used the best chemical compounds for fertilizer.
One of the popular chemicals for fertilizer application is sodium molybdate.
The fertilizer uses this chemical easily soluble in water and soaks into the soil that reduces the runoff.
It helps to reduce the waste chemical compound, which can harm the environment.
Sodium Molybdate is mostly used as an important micronutrient for animals and plants, additive for metals finishing, and much more.

Overview of sodium molybdate

It is available in different forms such as Sodium Molybdate and Dihydrate, which is a crystalline powder.
This chemical is lower toxic when compared to other compounds of group 6B parts in the table.
It is mostly used in organic and inorganic pigment manufacturing.
Anhydrous is a small crystalline plate that has a 687 degrees Celsius melting point.
This chemical is easily soluble in water.
It is mostly used for reagents in paint pigment, molybdated toner production, brightening agent for zinc plating, paint pigment, and much more.

Benefits of using Sodium Molybdate

Nowadays, Sodium Molybdate is used in different sectors such as printing, manufacturing, metalwork, agriculture, and others due to its benefits.
Over one million pounds of this chemical fertilizer are used every year. Followings are some common benefits of using this mineral.

The molybdate contains lots of elements in the highest oxidation state. It helps to the high solubility of chemical compounds in the water.
Sodium Molybdate is beneficial for fertilizer application in the agriculture sector.
Sodium Molybdate is used as a delivery vessel for important micronutrients in the plant.
It is the main reason for using this chemical compound for fertilizer in agriculture.

Farmers mostly use sodium molybdate that provides important micronutrients.
Sodium Molybdate helps to drive the function of the plant effectively. The efficiency of the plant is not only by the smaller amount required to make an impact on the plant.
It can administer the chemical in absorbing water-based substances quickly.

Sodium Molybdate is mostly used by people who focus on leguminous plants such as peanut, peas, lentils, alfalfa, and much more.
Sodium Molybdate aids with the nitrogen intake and assures effective nitrogen-fixing for some plants.
This chemical lets to fix atmospheric nitrogen available in the surrounding by the bacteria.
It converts the nitrogen to synthesize into the amino acid, ammonia, and others in the plant.

Agricultural Additive For Fertilizer
Sodium molybdate is widely used as an agricultural additive on farms.
It’s an ideal choice for fertilizer applications.
This is because the basic chemistry of molybdate compounds like sodium molybdate include molybdenum oxide at its highest oxidation state.

This means that Sodium molybdate is highly-soluble in water.
This means that fertilizers using sodium molybdate easily combine and mix with water and soak into soil, delivering molybdenum oxide and other valuable micronutrients into the roots and minimizing runoff, which wastes chemical compounds and can have negative environmental consequences.

Sodium molybdate is particularly popular among farmers who primarily focus on legumes like lentils, beans, alfalfa, and peanuts.
Sodium molybdate helps with the uptake of nitrogen, ensuring efficient nitrogen-fixing for these plants, and allowing nitrogen to be synthesized into ammonia and essential amino acids.

Hydroponic Farming & Agriculture
Similarly to traditional soil-based fertilizer applications, sodium molybdate can be used in hydroponic farming, which uses inert substrates as the growing medium instead of soil.
Mineral nutrient solutions are delivered directly to the plants using water, so highly-soluble nutrients and fertilizers – such as sodium molybdate – are very desirable for these purposes.

Corrosion Inhibitor
Sodium molybdate is commonly used as a metal corrosion inhibitor for iron and steel, and is commonly found in water treatment products like chiller systems, where bimetallic design and construction can raise the risk of metal corrosion.

This additive is primarily used in closed-loop systems, and is regarded to be far superior to other corrosion inhibitors like sodium nitrate.
At concentrations of just 50 to 100 ppm, sodium molybdate offers superior performance compared to 800+ ppm concentrations of sodium nitrate.

Sodium Molybdate is used in water treatment, including industrial water treatment due to its low toxicity.
The advantage of Sodium Molybdate in water treatment is that it is effective in low dosages, which maintains low conductivity of water and prevents corrosion by reducing galvanic corrosion potentials.

Sodium Molybdate is also used for metal surface treatment, including galvanizing and polishing.

Nutritional Supplement
Some people may choose to supplement their diets with sodium molybdate.
These products can be found on their own, but molybdenum is typically found in multivitamins and complex vitamins.
Typical doses for dietary supplements range from about 50 mcg to 500 mcg (micrograms) of sodium molybdate.

Most people do not need an additional source of molybdenum, as this micronutrient is present in a wide variety of foods, such as legumes, yogurt, potatoes, whole-grain bread, beef liver, spinach, corn, cheese, tuna, and more.

However, in individuals who may have an improper diet or who wish to ensure they get adequate micronutrients, sodium molybdate is a good option.
Cases of toxicity due to excessive intake of molybdenum are rare, and usually only occur due to exposure in the mining and metalworking industries, so supplementing with sodium molybdate is typically harmless.

Molybdenum importance for appropriate plant functioning and growth is inconsistent by the most of the plants in respect to the total quantity that is obligatory for them.
Molybdenum is a micronutrient that is directly involved in the metabolic functions of nitrogen in the plant.
The transition metal molybdenum, in molybdate form, is essential for plants as a number of enzymes use it to catalyze most important reactions in the nitrogen acclimatization, the synthesis of the phytohormone, degradation of the purine and the detoxification of the sulfite.
There are more than known 50 different enzymes that need Mo, whether direct or indirect impacts on plant growth and development, primarily phytohormones and the N-metabolism involving processes.

Molybdenum deficiency in plants

Molybdenum (Mo) is one of the six ‘minor’ chemical elements required by green plants.
The other five are iron, copper, zinc, manganese and boron.
These elements are termed ‘minor’ because plants need them in only very small amounts (in comparison with the ‘major’ elements nitrogen, phosphorus,potassium, sulfur, calcium and magnesium).
But they are essential for normal growth.
Of these six minor elements, molybdenum is needed in smaller quantities than any of the others.
As little as 50 grams of molybdenum per hectare will satisfy the needs of most crops.
Molybdenum is often present in farmyard manure, in seeds or other planting material such as tubers and corms, and as impurities in some artificial fertilisers.
The molybdenum supply from the seed appears to be significant only where the size of the seed is fairly large.
For example, the molybdenum content of bean, pea and maize seed can be important, but that of tomato seed is probably of little significance

SOIL ACIDITY
Molybdenum in acid soils tends to be unavailable to plants. This is why most molybdenum deficiencies occur on acid, rather than on neutral or alkaline soils.
A few cases of molybdenum deficiency have been reported on soils with a pH above 6.0, but most occur where pH is 5.5 or less.
(Note: On the pH scale 7.0 is neutral. Less than 7 indicates acidity, and above 7.0 alkalinity.)

FUNCTION IN PLANTS
Molybdenum is needed by plants for chemical changes associated with nitrogen nutrition.
In non-legumes (such as cauliflowers, tomatoes, lettuce, sunflowers and maize), molybdenum enables the plant to use the nitrates taken up from the soil.
Where the plant has insufficient molybdenum the nitrates accumulate in the leaves and the plant cannot use them to make proteins.
The result is that the plant becomes stunted, with symptoms similar to those of nitrogen deficiency.
At the same time, the edges of the leaves may become scorched by the accumulation of unused nitrates.
In legumes such as clovers, lucerne, beans and peas, molybdenum serves two functions.
The plant needs it to break down any nitrates taken up from the soil—in the same way as non-legumes use molybdenum.
And it helps in the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by the root nodule bacteria.
Legumes need more molybdenum to fix nitrogen than to utilise nitrates.

SYMPTOMS
The main symptoms of molybdenum deficiency in non-legumes are stunting and failure of leaves to develop a healthy dark green colour.
The leaves of affected plants show a pale green or yellowish green colour between the veins and along the edges.
In advanced stages, the leaf tissue at the margins of the leaves dies.
The older leaves are the more severely affected.
In cauliflowers, the yellowing of the tissue on the outer leaves is followed by the death of the edges of the small heart leaves.
When these develop, the absence of leaf tissue on their edges results in the formation of narrow, distorted leaves to which the name ‘whiptail’ has been applied.
Affected leaves are usually slightly thickened and the leaf edges tend to curl upwards, especially in tomatoes.
It has been mentioned that legumes such as peas and beans need molybdenum either for utilisation of nitrates (as do non-legumes), or for nitrogen fixation by root nodule bacteria.
Where molybdenum is deficient, and adequate nitrogen is available from fertilisers applied to the soil, symptoms of molybdenum deficiency are similar to those seen in non-legumes, namely, interveinal and marginal leaf chlorosis followed by death of the tissue on the leaf margins.
These symptoms are seen in a condition found in french beans in the Gosford district, to which the name ‘scald’ has been applied.
In lucerne, clover and other pasture legumes, the main symptoms are associated with an inability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
This stunting and yellowing is identical with nitrogen deficiency and resembles legumes having no nodules and grown in poor soils.

DIAGNOSIS
In some crops, especially cauliflowers, there are very characteristic molybdenum deficiency symptoms.
In others it is not always possible to diagnose with certainty whether a plant or a crop is suffering from a low supply of molybdenum.
The best way to find out is to apply a solution of sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate to the leaves of the plants or to the soil at their base, and see whether there is any response.
This would be in the form of improved growth or development of a healthy leaf colour, compared with similar, untreated plants.
Certain chemical tests can help diagnose molybdenum deficiency.
In addition, the following can often help determine whether it is worthwhile making a trial application of molybdenum:
• Occurrence of whiptail in cauliflowers in the same locality.
Cauliflowers have a high molybdenum requirement.
If they are growing well on an unlimed soil, and without any trace of whiptail disease, it is unlikely that other crops in that area would suffer from molybdenum deficiency.
• Soil acidity. As mentioned earlier, molybdenum deficiency is more likely on acid soils having a pH of 5.5 or less
• Use of farmyard manure. Where large amounts of farmyard manure have been used, molybdenum deficiency is less likely.
• Patchy distribution of affected plants. Patchy distribution is characteristic of molybdenum deficiency.
The whole crop may be affected, but it is much more usual to find patches of affected plants in an otherwise healthy crop, or vice versa.

CONTROL
In most soils, molybdenum present in an unavailable form will be released by applying lime or dolomite.
The effect of liming on molybdenum availability is slow and it may take several months to correct the deficiency.
The amounts of lime or dolomite needed may range from 2 to 8 tonnes per hectare, depending on initial pH of the soil and whether it is sandy or heavy textured.
Unless lime is likely to be beneficial for other reasons, it is quicker and cheaper to apply a molybdenum compound to the soil or to the crop.
Where one of the molybdenum compounds is used, the quantities recommended vary from 75 g to 1 kg/ ha depending on the crop and the molybdenum material.
Molybdenum can be applied in the following ways:
• mixed with fertiliser; or
• in solution, to — seedlings in the seedbed before transplanting; — the leaves of plants in the field; or — the soil at the base of plants in the field.

CROP RECOMMENDATIONS
Clovers and lucerne Molybdenum trioxide (or equivalent amounts of sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate): 75 g/ ha mixed with superphosphate. Vegetable crops
(a) Mixed with fertiliser. Ammonium molybdate or sodium molybdate, 1 kg/ha.
(b) Seedbed application to crops such as cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage and tomato.
Ammonium molybdate or sodium molybdate, 40 g dissolved in 50 L water and watered on to each 10 m2 of seedbed about one to two weeks before transplanting.
(Following such seedbed applications, cauliflower seedlings often develop a distinct blue colour in the stems and leaves.
This blue colour gradually disappears when they are transplanted.)
(c) Field application to growing crops. About 50 g of ammonium molybdate or sodium molybdate in 100 L water.
This may be sprayed onto the leaves of plants such as tomatoes and beans or it can be applied to the ground at the base of the plants, giving each cauliflower or tomato plant about 150 mL of solution.
These recommendations are usually more than enough to supply the molybdenum requirements of crops.
Lower rates may be adequate, but more than the recommended rate is a waste of money, and may injure the plants.

Mo COMPOUNDS AVAILABLE
Molybdenum compounds used for crops include molybdenum trioxide, sodium molybdate and ammonium molybdate.
Choice of the material to be used depends on whether it is to be applied with fertilizer or as a solution Molybdenum trioxide is only partially soluble in water.
It is the form usually used in molybdenized superphosphate but is not suitable for making up sprays to treat a growing crop.
Molybdenum trioxide (also called molybdic oxide) contains 66 per cent molybdenum.
Ammonium molybdate contains 54 per cent molybdenum.
Though it is soluble in water, it is frequently sold in large lumps which dissolve slowly in cold water.
It is better either to use hot water to dissolve the lumps or to crush them to a fine powder before adding to the water
Sodium molybdate is usually sold in a form containing 39 per cent molybdenum.
It is sold as fine crystals which dissolve readily in cold water and this material is undoubtedly the most convenient for the preparation of solutions to be used for spraying

Sodium Molybdate is a free flowing soluble crystalline fertiliser and is used to supply the trace element molybdenum to crops and livestock in various situations.
Sodium Molybdate is only required in very small quantities to satisfy annual plant requirements.
Sodium Molybdate is suitable for foliar or fertigation application on a wide range of horticultural and broad acre crops and pastures.

SODIUM MOLYBDATE BENEFITS
• Supplies the essential trace element molybdenum to crops and livestock
• Foliar applied to crops and pastures grown on acid soils where plant availability is low
• Essential for conversion of nitrates in leaves to amino acids and proteins
• Suitable for foliar or fertigation
• Ideal for brassica, beans, peas, grapes, cucurbits, canola, clover and other crops and pastures susceptible to molybdenum deficiency.

Sodium Molybdate Sodium molybdate, Na2MoO4, is useful as a source of molybdenum.[2] It is often found as the dihydrate, Na2MoO4·2H2O. The molybdate(VI) anion is tetrahedral. Two sodium cations coordinate with every one anion. Sodium Molybdate is a crystalline powder essential for the metabolism and development of plants and animals as a cofactor for enzymes. History Sodium molybdate was first synthesized by the method of hydration.[4] A more convenient synthesis is done by dissolving MoO3 in sodium hydroxide at 50–70 °C and crystallizing the filtered product.[3] The anhydrous salt is prepared by heating to 100 °C. MoO3 + 2NaOH + H2O → Na2MoO4·2H2O Uses The agriculture industry uses 1 million pounds per year as a fertilizer. In particular, its use has been suggested for treatment of whiptail in broccoli and cauliflower in molybdenum-deficient soils.[5][6] However, care must be taken because at a level of 0.3 ppm sodium molybdate can cause copper deficiencies in animals, particularly cattle.[3] It is used in industry for corrosion inhibition, as it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor.[3] The addition of sodium molybdate significantly reduces the nitrite requirement of fluids inhibited with nitrite-amine, and improves the corrosion protection of carboxylate salt fluids.[7] In industrial water treatment applications where galvanic corrosion is a potential due to bimetallic construction, the application of sodium molybdate is preferred over sodium nitrite. Sodium molybdate has the advantage in that the dosing of lower ppm's of molybdate allow for lower conductivity of the circulating water. Sodium molybdate at levels of 50-100 ppm offer the same levels of corrosion inhibition that sodium nitrite at levels of 800+ ppm. By utilizing lower concentrations of sodium molybdate, conductivity is kept at a minimum and thus galvanic corrosion potentials are decreased. Reactions When reacted with sodium borohydride, molybdenum is reduced to lower valent molybdenum(IV) oxide: Na2MoO4 + NaBH4 + 2H2O → NaBO2 + MoO2 + 2NaOH + 3H2 Sodium molybdate reacts with the acids of dithiophosphates: Na2MoO4 + (R = Me, Et)(RO)2PS2H → [MoO2(S2P(OR)2)2] which further reacts to form [MoO3(S2P(OR)2)4]. Compound Formula H4Na2MoO6 Molecular Weight 241.95 Appearance White powder or crystals Melting Point 100 °C Boiling Point N/A Density 2.37 g/cm3 Solubility in H2O N/A Exact Mass 243.885735 Monoisotopic Mass 243.885735 Chemical Identifiers Linear Formula Na2MoO4 • 2H2O MDL Number MFCD00149170 EC No. 231-551-7 Pubchem CID 16211258 IUPAC Name disodium; dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum; dihydrate SMILES [Na+].[Na+]. O.O.[O-][Mo] ([O-])(=O)=O InchI Identifier InChI=1S/Mo.2Na.2H2O.4O/h;;;2*1H2;;;;/q;2*+1;;;;;2*-1 InchI Key FDEIWTXVNPKYDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Safety Sodium molybdate is incompatible with alkali metals, most common metals and oxidizing agents. It will explode on contact with molten magnesium. It will violently react with interhalogens (e.g., bromine pentafluoride; chlorine trifluoride). Its reaction with hot sodium, potassium or lithium is incandescent. It is a molybdenum transition metal and in its pure form it is silvery white in color and very hard. Its melting temperature is quite high. Further hardening of the steel can be achieved by adding a small amount. Molybdenum is also important in the nutrition of plants and is involved in some enzymes. Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed in 1778 that the mineral (molybdenite), which was previously thought to be a lead ore or graphite, was a sulfur compound of an unknown metal. Swedish chemist Peter Jacob Hjelm also separated molybdenum into metal in 1782 and named it after the Greek word molybdos, which means "like lead". Although molybdenum is found in minerals such as wulfenite (PbMoO4) or powellite (CaMoO4), the main commercial source of molybdenum is molybdenite (MoS2). Molybdenum can also be obtained by direct mining and as a byproduct during copper mining. Molybdenum is found in its ores in amounts varying from 0.01% to 0.5%. About half of the world's molybdenum mining is carried out in the USA (Phelps Dodge Corporation). Molybdenum, which is similar to chromium and wolfram in terms of chemical properties; It has superior properties such as high melting and boiling point, high heat resistance, high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion. Molybdenum melts at 2623 ° C. With this feature, it takes the sixth place among metals. Molybdenum boiling at 4639 ° C is not affected by air in cold, oxidized in incandescent state, affected by nitric and sulfuric acids, decomposes water vapor at high temperatures. The density of molybdenum is 10.28 gr / cm3. Usage areas The agricultural industry uses up to £ 1 million a year of fertilizer. In particular, it has been suggested to be used for processing broccoli and cauliflower seeds in molybdenum deficient soils. However, caution should be exercised as sodium molybdate at a level of 0.3 ppm can cause copper deficiencies in animals, especially cattle. It is used in industry for corrosion prevention because it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor. The addition of sodium molybdate significantly reduces the nitrite requirement of nitrite-amine inhibited liquids and improves the corrosion protection of carboxylate salt fluids. In industrial water treatment applications where galvanic corrosion is potential due to the bimetal structure, sodium molybdate application is preferred over sodium nitrite. Sodium molybdate has the advantage that lower ppm molybdate dosing has lower conductivity of circulating water. Sodium molybdate at 50-100 ppm levels offers the same levels of corrosion inhibition as sodium nitrite at 800+ ppm levels. By using lower concentrations of sodium molybdate, conductivity is kept to a minimum, thus reducing galvanic corrosion potential Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is generally immediately available in most volumes. Hydrate or anhydrous forms may be purchased. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. WHAT IS SODIUM MOLYBDATE? There are two main forms of Sodium Molybdate. Sodium Molybdate, Dihydrate is a crystalline powder. It loses its water of crystallization at 100 degrees Celsius. It is known to be less toxic than the other corresponding compounds of group 6B elements in the periodic table. Sodium Molybdate, Dihydrate is used in the manufacturing of inorganic and organic pigments, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a bath additive for finishing metals finishing, as a reagent for alkaloids, and as an essential micronutrient for plants and animals. Sodium Molybdate, Anhydrous is a small, lustrous, crystalline plate. It has the melting point of 687 degrees Celsius and a density of 3.28 (18C). It is soluble in water and also noncombustible. It can be used for reagent in analytical chemistry, paint pigment, production of molybdated toners and lakes, metal finishing, brightening agent for zinc plating, corrosion inhibitor, catalyst in dye and pigment production, additive for fertilizers and feeds, and micronutrient. WHY THE AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY USES SODIUM MOLYBDATE Sodium Molybdate uses cover a wide range of fields, including manufacturing, metalwork, printing, and more. But the impact it can have on plants and animals has brought it into the forefront of use for the agriculture industry, to the tune of more than 1 million pounds of sodium molybdate fertilizer used per year. The basic chemistry of a molybdate, such as sodium molybdate, contains the element molybdenum in its highest oxidation state, which in turn helps contribute to a high solubility of the chemical in water, a benefit in fertilizer application. This characteristic, when combined with sodium molybdate’s use as a delivery vessel for essential micronutrients (such as molybdenum) in plants, serves as another key reason for the choice of sodium molybdate fertilizer over other types of fertilizers used in agriculture. Another touchpoint for this usage ties back to the hydroponic nutrient practice that is growing in popularity. Hydroponics is an agricultural method in which plants are grown without soil. Instead, they receive their essential micronutrients through a water solvent, a practice that has shown growth rates almost 50 percent faster than traditional soil-grown plants, in addition to a higher yield from hydroponic plants. Sodium molybdate has seen a particularly strong uptick in usage among farmers of leguminous plants, such as alfalfa, peas, beans, lentils and peanuts. Included in fertilizer, it provides these plants with enhanced uptake of the essential nitrogen element, while also allowing for efficient fixing of atmospheric nitrogen found in the atmosphere by bacteria in the legumes. These bacteria convert the nitrogen into ammonia to synthesize amino acids within the plant. Overall, the use of sodium molybdate in the agricultural industry can be summarized in that it is one of the few chemicals that can provide essential micronutrients and help drive plant function in a form that is both efficient and effective. Efficiency is shown not only by the relatively small amounts needed to make an impact on the treated plants, but also in the ability to administer the chemical in easily-absorbed water-based formats. Use of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Benzopyranopyrimidine Derivatives Sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO4.2H2O) has been investigated as a heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot pseudo–four-component synthesis of the benzopyranopyrimidine derivatives. This efficient and facile technique avoids the use of difficult workup and harsh reaction conditions. SODIUM MOLYBDATE Sodium Molybdate is a free flowing soluble crystalline fertiliser and is used to supply the trace element molybdenum to crops and livestock in various situations. Sodium Molybdate is only required in very small quantities to satisfy annual plant requirements. Sodium Molybdate is suitable for foliar or fertigation application on a wide range of horticultural and broad acre crops and pastures. SODIUM MOLYBDATE BENEFITS • Supplies the essential trace element molybdenum to crops and livestock • Foliar applied to crops and pastures grown on acid soils where plant availability is low • Essential for conversion of nitrates in leaves to amino acids and proteins • Suitable for foliar or fertigation • Ideal for brassica, beans, peas, grapes, cucurbits, canola, clover and other crops and pastures susceptible to molybdenum deficiency. Application Sodium Molybdate can be used as a foliar or fertigation application in a regular nutrition program for applicable crops and pastures. Multiple applications may be required if leaf analyses reveal ongoing deficiency. Note: Molybdenum can be toxic when levels become too high. One spray per crop is generally sufficient, except where deficiency is noted. Susceptible crops such as brassicas and cucurbits may require two sprays three weeks apart Molybdate Stabilization It is well known that sodium molybdate forms stable complexes with thiols (Kay and Mitchell, 1968; Kaul et al., 1987). Ever since Pratt described the ability of molybdate to stabilize the steroid binding activity of receptors, and to block activation (or transformation) (Leach et al., 1979), it has been suspected that molybdate exerted its effects by interacting with cysteines of the receptor. A series of indirect experiments led to the postulate that the sequence of 644–671, and especially cysteines 656 and 661, were required for molybdate stabilization (Dalman et al., 1991a). Experiments with receptor fragments of wild-type and mutant receptors have supported the involvement of this region. However, they have also ruled out the involvement of Cys-656 and 661 in any of molybdate’s effects (Modarress et al., 1994) (see Section III,E,4). Chemicals Cobalt thiocyanate, cobalt acetate dihydrate, glacial acetic acid, isopropylamine, acetaldehyde, ammonium vanadate, formaldehyde, para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, ferric chloride, vanillin, sodium molybdate, selenius acid, copper sulfate pentahydrate, sodium nitroprusside, 2-chloroacetophenone, and sodium carbonate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol, hexane, and chloroform were obtained from Burdick and Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA). Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and pyridine were purchased from Mallinckrodt Baker, (Paris, KY, USA). Ethanol was obtained from Quantum Chemical (Tuscola, IL, USA). The drugs were purchased in powder form from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA), Alltech-Applied Science (State College, PA, USA) or Research Triangle Institute (RTI, NC, USA). Animal Water-insoluble molybdenite (MoS2) is practically nontoxic; rats dosed with up to 500 mg molybdenite daily for 44 days exhibited no adverse effects. In contrast, animals dosed subchronically with water-soluble molybdenum compounds exhibited gastrointestinal disturbances, growth retardation, anemia, hypothyroidism, bone and joint deformities, liver and kidney abnormalities, and death. Fifty percent mortality was reported in rats maintained for 40 days on molybdenum-enhanced diets containing 125 mg Mo kg−1 (as molybdenum trioxide, MoO3), 100 mg Mo kg−1 (as calcium molybdate, CaMoO4), or 333 mg Mo kg−1 (as ammonium molybdate, (NH4)2MoO4). A dietary level of 0.1% sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4·2H2O) for several weeks was lethal to rabbits. Growth retardation was observed in rats maintained on diets containing 0.04–0.12% molybdenum. Evidence that the toxic effects of molybdenum might be caused by a secondarily acquired copper deficiency was shown in a study where a significant reduction in growth occurred in rats after 11 weeks on a diet containing 20 ppm molybdenum and 5 ppm copper; whereas, growth was not affected by molybdenum dietary levels as high as 80 ppm when the dietary level of copper was increased to 20 ppm. Hypothyroidism, as evidenced by decreased levels of plasma thyroxin, was found in rabbits maintained on a diet containing 0.3% Mo (as sodium molybdate) for several weeks or longer. Anemia, as well as anorexia, weight loss, alopecia, and bone deformities occurred in young rabbits maintained for 4–17 weeks on a diet containing 0.1% molybdenum (as sodium molybdate). Anemia was also observed in rats maintained on a diet containing 0.04% Mo (as sodium molybdate) for 5 weeks, in rabbits on a dietary level of 0.2% sodium molybdate for 5 weeks, and in chicks on a dietary level of 0.4% sodium molybdate for 4 weeks. Signs of anemia and marked erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow were observed in rabbits maintained for 11 days on a diet containing 0.4% sodium molybdate. Bone and connective tissue disorders observed in animals receiving dietary levels of molybdenum 0.04% for 4 weeks or longer included mandibular exostoses, joint deformities, detachment of tendons, epiphyseal line fractures, and epiphyseal plate widening. Acute and Short-Term Toxicity There is considerable variability in the toxicity of molybdenum, depending on the chemical form and the animal species. Generally, soluble compounds are more toxic than insoluble compounds. In animals, acutely toxic oral doses of molybdenum result in severe gastrointestinal irritation with diarrhea, coma, and death from cardiac failure. The rat oral lethal doses (LD50s) values are 188 mg kg−1 for molybdenum trioxide, and 680 mg kg−1 for ammonium molybdate. The LD50 for water-insoluble molybdentite (MoS2) is >500 mg kg−1 and exposures at this level for 44 days exhibited no adverse effects. Oral subchronic median LD50s for molybdenum oxide, calcium molybdate, and ammonium molybdate in rats were 125, 101, and 330 mg kg−1 day−1, respectively, with deaths occurring over a period of 8–232 days. Molybdenum compounds produce varying degrees of eye and skin irritation, with molybdenum trioxide producing eye and respiratory irritation. Rabbits exposed to dietary doses of ammonium molybdate at 0.025, 0.5, 5, and 50 mg kg−1 day−1 for 6 months resulted in liver changes that generated a NOAEL of 0.5 mg kg−1 day−1. Guinea pigs are a less-sensitive species after dietary exposure to sodium molybdate for 8 weeks yielded a LOAEL of 75 mg kg−1 day−1. Anemia, as well as anorexia, weight loss, alopecia, and bone deformities occurred in young rabbits maintained for 4–17 weeks on a diet containing 0.1% molybdenum (as sodium molybdate). Anemia was also observed in rats maintained on a diet containing 0.04% Mo (as sodium molybdate) for 5 weeks, in rabbits on a dietary level of 0.2% sodium molybdate for 5 weeks, and in chicks on a dietary level of 0.4% sodium molybdate for 4 weeks. Signs of anemia and marked erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow were observed in rabbits maintained for 11 days on a diet containing 0.4% sodium molybdate. Bone and connective tissue disorders observed in animals receiving dietary levels of molybdenum 0.04% for 4 weeks or longer included mandibular exostoses, joint deformities, detachment of tendons, epiphyseal line fractures, and epiphyseal plate widening. Medium formulation Chemostat glucose-limited synthetic minimal media contains (per liter) 0.1 g calcium chloride, 0.1 g sodium chloride, 0.5 g magnesium sulfate, 1 g potassium phosphate monobasic, 5 g ammonium sulfate, 500 μg boric acid, 40 μg copper sulfate, 100 μg potassium iodide, 200 μg ferric chloride, 400 μg manganese sulfate, 200 μg sodium molybdate, 400 μg zinc sulfate, 1 μg biotin, 200 μg calcium pantothenate, 1 μg folic acid, 1 mg inositol, 200 μg niacin, 100 μg p-aminobenzoic acid, 200 μg pyridoxine, 100 μg riboflavin, 200 μg thiamine, and 0.08% glucose. Medium is prepared in 10 l quantities, mixed thoroughly, and filter sterilized into an autoclaved glass carboy. Carboy has an outlet port at bottom, leading to a small piece of tubing with a luer lock connector at the end. All entry and exit ports are covered with foil before autoclaving. Outflow tubing is sealed with a metal clamp before filling. Carboy is placed on a shelf above chemostat area. Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on safety and efficacy of sodium molybdate dihydrate for sheep, based on a dossier submitted for the re‐evaluation of the additive. The additive is currently authorised in the EU for all animal species as ‘Nutritional additive’ – ‘Compounds of trace elements’. Taking the optimal Cu:Mo ratio of 3–10, and the highest total copper level authorised in complete feeds for sheep (15 mg/kg), the FEEDAP Panel concluded that 2.5 mg total Mo/kg complete feed is safe for sheep. Considering (i) a safe intake of 0.6 mg Mo/day, (ii) the estimate average intake figure from food in Europe (generally less than 100 μg/day), (iii) the contribution of foods of animal origin to the total molybdenum intake (estimated to be up to 22 %), and (iv) that molybdenum would not accumulate in edible tissues/products of sheep fed molybdenum supplemented diets up to the upper safe level, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that the use of sodium molybdate as a additive in sheep at 2.5 mg total Mo/kg complete feed is safe for consumers. The additive under assessment feed poses no risk by inhalation to users; it is a skin and eye irritant, but it is not considered as a skin sensitiser. Sodium molybdate used up to 2.5 mg Mo/kg complete sheep feed poses no concerns for the safety for the environment. The FEEDAP Panel recognises that molybdenum does not need to be added to diets to cover the nutritional needs of molybdenum of sheep. Molybdenum supplementation in sheep feed is considered effective in order to guarantee an adequate balance with copper, when the Cu:Mo ratio in the diet is in the range 3–10. Summary Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on safety and efficacy of sodium molybdate dihydrate for sheep. The additive is currently authorised in the European Union (EU) under the element Molybdenum‐Mo (E7) for all animal species; the compound is included in the EU Register of Feed Additives under the category ‘Nutritional additives’ and the functional group ‘Compounds of trace elements’. Molybdenum toxicity in farm animals is manifested as antagonism of absorption and/or biological activity of copper, and is greatly enhanced by high sulfur content in the diet. Ruminants, including sheep, are highly susceptible to molybdenum excess, which may induce a clinically severe copper deficiency (molybdenosis). Conversely, low molybdenum in the diet is expected to enhance copper toxicity, if the intake of copper is high. The FEEDAP Panel considered therefore not possible to establish an absolute figure for a dietary molybdenum concentration which is equally safe for sheep and effective in preventing copper toxicity. Considering that (i) the key parameter to ensure the safety of molybdenum supplementation is the optimal Cu:Mo ratio, which in sheep is in the range of 3–10 and (ii) the highest total copper level authorised in complete feeds for sheep is 15 mg/kg, the FEEDAP Panel concluded, that 2.5 mg total Mo/kg complete feed is safe for sheep. Toxicokinetic data in laboratory rodents and farm animals (including sheep), however incomplete, uniformly indicate that molybdenum would not accumulate in edible tissues or products of sheep fed molybdenum supplemented diets up to the upper maximum level of 2.5 mg/kg. The FEEDAP Panel considered that the available data support an upper intake tolerable level (UL) of 0.01 mg/kg body weight (bw) for molybdenum based on the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for female reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity of 0.9 mg/kg bw per day and the application of a 100‐safety factor. The UL would result in a safe intake of 0.6 mg/day in a 60‐kg individual; this intake is largely higher than the estimate average intake figure from food in Europe (generally less than 100 μg/day). Molybdenum is ubiquitous in foods, surveys in the EU countries provide average intake figures generally lower than 100 μg/day, whereas offals (liver and kidney) are relatively rich sources of molybdenum, the contribution of foods of animal origin to the total molybdenum intake has been estimated to be up to 22%. Molybdenum would not accumulate in edible tissues or products of sheep fed molybdenum supplemented diets up to the upper maximum level of 2.5 mg/kg. Therefore, the FEEDAP Panel considered that the use of sodium molybdate as a feed additive in sheep at 2.5 mg Mo/kg complete feed is safe for consumers. Molybdenum is a potential respiratory toxicant; the available data indicate that the use of the sodium molybdate under evaluation in animal nutrition poses no risk by inhalation to users. The additive is a skin and eye irritant, but it is not considered as a skin sensitiser. The use of sodium molybdate as a feed additive in sheep up to maximum of 2.5 mg of Mo/kg complete feed poses no concerns for the safety for the environment. The FEEDAP Panel recognises that molybdenum does not need to be added to diets to cover the nutritional needs of molybdenum of sheep. Molybdenum supplementation in sheep feed is considered effective in order to guarantee an adequate balance with copper, when the Cu:Mo ratio in the diet is in the range 3–10. Additional information The additive ‘Sodium molybdate’ had been authorised in the European Union (EU) under the element Molybdenum‐Mo (E7) for all animal species ‘Without a time limit’ (Council Directive 70/524/EEC concerning additives in feedingstuffs – List of authorised additives in feedingstuffs (2004/C 50/01). Following the provisions of Article 10(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 the compound was included in the EU Register of Feed Additives under the category ‘Nutritional additives’ and the functional group ‘Compounds of trace elements’. The Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) of the European Commission published in the year 2000 an opinion on the tolerable upper intake levels of molybdenum (European Commission, 2000). The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS Panel) delivered an opinion on potassium molybdate as a source of molybdenum added for nutritional purposes to food supplements (EFSA, 2009). The EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA Panel) delivered an opinion on dietary reference values for molybdenum (EFSA NDA Panel, 2013). According to Regulation (EC) no 1170/20092, Molybdenum is listed as mineral which may be used in the manufacture of food supplements (Annex I); the following molybdenum compounds are authorised for use in the manufacture of food supplements: ammonium molybdate (molybdenum (VI)), potassium molybdate (molybdenum (VI)) and sodium molybdate (molybdenum (VI)) (Annex II); the following molybdenum compounds are authorised as mineral substances which may be added to foods: ammonium molybdate (molybdenum (VI)) and sodium molybdate (molybdenum (VI)) (Annex III). The following molybdenum compounds may be added for specific nutritional purposes in foods for particular nutritional uses (Commission Regulation (EC) No 953/2009)3: ammonium molybdate and sodium molybdate. The following types of fertilisers containing molybdenum and described as ‘Fertilisers containing only one micro‐nutrient’ are listed in Annex I of Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council4 as: (a) sodium molybdate (chemically obtained product containing sodium molybdate as its essential ingredient), (b) ammonium molybdate (chemically obtained product containing ammonium molybdate as its essential ingredient), (c) molybdenum‐based fertiliser Product obtained by mixing types (a) and (b)), and (d) molybdenum‐based fertiliser solution (product obtained by dissolving types ‘(a)’ and/or one of the type ‘(b)’ in water). Effects on skin and eye No original studies were provided by the applicant. The potential of sodium molybdate to elicit skin and ocular irritation or skin sensitization were briefly reviewed in (European Commission, 2000). When tested in rabbits, sodium molybdate (anhydrous form) elicited evident skin irritation for 24 h after application, albeit the skin lesions reversed within 72 . In an eye irritation test on rabbits, a 20% solution did not increase corneal irritation but caused evident conjunctival redness. Based on these findings, sodium molybdate is considered as a skin and eye irritant. The substance is reported not to elicit skin sensitisation (European Commission, 2000 and references herein). Sodium molybdate, Na2MoO4, is useful as a source of molybdenum. It is often found as the dihydrate, Na2MoO4·2H2O. The molybdate(VI) anion is tetrahedral. Two sodium cations coordinate with every one anion. Sodium Molybdate is a crystalline powder essential for the metabolism and development of plants and animals as a cofactor for enzymes. Sodium molybdate (anhydrous) is an inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion. It has a role as a poison. It contains a molybdate. General description Sodium molybdate dihydrate (SMD) is a molybdic acid disodium salt. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group, Pbca.[1] The toxic effect of SMD on the avian species, northern bobwhite quail has been investigated.[2] Its ability to inhibit corrosion of 6082 wrought aluminum alloy has been studied in NaCl solution of chlorosulfonic acid.[3] Application Sodium molybdate dihydrate has been used as one of the phosphatase inhibitor during the Western blot analysis.[4] It may be used to prepare: • Shuttle-like barium molybdate (BaMoO4) microstructures under microwave conditions.[5] • Nickel-molybdenum-zinc (NiMoZn) electrode.[6] • Eu3+ doped lead molybdate (PbMoO4) nanocrystals (NCs) under microwave conditions. Sodium molybdate was first synthesized by the method of hydration.[4] A more convenient synthesis is done by dissolving MoO3 in sodium hydroxide at 50–70 °C and crystallizing the filtered product.[3] The anhydrous salt is prepared by heating to 100 °C. Uses The agriculture industry uses 1 million pounds per year as a fertilizer. In particular, its use has been suggested for treatment of whiptail in broccoli and cauliflower in molybdenum-deficient soils.[5][6] However, care must be taken because at a level of 0.3 ppm sodium molybdate can cause copper deficiencies in animals, particularly cattle.[3] It is used in industry for corrosion inhibition, as it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor.[3] The addition of sodium molybdate significantly reduces the nitrite requirement of fluids inhibited with nitrite-amine, and improves the corrosion protection of carboxylate salt fluids.[7] In industrial water treatment applications where galvanic corrosion is a potential due to bimetallic construction, the application of sodium molybdate is preferred over sodium nitrite. Sodium molybdate has the advantage in that the dosing of lower ppm's of molybdate allow for lower conductivity of the circulating water. Sodium molybdate at levels of 50-100 ppm offer the same levels of corrosion inhibition that sodium nitrite at levels of 800+ ppm. By utilizing lower concentrations of sodium molybdate, conductivity is kept at a minimum and thus galvanic corrosion potentials are decreased. Sodium molybdate is incompatible with alkali metals, most common metals and oxidizing agents. It will explode on contact with molten magnesium. It will violently react with interhalogens (e.g., bromine pentafluoride; chlorine trifluoride). Its reaction with hot sodium, potassium or lithium is incandescent. Usage areas The agricultural industry uses up to £ 1 million a year of fertilizer. In particular, it has been suggested to be used for processing broccoli and cauliflower seeds in molybdenum deficient soils. However, caution should be exercised as sodium molybdate at a level of 0.3 ppm can cause copper deficiencies in animals, especially cattle. It is used in industry for corrosion prevention because it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor. The addition of sodium molybdate significantly reduces the nitrite requirement of nitrite-amine inhibited liquids and improves the corrosion protection of carboxylate salt fluids. In industrial water treatment applications where galvanic corrosion is potential due to the bimetal structure, sodium molybdate application is preferred over sodium nitrite. Sodium molybdate has the advantage that lower ppm molybdate dosing has lower conductivity of circulating water. Sodium molybdate at 50-100 ppm levels offers the same levels of corrosion inhibition as sodium nitrite at 800+ ppm levels. By using lower concentrations of sodium molybdate, conductivity is kept to a minimum, thus reducing galvanic corrosion potential Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is generally immediately available in most volumes. Hydrate or anhydrous forms may be purchased. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. WHAT IS SODIUM MOLYBDATE? There are two main forms of Sodium Molybdate. Sodium Molybdate, Dihydrate is a crystalline powder. It loses its water of crystallization at 100 degrees Celsius. It is known to be less toxic than the other corresponding compounds of group 6B elements in the periodic table. Sodium Molybdate, Dihydrate is used in the manufacturing of inorganic and organic pigments, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a bath additive for finishing metals finishing, as a reagent for alkaloids, and

Sodium molybdate is basic in nature.
Sodium molybdate's crystal belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system and space group Pbca.
Sodium Molybdate has the chemical formula Na2MoO4 and is used as a source of Molybdenum.

CAS Number: 7631-95-0
10102-40-6 (dihydrate)
EC Number: 231-551-7
Molecular Formula: Na2MoO4 / MoNa2O4

Sodium molybdate is an inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion.
Sodium Molybdate is a crystalline powder essential for the metabolism and development of plants and animals as a cofactor for enzymes.
Sodium molybdate, Na2MoO4, is useful as a source of molybdenum.

This white, crystalline salt, Sodium molybdate, is often found as the dihydrate, Na2MoO4·2H2O.
The molybdate(VI) anion is tetrahedral.
Two sodium cations coordinate with every one anion.

Sodium molybdate's chemical formula is Na2MoO4.
Sodium molybdate is a water soluble white diamond crystal chemical compound.
Dehydration may occur when the product is left on for longer than 100 ° C.

Sodium molybdate is the intermediate of tungsten.
Sodium molybdate is useful as a source of molybdenum.
Sodium molybdate is usually present in the form of dihydrate in the form of Na2MoO4 · 2H2O.

Sodium molybdate, also known as sodium ammonium molybdate, has been added to foods since the 1960s and we consider it being recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Although few foods contain this preservative, we can find Sodium molybdate in certain breakfast cereals, gravies, marinades, processed meat products, and prepared entrees.

Most of the time, Sodium molybdate preservative will have other ingredients mixed with it to provide stability against deterioration or spoilage.
Sodium molybdate is a product added to some processed foods, and it is not necessary to eat foods with it.
Sodium molybdate is a mineral that can be toxic if you take too much of it.

So, eating food containing sodium molybdate is something that you should weigh carefully before doing so.
Eating processed food should always be considered as an option on which to cut back, especially if it contains products such as sodium molybdate.
Although there are no adverse effects that have been reported from sodium molybdate up to now, we do not know what would happen when someone takes very large amounts of it over a long period of time.

It would therefore be best for anyone who eats foods containing sodium molybdate to minimize their intake by cutting down on processed food in general.
Sodium Molybdate is also known (synonyms) Sodium Molybdate dihydrate.
Sodium molybdate is a white crystalline salt.

For Sodium Molybdate synthesis, MoO3is dissolved in Sodium Hydroxide at 50 – 70 degrees Celcius temperature.
The filtered output is then crystallized.
For anhydrous salt, MoO3, NaOH, and H2O are brought to react at 100 degrees Celcius.

Sodium molybdate, Na2MoO4, is a very useful source of molybdenum and can be found in both anhydrous and dihydrate (Na2MoO4 2H2O) forms.
Sodium molybdate is a sodium salt of the molybdate ion (molybdenum in oxidation state VI).
Two sodium cations bind to each tetrahedral molybdate ion.

Sodium molybdate was first synthesized by the hydration method.
A more convenient synthesis is by dissolving MoO3 in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 50-70 °C and crystallizing the filtrate.
The anhydrous salt is prepared by heating to 100 °C.

Sodium Molybdate is a source of molybdenum.
Molybdenum's fundamental role in the human body is as a constituent of molybdoenzymes; some important molybdoenzymes are xanthine oxidase, sulphite oxidase and aldehyde oxidase.

These are involved in the metabolism of sulphur amino acids and purine.
By converting sulphite to sulphate, sulphite oxidase aids the metabolising of the sulphur amino acids methionine and cysteine, a process that is crucial to human health.

This also helps the body reduce the harmful effects of sulphites generally.
Molybdenum is also an essential component of flavin- and iron-containing enzymes.
Most diets will contain a plentiful supply of molybdenum, as it is common in nuts, vegetables and cereals, and is found in drinking water to varying levels.

Each capsule contains about 1mg of molybdenum.
This is a high dose, well in excess of recommended European daily intakes.
It is recommended not to exceed 1 capsule per day.

Higher intakes of supplemental molybdenum may be better divided into two or three doses through the day.
This is because molybdenum is not accumulated by the body (apart from some accretion in the teeth).
There is believed to be an antagonistic relationship between molybdenum and copper and sulphate.

With high intakes of molybdenum, care should be taken over copper and sulphate levels.
Sodium molybdate (Molybdate disodium) is a useful source of molybdate.
Sodium molybdate is often found as Sodium molybdate dihydrate.
With the use of nitrites, molybdate salts have been shown to reduce the emission of hydrogen sulfide from swine manure.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM MOLYBDATE:
Sodium molybdate has many uses including lab research, inhibitor, fertilizer, along with a wide range of other uses.
Sodium Molybdate is widely used in the water treatment industry as a corrosion inhibitor in water treatment products.
Sodium molybdate is also used in agriculture as a micronutrient for plants and used in the manufacturing process of pigments, lubricants and an additive for metal finishing.

Sodium Molybdate has the chemical formula Na2MoO4 and is used as a source of Molybdenum.
Sodium Molybdate is used for different purposes in the commercial and consumer sector.
In the retail industry, Sodium molybdate is used as agriculture chemicals, intermediates, pigments, flame retardants, lubricants, and lubricative additives, amongst other uses.

Sodium Molybdate is used in corrosion inhibitors, fertilizer additives, and pigment manufacturing in the consumer section.
Sodium molybdate is also widely used in lubricants and greases.
Sodium Molybdate is used in farming and other industries.

Sodium molybdate's high-water solubility makes it an important nutrient in farming as fertilizer.
Sodium Molybdate has multiple uses.
However, Sodium molybdate's quantity needs to be maintained for a particular use.

Sodium molybdate is used in various industry for corrosion inhibition as it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor.
Sodium molybdate is used as an analytical reagent for alkaloids, for the production of pigments and in medicine as an additive in gavage or liquid nutrition and for the production of other molybdenum compounds.

Large amounts of Sodium molybdate are used as fertilizer in agriculture.
The agriculture industry uses Sodium molybdate 1 million pounds per year as a fertilizer.
In particular, Sodium molybdate's use has been suggested for treatment of whiptail in broccoli and cauliflower in molybdenum-deficient soils.

Sodium molybdate is used in industry for corrosion inhibition, as it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor.
The addition of sodium molybdate significantly reduces the nitrite requirement of fluids inhibited with nitrite-amine, and improves the corrosion protection of carboxylate salt fluids.

In industrial water treatment applications where galvanic corrosion is a potential due to bimetallic construction, the application of sodium molybdate is preferred over sodium nitrite.
Sodium molybdate has the advantage in that the dosing of lower ppm's of molybdate allow for lower conductivity of the circulating water.

Sodium Molybdate has been used to Prevention of galvanic corrosion, It’s less toxic and less aggressive oxidant properties towards organic additives make it ideal for use in corrosion inhibiting formulations for central heating system and motor engine coolants, Treatment of whiptail in broccoli and cauliflower, Essential trace element in plants and enzymes which catalyze nitrogen fixation and nitrate reduction, Molybdate based pigments are used for stable color formation and corrosion inhibition with colors ranging from bright red-orange to red-yellow and are used in paints, inks, plastic, rubber and ceramics.

Sodium molybdate is used for the preparation of molybdenum salts and dyes, pigments, catalysts, corrosion inhibitors, etc.
Sodium molybdate is used as a metal corrosion inhibitor, descaling agent, bleach accelerators as well as skin and hair protective agent
Sodium molybdate is used reagents for the analysis, with in the determination of alkaloids, dyes and the pharmaceutical industry for the manufacture.

Sodium molybdate is used alkaloids, ink, fertilizers, molybdenum red pigment and light fastness pigment precipitation agent, catalyst, molybdenum salt, can also be used to make flame retardants and pollution-free type water system metal inhibitors.
Sodium molybdate is also used as a galvanizing, polishing agents and chemical reagents.

Sodium molybdate at levels of 50-100 ppm offer the same levels of corrosion inhibition as sodium nitrite at levels of 800+ ppm.
By utilizing lower concentrations of sodium molybdate, conductivity is kept at a minimum and thus galvanic corrosion potentials are decreased.
Molybdate inhibitor belongs to the anodic oxide film formed on the anode ferrous iron - high-speed rail - the sky molybdenum oxide passivation film corrosion inhibition.

Sodium molybdate is widely used in the field of agriculture and metal finishing.
Paint uses of Sodium molybdate: Sodium molybdate is used as an analytical reagent in the production of dyes, pigments (precipitant of serial pigments), as a buffering agent and also as an alkaloid as a catalyst.
Agriculture uses of Sodium molybdate: Sodium molybdate is widely used in the agricultural sector.

Especially, broccoli and cauliflower are used to meet the deficiency of molybdenum, which is necessary for its growth.
Metaluses of Sodium molybdate: Sodium molybdate is used as corrosion inhibitor in metal industry.
Other uses of Sodium molybdate: Flame retardants are used for the water treatment agent and inhibitor of the cooling system that does not contain metal pollution.

-Sodium Molybdate as a corrosion inhibitor:
Sodium Molybdate is an ideal environmentally responsible corrosion inhibitor for water and cooling systems.
Capable of working across a variety of temperatures and pH levels, sodium molybdate experiences no loss of chemical properties or effectiveness in a variety of hot or cold environments.
When used, Sodium molybdate is capable of inhibiting the corrosion of ferrous, copper and aluminium metals in the cooling water of both open and closed cooling systems.

-Sodium Molybdate in Agriculture:
Sodium molybdate offers a useful source of molybdenum which is an excellent soil micronutrient and essential for healthy plant growth making it a popular choice of fertiliser within the agricultural industry.
Suitable for foliar or fertigation applications, Sodium molybdate is used in small amounts to supply molybdenum to crops and livestock.
Sodium molybdate is also added to cattle feed when treating copper deficiencies.

-Agricultural Additive for Fertilizer:
Agriculture is one of the leading application areas of Sodium Molybdate over the importance of Molybdenum for plants. Molybdenum is one of the essential micronutrients that boost plant growth.
Plant enzymes use Molybdenum to convert nitrates into nitrites.

These nitrates are then converted into ammonia.
Plants use this ammonia to synthesize amino acids.
Molybdenum is in the highest oxidation state in Sodium Molybdate, which is why its high water solubility.

When used as a delivery vessel as fertilizer for the essential micronutrients in plants, Sodium molybdate easily mixes in water, soaks into the soil, and gets absorbed into the roots.
Sodium molybdate has dual benefits – The fertilizer gets evenly distributed across the field and gets easily absorbed in the plants.
Farmers use Sodium Molybdate containing fertilizers primarily on legumes, including lentils, alfalfa, peanuts, and beans.

-Hydroponic Farming & Agriculture:
Hydroponics is another prominent application area where Sodium Molybdate is often used.
Inert substances are used as the growing medium instead of soil.
The fertilizers containing micronutrients are mixed in water to deliver them directly to the plants' roots.
Sodium Molybdate is used in hydroponics as it easily dissolves in water.

-Corrosion Inhibitor:
Sodium molybdate is commonly used as a corrosion inhibitor in metals such as Iron and Steel.
Sodium molybdate is non-toxic and eco-friendly, fit to be used in soft-water cooling systems as a corrosion inhibitor with other oxidizing agents.
Sodium molybdateis known as an anodic inhibitor.
Inherently Sodium Molybdate does not have any oxidizing characteristics, which allow it to mix with other organic compounds and inhibit corrosion.
Therefore, in the closed-loop system, Sodium Molybdate is more valued than other corrosion inhibitors such as Sodium Nitrate.

-E11 Nutritional Supplement:
Molybdenum is counted among essential micronutrients.
In a diet, Molybdenum is taken in the form of complex vitamins.
People opt for Sodium Molybdate as a dietary supplement.

50 to 500 micrograms of Sodium Molybdate is taken as a dietary supplement.
Molybdenum is also included in the diet in its natural form.
Many food varieties contain Molybdenum, including legumes, whole grain bread, spinach, potato, and tuna.
Sodium Molybdate is found to be safe for consumption, and any case of toxicity due to its excessive intake is rare.

-USAGE IN THE FORMULATION OF PLANT NUTRITION PRODUCTS: Sodium Molybdate is used as molybdenum trace element source in the formulation of powder and liquid plant nutrition products.

-AGRICULTURE:
Sodium molybdate is used to meet the molybdenum deficiency that required for the growth of broccoli and cauliflower.
Sodium molybdate is used in agricultural areas and especially in liquid and powder leaf and drip fertilizers, because of containing high amount of molybdenum trace element.

-FEED ADDITIVE:
Sodium molybdate is used as a feed additive to meet the molybdenum mineral needs of animals.
Sodium molybdate is also added to cattle feeds in the treatment of copper deficiencies.

-METAL:
Sodium molybdate is used as a corrosion inhibitor in the metal industry.
Sodium molybdate is also used in metal polishing and galvanizing processes.

-INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS:
Sodium molybdate is used in the manufacture of rapid chromogen precipitators and as a catalyst in the paint industry.
Sodium molybdate is also used as a raw material in the production of fireproof products, as a water treatment agent and as an inhibitor of the cooling system that does not contain metal pollution.

WHY USE SODIUM MOLYBDATE:
Sodium molybdaterovides plants with a readily available supply of molybdenum
Sodium molybdate is particularly important for nitrogen fixation by leguminous plants
Minute quantities Sodium molybdate are required for optimum legume growth

Sodium Molybdate helps convert nitrate to amino acids and proteins.
Sodium molybdate can be soil or foliar applied.
Sodium Molybdate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Hydrate or anhydrous forms may be purchased.

WHY SODIUM MOLYBDATE:'S ADDED TO FOODS:
Sodium molybdate is a dietary mineral that can help prevent a rare type of anemia called molybdenum deficiency.
This condition can cause serious problems for people with chronic illnesses and those who have had their stomachs removed or are older than 70.
As a result, they sometimes added sodium molybdate to foods such as breakfast cereals.
Sodium molybdate helps replace nutrients like iron, which may lack because of gastrointestinal issues.
Coffee-It's often added to instant coffee mixes because molybdenum is a trace element found naturally in coffee beans. Creamers-If you prefer your cream mixed into your coffee instead of poured over it, you may find a trace amount of sodium molybdate in food listed on your package label.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND SODIUM MOLYBDATE IN YOUR DIET:
Sodium molybdate gets found naturally in a variety of foods, including milk and other dairy products, breads, cereals, fruits and vegetables.
Sodium molybdate's added by manufacturers to some snack foods, beverages and dietary supplements as well.
The most commonly consumed form of sodium molybdate is sodium ammonium molybdate.
Because Sodium molybdate has many names on ingredient labels, watch out for these synonyms: sulfamoyl bis (tri-n-propyl) phosphate; sodium sulfamoyl di- (2-propyl) phosphate; molybdic acid disodium salt hydrate; pyridinium hydroxybisulfite; Sipicolinate F; pyrocatechin hydrolysate.

SUMMARY AND ADVICE ON HOW MUCH SODIUM MOLYBDATE TO EAT PER DAY:
Sodium molybdate is an essential nutrient that's not present in many people's diets.
The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for sodium molybdate is 10 milligrams (mg) per day, but most adults consume at least 200 mg of sodium molybdate daily.

While high levels of sodium molybdate can be toxic, health experts do not recommend reducing your consumption to less than 10 mg a day.
There is little evidence that consuming a lot over 10 mg of sodium molybdate leads to any negative health effects, and many medical professionals believe there are other nutritional deficiencies associated with low levels of sodium molybdate consumption.

SAFETY OF SODIUM MOLYBDATE:
Sodium molybdate is incompatible with alkali metals, most common metals and oxidizing agents.
Sodium molybdate will explode on contact with molten magnesium.
Sodium molybdate will violently react with interhalogens (e.g., bromine pentafluoride; chlorine trifluoride).
Sodium molybdate's reaction with hot sodium, potassium or lithium is incandescent.

REACTIONS OF SODIUM MOLYBDATE:
When reacted with sodium borohydride, molybdenum is reduced to lower valent molybdenum(IV) oxide:
Na2MoO4 + NaBH4 + 2H2O → NaBO2 + MoO2 + 2NaOH + 3H2
Sodium molybdate reacts with the acids of dithiophosphates:
Na2MoO4 + (R = Me, Et) (RO)2PS2H → [MoO2(S2P(OR)2)2]
which further reacts to form [MoO3(S2P(OR)2)4].

HISTORY OF SODIUM MOLYBDATE:
Sodium molybdate was first synthesized by the method of hydration.
A more convenient synthesis is done by dissolving MoO3 in sodium hydroxide at 50–70 °C and crystallizing the filtered product.
The anhydrous salt is prepared by heating to 100 °C.
MoO3 + 2NaOH + H2O → Na2MoO4·2H2O

PRODUCTION AND REACTIONS OF SODIUM MOLYBDATE:
Sodium molybdate can be obtained by melting in sodium hydroxide at a temperature of 50-70 [deg.] C. with hydration method and by crystallization of MoO3 as a filter product.
MoO3 + 2NaOH + H2O? Na2MoO4 · 2H2O
When sodium is reacted with borohydride, Sodium molybdate can be reduced as a lower molybdenum oxide.
Na2MoO4 + NaBH4 + 2H2O? NaBO2 + Moo2 + 2NaOH + 3 H2

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM MOLYBDATE:
Molecular Weight: 205.93 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 207.864601 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 207.864601 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 80.3Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 62.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical formula: Na2MoO4
Molar mass: 205.92 g/mol (anhydrous)
241.95 g/mol (dihydrate)

Appearance: White powder
Density: 3.78 g/cm3, solid
Melting point: 687 °C (1,269 °F; 960 K)
Solubility in water: 84 g/100 ml (100 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.714
Appearence :White Crystal Powder
CAS No :10102-40-6
Molecular Formula :Na₂MoO₄.2H₂O
Chemical Name :Di Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate
Purity :% 99
Density :3,78 g/cm³
Molybdenum (Mo) Content :% 39
Sodium (Na) Content:% 19
Melting point : 687 °C
Water solubility : 84 g/100 ml (100 °C), 56 g/100 ml (0 °C),
Storege Condition : It should be stored in closed packaging in a cool, ventilated and moisture-free environment.
Solubility : Soluble in water.
Insoluble in acetone.
Physical state: solid
Color: white
Odor: odorless

Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 100 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: Not applicable
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: 130 °C - Elimination of water of crystallization
pH: 9 - 10 at 840 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: Not applicable
Water solubility: 840 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not applicable
Vapor pressure: Not applicable
Density: 2,71 g/cm3 at 22 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

CAS number: 7631-95-0, 10102-40-6 (dihydrate)
PubChem: 61424
EC Number: 231-551-7
RTECS number: QA5075000
Molecular formula: Na2MoO4
Molar mass: 205.92 g / mol (anhydrous) 241.95 g / mol (dihydrate)
Appearance: White powder
Density: 3.78 g / cm3, solid
Melting point: 687 ° C, 960 K, 1269 ° F
Solubility in water: 84 g / 100 ml (100 ° C)
Refractive Index (nD): 1.714
Compound Formula: MoNa2O4
Molecular Weight: 205.92
Appearance: White powder
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 3.78 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 207.864606
Monoisotopic Mass: 207.864606
Linear Formula: Na2MoO4
MDL Number: MFCD00003486
EC No.: 231-551-7
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 61424
IUPAC Name: disodium dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum
SMILES: [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/Mo.2Na.4O/q;2*+1;;;2*-1
InchI Key: TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM MOLYBDATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM MOLYBDATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM MOLYBDATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the
surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM MOLYBDATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM MOLYBDATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM MOLYBDATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
no information available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

SYNONYMS:
Sodium molybdate
7631-95-0
Disodium molybdate
Sodium molybdate(VI)
Molybdate disodium
sodium molybdenum oxide
Natriummolybdat
Molybdic acid, disodium salt
sodium molybdate (anhydrous)
disodium;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum
Anhydric sodium molybdate
13466-16-5
948QAQ08I1
MFCD00003486
Sodium molybdenum oxide, anhydrous, Mo 46.2%
Natriummolybdat [German]
Sodium molybdate (VAN)
Sodium dimolybdate
CCRIS 5442
Na2MoO4
EINECS 231-551-7
NSC 77389
Sodium Molybdate, anhydrous
Molybdic acid (H2MoO4), disodium salt
Molybdic acid (H2MoO4) , disodium salt
UNII-948QAQ08I1
Molybdate (MoO42-), disodium, (T-4)-
Dipotassium molybdate
Molybdenum (as sodium)
disodium tetraoxomolybdate
sodium molybdate (anh.)
Molybdate (MoO42-), disodium, (beta-4)-
EC 231-551-7
Sodium molybdate, >=98%
sodium dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum
SODIUM MOLYBDATE [INCI]
SODIUM MOLYBDATE [VANDF]
CHEBI:75215
SODIUM MOLYBDATE [MART.]
SODIUM MOLYBDATE [WHO-DD]
TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SODIUM MOLYBDATE(VI) [MI]
Sodium molybdate, LR, >=99.5%
NSC-77389
AKOS015912969
DB14496
MOLYBDENUM (AS SODIUM) [VANDF]
FT-0701280
Molybdate (MoO42-), sodium (1:2), (T-4)-
Q414518
Sodium molybdate, anhydrous, powder, -100 mesh particle size, 99.9% trace metals basis
Molybdic acid sodium salt dihydrate

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a plant micronutrient.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a white, odorless, free flowing crystalline solid.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate encourages the creation of a protective oxide film on metal surfaces.

CAS Number: 10102-40-6
EC Number: 231-551-7
MDL number: MFCD00149170
Linear Formula: Na2MoO4 · 2H2O
Molecular Formula: H4MoNa2O6

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a white crystalline solid that is used in agriculture as a fertilizer and in water treatment as well as in industry as a corrosion inhibitor.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a plant micronutrient.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a white crystalline powder.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a white scaly crystal with slight luster, density is 3.2g/cm, soluble in water, can lose water of crystallization at 100°
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a metal salt that has been shown to have genotoxic effects.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate reacts with an organic acid to form an inorganic acid and releases hydrogen ions.
This reaction results in the release of toxic hydroxyl radicals, which are reactive molecules that can cause damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate also has structural features that are similar to those found in fatty acids, making it possible for this compound to act as a dna template during replication.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a hydrate, an inorganic sodium salt and a molybdate.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate contains a sodium molybdate (anhydrous).
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is source of molybdate, ability to stabilize and inhibit the activity of various receptors

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a useful source of molybdate, a Molybdenum (sc-235881) compound.
The compound has displayed the ability to stabilize both the androgen and progesterone receptor.
When applied to non-activated estrogen receptors the Sodium Molybdate reversibly inhibited receptor activation.

With the use of nitrites, molybdate salts have been shown to reduce the emission of hydrogen sulphide from swine manure.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate, also known as Molybdic Acid Disodium Salt, or simply SMX, is a very fine, white, free flowing technical grade granule represented by the formula: Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a white crystals or powder.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a hydrate that is the dihydrate form of sodium molybdate.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is generally immediately available in most volumes.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a kind of white or slightly lustrous squamous crystal with the density of 3.2g/cm3.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is soluble in water, it will lose the water of crystallization at 100°C.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used in the manufacture of alkaloids and other substances.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is also used in dyes, molybdenum red pigments, catalysts, molybdenum salts and light-resistant Lake precipitants.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is the raw material of flame retardant, the metal corrosion inhibitor of pollution-free cooling water system, and the necessary trace component of animals and plants.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used Dyestuff Intermediates, Syntheses Materials Intermediates.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used as a reagent for the manufacture of alkaloids and other substances, as well as dyes, molybdenum red pigments, catalysts, molybdenum salts, and sun-resistant lake precipitants.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a raw material for the manufacture of flame retardants and a metal corrosion inhibitor for pollution-free cooling water systems, as well as trace components necessary for animals and plants.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used as a corrosion inhibitor for open and closed cooling water systems, engine coolants, metalworking fluids, metal finishing, and oil drilling mud's.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is widely applied to dyes, pigments, catalysts, corrosion-inhibiting agent, molybdenum salt, fertilizers etc.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is useful as a source of molybdenum.
Sodium molybdate is often found as the dihydrate, Na2MoO4·2H2O.

The agriculture industry uses Sodium molybdate dihydrate 1 million pounds per year as a fertilizer.
In particular, Sodium molybdate dihydrate's use has been suggested for treatment of whiptail in broccoli and cauliflower in molybdenum-deficient soils.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used in industry for corrosion inhibition, as it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor.

The addition of Sodium molybdate dihydrate significantly reduces the nitrite requirement of fluids inhibited with nitrite-amine, and improves the corrosion protection of carboxylate salt fluids.
In industrial water treatment applications where galvanic corrosion is a potential due to bimetallic construction, the application of Sodium molybdate dihydrate is preferred over sodium nitrite.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate has the advantage in that the dosing of lower ppm's of molybdate allow for lower conductivity of the circulating water.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate at levels of 50-100 ppm offer the same levels of corrosion inhibition that sodium nitrite at levels of 800+ offer.
Release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

By utilizing lower concentrations of Sodium molybdate dihydrate, conductivity is kept at a minimum and thus galvanic corrosion potentials are decreased.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used manufacture of inorganic and organic pigments, corrosion inhibitor, bath additive for metals finishing, reagent for alkaloids, micronutrient for plants and animals.

Sodium Molybdate Hydrate is used in the fertilization process of crops as well as the protection from corrosion due to potential construction in a nearby area.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metal surfaces, as it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor.

Other release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is likely to occur from: outdoor use as reactive substance, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters), outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids) and indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used for cooling water systems, engine coolants, metalworking fluids, metal finishing and oil drilling muds.

Other release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used as a fertilizer.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a white crystalline solid that is used in agriculture as a fertilizer and in water treatment as well as in industry as a corrosion inhibitor.

As a Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used as the quality standard against which other substances are grade and has met the toughest regulatory standards for quality and pureness.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used to manufacture alkaloids, inks, fertilizers, molybdenum red pigments and lightfast pigments as precipitants, catalysts, and molybdenum salts.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate can also be used to manufacture flame retardants and metal inhibitors for pollution-free cold water systems.
Other release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is also used as plating Zinc, polishing agent and chemical reagents.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used as a corrosion inhibitor for open and closed cooling water systems, engine coolants, metalworking fluids, metal finishing, and oil drilling mud’s.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is also used as a micronutrient in agriculture.
Other release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is likely to occur from: outdoor use.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, metal working fluids, water treatment chemicals, anti-freeze products and heat transfer fluids.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic pigments, corrosion inhibitor, bath additive for metals finishing, reagent for alkaloids, micronutrient for plants and animals.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate has been used as one of the phosphatase inhibitor during the Western blot analysis.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate may be used to Prepare the modified Luria broth for growing Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 cells.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used prepare shuttle-like barium molybdate (BaMoO4) microstructures under microwave conditions.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used synthesize nickel-molybdenum-zinc (NiMoZn) electrode.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO4.2H2O) is basic in nature.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate's crystals belong to the orthorhombic crystal system and space group Pbca.

Release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and formulation of mixtures.

Release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate helps convert nitrate to amino acids and proteins.

-Sodium molybdate dihydrate may be used to prepare:
*Shuttle-like barium molybdate (BaMoO4) microstructures under microwave conditions.
*Nickel-molybdenum-zinc (NiMoZn) electrode.
*Eu3+ doped lead molybdate (PbMoO4) nanocrystals (NCs) under microwave conditions.

PURIFICATION METHODS OF SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
Crystallise Sodium molybdate dihydrate from hot water (1mL/g) by cooling it to 0o.

PROPERTIES OF SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is white crystalline powder.
Lose Sodium molybdate dihydrate's 2 molecules of crystal water at 100°C.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is soluble in 1.7 parts of cold water and about 0.9 parts of boiling water.
The pH of 5% aqueous solution is 9.0 to 10.0 at 25°C.
The relative density of Sodium molybdate dihydrate (d184) is 3.28.
The melting point of Sodium molybdate dihydrate is 687°C.

METHODS OF MANUFACTURING OF SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
Liquid alkali extraction method molybdenum concentrate is oxidized and roasted to produce molybdenum trioxide, and then leached with liquid alkali to obtain sodium molybdate solution.
The leaching solution is filtered by suction, evaporated and concentrated.
The concentrated solution is crystallized by cooling and centrifuged at 70～80℃
Dry at temperature to obtain finished sodium molybdate. Its 2Mos2+7O2→2MoO3+4SO2↑MoO3+2NaOH+H2O→Na2MoO4?2H2O

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
Molecular Weight: 241.96 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 243.885730 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 243.885730 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 82.3Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 62.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 5
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS Number: 10102-40-6
Molecular Weight: 241.95
EC Number: 231-551-7
MDL number: MFCD00149170

Physical state: solid
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 100 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: Not applicable
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: 130 °C - Elimination of water of crystallization
pH 9 - 10 at 840 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: Not applicable
Water solubility: 840 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: Not applicable
Vapor pressure: Not applicable
Density: 2,71 g/cm3 at 22 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

CAS Number: 10102-40-6
Weight Average: 248.0
Monoisotopic: 249.932682
Chemical Formula: H10MoNa2O6
InChI Key: VXPCUCBABLNLFW-UHFFFAOYSA-L
InChI: InChI=1S/Mo.2Na.6H2O/h;;;6*1H2/q;2*+1;;;;;;/p-2
IUPAC Name: disodium tetrahydrate molybdenum dihydroxide
SMILES: O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Mo]
logP: 0
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 0
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 0 Å2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Refractivity: 0 m3·mol-1
Polarizability: 1.78 Å3
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No

Melting Point: 100°C
Color: White
pH: 7 to 10 (at 20°C)
Physical Form: Liquid
Quantity: 25 g
Linear Formula: Na2MoO4 · 2H2O
UN Number: NONH for all modes of transport
Formula Weight: 241.95g/mol
Percent Purity: 99.99% (trace metals basis)
Odor: Odorless
Density: 2.37g/mL at 25°C
Chemical Name or Material: Sodium molybdate dihydrate
CBNumber: CB1684407
Molecular Formula: H2MoNaO5-
Molecular Weight: 200.95
MDL Number: MFCD00149170
MOL File: 10102-40-6.mol

Melting point: 100 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Density: 2.37 g/mL at 25 °C
storage temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility: 840g/l
form: Solid
Specific Gravity: 3.28
color: White
PH: 9-10 (840g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: 56 g/100 mL (O ºC)
Merck: 14,8645
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.5 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 1000 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
CAS DataBase Reference: 10102-40-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 8F2SXI1704
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium molybdate(VI) dihydrate (10102-40-6)

Compound Formula: H4Na2MoO6
Molecular Weight: 241.95
Appearance: White powder or crystals
Melting Point: 100 °C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 2.37 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 243.885735
Monoisotopic Mass: 243.885735
Molecular Weight： 241.95
Exact Mass： 243.885742
EC Number： 231-551-7
HScode： 28417000
PSA： 82.3
XLogP3：-0.60380
Appearance： White Solid
Density： 2.37 g/mL at 25 °C
Melting Point： 100 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Water Solubility： H2O: 56 g/100 mL (O ºC)

Storage Conditions： Store at RT.
CAS Number: 10102-40-6
Alternate CAS #Free Base: 14259-85-9
Molecular Formula: H₄MoNa₂O₆
Appearance: White to Off-White Solid
Melting Point: >300°C(dec.)
Molecular Weight: 241.97
Storage: 20°C
Solubility: Water (Slightly)
CAS number: 10102-40-6
EC number: 231-551-7
Hill Formula: Na₂MoO₄ * 2 H₂O
Chemical formula: Na₂MoO₄ * 2 H₂O
Molar Mass: 241.95 g/mol
HS Code: 2841 70 00
Density: 2.71 g/cm3 (22 °C) (for the dihydrate)
Melting Point: 687 °C Elimination of water of crystallisation
pH value: 9 - 10 (840 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)

Bulk density: 1000 - 1400 kg/m3
Solubility: 840 g/l
Direct Evaporative Cooling
pt. 100 c, subsequent anhyd. form melts 686 c
Water Loss <= 15% (105C)
Mercury, as Hg <= 0.0005% wt.
Chlorid = 0.01% wt.
Heavy Metals, as Pb: <= 0.001% wt.
pH of a 5% solution: 7.5 - 10.0
Na2MoO4: >= 84.5% wt.
Insoluble Matter: <= 0.01
Molybdenum: >= 39.6% wt.
Melting Point: 687C
Sulfate <= 0.05% wt.
Na2MoO4 x H2O >= 99.5% wt.
Molecular weight: 241.95
Solubility: water

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the
surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510):
Non Combustible Solids

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
no information available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

SYNONYMS:
Sodium molybdate dihydrate
10102-40-6
Sodium molybdate(VI) dihydrate
Disodium molybdate dihydrate
Molybdic acid, disodium salt, dihydrate
MFCD00149170
8F2SXI1704
Na2MoO4.2H2O
Molybdic acid sodium salt dihydrate
sodium orthomolybdate dihydrate
UNII-8F2SXI1704
Sodium molybdenum oxide dihydrate
Molybdate (MoO42-), disodium, dihydrate, (T-4)-
DTXSID7051505
CHEBI:75213
FDEIWTXVNPKYDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SODIUM MOLYBDATE(VI)DIHYDRATE
Sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) dihydrate
disodium dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum dihydrate
disodium;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum;dihydrate
SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE [USP-RS]
SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE [WHO-DD]
SODIUM MOLYBDATE(VI) DIHYDRATE [MI]
FT-0655712
sodium dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum--water (1/2)
SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
A800316
Q27145167
4-{[(2E)-2-(HYDROXYIMINO)ETHANOYL]AMINO}BENZOICACID
disodium bis(oxidanidyl)-bis(oxidanylidene)molybdenum dihydrate
Molybdate (MoO42-), sodium, hydrate (1:2:2), (T-4)- (9CI)
Molybdic acid sodium salt dihydrate, Sodium molybdate dihydrate
Disodium molybdate dihydrate
Molybdic acid, disodium salt, dihydrate
Sodium molybdate(VI) dihydrate
sodium molybdate dihydrate
sodium molybdate vi dihydrate
disodium molybdate dihydrate
unii-8f2sxi1704
na2moo4.2h2o
disodium dihydrate molybdate
molybdic acid sodium salt dihydrate
molybdic acid, disodium salt, dihydrate,
sodium molybdate 2 hydrate
dipotassium dihydrate molybdate
MOLYBDIC ACID SODIUM DIHYDRATE
SODIUM MOLYBDENUM OXIDE DIHYDRATE
Sodium moL;SODIUM MOLYBRAT
ybdate dihydrate
Sodium Molybdate AR
Sodium molybdate dih
SODIUM MOLYBDATE pure
SODIUM MOLYBDATE 2H2O
SODIUM MOLYBDATE 2HYD
Molybdate (MoO42-),sodium,hydrate (1:2:2),(T-4)-
Molybdic acid (H2MoO4),disodium salt,dihydrate
Sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4.2H2O
Sodium molybdate dihydrate
Disodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) dihydrate
Sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) dihydrate
Disodium molybdate dihydrate
Molyhibit 100
Disodium molybdenum oxide dihydrate (Na2MoO4&bull2H2O)
2319654-29-8
2361063-41-2
2616688-34-5
Molybdic Acid (H2MoO4) Disodium Salt Dihydrate
Disodium Molybdate (Na2MoO4) Dihydrate
Disodium Molybdate Dihydrate
Molyhibit 100
Sodium Molybdate (Na2MoO4) Dihydrate
Sodium Molybdate (Na2MoO4.2H2O)
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate
Molybdic acid, sodium salt dihydrate
Molybdic acid sodium salt dihydrate
Molybdic acid disodium salt dihydrate
di-Sodium molybdate dihydrate
Sodium molybdate dihydrate
Sodium molybdenum oxide dihydrate
DISODIUM MOLYBDATE(+6)DIHYDRATE
DISODIUM MOLYBDATE(VI) DIHYDRATE
MOLYBDIC ACID, DISODIUM SALT, DIHYDRATE
MOLYBDIC ACID SODIUM SALT DIHYDRATE
MOLYBDIC ACID SODIUM SALT: DIHYDRATE
SODIUM MOLYBDATE
SODIUM MOLYBDATE 2H2O
SODIUM MOLYBDATE-2-HYDRATE
SODIUM MOLYBDATE(+6)DIHYDRATE
SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE
SODIUM MOLYBDATE(VI) DIHYDRATE
SODIUM MOLYBDENUM OXIDE DIHYDRATE
SODIUM MOLYBDIC, DIHYDRATE
disodiummolybdatedihydrate
SODIUM MOLYBRATE
SODIUM MOLYBDATE-2-HYDRATE EXTRA PURE, D AB
SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE, 99+%, A.C.S. REAGENT
MOLYBDIC ACID SODIUM DIHYDRATE
SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE, 99+%
MOLYBDIC ACID SODIUM DIHYDRATE PLANT*CEL L CUTURE TE
Disodium molybdate dihydrate
Molybdic acid disodium salt dihydrate
SMC
Sodium molybdate crystalline
Sodium molybdate (VI) dihydrate
SODIUM MOLYBDATE extrapure AR
SODIUM MOLYBDATE pure
Sodium molybdate dihydrate, min. 39,5 Mo
Sodium molybdenum oxide, Puratronic, 99.998% (metals basis)
SODIUM MOLYBRATE
SODIUM MOLYBDATE-2-HYDRATE EXTRA PURE, D AB
SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE, 99+%, A.C.S. REAGENT
MOLYBDIC ACID SODIUM DIHYDRATE

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a chemical compound consisting of sodium ions (Na+), molybdate ions (MoO42-), and water molecules.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is commonly found in the form of white crystalline powder or granules.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is also known by various other names such as disodium molybdate dihydrate or sodium molybdate(VI) dihydrate.

CAS Number: 10102-40-6
Molecular Formula: H2MoNaO5-
Molecular Weight: 200.95
EINECS Number: 600-158-6

Sodium molybdate dihydrate, 10102-40-6, Sodium molybdate(VI) dihydrate, Disodium molybdate dihydrate, Molybdic acid, disodium salt, dihydrate, Molybdic acid sodium salt dihydrate, MFCD00149170, 8F2SXI1704, Na2MoO4.2H2O, sodium orthomolybdate dihydrate, UNII-8F2SXI1704, Sodium molybdenum oxide dihydrate, Sodium molybdate 2 hydrate, Molybdate (MoO42-), disodium, dihydrate, (T-4)-, DTXSID7051505, CHEBI:75213, FDEIWTXVNPKYDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N, SODIUM MOLYBDATE(VI)DIHYDRATE, Sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) dihydrate, disodium dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum dihydrate, disodium;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum;dihydrate, SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE [USP-RS], SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE [WHO-DD], SODIUM MOLYBDATE(VI) DIHYDRATE [MI], FT-0655712, NS00128447, sodium dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum--water (1/2), SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE [EP MONOGRAPH], A800316, Q27145167, 4-{[(2E)-2-(HYDROXYIMINO)ETHANOYL]AMINO}BENZOICACID, disodium bis(oxidanidyl)-bis(oxidanylidene)molybdenum dihydrate, inverted exclamation markY99.5%, suitable for plant cell culture, Molybdate (MoO42-), sodium, hydrate (1:2:2), (T-4)- (9CI)

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a hydrate that is the dihydrate form of sodium molybdate.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate has a role as a poison.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a hydrate, an inorganic sodium salt and a molybdate.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is basic in nature.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is crystals belong to the orthorhombic crystal system and space group Pbca.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate, is useful as a source of molybdenum.

This white, crystalline salt is often encountered as the dihydrate, Na2MoO4·2H2O.
Dissolution of MoO3 in sodium hydroxide at 50–70 °C followed by crystallizing the filtered product.
If crystallized below 10 °C, the decahydrate forms.

Above 10 °C, the dihydate crystallizes.
The anhydrous salt is obtained by heating this product at 100 °C.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate with the molecular formula Na 2 MoO 4 is a chemical compound from the group of molybdates, which also often occurs as dihydrate and decahydrate.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is the sodium salt of molybdic acid .
Sodium molybdate dihydrate was first synthesized by hydration.
A better known synthesis is the dissolution of molybdenum trioxide in caustic soda at 50–70 °C.

The anhydrous salt is produced by heating to more than 130 °C.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a white odorless solid and forms hydrated, shiny, water-soluble crystals.
The decomposition temperature is 130 °C.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate reduces the central molybdenum atom to a lower oxidation state.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate, is useful as a source of molybdenum.
This white, crystalline salt is often encountered as the dihydrate, Na2MoO4·2H2O.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate, also known as Molybdic Acid Disodium Salt, or simply SMX, is a very fine, white, free flowing technical grade granule represented by the formula: Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used as a corrosion inhibitor for open and closed cooling water systems, engine coolants, metalworking fluids, metal finishing, and oil drilling mud’s.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is also used as a micronutrient in agriculture.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is generally immediately available in most volumes. Hydrate or anhydrous forms may be purchased. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.
Typical and custom packaging is available.

Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a hydrate that is the dihydrate form of sodium molybdate.It is a hydrate, an inorganic sodium salt and a molybdate.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a kind of white or slightly lustrous squamous crystal with the density of 3.2g/cm3. Soluble in water, it will lose the water of crystallization at 100°C.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a metal salt that has been shown to have genotoxic effects. It reacts with an organic acid to form an inorganic acid and releases hydrogen ions.
This reaction results in the release of toxic hydroxyl radicals, which are reactive molecules that can cause damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate also has structural features that are similar to those found in fatty acids, making it possible for this compound to act as a dna template during replication.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is basic in nature.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is crystals belong to the orthorhombic crystal system and space group Pbca.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used as an inhibitor in cooling water treatment processes to prevent corrosion of metal surfaces, particularly in industrial cooling systems.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is employed as a catalyst in various chemical reactions, including in the synthesis of organic compounds and in the production of certain chemicals.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is utilized in metal finishing processes such as electroplating and anodizing to provide a protective coating on metal surfaces and improve their corrosion resistance.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is sometimes used as a micronutrient fertilizer in agriculture, particularly as a source of molybdenum, which is essential for the growth and development of plants.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate serves as a reagent in analytical chemistry methods for the detection and determination of various substances.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used in biological research laboratories as a component in certain culture media and biochemical assays.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate may be employed in photography processes, although its use in this industry has diminished over time with the advent of digital photography.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor, used in metal finishing, as a brightening agent for zinc plating, as a corrosion inhibitor, an additive as trace element for fertilizers, in animal feed supplements, in production of molybdate inorganic and in organic toners and pigments.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate has many uses including lab research, corrosion inhibitor, along with a wide range of other uses.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is glossy colorless orthorhombic system plated-shaped crystal and it can soluble in water, but insoluble in acetone.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is chemical properties are as follows: Under normal temperature and pressure is stable, but to avoid light, open flame and high temperature, and heated to 100 ℃ will loss crystal water to become anhydrous.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is utilized in water treatment applications as a corrosion inhibitor and scale inhibitor in boiler water systems to protect equipment from damage caused by corrosion and scaling.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is added to metalworking fluids such as cutting fluids and lubricants to improve their performance and extend the lifespan of machinery by reducing corrosion and wear on metal surfaces.
In the textile industry, Sodium molybdate dihydrate is sometimes used as a dyeing auxiliary to improve the color fastness and dye uptake of fabrics.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate finds applications in the ceramics industry as a glaze additive to enhance the properties of ceramic materials and improve their surface finish.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is employed in electroplating baths as an additive to improve the quality of plated metal coatings and enhance their corrosion resistance.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate serves as a precursor or catalyst in the synthesis of various chemicals, including molybdenum compounds and organic intermediates.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate may be used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products or inhibit microbial growth in certain formulations.

Melting point: 100 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Density: 2.37 g/mL at 25 °C
storage temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility: 840g/l
form: Solid
Specific Gravity: 3.28
color: White
PH: 9-10 (840g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: 56 g/100 mL (O ºC)
Merck: 14,8645
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.5 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 1000 mg/m3
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
CAS DataBase Reference 10102-40-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used in wastewater treatment plants to remove heavy metals through precipitation reactions, aiding in the removal of pollutants from wastewater streams.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is employed in enhanced oil recovery processes to increase the efficiency of oil extraction from reservoirs by altering the properties of the oil-water interface and reducing interfacial tension.
In some formulations, sodium molybdate dihydrate may serve as a component in fire retardants, contributing to the fire resistance of materials and products.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is occasionally used as an additive in concrete mixtures to improve the strength and durability of concrete structures, particularly in high-performance applications.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate can be utilized in the manufacturing of solar cells and photovoltaic devices to improve their efficiency and performance.
In wood preservation treatments, it may be used as a component to protect wood from decay, fungi, and insect damage, extending the lifespan of wooden structures and products.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is sometimes incorporated into anti-freeze formulations to enhance their performance and protect automotive cooling systems from corrosion and scale buildup.
In aqueous solution, Sodium molybdate dihydrate features dissociated sodium ions and tetrahedral molybdate (MoO42-), which adopts a sulfate-like structure.
The Sodium molybdate dihydrate material has a complex structure typical for alkali metal salts of oxyanions.

The MoO42- subunits are tetrahedral with Mo-O distances near 178 pm.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is harmful to water, so do not discharge undiluted product to reach ground water, water course or sewage system and without government permission do not allow material discharged into the surrounding environment.
Besides, Sodium molybdate dihydrate should be stored in ventilated, dry place and pay attention to moisture. During operation, due to powder easily to absorb moisture, so before using should sieving.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate refers to hydrated forms of molybdenum trioxide.
There is no information related to the biological and pharmacological application of molybdic acid.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is known, that this substance is used as heterogeneous catalysts.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is employed in the oil and gas industry as a corrosion inhibitor and scale inhibitor in drilling fluids and completion fluids to protect equipment and pipelines from corrosion and scaling.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used in desalination plants as an additive to inhibit scale formation and improve the efficiency of desalination processes by reducing fouling of membranes and equipment.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is sometimes used in glass manufacturing processes as a fining agent to remove impurities and improve the clarity and quality of glass products.

In pharmaceutical formulations, Sodium molybdate dihydrate may be used as a stabilizer or buffering agent in certain medications to improve their shelf life and stability.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate can be utilized as an additive in battery electrolytes to improve their conductivity and enhance the performance of batteries.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate may find applications in the food industry as a nutrient supplement or food additive, particularly in fortified food products.

Uses:
Prepare the modified Luria broth for growing Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 cells.
Prepare shuttle-like barium molybdate (BaMoO4) microstructures under microwave conditions.
Synthesize nickel-molybdenum-zinc (NiMoZn) electrode.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate has been used as one of the phosphatase inhibitor during the Western blot analysis.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate may be used to prepare:
Sodium molybdate dihydrate microstructures under microwave conditions.

Nickel-molybdenum-zinc (NiMoZn) electrode.
Eu3+ doped lead molybdate (PbMoO4) nanocrystals (NCs) under microwave conditions.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate can be used to manufacture inorganic and organic pigments, corrosion inhibitor, bath additive for metals finishing, reagent for alkaloids, micronutrient for plants and animals.

The agriculture industry uses 1 million pounds per year as a fertilizer.
In particular, its use has been suggested for treatment of whiptail in broccoli and cauliflower in molybdenum-deficient soils.
However, care must be taken because at a level of 0.3 ppm Sodium molybdate dihydrate can cause copper deficiencies in animals, particularly cattle.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used in industry for corrosion inhibition, as it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor.
The addition of sodium molybdate significantly reduces the nitrite requirement of fluids inhibited with nitrite-amine, and improves the corrosion protection of carboxylate salt fluids.
In industrial water treatment applications where galvanic corrosion is a potential due to bimetallic construction, the application of Sodium molybdate dihydrate is preferred over sodium nitrite.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate has the advantage in that the dosing of lower ppm's of molybdate allow for lower conductivity of the circulating water.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate at levels of 50-100 ppm offer the same levels of corrosion inhibition as sodium nitrite at levels of 800+ ppm.
By utilizing lower concentrations of Sodium molybdate dihydrate, conductivity is kept at a minimum and thus galvanic corrosion potentials are decreased.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is employed in water treatment plants to remove heavy metals like lead and copper by forming insoluble precipitates, aiding in the purification of drinking water.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is utilized as a catalyst in petroleum refining processes, such as hydrodesulfurization and hydrocracking, to improve the efficiency of converting crude oil into valuable products like gasoline and diesel.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate may be used in the paper industry as a paper additive to improve paper strength and enhance retention and drainage properties during the papermaking process.

In the construction industry, Sodium molybdate dihydrate finds applications in concrete admixtures to enhance the durability and strength of concrete structures, particularly in harsh environments.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is employed in electroplating baths as an additive to enhance the quality of metal coatings, providing improved adhesion, brightness, and corrosion resistance to plated surfaces.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate may be used as a food additive in certain food products, where it acts as a nutrient supplement providing essential trace elements like molybdenum.

In cosmetics and personal care products, it may be used as an ingredient in skincare formulations for its potential antioxidant properties and skin-conditioning effects.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is sometimes added to animal feed as a dietary supplement to provide essential trace minerals like molybdenum, which are important for animal health and growth.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate can be utilized in enhanced oil recovery techniques to improve oil production rates and extend the lifespan of oil wells.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate may find applications in fireproofing materials to improve their fire resistance and protect structures from fire damage.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used as an analytical reagent for alkaloids, for the production of pigments and in medicine as an additive in tube or drinking food as well as for the production of other molybdenum compounds.
In agriculture, large quantities are used as fertilizer.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is commonly used as a corrosion inhibitor in industrial water treatment processes, particularly in cooling water systems, to prevent corrosion of metal surfaces.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate serves as a catalyst in chemical reactions, including oxidation and hydrodesulfurization reactions in the petroleum industry and organic synthesis processes.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is utilized in metal finishing applications, such as electroplating and anodizing, to provide a protective coating on metal surfaces and enhance their corrosion resistance.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used as a source of molybdenum in fertilizers to correct molybdenum deficiencies in soils and promote plant growth and nitrogen fixation in legumes.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate serves as a reagent in analytical chemistry methods for the detection and determination of various substances, including phosphates and sulfates.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used in biological research laboratories as a component in culture media for the cultivation of microorganisms and in biochemical assays.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate may be used in photographic processing as a component in developing solutions and as a sensitizer for certain types of photographic emulsions.
In the textile industry, Sodium molybdate dihydrate is sometimes used as a mordant or dyeing auxiliary to improve the color fastness and dye uptake of fabrics.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate finds applications in electronics manufacturing, such as in the production of electronic components and semiconductors.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used in the oil and gas industry for drilling fluids, well stimulation, and corrosion inhibition in pipelines and equipment.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used in the manufacturing of solar cells and photovoltaic devices as a buffer layer or as a precursor material, contributing to the efficiency and performance of solar energy systems.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Sodium molybdate dihydrate may be utilized as an excipient or an ingredient in drug formulations for its potential therapeutic properties or as a stabilizer in certain medications to enhance their shelf life.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate serves as a precursor or catalyst in various chemical synthesis reactions, including the production of specialty chemicals, pharmaceutical intermediates, and organic compounds.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is sometimes incorporated into welding flux formulations to improve the quality of welds, reduce spattering, and enhance the weldability of metals.
In the ceramics industry, Sodium molybdate dihydrate may be used as an additive in ceramic glazes and coatings to improve their properties, such as adhesion, hardness, and resistance to abrasion.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate can be added to adhesive and sealant formulations to improve their bonding strength, durability, and resistance to environmental factors such as moisture and corrosion.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate may find applications in battery electrolytes to enhance the conductivity and stability of electrolyte solutions, thereby improving the performance of batteries.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used in metalworking fluids, such as cutting oils and lubricants, to provide corrosion protection and improve the machining performance of metalworking operations.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate may be employed in nuclear reactors and related processes as a corrosion inhibitor or a component in nuclear fuel cycle operations.
In some cases, it is used as a dietary supplement in health products or nutritional supplements to provide essential trace minerals and support overall health and well-being.

Hazard:
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is toxic to humans and irritating to eyes and skin.
Causes somnolence and coma in intraperitoneal lethal-dose studies of mice and rats; Causes normocytic anemia in 4-week intermittent intraperitoneal studies of rats; Causes urine changes, pigmented or nucleated red blood cells, changes in teeth or supporting structures, weight loss, effects on testes, epididymis, or sperm duct, lactation, and effects on menstrual cycle in repeated-dose oral studies of rats.

Safety Profile:
Sodium molybdate dihydrate supports the biosynthesis of molybdoenzymes, which are found in all higher forms of life.
The LC50 for freshwater fish ranges from 60 to 7630 mg/L.
The toxicity of soluble molybdate to marine organisms has also been reported.

Direct contact with sodium molybdate dihydrate may cause irritation to the skin, resulting in redness, itching, or dermatitis, especially in individuals with sensitive skin or prolonged exposure.
Exposure to sodium molybdate dihydrate dust or solutions can lead to irritation of the eyes, causing redness, tearing, or discomfort.
In severe cases, Sodium molybdate dihydrate may cause damage to the cornea or other eye tissues.

Inhalation of sodium molybdate dihydrate dust or aerosols may irritate the respiratory tract, leading to symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, or throat irritation.
Prolonged or repeated exposure to high concentrations of dust may cause respiratory sensitization or lung damage.
Ingestion of sodium molybdate dihydrate in large quantities may lead to gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. However, accidental ingestion of small amounts is unlikely to cause significant harm.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is a white crystalline powder.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a white, odourless, free-flowing crystalline solid.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a hydrate that is the dihydrate form of sodium molybdate.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a hydrate, an inorganic sodium salt and a molybdate.

CAS Number: 10102-40-6
EC Number: 231-551-7
MDL Number: MFCD00149170
Molecular Formula: H4MoNa2O6 / Na2MoO4 · 2H2O

Sodium molybdate dihydrate contains a sodium molybdate (anhydrous).
Sodium molybdate, Na2MoO4, is useful as a source of molybdenum.
This white, crystalline salt is often found as the dihydrate, Na2MoO4·2H2O.
The molybdate(VI) anion is tetrahedral.

Two sodium cations coordinate with every one anion.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is an essential ingredient which a plant requires.
Sodium molybdate, Na2MoO4, is useful as a source of molybdenum.
It is often found as the dihydrate, Na2MoO4·2H2O.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a plant micronutrient.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Hydrate or anhydrous forms of Sodium molybdate dihydrate may be purchased.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate has high purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate, also known as Molybdic Acid Disodium Salt, or simply SMX, is a very fine, white, free-flowing technical grade granule represented by the formula: Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is a crystalline powder essential for the metabolism and development of plants and animals as a cofactor for enzymes.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is an inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate contains a molybdate.
Sodium Molybdate DihydrateNa2MoO4, is useful as a source of molybdenum.

This white, crystalline salt, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is often found as the dihydrate, Na2MoO4•2H2O.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is a useful source of molybdate, a Molybdenum compound.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is a very fine white granule free-flowing and highly hydroscopic.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is a reagent in analytical chemistry, paint pigment, production of molybdated toners and lakes, metal finishing, brightening agent for zinc plating, corrosion inhibitor, catalyst in dye and pigment production, additive for fertilizers and feeds, and micronutrient.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is a fine white powder used for corrosion inhibition because it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is an acid phosphatase inhibitor.

The osteoclastic acid phosphatase isoenzyme, secreted by osteoclasts, is a member of a widely-distributed class of iron-containing proteins with acid phosphatase activity.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is soluble powder for correcting molybdenum deficiency in plants.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is a source of molybdenum.
Molybdenum's fundamental role in the human body is as a constituent of molybdoenzymes; some important molybdoenzymes are xanthine oxidase, sulphite oxidase and aldehyde oxidase.

These are involved in the metabolism of sulphur amino acids and purine.
By converting sulphite to sulphate, sulphite oxidase aids the metabolising of the sulphur amino acids methionine and cysteine, a process that is crucial to human health.
This also helps the body reduce the harmful effects of sulphites generally.

Molybdenum is also an essential component of flavin- and iron-containing enzymes.
Most diets will contain a plentiful supply of molybdenum, as it is common in nuts, vegetables and cereals, and is found in drinking water to varying levels.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is used by the plant to convert nitrate into the building blocks for proteins and is crucial for certain plant hormones.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is an odourless white, crystalline powder with the chemical formula Na2MoO4.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is a white, odourless, free flowing crystalline solid.
The molybdate encourages the creation of a protective oxide film on metal surfaces.

There are two main forms of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is a crystalline powder.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate loses its water of crystallization at 100 degrees Celsius.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is known to be less toxic than the other corresponding compounds of group 6B elements in the periodic table.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is stable under ordinary temperatures and pressures.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is stored at 4°C - 25°C.
In case of spillage collect with sawdust and/or sand.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate ensures complete and fast assimilation and solubility and it does not alter pH values if used in nutrient solutions.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is a small, lustrous, crystalline plate.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate has the melting point of 687 degrees Celsius and a density of 3.28 (18C).
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is soluble in water and also noncombustible.C

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
Sodium molybdate dihydrate can be used to add molybdenum to the plant.
The plant uses molybdenum (Mo) to convert nitrate into proteins which are essential for plant hormones.
You can easily recognise a shortage of Molybdenum (Mo) by looking at deformed or yellow young leafs.

With older leaves the shortage can be recognised by looking for yellow leafs.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate uses cover a wide range of fields, including manufacturing, metalwork, printing, and more.
But the impact Sodium molybdate dihydrate can have on plants and animals has brought it into the forefront of use for the agriculture industry, to the tune of more than 1 million pounds of Sodium molybdate dihydrate fertilizer used per year.

The basic chemistry of a molybdate, such as sodium molybdate, contains the element molybdenum in its highest oxidation state, which in turn helps contribute to a high solubility of the chemical in water, a benefit in fertilizer application.
This characteristic, when combined with sodium molybdate’s use as a delivery vessel for essential micronutrients (such as molybdenum) in plants, serves as another key reason for the choice of Sodium molybdate dihydrate fertilizer over other types of fertilizers used in agriculture.

Another touchpoint for this usage ties back to the hydroponic nutrient practice that is growing in popularity.
Hydroponics is an agricultural method in which plants are grown without soil.
Instead, they receive their essential micronutrients through a water solvent, a practice that has shown growth rates almost 50 percent faster than traditional soil-grown plants, in addition to a higher yield from hydroponic plants.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate has seen a particularly strong uptick in usage among farmers of leguminous plants, such as alfalfa, peas, beans, lentils and peanuts.
The agriculture industry uses 1 million pounds per year as a fertilizer. In particular, Sodium molybdate dihydrate's use has been suggested for treatment of whiptail in broccoli and cauliflower in molybdenum-deficient soils.

Included in fertilizer, Sodium molybdate dihydrate provides these plants with enhanced uptake of the essential nitrogen element, while also allowing for efficient fixing of atmospheric nitrogen found in the atmosphere by bacteria in the legumes.
These bacteria convert the nitrogen into ammonia to synthesize amino acids within the plant.

Overall, the use of Sodium molybdate dihydrate in the agricultural industry can be summarized in that it is one of the few chemicals that can provide essential micronutrients and help drive plant function in a form that is both efficient and effective.
Efficiency is shown not only by the relatively small amounts needed to make an impact on the treated plants, but also in the ability to administer Sodium molybdate dihydrate in easily-absorbed water-based formats.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used in industry for corrosion inhibition, as it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor.
The addition of Sodium molybdate dihydrate significantly reduces the nitrite requirement of fluids inhibited with nitrite-amine, and improves the corrosion protection of carboxylate salt fluids.
In industrial water treatment applications where galvanic corrosion is a potential due to bimetallic construction, the application of Sodium molybdate dihydrate is preferred over sodium nitrite.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate has the advantage in that the dosing of lower ppm's of molybdate allow for lower conductivity of the circulating water.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate at levels of 50-100 ppm offer the same levels of corrosion inhibition that sodium nitrite at levels of 800+ offer.
The molybdate encourages the creation of a protective oxide film on metal surfaces.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metal surfaces, as it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used for cooling water systems, engine coolants, metalworking fluids, metal finishing and oil drilling muds.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used as a fertilizer

Sodium Molybdate, Dihydrate, Crystal, Reagent, ACS is a white crystalline solid that is used in agriculture as a fertilizer and in water treatment as well as in industry as a corrosion inhibitor.
The agriculture industry uses 1 million pounds per year as a fertilizer.
In particular, Sodium molybdate dihydrate's use has been suggested for treatment of whiptail in broccoli and cauliflower in molybdenum-deficient soils.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used in industry for corrosion inhibition, as it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor.
The addition of Sodium molybdate dihydrate significantly reduces the nitrite requirement of fluids inhibited with nitrite-amine, and improves the corrosion protection of carboxylate salt fluids.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor, used in metal finishing, as a brightening agent for zinc plating, as a corrosion inhibitor, an additive as trace element for fertilizers, in animal feed supplements, in production of molybdate inorganic and in organic toners and pigments.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used in industry for corrosion inhibition, as it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor.
The addition of Sodium molybdate dihydrate significantly reduces the nitrite requirement of fluids inhibited with nitrite-amine, and improves the corrosion protection of carboxylate salt fluids.
In industrial water treatment applications where galvanic corrosion is a potential due to bimetallic construction, the application of Sodium molybdate dihydrate is preferred over sodium nitrite.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate has the advantage in that the dosing of lower ppm's of molybdate allow for lower conductivity of the circulating water.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate at levels of 50-100 ppm offer the same levels of corrosion inhibition as sodium nitrite at levels of 800+ ppm.
By utilizing lower concentrations of Sodium molybdate dihydrate, conductivity is kept at a minimum and thus galvanic corrosion potentials are decreased.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is source of molybdate, ability to stabilize and inhibit the activity of various receptors
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a useful source of molybdate, a Molybdenum (sc-235881) compound.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate has displayed the ability to stabilize both the androgen and progesterone receptor.
When applied to non-activated estrogen receptors the Sodium molybdate dihydrate reversibly inhibited receptor activation.

In the Rat Sodium molybdate dihydrate inactivated both the active and inactive form of the gluco corticoid receptor complex.
With the use of nitrites, molybdate salts have been shown to reduce the emission of hydrogen sulphide from swine manure.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is used as a corrosion inhibitor for open and closed cooling water systems, engine coolants, metalworking fluids, metal finishing, and oil drilling mud’s.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate is also used as a micronutrient in agriculture.
Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a raw material for making flame retardants and a metal corrosion inhibitor for pollution-free cooling water systems.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate has the advantage in that the dosing of lower ppm's of molybdate allow for lower conductivity of the circulating water.

The agriculture industry uses 1 million pounds per year as a fertilizer.
In particular, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate'ss use has been suggested for treatment of whiptail in broccoli and cauliflower in molybdenum-deficient soils.
However, care must be taken because at a level of 0.3 ppm sodium molybdate can cause copper deficiencies in animals, particularly cattle.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is used in industry for corrosion inhibition, as it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor.
The addition of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate significantly reduces the nitrite requirement of fluids inhibited with nitrite-amine, and improves the corrosion protection of carboxylate salt fluids.
In industrial water treatment applications where galvanic corrosion is a potential due to bimetallic construction, the application of sodium molybdate is preferred over sodium nitrite.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate at levels of 50-100 ppm offer the same levels of corrosion inhibition as sodium nitrite at levels of 800+ ppm.
By utilizing lower concentrations of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate, conductivity is kept at a minimum and thus galvanic corrosion potentials are decreased.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate has displayed the ability to stabilize both the androgen and progesterone receptor.

When applied to non-activated estrogen receptors the Sodium Molybdate reversibly inhibited receptor activation.
In the Rat Sodium molybdate dihydrate inactivated both the active and inactive form of the gluco corticoid receptor complex.
With the use of nitrites, molybdate salts have been shown to reduce the emission of hydrogen sulphide from swine manure.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is used as a component to supply Molybdenum to plants in a complete fertilizer mixture.

Sodium molybdate is used as a Oligo- element for the agricultural industry, as raw material for the metal surface treatment industry and for the pigments production.
Elevated plasma isoenzyme levels are associated with increased bone turnover in metabolic disease.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is used in the following products: anti-freeze products, heat transfer fluids, fertilisers and water treatment chemicals.

Release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
By inhibiting this class of acid phosphatases, sodium molybdate is capable of abolishing bone resorption.
In addition, sodium molybdate has been shown to stabilize the nonactivated glucocorticoid-receptor complex.

Other release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is likely to occur from: outdoor use as reactive substance, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters), outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids) and indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Other release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate can be found in products with material based on: metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery).
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is used in the following products: anti-freeze products, heat transfer fluids, metal working fluids, water softeners, water treatment chemicals, fertilisers and pH regulators and water treatment products.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, health services and scientific research and development.
Other release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is used in the following products: water treatment chemicals, anti-freeze products, metal working fluids, washing & cleaning products and biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products).
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and processing aids at industrial sites.

Other release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is likely to occur from: outdoor use.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, metal working fluids, water treatment chemicals, anti-freeze products and heat transfer fluids.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and mining.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, pulp, paper and paper products, plastic products and machinery and vehicles.

Release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and formulation of mixtures.

Release to the environment of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate helps convert nitrate to amino acids and proteins.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate can be soil or foliar applied.
The agricultural industry uses up to £1 million of fertilizer per year.
In particular, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate has been proposed to be used for processing broccoli and cauliflower seeds on molybdenum-deficient soils.
However, care should be taken as Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate at a level of 0.3 ppm can cause copper deficiencies in animals, particularly cattle.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is used in industry for corrosion prevention because it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor.
The addition of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate significantly reduces the nitrite requirement of nitrite-amine-inhibited fluids and improves the corrosion protection of carboxylate salt fluids.
In industrial water treatment applications where galvanic corrosion is potential due to the bimetallic structure, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is preferred rather than sodium nitrite.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate has the advantage that lower ppm molybdate dosing has lower conductivity of circulating water.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate at 50-100ppm offers the same levels of corrosion inhibition as sodium nitrite at 800+ppm.
By using lower concentrations of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate, conductivity is kept to a minimum and thus galvanic corrosion potentials are reduced.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate can be used to add molybdenum to the plant.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is widely used in the water treatment industry as a corrosion inhibitor in water treatment products.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is also used in agriculture as a micronutrient for plants and used in the manufacturing process of pigments, lubricants and an additive for metal finishing.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is used as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metal surfaces, as it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is also used for cooling water systems, engine coolants, metalworking fluids, metal finishing, oil drilling muds and as a fertiliser nutrient.
In fertiliser systems, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is an essential micronutrient though required by plants in very minute amounts.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate supports the essential metabolism of nitrogen and the synthesis of protein.

Soil that has no molybdenum at all cannot support plant life!
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is 100% water soluble, compatible in many mixed fertiliser nutrient formulations, easy to apply and importantly easy to clean with no sticky residues.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate, Dihydrate is used in the manufacturing of inorganic and organic pigments, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a bath additive for finishing metals finishing, as a reagent for alkaloids, and as an essential micronutrient for plants and animals.

Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate can be used for reagent in analytical chemistry, paint pigment, production of molybdated toners and lakes, metal finishing, brightening agent for zinc plating, corrosion inhibitor, catalyst in dye and pigment production, additive for fertilizers and feeds, and micronutrient.

Overall, the use of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate in the agricultural industry can be summarized in that it is one of the few chemicals that can provide essential micronutrients and help drive plant function in a form that is both efficient and effective.
Efficiency is shown not only by the relatively small amounts needed to make an impact on the treated plants but also by the ability to administer the chemical in easily-absorbed water-based formats.

-Sodium molybdate dihydrate Application:
*Reagents for the manufacture of alkaloids and other substances
*For dyes, molybdenum red pigments, catalysts, molybdenum salts and light-fast lake precipitants.
*Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a raw material for making flame retardants and a metal corrosion inhibitor for pollution-free cooling water systems.
*Sodium molybdate dihydrate is a necessary trace component for animals and plants.

-Recommended Use of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate:
Adhesives & Cements, Animal Feed, Antifreeze, Cooling Water, Corrosion Inhibitors, , Drilling Mud, Engine Coolants, Fertilizer, Metal Finishing, Metalworking Fluids, Micronutrient, Oil Field Service Chemicals, Pigment, Water Treatment, Zinc Plating

-Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate as a corrosion inhibitor:
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is an ideal environmentally responsible corrosion inhibitor for water and cooling systems.
Capable of working across a variety of temperatures and pH levels, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate experiences no loss of chemical properties or effectiveness in a variety of hot or cold environments.
When used, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is capable of inhibiting the corrosion of ferrous, copper and aluminium metals in the cooling water of both open and closed cooling systems.

-Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate in Agriculture:
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate offers a useful source of molybdenum which is an excellent soil micronutrient and essential for healthy plant growth making it a popular choice of fertiliser within the agricultural industry.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is suitable for foliar or fertigation applications, it is used in small amounts to supply molybdenum to crops and livestock.
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate is also added to cattle feed when treating copper deficiencies.

REACTIONS OF SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
When reacted with sodium borohydride, molybdenum is reduced to lower valent molybdenum(IV) oxide:
Na2MoO4 + NaBH4 + 2H2O → NaBO2 + MoO2 + 2NaOH + 3H2
Sodium molybdate dihydrate reacts with the acids of dithiophosphates:
Na2MoO4 + (R = Me, Et)(RO)2PS2H → [MoO2(S2P(OR)2)2] which further reacts to form [MoO3(S2P(OR)2)4].

HISTORY OF SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
Sodium molybdate dihydrate was first synthesized by the method of hydration.
A more convenient synthesis is done by dissolving MoO3 in sodium hydroxide at 50–70 °C and crystallizing the filtered product.
The anhydrous salt is prepared by heating to 100 °C.
MoO3 + 2NaOH + H2O → Na2MoO4·2H2O

The agriculture industry uses of Sodium molybdate dihydrate 1 million pounds per year as a fertilizer.
In particular, Sodium molybdate dihydrate's use has been suggested for treatment of whiptail in broccoli and cauliflower in molybdenum-deficient soils.
However, care must be taken because at a level of 0.3 ppm Sodium molybdate dihydrate can cause copper deficiencies in animals, particularly cattle.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
Density: 2.71 g/cm3 (22 °C) (for the dihydrate)
Melting Point: 687 °C Elimination of water of crystallisation
pH value: 9 - 10 (840 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Bulk density: 1000 - 1400 kg/m3
Solubility: 840 g/l
Appearance (Colour): White
Appearance (Form): Crystalline compound
Solubility (Turbidity) 10% aq. solution: Clear
Solubility (Colour) 10% aq. solution: Colourless
Assay (T): min. 99%
pH (5% aq. solution): 7.0 - 10.5
Chloride (CI): max. 0.001%
Sulphate (SO4): max. 0.02%
Iron (Fe): max. 0.001%
Heavy Metals (Pb): max. 0.001%
Phosphate (PO4): max. 0.001%
Nitrate (NO3): max. 0.005%

Compound Formula: H4Na2MoO6
Molecular Weight: 241.95
Appearance: White powder or crystals
Melting Point: 100 °C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 2.37 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 243.885735
Monoisotopic Mass: 243.885735
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 3.28000 @ 25.00 °C.
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)

Molecular Weight: 241.96
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 243.885730
Monoisotopic Mass: 243.885730
Topological Polar Surface Area: 82.3 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 62.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 5
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical state: solid
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 100 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: Not applicable
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: 130 °C - Elimination of water of crystallization
pH: 9 - 10 at 840 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: Not applicable
Water solubility: 840 g/l at 20 °C

Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: Not applicable
Vapor pressure: Not applicable
Density: 2,71 g/cm3 at 22 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Chemical formula: Na2MoO4
Molar mass: 205.92 g/mol (anhydrous), 241.95 g/mol (dihydrate)
Appearance: White powder
Density: 3.78 g/cm3, solid
Melting point: 687 °C (1,269 °F; 960 K)
Solubility in water: 84 g/100 ml (100 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.714

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the
surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510):
Non Combustible Solids

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM MOLYBDATE DIHYDRATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
no information available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

SYNONYMS:
Sodium molybdate dihydrate
10102-40-6
Sodium molybdate(VI) dihydrate
Disodium molybdate dihydrate
Molybdic acid, disodium salt, dihydrate
MFCD00149170
8F2SXI1704
Na2MoO4.2H2O
Molybdic acid sodium salt dihydrate
sodium orthomolybdate dihydrate
UNII-8F2SXI1704
Sodium molybdenum oxide dihydrate
Molybdate (MoO42-), disodium, dihydrate, (T-4)-
DTXSID7051505
CHEBI:75213
SODIUM MOLYBDATE(VI)DIHYDRATE
Sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) dihydrate
disodium dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum dihydrate
disodium;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum;dihydrate
FT-0655712
sodium dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum--water (1/2)
A800316
Q27145167
4-{[(2E)-2-(HYDROXYIMINO)ETHANOYL]AMINO}BENZOICACID
disodium bis(oxidanidyl)-bis(oxidanylidene)molybdenum dihydrate
Molybdic acid sodium salt dihydrate, Sodium molybdate dihydrate
Sodium molybdate
Disodium molybdate
Sodium molybdenum oxide dihydrate
Molybdic acid sodium salt dihydrate
Sodium molybdate dihydrate
Molybdic acid, sodium salt dihydrate
di-Sodium molybdate dihydrate
Molybdic acid disodium salt dihydrate

SYNONYMS Ethanol, 2-[2-[2-(tetradecyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]-, 1-(hydrogen sulfate), sodium salt (1:1);Ethanol, 2-[2-[2-(tetradecyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]-, hydrogen sulfate sodium salt;Ethanol, 2-[2-[2-(tetradecyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]-, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt;Natrium-2-[2-[2-(tetradecyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethylsulfat;sodium 2-[2-[2-(tetradecyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl sulphate CAS NO:25446-80-4

SODIUM MYRISTOYL GLUTAMATE N° CAS : 38517-37-2 / 38754-83-5 / 71368-20-2 Nom INCI : SODIUM MYRISTOYL GLUTAMATE Nom chimique : Sodium hydrogen N-(1-oxotetradecyl)-L-glutamate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 253-981-4 Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

SODIUM MYRISTOYL SARCOSINATE N° CAS : 30364-51-3 Nom INCI : SODIUM MYRISTOYL SARCOSINATE Nom chimique : Sodium N-methyl-N-(1-oxotetradecyl)aminoacetate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 250-151-3 Ses fonctions (INCI) Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Agent moussant : Capture des petites bulles d'air ou d'autres gaz dans un petit volume de liquide en modifiant la tension superficielle du liquide Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

SODIUM MYRISTYL SULFATE N° CAS : 1191-50-0 Nom INCI : SODIUM MYRISTYL SULFATE Nom chimique : Sodium tetradecyl sulphate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 214-737-2 Classification : Sulfate Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

cas no 532-02-5 Sodium 2-naphthalenesulfonate; 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; Sodium naphthalene-2-sulphonate; Sodium beta-naphthalenesulfonate; Sodium naphthalene-6-sulfonate; beta-Naphthalenesulfonic sodium salt;

SODIUM NAPHTHALENESULFONATE; NAPHTHALENESULFONIC ACID, SODIUM SALT; Sodium naphthalenesulfonate; N° CAS : 532-02-5 / 1321-69-3; Nom INCI : SODIUM ; NAPHTHALENESULFONATE; Nom chimique : 2-Naphthalenesulfonic Acid, Sodium Salt; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 208-523-8 / 215-323-4. Ses fonctions (INCI): Hydrotrope : Augmente la solubilité d'une substance qui est peu soluble dans l'eau. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : B-NAPHTALENE SULFONATE DE SODIUM; SEL DE SODIUM DE L'ACIDE NAPHTALENESULFONIQUE-2; Sel de sodium de l'acide naphtalènesulfonique-2. Noms anglais : 2-NAPHTHALENESULFONIC ACID, SODIUM SALT; SODIUM .BETA.-NAPHTHALENESULFONATE; Sodium naphthalene-2-sulfonate; SODIUM NAPHTHALENE-2-SULPHONATE; 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt (1:1). IUPAC names : 2-Naphthalinsulfonsäure Natriumsalz; naftalin sülfonat, naftalinsülfonat; Sodium 2-Naphthalenesulfonate; sodium naphthalene-2-sulfonate; 208-523-8 [EINECS]; 2-Naphtalènesulfonate de sodium [French]; 2-Naphthalenesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt; 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt (1:1); 532-02-5 [RN]; MFCD00064186 [MDL number]; Natrium-2-naphthalinsulfonat [German] ; Natriumnaphthalen-2-sulfonat; QK3678000; Sodium 2-naphthalenesulfonate; sodium naphthalene-2-sulfonate; Sodium β-naphthalenesulfonate; [532-02-5]; 1321-69-3 [RN]; 2/5/532; 215-323-4 [EINECS]; 2-Naphthalene sulfonic acid sodium salt; 2-naphthalenesulfonate sodium;2-NAPHTHALENESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT,96%; 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; 2-NAPHTHALENESULFONICACIDSODIUMSALT; 2-Naphthalenesulphonic acid sodium salt; 5/2/532;EINECS 208-523-8 ; NAPHTHALENE-2-SULFONIC ACID; Naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt; naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, sodium salt; Naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid; sodium salt; Naphthalene-2-sulphonic acid sodium salt; Naphthalene-2-sulphonic acid, sodium salt; sodium and naphthalene-2-sulfonate; SODIUM NAPHTHALENE-2-SULPHONATE; Sodium naphthalene-2-sulphonate 95%;Sodium naphthalene-6-sulfonate; SODIUM NAPHTHALENESULFONATE; Sodium salt; Sodium salt of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid; Sodium β-naphthalenesulfonate; sodium;naphthalene-2-sulfonate ; sodium2-naphthalenesulfonate; Sodium-2-naphthalenesulfonate; TL8003494; UNII-D3F8YRX7TP; β-Naphthalenesulfonic sodium salt; Noms français : NAPHTALENE SULFONATE DE SODIUM; NAPHTHALENE SULFONIC ACID, SODIUM SALT; SEL DE SODIUM DE L'ACIDE NAPHTALENESULFONIQUE; Sel de sodium de l'acide naphtalènesulfonique; SODIUM NAPHTHALENE SULFONATE. Noms anglais : NAPHTHALENESULFONIC ACID, SODIUM SALT; Sodium naphthalenesulfonate. Utilisation: Fabrication de produits organiques; Sodium naphthalenesulphonate. ; IUPAC names :sodium naphthalene-1-sulfonate; 130-14-3 [RN]; 1-Naphtalènesulfonate de sodium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 1-Naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt;1-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; 1-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt (1:1) [ACD/Index Name]; 215-323-4 [EINECS]; MFCD00064964 [MDL number];Natrium-1-naphthalinsulfonat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name] ; Sodium 1-naphthalenesulfonate [ACD/IUPAC Name]; sodium naphthalene-1-sulfonate; Sodium α-naphthalenesulfonate; α-Naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt; [130-14-3]; [1321-69-3] ; 1321-69-3 [RN]; 1-Naphthalene Sulfonic Acid, Monosodium salt; 1-Naphthalene sulphonic acid sodium salt; 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid; sodium; 204-976-0MFCD00064964; 2-Naphthalenesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt; 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt 36290-04-7 [RN] 532-02-5 [RN] 9008-63-3 [RN] 98% (dry wt.), water <5% EINECS 204-976-0 EINECS 208-523-8 EINECS 215-323-4 Naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt solution Naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt solution (40% or less) naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt Naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid; sodium salt Naphthalene-1-sulphonic acid sodium salt Naphthalene-1-sulphonic acid, sodium salt Naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt Naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt Sodium ??-naphthalenesulfonate Sodium 1-naphthalenesulfonate;Sodium ??-naphthalenesulfonate Sodium 1-naphthalenesulfonate;Sodium ?-naphthalenesulfonate Sodium 2-naphthalenesulfonate [ACD/IUPAC Name] Sodium Î±-naphthyl acetate Sodium naphthalene sulfonate Sodium naphthalene sulfonate solution Sodium naphthalene sulfonate solution (40% or less) sodium naphthalene-2-sulfonate SODIUM NAPHTHALENE-2-SULPHONATE Sodium naphthalene-6-sulfonate SODIUM NAPHTHALENESULFONATE sodium naphthalenesulphonate Sodium salt Sodium salt of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid Sodium α-naphthalenesulfonate Sodium α-naphthalenesulfonic acid Sodium α-naphthyl acetate Sodium α-naphthylsulfonate Sodium β-naphthalenesulfonate Sodium-2-naphthalenesulfonate UNII-D3F8YRX7TP α salt α-Naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt β-Naphthalenesulfonic sodium salt

cas no 7631-99-4 Soda Niter; Cubic Niter; Chile Saltpeter; Sodium(I) Nitrate; Nitrate of Soda; Nitrate de sodium (French); Nitric acid sodium salt; Chile salpeter;

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is the organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO2NClNa.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide has a role as an antifouling biocide, a disinfectant and an allergen.

CAS Number: 127-65-1 / 7080-50-4 (trihydrate)
EC Number: 204-854-7
Molecular Formula: C7H7ClNNaO2S
Chemical formula: C7H7ClNO2S·Na / C7H7ClNO2S·Na·(3H2O) (hydrate)

SYNONYMS:
Chloramine-T, Sodium chloro(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)azanide, N-Chloro-para-toluenesulfonylamide, Sodium N-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulphonomite, Chloraseptin, Chlorazol, Clorina, Disifin, Halamid, Hydroclonazone, Trichlorol, Minachlor, Tosylchloramide Sodium, N-chlorotosylamide, sodium salt, Aseptoclean, Chloraseptine, Sodium N-chloro 4-methylbenzenesulfonamide trihydrate, Sodium N-chloro-4-toluenesulfonamide trihydrate, Sodium n-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide trihydrate, Tosylchloramide sodium, Chloramine-T, CHLORAMINE T, 127-65-1, Chloralone, Chlorasan, Chlorazene, Chlorozone, Acti-chlore, Tosylchloramide sodium, Chloraseptine, Chlorazan, Chlorazone, Chlorosol, Chlorseptol, Heliogen, Mannolite, Tampules, Tochlorine, Tolamine, Sodium chloramine T, Monochloramine T, Multichlor, Aktivin, Sodium p-toluenesulfonchloramide, Chlorina Aktivin, Sodium chloro(tosyl)amide, Sodium tosylchloramide, Euclorina, Clorina, Tosilcloramida sodica, Tosylchloramide sodique, (N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamido)sodium, Sodium p-toluenesulfonylchloramide, Tosylchloramidum natricum, Berkendyl, Halamid, N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium, Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, Anexol, chloramine-T anhydrous, Cloramine T, Gyneclorina, Clorosan, Mianine, Gansil, Chloramin Heyden, Kloramine-T, CHEBI:53767, Tosylchloramide sodium [INN], Chloramin Dr. Fahlberg, 328AS34YM6, N-Chlorotoluenesulfonamide sodium salt, NSC-36959, N-Chloro-4-methylbenzylsulfonamide sodium salt, DTXSID6040321, [chloro(p-tolylsulfonyl)amino]sodium, Aseptoclean, Desinfect, Tosylchloramid-natrium, sodium chloro(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)azanide, Benzenesulfonamide, N-chloro-4-methyl-, sodium salt, 149358-73-6, Tosylchloramide sodium (INN), N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium salt, Caswell No. 170, Benzenesulfonamide, N-chloro-4-methyl-, sodium salt (1:1), Chloramine-t [NF], TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM (EP IMPURITY), TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM [EP IMPURITY], TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM (EP MONOGRAPH), TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM [EP MONOGRAPH], p-Toluenesulfonchloramide Sodium Salt, sodium chloro((4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl)azanide, sodium chloro[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]azanide, HSDB 4303, SR-01000872612, EINECS 204-854-7, Tosilcloramida sodica [INN-Spanish], N-Chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide sodium salt, NSC 36959, Tosylchloramide sodique [INN-French], (N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide)sodium, Tosylchloramidum natricum [INN-Latin], AI3-18426C, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076502, UNII-328AS34YM6, Chloramin T, p-Toluenesulfonamide, N-chloro-, sodium salt, Tosyl chloramide sodium, Sodiumchloro(tosyl)amide, CHLORAMINE-T [MI], Epitope ID:116223, CHLORAMINE-T [HSDB], SCHEMBL19335, CHEMBL1697734, DTXCID4020321, HMS3264N19, AMY37206, BCP12015, HY-B0959, s6403, Sodium N-chloro-4-toluenesulfonamide, AKOS015890257, CCG-213937, CS-4435, TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM [WHO-DD], USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 076502, DA-72163, Sodium N-chloro 4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, NS00066780, sodium;chloro-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylazanide, Chloramine-T 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, EN300-75322, D02445, D88065, Q420695, J-008582, SR-01000872612-2, SR-01000872612-3, W-108379, Chloramine (T) N-Chloro-4-toluenesulfonamide,sodium salt, Z1172235461, Acti-chlore, Aktiven, Aktivin, Anexol, Asepto-Sol, Aseptoclean, Berkendyl, Chloralone, Chloramine-T, Chlorasan, Chloraseptine, Chlorazan, Chlorazene, Chlorazene Hydrosol, Chlorazone, Chlorozone, Chlorseptol, Cloramine T, Clorina, Clorosan, Desinfect, Euclorina, Gansil, Gyneclorina, Halamid, Heliogen, Kloramin, Kloramin B, Kloramine-T, Mannolite, Mianine, Monochloramine T, Multichlor, N-Chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide Sodium Salt, N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide Sodium, N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide Sodium Salt, N-Chlorotoluenesulfonamide Sodium Salt, Sodium N-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, Sodium N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, Sodium Chloramine T, Sodium p-Toluenesulfochloramide, Sodium p-Toluenesulfonchloramide, Sodium p-Toluenesulfonylchloramide, Sodium Tosylchloramide, Tampules, Toc, (N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamido)sodium, Acti-chlore, Aktivin, Anexol, Aseptoclean, Benzenesulfonamide, N-chloro-4-methyl-, sodium salt, Berkendyl, Chloralone, Chloramin Dr. Fahlberg, Chloramin Heyden, Chloramine T, Chlorasan, Chloraseptine, Chlorazan, Chlorazene, Chlorazone, Chlorina Aktivin, Chlorosol, Chlorozone, Chlorseptol, Cloramine T, Clorina, Clorosan, Desinfect, Euclorina, Gansil, Gyneclorina, Halamid, Heliogen, Kloramin, Kloramine-T, Mannolite, Mianine, Monochloramine T, Multichlor, N-Chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide sodium salt, N-Chloro-4-methylbenzylsulfonamide sodium salt, N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium, N-Chlorotoluenesulfonamide sodium salt, Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, Sodium chloramine T, Sodium derivative of N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, trihydrate, Sodium p-toluenesulfonchloramide, Sodium p-toluenesulfonylchloramide, Sodium tosylchloramide, Tampules, Tochlorine, Tolamine, Tosilcloramida sodica [INN-Spanish], Tosylchloramid-natrium, Tosylchloramide sodique [INN-French], Tosylchloramide sodium, Tosylchloramidum natricum [INN-Latin], p-Toluenesulfonamide, N-chloro-, sodium salt, [ChemIDplus] UN1759, Chloramine-T, Benzene Sulfonamide Sodium Salt , Sodium chloro(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)azanide , N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium salt , Clorina, Euclorina, Tosylchloramide sodium , N-chloro tosylamide, sodium salt, N-Chloro 4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, sodium salt , sodium p-toluenesulfonchloramide, N-Chloro para-toluenesulfonylamide, EC 615-172-8, Benzenesulfonamide, N-chloro-4-methyl-, sodium salt, Chloralone, Chlorasan, Chlorozone, chloralone, Chloramine-T, Cloramine T, tosylchloramide sodium, chloramine-t trihydrate, Sodium Chloro(tosyl)amide, Sodium N-chloro-4-methylbenzene-sulfonimidate, Chloramine-T, sodium chloro(tosyl)amide, N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide Sodium Salt Trihydrate, Tosylchloramide Sodium Trihydrate, (N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamido)sodium Trihydrate, N-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide Sodium Salt Trihydrate

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is an organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide has a role as an antifouling biocide, a disinfectant and an allergen.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide contains a chloro(p-tolylsulfonyl)azanide.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is the organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO2NClNa.
Both the anhydrous salt and Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide's trihydrate are known.
Both are white powders.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is used as a reagent in organic synthesis.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is commonly used as cyclizing agent in the synthesis of aziridine, oxadiazole, isoxazole and pyrazoles.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide's inexpensive, has low toxicity and acts as a oxidizing agent.

In addition, Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide also acts as a source of nitrogen anions and electrophilic cations.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide may undergo degradation on long term exposure to atmosphere such that care must be taken during its storage.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is an organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is a white or slightly yellow crystals or crystalline powder.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is one of numerous organometallic compounds manufactured.
Organometallics are useful reagents, catalysts, and precursor materials with applications in thin film deposition, industrial chemistry, pharmaceuticals, LED manufacturing, and others.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, known as Chloramine-T (CAT), is a low-cost mild oxidizing agent with a wide range of uses.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide acts as a source of halonium cation and nitrogen anion and thus acts as base and nucleophile.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide reacts with a wide range of functional groups and carries different molecular transformations.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 to < 100 tonnes per annum.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is the organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO2NClNa.

Both the anhydrous salt and Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide's trihydrate are known.
Both are white powders.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide's inexpensive, has low toxicity and acts as a oxidizing agent.

In addition, Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide also acts as a source of nitrogen anions and electrophilic cations.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide may undergo degradation on long term exposure to atmosphere such that care must be taken during its storage.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is a disinfectant that is used to treat wastewater and as a preservative for water.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide has been shown to be effective against bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is an antimicrobial agent that reacts with the matrix in which it is applied to form chloramines-T (NHClO).
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide inhibits the activity of enzymes such as those involved in DNA synthesis and protein synthesis.

This reaction also generates an electric current due to the redox potentials of the reactants.
The presence of aziridines in Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide leads to crosslinking between proteins, which enhances its effectiveness as a disinfectant.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide has been shown to have no adverse effects on human erythrocytes or DNA when used at concentrations up to 100 µg/mL.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is a white crystal powder.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide has a slight smell of chlorine gas, no bitterness, and slowly decomposes in the exposed air.

The effective chlorine is reduced by 0.1% in one year, gradually loses chlorine and turns yellow, is easily soluble in water and ethanol, and is insoluble in chloroform, ether or benzene.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is a white to yellow crystals with a slight odor of Chlorine.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is a titrimetric reagent, and an oxidizing agent.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is an investigational animal drug used in the aquaculture industry and also is a very effective odor control compound.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM N-CHLORO-P-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE:
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is used reagent in amidohydroxylation
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is used the Sharpless oxyamination converts an alkene to a vicinal aminoalcohol.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is used a common source of the amido component of this reaction is chloramine-T.

Vicinal aminoalcohols are important products in organic synthesis and recurring pharmacophores in drug discovery.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is used the Sharpless oxyamination and Oxidant.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is a strong oxidant.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide oxidizes hydrogen sulfide to sulfur and mustard gas to yield a harmless crystalline sulfimide.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide converts iodide to iodine monochloride (ICl).
ICl rapidly undergoes electrophilic substitution predominantly with activated aromatic rings, such as those of the amino acid tyrosine.

Thus, Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is used to incorporate iodine into peptides and proteins.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide together with iodogen or lactoperoxidase is commonly used for labeling peptides and proteins with radioiodine isotopes.
This disinfectant is for external use only, Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide can exterminate bacteria, viruses, fungi, spore.

The action principle is that chlorine can sterilize slowly and lastingly, and also can dissolve necrotic tissue, chlorine come from hypochlorous acid which is produced by Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide solution.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is used apply to disinfect drinking water container,food,all kind of tableware, fruits and vegetables,and cleaning wound, mucous membrane.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is used in preparation of Acetoxy Chloro Me Butene.
Most importantly, Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide can be used in acidic, neutral, and basic conditions.
As a result, Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide’s been widely used in chemistry, particularly in organic synthesis and analytical chemistry.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is used in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is being reviewed for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: disinfection, veterinary hygiene, food and animals feeds, drinking water.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products.
Release to the environment of Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products.

Release to the environment of Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is used as a reagent in organic synthesis.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is commonly used as cyclizing agent in the synthesis of aziridine, oxadiazole, isoxazole and pyrazoles.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is a disinfectant with broad-spectrum bactericidal ability for external use.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide contains 24 to 25% of available chlorine.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is relatively stable and has a killing effect on bacteria, viruses, fungi and spores.
The principle of action is that the solution produces hypochlorous acid to release chlorine, which has a slow and long-lasting bactericidal action and can dissolve necrotic tissue.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide has mild and long-lasting effect, no irritation to mucous membranes, no side effects, and excellent effect.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is often used for washing and disinfecting wounds and ulcers.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is widely used in the sterilization of sterile rooms and disinfection of medical devices in pharmaceutical companies.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is also used for food utensils, fruit and vegetable breeding industry disinfection, wound surface, mucous membrane washing.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide was originally used as a bleach in a manner similar to Chloramine B.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is now primarily used as an Disinfectant and Fungicide.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is used as a bleaching agent and oxidizing desizing agent in the printing and dyeing industry, used as a reagent for supplying chlorine.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide has other applications that include: algaecide, bactericide, germicide, parasite control, and for drinking water disinfection.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is also highly effective against bacteria, viruses, and spores.

In the aquaculture and aquafarming industries, Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide (Tosylchloramide Sodium Salt) is used to treat external bacterial infections in salmonid fish such as koi, salmon, trout, and whitefish.
In the personal care industry, Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is used in hydrotherapy treatments to revitalize, maintain, and restore health.

Hydrotherapeutic applications of Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide include whirlpools, saunas, steam baths, foot baths, and sitz baths.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is also used for disinfection in saunas, solariums, gyms, sport centres, kitchens, sanitary facilities, and air conditioning units.

As an anti-microbial agent, Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide it has had widespread use in a broad range of practices, including medical, dental, verterinary food processing and agricultural.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide also has been used in direct contact with tissues because it has a low degree of cytotoxicity.

REACTIONS OF SODIUM N-CHLORO-P-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE:
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide contains active (electrophilic) chlorine.
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide's reactivity is similar to that of sodium hypochlorite.

Aqueous solutions of Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide are slightly basic (pH typically 8.5).
The pKa of the closely related N-chlorophenylsulfonamide C6H5SO2NClH is 9.5.

Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide is prepared by oxidation of toluenesulfonamide with sodium hypochlorite, with the latter being produced in situ from sodium hydroxide and chlorine (Cl2).

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM N-CHLORO-P-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE:
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 226.9783716 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 226.9783716 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 43.5Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 231
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical formula: C7H7ClNO2S·Na
C7H7ClNO2S·Na·(3H2O) (hydrate)
Molar mass: 227.64 g/mol
281.69 g/mol (trihydrate)
Appearance: White powder
Density: 1.4 g/cm3
Melting point Releases chlorine at 130 °C (266 °F; 403 K)
Solid melts at 167–169 °C
Solubility in water >100 mg/mL (hydrate)
Molecular Weight: 227.64

Appearance: Solid
Formula: C7H7ClNNaO2S
CAS No.: 127-65-1
SMILES: O=S(C1=CC=C(C)C=C1)(N([Na])Cl)=O
Shipping: Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage: 4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
Appearance: White Powder
Purity: ≥99%
Active Chlorine: ≥24.5%
PH: 8.0-11.0
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available

Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available

Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Water Solubility: 1.52 mg/mL
logP: -1
logP: 1.85
logS: -2.2

pKa (Strongest Acidic): 4.89
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 3
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 43.37 Å2
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Refractivity: 47.79 m3·mol-1
Polarizability: 18.65 Å3
Number of Rings: 1
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No

Chemical Formula: C7H7ClNO2S·Na
Hydrate Formula: C7H7ClNO2S·Na·(3H2O)
Molecular Weight:
227.64 g/mol (anhydrous)
281.69 g/mol (trihydrate)
Appearance: White powder
Density: 1.4 g/cm³
Melting Point:
Releases chlorine at 130 °C (266 °F; 403 K)
Solid melts at 167–169 °C
Solubility in Water: >100 g/L (hydrate)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 1

Exact Mass: 226.9783716 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 226.9783716 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 43.5 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 231
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Chemical Name: Sodium; chloro-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylazanide
Compound Formula: C7H7ClNNaO2S
Molecular Weight: 227.644 g/mol
Appearance: White powder or crystals
Density: 1.4 g/cm³
Melting Point: 167-170 °C
Boiling Point: 314.3 °C at 760 mmHg (est.)
Flash Point: 143.9 °C (291.00 °F, TCC)
Solubility in Water: >100 mg/mL (est.)
Exact Mass: 226.978378 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 226.978378 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4

Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Topological Polar Surface Area: 42.52 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 231
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C7H7ClNO2S.Na/c1-6-2-4-7(5-3-6)12(10,11)9-8;/h2-5H,1H3;/q-1;+1
InChI Key: VDQQXEISLMTGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)[N-]Cl.[Na+]
EC Number: 204-854-7
PubChem CID: 3641960

RTECS Number: XT5616800
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00%
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Vapor Pressure: 0.000472 mmHg @ 25 °C (est.)
logP (o/w): 2.268 (est.)
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
May decompose violently if heated above 130 °C.
May decompose on exposure to air.
Storage: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM N-CHLORO-P-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM N-CHLORO-P-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM N-CHLORO-P-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM N-CHLORO-P-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM N-CHLORO-P-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM N-CHLORO-P-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

SYNONYMS Soda Niter; Cubic Niter; Chile Saltpeter; Sodium(I) Nitrate Nitrate of Soda CAS NO7631-99-4

Sodium nitrite is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2.
Sodium nitrite is white or yellow patch on the orthorhombic crystal or powder.
Sodium nitrite is soluble in water and liquid ammonia, its aqueous solution is alkaline.

CAS Number: 7632-00-0
Molecular Formula: NaNO2
Molecular Weight: 69
EINECS Number: 231-555-9

Sodium nitrite is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2.
Sodium nitrite is a white to slightly yellowish crystalline powder that is very soluble in water and is hygroscopic.
From an industrial perspective, Sodium nitrite is the most important nitrite salt.

Sodium nitrite is a precursor to a variety of organic compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, dyes, and pesticides, but it is probably best known as a food additive used in processed meats and (in some countries) in fish products.
Sodium nitrite is similar in name and use to sodium nitrate.
Both are preservatives used in processed meats, such as salami, hot dogs, and bacon.

Sodium nitrite has been synthesized by several chemical reactions that involve the reduction of sodium nitrate.
Industrial production of sodium nitrite is primarily by the absorption of nitrogen oxides into aqueous sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.
Over the years, sodium nitrite has raised some concerns about its safety in foods, but it remains in use and there are indications that it may actually be healthy.

Sodium nitrite was developed during the 1960s.
In 1977, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) considered banning it but the USDA’s final ruling on the additive came out in 1984, allowing its use.
Studies in the 1990s indicated some adverse effects of sodium nitrite, for instance the potential to cause childhood leukemia and brain cancers.

In the late 1990s, the National Toxicity Program (NTP) began a review of sodium nitrite and proposed listing sodium nitrite as a developmental and reproductive toxicant, but a report in 2000 by NTP proposed that sodium nitrite is not a toxic substance and removed it from the list of developmental and reproductive toxicants.
Sodium nitrite is now believed that it can help with organ transplants and leg vascular problems, while preventing heart attacks and sickle cell disease.
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is an inorganic compound that is commonly used as a reagent and catalyst in synthetic organic chemistry.

Chemical formula Sodium nitrite is NaNO2, in which N has a valency is + III.
Sodium nitrite is colorless or yellow crystal, the relative density is 2.168 (0℃), the melting point is 271℃, and it is decomposed when 320℃.
Sodium nitrite is soluble in water, and aqueous solution is alkaline because of nitrate hydrolysis.

Sodium nitrite has the characteristics of reduction and oxidation and is mainly oxidation.
In acidic solution, the main performance is oxidation.
In alkaline solution or in case of strong oxidizing agent, its performance is reduction.

With sulfur, phosphorus, organic matter and other friction or impact can cause combustion or explosion.
Sodium nitrite can be placed in the air with the oxygen reaction, and gradually produce sodium nitrate: NaNO2+1/2O2=NaNO3.
When using strong acidic sodium nitrite, it can be nitrited to nitric acid.

Nitrite is very unstable, easily decomposed into nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide and water.
The nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms all have a single pair of electrons, which can be used as ligands, and can be used as ligands to form complexes with many metal ions.
Sodium nitrite is toxic, carcinogenic substances, using it must be attention.

Sodium nitrite is used in printing and dyeing industry and organic synthesis.
Sodium nitrite is obtained by the reaction of sodium nitrate and lead in a total of hot condtion.
NaNO3+Pb=NaNO2+PbO.

The reaction mixture obtained by hot water treatment, filtration to remove insoluble lead oxide, concentration and crystallization of sodium nitrite crystal can be obtained.
Sodium nitrite is an inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion.
Sodium nitrite is used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.

Sodium nitrite has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative, an antihypertensive agent, a food antioxidant, a poison and an antidote to cyanide poisoning.
Sodium nitrite is a nitrite salt and an inorganic sodium salt.
Sodium nitrite is a white crystalline powder.

If someone ingests enough of this substance, it can interfere with the body’s red blood cell’s ability to transport oxygen.
This dangerous and potentially fatal condition is called methemoglobinemia.
Sodium nitrite is a yellowish white crystalline solid.

Noncombustible but will accelerate the burning of combustible material.
If large quantities are involved in a fire or if the combustible material is finely divided, an explosion may result.
If contaminated by ammonium compounds, spontaneous decomposition can occur and the resulting heat may ignite surrounding combustible material.

Prolonged exposure heat may result in an explosion.
Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires involving Sodium nitrite.
Sodium nitrite is used as a food preservative, and to make other chemicals.

Sodium nitrite is also found at low concentrations in most vegetables.
Spinach and lettuce can have some of the highest concentrations but all vegetables will contain some levels of sodium nitrite.
Sodium nitrite has been explored in human and veterinary medicines as a vasodilator, reducing blood pressure, and is also used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning.

Sodium nitrite, NaN02, is a fire-hazardous, air-sensitive, yellowish white powder that is soluble in water and decomposes at temperatures above 320°C (608 °F).
Sodium nitrite is used as an intermediate for dye stuffs and for pickling of meat, in dyeing of textiles, in rustproofing, in medicine, and as a reagent in organic chemistry.
Sodium nitrite is also able to effectively delay the development of oxidative rancidity.

Lipid peroxidation is considered to be a major reason for the deterioration of quality of meat products (rancidity and unappetizing flavors).
Sodium nitrite acts as an antioxidant in a mechanism similar to the one responsible for the coloring effect.
Nitrite reacts with heme proteins and metal ions, neutralizing free radicals by nitric oxide (one of its byproducts).

Neutralization of these free radicals terminates the cycle of lipid oxidation that leads to rancidity.
Sodium nitrite is the most important cure additive responsible for the typical colour and flavour associated with cooked cured meats.
Sodium nitrite provides oxidative stability to meat while helping control the flavour and prevent the growth of C. botulinum, especially in regard to mishandling and temperature abuse.

Sodium nitrate is used in dry cured meat, because it slowly breaks down into nitrite.
Adding nitrite to food can lead to the formation of small amounts of potent cancer-causing chemicals (nitrosamines), particularly in fried bacon.
Nitrite, which also occurs in saliva and forms from nitrate in several vegetables, can undergo the same chemical reaction in the stomach.

Sodium nitrite looks like an oversized grain of salt, according to a 2017 database entry from the International Programme on Chemical Safety.
Most cured meat products feature this food additive, according to a March 2012 paper in Meat Science.
Adding a small amount of sodium nitrite turns foods like hot dogs slightly pink.

Sodium nitrates (NaNO3) and sodium nitrites (NaNO2) are naturally occurring chemical compounds commonly used in cured meat products such as bacon and hot dogs.
For home cooks, a product called "pink salt" or Prague powder that combines sodium nitrites and/or nitrates with sodium chloride (salt) makes it possible to safely preserve meat for flavor and extended storage.
Sodium nitrite is a type of salt that happens to be particularly effective as a food preservative.

A naturally occurring mineral, Sodium nitrite is present in all kinds of vegetables (root veggies such as carrots and leafy greens such as celery and spinach), along with many fruits and grains.
Anything that grows from the ground draws Sodium nitrite out of the soil.
Sodium nitrite has a long and somewhat complicated history.

Sodium nitrite was first developed in the 1960s, and in 1977 the USDA considered banning it, but in 1984 its use as a food additive was allowed.
Studies in the 1990s indicated that there could be adverse effects linked to the use of sodium nitrite as a food additive, and the National Toxicity Program (NTP) recommended listing the compound as a developmental and reproductive toxicant.
However, in a report by the NTP in 2000, sodium nitrite was found to not be a toxic substance when used at approved levels and was removed from the list of developmental and reproductive toxicants.

Today, it is believed that sodium nitrite could prevent heart attacks and sickle cell disease and help with organ transplants and vascular problems in the legs.
Sodium nitrite is used in many products and industrial processes, including heat transfer salts, metal treatment and finishing, meat and fish preservatives, pharmaceuticals, and as an antidote to cyanide poisoning.

Sodium nitrite is a white or white-yellowish hygroscopic solid, soluble in water and slightly soluble in primary alcohols, while insoluble in alkanes and chlorocarbons.
Sodium nitrite has a density of 2.168 g/cm3.
Sodium nitrite melts when heated to 271 °C, and will also decompose, with significant decomposition starting above 320 °C.

Melting point: 271 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 320 °C
Density: 2.17g/cm3
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: aqueous acid: 1 - 2μl acetic acid per ml H2Osoluble
form: powder
color: White or colorless
Specific Gravity: 2.168
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 9
PH: 9 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Oxidising Properties: The substance or mixture is classified as oxidizing with the subcategory 3
Water Solubility: 820 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,8648

Sodium nitrite is an oxidizing agent. Mixtures with phosphorus, tin(II) chloride or other reducing agents may react explosively.
If contaminated by ammonium compounds, spontaneous decomposition can occur and resulting heat may ignite surrounding combustible material.
Reacts with acids to form toxic nitrogen dioxide gas.

Mixing with liquid ammonia forms dipotassium nitrite, which is very reactive and easily explosive.
Melting together wilh an ammonium salt leads to a violent explosion.
A mixture with potassium cyanide may cause an explosion.

Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of all combustible material.
If large quantities are involved in fire or if the combustible material is finely divided, an explosion may result.
When a little ammonium sulfate is added to fused potassium nitrite, a vigorous reaction occurs attended by flame

The appearance and taste of meat is an important component of consumer acceptance.
Sodium nitrite is responsible for the desirable red color (or shaded pink) of meat.
Very little nitrite is needed to induce this change.

Sodium nitrite has been reported that as little as 2 to 14 parts per million (ppm) is needed to induce this desirable color change.
However, to extend the lifespan of this color change, significantly higher levels are needed.
The mechanism responsible for this color change is the formation of nitrosylating agents by nitrite, which has the ability to transfer nitric oxide that subsequently reacts with myoglobin to produce the cured meat color.

The unique taste associated with cured meat is also affected by the addition of sodium nitrite.
However, the mechanism underlying this change in taste is still not fully understood.
In conjunction with salt and pH levels, sodium nitrite reduces the ability of Clostridium botulinum spores to grow to the point of producing toxin.

Some dry-cured meat products are manufactured without nitrites.
For example, Parma ham, which has been produced without nitrite since 1993, was reported in 2018 to have caused no cases of botulism.
Sodium nitrite has shown varying degrees of effectiveness for controlling growth of other spoilage or disease causing microorganisms.

Although the inhibitory mechanisms are not well known, its effectiveness depends on several factors including residual nitrite level, pH, salt concentration, reductants present and iron content.
The type of bacteria also affects sodium nitrite's effectiveness.
It is generally agreed that sodium nitrite is not effective for controlling Gram-negative enteric pathogens such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli.

Other food additives (such as lactate and sorbate) provide similar protection against bacteria, but do not provide the desired pink color.
Nitrites do not occur naturally in vegetables in significant quantities.[45] Boiling vegetables does not affect nitrite levels.
The presence of nitrite in animal tissue is a consequence of metabolism of nitric oxide, an important neurotransmitter.

Nitric oxide can be created de novo from nitric oxide synthase utilizing arginine or from ingested nitrite.
In organic synthesis isotope enriched sodium nitrite-15N can be used instead of normal sodium nitrite as their reactivity is nearly identical in most reactions.
The obtained products carry isotope 15N and hence nitrogen NMR can be efficiently carried out.

Sodium nitrite has gained attractiveness through online suicide forums.
These forums share information on how to obtain sodium nitrite and even step-by-step instructions on how to use it for suicide. Local poison centers have records that explicitly state that patients researched this method of suicide in an online blog or forum.
The records also show that half of these patients obtained sodium nitrite online.

Sodium Nitrite is an inorganic compound.
Sodium nitrite is a white to slightly yellowish crystalline powder that is very soluble in water.
Sodium nitrite is used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.

Sodium nitrite is similar in name and used to sodium nitrate.
Both are preservatives used in processed meats, such as salami, hot dogs, and bacon.
Sodium Nitrite is a powerful oxidizing agent which is used as a preservative due to its ability to prevent the bacteria from colonizing the food.

Sodium Nitrite consists of a sodium cation (Na+) and a nitrite anion (NO2– ).
To write the formula of Sodium Nitrite go to the periodic table Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na with atomic number 11.
Sodium is a metal and the nitrate ion NO2– is a group of nonmetals.

Sodium in group I has a 1+ ionic charge (Na+1).
Nitrite has a 1- charge (NO2–).
Sodium Nitrite is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2.

In this structure, an alkali sodium atom is attached to the nitrite anion; according to Lewis structure in this nitrite anion is more stable; in this nitrite anion, a two resonance hybrid structure is possible.
Sodium nitrite is used as part of an intravenous mixture with sodium thiosulfate to treat cyanide poisoning.
Sodium nitrite is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medications needed in a basic health system.

There is also research to investigate its applicability towards treatments for heart attacks, brain aneurysms, pulmonary hypertension in infants, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
Sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate injection are used together to treat cyanide poisoning.
Cyanide poisoning is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Sodium nitrite is more likely to occur if you breathe smoke from closed-space household and industrial fires, or you have swallowed or breathe cyanide (a chemical poison), or your skin is exposed to cyanide.
Sodium nitrite is a white to yellowish crystalline powder, highly soluble in water it is available as both solid and solution.
Sodium nitrite is a highly effective corrosion inhibitor found in closed loop circuits and as an additive in industrial lubricants.

Sodium nitrite is also a chemical reagent used to manufacture products in the textile and rubber manufacturing industries.
In food, sodium nitrite is an antimicrobial salt used in the curing process of a number of meats, inhibiting the growth of bacteria and preventing spoilage.
Sodium nitrite also helps to give meats their colour and enhances flavour. Commonly known as food additive number E250, it is effective at inhibiting botulism-causing bacteria in processed meat, fish and vegetables.

Production Of Sodium nitrite:
Sodium nitrite may be prepared by the thermal decomposition of sodium nitrate, but the reduction of nitrate is usually effected by stirring lead parings or copper filings into the molten salt:
NaNO3+ Pb →PbO + NaNO2
After cooling, the mass is extracted with hot water,filtered and sodium nitrite crystallized after evaporation to small bulk.

Industrially，sodium nitrite is formed by the action of nitrogen oxide (nitric oxide) and nitrogen dioxide together, obtained by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia, on sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate solutions:
NO+NO2+2OH- →2NO2-+ HO

Sodium nitrite, yellowish-white solid, soluble, formed (1) by reaction of nitric oxide plus nitrogen dioxide and sodium carbonate or hydroxide, and then evaporating, (2) by heating sodium nitrate and lead to a high temperature, and then extracting the soluble portion (lead monoxide insoluble) with H2O and evaporating.
Used as an important reagent (diazotizing) in organic chemistry.

Industrial production of sodium nitrite follows one of two processes, the reduction of nitrate salts, or the oxidation of lower nitrogen oxides.
One method uses molten sodium nitrate as the salt, and lead which is oxidized, while a more modern method uses scrap iron filings to reduce the nitrate.
A more commonly used method involves the general reaction of nitrogen oxides in alkaline aqueous solution, with the addition of a catalyst.

The exact conditions depend on which nitrogen oxides are used, and what the oxidant is, as the conditions need to be carefully controlled to avoid over oxidation of the nitrogen atom.
Sodium nitrite has also been produced by reduction of nitrate salts by exposure to heat, light, ionizing radiation, metals, hydrogen, and electrolytic reduction.

Uses:
Sodium nitrite is a commonly used meat preservative, particularly in cured meats such as ham, hot dogs, sausages, and bacon.
The nitrite ion inhibits the growth of bacteria, particularly Clostridium botulinum, an organism that produces the deadly botulism toxin.
Sodium nitrite is also used to treat packages of red meat, such as beef.

Blood exposed to the air rapidly produces a brown color, but shoppers much prefer their meat purchases to look bright red.
Thus,the meat is treated with sodium nitrite; the nitrite ion is reduced to nitrogen monoxide, which then reacts with the hemoglobin to form a very stable bright red compound.
Sodium nitrite is true that the nitrite will prevent bacterial growth in this circumstance as well, but these days, the meat is kept at temperatures low enough to inhibit bacteria.

To persuade shoppers to prefer brownish rather than red meat will require a lot of re-education.
Now that all meats are treated with sodium nitrite, there is concern that the cooking process will cause the nitrite ion to react with amines in the meat to produce nitrosamines,compounds containing the -NNO functional group.

These compounds are known to be carcinogenic.
However, as long as preserved meats are consumed in moderation, it is generally believed that the cancer risk is minimal.

Sodium nitrite is used to fix the colors in preserved fish and meats.
Sodium nitrite is also important(along with sodium chloride) in controlling the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which causes botulism.
Lunch meats, hams, sausages, hot dogs, and bacon are usually preserved this way.

In medicines, Sodium nitrite is a vasodilator, intestinal relaxant, bronchodilator, and an antidote to cyanide and hydrogen sulfide poisoning.
Sodium nitrite is produced in the human body by the action of saliva on sodium nitrate, and is important in controlling bacteria in the stomach, to prevent gastroenteritis.
The body produces more sodium nitrite than is consumed in food.

Sodium nitrite can react with proteins in the stomach or during cooking, especially in high heat (such as frying bacon), to form carcinogenic N-nitrosamines.
To prevent this, ascorbic acid or erythorbic acid is commonly added to cured meats.
Manufacture of diazo dyes, nitroso Compounds, and in many other processes of manufacture of organic chemicals; dyeing and printing textile fabrics; bleaching flax, silk, and linen.

Sodium Nitrite is the salt of nitrous acid that functions as an antimicrobial agent and preservative.
Sodium nitrite is a slightly yellow granular powder or nearly white, opaque mass or sticks.
Sodium nitrite is deliquescent in air.

Sodium nitrite has a solubility of 1 g in 1.5 ml of water.
Sodium nitrite is used in meat curing for color fixation and development of flavor.
The main use of sodium nitrite is for the industrial production of organonitrogen compounds.

Sodium nitrite is a reagent for conversion of amines into diazo compounds, which are key precursors to many dyes, such as diazo dyes.
Nitroso compounds are produced from nitrites.
These are used in the rubber industry.

Sodium nitrite is used in a variety of metallurgical applications, for phosphatizing and detinning.
Sodium nitrite is an effective corrosion inhibitor and is used as an additive in industrial greases, as an aqueous solution in closed loop cooling systems, and in a molten state as a heat transfer medium.
Sodium nitrite is used for a variety of reasons.

Sodium nitrite’s a common preservative often used in cured meat to preserve its shelf life.
Sodium nitrite can also be used for automotive maintenance, animal control, and as part of the treatment for severe cases of cyanide poisoning.
Sodium nitrite is used in the following products: hydraulic fluids, lubricants and greases, heat transfer fluids, metal working fluids and anti-freeze products.

Sodium nitrite is used in the following areas: offshore mining.
Sodium nitrite is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, fabricated metal products and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Sodium nitrite can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and in the production of articles.

Sodium nitrite is used to speed up the curing of meat, inhibit the germination of Clostridium botulinum spores, and also impart an attractive pink color.
Nitrite reacts with the meat myoglobin to cause color changes, first converting to nitrosomyoglobin (bright red), then, on heating, to nitrosohemochrome (a pink pigment).
Historically, Sodium nitrite has been used for the preservation of meat.

The salt-preserved meat product was usually brownish-gray in color.
When sodium nitrite is added with the salt, the meat develops a red, then pink color, which is associated with cured meats such as ham, bacon, hot dogs, and bologna.
In the early 1900s, irregular curing was commonplace.

This led to further research surrounding the use of sodium nitrite as an additive in food, standardizing the amount present in foods to minimize the amount needed while maximizing its food additive role.
Through this research, sodium nitrite has been found to give taste and color to the meat and inhibit lipid oxidation that leads to rancidity, with varying degrees of effectiveness for controlling growth of disease-causing microorganisms.

The ability of sodium nitrite to address the above-mentioned issues has led to production of meat with extended storage life and has improved desirable color and taste.
According to scientists working for the meat industry, nitrite has improved food safety.
This view is disputed in the light of the possible carcinogenic effects caused by adding nitrites to meat.

Nitrite has the E number E250.
Potassium nitrite (E249) is used in the same way.
Sodium nitrite is approved for usage in the EU, USA, and Australia and New Zealand.

In meat-processing, sodium nitrite is never used in a pure state but always mixed with common salt.
This mixture is known as nitrited salt, curing salt or nitrited curing salt.
In Europe, nitrited curing salt contains between 99.1% and 99.5% common salt and between 0.5% and 0.9% nitrite.

In the US, nitrited curing salt is dosed at 6% and must be remixed with salt before use.
Sodium nitrite is used as a medication together with sodium thiosulfate to treat cyanide poisoning.
Sodium nitrite is recommended only in severe cases of cyanide poisoning.

In those who have both cyanide poisoning and carbon monoxide poisoning sodium thiosulfate by itself is usually recommended.
Sodium nitrite is given by slow injection into a vein.

Side effects can include low blood pressure, headache, shortness of breath, loss of consciousness, and vomiting.
Greater care should be taken in people with underlying heart disease.
The patient's levels of methemoglobin should be regularly checked during treatment.

While not well studied during pregnancy, there is some evidence of potential harm to the baby.
Sodium nitrite is believed to work by creating methemoglobin that then binds with cyanide and thus removes it from the mitochondria.

Sodium nitrite came into medical use in the 1920s and 1930s
Sodium nitrite is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Sodium nitrite is used in many industrial applications viz. in meat curing, coloring and preserving.

Sodium nitrite is used as a reagent in analytical chemistry, an antidote in cyanide poisoning, an electrolyte in electrochemical grinding, as a cooling solution in closed loop systems and as an additive in industrial greases.
Sodium nitrite finds application as a corrosion inhibitor as well as in the rubber industry.
In metallurgy, it is used for phosphatizing and detinning.

Sodium nitrite acts as a precursor to diazo dyes, nitroso compounds and various organic compounds like pharmaceuticals.
As a food additive, it is used to prevent botulism.
Sodium nitrite is used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in analytical chemistry.

Sodium nitrite is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning.
The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.

Toxicity:
Due to the oxidizing property of sodium nitrite, ingestion of the substance can induce methemoglobinemia as quickly as one hour after ingestion.
Methemoglobinemia occurs when the iron contained within hemoglobin is oxidized from its ferrous state (HgbFe2+) to its ferric state (HgbFe3+).
When hemoglobin is in its ferric state, it is called methemoglobin and it is unable to act as a carrier to deliver oxygen to tissues.

Symptoms of methemoglobinemia can include cyanosis and low SpO2 in the absence of respiratory distress, dizziness, syncope, dyspnea, fatigue, CNS depression, seizures, dysrhythmias, metabolic acidosis, cardiovascular collapse and death.
Generally symptoms start to occur with methemoglobin levels > 15%.
Sodium nitrite has a reported elimination half-life between 30-45 minutes when ingested or injected so does not tend to cause prolonged methemoglobinemia like that which is seen with dapsone.

Nitrite in blood is highly reactive with hemoglobin and causes methemoglobinemia.
The oxygen-carrying capacity of methemoglobin is much less than that of hemoglobin.
Human is more sensitive than rat in this respect.

So, the primary acute toxic effects of sodium nitrite in animals results from methemoglobinemia.
The secondary toxic effects of acute sodium nitrite in animals result in vasodilatation, relaxation of smooth muscle, and lowering of blood pressure.

Health Hazard:
Ingestion (or inhalation of excessive amounts of dust) causes rapid drop in blood pressure, persistent and throbbing headache, vertigo, palpitations, and visual disturbances; skin becomes flushed and sweaty, later cold and cyanotic; other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (sometimes), fainting, methemoglobinemia.
Contact with eyes causes irritation.

Dangerous fire and explosion risk when heated to 537C (1000F) or in contact with reducing materials; a strong oxidizing agent.
Carcinogen in test animals; its use in curing fish and meat products is restricted to 100 ppm.

Safety Profile:
Human poison by ingestion.
Experimental poison by ingestion, inhalation, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes.
Human systemic effects by ingestion: motor activity changes, coma, decreased blood pressure with possible pulse rate increase without fall in blood pressure, arteriolar or venous dlation, nausea or vomiting, and blood me themoglo binemiacarboxyhemoglobinemia.

Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental neoplas tigenic and tumorigenic data.
Human mutation data reported.

It may react with organic amines in the body to form carcinogenic nitrosamines.
Flammable; a strong oxidizing agent.
In contact with organic matter, will ignite by friction.

May explode when heated to over 100O0F or on contact with cyanides, NH4' salts, cellulose, LI, (K + NH3), Na2S203.
Incompatible with aminoguanidine salts, butadene, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, reductants, sodlum amide, sodmm disulfite, sodium thocyanate, urea wood.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and NaaO. See also NITRITES.

Environmental Fate:
Sodium nitrite is a strong oxidizing agent at high temperature and also is a strong supporter of combustion.
It is freely soluble in water (very soluble in water (80%) at 20 °C), and slightly soluble in ethanol (0.3%) and methanol (0.45%).
Partition coefficient in octanol–water and log Pow is equal to -3.7.

Vapor pressure is 9.9E-17 hPa (7.44E-17mmHg).
Sodium nitrite may explode on heating above 530 °C, is not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances, and gives irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.
Furthermore, based on the estimated Henry’s law constant at 25 °C ＝2.06E-07 atm-m3 mol-1 for sodium nitrite, volatilization from water and moist soil surface is not plausible.

Sodium nitrite dissociates immediately into sodium and nitrite ions in water.
Concentrations of nitrate in rainwater of up to 5mg l-1 have been observed in industrial areas.
In the air, the vapor phase of norethisterone can be degraded by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 1.1 h, while the particulate phase can be removed by wet or dry deposition.

Norethisterone is likely susceptible to photolysis by sunlight because of posing chromophores that absorb at wavelengths more than 290 nm.
Hydrolysis of norethisterone is not anticipated under environmental condition because it lacks a functional group to hydrolyze.
Indirect photo oxidation by hydroxy radicals (1500 000 molecules cm-3) is predicted to occur with a half-life estimated at 82.3 days.

Synonyms:
SODIUM NITRITE
7632-00-0
Nitrous acid, sodium salt
sodium;nitrite
Nitrite, sodium
Natrium nitrit
Nitrito sodico
Nitrite de sodium
Natrum nitrosum
Nitrous acid soda
NaNO2
Sodium nitrite [USP]
MFCD00011118
CHEMBL93268
INS NO.250
M0KG633D4F
DTXSID0020941
CHEBI:78870
INS-250
NSC-77391
Sodium Nitrite-18O2 (10% 16O2)
Sodium nitrite (USP)
DTXCID00941
Caswell No. 782
Dusitan sodny [Czech]
Azotyn sodowy [Polish]
Azotyn sodowy
Natrium nitrit [German]
Nitrito sodico [Spanish]
Nitrite de sodium [French]
CCRIS 559
CAS-7632-00-0
HSDB 757
EINECS 231-555-9
NSC 77391
UN1500
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076204
UNII-M0KG633D4F
natrium nitrite
sodium nitrit
Natrii nitris
Sodium nitrite (TN)
Sodium nitrite ACS grade
EC 231-555-9
SODIUM NITRITE [MI]
SODIUM NITRITE [FCC]
SODIUM NITRITE [HSDB]
SODIUM NITRITE [INCI]
NATRUM NITROSUM [HPUS]
SODIUM NITRITE [VANDF]
SODIUM NITRITE [MART.]
Sodium nitrite, AR, >=98%
Sodium nitrite, LR, >=98%
SODIUM NITRITE [USP-RS]
SODIUM NITRITE [WHO-DD]
SODIUM NITRITE [WHO-IP]
LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M
HMS3652K08
Nitrous acid, sodium salt (1:1)
Sodium nitrite, analytical standard
Sodium nitrite, granular, 99.5%
Sodium nitrite, Trace metals grade
Tox21_202155
Tox21_300025
s4074
SODIUM NITRITE [ORANGE BOOK]
NATRII NITRIS [WHO-IP LATIN]
SODIUM NITRITE [EP MONOGRAPH]
AKOS024427981
SODIUM NITRITE [USP MONOGRAPH]
CCG-266007
NCGC00090737-01
NCGC00090737-02
NCGC00254137-01
NCGC00259704-01
Sodium nitrite [UN1500] [Oxidizer]
BP-31053
E250
NITHIODOTE COMPONENT SODIUM NITRITE
Sodium nitrite, ACS reagent, >=97.0%
Sodium nitrite, p.a., ACS reagent, 99%
FT-0645124
S0565
SODIUM NITRITE COMPONENT OF NITHIODOTE
Sodium nitrite, 99.5%, super free-flowing
Sodium nitrite, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%
SW219150-1
Sodium nitrite, 99.999% trace metals basis
Sodium nitrite, SAJ first grade, >=97.0%
D05865
E78844
Sodium nitrite, >=99.99% trace metals basis
Sodium nitrite, JIS special grade, >=98.5%
Sodium nitrite, purum p.a., >=98.0% (RT)
Q339975
Sodium nitrite, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.0% (RT)
Sodium nitrite, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Sodium nitrite, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=97%
Sodium nitrite, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99%

When pure, Sodium Nitrite is a white to slight yellowish crystalline powder.
Sodium Nitrite is very soluble in water and is hygroscopic.
Sodium Nitrite is also slowly oxidized by oxygen in the air to sodium nitrate, NaNO3.

CAS Number: 7632-00-0
EC Number: 231-555-9
MDL number: MFCD00011118
Chemical formula: NaNO2
Molecular Formula: NO2.Na / NaNO2 / NNaO2

Sodium nitrite is effective at delaying the development of lipid peroxidation, which is the major cause of oxidative rancidity.
Sodium Nitrite acts as an antioxidant and reacts with heme proteins and metal ions to neutralize free radicals produced by nitric oxide.
Neutralizing these free radicals terminates the cycle of lipid oxidation and thereby extends the shelf life of cured meats while maintaining visual appeal and taste.

Research has shown sodium nitrite to be an effective vasodilator that could be used to treat many conditions, such as stroke, heart attack, sickle cell anemia, respiratory diseases, and fungal, bacterial, and viral infections.
Sodium Nitrite has also been shown to be useful in reducing the risk of hospital-acquired nocosomial infections that result from the insertion of medical devices such as catheters.

Sodium Nitrite is a strong reducing agent.
Sodium nitrite can be synthesized through several different chemical reactions that involve the reduction of sodium nitrite.
However, the industrial production of sodium nitrite is mainly achieved through the absorption of nitrogen oxides into an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.

Sodium Nitrite is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Sodium Nitrite, chemical formula NaNO2, is a pale straw-colored material that is highly soluble in water.
The global sodium nitrite market size was valued at USD 418.1 million in 2022 and is anticipated to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.2% from 2023 to 2030.

The demand for Sodium Nitrite is anticipated to be driven by its increasing usage in meat-curing applications.
Additionally, the growth is also fueled by the growing demand for processed meat products, including sausages, seafood, bacon, and ham.
Sodium nitrite is a component in heat transfer salts used by many branches of industry such as the chemical, petrochemical and metalworking industries.

Sodium Nitrite is easily soluble in water, resulting in weak alkaline solutions.
The preparation of solutions is accompanied by a decrease in temperature.
Sodium nitrite is soluble in aqueous ammonia and various organic solvents (such as ethanediol, propanediol and methanol).

Sodium nitrite can act as an oxidizing and reducing agent.
Iron-steel, Al and many other metals do not decompose with sodium nitrite and its solutions.
The presence of chlorides and sulfates can promote corrosion of metals.
Rubber, plastics, glass, porcelain and ceramics are resistant to sodium nitrite solutions.

Treatment of sodium nitrite solutions with acids can result in the formation of nitric acid, which rapidly decomposes into nitro gases with a pale to dark brown color.
In deisotization and nitrosation processes, nitric acid can react with other reactants before decomposing into nitrous oxide phases.
It reacts with sodium nitrite, ammonium salts, amides and mixtures containing them at room temperature.

Sodium nitrite is a yellowish-white, odorless powder.
You may notice that a small amount of Sodium Nitrite is in certain foods.
Sodium nitrite appears as a yellowish white crystalline solid. Sodium Nitrite is noncombustible but will accelerate the burning of combustible material.

If large quantities of Sodium Nitrite are involved in a fire or if the combustible material is finely divided, an explosion may result.
If contaminated by ammonium compounds, spontaneous decomposition can occur and the resulting heat may ignite surrounding combustible material.
Sodium nitrite is an inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion.

Sodium Nitrite is a nitrite salt and an inorganic sodium salt.
Sodium nitrite is a chemical compound of sodium and nitrite ions.
Sodium Nitrite's chemical formula is NaNO2.

Sodium Nitrite is a white, slightly yellowish fine crystalline, hygroscopic chemical with high water solubility.
Sodium nitrite is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2.
Sodium Nitrite is a white to slightly yellowish crystalline powder that is very soluble in water and is hygroscopic.

From an industrial perspective, Sodium Nitrite is the most important nitrite salt.
Sodium Nitrite is a precursor to a variety of organic compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, dyes, and pesticides, but it is probably best known as a food additive used in processed meats and (in some countries) in fish products.

In the early 1900s, irregular curing was commonplace.
This led to further research surrounding the use of sodium nitrite as an additive in food, standardizing the amount present in foods to minimize the amount needed while maximizing its food additive role.

Through this research, sodium nitrite has been found to give taste and color to the meat and inhibit lipid oxidation that leads to rancidity, with varying degrees of effectiveness for controlling growth of disease-causing microorganisms.
The ability of sodium nitrite to address the above-mentioned issues has led to production of meat with extended storage life and has improved desirable color and taste.
According to scientists working for the meat industry, nitrite has improved food safety.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM NITRITE:
Sodium Nitrite is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Sodium Nitrite is used in the following products: anti-freeze products, adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners and lubricants and greases.

Other release to the environment of Sodium Nitrite is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).
Release to the environment of Sodium Nitrite can occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.

Other release to the environment of Sodium Nitrite is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)), indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

Sodium Nitrite can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, Vehicles (e.g. personal vehicles, delivery vans, boats, trains, metro or planes)), machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products e.g. refrigerators, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, computers, telephones, drills, saws, smoke detectors, thermostats, radiators, large-scale stationary industrial tools) and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).

Sodium Nitrite can be found in products with material based on: metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), metal used for large surface area articles (e.g. construction and building materials used for roof sheets, pipes), metal used for packaging (excluding food packaging), metal used for furniture & furnishings (e.g. outdoor furniture, benches, tables), wood used for large surface area articles (e.g. construction and building materials for floors, claddings), wood used for furniture & furnishings and wood.

Sodium Nitrite is intended to be released from: packaging material for metal parts (releasing grease/corrosion inhibitors).
Sodium Nitrite is used in the following products: anti-freeze products, metal surface treatment products, adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, non-metal-surface treatment products and inks and toners.

Sodium Nitrite is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, offshore mining and building & construction work.
Sodium Nitrite is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles, chemicals, fabricated metal products and .
Release to the environment of Sodium Nitrite can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Other release to the environment of Sodium Nitrite is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Sodium Nitrite is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products and inks and toners.
Release to the environment of Sodium Nitrite can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

Sodium Nitrite is used in the following products: hydraulic fluids, lubricants and greases, heat transfer fluids, metal working fluids and anti-freeze products.
Sodium Nitrite is used in the following areas: offshore mining.
Sodium Nitrite is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, fabricated metal products and machinery and vehicles.

Release to the environment of Sodium Nitrite can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and in the production of articles.
Release to the environment of Sodium Nitrite can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Sodium Nitrite is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products and inks and toners.
Release to the environment of Sodium Nitrite can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

Sodium Nitrite is used in the following products: hydraulic fluids, lubricants and greases, heat transfer fluids, metal working fluids and anti-freeze products.
Sodium Nitrite is used in the following areas: offshore mining.
Sodium Nitrite is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, fabricated metal products and machinery and vehicles.

Release to the environment of Sodium Nitrite can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and in the production of articles.
Release to the environment of Sodium Nitrite can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Sodium nitrite, with chemical formula NaNO2, and molar mass of 69.00 g/mol is used as a color fixative and preservative in meats and fish.
Sodium Nitrite is also used in manufacturing diazo dyes, nitroso compounds, and other organic compounds; in dyeing and printing textile fabrics and bleaching fibers; in photography; as a laboratory reagent and a corrosion inhibitor; in metal coatings for phosphatizing and detinning; and in the manufacture of rubber chemicals.

Sodium nitrite also has been used in human and veterinary medicine as a vasodilator, a bronchodilator, an intestinal relaxant or a laxative, and an antidote for cyanide poisoning.
Sodium Nitrite is used as a Food additive.

Sodium Nitrite is used as a food additive, it serves a dual purpose in the food industry since it both alters the color of preserved fish and meats and also prevents growth of Clostridium botulinum, the bacteria which causes botulism.
In the European Union Sodium Nitrite may be used only as a mixture with salt containing at most 0.6% sodium nitrite.

Sodium Nitrite has the E number E250. Potassium nitrite (E249) is used in the same way.
Sodium Nitrite is used in many products and industrial processes, including heat transfer salts, metal treatment and finishing, meat and fish preservatives, pharmaceuticals, and as an antidote to cyanide poisoning.

Sodium Nitrite is used in many industrial applications including the manufacturing of diazo dyes, and other organic compounds used in the manufacture of organic pigments for the paint, dye and printing ink industries.
In metal processing, Sodium Nitrite is used in phosphatizing and detinning applications.

As a molten salt bath, Sodium Nitrite is used in heat treating of metal parts in the automotive and aircraft industries and as a high temperature heat-transfer medium.
Sodium Nitrite is also used in the manufacture of synthetic rubbers and rubber chemicals.
Due to its anti-corrosion properties, Sodium Nitrite solution is also used as a heat transfer fluid in Thermal Energy Storage units for large air-conditioning or process cooling applications.

Sodium nitrite is used in many industrial applications viz. in meat curing, coloring and preserving.
Sodium Nitrite is used as a reagent in analytical chemistry, an antidote in cyanide poisoning, an electrolyte in electrochemical grinding, as a cooling solution in closed loop systems and as an additive in industrial greases.

Sodium Nitrite finds application as a corrosion inhibitor and in the rubber industry.
In metallurgy, Sodium Nitrite is used for phosphatizing and detinning.
Sodium Nitrite acts as a precursor to diazo dyes, nitroso compounds and various organic compounds like pharmaceuticals.

As a food additive, Sodium Nitrite is used to prevent botulism.
Sodium nitrite is a salt and an antioxidant that is used to cure meats like ham, bacon and hot dogs.
Nitrite salts are a key ingredient in many industrial processes, and sodium nitrite is the most important of them.
Sodium Nitrite is a precursor to several organic compounds used in pesticides, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.

Sodium Nitrite is best known for its use as an additive in processed meats and fish, but it is also a major compound used in metallurgy and pharmaceuticals.
Sodium nitrite is used as a heat transfer medium and for phosphatizing and detinning in the production of steel and aluminum alloys.
Sodium Nitrite is an anodic inhibitor that effectively interferes with the metal dissolution process.

As the sodium nitrite reacts with dissolved oxygen, Sodium Nitrite forms a protective gamma iron oxide film on metal surfaces and reduces the rate of corrosion.
When mixed with nitrite salts, sodium nitrite can be used to create a molten salt bath that is stable at high temperatures, has a low melting point and high heat transfer rate, and is non-corrosive to steel.

These molten salt baths are used for indirect heating and cooling or as a quenching bath in the process of annealing iron and steel.
As a result, sodium nitrite offers excellent protection for ferrous metals, such as those used in closed-loop water systems.
Since sodium nitrite functions best at a pH range of 9.0-10.5, it is often formulated with borate buffers in closed-loop systems.

When combined with sodium nitrite, borates help to facilitate the absorption of oxygen and provide microbiological control.
Sodium nitrite is commonly used as an aqueous solution in closed-loop heating and cooling systems.
Thanks to its corrosion-inhibiting properties, Sodium Nitrite is also used as an additive in industrial greases used in medium-speed, moderate-temperature applications on chassis, gears, wheel bearings, ball bearings, conveyors, machine parts, and other moving parts.

Sodium nitrite is used many other industrial processes, such as an acid neutralizer after chromium tanning in leather manufacturing and as a raw material for baking powder as a food additive.
Sodium Nitrite is used in synthesizing, processing, and purifying chemicals and polymers and serves as a catalyst, neutralizing, and buffering agent.

Sodium nitrite is a safe and effective chemical used for the biological control of wastewater treatment.
Sodium Nitrite helps maintain proper pH levels in wastewater, control sulfide odors, and reduces the demand for biological oxygen.
Sodium Nitrite is also proven to be one of the most effective collectors of sulfur dioxide.

Due to its odor-absorbing properties, and Sodium Nitrite is used in deodorizers for carpets, refrigerators, and garbage containers.
Sodium Nitrite is even used in the agricultural industry as a buffer to maintain the pH levels of rumens and alleviate butterfat depressions due to diets low in fiber and to aid in fiber digestibility.

In the poultry industry, sodium nitrite is used to maintain electrolyte balance, improve tolerance to heat stress, and improve eggshell quality.
Sodium Nitrite is used in tank rinsers used for the production of azo dyes, the production of diazo compounds, the production of nitroso and isonitrozo compounds, the stabilization of nitric acid gases, the delivery and storage of butadiene.

Sodium Nitrite is used as an accelerator during phosphating; in the preparation of baths for hot-worked metals; steel deposition and cast iron; as an additive to alkaline pickling baths of aluminum and aluminum alloys.
Sodium Nitrite is used in neutral cleaner and deactivating baths.

In water recovery systems, cooling water and cooling liquids (antifreezes); in crushing oils, hydraulic fluids, lubricants, extinguishers; in chemical processes; in the production of solid and liquid anti-corrosion agents; in the production of emulsion paints; antioxidant for special soaps; additive for glazing of glass raw materials; in water circulation systems; as an additive in concrete with special properties; as an anti-corrosion agent for steel and iron.

Sodium Nitrite is used in the production of products used to protect oil fuel tanks from corrosion.
Sodium Nitrite is used as a preservative in foods.
Sodium Nitrite inhibits bacterial growth and discoloration, generally

Sodium Nitrite finds its application in several industries including pharmaceuticals, textiles, and food & beverages.
Sodium Nitrite is employed as a preservative, mainly in the meat processing sector, because it serves as a color fixative and acts as an antioxidant and antimicrobial, preventing the growth of toxic bacterial microbes that spoil the food.

Sodium Nitrite is not only used in meat but in other perishable foods to prevent decay and maintain taste & freshness.
Sodium Nitrite is used as a food preservative, and to make other chemicals.
Sodium Nitrite is used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.

Sodium Nitrite has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative, an antihypertensive agent, a food antioxidant, a poison and an antidote to cyanide poisoning.
Sodium Nitrite is used mainly as a color fixative and preservative in meats and fish.
Sodium nitrite may also be used in organic synthesis, in dyeing and printing textile fabrics, in photography, as a laboratory reagent and a corrosion inhibitor, and in the manufacture of rubber chemicals.

Sodium nitrite also has been used in human and veterinary medicine as a vasodilator, a bronchodilator, and an antidote for cyanide poisoning.
Nitrite is a toxic compound known to cause methemoglobinemia.
Listed in the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, sodium nitrite is an effective drug for cyanide poisoning.

Sodium Nitrite is used as a humane toxin for wild boar control.
Sodium Nitrite is responsible for the desirable red colour in meat.
Sodium Nitrite is used as a food additive.

Sodium Nitrite is sodium salt of nitric acid, it is used as a preservative additive in foods.
In addition, studies have shown that sodium nitrite in the human body carries out the formation of new vessels and studies on this subject are continuing.
Sodium nitrite is an effective corrosion inhibitor and is used as an additive in industrial greases, as an aqueous solution in closed loop cooling systems, and in a molten state as a heat transfer medium.
Sodium Nitrite is used in a variety of metallurgical applications, for phosphatizing and detinning.

-Major Industrial Applications of Sodium Nitrite:
A major use of sodium nitrite is in the industrial production of organonitrogen compounds commonly used in pesticides.
Sodium Nitrite is also used as a reagent in the conversion of amines into diazo compounds and other organic compounds that are used in the production of dyes, pigments, and printing ink.
Sodium nitrite is also used in the synthesis of nitrites used to produce nitroso compounds that are used in the rubber and plastic industries as a blowing agent.

-Sodium nitrite is used as a medication together with sodium thiosulfate to treat cyanide poisoning.
Sodium Nitrite is recommended only in severe cases of cyanide poisoning.
In those who have both cyanide poisoning and carbon monoxide poisoning sodium thiosulfate by itself is usually recommended.
Sodium Nitrite is given by slow injection into a vein.

-In meat-processing, sodium nitrite is never used in a pure state but always mixed with common salt.
This mixture is known as nitrited salt, curing salt or nitrited curing salt.
In Europe, nitrited curing salt contains between 99.1% and 99.5% common salt and between 0.5% and 0.9% nitrite.
In the US, nitrited curing salt is dosed at 6% and must be remixed with salt before use.

-Medicine:
Sodium Nitrite is used as an antidote to treat cyanide poisoning.

-Food:
In the food sector, Sodium Nitrite with the E 250 number is used as a preservative.
Sodium Nitrite also combines with the myoglobin in the meat to produce and maintain the bright pink-red color of the processed meat.

-Health:
Sodium Nitrite is used to prevent the growth of clostridium botulinum bacteria, which is very dangerous for human health.

-For textile dyeing and printing:
Dyeing and printing diazotization; oxidation of printing and dyeing with colorless barrel dyes; protection against reduction during printing and dyeing with certain vat dyes.
Sodium Nitrite is used to trigger accelerated oxidation of barrel paints that resist reoxidation.

-Chemistry:
Sodium Nitrite is used in laboratories to remove excess sodium products.

-Food additive and preservative:
Sodium nitrite is used to speed up the curing of meat, inhibit the germination of clostridium botulinum spores, and also impart an attractive pink color.
Nitrite reacts with the meat myoglobin to cause color changes, first converting to nitrosomyoglobin (bright red), then, on heating, to nitrosohemochrome (a pink pigment).
Historically, salt has been used for the preservation of meat.
The salt-preserved meat product was usually brownish-gray in color.
When sodium nitrite is added with the salt, the meat develops a red, then pink color, which is associated with cured meats such as ham, bacon, hot dogs, and bologna.

-Industrial chemistry:
The main use of sodium nitrite is for the industrial production of organonitrogen compounds.
Sodium Nitrite is a reagent for conversion of amines into diazo compounds, which are key precursors to many dyes, such as diazo dyes.
Nitroso compounds are produced from nitrites.
hese are used in the rubber industry.

-Pharmaceutical Applications of Sodium Nitrite:
The use of sodium nitrite in the pharmaceutical industry started in the 1920s and 1930s, and it is listed on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medications.
Sodium Nitrite's most common use in the pharmaceutical industry is in the treatment of cyanide poisoning.
Sodium Nitrite is mixed with sodium thiosulfate and used as an injection.
Sodium nitrite has also proven to be an effective treatment for hydrogen sulfide poisoning.
Sodium Nitrite is also used as a raw ingredient in the synthesis of saccharines and caffeine.

WHAT IS SODIUM NITRITE USED FOR?
You’ll see sodium nitrite in some cured meats to help them last longer.
You might also notice Sodium Nitrite used for:
*A preservative in fish
*Animal control purposes
*Car maintenance
*Metal treatment and finishing
*Treatment in some cases of cyanide poisoning
*Certain medications

THE CHEMISTRY OF SODIUM NITRITE:
Sodium nitrite is an inorganic salt with the chemical formula NaNO2.
Sodium Nitrite can be in the form of a yellowish-white crystalline granule, powder, or rod.
Sodium Nitrite is odorless and noncombustible but can assist in the burning of other combustible materials.
As an ionic compound, Sodium Nitrite can be used as a strong reducing agent.
When dissolved in an acid solution, Sodium Nitrite becomes a strong oxidizer.

THE FOOD ADDITIVE SODIUM NITRITE MAY BE SAFELY USED IN OR ON SPECIFIED FOODS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FOLLOWING PRESCRIBED CONDITIONS:
(a) Sodium Nitrite is used or intended for use as follows:
(1) Sodium Nitrite is used as a color fixative in smoked cured tunafish products so that the level of sodium nitrite does not exceed 10 parts per million (0.001 percent) in the finished product.

(2) Sodium Nitrite is used as a preservative and color fixative, with or without sodium nitrate, in smoked, cured sablefish, smoked, cured salmon, and smoked, cured shad so that the level of sodium nitrite does not exceed 200 parts per million and the level of sodium nitrate does not exceed 500 parts per million in the finished product.

(3) Sodium Nitrite is used as a preservative and color fixative, with sodium nitrate, in meat-curing preparations for the home curing of meat and meat products (including poultry and wild game), with directions for use which limit the amount of sodium nitrite to not more than 200 parts per million in the finished meat product, and the amount of sodium nitrate to not more than 500 parts per million in the finished meat product.

HOW SODIUM NITRITE IS USED IN MEAT CURING AND PRESERVING?
The most common use of sodium nitrite in the food industry is as an additive that speeds up the curing process of meats and fish.
When sodium nitrite is added to meat, it reacts with myoglobin and causes color changes.
At first, the myoglobin is converted to nitrosomyoglobin, which results in a bright red color.
Then when heated, the nitrosomyoglobin is converted to nitrosohemochrome, resulting in a pink color.
When used for curing, sodium nitrite is always mixed with salt in what is commonly referred to as pink salt.
This mixture typically only contains 0.5% to 0.9% sodium nitrite.

PRODUCTION AND REACTIONS OF SODIUM NITRITE:
Sodium hydroxide can be obtained by treatment with nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide.
2 NaOH + NO2 + NO? 2 NaNO2 + H2O
Sodium nitrite can be reduced to enter the reaction to destroy excess sodium products.
2 NaN 3 + 2 NaNO 2 + 2 H +? 3 N2 + 2 NO + 2 Na + 2 H2O
Sodium nitrite can be converted to nitric acid by reacting with gastric acid.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF SODIUM NITRITE:
In the laboratory, sodium nitrite can be used to destroy excess sodium azide.
2NaN3+2NaNO2+4H+⟶3N2+2NO+4Na+ +2H2O
Above 330 °C sodium nitrite decomposes (in air) to sodium oxide, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide.
2NaNO2⟶Na2O+NO+NO2
Sodium nitrite can also be used in the production of nitrous acid:
2NaNO2+H2SO4⟶2HNO2+Na2SO4
The nitrous acid then, under normal conditions, decomposes:
2HNO2⟶NO2+NO+H2O
The resulting nitrogen dioxide hydrolyzes to a mixture of nitric and nitrous acids:
2NO2+H2O⟶HNO3+HNO2

PRODUCTION OF SODIUM NITRITE:
Industrial production of sodium nitrite follows one of two processes, the reduction of nitrate salts, or the oxidation of lower nitrogen oxides.
One method uses molten Sodium Nitrite as the salt, and lead which is oxidized, while a more modern method uses scrap iron filings to reduce the nitrate.
A more commonly used method involves the general reaction of nitrogen oxides in alkaline aqueous solution, with the addition of a catalyst.
The exact conditions depend on which nitrogen oxides are used, and what the oxidant is, as the conditions need to be carefully controlled to avoid over oxidation of the nitrogen atom.
Sodium nitrite has also been produced by reduction of nitrate salts by exposure to heat, light, ionizing radiation, metals, hydrogen, and electrolytic reduction.

COLOR AND TASTE:
The appearance and taste of meat is an important component of consumer acceptance.
Sodium nitrite is responsible for the desirable red color (or shaded pink) of meat.
Very little nitrite is needed to induce this change.
Sodium Nitrite has been reported that as little as 2 to 14 parts per million (ppm) is needed to induce this desirable color change.
However, to extend the lifespan of this color change, significantly higher levels are needed.
The mechanism responsible for this color change is the formation of nitrosylating agents by nitrite, which has the ability to transfer nitric oxide that subsequently reacts with myoglobin to produce the cured meat color.
The unique taste associated with cured meat is also affected by the addition of sodium nitrite.
However, the mechanism underlying this change in taste is still not fully understood.

INHIBITION OF MICROBIAL PATHOGENES:
In conjunction with salt and pH levels, sodium nitrite reduces the ability of clostridium botulinum spores to grow to the point of producing toxin.
Some dry-cured meat products are manufactured without nitrites.
For example, Parma ham, which has been produced without nitrite since 1993, was reported in 2018 to have caused no cases of botulism.
Sodium nitrite has shown varying degrees of effectiveness for controlling growth of other spoilage or disease causing microorganisms.
Although the inhibitory mechanisms are not well known, its effectiveness depends on several factors including residual nitrite level, pH, salt concentration, reductants present and iron content.
The type of bacteria also affects sodium nitrite's effectiveness.
It is generally agreed that sodium nitrite is not effective for controlling Gram-negative enteric pathogens such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli.
Other food additives (such as lactate and sorbate) provide similar protection against bacteria, but do not provide the desired pink color.

INHIBITION OF LIPID PEROXIDATION:
Sodium nitrite is also able to effectively delay the development of oxidative rancidity.
Lipid peroxidation is considered to be a major reason for the deterioration of quality of meat products (rancidity and unappetizing flavors).
Sodium nitrite acts as an antioxidant in a mechanism similar to the one responsible for the coloring effect.
Nitrite reacts with heme proteins and metal ions, neutralizing free radicals by nitric oxide (one of its byproducts).
Neutralization of these free radicals terminates the cycle of lipid oxidation that leads to rancidity.

SODIUM NITRITE SERVES A VITAL PUBLIC HEALTH FUNCTION:
Sodium Nitrite blocks the growth of botulism-causing bacteria and prevents spoilage.
Nitrite also gives cured meats their characteristic color and flavor.
In addition,United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) sponsored research indicates that nitrite can help prevent the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, an environmental bacterium that can cause illness in some at-risk populations.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM NITRITE:
Chemical formula: NaNO2
Molar mass: 68.9953 g/mol
Appearance: white or slightly yellowish solid
Density: 2.168 g/cm3
Melting point: 271 °C (520 °F; 544 K) (decomposes at 320 °C)
Solubility in water: 71.4 g/100 mL (0 °C), 84.8 g/100 mL (25 °C), 160 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility: soluble in methanol (4.4 g/100 mL) ethanol
slightly soluble in diethyl ether (0.3 g/100 mL)
very soluble in ammonia
Acidity (pKa): ~9
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −14.5·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.65
Crystal structure: orthorhombic
Space group: Im2m
Lattice constant: a = 3.5653(8) Å, b = 5.5728(7) Å, c = 5.3846(13) Å
Formula units (Z): 2

Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 106 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −359 kJ/mol[2]
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵): −295 kJ/mol

Molecular Weight: 68.995 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 68.98267252 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 68.98267252 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.5Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 4
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 13.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical state: solid, Crystalline powder
Color: white, light yellow
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 271 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 820 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
Not applicable for inorganic substances
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 2,168 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available

CAS number: 7632-00-0
PubChem: 24269
ChemSpider: 22689
UNII: M0KG633D4F
EC Number: 231-555-9
UN number: 1500
CHEMBL93268
RTECS number: RA1225000
ATC code: V03AB08
Molecular formula: NaNO2
Molar mass: 68,9953 g / mol
Appearance: white or slightly yellowish solid
Density: 2.168 g / cm3
Melting point: 271 ° C, 544 K, 520 ° F (dec.)
Solubility in water: 84.8 g / 100 ml (25 ° C)
Solubility: (4.4 g / 100 mL) soluble in methanol ethanol
Very low soluble in diethyl ether (0.3 g / 100 mL) Very soluble in ammonia
Acidity (pKa): ~ 9
Refractive index (nD): 1.65
Structure: Crystal structure
R-phrases: R8, R25, R50
S-phrases: (S1 / 2), S45, S61
Auto-ignition temperature: 489 ° C

CAS number: 7632-00-0
EC index number: 007-010-00-4
EC number: 231-555-9
Grade: ACS,Reag. Ph Eur
Hill Formula: NNaO₂
Chemical formula: NaNO₂
Molar Mass: 69.00 g/mol
HS Code: 2834 10 00
Density: 2.168 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 280 °C (decomposition)
pH value: 9 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Bulk density: 1200 kg/m3
Solubility: 820 g/l
Name: Sodium Nitrite
Appearance: White crystalline solid
Chemical Formula: NaNO2
Melting Point: 271 °C
Boiling Point: Decomposes above 320 °C
Density: 2.17 g/cm³
Molar Mass: 68.9953 g/mol
Solubility in Water: Soluble
CAS: 7632-00-0
Molecular Formula: NNaO2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 69.00
MDL Number: MFCD00011118
InChI Key: LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M

Melting Point: 271°C
Color: White
Physical Form: Crystals
Quantity: 100 g
Assay Percent Range: 99.999% (metals basis)
Solubility Information: Soluble in water,methanol,ethanol,ammonia,nitric acid.
Slightly soluble diethyl ether.
Formula Weight: 69
Odor: Odorless
Sensitivity: Hygroscopic
Density: 2.17
Chemical Name or Material: Sodium nitrite
Compound Formula: NNaO2
Molecular Weight: 69
Appearance: Slightly yellowish or white crystals
Melting Point: 271 °C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 2.17 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 68.982673
Monoisotopic Mass: 68.982673

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM NITRITE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM NITRITE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
*Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM NITRITE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM NITRITE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM NITRITE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
hygroscopic

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM NITRITE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

SYNONYMS:
SODIUM NITRITE
7632-00-0
Nitrous acid, sodium salt
sodium;nitrite
Nitrite, sodium
Natrium nitrit
Nitrito sodico
Nitrite de sodium
Natrum nitrosum
Nitrous acid soda
NaNO2
Sodium nitrite [USP]
MFCD00011118
CHEMBL93268
INS NO.250
M0KG633D4F
DTXSID0020941
CHEBI:78870
INS-250
NSC-77391
Sodium Nitrite-18O2 (10% 16O2)
Sodium nitrite (USP)
DTXCID00941
Caswell No. 782
Dusitan sodny [Czech]
Azotyn sodowy [Polish]
Azotyn sodowy
Natrium nitrit [German]
Nitrito sodico [Spanish]
Nitrite de sodium [French]
CCRIS 559
CAS-7632-00-0
HSDB 757
EINECS 231-555-9
NSC 77391
UN1500
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076204
UNII-M0KG633D4F
natrium nitrite
sodium nitrit
Natrii nitris
Sodium nitrite (TN)
Sodium nitrite ACS grade
EC 231-555-9
SODIUM NITRITE [MI]
SODIUM NITRITE [FCC]
SODIUM NITRITE [HSDB]
SODIUM NITRITE [INCI]
NATRUM NITROSUM [HPUS]
SODIUM NITRITE [VANDF]
SODIUM NITRITE [MART.]
Sodium nitrite, AR, >=98%
Sodium nitrite, LR, >=98%
SODIUM NITRITE [USP-RS]
SODIUM NITRITE [WHO-DD]
SODIUM NITRITE [WHO-IP]
HMS3652K08
Nitrous acid, sodium salt (1:1)
Sodium nitrite, analytical standard
Sodium nitrite, granular, 99.5%
Sodium nitrite, Trace metals grade
Tox21_202155
Tox21_300025
s4074
SODIUM NITRITE [ORANGE BOOK]
SODIUM NITRITE [EP MONOGRAPH]
AKOS024427981
SODIUM NITRITE [USP MONOGRAPH]
CCG-266007
NCGC00090737-01
NCGC00090737-02
NCGC00254137-01
NCGC00259704-01
Sodium nitrite [UN1500]
BP-31053
E250
NITHIODOTE COMPONENT SODIUM NITRITE
Sodium nitrite, ACS reagent, >=97.0%
Sodium nitrite, p.a., ACS reagent, 99%
FT-0645124
S0565
SODIUM NITRITE COMPONENT OF NITHIODOTE
Sodium nitrite, 99.5%, super free-flowing
Sodium nitrite, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%
SW219150-1
Sodium nitrite, 99.999% trace metals basis
Sodium nitrite, SAJ first grade, >=97.0%
D05865
E78844
Sodium nitrite, >=99.99% trace metals basis
Sodium nitrite, JIS special grade, >=98.5%
Sodium nitrite, purum p.a., >=98.0% (RT)
Q339975
Sodium nitrite, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.0% (RT)
Sodium nitrite, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Sodium nitrite, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=97%
Sodium nitrite, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99%

DESCRIPTION:

Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is an anionic surfactant derived from sarcosine used as a foaming and cleansing agent in shampoo, shaving foam, toothpaste, and foam wash products.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is amphiphilic due to the hydrophobic 12-carbon chain (lauroyl) and the hydrophilic carboxylate.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is a synthetic anionic surfactant that is widely used in various personal care and cosmetic products.

CAS NUMBER: 137-16-6

EC NUMBER: 205-281-5

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C15H28NNaO3

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 293.38 g/mol

DESCRIPTION:

Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate belongs to the family of sarcosinates and is derived from sarcosine, a natural amino acid.
pH-sensitive vesicles can be prepared using this surfactant with another cationic or water-insoluble amphiphiles such as 1-decanol.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is a compound of synthetic or vegetable origin.
As a surfactant, Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate most often functions as a cleaning agent, which also acts as an emulsifier.
Due to its properties, Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is used in cleansing products for the face and body, as well as in shampoos.

Widely Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is used in various industries such as cosmetics, detergents, household and industrial cleaning.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is the name of an anionic surfactant from the group of surfactants.
The chemical name of this substance is N-lauroylsarcosine sodium salt.
Alternative names for this compound are sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate and Sarcosyl NL.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate exists both as a solid and in the form of an aqueous solution with an active substance concentration of about 30%.

Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is usually used as a secondary surfactant in a concentration range of 1-5%.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is a safe amino acid-based surfactant that works well with a variety of glycols, silicones, solvents, and phosphate esters, making it very versatile in cosmetic formulations.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate offers excellent chemical stability and is known for a skin-friendly pH that does not cause additional irritation.

Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is a versatile surfactant commonly used in various personal care and cosmetic products due to its excellent cleansing and foaming properties.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate's mildness compared to other surfactants like sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) makes it suitable for a wide range of applications.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is a cleansing agent that enhances the lather effect which helps in the effectiveness of many cosmetic products.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is often chosen as one of the substrates of cosmetic formulations due to its ease of use and its effectiveness.

Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate can be used together with SLS-containing and SLS-free preparations.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate has mild degreasing properties that help restore softness and hydration to the skin.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is especially useful in haircare products, where it adds volume and helps to smooth the surface of the hair follicles.
Thanks to these properties, the effect of well-nourished and smooth hair is obtained.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate has some antistatic properties (prevents static electricity in the hair), which further increase its usefulness in haircare products.

In addition, Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate plays a preservative role in care products and reduces the highly irritating effect of other substances.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is an effective surfactant, meaning it has both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts.
This allows it to lower the surface tension between liquids and facilitate the mixing of oil and water.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is commonly used in products like shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers to produce a rich and stable lather, enhancing the cleansing experience.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is often used in products targeted at individuals with sensitive skin.

Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is generally considered more environmentally friendly and biodegradable compared to some other surfactants.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is used as an ingredient in shampoos, face cleansers for children and adults, bath lotions and toothpastes.
In addition, Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate can be found in intimate hygiene liquids or make-up removal products.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is also used in household detergents and their professional counterparts for industrial applications, for cleaning surfaces, in particular for cleaning vehicles.

Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is a highly active substance and at the same time it is very gentle to the skin.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is an ionic detergent used to purify membrane proteins.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is a surfactant that is used in water treatment, wastewater treatment, and as a detergent.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is also used as an analytical tool for the titration calorimetry of sodium salts.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is a sodium salt that belongs to the group of sodium salts. It has been shown to have biological properties such as permeability through
human serum and biodegradability.
The salt form of Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate has an electrochemical impedance spectrum which can be used to identify it.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is a white powder derived from sarcosine, which make it is fate-free and biodegradable.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is amphiphilic due to the hydrophobic 12-carbon chain (lauroyl) and the hydrophilic carboxylate.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is personal care products as well as in household and industrial applications, and it is used as a co-surfactant in cleanser formulations such as shampoos and body washes.

Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate can also be used in oral care applications such as toothpastes and incorporated into syndet and combo bars.
The typical usage levels range from 1-5% on an active basis.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is a cleansing agent that is widely used in products like shampoos, toothpastes and other wash products.

Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate produces a generous amount of foam that makes the application and feel of the products much better.
In its raw form, SSodium N-lauroylsarcosinate can be either powder or liquid that is mild in nature.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is basically the salt of lauryl sarcosinate.
The chemical formula of Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is C15H28NNaO3.

USAGE:

Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate helps to clean the hair and scalp effectively while producing a creamy lather.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is used for its cleansing and foaming properties in face washes and cleansing creams.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate helps in providing a smooth and comfortable shave.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is used for handwashing and body cleansing.

Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is commonly found in hair care products as it effectively cleanses the hair and scalp while producing a rich and stable lather.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is used in both regular shampoos and sulfate-free or milder formulations.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is a key ingredient in body washes and shower gels, providing effective cleansing and a luxurious foaming experience.
This surfactant is often included in shaving products to aid in providing a smooth surface for shaving, reducing friction, and enhancing the overall shaving experience.

Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is used in toothpaste formulations to help disperse ingredients and create a smooth texture.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate also contributes to the foaming action during brushing.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is commonly used in liquid hand soaps for handwashing and body cleansing, offering a balance of cleansing and mildness.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate can be found in pre-moistened cleansing wipes, which are convenient for quick and on-the-go cleansing.
Due to its mildness, Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is used in baby shampoos, body washes, and bath products.

Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate may also be found in intimate washes and feminine hygiene products.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate can be present in cleansing lotions or creams used for removing impurities and makeup while maintaining a gentle touch.
Because of its mild and non-irritating nature, Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is often used in products specially formulated for sensitive skin.

APPLICATIONS:

Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is mild, biodegradable anionic surfactants derived from sarcosine used as a foaming and cleansing agent in shampoo, shaving foam, toothpaste, and foam wash products. The surfactant is amphiphilic due to the hydrophobic 12-carbon chain (lauroyl) and the hydrophilic carboxylate.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is a high foam, eco-friendly surfactant.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate has good chlorine stability with anti-corrosion properties.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate has excellent ocular tolerance and gentleness.

Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is often seen in shampoos, bath, cleansing and shaving products as a foaming agent, surfactant, and hair conditioning agent.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate has the ability to enhance the appearance and feel of hair by improving body, suppleness and sheen, especially in hair that is chemically damaged.
This ingredient also serves to clean skin and hair by mixing with oil and dirt and enabling them to be rinsed away.
As a modified fatty acid, Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is thought to be more soluble, and have increased crystallinity and acidity compared to its original fatty acid composition.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-water-soluble,
-pH value in the range of 7.5 – 8.5,
-solid form: colourless substance,
-aqueous solution: colourless to light yellow liquid,
-molecular weight: 293.38 u.

ADVANTAGES:

-as a primary and secondary surfactant, it is gentle on the skin,
-excellent washing properties,
-very good foaming properties, also in a higher pH range,
-Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is biodegradable,
-Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is obtained from natural plant materials,
-Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is responsible for the long-lasting comfort and softness of the skin,
-suitable for use in children’s skincare preparations,
-Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate is hypoallergenic and non-comedogenic,
-Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate has an antistatic and conditioning effect on the hair.

FUNCTION:

-Antistatic
-Cleansing
-Emulsifying
-Foaming
-Surfactant

SPECIFICATIONS:

-Molecular Weight: 293.38 g/mol
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
-Rotatable Bond Count: 12
-Exact Mass: 293.19668804 g/mol
-Monoisotopic Mass: 293.19668804 g/mol
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 60.4Å²
-Heavy Atom Count: 20
-Complexity: 260
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

CHARACTERISTICS:

-PSA： 60.4
-XLogP3： 2.11560
-Appearance： White Powder
-Density： 1.033 g/mL at 20 °C
-Melting Point： 46 °C
-Boiling Point： 100ºC
-Flash Point： 267℃
-Water Solubility： soluble in water (293 g/L).
-Storage Conditions： room temp
-Vapor Pressure： 0.02 hPa (20 °C)

PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Formula: C₁₅H₂₈NNaO₃
-Appearance: White to Off-White Solid
-Melting Point: 147-150°C
-Molecular Weight: 293.38
-Chemical Formula
-Smiles: CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CC(=O)[O-].[Na+]
-Melting Point: 146 °C
-Density: 1.14 g/cm3
-Vapour Pressure: 0.02 hPa

SPECIFICATIONS:

-Appearance: White to Almost white powder to crystal
-Purity(with Total Nitrogen): min. 98.0 %(calcd.on anh.substance)
-Water max.: 7.0 %
-Suitability for protein-analysis: to pass test

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Density: 1.14 g/cm3 (20 °C)
-Flash point: 267 °C
-Melting Point: 146 °C
-pH value: 8 (30 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
-Vapor pressure: 0.02 hPa (20 °C)
-Bulk density: 400 kg/m3

STORAGE:

Should be stored at 4°C.

SYNONYM:

137-16-6
Sodium lauroylsarcosinate
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate
N-Lauroylsarcosine sodium salt
Sarkosyl NL
Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate
Gardol
Sarkosyl
Medialan LL-99
Sarcosyl NL
Maprosyl 30
Compound 105
Hamposyl L-30
Sarcosyl NL 30
Sarkosyl NL 30
Sarkosyl NL 35
Sarkosyl NL 97
Sarkosyl NL 100
Glycine, N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)-, sodium salt
Sodium lauroylsarcosine
Caswell No. 778B
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosine
N-Lauroylsarcosine, sodium
Lauroylsarcosine sodium salt
MFCD00042728
N-Lauroylsarcosine, sodium salt
sodium lauroyl sarcosine
EINECS 205-281-5
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000174
NSC 117874
N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycine, sodium salt
n-lauryl sarcosine sodium salt
Lauroylsarcosine (sodium)
DTXSID0027066
UNII-632GS99618
Sarcosine, N-lauroyl-, sodium salt
sodium 2-(N-methyldodecanamido)acetate
sodium [dodecanoyl(methyl)amino]acetate
632GS99618
EC 205-281-5
N-Methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)glycine, sodium salt
Sodium N-Dodecanoylsarcosinate
N-Methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)glycine sodium salt (1:1)
Glycine, N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)-, sodium salt (1:1)
N-Dodecanoylsarcosine Sodium Salt
Lauroylsarcosine (sodium salt)
NSC-117874
SODIUM N-LAUROYL SARCOSINATE
Sodium N-dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate
N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycine sodium salt
starbld0009501
GARDOL [MI]
MEDIALAN LL-33
N-Lauroylsarcosine-S-salt
Sodium N- lauroylsarcosinate
SCHEMBL23451
C15H29NO3.Na
Lauroylsarcosine, Sodium Salt
DTXCID907066
CHEMBL1903482
C15-H29-N-O3.Na
KSAVQLQVUXSOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M
SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINE 1KG
Tox21_202996
AKOS015901704
SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE [II]
NCGC00164323-01
NCGC00260541-01
SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE [INCI]
AS-81025
CAS-137-16-6
SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE [VANDF]
sodium;2-[dodecanoyl(methyl)amino]acetate
HY-125920
LS-178955
SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE [USP-RS]
CS-0103267
FT-0631797
L0019
S0597

IUPAC NAME:

2-[dodecanoyl(methyl)amino]acetic acid; sodium
N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycine sodium salt, Sarkosyl NL, Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate
N-Lauroylsarcosine, sodium salt
N-Methyl-N-(1-Oxododecyl)Glycine, Sodium Salt
ORAMIX L 30
sodium 2-(N-methyldodecanamido)acetate
sodium 2-[dodecanoyl(methyl)amino]acetate
sodium [dodecanoyl(methyl)amino]acetate
SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE
SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE
Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate
Sodium Lauryl Sarconinate
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate
sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate/Sodium lauroylsarcosinate
Sodium-N-Lauroylsarcosinate

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, also known as sarkosyl, is a white powder derived from sarcosine, which make it is fate-free and biodegradable.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is a white powder.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is totally eco-friendly.

CAS Number: 137-16-6
EC Number: 205-281-5
MDL Number:MFCD00042728
Chemical formula: C15H28NNaO3

Lauroylsarcosine sodium salt, Maprosyl 30, Medialan LL-99, N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycine, sodium salt, N-Lauroylsarcosine, sodium, N-Lauroylsarcosine, sodium salt, Sarcosyl NL, Sarcosyl NL 30, Sarkosyl NL, Sarkosyl NL 100, Sarkosyl NL 30, Sarkosyl NL 35, Sarkosyl NL 97, Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate, Sodium N-lauroylsarcosine, Sodium lauroylsarcosine, Glycine, N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)-, sodium salt, Sarcosine, N-lauroyl-, sodium salt (8CI), Gardol, Glycine, N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)-, sodium salt, Hamposyl L-30, Lauroylsarcosine sodium salt, Maprosyl 30, Medialan LL-99, N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycine, sodium salt, N-Lauroylsarcosine, sodium, N-Lauroylsarcosine, sodium salt, N-Methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)glycine, sodium salt, Sarcosine, N-lauroyl-, sodium salt, Sarcosyl NL, Sarcosyl NL 30, Sarkosyl NL, Sarkosyl NL 100, Sarkosyl NL 30, Sarkosyl NL 35, Sarkosyl NL 97, Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate, Sodium N-lauroylsarcosine, Sodium lauroylsarcosinate, Sodium lauroylsarcosine, 137-16-6, 205-281-5, GARDOL, GARDOL [MI], MEDIALAN LL-33, MEDIALAN LL-99, N-LAUROYLSARCOSINE SODIUM SALT, N-METHYL-N-(1-OXODODECYL)GLYCINE SODIUM SALT (1:1), NSC-117874, SARKOSYL, SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE [II], SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE [INCI], SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE [USP-RS], SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE [VANDF], SODIUM N-LAUROYL SARCOSINATE, SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE, Sodium N-(Dodecanoyl)-N-methylglycinate, Sodium (N-methyldodecanamido)acetate, SARKOSYL, SARCOSYL, N-Methylglycinol, N-LAUROYLSARCOSINE SODIUM SALT, GARDOL, SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINE, LAUROYLSARCOSINE, SODIUM SALT, N-methyl-N-(1-oxodecyl)glycine sodium salt, auroyL, GardolR, 137-16-6, Sodium lauroylsarcosinate, N-Lauroylsarcosine sodium salt, Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate, Sarkosyl NL, Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, Gardol, Sarkosyl, Medialan LL-99, Lauroylsarcosine sodium salt, Glycine, N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)-, sodium salt, Sarcosyl NL, Sarcosyl, Maprosyl 30, Compound 105, Hamposyl L-30, Sarcosyl NL 30, Sarkosyl NL 30, Sarkosyl NL 35, Sarkosyl NL 97, Sarkosyl NL 100, Sodium lauroylsarcosine, MFCD00042728, Sodium N-dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate, Sodium N-lauroylsarcosine, Sarcosinate LN 3, Firet L, Hamposyl L 95, N-Lauroyl-N-methylglycine sodium salt, Soypon SLP, Nikkol Sarcosinate LN 3, Oramix L 30, GM 9011, N-Dodecanoylsarcosine sodium salt, Sarkosyl, Enagicol L 30N, Soypon SLE, Sarcosinate LN 30, Medialan LD, Protelan LS 9011, Crodasinic LS 95, Perlastan L 30, Nikkol Sarcosine Na, SKL, SKL (salt), Crodasinic LS 30, Neoscoap SLN 100, Nikkol Sarcosinate LN 30, Crodasinic LS 30NP, Maprosyl 30B, FS 701, Nikkol Sarcosinates LN, Surfacare L 30, LS 30 (surfactant), PUJI AS02-30, AS 02-30, Amin LS 30NP, Ucefactant LS 30N, Crodasinic LS 40, LS 30, Aminosyl L 30, 1322-85-6, 75195-12-9, 76724-33-9, 912455-41-5, N-Dodecanoylsarcosine Sodium Salt, GARDOL, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, Glycine, N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)-, sodium salt, N-Lauroyl sarcosine sodium salt, Maprosyl 30, Sodium N-Dodecanoylsarcosinate, SARKOSYL, Sarcosyl,Sarkosyl NL,Sodium N-dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate, SARKOSYL NL-30, sodium N-lauroyl-sarcosinate, SARCOSYL, GardolR, N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycine sodium salt,Sarkosyl NL, N-Lauroylsarcosine sodium salt, SARCOSYL NL, SARKOSYL NL, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, Compound 105, N-Methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)glycine, sodium salt, Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, Compound 105, Gardol, Hamposyl L-30, N-Lauroylsarcosine, sodium, N-Lauroylsarcosine, sodium salt, N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycine sodium salt, Lauroylsarcosine (sodium), DTXSID0027066, N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycine, sodium salt, sodium [dodecanoyl(methyl)amino]acetate, 632GS99618, Sarcosine, N-lauroyl-, sodium salt, Sodium N-Dodecanoylsarcosinate, Glycine, N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)-, sodium salt (1:1), N-Dodecanoylsarcosine Sodium Salt, Lauroylsarcosine (sodium salt), NSC-117874, sodium lauroyl sarcosine, SODIUM N-LAUROYL SARCOSINATE, EINECS 205-281-5, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000174, NSC 117874, n-lauryl sarcosine sodium salt, UNII-632GS99618, sodium 2-(N-methyldodecanamido)acetate, starbld0009501, GARDOL [MI], MEDIALAN LL-33, EC 205-281-5, N-Methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)glycine, sodium salt, SCHEMBL23451, Lauroylsarcosine, Sodium Salt, DTXCID907066, N-Methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)glycine sodium salt (1:1), CHEMBL1903482, KSAVQLQVUXSOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M, Tox21_202996, AKOS015901704, SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE [II], NCGC00164323-01, NCGC00260541-01, SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE [INCI], AS-81025, CAS-137-16-6, SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE [VANDF], sodium, 2-[dodecanoyl(methyl)amino]acetate, HY-125920, SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE [USP-RS], CS-0103267, FT-0631797, L0019, S0597, E81236, A934513, Q309660, W-108241, N-Lauroylsarcosine sodium, Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinesodium salt, Glycine,N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)-,sodium salt (1:1), Sarcosine,N-lauroyl-,sodium salt, Glycine,N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)-,sodium salt, Compound 105, Gardol (antiseptic), N-Lauroylsarcosine sodium, Medialan LL 99, Sarkosyl NL, Sarkosyl NL 100, Sodium lauroylsarcosine, Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate, Sarkosyl NL 97, Sarkosyl NL 30, Sodium N-lauroylsarcosine, Gardol, N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycine sodium salt, Sarkosyl NL 35, N-Lauroylsarcosine sodium salt, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, Maprosyl 30, Lauroylsarcosine sodium salt, Lauroyl sarcosine sodium, Secosyl, Hamposyl L 30, Nikkol Sarcosinate LN, Sarcosinate LN,

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is non-flammable.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, also known as sarkosyl, is a white powder derived from sarcosine, which make it is fate-free and biodegradable.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is amphiphilic due to the hydrophobic 12-carbon chain (lauroyl) and the hydrophilic carboxylate.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate offers excellent chemical stability and is known for a skin-friendly pH that does not cause additional irritation.
Coconut is a common source of Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate in cosmetic products.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is a highly active substance and at the same time it is very gentle to the skin.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has not been classified as a potential allergen.
Safety evaluations confirmed that Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is non-irritating and non-sensitizing when applied to human skin in amounts of up to 15% for rinse-off detergents and 5% for leave-on products.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, also known as sarkosyl, is a white powder derived from sarcosine, which make it is fate-free and biodegradable.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is amphiphilic due to the hydrophobic 12-carbon chain (lauroyl) and the hydrophilic carboxylate.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is a white powder.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is an anionic surfactant with an ability to denature proteins.
Due to its microbicidal property, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is being considered as a potent anti-microbicide in topical formulations, especially against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is a sodium salt of Lauroyl Sarcosinate, an ester of Lauroyl alcohol and Sarcosine amino acid.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is a secondary surfactant in a wide range of cleansing applications.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate can work with mild surfactants like betaines or replace them as it is also an alkyl-amino acid type surfactant similarly gentle and effective.

Milder than Mono Alkyl Phosphates, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate exhibits superior mildness and lower irritation potential.
In addition, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has an excellent sensory profile, leaving a long-lasting soft and silky after-feel on the skin.
Foaming properties are comparable with betaines and alkyl ether sulfates.

Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, often known as Sarcosyl, is one of the most widely used amino acid-derived surfactants.
Amino acid surfactants are a group of surfactants derived from amino acids and fatty acids.
They have been trending surfactants to use in a wide range of personal care products for their complete biodegradability, high safeness, mildness, and non-irritation properties.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is derived from sarcosine, a natural amino acid found in the human body and just about every type of biological material from animals to plants.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is a safe amino acid-based surfactant that works well with a variety of glycols, silicones, solvents, and phosphate esters, making it very versatile in cosmetic formulations.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is approved for use in cosmetics, even those intended for the care of children.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, also known as sarkosyl, is a white powder derived from sarcosine, which make it is fate-free and biodegradable.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is amphiphilic due to the hydrophobic 12-carbon chain (lauroyl) and the hydrophilic carboxylate.

In mineral flotation, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has a good synergistic effect with cationic surfactants and achieves higher flotation efficiency.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is a new type of amino acid anionic surfactant.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has the characteristics of washing, emulsifying, permeating and solubilizing.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is an anionic surfactant from the group of amino-acid surfactants with INCI name: Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is produced basing on biomimetics, which are raw materials imitating naturally occurring chemical compounds and fatty acids (raw materials of plant origin).

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is totally eco-friendly.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has good biodegradability and no pollution to the environment, at all.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has the properties of antimicrobial, bactericidal, mildew-proof, corrosion-proof and antistatic.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is mild, effective, and a great foam maker in a wide range of pH, so it can be used for manufacturing various kinds of products.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is used for manufacturing: Bathroom cleaners, Carpet and floor cleaners, Antistatic agents, Drain products, Bleaches and disinfectants, Hair products (shampoo, hair conditioners, hair bleach, etc.), Body hygiene products (body scrub, body wash, hand soap, body lotion, etc.).

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is used Personal care products (face wash, deodorant, face moisturizer/ cream/ mask, fragrance, etc.),
Children and babies’ products (shampoo, baby oil, baby powder, etc.),
Dental care (mouthwash and toothpaste), Make-up and related, Indirect food additive (FDA approved).

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is an ionic surfactant derived from sarcosine (an amino acid found naturally in the body).
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is used as a secondary surfactant and can be combined with other surfactants to boost foam and luxury.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has mild refatting properties that helps to bring softeness and moisture to the skin.

When added to haircare products, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate adds volume and helps smooth the hair follicle surface.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has some anti-static properties which further enhances its usefulness in haircare products.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate can be used in formulation of shampoo, shower gel, face wash , bath foam.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is provided as an aqueous solution with the active substance content of approx. 30%.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is widely used in various industries (cosmetics, detergents, household and industrial cleaning, agro-chemicals, textiles processing).

Application of Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate: shampoos, especially very mild baby shampoos, body washing liquids, shower gels, bath lotion, bubble baths, gentle liquid soaps, materials for face cleaning and care, toothpastes, shaving foams, household and industrial cleaning product, and glass cleaning concentrates.

Biologically, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate can be utilized for the isolation of RNA and DNA, as a solubilizer in cell purification, as an additive in the isolation of DNA from human serum, as well as to increase the nitrogen fixation capacity of leguminous Rhizobium by adding this product, and has many applications in immunochemistry.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate can be corrosion inhibitor and rust remover in metal processing.
In pharmacology and pharmacology, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate can slow down the irritation of vitamin E to skin, increase the absorption of vitamins, and increase the antimicrobial and durability of eye ointment.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate can also be used in oral care applications such as toothpastes and incorporated into syndet and combo bars.
The typical usage levels range from 1-5% on an active basis.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is used as a detergent, foaming agent, and antienzyme for dentifrices.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, also known as sarkosyl, is an ionic surfactant derived from sarcosine, used as a foaming and cleansing agent in shampoo, shaving foam and foam wash products.

In molecular biology experiments, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is used to inhibit the initiation of DNA transcription.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is a mild ionic surfactant derived from sarcosine (amino acid) and fatty acids.
This reaction is catalyzed by alkali.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is used for producing cleaning products and household care.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has excellent foaming property and fine and durable foam.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is suitable for foaming agent, shampoo and shaving cream for toothpaste and cosmetics.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is widely applied in the industry as a detergent, foaming agent, and anti-enzyme.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is applied in many cleaning products as a foaming and cleansing compound, such as shampoos, hair conditioners, children’s hygiene products, carpet cleaners, etc.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is widely used in industry, especially for cleaning products and household care.
Addition of an mixture of equal parts of Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate and the non-ionic surfactant sorbitan monolaurate (S20) to a buffered water:ethanol solution led to the formation of micelle-like aggregates, even though neither surfactant formed micelles when present alone.

Such aggregates can help carry other small molecules, such as drugs, through the skin.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is mild, biodegradable anionic surfactants derived from fatty acids and sarcosine (amino acid).
These compounds features lather building and resistance to sebum delathering in cleaners, polymers, industrial chemicals, petroleum and lubricant products.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate can reduce the irritation caused by the residue of traditional surfactants on the skin with it's good compatibility
properties.
As Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has good biodegrability, it is in accordance with the requirement of environmental protection.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is a cleanser and foaming agent that helps with the effectiveness and feel of our toothpaste.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is widely used as a primary or secondary anionic surfactant in toothpaste, facial cleansers, ultra-gentle shampoos, and baby bath bubble lotions.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has excellent foaming and cleaning ability in a wide pH range.
However, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has low degreasing power, which makes it not over-lift the needful oil on the skin, hence leaving the skin a moist and non-tight feeling.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is a compound of synthetic or vegetable origin.
As a surfactant, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate most often functions as a cleaning agent, which also acts as an emulsifier.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is permitted in baby care cleansing applications such as head-to-toe shampoos.

In addition, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is a common ingredient in high-end hair shampoo, body and face washes, shower gels, facial cleansers, and toothpaste.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, also known as sarcosyl, is an anionic surfactant derived from sarcosine used as a foaming and cleansing agent in shampoo, shaving foam, toothpaste, and foam wash products.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is amphiphilic due to the hydrophobic 12-carbon chain (lauroyl) and the hydrophilic carboxylate.
Since the nitrogen atom is in an amide linkage, the nitrogen is not pH active and is neutrally charged in all aqueous solutions regardless of pH.
The carboxylate has a pKa of about 3.6 and is therefore negatively charged in solutions of pH greater than about 5.5.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is mild, biodegradable anionic surfactants derived from sarcosine used as a foaming and cleansing agent in shampoo, shaving foam, toothpaste, and foam wash products.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is amphiphilic due to the hydrophobic 12-carbon chain (lauroyl) and the hydrophilic carboxylate.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is a high foam, eco-friendly surfactant.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has good chlorine stability with anti-corrosion properties.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has excellent ocular tolerance and gentleness.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is often seen in shampoos, bath, cleansing and shaving products as a foaming agent, surfactant, and hair conditioning agent.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has the ability to enhance the appearance and feel of hair by improving body, suppleness and sheen, especially in hair that is chemically damaged.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate also serves to clean skin and hair by mixing with oil and dirt and enabling them to be rinsed away.
As a modified fatty acid, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is thought to be more soluble, and have increased crystallinity and acidity compared to its original fatty acid composition.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is personal care products as well as in household and industrial applications, and it is used as a co-surfactant in cleanser formulations such as shampoos and body washes.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate can also be used in oral care applications such as toothpastes and incorporated into syndet and combo bars.

The typical usage levels of Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is range from 1-5% on an active basis.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is used for solubilization and separation of membrane proteins and glycoprotein's; reported to inhibit hexokinase.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is useful in concentrated salt solutions used in the cell lysis step during RNA purification (helps avoid excessive foaming).

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has been used to indicate paramagnetic anisotropy sign change in micelle mesophage.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has some anti-static properties which further enchance its usefullness in haircare products.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate inhibits bacterial flora of human saliva/gut at 0.25% as well as acting as a fungi static agent in aqueous dispersion (1%).

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is used Detergent, foaming agent, antienzyme for dentifrices.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is suitable for solubilization and separation of membrane proteins, lysis of cells during the isolation of RNA, and inhibition of hexokinase

pH-sensitive vesicles can be prepared using Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate with another cationic or water-insoluble amphiphiles such as 1-decanol.
Due to its properties, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is used in cleansing products for the face and body, as well as in shampoos.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is widely used in various industries such as cosmetics, detergents, household and industrial cleaning.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, also known as sarkosyl, is an ionic surfactant used as a cleansing agent in toothpaste, shampoo, and shaving foam.
Ungraded products supplied by BioWorld are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is used as an ingredient in shampoos, face cleansers for children and adults, bath lotions and toothpastes.
In addition, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate can be found in intimate hygiene liquids or make-up removal products.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is used Paint, ink additives, increase compatibility and stability;

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is used in medicine as a solvent for cell purification.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is an anionic surfactant, especially suitable for the preparation of shampoo, bath liquid, cleansing milk, baby detergent, tableware detergent and so on.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is an ionic surfactant used as a foaming agent in foam wash products
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is derived from sarcosine (an amino acid found naturally in the body) and Normally used as a secondary surfactant to boost foam and luxury.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate helps in hair formulations to enhance suppleness of hair and improve body.
Adds mildness to final formulations whilst also boosting the foam of the formulation.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate can be used alongisde both SLS and SLS Free formulations to increase foam and luxuriousness.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is especially useful in haircare products where it aids volume and helps smooth the hair folicle surface.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is also used in household detergents and their professional counterparts for industrial applications, for cleaning surfaces, in particular for cleaning vehicles.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is personal care products as well as in household and industrial applications, and it is used as a co-surfactant in cleanser formulations such as shampoos and body washes.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is used in medicine as a solvent for cell purification.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is used Corrosion inhibitor and rust remover in metal processing.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has mild refatting properties that helps to bring softeness and moisture to the skin.
Besides, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is biodegradable.

PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
Advantages of the product:
*anionic surfactant very gentle for skin,
*very good foaming properties,
*reduces the irritant effect of other surfactants on skin,
*excellent cleaning properties,
*provides the skin long-term comfort and softness sensation,
*due to high absorbtion on the surface of hair, reduction of static *electricity and binding, provides the hair soft and silky sensation,
*it is easily biodegradable,
*based on renewable raw materials of plant-origin,
*contains no preservatives,
*may be used in the presence of oxidizing agents.

FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
*Mild, safe, and low irritation.
*Excellent stability and foamability in the pH range from strong base to weak acid.
*Low degreasing power, gives the skin a moist and non-tight feeling after washing.
*Good compatibility and can be compounded with other anionic surfactants to reduce irritation and improve foaming performance.

ADVANTAGES OF SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
The most important advantages of Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate:
*as a primary and secondary surfactant, it is gentle on the skin, excellent washing properties,
*very good foaming properties, also in a higher pH range,
*it is biodegradable,
*it is obtained from natural plant materials,
*is responsible for the long-lasting comfort and softness of the skin,
*suitable for use in children’s skincare preparations,
*it is hypoallergenic and non-comedogenic,
*it has an antistatic and conditioning effect on the hair.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate (C15H28NO3) is the INCI name of an anionic surfactant from the group of surfactants.
The chemical name of Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is N-lauroylsarcosine sodium salt.

Alternative names for Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate are sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate and Sarcosyl NL.
The CAS number that uniquely identifies Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is 137-16-6.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate exists both as a solid and in the form of an aqueous solution with an active substance concentration of about 30%.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is usually used as a secondary surfactant in a concentration range of 1-5%.

FUNCTIONS OF SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is often seen in shampoos, bath, cleansing and shaving products as a foaming agent, surfactant, and hair conditioning agent.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has the ability to enhance the appearance and feel of hair by improving body, suppleness and sheen, especially in hair that is chemically damaged.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate also serves to clean skin and hair by mixing with oil and dirt and enabling them to be rinsed away.
As a modified fatty acid, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is thought to be more soluble, and have increased crystallinity and acidity compared to its original fatty acid composition.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is an amphiphilic surfactant, due to its 12- carbon hydrophobic tail and the hydrophilic carboxylate head.
The chemical formula of Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is C15H28NNaO3.
Since Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has a nitrogen as amide bond and doesn’t exhibit pH activity, this molecule can be charged at any pH in aqueous solutions.

IN CULTURE, SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate was sold as a special ingredient called "Gardol" in Colgate "Dental Cream", as toothpaste was then called, during the 1950s through the mid-1960s in the US and the mid-1970s in France.
Its current use as a preventive dentifrice is in Arm & Hammer Baking Soda Toothpaste, a Church & Dwight product, where Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is used as a surfactant.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, like SDS is also used to denature proteins and disrupt biological membranes.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is an sodium salt of an acyl derivative of sarcosine, which is a natural amino acid found in muscles and other body tissues.
Acyl sarcosines are considered modifiŽed fatty acids in which the hydrocarbon chains are interrupted by an amidomethyl group in the alpha position.

They are used as hair-conditioning agents and surfactant-cleansing agents in cosmetics, as well as to improve wetting and penetration of topical pharmaceutical products.
Acyl sarcosines and their sodium salts are also used in the metal finishing and processing industries for their crystal modifying, anti-rust, and anti-corrosion properties.

WHY WE USE SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is very mild, but also very effective.
What’s more, FDA approved as an indirect food additive, and CIR approved when used in rinse-off products, or in leave-on products at concentrations of 5% or less.

HOW TO USE SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
Normally used as a secondary surfactant at 1 -5% to increase the midlness and boost foam of foaming formulations.
To aid stability of the final formulation, the pH should be greater than 6.

SAFETY OF SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is a safe, non-toxic, and mild cleansing agent with excellent cleansing/foaming performance even in hard water, thanks to ideal compatibility with skin and hair.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is also a readily biodegradable and environmentally friendly ingredient.

BIOCHEM/PHYSIOL ACTIONS OF SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is an anionic surfactant which also has protein denaturant potency.
In addition, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has been shown as a microbicide for sexually transmitted diseases.

THE ROLE AND ACTION OF SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE IN COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS:
The role and action of Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate in cosmetics and personal care products:
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is a cleansing agent that enhances the lather effect which helps in the effectiveness of many cosmetic products.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is often chosen as one of the substrates of cosmetic formulations due to its ease of use and its effectiveness.

Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate can be used together with SLS-containing and SLS-free preparations.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has mild degreasing properties that help restore softness and hydration to the skin.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is especially useful in haircare products, where it adds volume and helps to smooth the surface of the hair follicles.

Thanks to these properties, the effect of well-nourished and smooth hair is obtained.
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has some antistatic properties (prevents static electricity in the hair), which further increase its usefulness in haircare products.
In addition, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate plays a preservative role in care products and reduces the highly irritating effect of other substances.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
*water-soluble,
*pH value in the range of 7.5 – 8.5,
*solid form: colourless substance,
*aqueous solution: colourless to light yellow liquid,
*molecular weight: 293.38 u.

STABILITY/SHELF LIFE OF SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is stable at a wide pH range, except in strong acid and alkali.

CHEMICALS AND SURFACTANTS DETAILS OF SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is an anionic surfactant derived from sarcosine
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is used as a foaming and cleansing agent in shampoo, bodywash,handwash,facewash.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
Appearance：White Powder
Density：1.033 g/mL at 20 °C
Melting Point：46 °C
Boiling Point：100ºC
Flash Point：267℃
Water Solubility：soluble in water (293 g/L).
Storage Conditions：room temp
Vapor Pressure：0.02 hPa (20 °C)
Stability: Stable.
Water Solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Appearance Form: powder
Colour: white
Odour: No data available
Odour Threshold: No data available
pH: 7,0 - 9 at 293 g/l at 25 °C

Melting point/freezing point: 146,1 °C at 1.013 hPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 350 - 410 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flash point: 267 °C - closed cup
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapour pressure: 0,02 hPa at 20 °C
Vapour density: No data available
Relative density: 1,141 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Water solubility: 293 g/l at 20 °C - completely soluble
Molecular Weight: 294.39
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 12
Exact Mass: 294.20451307
Monoisotopic Mass: 294.20451307
Topological Polar Surface Area: 57.6 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 20
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 254
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Color: White
Melting Point: 44°C to 47°C
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)10CON(CH3)CH2COONa
Beilstein: 5322974
Merck Index: 14,4368
Solubility Information: Soluble in water (293g/L).
Sensitivity: Hygroscopic
Formula Weight: 293.38
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Density: 1.033 g/mL at 20 °C

Boiling Point: 100ºC
Melting Point: 46 °C
Molecular Formula: C15H28NNaO3
Molecular Weight: 293.378
Exact Mass: 293.196686
PSA: 60.44000
LogP: 2.11560
Storage condition: room temp
Chemical formula: C15H28NNaO3
Molar mass: 293.383 g·mol−1
Melting point: 140 °C (284 °F; 413 K)
Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: characteristic
Melting point/freezing point
Melting point: 146 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 350 - 410 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available

Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: ca.8 at 30 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: at 20 °C soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: 0,02 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,14 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Melting point: 46 °C
Density: 1.033 g/mL at 20 °C
vapor pressure: 0.02 hPa (20 °C)
RTECS: MC0598960
Flash point: 267℃
storage temp.: room temp
solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Powder
Specific Gravity: 1.03 (20/4℃)
color: White
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland
PH: 7.0-9.0 (25℃, 1M in H2O)
Water Solubility: Soluble in water (293 g/L).
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax:
λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.2
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.06
Merck: 14,4368

BRN: 5322974
Stability: Stable.
LogP: 0.37
CAS DataBase Reference 137-16-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105; 177.1200
FDA UNII: 632GS99618
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate (137-16-6)
Cosmetics Info: Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate
Molecular Weight: 293.38 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 12
Exact Mass: 293.19668804 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 293.19668804 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 60.4Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 20
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 260
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Weight: 293.38
Exact Mass：293.196686
EC Number：205-281-5
UNII：632GS99618
DSSTox ID：DTXSID0027066
HScode：34021190
PSA： 60.4
XLogP3：2.11560

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P3
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature
2 - 8 °C

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM N-LAUROYLSARCOSINATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

SODIUM OCTYL SULFATE; N° CAS : 142-31-4; Nom INCI : SODIUM OCTYL SULFATE; Classification : Sulfate

cas no 143-19-1 cis-9-Octadecenoic acid sodium salt; Oleic acid sodium salt; 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, sodium salt; sodium (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate;

DESCRIPTION:
Oleic acid, [sodium salt] is a light tan solid with a slight tallow-like odor.
Sinks and mixes slowly with water.
Sodium oleate is an organic molecular entity.

CAS: 143-19-1
European Community (EC) Number: 205-591-0
Molecular Formula: C18H33NaO2

Sodium oleate, also known as oleic acid sodium, is a monounsaturated fatty acid abundant in human adipocytes and other tissues.
Sodium oleate acts as an activator of Na+/K+ ATPase.
Oleic acid stimulates cell proliferation and migration in highly metastatic cancer cells by enhancing β-oxidation through AMPK activation.

Conversely, Sodium oleate inhibits cancer cell growth and survival in low metastatic carcinoma cells, including gastric carcinoma SGC7901 and breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell lines.
Furthermore, sodium oleate activates PKC (Protein Kinase C) in hepatocytes.

Sodium Oleate is the sodium salt of oleic acid, a common unsaturated fatty acid found in many animals and plants such as olive oil.

Sodium Oleate is White powder; slight tallowlike odor.
Sodium Oleate is Soluble in water with partial decom- position; soluble in alcohol.
Sodium Oleate is Combustible.
Sodium Oleate is Light tan solid with a slight tallow-like odor.
Sodium Oleate Sinks and mixes slowly with water.
Oleic acid, [sodium salt] is a light tan solid with a slight tallow-like odor.

Oleic acid, [sodium salt] is a light tan solid with a slight tallow-like odor. Sinks and mixes slowly with water. (USCG, 1999)|Sodium oleate is an organic molecular entity.

APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM OLEATE:
Oleic acid is used to investigate effects on apolipoprotein B synthesis, degradation and secretion in cultured cells

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM OLEATE:
Molecular Weight
304.4 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
2
Rotatable Bond Count
15
Exact Mass
304.23782457 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
304.23782457 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
40.1Å²
Heavy Atom Count
21
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
239
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
2
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Melting point 232-235 °C (lit.)
storage temp. -20°C
solubility Methanol (Slightly)
form Powder
color White to slightly yellow
Odor slt tallow odor
Water Solubility soluble H2O, partially decomposes; soluble alcohol [HAW93]
Merck 14,6828
BRN 4046357
Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) 18
Color White
Flashpoint 149 °C
Form Solid
Grade Chemical Synthesis
Incompatible Materials Strong oxidizing agents
Melting Point/Range 232-235 °C
Purity Percentage 82.00
Purity Details ≥82.00%
Solubility in Water Slightly soluble
pH-Value 11 (20 °C)
Storage Temperature Ambient
PSA：
40.1
XLogP3：
4.77380
Appearance：
White to slightly yellow Powder
Density：
0.9 g/cm3
Melting Point：
232-235 °C
Boiling Point：
360°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point：
270.099ºC
Water Solubility：
soluble H2O, partially decomposes; soluble alcohol
Storage Conditions：
−20°C
Toxicity：
LD50 ivn-mus: 152 mg/kg RPOBAR 2,327,70
Odor：
SLIGHT TALLOW-LIKE ODOR
PH：
IN AQ SOLN IT IS ALKALINE... BUT NOT IN ALCOHOL SOLN
Air and Water Reactions：
Water soluble. Gives basic aqueous solution.
Water Solubility 2.8e-05 g/L
logP 7.56
logP 6.78
logS -7
pKa (Strongest Acidic) 4.99
Physiological Charge -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2
Hydrogen Donor Count 0
Polar Surface Area 40.13 Å²
Rotatable Bond Count 15
Refractivity 98.24 m³•mol⁻¹
Polarizability 36.6 Å³
Number of Rings 0
Bioavailability No
Rule of Five No
Ghose Filter No
Veber's Rule No
MDDR-like Rule No

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SODIUM OLEATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

SYNONYMS OF SODIUM OLEATE:
osteum
sodium oleate
SODIUM OLEATE
143-19-1
Oleic acid sodium salt
Osteum
Eunatrol
Olate flakes
Oleic acid, sodium salt
Oleate, sodium
Sodium 9-octadecenoate, (Z)-
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, sodium salt
Sodium 9-octadecenoate
CCRIS 1964
HSDB 758
oleate sodium
16558-02-4
EINECS 205-591-0
sodium (Z)-octadec-9-enoate
sodium;(Z)-octadec-9-enoate
UNII-399SL044HN
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, sodium salt
9-Octadecenoic acid, sodium salt, (Z)-
AI3-19806
9-Octadecenoic acid, sodium salt
399SL044HN
MFCD00004438
Sodiumoleate
DTXSID7021077
CHEBI:81860
E-470(II)OLEIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
INS-470(II)OLEIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
INS NO.470(II)OLEIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
SODIUM OLEATE (MART.)
SODIUM OLEATE [MART.]
sodium (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate
cis-9-Octadecenoic acid sodium salt
Oleic acidsodium salt
Sodium oleate, >=99%
SCHEMBL3582
C18H33NaO2
SODIUM OLEATE [HSDB]
SODIUM OLEATE [INCI]
DTXCID001077
SODIUM OLEATE [WHO-DD]
CHEMBL3527599
HY-N1446B
BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M
OLEATE SODIUM [GREEN BOOK]
OLEIC ACID SODIUM SALT [MI]
Sodium oleate, >=98.5% (GC)
AKOS017345104
Sodium oleate, >=95% (capillary GC)
AS-10421
CS-0107318
O0057
C18601
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, sodium salt (1:1)
A885003
Q17397737
Oleic acid sodium;9-cis-Octadecenoic acid sodium;9Z-Octadecenoic acid sodium

Sodium Oleate is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid sodium.
Sodium Oleate (C18H33O2Na, CAS Reg. No. 143–19–1) is the sodium salt of oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid).
Sodium Oleate exists as a white to yellowish powder with a slight tallow-like odor.

CAS Number: 143-19-1
EC Number: 205-591-0
MDL number: MFCD00004438
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COONa

Sodium Oleate is a Na+/K+ATPase activator.
Commercially, Sodium Oleate is made by mixing and heating flaked sodium hydroxide and oleic acid.
Sodium Oleate is one of the numerous organometallic compounds sold.

Organometallics are useful reagents, catalysts, and precursor materials with applications in thin film deposition, industrial chemistry, pharmaceuticals, LED manufacturing, and others.
Sodium Oleate (NaC18H33O2) is an organic additive which is the sodium “salt” of oleic acid.

Sodium Oleate comes as a powder of small, yellowish crystals that dissolve in water and alcohol.
Sodium Oleate is a sodium salt of oleic acid.
Sodium Oleate is a light tan solid with a slight tallow-like odor. Sodium Oleate sinks and mixes slowly with water.

Sodium Oleate is an organic molecular entity.
Sodium Oleate is classified under CAS No.143-19-1.
Sodium Oleate is also known as Oleic Acid Sodium Salt, Sodium Salt of Oleic Acid.

Sodium Oleate occurs as a white to yellowish powder or as light brown yellow coarse powder or lumps.
Sodium Oleate has characteristic odor & taste.
Sodium Oleate is soluble in alcohol and water.

Sodium Oleate is a major component of soap as emulsifying agent.
Sodium Oleate is white to yellowish powder and lumps.
Sodium Oleate is soluble in warm water, slightly soluble in 90% ethanol.

Sodium Oleate is slightly like butter.
Sodium Oleate is alkaline due to hydrolysis, but the alcohol solution is not hydrolyzed.
Sodium Oleate has good solubility in hot water, the aqueous solution is light yellow and transparent, alkaline, soluble in ethanol, and the solution is neutral; it is slowly oxidized in the air to darken the color

Sodium Oleate is the sodium salt of oleic acid.
Sodium Oleate functions as a binder, emulsifier, and anticaking agent.
Sodium oleate, also known as sodium oleic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids.

These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.
Sodium oleate is a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa).
Sodium Oleate is a mild cleansing and foaming agent generally used in soaps.

Sodium Oleate is derived from natural fats and oils.
Sodium Oleate is an organic molecular entity.
Sodium Oleate is light tan solid with a slight tallow-like odor.

Sodium Oleate sinks and mixes slowly with water.
Sodium Oleate is water soluble.
Sodium Oleate gives basic aqueous solution.

Sodium oleate is an unsaturated fatty acid that features a kink in the long-chain hydrocarbon tail of its molecules due to a cis double bond.
Though the biochemical is already being utilized for a variety of applications, scientists are currently investigating the fatty acid in hopes of coming to a better understanding of Sodium Oleate and finding additional uses for it.

As a fatty acid, Sodium Oleate is not generally found free in nature, but rather occurs as a component of more complex naturally occurring lipids.
In its isolated form, however, Sodium Oleate exudes a tallow-like scent and is a white crystalline solid at room temperature.
Sodium Oleate is a useful research chemical.

Sodium Oleate is the sodium salt of oleic acid, a common unsaturated fatty acid found in many animals and plants such as olive oil.
Sodium oleate is a chemical compound that is part of the soap-making process.
Sodium Oleate forms when sodium reacts with animal or vegetable oils and fats.
Sodium oleate has been shown to be thermally stable, which means that it does not break down at high temperatures.

Sodium oleate has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth in culture with a kinetic energy of 75 kJ/mol and an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement of 4 MΩ at 10 Hz.
Sodium Oleate also inhibits protein synthesis, leading to cell death by preventing transcription and translation, in experimental models using copper chloride as the catalyst.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM OLEATE:
In cosmetics, Sodium Oleate is used for its cleansing, thickening and gelling properties.
Sodium oleate is used in soaps and detergents as an emulsifying agent.
Sodium Oleate is also used in the coating of waterproof fabrics.

Sodium Oleate is also used in the manufacture of industrial lubricants.
And in the mining industry, Sodium Oleate is used as a floating agent for minerals.
Sodium Oleate is used in ore flotation, waterproofing textiles, metal polishes, polymer curing, and veterinary medicine.

Sodium Oleate is used as emulsifier for oil/water systems and in the polymerization of butadiene.
Sodium Oleate is used in medicines.
Sodium Oleate is used in the treatment of cholelithiasis.

In various oil based cosmetics, Sodium Oleate is used as cleansing agent, emulsifying agent, surfactant, thickening or gelling agent and viscosity controlling agent.
Sodium Oleate is used in the production of insoluble metallic stearates and industrial lubricants.
Sodium Oleate is also used as textile waterproofing agent.

Sodium Oleate can be operated as anion type surface active agent.
Sodium Oleate can be used as floating agent in mining ore industry.
Sodium Oleate can be used as laboratory reagent in manufacturing of chemicals and other oleates.

Sodium Oleate is widely demanded in the international market due to its high effectiveness, eco-friendliness and purity.
Sodium Oleate is used preparation of Turkey red oil, soft soap and other oleates; in polishing Compounds; waterproofing textiles, oiling wool; manufacture of driers; thickening lubricating oils. Sodium Oleate is used parmaceutic aid (solvent).

Sodium Oleate is used the barium salt in rodent extermination.
Sodium oleate is utilized for a variety of commercial purposes, especially the production of soap.
The soaps made from the fatty acid are considered synthetic although their manufacture only requires a few steps to complete.

Sodium oleate is also often used in the production of insoluble metallic stearates via what is known as the double decomposition method.
Other uses of Sodium Oleate include its inclusion in industrial lubricants and various oil-based cosmetics as a thickening or gelling agent.

Sodium Oleate can be used to measure particle size by using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm technique.
The titration calorimetry technique has also been used to study the thermal stability of Sodium Oleate.
Sodium Oleate is used as anionic surfactant and fabric waterproofing agent.

-Cosmetic Uses:
*cleansing agents
*surfactants
*surfactant - emulsifying
*viscosity controlling agents

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM OLEATE:
*Sodium Oleate is white powder; slight tallowlike odor.
*Sodium Oleate is soluble in water with partial decom- position; soluble in alcohol.
*Sodium Oleate, white solid, soluble, froth or foam upon shaking the H2O solution (soap), formed by reaction of NaOH and oleic acid (in alcoholic solution) and evaporating.
*Sodium Oleate is used as a source of oleate.

CLASS OF SODIUM OLEATE:
*Specialty Chemicals, Oleochemicals:
Fatty Acids, Fatty Alcohol & more, High Purity Fatty Acids & Esters

WHAT DOES SODIUM OLEATE DO IN A FORMULATION:
*Cleansing
*Emulsifying
*Surfactant
*Viscosity controlling

PROPERTIES OF SODIUM OLEATE:
*Surfactant
*Waterproofing
*Cleaning agent
*Emulsifier
*Floating agent

ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF SODIUM OLEATE:
*Unsaturated fatty acids
*Carboxylic acid salts
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic sodium salts
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds

SUBSTITUENTS OF SODIUM OLEATE:
*Long-chain fatty acid
*Unsaturated fatty acid
*Carboxylic acid salt
*Organic alkali metal salt
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organic sodium salt
*Organic salt
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound

REACTIVITY PROFILE OF SODIUM OLEATE:
Salts, basic, such as Sodium Oleate, are generally soluble in water.
The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0.
They react as bases to neutralize acids.
These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines.
They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.

ALKALINITY OF SODIUM OLEATE:
take Sodium Oleate and make a solution containing lOmg per lm l with water, and determine it according to law (General rule 0631>, p H value should be 9.0-11. 0.

COLOR OF SODIUM OLEATE:
take Sodium Oleate and make a solution containing lOmg per lm l with water.
Compared with the yellow No. 2 Standard Colorimetric solution (General rule 0901 first method), it should not be deeper.
Sodium Oleate, also known as (9Z)-Octadecanoic acid, is a fatty acid used as an emollient and one of the main components of soap as an emulsifying agent.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM OLEATE:
Molecular Weight: 304.4 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 15
Exact Mass: 304.23782457 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 304.23782457 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.1Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 21
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 239
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical Name: Sodium Oleate
CAS Number: 143-19-1
Molecular Formula: C₁₈H₃₃NaO₂
Appearance: White to Off-White Solid
Melting Point: 214-218°C
Molecular Weight: 304.44
Storage: 4°C
Solubility: Methanol (Slightly)
Physical state: solid
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point
Melting point/range: 232 - 235 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility No data available
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Compound Formula: C18H33NaO2
Molecular Weight: 304.44
Appearance: White powder
Melting Point: 232-235 °C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: N/A
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 304.237825 g/mol

Water Solubility: 2.8e-05 g/L
logP: 7.56
logP: 6.78
logS: -7
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 4.99
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 40.13 Å²
Rotatable Bond Count: 15
Refractivity: 98.24 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 36.6 Å³
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: No
Rule of Five: No
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No

Melting Point: 235°C
Color: White-Yellow
Quantity: 25 g
Formula Weight: 304.45
Percent Purity: ≥97.0% (T)
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Sodium Oleate
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C18H33NaO2 = 304.45
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
CAS RN: 143-19-1
Reaxys Registry Number: 4046357
PubChem Substance ID: 87574072
Merck Index (14): 6828
MDL Number: MFCD00004438

Melting point: 232-235 °C (lit.)
storage temp.: -20°C
solubility: Methanol (Slightly)
form: Powder
color: White to slightly yellow
Odor: slt tallow odor
Water Solubility: soluble H2O, partially decomposes; soluble alcohol
Merck: 14,6828
BRN: 4046357
Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB): 18
Stability: Stable.
InChIKey: BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 232.00 to 235.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 360.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)

Vapor Pressure: 0.000004 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 518.00 °F. TCC ( 270.10 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 7.698 (est)
can have "EU Certifcate of freedom from artifical flavor(s)": Yes
Soluble in: water, 5.209 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Molecular Formula: CH3(CH2)7CH:CH(CH2)7COONa
Melting Point: 232-235 ℃(lit.)
Boling Point: 360°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 270.1°C
Solubility: Soluble in about 10 parts of water, about 20 parts of ethanol, insoluble in benzene and ether.
Vapor Presure: 3.7E-06mmHg at 25°C
Appearance: White powder
Storage Condition: Room Temprature
Sensitive: Sensitive to light and air
MDL: MFCD00004438

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM OLEATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM OLEATE:
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM OLEATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM OLEATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM OLEATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: -20 °C
Store under inert gas.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13: Non Combustible Solids

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM OLEATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

SYNONYMS:
SODIUM OLEATE
143-19-1
Oleic acid sodium salt
Oleic acid, sodium salt
Oleate, sodium
Sodiumoleate
Sodium 9-octadecenoate, (Z)-
16558-02-4
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, sodium salt
sodium (Z)-octadec-9-enoate
sodium;(Z)-octadec-9-enoate
MFCD00004438
CHEBI:81860
399SL044HN
Eunatrol
Olate flakes
CCRIS 1964
HSDB 758
Sodium 9-octadecenoate
EINECS 205-591-0
oleate sodium
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, sodium salt
9-Octadecenoic acid, sodium salt, (Z)-
UNII-399SL044HN
AI3-19806
sodium (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate
Oleic acid sodium
9-Octadecenoic acid, sodium salt
cis-9-Octadecenoic acid sodium salt
Oleic acidsodium salt
Sodium oleate, >=99%
SCHEMBL3582
C18H33NaO2
SODIUM OLEATE [HSDB]
SODIUM OLEATE [INCI]
SODIUM OLEATE [MART.]
SODIUM OLEATE [WHO-DD]
CHEMBL3527599
DTXSID7021077
HY-N1446B
OLEATE SODIUM [GREEN BOOK]
OLEIC ACID SODIUM SALT [MI]
Sodium oleate, >=98.5% (GC)
AKOS017345104
Sodium oleate, >=95% (capillary GC)
AS-10421
E-470(II)OLEIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
CS-0107318
INS-470(II)OLEIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
O0057
C18601
INS NO.470(II)OLEIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, sodium salt (1:1)
A885003
Q17397737
Oleic acid sodium
9-cis-Octadecenoic acid sodium
9Z-Octadecenoic acid sodium
cis-9-Octadecenoic acid sodium salt, Oleic acid sodium salt
Oleic Acid, Sodium Salt
9-Octadecenoic Acid (9Z)-, Sodium Salt (1:1)
9-Octadecenoic Acid (9Z)-, Sodium Salt
9-Octadecenoic Acid (Z)-, Sodium Salt
Sodium Oleate; Olate Flakes
Eunatrol
Oleic acid, Sodium salt
9 -Octadecenoic acid sodium salt
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, sodium salt (1:1)
9-Octadecenoic acid, sodium salt
Osteum
Sodium 9-octadecenoate
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, sodium salt
Eunatrol
Olate flakes
Oleic acid, sodium salt
Sodium 9-octadecenoate, (Z)-
Approx
SODIUM OLEATE POWDER
eunatrol
Lunac SO 90L
Nonsoul ON-A
NPS Red Oil Soap
Sodium oleate, 98%, for synthesis
osteum
Sodium oL
olateflakes
Osteum
SODIUM OLEATE
Oleic acid sodium salt
Sodium 9-octadecenoate
(9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid
sodium (9E)-octadec-9-enoate
sodium (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate
9-Octadecenoic acid, sodium salt
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, sodium salt

SODIUM OLEATE = OLEIC ACID SODIUM SALT

CAS Number: 143-19-1
EC Number: 205-591-0
MDL number: MFCD00004438
Molecular Formula: C18H33NaO2

Sodium Oleate is a sodium salt of oleic acid.
Sodium oleate is an organic molecular entity.
Sodium Oleate is a light tan solid with a slight tallow-like odor.
Sodium Oleate sinks and mixes slowly with water.

Sodium Oleate is classified under CAS No.143-19-1.
Sodium Oleate is also known as Oleic Acid Sodium Salt, Sodium Salt of Oleic Acid.
Sodium Oleate occurs as a white to yellowish powder or as light brown yellow coarse powder or lumps.
Sodium Oleate has characteristic odor & taste.

Sodium Oleate is soluble in alcohol and water.
Sodium Oleate is a major component of soap as emulsifying agent.
In hepatocytes, Sodium Oleate activates Protein Kinase C (PKC).
Sodium Oleate is white powder; slight tallowlike odor.

Sodium Oleate is soluble in water with partial decom- position; soluble in alcohol.
Sodium Oleate is the sodium salt of oleic acid.
Sodium Oleate functions as a binder, emulsifier, and anticaking agent.
Sodium Oleate is derived from natural fats and oils.

Sodium Oleate is a light tan solid with a slight tallow-like odor.
Sodium Oleate sinks and mixes slowly with water.
Air & Water Reactions of Sodium Oleate: Sodium Oleate is water soluble.
Sodium Oleate gives basic aqueous solution.

Sodium oleate (cas# 143-19-1) is a useful research chemical.
Sodium Oleate is an unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature.
Sodium Oleate is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent.
Sodium oleate is a yellowish powder, white or light brown yellow granular powder or lump with unusual characteristic taste and odor.

Sodium Oleate is the sodium salt of oleic acid, a common unsaturated fatty acid, which is found in many animals and plants.
Sodium oleate is not found freely in nature; however, it occurs as a part of complex naturally occurring lipids.
Sodium oleate have a tallow-like scent in its isolated form and is white crystalline solid at a room temperature.
This unsaturated fatty acid resembles a long-chain hydrocarbon tail due to a double bond.

Sodium Oleate (NaC18H33O2) is an organic additive which is the sodium “salt” of oleic acid.
Sodium Oleate comes as a powder of small, yellowish crystals that dissolve in water and alcohol.
Sodium Oleate (C18H33O2Na, CAS Reg. No. 143-19-1) is the sodium salt of oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid).
Sodium Oleate exists as a white to yellowish powder with a slight tallow-like odor.

Commercially, Sodium Oleate is made by mixing and heating flaked sodium hydroxide and oleic acid.
Sodium Oleate is a surfactant for nanomaterial synthesis.
Sodium Oleate, also known as (9Z)-Octadecanoic acid, is a fatty acid used as an emollient and one of the main components of soap as an emulsifying agent.

Sodium oleate is a chemical compound that is part of the soap-making process.
Sodium Oleate forms when sodium reacts with animal or vegetable oils and fats.
Sodium oleate has been shown to be thermally stable, which means that it does not break down at high temperatures.
Sodium Oleate is the sodium salt of oleic acid, a common unsaturated fatty acid found in many animals and plants such as olive oil.

Sodium oleate, also known as sodium oleic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.
Sodium oleate is a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa).
Sodium Oleate is a Sodium soap of Oleic acid.

Sodium Oleate is available in paste and liquid forms.
Sodium oleate is Water soluble and gives a transparent solution with distilled water.
Sodium oleate has a double bond at the middle of its long carbon chain.
Therefore, Sodium oleate shows cis-trans geometry.

Sodium oleate also contains a carboxylic acid group, which makes the molecule hydrophilic and long carbon chain makes the compound hydrophobic.
In aqueous solutions, Sodium Oleate forms a slightly alkaline pH upon dissolution.
Sodium oleate is an organic compound having the chemical formula C18H33NaO2.
Sodium oleate appears as a light tan solid at room temperature.

Sodium oleate has a slight tallow-like odour.
Sodium oleate is the sodium salt of oleic acid.
Therefore, Sodium oleate contains a sodium cation and the conjugate base of oleic acid; oleate anion.
Sodium oleate can mix with water slowly.

Sodium oleate is white to yellowish powder and lumps.
Sodium oleate is soluble in warm water, slightly soluble in 90% ethanol.
Sodium oleate is slightly like butter.
The aqueous solution is alkaline due to hydrolysis, but the alcohol solution is not hydrolyzed.

Sodium oleate has good solubility in hot water, the aqueous solution is light yellow and transparent, alkaline, soluble in ethanol, and the solution is neutral; it is slowly oxidized in the air to darken the color.
As a fatty acid, Sodium Oleate is not generally found free in nature, but rather occurs as a component of more complex naturally occurring lipids.

In Sodium Oleate's isolated form, however, the substance exudes a tallow-like scent and is a white crystalline solid at room temperature.
Sodium oleate is an unsaturated fatty acid that features a kink in the long-chain hydrocarbon tail of its molecules due to a cis double bond.
Though the biochemical is already being utilized for a variety of applications, scientists are currently investigating the fatty acid in hopes of coming to a better understanding of Sodium Oleate and finding additional uses for it.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM OLEATE:
Using Sodium Oleate in combination with a chelating reagent like dimethyl glyoxime or a -diphenyl glyoxime the floatability of garnierite mineral could be markedly increased to around 80% in alkaline region between pH11 and 12
Sodium Oleate is one of numerous organometallic compounds sold by American Elements.
Sodium Oleate is used in the treatment of cholelithiasis.

Organometallics are useful reagent, catalyst, and precursor materials with applications in thin film deposition, industrial chemistry, pharmaceuticals, LED manufacturing, and others.
Sodium Oleate is used in medicines.
In various oil based cosmetics, Sodium Oleate is used as cleansing agent, emulsifying agent, surfactant, thickening or gelling agent and viscosity controlling agent.

Sodium Oleate is used in the production of insoluble metallic stearates and industrial lubricants.
Sodium Oleate is also used as textile waterproofing agent.
Sodium Oleate can be operated as anion type surface active agent.
Sodium Oleate can be used as floating agent in mining ore industry.

Sodium Oleate can be used as laboratory reagent in manufacturing of chemicals and other oleates.
Sodium Oleate is white solid, soluble, froth or foam upon shaking the H2O solution (soap), formed by reaction of NaOH and oleic acid (in alcoholic solution) and evaporating.
Sodium Oleate is used as a source of oleate.

Sodium Oleate is used in ore flotation, waterproofing textiles, metal polishes, polymer curing, and veterinary medicine.
Sodium Oleate is used as emulsifier for oil/water systems and in the polymerization of butadiene.
Sodium Oleate is used preparation of Turkey red oil, soft soap and other oleates; in polishing Compounds; waterproofing textiles, oiling wool; manufacture of driers; thickening lubricating oils.

Sodium Oleate is used Pharmaceutic aid (solvent).
Sodium Oleate is used as barium salt in rodent extermination.
Sodium Oleate is a mild cleansing and foaming agent generally used in soaps.
Sodium Oleate is used as an industrial lubricant.

Sodium Oleate is utilized as a thickening agent in cosmetics or as a gelling agent in beauty products.
Sodium oleate is employed as an emulsifier in soaps.
Sodium Oleate is also used in medicines for the treatment of cholelithiasis.
Sodium oleate is used as a cleaning agent, surfactant, viscosity controlling agent and emulsifier in various oil-based cosmetics.

Sodium oleate is employed in the production of metallic acids.
Sodium Oleate is utilized in the textile industry as a waterproofing agent.
Sodium Oleate is used as a floating agent in the mining industry.
Sodium Oleate is employed as a laboratory reagent in the chemical industry.

Sodium oleate can be used to measure particle size by using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm technique.
The titration calorimetry technique has also been used to study the thermal stability of this compound.
Sodium oleate has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth in culture with a kinetic energy of 75 kJ/mol and an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement of 4 MΩ at 10 Hz.

Sodium Oleate also inhibits protein synthesis, leading to cell death by preventing transcription and translation, in experimental models using copper chloride as the catalyst.
Sodium oleate is used to investigate effects on apolipoprotein B synthesis, degradation and secretion in cultured cells.
Sodium oleate is used as anionic surfactant and fabric waterproofing agent

In the food industry, sodium oleate is used as a stabilizer or as a thickener.
Sodium Oleate is the most common monounsaturated fatty acids (FA) in human adipocytes and other tissues.
Sodium Oleate prompts cell proliferation and migration in high metastatic cancer cells via enhancing β-oxidation mediated by AMPK activation.
Sodium Oleate inhibits cancer cell growth and survival in low metastatic carcinoma cells, such as gastric carcinoma SGC7901 and breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell lines.

Sodium Oleate is primarily used in Construction Chemicals for manufacturing of Cement Admixtures.
Sodium Oleate is also be used as rubber foaming agent, detergent, lubricant, and catalyst.
Sodium Oleate can also be used in Submersibles.
Sodium Oleate is also a consumer in the production of the cleansing agent in household cleaning products.

Sodium Oleate is the most common monounsaturated fatty acids (FA) in human adipocytes and other tissues.
Sodium Oleate prompts cell proliferation and migration in high metastatic cancer cells via enhancing β-oxidation mediated by AMPK activation.
Sodium Oleate inhibits cancer cell growth and survival in low metastatic carcinoma cells, such as gastric carcinoma SGC7901 and breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell lines.

Sodium Oleate is used in mineral processing, waterproof fabric, soap, and serve as a anionic surfactant and fabric waterproofing agent;
Analysis of pure Sodium Oleate (AR) is used to activate protein kinase C in liver cells.
Sodium Oleate is utilized for a variety of commercial purposes, especially the production of soap.
The soaps made from the fatty acid are considered synthetic although their manufacture only requires a few steps to complete.
Sodium oleate is also often used in the production of insoluble metallic stearates via what is known as the double decomposition method.
Other uses of Sodium Oleate include its inclusion in industrial lubricants and various oil-based cosmetics as a thickening or gelling agent.

-Uses of Sodium Oleate :
*In cosmetics, sodium oleate is used for its cleansing, thickening and gelling properties. Sodium oleate is used in soaps and detergents as an emulsifying agent.
*It is also used in the coating of waterproof fabrics.
*Sodium oleate is also used in the manufacture of industrial lubricants.
*And in the mining industry, as a floating agent for minerals.

SODIUM OLEATE MARKET:
The global sodium oleate market is driven by the rise in demand from plastic and rubber processing industries.
Additionally, rise in use of sodium oleate as an ingredient for soap manufacturing is expected to propel the global market.
However, stringent regulation imposed by governments across the globe is likely to restrain the sodium oleate market.
In terms of application, the Sodium Oleate market can be segregated into lubricants, preservatives, surface cleaning agents, flotation agents, emulsifiers, waterproofing agents, thickening agents, gelling agents, and others.

Based on region, the global sodium oleate market can be divided into North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa.
Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the market due to high demand for sodium oleate from cosmetics and chemical industries.
The Sodium Oleate market in countries such as China, India, and Japan is estimated to expand at significant pace in the near future.

China is expected to be a key producer of sodium oleate due to the rise in its demand from construction, pharmaceutical, textile, and personal care industries.
The market in the North America is estimated to expand due to high demand for sodium oleate from end-use industries such as pharmaceutical and personal care in the U.S. and Canada.
The market in Europe is projected to expand at a substantial pace due to high demand for sodium oleate from the pharmaceutical industry.
The sodium oleate market in Latin America and Middle East & Africa is anticipated to expand at a sluggish pace during the forecast period.

SODIUM OLEATE MARKET: KEY SEGMENTS
Based on product, the sodium oleate market can be segmented into paste, liquid, and powder.
Sodium oleate paste is used in construction chemicals for manufacturing cement mixtures.
The powder form is used as a binder and polishing compound, while the liquid sodium oleate is used in as an emulsifier and anticaking agent.

FEATURES AND BENEFITS of SODIUM OLEATE:
*Sodium Oleate acts like surfactants and reduces the surface tension of a liquid and prevents the ingredients in the products from separating into dispersed chemicals.
*Sodium Oleate acts as a plasticizer.
*Sodium Oleate has no “creaming” effect.

PROPERTIES of SODIUM OLEATE:
– Surfactant
– Waterproofing
– Cleaning agent
– Emulsifier
– Floating agent

ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of SODIUM OLEATE:
*Unsaturated fatty acids
*Carboxylic acid salts
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic sodium salts
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds

SUBSTITUENTS of SODIUM OLEATE:
*Long-chain fatty acid
*Unsaturated fatty acid
*Carboxylic acid salt
*Organic alkali metal salt
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organic sodium salt
*Organic salt
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound

WHAT DOES SODIUM OLEATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsifying
*Surfactant
*Viscosity controlling

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SODIUM STEARATE AND SODIUM OLEATE?
Sodium stearate is an organic compound having the chemical formula C18H35NaO2 while Sodium Oleate is an organic compound having the chemical formula C18H33NaO2.
The key difference between sodium stearate and sodium oleate is that sodium stearate is the sodium salt of stearic acid, whereas sodium oleate is the sodium salt of oleic acid.
Furthermore, sodium stearate is a white solid while sodium oleate is a slightly tan solid.

SODIUM STEARATE VS SODIUM OLEATE
Sodium stearate and sodium oleate are sodium salts of two different acid compounds.
The key difference between sodium stearate and sodium oleate is that sodium stearate is the sodium salt of stearic acid, whereas sodium oleate is the sodium salt of oleic acid.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM OLEATE:
Molecular Weight: 304.44
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 15
Exact Mass: 304.23782457
Monoisotopic Mass: 304.23782457
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.1 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 21
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 239
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Color: White-Yellow
Melting Point: 235°C
Quantity: 25g
Formula Weight: 304.45
Physical Form: Crystal-Powder at 20°C
Percent Purity: ≥97.0% (T)
Chemical Name or Material: Sodium Oleate
Compound Formula: C18H33NaO2
Molecular Weight: 304.44
Appearance: White powder
Melting Point: 232-235 °C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: N/A

Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 304.237825 g/mol
Physical state: solid
Color white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 232 - 235 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decompositio temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Melting point: 232-235 °C (lit.)

storage temp.: -20°C
solubility: Methanol (Slightly)
form: Powder
color: White to slightly yellow
Odor: slt tallow odor
Water Solubility: soluble H2O, partially decomposes; soluble alcohol
Merck: 14,6828
BRN: 4046357
Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB): 18
Stability: Stable.
Min. Purity Spec: 97%
Physical Form (at 20°C): Solid

Melting Point: 220-230°C
Long-Term Storage: Store long-term in a cool, dry place
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 232.00 to 235.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 360.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.000004 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 518.00 °F. TCC ( 270.10 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 7.698 (est)
Soluble in: water, 5.209 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM OLEATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM OLEATE:
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM OLEATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM OLEATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM OLEATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: -20 °C
Store under inert gas.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM OLEATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

SYNONYMS:
SODIUM OLEATE
143-19-1
Oleic acid sodium salt
Osteum
Oleic acid, sodium salt
Oleate, sodium
Sodiumoleate
Sodium 9-octadecenoate, (Z)-
16558-02-4
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, sodium salt
sodium (Z)-octadec-9-enoate
CHEBI:81860
399SL044HN
Eunatrol
Olate flakes
MFCD00004438
CCRIS 1964
HSDB 758
Sodium 9-octadecenoate
EINECS 205-591-0
oleate sodium
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, sodium salt
9-Octadecenoic acid, sodium salt, (Z)-
sodium (Z)-octadec-9-enoate
UNII-399SL044HN
AI3-19806
sodium (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate
Oleic acid sodium
9-Octadecenoic acid, sodium salt
cis-9-Octadecenoic acid sodium salt
Oleic acidsodium salt
Sodium oleate, >=99%
SCHEMBL3582
SODIUM OLEATE
CHEMBL3527599
DTXSID7021077
HY-N1446B
OLEATE SODIUM
OLEIC ACID SODIUM SALT
Sodium oleate, >=98.5% (GC)
AKOS017345104
Sodium oleate, >=95% (capillary GC)
AS-10421
E-470(II)OLEIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
CS-0107318
INS-470(II)OLEIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
O0057
C18601
INS NO.470(II)OLEIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, sodium salt (1:1)
A885003
Q17397737
Sodium oleate, >=82% fatty acids (as oleic acid) basis, powder
Oleic acid sodium
9-cis-Octadecenoic acid sodium
9Z-Octadecenoic acid sodium
Osteum
SODIUM OLEATE
Oleic acid sodium salt
Sodium 9-octadecenoate
(9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid
sodium (9E)-octadec-9-enoate
sodium (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate
9-Octadecenoic acid, sodium salt
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, sodium salt
Approx
SODIUM OLEATE POWDER
eunatrol
Lunac SO 90L
Nonsoul ON-A
NPS Red Oil Soap
Sodium oleate, 98%, for synthesis
osteum
Sodium oL
olateflakes
9-Octadecenoic acid, sodium sal
Osteum
Sodium 9-octadecenoate
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, sodium salt
Eunatrol
Olate flakes
Oleic acid, sodium salt
Sodium 9-octadecenoate, (Z)-
Oleic Acid, Sodium Salt
9-Octadecenoic Acid (9Z)-, Sodium Salt (1:1)
9-Octadecenoic Acid (9Z)-, Sodium Salt
9-Octadecenoic Acid (Z)-, Sodium Salt
Sodium Oleate; Olate Flakes
Eunatrol
9-Octadecenoic acid, sodium salt
Oleic acid sodium salt
osteom
Sodium 9-octadecenoate
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, sodium salt
(9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid
sodium (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate
sodium (9E)-octadec-9-enoate
Sodium oleate
Sodium (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate
9-Octadecenoic acid, sodium salt, (9Z)- (1:1)
143-19-1
Oleate, sodium
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, sodium salt
(Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid sodium salt
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, sodium salt (1:1)
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, sodium salt
9-Octadecenoic acid, sodium salt, (Z)-
Eunatrol
Lunac SO 90L
Natriumoleat
Nonsoul ON 1
Nonsoul ON-A
NPS Red Oil Soap
Olate Flakes
Oleate de sodium
oleato de sodio
Oleic acid, sodium salt
Pionin D 951P
EINECS 205-591-0
Sodium 9-octadecenoate, (Z)-
UNII-399SL044HN

Sodium Tetradecene Sulfonate; Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate; C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts; Sodium alpha-olefin (c14-16) sulfonate; CAS NO : 68439-57-6

SODIUM OLEOYL SARCOSINATE N° CAS : 14351-62-3 Nom INCI : SODIUM OLEOYL SARCOSINATE N° EINECS/ELINCS : 238-312-6

SODIUM OLETH SULFATE N° CAS : 27233-34-7 "Pas terrible" dans toutes les catégories. Nom INCI : SODIUM OLETH SULFATE Classification : Sulfate, Composé éthoxylé Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Agent moussant : Capture des petites bulles d'air ou d'autres gaz dans un petit volume de liquide en modifiant la tension superficielle du liquide Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

E 232; o-phenylphenol sodium salt; SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE; Sodium-o-phenylphenate; Sodium-o-phenylphenol; SOPP; N° CAS : 132-27-4 - Orthophénylphénate de sodium; Origine(s) : Synthétique. Nom INCI : SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE; Nom chimique : Sodium 2-biphenylate; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 205-055-6; Additif alimentaire : E232. Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur. Ses fonctions (INCI); Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes; Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.Principaux synonymes; Noms français : (1,1'-Biphenyl)-2-ol, sodium salt; 2-BIPHENYLOL, SODIUM SALT; 2-HYDROXYDIPHENYL SODIUM; 2-HYDROXYDIPHENYL, SODIUM SALT; 2-PHENYL PHENOL, SODIUM SALT; 2-Phényl phénol, sel de soude; o-phenylphenol sodium salt; o-Phénylphénate de sodium; Ortho-phénylphénate de sodium; Phénylphénate de sodium (ortho-); SODIUM 2-BIPHENOLATE; SODIUM 2-BIPHENYLOLATE; SODIUM 2-HYDROXYDIPHENYL; SODIUM 2-PHENYLPHENATE; Sodium o-phenylphenate; Sodium o-phenylphenol; Sodium o-phenylphenolate; SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENOXIDE; SODIUM ORTHO PHENYLPHENATE; SODIUM ORTHO-PHENYLPHENATE; SODIUM SALT OF O-PHENYLPHENOL; Sodium, 2-phényl phénolate de; Sodium, phénylphénate de (ortho-). Noms anglais : o-phenol, sodium salt; Sodium-2-phenylphenolate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de germicides, fabrication de fongicides; 2-phenylphenol, sodium salt ; sodium 2-biphenylate; 2-phenylphenol, sodium salt; Sodium orthophenylphenoxide. Translated names; 2-Bifenilat de sodiu (ro); 2-Bifenilat tas-sodju (mt); 2-Bifenilato de sodio (es); 2-Bifenilato de sódio (pt); 2-bifenilato di sodio (it); 2-bifenylan sodu (pl) ; 2-bifenylát sodný (cs); 2-biphénylate de sodium (fr); 2-fenil-fenol, natrijeva sol (hr); 2-fenilfenol, natrijeva sol (sl); 2-fenilfenol, nátriumsó (hu); 2-fenilfenola nātrija sāls (lv); 2-fenilfenolis, natrio druska (lt); 2-fenilfenolo, sale di sodio (it); 2-fenylfenol, natriumsalt (no); 2-fenylofenolan sodu (pl); 2-Fenyylifenolin natriumsuola (fi); 2-fenüülfenool, naatriumi sool (et); 2-διφαινυλικό νάτριο (el) ; 2-фенилфенол, натриева сол (bg); bifenyl-2-olan sodu (pl); Naatrium-2-bifenülaat (et); Natrijev 2-bifenilat (hr); Natrio 2-bifeniliatas (lt); Natrium 2-biphenylat (de); Natrium-2-bifenylaat (nl) ; Natrium-2-bifenylaatti (fi); natrium-2-bifenylat (no); natrium-2-biphenylat (da); natrium-bifenyl-2-olát (cs); natriumbifenyl-2-yloksid (no); natriumbifenyl-2-yloxide (nl); natriumbiphenyl-2-yloxid (da) ; Nátrium-2-bifenilát (hu); nátrium-2-bifenylát (sk); nátrium-bifenyl-2-olát (sk); Nātrija 2-bifenilāts (lv); o-Phenylphenol (de); orthophénylphénate de sodium (fr); sare de 2-fenilfenol, sodiu (ro); sodio 2-bifenilato (it); sodiu 2-bifenilat (ro); Sodium 2-biphenylate (no); sodná soľ bifenyl-2-olu (sk); óxido de sodio y de bifenil-2-ilo (es); διφαινυλ-2-υλικό νάτριο (el); Натриев 2-бифенилат (bg); CAS names; [1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ol, sodium salt (1:1). IUPAC names: (1,1'-Biphenyl)-2-ol, sodium salt, tetrahydrate; (2-biphenylyloxy)sodium; 2-Phenylphenol Sodium Salt Tetrahydrate; Sodium 2 biphenylate; sodium 2-phenylphenolate; sodium biphenyl-2-olate; sodium;2-phenylphenolate; [1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ol, sodium salt (1:1) [ACD/Index Name]; 132-27-4 [RN]; 205-055-6 [EINECS] ; 2-Biphénylolate de sodium [French] ; Natrium-2-biphenylolat [German] ; natriumbiphenyl-2-olat [German]; o-Phenylphenol sodium; o-Phenylphenol sodium salt; Sodium 2-biphenylolate ; [ACD/IUPAC Name]; Sodium biphenyl-2-olate; sodium o-phenylphenate; sodium o-phenylphenoxide; sodium ortho-phenylphenate; (1,1'-Biphenyl)-2-ol, sodium salt; (1,1'-Biphenyl)-2-ol, sodium salt (1:1); (2-biphenylyloxy)sodium; (2-biphenylyloxy)-Sodium; [1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ol, sodium salt; [132-27-4]; 2-Bi phenylol, Sodium Salt; 2-Biphenylol sodium salt; 2-Biphenylol, Sodium Salt 2-hydroxybiphenyl sodium salt; 2-Hydroxydiphenyl sodium; 2-Hydroxydiphenyl sodium salt; 2-Hydroxydiphenyl, sodium salt; 2-PHENYL PHENOL SODIUM; 2-phenylphenol sodium ; 2-Phenylphenol Sodium Salt; 2-PHENYLPHENOL, SODIUM SALT; AGN-PC-0H22NM; bactrol; Biphenylol, sodium salt; BR-73024; D.C.S; D.C.S.; dorvicide a; Dowicide; Dowicide A ; Dowicide A & A flakes; Dowicide A Flakes; dowizid; Dowizid A; E232; EINECS 205-055-6; Hydroxydip henyl, sodium salt; Hydroxydiphenyl, sodium salt; MFCD00002209 [MDL number] ; mil-du-rid; Mystox WFA; natriphene; o-Phenyl phenol sodium salt; o-Phenylphenate sodium; o-Phenylphenate, sodium; O-Phenylphenol, na salt; o-Phenylphenol, sodium; o-Phenylphenol, sodium salt; OPP-NA; OPP-sodium; orphenol; Phenylphenol, sodium salt; Preventol ON & ON Extra; Preventol ON extra; preventolon; Preventol-ON; SCHEMBL249962; Sodium (1,1'-biphenyl)-2-olate ; Sodium [1,1`-biphenyl]-2-olate; Sodium [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-olate; Sodium 2-biphenylate; Sodium 2-hydroxydiphenyl; sodium 2-phenylbenzen-1-olate; sodium 2-phenylbenzenolate;Sodium 2-phenylphenate; sodium 2-phenylphenolate; sodium 2-phenylphenoxide; Sodium o-phenylphenol; sodium o-phenylphenolate; Sodium o-phenylphenyolate; Sodium orthophenylphenoxide ; Sodium, (2-biphenylyloxy)-; sodium;2-phenylphenolate; Sodium[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-olate; Sodium-2-biphenylate; Sodium-o-phenylphenate; Sodium-o-phenylphenol; SOPP; stopmold b ; Topane

Sodium Omadine Sodium Omadine is the sodium salt form of pyrithione, a fungistatic and antimicrobial derivative of aspergillic acid. Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, Sodium Omadine appears to interfere with membrane transport ultimately leading to a loss of metabolic control. Metalworking fluids are fertile breeding grounds for microorganisms, particularly bacteria and fungi. Their unchecked growth causes fluids to deteriorate and degrades the fluid performance; this in turn causes damage to the work piece, cutting tools and fluid handling systems. Growth of microorganisms in fluids can also affect workers by causing foul odors, skin irritation and allergic reactions. These problems can be reduced or eliminated through the proper use of an antimicrobial agent. Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial is a proprietary blend based on the antimicrobial active, sodium pyrithione (CAS # 3811-73-2) a fungicidal product with a successful history of use by the metalworking industry. Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial exhibits increased efficacy against a wide variety of microorganisms found in metalworking fluid systems. In addition to its anticipated antifungal performance, Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial also exhibits antibacterial efficacy. The improved antimicrobial performance of Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial is not a result of combinations with formaldehyde-based condensates, phenols, or isothiazoline-based products. This proprietary product is a blend of sodium pyrithione with a potentiator, and an amine coupler. This versatile antimicrobial blend can eliminate the need for formulating with multiple products. Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial provides broad-spectrum antimicrobial control to a variety of metalworking fluid formulations and is suitable for use in both metalworking fluid concentrates and as a post treatment additive. Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial is registered for use with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA Reg. No. 1258-1238) under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), for use in metalworking, cutting, cooling and lubricating concentrates and end-use fluids. If you are considering another use, please consult with an Arch Chemicals, Inc. representative. It is a violation of Federal law to use an antimicrobial agent in an application for which it does not have EPA registration. Sodium omadine 2000 AnTIMICROBIAL HAS THE FOLLOWInG PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES. Sodium pyrithione, % 10.0 Form Liquid Color Medium yellow Odor Amine pH @ 10% 11-12 Density@25°C 1.12 ADDRESSInG THE BLUE COLOR PROBLEM Metalworking fluids have been known to change color upon the addition of pyrithione-based biocides. This is often referred to as the ‘blue-color problem’. The color change is due to the presence of ionic iron, which combines with pyrithione to form a highly colored, water insoluble compound. Iron can be introduced through raw materials, dilution water, or certain metalworking fluid operations. In the case of metalworking fluid concentrates, while the levels of ionic iron present are usually low, typically in the range of 5-25 ppm (parts per million), addition of sodium pyrithione will discolor the formulation, turning it gray or at times black. One method for addressing this problem is through the use of iron specific sequestering agents, like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or Arch’s Wayhib RW Chelating Agent. A more chronic problem for pryithione-based biocides is with high-speed cast iron machining operations. Metalworking fluid formulations used in these operations tend to accumulate and maintain high levels of ionic iron, making the use of sodium pyrithione unsuitable. In controlled laboratory tests dilute metalworking fluids known to contain 100-150 ppm of ironic iron did not discolor. In addition, this proprietary new antimicrobial can be used in formulations, which accumulate and maintain high levels of iron, while in use. Additions of Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial to dilute metalworking fluids known to contain ionic iron in the range of 100-150 ppm did not turn blue, and the antimicrobial performance remains intact. AnTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY Below is a summary of data obtained using a test designed to evaluate the effectiveness of Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial in three types of metalworking fluid formulations. The test protocol calls for one hundred milliliters of appropriately diluted fluid (20:1) to be placed into two hundred fifty milliliter Erlenmyer flasks. Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial is added to each flask at the onset of the experiment. The treatment level used for this experiment was 1000 ppm, product as sold. Flasks are maintained at ambient temperature on an orbital shaker and challenged 3 times a week with a mixed inoculum of bacteria and fungi. RECOMMEnDED USE LEVELS The recommended use level for Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial in metalworking fluid concentrates (typically used at 20:1) is between 2.0-4.0%, product as sold. Post treatment dose levels of 1000-3000 ppm, product as sold, have been shown to be very effective in dilute metalworking fluids. The Following United States EPA Guidelines Should be Followed When Using This Biocide: TO INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF FUNGI AND BACTERIA IN AQUEOUS METALWORKING, CUTTING, COOLING AND LUBRICATING FLUIDS: Add up to 5000 parts per million (0. 5% v/v) of Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial to the diluted fluid (5.0 gals per 1000 gals). When adding fresh diluted fluid to compensate for dragout or other losses, add Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial to makeup fluid according to the above directions. Frequent checks (at least once per week) of the bacterial and fungal population in the system should be made using standard microbiological plate count procedures or any of the commercial "dip-stick" type devices. When the bacterial count reaches 105 and/or the fungal count reaches 102 organisms per milliliter, add additional Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial according to the above directions. The fluid should be checked at least once per day with a refractometer (or other suitable means) to determine if water loss by evaporation has occurred. Make-up water should be added daily to compensate for such losses. The fluid should be monitored at least once per week (depending on the metalworking operation involved) for the following: tramp oil, pH, odor, oil droplet size, and anticorrosion properties. If any of these parameters is outside the specifications established for the system in question, they should be brought up to specifications by the addition of suitable additives or the fluid should be discarded and replaced after cleaning the system. Add Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial to the fresh fluid according to the above directions. Contaminated fluid systems should be cleaned prior to the addition of Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial. Drain the system, clean with a cleaner designed for this purpose, rinse with water, and refill with fresh fluid. Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial may be added to the fluid at the time it is prepared (diluted) or to the reservoir (sump) containing the fluid after it is put into use. If it is added to the reservoir, the fluid should be circulated after addition to ensure mixing. LIGHT STABILITY Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial will gradually degrade when exposed to UV light. Formulations containing Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial should be packaged in brown or opaque containers unless tests have shown that photodegradation is not a problem. PH STABILITY Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial is effective over the pH range typical of most metalworking fluids. Below pH 4.5, the sodium salt is in equilibrium with free pyrithione and while pyrithione is microbiologically active, it is very unstable in the presence of light or oxygen. CHEMICAL REACTIVITY Oxidizing agents (such as peroxides and hypohalites) will convert pyrithione first to dipyrithione (2,2'-dithiobis-pyridine-1, 1'- dioxide), which is microbiologically active, and finally to pyrithione sulfinic or sulfonic acid, which are not microbiologically active compounds. SAFETY InFORMATIOn Material Safety Data Sheets containing appropriate health and safety advice on Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial are available from your nearest regional office. PACKAGInG Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial is available from Rochester, NY in 45lb. And 500 lb. Containers and is available from Swords, Republic of Ireland in a 226.8 kg container. To place an order, call our order fulfillment group at 770-805-3301. APPLICATIOn For product application and formulation information please refer to Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial product labeling. Directions for Use of Sodium omadine To inhibit the growth of fungi in aqueous metalworking, cutting, cooling and lubricating fluids: Add up to 1250 ppm (0.125% v/v) of Sodium omadine fungicide to the diluted fluid (1.25 gal per 1000 gal of solution). Typical recommended dose levels are between 200 and 500 ppm, product as sold. Different use and contamination conditions may require different levels of Sodium omadine fungicide and while compatible with most metalworking fluids physical and chemical compatibility testing is recommended. When adding fresh diluted fluid to compensate for dragout or other losses, add Sodium omadine fungicide to make-up fluid according to the above directions. Frequent checks (at least once per week) of the bacterial and fungal population in the system should be made using standard microbiological plate count procedures or any of the commercial “dip-stick” type devices. When the fungal count reaches 102 organisms per milliliter or greater, add additional Sodium omadine fungicide according to the above directions. The fluid should be checked at least once per day with a refractometer (or other suitable means) to determine if water loss by evaporation has occurred. Make-up water should be added daily to compensate for such losses. The fluid should be monitored at least once per week (depending on the metalworking operation involved) for the following: tramp oil, pH, odor, oil droplet size, and anticorrosion properties. If any of these parameters is outside the specifications established for the system in question, they should be brought up to specifications by the addition of suitable additives or the fluid should be discarded and replaced after cleaning the system. Add Sodium omadine fungicide to the fresh fluid according to the above directions. Contaminated fluid systems should be cleaned prior to the addition of Sodium omadine fungicide. Drain the system, clean with a cleaner designed for this purpose, rinse with water, and refill with fresh fluid. Sodium omadine fungicide may be added to the fluid at the time it is prepared (diluted) or to the reservoir (sump) containing the fluid after it is put into use. If it is added to the reservoir, the fluid should be circulated after addition to ensure mixing. To inhibit the growth of fungi in aqueous metalworking, cutting, cooling and lubricating concentrates: Add an amount that will give up to 1250 ppm in the diluted fluid. The amount required in the concentrate will depend on the end use dilution. For example: If the desired level of Sodium omadine fungicide in the diluted fluid is 200 ppm, and the end use dilution of the fluid is 5%, then a 0.4% concentration of Sodium omadine fungicide is required in the concentrate (200 ppm/0.05 = 4,000 ppm or 0.4%). Heat Stability of Sodium omadine Sodium omadine fungicide is stable at 100°C for at least 120 hours. At 150°C, the assay of Sodium omadine fungicide decreases 29% during a 48-hour period. The heat of decomposition, as measured under nitrogen by differential scanning calorimetry, is 158 cal/g for Sodium omadine fungicide. pH Stability of Sodium omadine Sodium omadine fungicide can be used over the pH range from 4.5 to 11.0. Below pH 4.5, the sodium salt is in equilibrium with free pyrithione. Pyrithione is active microbiologically, but is very unstable in the presence of light or oxygen. Light Stability of Sodium omadine Sodium omadine fungicide will gradually degrade when exposed to light, depending on the nature of the formulation. Formulations containing Sodium omadine fungicide should be packaged in brown or opaque containers unless tests have shown that photodegradation is not a problem. Sodium omadine Fungicide is a highly active, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that, when used at recommended concentrations, can help to prevent and minimize problems associated with fungal contamination. Sodium omadine is the 40% aqueous sodium salt derivative of pyrithione. Sodium Omadine functions as a wet-state preservative against bacteria and fungus in latex paints. Sodium Omadine is a highly active, very effective water soluble sodium pyrithione. Offers pronounced growth-inhibiting activity against both yeasts and molds. Sodium Omadine possesses non-irritating and non-sensitizing properties. Chemical Properties Clear solution Uses For chemistry of 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide, see Aldrichimica Acta.1 Uses sodium pyrithione is a preservative that is not commonly used because of some level of toxicity. It is prohibited in Canada, and it is on the eu Annex II list of substances that must not form part of a cosmetic product composition. Uses Sodium omadine is a bactericide for use in cooling fluids and short-term in-can preservation of vinyl acetate latex, paints, and synthetic-fiber lubricants; preservative for cosmetic rinse-off products. Definition Apparently exists in equilibrium with the -SH form. Forms chelates with iron, manganese, zinc, etc. brand name Sodium Omadine (Olin). Safety Profile Poison by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, subcutaneous and parenteral routes. Used in preservation of cosmetics. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Na2O, NOx, and SOx. See also MERCAPTANS. Sodium omadine is the sodium salt form of pyrithione, a fungistatic and antimicrobial derivative of aspergillic acid. Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, Sodium omadine appears to interfere with membrane transport ultimately leading to a loss of metabolic control. Sodium omadine is the common name of an organosulfur compound with molecular formula C5H5NOS, chosen as an abbreviation of pyridinethione, and found in the Persian shallot. It exists as a pair of tautomers, the major form being the thione 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione and the minor form being the thiol 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide; it crystallises in the thione form.[5] It is usually prepared from either 2-bromopyridine,[1] 2-chloropyridine, or 2-chloropyridine N-oxide,[8] and is commercially available as both the neutral compound and its sodium salt.[1] It is used to prepare zinc Sodium omadine, which is used primarily to treat dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis in medicated shampoos, though is also an anti-fouling agent in paints. Preparation The preparation of Sodium omadine was first reported in 1950[13] by Shaw[14] and was prepared by reaction of 2-chloropyridine N-oxide with sodium hydrosulfide followed by acidification,[8] or more recently with sodium sulfide.[15] 2-chloropyridine N-oxide itself can be prepared from 2-chloropyridine using peracetic acid.[16] Another approach involves treating the same starting N-oxide with thiourea to afford pyridyl-2-isothiouronium chloride N-oxide which undergoes base hydrolysis to Sodium omadine.[1][17] 2-Bromopyridine can be oxidised to its N-oxide using a suitable peracid (as per 2-chloropyridine), both approaches being analogous to that reported in Organic Syntheses for the oxidation of pyridine to its N-oxide. A substitution reaction using either sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) or sodium sulfide with sodium hydroxide will allow the replacement of the bromo substituent with a thiol functional group. The alternative strategy is to form the mercaptan before introducing the N-oxide moiety. 2-Mercaptopyridine was originally synthesized in 1931 by heating 2-chloropyridine with calcium hydrosulfide,[6] an approach similar that first used to prepare Sodium omadine.[8] The analogous thiourea approach via a uronium salt was reported in 1958 and provides a more convenient route to 2-mercaptopyridine.[7] Oxidation to the N-oxide can then be undertaken. The disulfide diSodium omadine, 2,2'-dithiobis(pyridine-N-oxide) Sodium omadine is found as a natural product in the Allium stipitatum plant, an Asian species of onion, also known as the Persian shallot.[4] Its presence was detected using positive ion mass spectrometry using a DART ion source[19] and the disulfide diSodium omadine [de] (2,2'-disulfanediylbis(pyridine)-1,1'-dioxide) has been reported from the same species.[20] DiSodium omadine can be prepared in a laboratory by oxidation of Sodium omadine with chlorine in the presence of sodium hydroxide: 2 C5H4NOSH + Cl2 + 2 NaOH → ONC5H4–S–S–C5H4NO + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O DiSodium omadine is used as a fungicide and bactericide,[8] and has been reported to possess novel cytotoxic activity by inducing apoptosis.[21] Properties Tautomerisation of the sodium salt of Sodium omadine (thione form on the left, thiolate form on the right) Sodium omadine exists as a pair of prototropes, a form of tautomerism whereby the rapid interconversion of constitutional isomers involves the shift of a single proton, in this case between the sulfur and oxygen atoms (shown in the infobox above). Salts of the conjugate base of Sodium omadine can also be considered to exhibit tautomerism by notionally associating the sodium ion with whichever heteroatom bears the negative charge of the anion (as opposed to the formal charges associated with the N-oxide); however, considering the anion alone, this could also be described as an example of resonance. Sodium omadine is a weak acid with pKa values of −1.95 and +4.6 (thiol proton), but is a markedly stronger acid than either of its parent compounds (pyridine-N-oxide and pyridine-2-thiol), both of which have pKa > 8.[22] It is only slightly soluble in water (2.5 g L−1) but is soluble in many organic solvents (including benzene, chloroform, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and ethyl acetate) and slight solubility in others (diethyl ether, ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, and tetrahydrofuran). Sodium omadine can be used as a source of hydroxyl radical in organic synthesis as it photochemically decomposes to HO• and (pyridin-2-yl)sulfanyl radical. Applications Structures of 1:2 complexes of zinc and the conjugate base of Sodium omadine Top: Structural formula of the monomer Bottom: Ball-and-stick model of the dimer The conjugate base of Sodium omadine (pyrithionate ion) is an anion containing two donor atoms, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom each bearing a negative formal charge; the nitrogen atom remains formally positively charged. The thiolate anion can be formed by reaction with sodium carbonate, and zinc Sodium omadine is formed when zinc chloride is added.[10] The anion can act as either a monodentate or bidentate ligand and forms a 1:2 complex with a zinc(II) metal centre. Zinc Sodium omadine has been used since the 1930s though its preparation was not disclosed until a 1955 British patent[13] in which Sodium omadine was reacted directly with hydrated zinc sulfate in ethanol.[9] In its monomeric form, zinc Sodium omadine has two of the anions chelated to a zinc centre with a tetrahedral geometry. In the solid state, it forms a dimer in which each zinc centre adopts a trigonal bipyramidal geometry with two of the anions acting as bridging ligands coordinated through the oxygen atoms in the axial positions.[26] In solution, the dimers dissociate via scission of zinc-oxygen bonds to each bridging ligand. Further dissociation of the monomer into its constituents can occur and is undesirable as the complex is more potent in medical applications; for this reason, zinc carbonate can be added to formulations as it inhibits the monomer dissociation. Zinc Sodium omadine has a long history of use in medicated shampoos to treat dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis (dandruff can be considered a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis). It exhibits both antifungal and antimicrobial properties, inhibiting the Malassezia yeasts which promote these scalp conditions. The mechanisms by which this work are the subject of ongoing study. It can be used as an antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus and Streptococcus infections for conditions such as athlete's foot, eczema, psoriasis, and ringworm. It is known to be cytotoxic against Pityrosporum ovale, especially in combination with ketoconazole, which is the preferred formulation for seborrheic dermatitis.[11] Sodium omadine itself inhibits membrane transport processes in fungi. Paints used in external environments sometimes include zinc Sodium omadine as a preventive against algae and mildew. Sodium omadine zinc is an antibacterial and antifungal agent developed by scientists in the 1930's. Since then it has been used to treat seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp and other skin conditions such as eczema, athlete's foot, and vitiligo, as well as psoriasis. Because of its antifungal properties, it is commonly found in dandruff shampoo. Products containing Sodium omadine zinc are available today with and without prescription, and it is the main ingredient in many over-the-counter creams, lotions, soaps, and shampoos. It also has antibacterial properties and is effective against many pathogens from the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus genera. Sodium omadine zinc`s other medical applications include treatments of psoriasis, eczema, ringworm, fungus, athletes foot, dry skin, atopic dermatitis, tinea, and vitiligo. Its antifungal effect is thought to derive from its ability to disrupt membrane transport by blocking the proton pump that energizes the transport mechanism. Stability: At room temperature in the dark, Sodium omadine is stable in the pH range 4.5 to 9.5. At 100°C it is stable for at least 120 hours, at 150°C 29 % of the substance has decomposed within 48 hours. In the light or in contact with weak oxidizing agents Sodium omadine is converted to the disulfide, 2,2-pyridyl-N-oxide disulfide. With stronger oxidizing agents or in alkaline solution (pH > 9.5) the substance is converted via a number of intermediates to the sulfonic acid; the reaction with reducing agents yields thiopyridine (Olin Corporation 1989f). Independent of the exposure route, Sodium omadine is of low toxicity. The typical symptom of intoxication in rats, mice and rabbits given single or multiple doses of the substance is reversible paralysis of the rear extremities. This effect is not seen in monkeys or dogs. In both these species effects on the pupillary reflex and photophobia were observed. Irreversible eye damage, however, has been seen only in species which have a tapetum lucidum, for example, the dog. Sodium omadine is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and through the intact skin. The substance is excreted rapidly in the form of urinary metabolites. Applied to rabbits, the substance causes slight irritation of the skin and eyes. Brief contact with aqueous solutions containing less than 1 % Sodium omadine produced no effects in animals or man; sensitization could not be demonstrated. Reproductive toxicity is not observed, either after dermal application to rats or rabbits or after oral administration to rats. Embryotoxicity develops in rats but not in rabbits after maternally toxic doses of Sodium omadine. Genotoxic effects of Sodium omadine could not be demonstrated in the Salmonella mutagenicity test, in the HPRT (hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase) test or in the test for DNA repair in rat hepatocytes. However, because the substance is cytotoxic, only low concentrations could be tested. Negative results were also obtained in vivo in the micronucleus test. Sodium omadine is not carcinogenic either after dermal application to mice or after oral administration to rats. There are no reports of toxic effects of single exposures of persons to Sodium omadine. Reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of Sodium omadine in man have not been described. Sodium omadine zinc, or zinc Sodium omadine or zinc pyridinethione, is a coordination complex consisted of Sodium omadine ligands chelated to zinc (2+) ions via oxygen and sulfur centers. In the crystalline state, it exists as a centrosymmetric dimer. Due to its dynamic fungistatic and bacteriostatic properties, Sodium omadine zinc is used to treat dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Dandruff is a common scalp disease affecting >40% of the world's adult population, and may be caused by fungi such as Malassezia globosa and M. restricta 3. Sodium omadine zinc is commonly found as an active ingredient in OTC antidandruff topical treatments such as shampoos. It mediates its action by increasing the cellular levels of copper, and damaging iron-sulfur clusters of proteins essential for fungal metabolism and growth 1. Due to low solubility, Sodium omadine zinc released from the topical formulations is deposited and retained relatively well onto the target skin surfaces 2. Other uses of Sodium omadine zinc include additive in antifouling outdoor paints and algaecide. While its use has been approved in the early 1960's by the FDA 4, safety and effectiveness of Sodium omadine zinc has been reported for decades. It is not shown to have any significant estrogenic activity according to the in vivo and in vitro assays 4. Photodegradation in water A study of the photolysis rate of sodium omadine has been carried out. In a GLP study conducted according to US guideline US FDA Technical Assistance Document, Guideline 3.10 Photodegradation. 1987.) (5.1.3.001, EZPTF 7011-121) at a concentration of 10 mg/L, DT50for photolysis were determined to be <10 minutes at pH 5 and 7 and <15 minutes at pH 9. Degradants were not identified in this study. A further study of the aqueous photolysis rate of Sodium omadine has also been conducted (refer to Table 5.1.2). Study (5.1.3.003, EZPTF 7011-123) was conducted to determine the influence of concentration on photolysis rates. Photolysis was done in deionized water with zinc Sodium omadine concentrations of 0.1-1 μg/L, which are much closer to predicted environmental concentrations than those of the other two studies. Exposure to natural sunlight (42° N latitude) was done in quartz tubes at noon during the months of July through October. ZnPT was shown to have considerable absorptivity in the range of 290-400 nm, where photoactive solar radiation is available and photolysis in natural sunlight was very rapid. Measured photolysis half-lives ranged from 1.1 to 1.4 minutes in deionized water. Simultaneous exposure of the actinometer (o‑nitrobenzaldehyde) solutions allowed the calculation of photolysis disappearance quantum yields. Reproducibility at the very low concentrations used in this study required that several exposure experiments be run for each test compound and the results averaged. The quantum yield for ZnPT at 3.15 x 10-9M and 3.15 x 10-10M was 0.17 ± 0.06 (n = 4). This study also demonstrated that three metallic complexes of Sodium omadine (Zinc, Copper and Sodium) all exhibited the same photolysis rate at environmentally relevant concentrations. Photodegradation in air This point is regarded not to be relevant because: - the vapour pressure of NaPT is very low, resulting in negligible exposure to the atmosphere. - the calculation according to the Atkinson calculation method (5.1.1.001, ESPTF 7031-001) indicates a short half-life (53.8 hours) of sodium Sodium omadine in the atmosphere. Summary of degradation - Sodium Sodium omadine is hydrolytically stable. - Sodium Sodium omadine passes the ready biodegradability test according to OECD 301B and biodegradation is rapid in soil, water-sediment, and STP. The degradation profile is well identified passing through several transient degradants to a final somewhat persistent degradant 2‑pyridine sulphonic acid (PSA). - Photolysis is extremely rapid—again leading to the final somewhat persistent degradant 2‑pyridine sulphonic acid (PSA). - The final degradant, PSA, passes the ready biodegradability test according to OECD 301B. Sodium omadine is a fungistatic and antimicrobial derivative of aspergillic acid. Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, Sodium omadine appears to interfere with membrane transport ultimately leading to a loss of metabolic control. Absorption Following oral ingestion, only the Sodium omadine moiety is absorbed. Less than 1% of administered zinc Sodium omadine is absorbed from the skin [L1758]. Radioabeled Zn Sodium omadine administered to rats, rabbits and monkeys, either orally or via intraperitoneal injection were absorbed into circulatin to extent of 80-90% [L1758].Inhibition of fungal growth by Sodium omadine zinc is linked to increased copper uptake and cellular levels of copper, which is demonstrated by decreased CTR1-lacZ expression and slightly increased CUP1-lacZ expression in affected microorganisms [A32162]. The coordination complex of Sodium omadine zinc dissociates, and Sodium omadine ligand forms a CuPT complex from available extracellular copper in the target organism. Sodium omadine acts as an ionophore, interacting nonspecifically with the plasma membrane to shuttle copper into the cell, and facilitates copper transport across intracellular membranes [A32162]. Copper may be shuttled into the mitochondria. Copper inactivates iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster-containing proteins via a mechanism similar to that described for copper-induced growth inhibition in bacteria [A32162]. Decreased activity of Fe-S proteins leads to inhibition of fungal metabolism and fungal growth. Sodium omadine zinc has been shown to slightly increase the levels of zinc [A32162]. Sodium omadine (or pyrithione zinc) is a coordination complex of zinc. It has fungistatic (that is, it inhibits the division of fungal cells) and bacteriostatic (inhibits bacterial cell division) properties and is used in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Structure of the compound The pyrithione ligands, which are formally monoanions, are chelated to Zn2+ via oxygen and sulfur centers. In the crystalline state, Sodium omadine exists as a centrosymmetric dimer (see figure), where each zinc is bonded to two sulfur and three oxygen centers.[3] In solution, however, the dimers dissociate via scission of one Zn-O bond. This compound was first described in the 1930s. Pyrithione is the conjugate base derived from 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide (CAS# 1121-31-9), a derivative of pyridine-N-oxide. Uses Medical Sodium omadine can be used to treat dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis.[medical citation needed] It also has antibacterial properties and is effective against many pathogens from the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus genera.[medical citation needed] Its other medical applications include treatments of psoriasis, eczema, ringworm, fungus, athletes foot, dry skin, atopic dermatitis, tinea versicolor,[5] and vitiligo. In paint Due to its low solubility in water (8 ppm at neutral pH), Sodium omadine is suitable for use in outdoor paints and other products that provide protection against mildew and algae. It is an effective algaecide. It is chemically incompatible with paints relying on metal carboxylate curing agents. When used in latex paints with water containing high amount of iron, a sequestering agent that will preferentially bind the iron ions is needed. Its decomposition by ultraviolet light is slow, providing years of protection even against direct sunlight. In sponges Sodium omadine is also used as an antibacterial treatment for household sponges, most notably by the 3M Corporation.[6] In clothing A process to apply Sodium omadine to cotton with washable results was patented in the United States in 1984.[7] Sodium omadine is now used to prevent microbe growth in polyester.[8] Textiles with applied Sodium omadine protect against odor-causing microorganisms. Export of antimicrobial textiles reached US$497.4 million in 2015. Mechanism of action Its antifungal effect is thought to derive from its ability to disrupt membrane transport by blocking the proton pump that energizes the transport mechanism. Health effects Sodium omadine is approved for over-the-counter topical use in the United States as a tr

Sodium Omadine 40% Fungicide is a highly active, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that, when used at recommended concentrations, can help to prevent and minimize problems associated with fungal contamination.
Sodium Omadine 40% is the 40% aqueous sodium salt derivative of pyrithione.
Sodium Omadine 40% is incorporated into certain paints and coatings to provide antimicrobial properties, helping to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi on surfaces.

CAS Number: 3811-73-2
Molecular Formula: C5H6NNaOS
Molecular Weight: 151.16
EINECS Number: 223-296-5

Sodium Omadine, 3811-73-2, Sodium pyrithione, Sodium (2-pyridylthio)-N-oxide, Pyrithione sodium salt, Omadine sodium, PYRITHIONE SODIUM, 2-Pyridinethiol-1-oxide sodium salt, sodium (1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-2-yl)sulfanide, MFCD01941547, 2-Mercaptopyridine 1-oxide sodium salt, DTXSID3042390, 2-Mercaptopyridinen-oxide sodium salt, 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide (sodium), Tomicide s, 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione sodium salt, 6L3991491R, Topcide 280, 2-Pyridinethiol, 1-oxide, sodium salt (1:1), 2-Pyridinethiol 1-Oxide Sodium Salt, Sodium 2-sulfidopyridine 1-oxide, NSC-4483, Sodium omadine (VAN), AL-02725, Sodium pyrithione (VAN), 1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione, sodium salt, 2(1H)-Pyridinethione, 1-hydroxy-, sodium salt, 2-Mercaptopyridine n-oxide sodium, Prestwick_78, NSC 4483, EINECS 223-296-5, Sodium, (2-pyridylthio)-, N-oxide, Sodium, (2-pyridinylthio)-, N-oxide, 2-Pyridinethiol, N-oxide, sodium salt, (1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione), sodium salt, AI3-22596, 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt anhydrous, SCHEMBL3101261, CHEMBL2364542, DTXCID1022390, SODIUM PYRITHIONE [INCI], AMY3577, WNGMMIYXPIAYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M, UNII-6L3991491R, N-Hydroxypyridinethione Sodium Salt, PYRITHIONE SODIUM [WHO-DD], STR00395, Tox21_300128, AKOS000121187, 2-Mercaptopyridine-1-oxide sodium salt, AC-1079, HY-125785A, Pyridine-2-thiol 1-oxide, sodium salt, NCGC00254107-01, SY061676, CAS-3811-73-2, CS-0129647, M0632, M2841, 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, 95%, 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, 98%, 2-PYRIDINETHIOL-1-OXIDE, SODIUM SALT, EN300-18847, 2-Mercaptopyridine-N-oxide sodium salt hydrate, EC 223-296-5, 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, >=96%, (1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione), sodium salt, tech., W-106499, Q27265081, Z90667629, 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, >=96.0% (NT), SODIUM SALT OF 1-HYDROXY 2(1H)-PYRIDINE, THIONE,Mercaptopyridine n-oxide sodium,N-Hydroxypyridinethione Sodium Salt,EBD41219,STR00395,Tox21_300128,AKOS000121187,sodium1-, oxidopyridin-1-ium-2-thiolate,2- ercaptopyridine-1-oxide sodium salt,AC-1079,HY-125785A,Pyridine-2-thiol 1-oxide, sodium salt, NCGC00254107-01, CAS-3811-73-2, CS-0129647,M0632,M2841,Sodium, (2 pyridylthio)-, N-oxide (7CI),2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, 95%,EC 223-296-5,2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, >=96%,(1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione), sodium salt, tech.,2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, anhydrous,W-106499,Q27265081,2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, >=96.0% (NT),Sodium pyridine-2-thiolate N-oxide, 40% aqueous solution,2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt solution, ~40% in H2O, very deep brown,Sodium2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, 2-Mercaptopyridine-N-oxide sodium salt,,2-Pyridinethiol-1-oxide sodium salt, N-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione sodium salt,Omadine sodium, Omadine sodium 40%, pyrithione sodium, 2-Pyridinethiol, 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione sodium salt, 2- Mercaptopyridine-1-oxide sodium salt, 2-Pyridinethiol-1-oxide sodium salt, Pyrithione sodium salt, 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide, 1- hydroxypyridine-2-thione, 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide (CAS No. 1121-31-9), 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione (CAS No. 1121-30-8), NaPT, Sodi, UT900000, SODIUM OMADINE, thione(reagent), Sodium pyrithion, SODIUM PYRITHIONE, PYRITHIONE SODIUM, PYRITHIONE SODIUM SALT, Sodium pyrithione(NaPT), Sodium (2-pyridylthio)-N-oxide (3811-73-2), 15922-78-8: Pyrithione sodium, 1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethionato sodium, 1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione, sodium salt, AL02725, Omacide 24, Omadine sodium, SQ 3277, Sel de sodium de 1-hydroxy-2 (1H)- pyridinethione [French], Sodium 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione

Sodium Omadine 40% fungicide is registered with the United States Environmental Protection Agency under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), for use in metalworking, cutting, cooling and lubricating concentrates and enduse fluids.
Sodium Omadine 40% helps control the growth of the yeast Malassezia, which is associated with dandruff.
Sodium Omadine 40% is used in various industrial applications where antimicrobial properties are required.

This includes its use in formulations for coatings, paints, and other materials.
In some formulations, Sodium Omadine 40% can serve as a preservative, helping to prevent the growth of microorganisms in products like paints and adhesives.
Sodium Omadine 40% is generally compatible with a range of formulations, but its effectiveness and stability can depend on the specific product and conditions of use.

Products containing sodium omadine are subject to regulatory oversight, and their use and concentration may be governed by local regulations and guidelines.
Sodium Omadine 40% Fungicide by Arxada is a sodium pyrithione.
Sodium Omadine 40% Fungicide provides good short-term protection against bacteria and fungus.

In the United States Sodium Omadine 40% is a violation of federal law to use an antimicrobial agent in an application for which it does not have EPA registration.
Sodium Omadine 40% is a fungicide, 40% active content, formaldehyde free, pH stable aqueous solution designed for concentrates and tankside use.
Avoid use in cast iron grinding applications.

Sodium Omadine 40% is a broad spectrum antifungal agent and is effective against many fungi (yeast and mold) commonly found in metalworking fluid systems and an excellent choice for use as a tankside additive.
Sodium Omadine 40% is a chemical compound that is commonly used as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent.
The active ingredient in sodium omadine is 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, commonly known as pyrithione.

Sodium Omadine 40%'s are effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi.
Sodium Omadine 40% refers to a solution in which the active ingredient, sodium pyrithione, is present at a concentration of 40%.
This solution is often used in various applications, such as in the formulation of antimicrobial products, including shampoos, soaps, and industrial disinfectants.

Sodium omadine 40% is known for its antimicrobial properties.
Sodium Omadine 40% can inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, making it effective in products designed for hygiene and disinfection.
Sodium Omadine 40%, particularly in lower concentrations, is commonly used as an active ingredient in dandruff shampoos.

In addition to dandruff shampoos, Sodium Omadine 40% may be included in certain skin care products, such as soaps and lotions, to impart antimicrobial effects.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in textile treatments to provide antimicrobial properties to fabrics, reducing the growth of odor-causing bacteria and fungi.
Some personal care products, including body washes and hand sanitizers, may contain sodium omadine as an antimicrobial agent.

Sodium Omadine 40% has been explored for its potential use in water treatment applications to control the growth of microorganisms in water systems.
Certain plastic and polymer products may incorporate Sodium Omadine 40% to provide antimicrobial properties, particularly in applications where microbial growth could be a concern.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants to prevent the growth of microorganisms, contributing to product stability.

In the leather industry, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in treatments to provide antimicrobial effects, helping to preserve and protect leather products.
Sodium Omadine 40% has been explored for its potential use in wood preservation treatments, where it could contribute to preventing decay caused by fungi and bacteria.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be incorporated into metalworking fluids to control the growth of microorganisms, maintaining the quality of the fluids.

In certain applications, Sodium Omadine 40% is used to protect copper and copper alloys from corrosion caused by microorganisms.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be part of formulations for disinfectants and sanitizers, contributing to their antimicrobial efficacy.
In veterinary products, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in certain formulations, such as shampoos for pets, to address skin conditions and control microbial growth.

Sodium Omadine 40% has been studied for its potential use in cooling tower water treatment to control microbiological fouling.
Sodium Omadine 40% may find applications in the oil and gas industry for controlling microbial growth in various processes.
Sodium Omadine 40% is widely used as a biocide, meaning it has the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae.

In the marine industry, Sodium Omadine 40% is employed in antifouling coatings to prevent the growth of marine organisms on ship hulls, reducing drag and fuel consumption.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in the paper and pulp industry to control microbial growth in various stages of paper production.
Sodium Omadine 40% is utilized in cooling water treatment to prevent the formation of biofilms, algae, and other microorganisms that can impact the efficiency of cooling systems.

Sodium Omadine 40% has been studied for its potential use in reservoir preservation, particularly in preventing microbial-related issues in water reservoirs.
In enhanced oil recovery processes, Sodium Omadine 40% may be considered to control microbial growth and maintain fluid quality.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be employed in petrochemical processes to inhibit microbial fouling and degradation of equipment.

Sodium Omadine 40% may find applications in agriculture, including the preservation of agricultural products and the control of microbial contaminants in farm settings.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be added to metal cutting fluids to prevent microbial contamination and maintain the stability of the fluids during machining processes.
In the oil and gas sector, Sodium Omadine 40% may be employed in drilling fluids and completion fluids to control microbial growth in oilfield operations.

Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in certain biomedical and healthcare products, such as wound care formulations, where antimicrobial properties are desired.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in treatments for footwear and textiles to impart antimicrobial properties, reducing odor and microbial growth.
Sodium Omadine 40% is applied in wood coatings to protect against decay caused by fungi and bacteria, particularly in outdoor or humid environments.

In the construction industry, Sodium Omadine 40% may be incorporated into concrete additives to prevent the growth of microorganisms on surfaces.
Sodium Omadine 40% is effective in controlling mold and mildew growth in various applications, such as in building materials and household products.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in water-based systems, such as paints and adhesives, to prevent microbial contamination and extend the shelf life of these product.

Sodium Omadine 40% finds applications in the metalworking industry for preserving metalworking fluids and preventing microbial degradation.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be utilized in the polymer industry to control microbial contamination in polymer formulations.
Sodium Omadine 40% possesses high water solubility, high activity and non-irritating & non-sensitizing properties.

Melting point: -25 °C
Boiling point: 109 °C
Density: 1.22
vapor pressure: 0-0Pa at 25℃
refractive index:1.4825
storage temp.. Hygroscopic, -20°C Freezer, Under inert atmosphere
solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, faintly yellow
form: Solution
color: very deep brown
Water: Solubility: 54.7 g/100 mL
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: 334nm(H2O)(lit.)
Merck: 14,7994
BRN: 4026050
InChIKey: WNGMMIYXPIAYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: -2.38 at 20℃ and pH7

Sodium Omadine 40% is used in waterborne coatings for wood, metal, and other substrates to inhibit the growth of mold, mildew, and other microorganisms.
Sodium Omadine 40% is used in some paints labeled as anti-mold or anti-mildew paints for interior and exterior applications.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be incorporated into polyurethane foams to prevent the growth of microorganisms, making it suitable for various applications, including mattresses and cushions.

Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in biomedical coatings, such as those used in medical devices, to provide antimicrobial protection.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in disinfectant wipes to provide antimicrobial efficacy for surface cleaning and disinfection.
In the formulation of latex binders, Sodium Omadine 40% may be added to provide protection against microbial degradation.

Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in treatments for carpets and textiles to prevent the growth of odor-causing bacteria and fungi.
Sodium Omadine 40% may find applications in air purification systems to inhibit microbial growth on filters and surfaces within the system.
Sodium Omadine 40% is sometimes included in household cleaning products, such as multi-surface cleaners, to provide antimicrobial benefits.

Sodium Omadine 40% can be included in air fresheners and deodorizers to provide antimicrobial benefits, particularly in formulations designed to eliminate odors caused by microbial activity.
Sodium Omadine 40% is employed in humidifier treatments to prevent microbial growth in the water reservoir of humidification systems.
In aquaculture settings, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used to control microbial contamination in water systems and protect aquatic organisms.

Sodium Omadine 40% can be applied to construction materials, such as wood and metal, to prevent microbial decay and degradation.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in water-based adhesive formulations to prevent microbial contamination and maintain adhesive performance.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be incorporated as an additive in paper coatings to provide antimicrobial protection and enhance the longevity of paper products.

Sodium Omadine 40% is employed in some filtration systems to prevent microbial growth on filter media, ensuring the efficiency of the filtration process.
In the construction industry, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in concrete sealers to protect against microbial deterioration of concrete surfaces.

Sodium Omadine 40% is sometimes used as an active ingredient in antimicrobial sprays for various surfaces, providing a protective barrier against microbial contamination.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be utilized in septic tank treatments to control the growth of bacteria in the tank and prevent odor issues.

Uses:
Sodium Omadine 40% is used in the preservation of various industrial fluids, such as metalworking fluids, to prevent microbial degradation.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be added to concrete formulations or coatings to prevent microbial deterioration of concrete surfaces.
Sodium Omadine 40% may find applications in the oil and gas industry, particularly in drilling fluids and completion fluids, to control microbial growth.

Sodium Omadine 40% is used in some household cleaning products, contributing to their antimicrobial efficacy.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in cosmetic formulations for its antimicrobial benefits, especially in products designed for sensitive skin.

Sodium Omadine 40% can be applied to footwear to inhibit the growth of odor-causing bacteria and fungi.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be included in air fresheners and deodorizers to provide antimicrobial benefits.
In veterinary applications, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in certain formulations such as shampoos for pets to address skin conditions.

Sodium Omadine 40% is used in treatments for humidifiers to prevent microbial growth in the water reservoir.
Sodium Omadine 40% may find applications in air purification systems to inhibit microbial growth on filters and surfaces within the system.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in treatments for carpets and textiles to prevent the growth of odor-causing bacteria and fungi.

In aquaculture settings, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used to control microbial contamination in water systems and protect aquatic organisms.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be applied to construction materials, such as wood and metal, to prevent microbial decay and degradation.
Sodium Omadine 40% is used in some paints labeled as anti-mold or anti-mildew paints for interior and exterior applications.

Sodium Omadine 40% may be incorporated into polyurethane foams to prevent the growth of microorganisms, making it suitable for various applications, including mattresses and cushions.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in biomedical coatings, such as those used in medical devices, to provide antimicrobial protection.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in disinfectant wipes to provide antimicrobial efficacy for surface cleaning and disinfection.

In the formulation of latex binders, Sodium Omadine 40% may be added to provide protection against microbial degradation.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be incorporated into car wash products to prevent microbial growth and maintain the cleanliness of vehicle surfaces.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in coolant systems for engines and industrial machinery to prevent microbial contamination and maintain system efficiency.

In the transportation of fluids through pipelines, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used to prevent microbial fouling and degradation of the pipeline.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be included in household disinfectants to enhance their antimicrobial properties for cleaning and disinfecting surfaces.
Sodium Omadine 40% may find applications in agriculture as an ingredient in certain sprays or formulations designed to control microbial growth in crop protection.

In the production of molded plastics, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used to provide antimicrobial protection to the final products.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in dehumidifiers to inhibit microbial growth in water reservoirs and prevent the release of airborne contaminants.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in metal surface treatments to protect against microbial corrosion and degradation.

Sodium Omadine 40% may be considered as an additive in fuels to inhibit microbial growth and prevent fuel system issues.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in coatings for fiber optic cables to prevent microbial degradation and ensure the reliability of communication systems.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be included in various hygiene products, such as hand sanitizers and wipes, for its antimicrobial benefits.

Sodium Omadine 40% may be added to adhesives and sealants to prevent microbial contamination, ensuring the stability of these products.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in the paper and pulp industry to control microbial growth during various stages of production.
Sodium Omadine 40% is a key ingredient in many dandruff shampoos.

Sodium Omadine 40% helps control the growth of the yeast Malassezia, which is associated with dandruff.
Sodium Omadine 40% is used in various personal care products such as soaps, body washes, and lotions for its antimicrobial properties.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be incorporated into textiles and fabrics to impart antimicrobial properties, reducing the growth of odor-causing bacteria.

Sodium Omadine 40% is used in paints and coatings to prevent the growth of mold and mildew on surfaces, particularly in humid environments.
Sodium Omadine 40% is applied in wood treatments to protect against decay caused by fungi and bacteria, extending the life of wood products.
In the marine industry, Sodium Omadine 40% is used in anti-fouling coatings to prevent the attachment and growth of marine organisms on ship hulls.

Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in water treatment applications to control the growth of bacteria and algae in water systems.
Sodium Omadine 40% is employed in cooling tower water treatment to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, preventing biofilm formation and maintaining system efficiency.

Safety profile:
Sodium Omadine 40% is not meant to be ingested, and accidental ingestion may lead to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and other gastrointestinal issues.
Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Sodium Omadine 40%.
Allergic reactions can manifest as skin irritation, redness, itching, or other symptoms.

Individuals with known sensitivities should take precautions and seek medical advice if needed.
Inhalation of Sodium Omadine 40% dust or vapors may irritate the respiratory system.
Sodium Omadine 40% is important to handle the substance in well-ventilated areas and to use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as respiratory protection, if necessary.

Sodium Omadine 40% can cause irritation to the skin and eyes. Prolonged or repeated contact with the skin may lead to dermatitis or other skin conditions.
In case of contact with the eyes, it can cause irritation and redness.
Ingesting Sodium Omadine 40% can be harmful.

SODIUM OXYMETHYLENE SULFOXYLATE N° CAS : 149-44-0 Nom INCI : SODIUM OXYMETHYLENE SULFOXYLATE Nom chimique : Sodium hydroxymethanesulphinate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 205-739-4 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent réducteur : Modifie la nature chimique d'une autre substance en ajoutant de l'hydrogène ou en éliminant l'oxygène

Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is an organic molecular entity.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is a light brown or beige solid.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is soluble in water, yielding solutions with pHs of 12.0-13.5.

CAS Number: 132-27-4
EC Number: 205-055-6
MDL Number:MFCD00134130
E number: E232 (preservatives)
Molecular Formula: C12H10O.Na

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2-Phenylphenol sodium salt, Bactrol, D.C.S., Dowicide, Dowicide A, Dowicide A & A flakes, Dowicide A Flakes, Dowizid A, Mil-Du-Rid, Mystox WFA, Natriphene,
OPP-sodium, Orphenol, Phenol, o-phenyl-, sodium deriv., Phenylphenol, sodium salt, Preventol ON & ON Extra, Preventol ON extra, Preventol-ON,
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Sodium 2-phenylphenol, Bactolyse 74880, Microban Additive P 2, Sodium 2-phenylphenoate, Microban P 2, Sodium orthophenylphenoxide, Sodium orthophenylphenol,
Sodium, (2-biphenylyloxy)-, 132-27-4, Sodium [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-olate, Sodium 2-biphenylate, Sodium o-phenylphenate, 2-Phenylphenol sodium salt, Natriphene,
Sodium ortho-phenylphenate, Stopmold B, Sodium 2-biphenylolate, Mystox WFA, Preventol ON extra, Dowicide A, Sodium 2-phenylphenate, o-Phenylphenate, sodium, Sodium o-phenylphenolate, Sodium o-phenylphenoxide, Sodium 2-phenylphenoxide, 2-Biphenylol sodium salt, 2-Biphenylol, sodium salt, Bactrol, Dowicide,
Orphenol, Sodium o-phenylphenol, o-Phenylphenol, sodium salt, 2-Hydroxybiphenyl sodium salt, Preventol-ON, Dowizid A, 2-Hydroxydiphenyl sodium, (1,1'-Biphenyl)-2-ol, sodium salt, sodium biphenyl-2-olate, Dowicide A Flakes, Mil-Du-Rid, o-Phenyl phenol sodium salt, Sodium 2-hydroxydiphenyl, Sodium o-phenylphenyolate, Sodium (1,1'-biphenyl)-2-olate, KFV9K7N7UI, [1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ol, sodium salt, Sodium orthophenylphenoxide, D.C.S., o-Phenylphenol sodium, OPP-sodium, o-Phenylphenate sodium, Caswell No. 787, o-Phenylphenol sodium salt, o-Phenylphenol, sodium, Dowicide A & A flakes, Phenylphenol, sodium salt,
Preventol ON & ON Extra, Sodium 2-biphenylate tetrahydrate, Sodium, (2-biphenylyloxy)-, CCRIS 693, NSC-1547, 2-Hydroxydiphenyl, sodium salt,
Sodium-o-phenylphenol, Sodium-o-phenylphenate, NSC 1547, Sodium 2-Phenylphenolate, EINECS 205-055-6, UNII-KFV9K7N7UI, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 064104, AI3-09076, Phenol, o-phenyl-, sodium deriv., Sodium o-phenylphenate tetrahydrate, sodium phenylphenate, sodium;2-phenylphenolate, Sodium 2-Hydroxybiphenyl, MICROBAN P 2, potassium o-phenyl-phenate, 2-BIPHENYLOL, SODIUM SALT, TETRAHYDRATE, SCHEMBL73034, Ortho-phenylphenol, sodium salt, DTXSID2021153, CHEBI:82371, KSQXVLVXUFHGJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M, Sodium[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-olate, MFCD00002209, SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE [INCI], AKOS006228608, AKOS015913820, O-PHENYLPHENOL SODIUM SALT [MI], SODIUM ORTHO-PHENYLPHENATE [IARC], AS-81717, SY030153, Sodium [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-olate(Flakes), CS-0156415, FT-0743610, P0202, (1,1'-Biphenyl)-2-ol, sodium salt (1:1), C19298, F71217, (1,1'-Biphenyl)-2-ol, sodium salt, tetrahydrate, A852225, J-524265, Q6581446, Sodium (1,1'-biphenyl)-2-olate, sodium o-phenylphenate, sodium ophenylphenolate, 2-Hydroxybiphenyl sodium salt, Sodium ortho-phenylphenate, 2-Phenylphenol sodium salt, sodium o-phenylphenolate, Sodium o-phenylphenate, Sodium o-phenylphenolate, Sodium (1,1'-biphenyl)-2-olate, Sodium 2-Biphenylate, (2-biphenylyloxy)sodium,
bactrol, D.C.S., dorvicide a, Dowicide, dowicide a, dowizid, mil-du-rid, natriphene, OPP-NA, orphenol, preventolon, Preventol ON extra, [1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ol, sodium salt, 2-Biphenylol, Sodium Salt, Sodium ortho-phenylphenate, 2-Phenylphenol Sodium Salt, sodium o-phenylphenolate, o-phenylphenol, sodium deriv.,
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Ortho-phenylphenol,sodium salt, 2-hydroxybiphenyl sodium salt tetrahydrate, (1,1’-biphenyl)-2-ol,sodiumsalt, (2-biphenylyloxy)-sodium, [1,1’-Biphenyl]-2-ol,sodiumsalt, 2-biphenylol,sodiumsalt, 2-hydroxydiphenyl,sodiumsalt, 2-hydroxydiphenylsodium, bactrol, d.c.s. Sodium 2-biphenylate, Sodium o-phenylphenate, (1,1-Biphenyl)-2-ol, sodium salt, 2-Biphenylol, sodium salt, 2-Hydroxybiphenyl sodium salt, 2-Hydroxydiphenyl sodium salt, 2-Phenylphenol sodium salt o-Phenylphenol sodium salt, Sodium 2-biphenylolate, Sodium biphenyl-2-yl oxide, Sodium 2-hydroxydiphenyl, Sodium o-phenylphenol, Sodium 2-phenylphenolate, Sodium o-phenylphenolate, Sodium o-phenylphenoxide, SOPP, SODIUMBIPHENYL2-OLATE, SODIUM2-PHENYLPHENOL, SODIUMORTHO-PHENYLPHENOXIDE, SODIUM2-PHENYLPHENOXIDE, SODIUM2-BIPHENYLOL, Natrium-2-biphenylat, 2-PHENYLPHENOL, SODIUM SALT TETRAHYDRATE, SYNTHESIS GRADE,

Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is a beige flaky solid.
pH of saturated solution of Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) in water: 12.0-13.5.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is an organic molecular entity.

Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is an organic molecular entity.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is a light brown or beige solid.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is soluble in water, yielding solutions with pHs of 12.0-13.5.

Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is the sodium salt of biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is an antimicrobial agent that has been shown to exert its effect by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, including Aerobacter aerogenes.

Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is beige flaky solid.
pH of saturated solution of Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) in water is 12.0-13.5.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is a white powder of flakes; absorbs carbon dioxide and releases free ophenylphenol which slowly sublimes when exposed to air.

Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 to < 100 tonnes per annum.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is a white crystalline powder that is used as an antiseptic and fungicide.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) has applications in the agricultural industry for crop protection and preservation.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE (SOPP):
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is used as an antimicrobial agent in adhesives, leather, metalworking fluids, and textiles.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is also used as a preservative in automotive polishes, ceramic glazes, laundry starch, inks, and floor wax emulsions.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is used as a microbiostat/nematicide/bactericide for hard surface applications, agricultural sites and equipment, and air deodorization.

Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is also used as a preservative for stains, paints, metal working fluids, leather, polymers, textiles, paper slurries, cement mixtures, glues, adhesives, building materials, and cleaning products.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is used as a fungicide (citrus fruits and pears) and wood preservative; Also registered as an inert ingredient in insecticides, herbicides, and pet insect repellents.

Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is used antimicrobial additive in the manufacture of adhesives, leather, metalworking fluids, and textiles; preservative in automotive polishes, ceramic glazes, laundry starch, inks, floor wax emulsions; agricultural fungicide.
Cosmetic Uses of Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP): antimicrobial agents and preservatives

Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) and its sodium (SOPP) salt have been used world-wide for decades as fungicides and disinfectants.
OPP is generally used as a hospital and household disinfectant, whereas Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is used as a fungicide, which post-harvest treatment of citrus fruits and vegatables for the prevention of mold.

Due to widespread use, including many consumer applications, the fate of OPP in the mammalian organism has been the subject of numerous investigations over many years.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is used Fungicide.

Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) has been used in wastewater treatment as an inhibitor for phosphatase and transferase enzymes.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is used as a green feed additive and antifungal agent.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and in manufacturing.

Other release to the environment of Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Release to the environment of Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is a Sodium salt of ophenylphenol; avail. commercially as the tetrahydrate Sodium o-phenylphenate uses and applications include: Preservative in cosmetics, foods; antimicrobial, bactericide, fungicide, mold inhibitor for apples, etc.; industrial preservative; disinfectant; antimicrobial, biocide for adhesives, gums, latexes, paper coatings, hides, leather, textile spinning, timber, metalworking fluids, ceramics, chemical toilets, construction, disinfectants, household products (cleaners, floor care), inks; preservative in food packaging adhesives, coatings for food-contact paper, in food-contact animal glues; can end cement for food contact; defoamer in food-contact paperpaperboard; in closure-sealing gaskets for food containers.

Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is used Antimicrobial additive in the manufacture of adhesives, leather, metalworking fluids, and textiles; preservative in automotive polishes, ceramic glazes, laundry starch, inks, floor wax emulsions; agricultural fungicide.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is used as green feed additive, the maximum dosage is 0.95g/kg.

Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is used as preservative for vegetables and fruits.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is used mould inhibitor.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is mainly used for citrus.

Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is used soaking, spraying or trough washing with 0.3% ～ 2% aqueous solution are mainly adopted.
The method of adding 0.68% ～ 2% wax and spraying can also be used.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is used as antiseptic and bactericide, it can be used for keeping citrus fresh according to Chinese regulations.

Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) can also be found in personal care products like soaps and shampoos.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) should be handled with care and stored in a cool, dry place away from heat sources or combustible materials.
Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) is important to follow safety guidelines when handling this product as it may cause skin irritation or eye damage upon contact.

INDUSTRY OF SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE (SOPP):
*Cosmetic ,
*Industrial ,
*Adhesives ,
*Construction ,
*Cleaners

FUNCTIONS OF SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE (SOPP):
*Antimicrobial ,
*Preservative ,
*Biocide ,
*Metalworking Fluids

FUNCTIONAL CLASS OF SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE (SOPP):
*Food Additives
*PRESERVATIVE

FUNCTIONAL USES OF SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE (SOPP):
For the post-harvest treatment of fruits and vegetables to protect against microbial damage

REACTIVITY PROFILE OF SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE (SOPP):
*Salts, basic, such as Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) are generally soluble in water.
*The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0.
*They react as bases to neutralize acids.
*These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines.
*They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE (SOPP):
Chemical Name: Sodium ortho-phenylphenate
Chemical Family: Phenol
Common/Trade Names:Dowcide A, Preventol ON Extra
Synonyms:(2-biphenylyloxy)sodium, Bactrol , D.C.S, Mildurid, OPP-Na,
CAS Number: 132-27-4
EINECS Number:205-055-6
Molecular Formula:C12H9NaO.H2O
Molecular Weight: 192.19 176.08 264.3 192.30(C6H46H5>ONA
Color: Nearly white or light-buff
Physical State: Solid (flakes or crystals, tetrahydrate form)
Specific Gravity(at 25oC): 1.3
Bulk density(kg/m3): 400-30
Dissociation Constant(at 20oC): 10
pH of saturated water solution(at 25oC): 12-3.5

Recommended pH Range: 8.5-3.5
Stability: Stable under controlled conditions
Melting Point(oC): 298.5
Boiling Point: N/A
Water Solubility(g/l at 25oC): 1200
Organic Solubility(g/100 at 25oC)
Methanol:470
Ethanol:375
Isopropanol:1500(g/l at 20oC)
Ethylene glycol:>300
Propylene glycol: >200
Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient (Log KOW): 0.59
Vapor Pressure mm Hg (at 25oC): 1.8 x 10-9
Molecular Weight： 192.18900
Exact Mass： 192.05500

EC Number： 205-055-6
HScode： 2907199090
PSA： 23.06000
XLogP3： 3.49740
Appearance： Sodium o-phenylphenoxide is a beige flaky solid.
pH of saturated solution in water: 12.0-13.5.
Density： 1.213 g/cm3
Melting Point： 282 °C
Boiling Point： 282ºC at 760 mmHg
Water Solubility： greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 68° F (NTP, 1992)
Storage Conditions： Keep in a cool, dry, dark location in a tightly sealed container or cylinder.
Keep away from incompatible materials, ignition so
Physical state: flakes
Color: beige
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available

Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available

Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Melting point: 59°C
Boiling point: 286°C
Density: 1,213 g/cm3
vapor pressure: 1.2Pa at 20℃
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
form: Liquid
pka: 9.9 (acid)
Water Solubility: 1220 g kg-1 (35 °C)
color: Yellow
Merck: 14,7304
Stability: Stable.
LogP: 3.18 at 22.5℃

Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE
FDA 21 CFR: 176.170; 177.1210; 178.3120
CAS DataBase Reference 132-27-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 4-6
FDA UNII: KFV9K7N7UI
IARC: 2B (Vol. Sup 7, 73) 1999
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium o-phenylphenoxide (132-27-4)
Pesticides Freedom of Information Act (FOIA): Sodium ortho phenyl phenate
Appearance: white powder (est)
Assay: 97.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 282.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.002020 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 285.00 °F. TCC ( 140.30 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 2.939 (est)
Soluble in: water, 1000000 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Density: 1,213 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 286°C

Melting Point: 59°C
Molecular Formula: C12H9NaO
Molecular Weight: 192.189
Exact Mass: 192.055115
PSA: 23.06000
LogP: 3.49740
Stability: Stable.
Molecular Weight: 192.19 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 192.05510919 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 192.05510919 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 23.1Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 154

Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Formula: C12H9NaO
Molecular Weight: 192.19
CAS Registry Number: 132-27-4
EINECS: 205-055-6
Chemical Name: Sodium 2-biphenylate / ortho-phenylphenate / Sodium ortho-phenylphenate
CAS No.: 132-27-4
Molecular Formula: C12H9NaO
Molecular Weight: 192.19
Assay: 99% min

Appearance: white power
Molecular weight: 192.19
EINECS: 205-055-6
Melting Point: 59°C
Merck: 7304
Density: 1,213 g/cm3
Stability: Stable.
Boiling Point: 286°C
CAS: 132-27-4
MF: C12H9NaO
MW: 192.19
EINECS:205-055-6
Melting point :59°C
Boiling point :286°C
Density :1,213 g/cm3
Form :Liquid
pka:9.9 (acid)
Color : Yellow
HS Code :29071990

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE (SOPP):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE (SOPP):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE (SOPP):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
*Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE (SOPP):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE (SOPP):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM O-PHENYLPHENATE (SOPP):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

SODIUM PALMITATE N° CAS : 408-35-5 Origine(s) : Végétale, Synthétique Nom INCI : SODIUM PALMITATE N° EINECS/ELINCS : 206-988-1 Classification : Huile de Palme (Dérivé) Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

SODIUM PALMITOYL SARCOSINATE N° CAS : 4028-10-8 Nom INCI : SODIUM PALMITOYL SARCOSINATE Nom chimique : Sodium N-methyl-N-(1-oxohexadecyl)aminoacetate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 223-705-7 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

SODIUM P-CHLORO-M-CRESOL; N° CAS : 15733-22-9; Nom INCI : SODIUM P-CHLORO-M-CRESOL; Nom chimique : 3-Methyl-4-Chlorophenol, Sodium salt; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 239-825-8; Ses fonctions (INCI); Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes; Noms français : SODIUM-4-CHLORO-3-METHYLPHENOLATE; Noms anglais : P-CHLORO-M-CRESOL, SODIUM SALT; PHENOL, 4-CHLORO-3-METHYL-, SODIUM SALT; SODIUM 4-CHLORO-3-METHYLPHENOXIDE; SODIUM-4-CHLORO-M-CRESOLATE; Naatrium-p-kloro-m-kresolaat (et); Natrijev p-kloro-m-krezolat (hr); Natrio p-chlor-m-krezoliatas (lt); Natrium p-chlor-m-kresolat (de); natrium-4-chlor-3-methylfenolát (cs) ; Natrium-p-chloor-m-kresolaat (nl); natrium-p-chlor-m-cresolat (da); Natrium-p-kloori-m-kresolaatti (fi); Natrium-p-kloro-m-kresolat (sv); nátrium-4-chlór-3-metylfenolát (sk); Nátrium-p-klór-m-krezolát (hu); Nātrija p-hlor-m-krezolāts (lv); p-chloro-m-crésolate de sodium (fr); P-chloro-m-krezolan sodu (pl); p-Cloro-m-cresolato de sodio (es); p-Cloro-m-cresolato de sódio (pt); p-cloro-m-cresoloato di sodio (it); p-cloro-m-crezolat de sodiu (ro); P-Kloro-m-kresolat tas-sodju (mt); Sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate (no); π-χλωρο-μ-κρεσολικό νάτριο (el); Натриев p-хлоро-m-крезолат (bg). IUPAC names : sodium 4-chloro-3-methylbenzen-1-olate; sodium 4-chloro-3-methylphenolate; 15733-22-9 [RN]; 239-825-8 [EINECS]; 2-chloro-5-hydroxytoluene sodium salt; 4-Chloro-3-méthylphénolate de sodium [French] ; MFCD00053303; Natrium-4-chlor-3-methylphenolat [German] ; Phenol, 4-chloro-3-methyl-, sodium salt (1:1) ; SODIUM 4-CHLORO-3-METHYLBENZENOLATE; Sodium 4-chloro-3-methylphenolate; Sodium p-chloro-m-cresol; [15733-22-9]; 2-CHLORO-5-HYDROXYTOLUENESODIUMSALT; 3-Methyl-4-chlorophenol, sodium salt; 4-CHLORO-3-METHYLPHENOL SODIUM SALT; EINECS 239-825-8; p-Chloro-m-cresol sodium salt; p-Chloro-m-cresol, sodium salt; Phenol, 4-chloro-3-methyl-, sodium salt; Phenol,4-chloro-3-methyl-, sodium salt (1:1); SODIUM 4-CHLORO-3-METHYLBENZEN-1-OLATE; sodium 4-chloro-3-methyl-phenolate; Sodium 4-chloro-3-methylphenoxide; Sodium 4-chloro-m-cresolate; sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate

SODIUM PCA Please consult your doctor or pharmacist or read the package insert. Cite this page APA Style Citation Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane - Uses, Side-Effects, Reviews, and Precautions - MLA Style Citation "Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane - Chicago Style Citation "Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane - Related Links Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane for skin conditioning Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane for hair conditioning More about Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane Uses Comments Consumer Survey - Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane The following are the results of an ongoing survey on TabletWise.com for Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane. These results only show the perceptions of the users of this website. Please make your medical decisions based on the advice of a doctor or a specialist. Uses, Efficiency and Side Effects The following are information on the usage, perceived efficiency and frequency of side effects offered by site visitors for Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane: Overdose of Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane Do not use more than prescribed dose. Consuming more of the drug will not improve your symptoms; on the contrary, it can cause poisoning or serious side effects. If you suspect that you or a relative has used an overdose of Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane, please visit your nearest hospital emergency department. To help doctors, bring necessary information such as a medicine box, bottle, or label. Do not give your medication to someone else, even if you know they have the same condition or they seem to have similar conditions. This can cause an overdose. For more information, consult your pharmacist or check the package insert. Storage of Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane Store medicines at room temperature, away from heat and light. Do not freeze medicines unless it is written on the package insert. Keep medicines out of the reach of children and pets. Do not pour medicines into the toilet or sink unless you are told to do so in the package insert. Drugs disposed in this way can pollute the nature. Please consult your pharmacist or doctor for more details on how to safely discard Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane. Expired Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane Taking a single dose of expired Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane is likely to cause an adverse event. Consult your family doctor or pharmacist for appropriate advice or if you feel unwell. Expired drugs will not be effective in treating conditions on your prescription. In order to stay safe, it is very important not to use expired medications. If you have a chronic illness that requires constant medication, such as heart disease, seizures, and life-threatening allergies, it is even more important to stay in touch with your GP so that you can replace expired medications immediately. Dosage Information Is this drug or product addictive or addictive? Many drugs are not marketed as addictive or abusive. Often ministries categorize drugs into controlled and non-addictive drugs. For example, this classification is H and X in India and II and V in the USA. Please check the box to make sure the drug belongs to such a special classification. Finally, do not try to self-medicate and increase your body's dependence without the advice of a doctor. Can I stop using this product immediately or do I get rid of it gradually? Some drugs should be tapered or their use should not be stopped suddenly to avoid withdrawal effects. Consult your doctor for recommendations specific to your body and health condition and other medications you can use. Other important information on Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane Forgetting to take a dose If you forget to take a dose, use it immediately. If your next dose is too close to your time, stop taking the missed dose and stick to your dosing schedule. Do not take extra doses to treat the missed dose. If you regularly forget your doses, set an alarm or ask a family member to remind you. Please consult your doctor to make changes to your dosing schedule or to make up for missed doses if you have recently forgotten too many doses. Before using this medicine, you should inform your doctor about the medicines you are currently using, the medicines you are using without a prescription (e.g. vitamins, herbal supplements, etc.), allergies, your past illnesses and your current health condition (e.g. pregnancy, upcoming surgery, etc.) inform. Certain health conditions can make you more susceptible to the side effects of the medication. Take the steps as directed by your doctor or consider what is written on the product. The dosage depends on your condition. If your condition persists or worsens, notify your doctor. Key issues to consult are listed below. Planning to get pregnant, pregnant or breastfeeding Please consult your doctor or pharmacist or refer to the package insert for this information. Hypersensitivity to Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane is a contraindication. In addition, Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane should not be used if you have the following conditions: Hypersensitivity Frequently Asked Questions Is it safe to drive or use heavy machinery while using this product? If you experience side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension (low blood pressure) or headache while using Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane, it may not be safe to drive and / or use a construction machine. If the medication used causes drowsiness, dizziness or lowers your blood pressure, you should not drive. In addition, pharmacists advise patients not to drink alcohol with the drug, as alcohol intensifies side effects such as drowsiness. Please check for these effects on your body when using Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane. Always consult your doctor for advice specific to your body and health condition. Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane Medicine Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane Overview Uses Side effects Precautions Interactions Contraindications Overview Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane combination is used for Skin conditioning, Hair conditioning and other conditions. Detailed information on the use of Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane product, side effects, product comments, questions, interactions and precautions are as follows: uses Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane is used for the treatment, control, prevention, & improvement of the following diseases, conditions and symptoms: Skin conditioning Hair softening Further information: Uses Side effects The following is a list of possible side-effects that may occur in medicines that contain Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane. This is not an exhaustive list. These side effects are likely to occur, but do not always occur. Some of the side effects are rare but can be very serious. Be sure to consult your doctor if you observe any of the following side effects, especially those that do not go away even if you expect them to. Skin irritation Hives If you notice any side effects other than those listed below, consult your doctor for medical advice. You can also report side effects to your nearest health department official. Measures Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil, Rosa Damascena Flower Water, Beeswax (Cera Alba), Pentylene Glycol, Corylus Avellana (Hazel) Seed Oil, Ormenis Multicaulis Flower Wax, Sodium PCA Carbonate Decahydrate, Limonene, Citrus Medica Lemonum (Lemon) Peel Oil, Osmanthus Fragrans Flower Extract, Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil, Tocopherol, Citronellol, Geraniol, Citral. If you have oily skin, avoid the first line items in their products being oil. In this case, make sure that the moisturizing agents are glycerin, sodium PCA, hyaluronic acid or sodium PCA hyaluronate. Amino acid cocktail: It contains Sodium PCA and 8 types of amino acids found in the skin's own structure. It is very effective in the care of mature skin. It helps the skin to be nourished and restructured. Bifida Ferment Lysate: It is an antiaging active with proven effectiveness. It prevents the damage of UV light on DNA. It helps to repair wrinkles by helping to repair DNA. 50ml Content: Sodium PCA: Protects against dryness by allowing the skin to retain more moisture. It is a natural and important moisturizing agent that is also found in the skin structure. Content: Amino acid cocktail: It contains Sodium PCA and 8 types of amino acids found in the skin's own structure. It is very effective in the care of mature skin. It helps the skin to be nourished and restructured. Glycine Soybean Seed Extract: Increases the strength of the skin with protein, glycoprotein and polysaccharides obtained from soy, renews the skin and revitalizes the skin cells. It helps prevent premature aging effects caused by UV rays and DNA damage on the skin. UVA / UVB Protection Factor: It contains a protection factor of 15 SPF. 50ml Hyaluronic acid, one of the most effective moisture retainers, has a water holding capacity of 1000 times its own weight. It has a tightening effect. It increases the elasticity of the skin. It ensures the transmission of moisture to all cells in the skin. Provides moisturization for a long time on the skin. These products, which plump the skin and provide moisture for a long time, are suitable for day and night use. It also ensures that the skin is smooth and even toned. Active Ingredients / Active Ingredients Sodium PCA, Sodium hyaluronate, Panthenol 10 x 2 ml Sodium PCA Messages Overview(active tab) Safety Resources What Is It? In cosmetics and personal care products, Sodium PCA (pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid) is used mostly in the formulation of hair conditioners and moisturizers. The sodium PCA salt of Sodium PCA, Sodium PCA, can be found in these products, as well as in shampoos, hair sprays, permanent waves, skin fresheners and other hair and skin care products. Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products? Sodium PCA and Sodium PCA increase the water content of the top layers of the skin by drawing moisture from the surrounding air. They also enhance the appearance and feel of hair, by increasing hair body, suppleness, or sheen, or by improving the texture of hair that has been damaged physically or by chemical treatment. Abstract Sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid is the sodium PCA salts of 2 pyrrolidone 5 carboxylate, It is one of the major Natural Moisturing factor (NMF) found in human skin. It is documented that sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (Na- Sodium PCA) is used in hair care & skin care products with great effectivity as it is water extracting skin component. As Na- Sodium PCA is the Natural Moisturizing Agent, it gives suppleness, humectancy & moisturizing property. It is being water soluble, therefore an oil in water (O/W) cream base decided to develop. Three formulae were developed in laboratory incorporating 2.5% & 5% of Na- Sodium PCA &7.5% glycerine. Three cream prepared were further studied for its stability with reference to effect of temp. i.e. at Room Temp.-24-28°c,at oven 50°c, & at refrigerator 90°c, change in colour, odour, pH, globules size & viscosity. It was further decided to study the performance evaluation. Details Sodium PCA stands for Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid and though it might not sound like it, it is a thing that can be found naturally in our skin. The sodium PCA salt form of Sodium PCA is an important skin-identical ingredient and great natural moisturizer that helps the skin to hold onto water and stay nicely hydrated. Description: Sodium PCA is the sodium PCA salt of pyroglutamic acid which is an uncommon amino acid found naturally in many proteins. Concentration: 50% (dissolved in water). GMO-free, gluten-free. Colorless to pale yellow clear liquid, soluble in water, pH 6.8-7.4. CAS: 28874-51-3 INCI Name: Sodium PCA (sodium L-pyroglutamate) Benefits: Occurs naturally in human skin and is responsible for binding moisture to the cells Highly water-absorbent, holding several time its weight in water, which makes it an excellent humectant Well-know as skin-penetration enhancer Stronger hydrating agent than the traditional compounds like glycerin or propylene glycol Good for hair care as it reduces static electricity. Use: Add as is to the water phase of the formulas, typical use level 1 - 10% in emulsions. For external use only. Applications: All kinds of skin care products such as creams, gels, lotions, hair care products, color cosmetics. Country of Origin: USA Raw material source: The original amino acid proline is obtained mainly from fruits and coconut oil. Manufacture: A fermentation process of sugars and starches is then used in order to create Sodium PCA from proline. Animal Testing: Not animal tested GMO: GMO-free but not certified Vegan: Does not contain any animal-derived components SODIUM PCA SODIUM PCA is classified as : Antistatic Hair conditioning Humectant Skin conditioning CAS Number 28874-51-3 EINECS/ELINCS No: 249-277-1 COSING REF No: 79910 Chem/IUPAC Name: Sodium PCA 5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate Sodium PCA is the sodium PCA salt of pyroglutamic acid (also known as Sodium PCA). Sodium PCA is a naturally occurring component of human skin and a part of the "natural moisturizing factors" (NMF) that maintain a healthy epidermis. Sodium PCA is very hygroscopic, attracting moisture from the air. It imparts a moist feeling to hair and skin. Sodium PCA applied to the skin is absorbed to a limited extent. It is non-comedogenic, nonirritating to the eye and skin -- even at concentrations up to 50%, and does not contribute to phototoxicity or sensitization. It is rapidly biodegradable. Soluble in water and ethanol and insoluble in oils, it is used for its powerful humectant properties in many skin and hair care products including gels, creams, lotions, shampoos, conditioners, lipsticks and foundations. This Sodium PCA is sourced from all-natural, vegetable-based ingredients; it contains no animal-based ingredients of any kind. INCI: Sodium PCA INCI: Sodium PCA 50% pH-value 6,8-7,4% Dosage: 0,5 - 10% Sodium PCA is a kind of natural moisturizing factor(NMF). It becomes an important additive ingredient in skin-care and hair-care cosmetics in the recent years. It has stronger hydrating power than that of glycerin, sorbitol and propanediol. What is Sodium PCA? Jun 08, 2019 Sodium PCA levels in the skin are highest during childhood. As time progresses, these levels can drop significantly. Using skin care products containing Sodium PCA can help increase these levels as you age. Sodium PCA also contains antioxidants that fight free radicals that can age the skin. It also contains vitamins D and E, which can aid in skin rejuvenation. This powerful moisturizer is made from many herbs, but sodium PCA from each herb is used to do different things. For example, Sodium PCA from herbs and vegetables can be used as an emollient. When Sodium PCA is derived from coconut oil, it is used as an emulsifier. Sodium PCA found in cherry or seaweed can replenish moisture inside the skin. Sodium PCA can also be used in certain types of lotions that protect the skin from excessive sunlight. This ingredient not only draws moisture into the skin but can also help keep it in. This makes it best suited for all skincare products. When sodium PCA is used in soaps, it can help the skin in many ways. It works with the natural Sodium PCA found in the skin to create a healthier and renewed skin. Sodium PCA used in shampoos and conditioners helps to retain water in the hair shaft. It can also add shine and bounce to hair. When the hair is very dry, static can build up, causing difficult-to-manage, flying hair. Sodium PCA keeps enough moisture in the hair to eliminate frizzy and dry hair. In small quantities, the use of sodium PCA is not considered harmful. It is considered to be mildly toxic, but is sometimes used with nitrosamine, which is thought to be a toxin. There were no known skin or eye irritations associated with the use of Sodium PCA. Effects of lactic acid and sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid on the irritated skin reaction induced by sodium PCA lauryl sulphate patch testing of normal persons and atopic dermatitis patients Background: Natural moisturizing factors such as sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and lactic acid may play an important role in increasing the moisture retention of isolated stratum corneum and reducing the incidence of dry and flaky skin in vivo. Although the precise mechanism of surfactant irritancy is not fully understood, it has been suggested that barrier dysfunction of stratum corneum by surfactants results in skin changes such as scaling, erythema, and even fissuring. Objective: We evaluated the effect of sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid(Na Sodium PCA) and lactic acid(LA) with several non-invasive measuring methods in the irritated skin reaction induced by sodium PCA lauryl sulphate (SLS) in normal persons and atopic dermatitis patients. Methods: After skin irritation for 24 hours with patch test of 1% SLS on five volar sites of right forearm, we applied nothing(A), 3% LA+3% Na Sodium PCA PCA(B), 3% LA(C), 3% Na Sodium PCA(D), and vehicle(E) twice a day respectively. Visual score, transepidermal water loss(TEWL), water holding capacity(WHC), and erythema index were measured at 30 min, 24hr, 48hr and 72hr after patch removal. Results: 1. After 72hr, the visual scores of B and C were significantly lower than that of A(control) in atopic dermatitis patients, and that of C in normal persons was significantly lower than that of A, D, and E. 2. TEWL values of B and C in both the normal (after 72hr) and atopic dermatitis group (after 48hr and 72hr) were significantly lower than that of A. 3. WHC values of B, C, D in both the normal and atopic dermatitis group were significantly higher than that of A after 48hr and 72hr. 4. After 72hr, erythema indices by Mexameter® of B, C, and D in both the normal and atopic dermatitis group were significantly lower than that of A and values of C were significantly lower than that of E. In the atopic dermatitis group, values of D were also significantly lower than that of E. 5. The mean visual score was significantly correlated with TEWL value and erythema index of Mexameter (r=0.58, r=0.64) and the TEWL value was significantly correlated with erythema index of Mexameter® (r=0.64). Conclusion: These results suggest that topical application of a moisturizing factor might improve the surfactant-induced disruption of permeability barrier with improvement of the water holding capacity of the stratum corneum. Sodium PCA Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid As Moisturizing Agent Abstract: Sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid is the sodium PCA salts of 2 pyrrolidone 5 carboxylate, It is one of the major Natural Moisturing factor (NMF) found in human skin. It is documented that sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (Na- Sodium PCA) is used in hair care & skin care products with great effectivity as it is water extracting skin component. As Na- Sodium PCA is the Natural Moisturizing Agent, it gives suppleness, humectancy & moisturizing property .It is being water soluble,therefore an oil in water (O/W) cream base decided to develop. Three formulae were developed in laboratory incorporating 2.5% & 5% of Na- Sodium PCA &7.5% glycerine. Three cream prepared were further studied for its stability with reference to effect of temp.i.e. at Room Temp.- 24-280c,at oven 500c, & at refrigerator 900c, change in colour, odour, pH, globules size & viscosity.It was further decided to study the performance evaluation. Key Words: Na- Sodium PCA, NMF, Moisturizing Agent. 1. Introduction: By Kligman, “Moisturizer is defined as a topically applied substance or product that overcomes the signs& symptoms of dry skin”. Idson defined as ,”a Moisturizer,a substance that can favourably affect the feeling of dry skin ,by influencing the water content of stratum corneum” 1 . The approach to restoring water to dry skin has taken three different routes. 1.Occulsion 2.Humectancy 3.Restoration of deficient materials which may be combined. The first approach,occlusion consists in reducing the rate of transepidermal water loss through old or damaged skin or in protecting otherwise healthy skin from the effect of a severely drying environment. The second approach to the moisturizing problem is the use of humectants to attract water from the atmosphere, so supplementing the skin’s water content. The third & perhaps the most valuable approach to moisturization of skin is to determine the precise mechanism of the natural moisturization process to assess what has gone wrong with it in the case of dry skin & to replace any materials in which such research has shown damaged skin to be deficient2 . Moisturizer’s often contain lipids & humectants of low molecular weight, humectants such as urea ,glycerine, lactic acid, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (Sodium PCA) and salts are absorb into the stratum cornium and their by attracting water, increase hydration3 1.1 Natural Moisturizing Factor(NMF) “A Group of water soluble hydrophilic substances known as the natural moisturizing factor (NMF)4 . Analysis of water soluble component of stratum cornium have indicated the presence of amino –acid lactic acid ,sugar and pyrolidone carboxylic acid.The latter material is found in relatively large concentration in cornified skin.It has recently been shown that salts of this material are extremely ,hygroscopic, dissolving in their own water of hydrations. At pH of stratum corneum (pH5) pyrolidone carboxylic acid exists almost exclusively in the salt form. There result suggest that this material may represent one of the important natural Moisturizing agent for skin5 . Laden and spitzer proved that significant quantities of Na-2-pyrrolidone -5 carboxylate exist in the stratum.This compound is now commercially available for use in cosmetics6 . 1.2 Composition of NMF Amino acids 40% Sodium PCA(Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid) 12% Lactates 12% Urea 7% NH3,Uric acid, glucosamine, creatinine 1.5% Citrates 0.5% Na 5%, k 4%, Ca 1.5 %, Mg 1.5% , Po4 0.5% 18.5 % Sucrore, Organic acid, Peptides, Other aterials 8.5% 1.3 Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid(Sodium PCA) ;(C5H7N03) Molecular wt 129.11 7 1.4 Sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (NA- Sodium PCA);(C5H6NNa03) Molecular wt 151.1 8 Na- Sodium PCA is one of the major natural moisturizing factors(NME) found in human skin. It is the sodium PCA salts of 2 Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylate(Na- Sodium PCA) is manufactured by dehydration of glutanic acid and forms as odourless solid. Sodium PCA -2 Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylate has been Patented as a humactant at concentration of 2 % or higher. Water absorption ability of Sodium PCA Pyrrolidone Carboxylate9 Compound %Moisture intake(31%RH) %Moisture intake(58%RH) Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid <1 <1 Sodium PCA Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid 20 61 Glycerine 13 35 1.5 Uses of Sodium PCA Pyrrolidone Carboxylate in Cosmetics 10 1) Sodium PCA -2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate is an important humectants component of NMF. 2) It is used in moisturizing dry flacky skin. 3) It demonstrates excellent hygroscopc & humectants effect & these properties have been achieved with a salt form. 4) Skin & hair care products,suncare,make-up,product are among the major application for Na- Sodium PCA. 5) It moisturizes &protects skin from wind,cold. S.Bhise/Int.J.ChemTech Res.2013,5(4) 1450 2. Materials & Methods Three O/W formulation were developed in laboratory incorporating glycerine & sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid(Na- Sodium PCA). 2.1 Formulation Notation A- Base formulation with 7.5% glycerine. B- Formulation with 2.5% Na- Sodium PCA. C- Formulation with 5.0% Na- Sodium PCA. 2.2 Stability study for Finished Product. All the three samples prepared were subjected to accelerated test conditions & were kept at room temp 24-28 0c,in oven at 50 0c & in refrigerator at 5-8 0c. Stability studies were carried out by accelerated stability test for 40 days. 2.3 Performance Evaluation Ten volunteers were persuaded & then selected. Two cream samples were given to each volunteer one is control i.e. sample- A (7.5% glycerine)& other is sample-C(5% Na- Sodium PCA).Cream was applied twice a day on 3 cm.area of forehand.Sample A on right forehand &sample C on left forehand. sked to see & compaire the effect of sample A & C after two hours upto 30 days. 3. Results & Discussion 1) Result of colour change indicate that at room temp.& at 50 0c the degree of colour change was inversely proportional to the concentration of sodium PCA, on refrigeration there was no change in colour Summary The medical and biological literature was reviewed with stress laid on the role of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (Sodium PCA) and its sodium PCA salt (Na Sodium PCA) in skin, its metabolism, its functions. The paper also includes a summary of 8 years of evaluation work carried out in our Laboratory on creams and lotions containing Sodium PCA-Na Sodium PCA which were assessed by biophysical (impedance measurement, alpha relaxation) and clinical methods. It is now definitely demonstrated that Sodium PCA is an hydrating agent and that all the cosmetic preparations containing at least 2% of the Sodium PCA-Na Sodium PCA salt system improve the condition of dry skin at short or long term provided an adequate vehicle is used (e.g. aqueous solutions are ineffective). The mecanism of action is discussed with reference to metabolism and physiological role of Sodium PCA in stratum corneum. Pyroglutamic acid (also known as Sodium PCA, 5-oxoproline, pidolic acid, or pyroglutamate for its basic form) exists as two distinct enantiomers: (2R) or D and (2S) or L. L-form is a metabolite in the glutathione cycle that is converted to glutamate by 5-oxoprolinase. L-Pyroglutamic acid is produced in the skin through the arginine-citrulline-ornitine-glutamic pathway. The free acid is not hygroscopic; however, the sodium PCA salts of this acid are more hygroscopic than glycerine. Therefore, formulation of this acid is suggested as a defense against dehydration, for skin conditions involving desquamation. Hydromol Cream (main component of that is sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylate (L form)) is a soft cream which moisturises the skin. Hydromol Cream contains a naturally occurring moisturising agent as well as oils, which prevent moisture loss from the skin. This helps to relieve itch, lubricate and soften the skin. Hydromol Cream is used to treat any condition in which dry skin is a feature such as eczema, ichthyosis (hereditary dry skin) and senile pruritus (itching that may occur in old age). L-Pyroglutamic acid is present in living cells has been reported from archaebacteria to humans, and its occurrence in living cells has been known for over a century. Despite its almost ubiquitous presence, the role of pyroglutamic acid in living cells is poorly understood. Pyroglutamic acid is found as an N-terminal modification in many neuronal peptides and hormones that also include the accumulating peptides in Alzheimer’s disease and familial dementia. The modification is also observed in proteins that include many antibodies, some enzymes and structural proteins. yrrolidone carboxylic acid (Sodium PCA), the primary constituent of the natural moisturizing factor (NMF),1 including its derivatives – such as simple2 and novel3 esters as well as sugar complexes4 – is the subject of great interest and research regarding its capacity to moisturize the stratum corneum via topical application. Creams and lotions containing the sodium PCA salt of Sodium PCA are widely reported to aid in hydrating the skin and ameliorating dry flaky skin conditions.5,6 In addition, the zinc salt of L-pyrrolidone carboxylate is a longtime cosmetic ingredient due to antimicrobial and astringent qualities. This column briefly addresses the role of Sodium PCA in skin health.7 Dry skin In a comprehensive literature review from 1981, Clar and Fourtanier reported conclusive evidence that Sodium PCA acts as a hydrating agent and that all the cosmetic formulations with a minimum of 2% Sodium PCA and Sodium PCA salt that they tested in their own 8-year study enhanced dry skin in short- and long-term conditions given suitable vehicles (no aqueous solutions).6 In a 2014 clinical study of 64 healthy white women with either normal or cosmetic dry skin, Feng et al. noted that tape stripped samples of stratum corneum revealed significantly lower ratios of free amino acids to protein and Sodium PCA to protein. This was associated with decreased hydration levels compared with normal skin. The investigators concluded that lower NMF levels across the depth of the stratum corneum and reduced cohesivity characterize cosmetic dry skin and that these clinical endpoints merit attention in evaluating the usefulness of treatments for dry skin.8 In 2016, Wei et al. reported on their assessment of the barrier function, hydration, and dryness of the lower leg skin of 25 female patients during the winter and then in the subsequent summer. They found that Sodium PCA levels were significantly greater during the summer, as were keratins. Hydration was also higher during the summer, while transepidermal water loss and visual dryness grades were substantially lower.9 Atopic dermatitis A 2014 clinical study by Brandt et al. in patients with skin prone to developing atopic dermatitis (AD) revealed that a body wash composed of the filaggrin metabolites arginine and Sodium PCA was well tolerated and diminished pruritus. Patients reported liking the product and suggested that it improved their quality of life.10 Later that year, Jung et al. characterized the relationship of Sodium PCA levels, and other factors, with the clinical severity of AD. Specifically, in a study of 73 subjects (21 with mild AD, 21 with moderate to severe AD, 13 with X-linked ichthyosis as a negative control for filaggrin gene mutation, and 18 healthy controls), the investigators assessed transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, and skin surface pH. They found that Sodium PCA levels and caspase-14 were lower in inflammatory lesions compared with nonlesional skin in subjects with AD. These levels also were associated with clinical AD severity as measured by eczema area and severity index scores as well as skin barrier function.11 Sodium PCA Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid CAS No.: 28874-51-3 EINECS.: 249-277-1 Moisturizer agent Appearance: Light yellow liquid Sodium PCA Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid, Sodium Pca QUICK LINKS Alkyl Polyglucosides Amino Acid Surfactants Cosmetic Additives Glyphosate surfactant Quick Details CAS No.: 28874-51-3 Other Names: Sodium Pca, Sodium L-pyroglutamate Appearance: Pale yellow lyophilized mass Description Sodium PCA is a kind of natural moisturizing factor. It becomes an important additive ingredient in skin-care and hair-care cosmetics in recent years. The stronger hydrating is power than that of glycerin, sorbitol and propanediol and non-poisonous, non-irritant, and non-allergic. Mainly used in cream cosmetics, solutions, shampoo, etc., but also in place of glycerin for toothpaste, ointment drugs, tobacco, leather, coatings for wetting agents, and chemical fiber dyeing auxiliaries, softeners, antistatic agent, Is also biochemical reagents. Cosmetic insulation agent Sodium PCA Department of natural moisturizing factor is one of the important ingredients, high moisture absorption, and non-toxic, non-stimulating, good stability, is the modern skincare ideal natural make-up health care products, can skin and hair with wetting, Softness, elasticity, and gloss, and antistatic property. Skin whitening agent Sodium PCA is an excellent skin whitening agent, the inhibition of tyrosine oxidase activity can prevent the "melanoid" in the skin deposition so that the skin white. Horny softening agent Sodium PCA can do keratin softening agent, the skin "psoriasis" have a good therapeutic effect. It is mainly used in cream cosmetics, solutions, shampoo, etc., also used in glycerin for toothpaste, ointment drugs, tobacco, leather, paint as wetting agents, and chemical fiber dyeing auxiliaries, softeners, Anti-static agent, is also biochemical reagents. Recommendatory volumes of usage in creams:2%~8% Recommendatory volumes of usage in creams:1%~3% Specification

SODIUM P-CUMENESULPHONATE; N° CAS : 15763-76-5; Nom INCI : SODIUM P-CUMENESULPHONATE; Sodium cumenesulphonate; 15763-76-5 [RN]; 239-854-6 [EINECS]; 4-Isopropylbenzènesulfonate de sodium [French] ; Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-(1-methylethyl)-, sodium salt (1:1) ; Natrium-4-isopropylbenzolsulfonat [German] ; Sodium 4-isopropylbenzenesulfonate ; SODIUM P-CUMENESULFONATE; 4-(1-Methylethyl)benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt; Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-(1-methylethyl)-, sodium salt; CUMENESULFONICACIDSODIUMSALT ;EINECS 239-854-6; MFCD00137274; p-Cumenesulfonic acid sodium salt; SODIUM 4-(PROPAN-2-YL)BENZENE-1-SULFONATE; sodium 4-(propan-2-yl)benzenesulfonate; Sodium 4-propan-2-ylbenzenesulfonate; Sodium cumenesulfonate; sodium p-cumenesulphonate; Sodium4-propan-2-ylbenzenesulfonate; sodiumcumenesulfonate; Sodium p-cumenesulphonate; EC Inventory, ; CAS names; Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-(1-methylethyl)-, sodium salt (1:1). IUPAC names; sodium 4-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1-sulfonate ; sodium 4-isopropylbenzenesulfonate ; Sodium 4-isopropylbenzenesulphonatesodium 4-propan-2-ylbenzenesulfonate; Sodium Cumenesulfonate; sodium cumenesulphonate. Trade names; Na-Cumolsulfonat; Na-Cumosulfonat; Sodium cumene sulfonate

SODIUM PERBORATE; N° CAS : 15120-21-5 / 7632-04-4 / 11138-47-9; Nom INCI : SODIUM PERBORATE; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 239-172-9 / 231-556-4 / 234-390-0; Classification : Règlementé; Ses fonctions (INCI); Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection); Agent Oxydant : Modifie la nature chimique d'une autre substance en ajoutant de l'oxygène ou en éliminant l'hydrogène; Perboric acid (H3BO2(O2)), monosodium salt trihydrate; perboric acid (H3BO2(O2)), monosodium salt trihydrate; sodium peroxoborate hexahydrate; perboric acid (H3BO2(O2)), monosodium salt trihydrate; sodium peroxoborate hexahydrate; Perboric acid (H3BO2(O2)), monosodium salt, trihydrate ; perboric acid (H3BO2(O2)), monosodium salt, trihydrate; sodium peroxoborate hexahydrate; perboric acid (H3BO2(O2)), monosodium salt, trihydrate; sodium peroxoborate hexahydrate ; Perboric acid (H3BO8), monosidum salt; perboric acid, sodium salt; Sodium perborate; sodium perborate; sodium peroxoborate; sodium perborate; sodium peroxoborate ; sodium perborate; sodium peroxoborate; sodium peroxoborate; sodium peroxoborate hexahydrate. Translated names : (peroksoboran) nadboran sodu (pl); acid perboric (H3BO2(O2)), sare monosodică, trihidrat (ro) ; acide perborique (H3BO2(O2)), sel de monosodium , trihydraté (fr); acide perborique (H3BO2(O2)), sel de monosodium trihydraté (fr); acido perborico (H3BO2(O2)), sale triidrato monosodico (it) ; aċidu perboriku (H3BO(O2)), melħ tal-monosodju, triidrat (mt); kyselina perboritá (H3BO2(O2)), monosodná sůl, trihydrát (cs); naatriumperboraat (et); natrijev perborat (sl); natrijev peroksoborat heksahidrat;perborna kiselina (H3BO2(O2)) ;mononatrijeva sol trihidrat (hr); natrijev peroksoborat heksahidrat;perborna kiselina (H3BO2(O2)) ;mononatrijeva sol trihidrat (hr); natrijev peroksoborat;natrijev perborate (hr); natrijev peroksoborat;natrijev perborate (hr); natrio peroksoboratas (lt); natriumperboraat (nl); natriumperboraatti (fi); natriumperborat (da); natriumperoxoborattrihydrat (sv); nátrium-perborát (hu); nātrija perborāts (lv); perboorhappe (H3BO2(O2)) mononaatriumsoola trihüdraat (et); perboorihappo, (H3BO2(O2)), mononatriumsuola, trihydraatti (fi); perboorzuur (H3BO2(O2)), mononatriumzout, trihydraat (nl); perborat de sodiu (ro); perborat tas-sodju (mt); perborate de sodium (fr); perborato de sodio (es); perborato de sódio (pt) ; perborato di sodio (it); perboritan sodný (cs); perborova kislina (H3BO2(O2)), mononatrijeva sol, trihidrat (sl); perborskābes (H3BO2(O2)), vienaizvietotā nātrija sāļa trihidrāts (lv); perborsyra (H3BO2(O2)), natriumsalt, trihydrat (sv); perborsyre (H3BO2(O2)), mononatriumsalt trihydrat (da); perborsyre (H3BO2(O2)), mononatriumsalt, trihydrat (no); Perborsäure (H3BO2(O2)), Mononatriumsalz-Trihydrat (de); perbórsav (H3BO2(O2)), mononátriumsó, trihidrát (hu); perbórsav (H3BO2(O2)), mononátriumsó-trihidrát (hu); peroksoborato rūgšties (H3BO2(O2)) mononatrio druska, trihidratas (lt); sól monosodowa kwasu nadborowego (H3BO2(O2)) trój-wodna (pl); sól monosodowa kwasu nadborowego (H3BO2(O2)) trójwodna (pl); tetrahydrogentetraoxodiperoxodiboritan disodný (sk); trihydrát monosodnej soli kyseliny trihydrogendioxodiperoxoboritej (H3BO2(O2)) (sk); ácido perbórico (H3BO2(O2)), sal de monosodio, trihidratada (es); ácido perbórico (H3BO2(O2)), sal monossódico, tri-hidratado (pt); άλας του υπερβορικού οξέος (H3BO2(O2)) με νάτριο, τριένυδρο (el); υπερβορικό νάτριο (el); натриев перборат (bg); перборна киселина (H3BO2(O2)), мононатриева сол трихидрат (bg); перборна киселина (H3BO2(O2)), мононатриева сол, трихидрат (bg); Perboric acid (H3BO2(O2)), monosodium salt ; IUPAC names: disodium;3,3,6,6-tetrahydroxy-1,2,4,5-tetraoxa-3,6-diboranuidacyclohexane; Sodium peroxometaborate ; trisodium [(dioxidoboranyl)oxy]olate

Sodium perborate is an inorganic sodium salt widely used in laundry detergents and peroxide-based bleaches, such as tooth whitening products.
Sodium perborate is soluble in water and releases hydrogen peroxide, but it is not merely a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sodium borate, as peroxoborate species deliver the hydroperoxide anion at a lower pH than H2O2.
Sodium perborate has antiseptic properties and can act as a disinfectant, making it useful in detergents, cleaning products, and some eye drops as a preservative.

CAS Number: 10486-00-7
EC Number: 234-390-0
Chemical Formula: NaBO3 * 4 H2O
Molar Mass: 153.88 g/mol

Synonyms: Perboric acid, sodium salt, monohydrate, sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane;hydrate, Y9UKD0XE6F, Sodium perborate monohydrate [USAN], Sodium perborate monohydrate (USAN), Caswell No. 784A, Sodium borate, monohydrate, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 011105, Sodium perborate hydrate, UNII-Y9UKD0XE6F, SODIUM BORATE MONOHYDRATE, DTXSID9035676, MFCD00149230, FT-0696526, SODIUM PERBORATE MONOHYDRATE [MART.], SODIUM PERBORATE MONOHYDRATE [WHO-DD], D07066, Perboric acid (HBO(O2)), sodium salt, monohydrate, Q18212089, perboric acid, Perboric acid (HBO3), Perboric acid (HBO(O2)), UNII-HC4C3M1FO2, HC4C3M1FO2, 14034-78-7, HBO3, DTXSID9058602, DB13235

Sodium perborate is commonly encountered in anhydrous form or as a hexahydrate (commonly called "monohydrate" or PBS-1 and "tetrahydrate" or PBS-4, after the early assumption that NaBO3 would be the anhydrous form).
They are both white, odorless, water-soluble solids.

This salt is widely used in laundry detergents, as one of the peroxide-based bleaches.

Sodium perborate is an oxidative preservative that is used in Genteal lubricating eye drops.
With topical application, sodium perborate is converted by catalase to water, oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide.

Sodium perborate antimicrobial properties are attributed to oxidization of cell membranes, membrane-bound enzymes, and disruption of protein synthesis.
Also, sodium perborate has demonstrated efficacy against Aspergillus niger.

However, most ophthalmic solutions that contain sodium perborate produce the byproduct, hydrogen peroxide, at levels between 30 and 100 ppm, which can cause ocular stinging.
Less is known about the histopathologic corneal and conjunctival changes associated with topical sodium perborate.

Sodium perborate is chemical compound whose chemical formula may be written NaH2BO4, Na2H4B2O8, or, more properly, [Na+]2[B2O4(OH)4]2−.
Sodium perborate name is sometimes abbreviated as PBS (not to be confused with phosphate-buffered saline).

Sodium perborate is used in the detergent industry as a bleaching agent.
The crystalline reagent is available inexpensively as a hydrate with the general formula NaBO3 • n H2O (n: 1-4).

The reagent offers low toxicity and a long shelf life.
Sodium perborate is a useful reagent in organic synthesis as a substitute for the unstable, highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions that can pose a significant explosion hazard and are not commercially available.

Sodium perborate is soluble in water and releases hydrogen peroxide, but Sodium perborate is not merely a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sodium borate.
NMR and Raman spectroscopy indicate that in dilute solution, an equilibrium exists that still contains peroxoborate anions.
These peroxoborate species are able to deliver the hydroperoxide anion at a lower pH than when H2O2 is used.

Sodium perborate is activated toward nucleophilic oxidation, and also buffers the reaction medium.

For oxidations of organoboranes, Kabalka notes that H2O2 sometimes requires quite harsh conditions that are incompatible with many functional groups, while Sodium perborate offers an interesting mild alternative.
He assumes that the mild nature of the oxidant is a result of having borate as a leaving group as compared to hydroxide, which is formed in hydrogen peroxide oxidations.

Mixing sodium perborate with acetic acid generates even more powerful oxidation species.

Sodium perborate is considered as a source of active hydrogen used in detergents, cleaning products, laundry detergents and bleaches.
Sodium perborate finds application as a tooth bleaching agent utilized for tooth.

Sodium perborate has antiseptic properties and acts as disinfectant as well as preservative in eye drops.
Further, Sodium perborate is mixed with suitable activator, tetraacetylethylenediamine in order to release oxygen at lower temperatures.

Perboric acid is mainly found in its salt form of sodium perborate and it can be found as a monohydrate or tetrahydrate.
Sodium perborate is one of the peroxy acid salts with very wide functionalities in industrial settings.

Perboric acid in the form of sodium perborate is approved by Health Canada since 2004 to be used as a disinfectant of medical instruments.
By the FDA, sodium perborate is approved as an ointment for the protection of poison ivy dermatitis.

Sodium perborate is an inorganic sodium salt widely used in laundry detergents and in peroxide-based bleaches, such as tooth whitening products.
Sodium perborate also has antiseptic and disinfectant properties and is therefore used as an oral debriding agent or oral wound cleanser.

Sodium perborates are salts composed of a sodium cation and the conjugate base anion of some inorganic or organic acids.
They can be formed by the neutralization of such acids with sodium hydroxide.

Categorization of Sodium Perborate:

Sodium perborates can be categorized into:
Sodium perborates of carboxylic acids (e. g. sodium formate, HCOONa, the Sodium perborate of formic acid or sodium acetate, CH3COONa, the Sodium perborate of acetic acid, etc.) and
Sodium perborates of inorganic acids (sulfonic acids etc.)

Organic Sodium perborates:

Drugs:
In pharmaceutical technology acidic pharmaceutical substances are often converted into Sodium perborates, because they are more stable, more soluble or membrane-permeable (bioavailable) than the base compound.

Examples of such Sodium perborates are (selection):
Bispyribac, bithionol, bosentan, brequinar, bromfenac, Cefmenoxime, ceftiofur, citicoline, diclofenac , Floxacillin, fosinopril, Mordant brown 33, naproxen, Netobimin, ozagrel, pantoprazole, pemetrexed, secobarbital, sitamaquin, sitaxentan, sulfamiderazin, sulfapyridine, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfathiazole, sulfazecin, thiamylal and mesna.

The Disodium perborate of cromolyn is also used as drug.
Most of these salts are Sodium perborates of organic carboxylic acids or sulfonic acids.

Plant protection agents:
Herbicides are often used as Sodium perborates for the reasons discussed above.
One example is the Sodium perborate of methylflupyrsulfuron (CAS-No. 144740-54-5).

Cosmetics:
Sodium perborates of long chain sulfonic acids (e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate) are often included in toothpaste and shampoo.
The Sodium perborates of fatty acids may serve as soaps and can therefore be called sodium soaps.

Dye production:
Sodium perborates of certain aromatic sulfonic acids - particularly naphthalenesulfonic acid - are used in the preparation of azo dyes.

Inorganic Sodium perborates:
Examples of important inorganic Sodium perborates are sodium fluoride, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, sodium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate.
Sodium amide (NaNH2) is the Sodium perborate of ammonia (NH3).

Uses of Sodium Perborate:
Sodium perborate serves as a stable source of active oxygen in many detergents, laundry detergents, cleaning products, and laundry bleaches.
Sodium perborate is a less aggressive bleach than sodium hypochlorite and other chlorine-based bleaches, causing less degradation to dyes and textiles.

Borates also have some non-oxidative bleaching properties.
Sodium perborate releases oxygen rapidly at temperatures over 60 °C.
To make Sodium perborate active at lower temperatures (40–60 °C), one must mix Sodium perborate with a suitable activator, typically tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED).

Sodium perborate is also present in some tooth bleaching formulas for non vital root treated teeth.
Sodium perborate is inserted in the root canal and left in place for an extended period of time to allow Sodium perborate to diffuse into the tooth and bleach stains from the inside out.
However, this use has been banned in the European Union.

Sodium perborate has antiseptic properties and can act as a disinfectant.
Sodium perborate is also used as a "disappearing" preservative in some brands of eye drops.

Sodium perborate is also used as an oxidizing reagent in organic synthesis.
For example, Sodium perborate converts thioethers into sulfoxides and sulfones.

Applications of Sodium Perborate:
Sodium perborate is considered as a source of active hydrogen used in detergents, cleaning products, laundry detergents and bleaches.
Sodium perborate finds application as a tooth bleaching agent utilized for tooth.

Sodium perborate has antiseptic properties and acts as disinfectant as well as preservative in eye drops.
Further, Sodium perborate is mixed with suitable activator, tetraacetylethylenediamine in order to release oxygen at lower temperatures.

Hydrates:
Sodium perborate also crystallizes from water as the hexahydrate, Na2H4B2O8·6H2O, that is, Na2H16B2O14 or NaH8BO7.

The anhydrous compound is commonly but incorrectly called a "monohydrate" after the historical formulation NaBO3·H2O instead of the correct Na2H4B2O8.
Likewise, the hexahydrate is usually called "tetrahydrate" and formulated as NaBO3·4H2O.

Both forms are white, odorless, water-soluble solids.
The "monohydrate" and the "tetrahydrate" are the commercially important forms.

There does exist a true tetrahydrate Na2H4B2O8·4H2O, traditionally known as the "trihydrate", with no industrial significance.
There is a CAS number for each of the three traditional "hydrates", the three "peroxyborate" versions of each (interpreted as a hydrogen peroxide adduct) and the poorly-defined "anhydrate" NaBO3, totalling seven.

Chemistry of Sodium Perborate:
Sodium perborate undergoes hydrolysis in contact with water, producing hydrogen peroxide and borate.

More precisely, in solution the cyclic anion hydrolizes into two anions [B(OH)3(OOH)]−, which then enter in equilibrium with boric acid B(OH)3, hydrogen peroxide H2O2, the hydroperoxyl anion −OOH, and the tetrahydroxyborate anion [B(OH)4]−:
[(B(OH)2OO)2]2− + 2 H2O ⇌ 2 [B(OH)3(OOH)]−
[B(OH)3(OOH)]− ⇌ B(OH)3 + −OOH
B(OH)3 + −OOH + H2O ⇌ [B(OH)4]− + H2O2

As the concentration of the solution increases, other peroxoborate species become significant.
With excess H2O2, the anions [B(OH)2(OOH)2]−, [B(OH)(OOH)3]−, and eventually [B(OOH)4]− appear.
At high borate concentrations, the sodium perborate with dimeric anion crystallizes out, due to Sodium perborate relatively low solubility.

The "monohydrate" form dissolves faster than the "tetrahydrate" and has higher heat stability; Sodium perborate is prepared by heating the "tetrahydrate".
The commercial "anhydrate", or Oxoborate, is prepared by further heating of "monohydrate" and actually consists of sodium borate and boron–oxygen radical.

Pharmacology of Sodium Perborate:

Drug Indication:
In the industry, sodium perborate is used as a disinfectant.
Sodium perborate is also part of the ingredients for detergents, bleach powders, and personal care formulations.

In cosmetic products, perboric acid and mainly Sodium perborate salt are used as an oxidizing agent for dyeing or permanent waving.
In dentistry, sodium perborate monohydrate is used as an aid for the removal of phlegm, mucus or other secretions associated with an occasional sore in the mouth, for cleansing minor wounds, for temporary cleanse of canker sore or for the removal of foreign materials in minor wounds.

In ophthalmic preparations, sodium perborate is used as a preservative for products used for dry eye.
This use is approved as Sodium perborate rapidly degrades to harmless byproducts.

Preparation of Sodium Perborate:

Sodium perborate is manufactured by reaction of borax Na2B4O7 and sodium hydroxide NaOH to give sodium metaborate NaBO2, which is then reacted with hydrogen peroxide to give hydrated sodium perborate:
Na2B4O7 + 2 NaOH → 4 NaBO2 + H2O
2 NaBO2 + 2 H2O2 → Na2B2O4(OH)4

A surfactant may be added to control crystal size.

Sodium perborate may also be produced in the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of a solution containing borax, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate (potassium dichromate is added to improve yield along with sodium silicate).
A copper pipe is used as a cathode and platinum for the anode, the current being 6 amperes at 7 to 8 volts, and the temperature 10 °C.

Structure of Sodium Perborate:
Unlike sodium percarbonate and sodium perphosphate, Sodium perborate is not simply an adduct with hydrogen peroxide – known only since 1961.
Rather, Sodium perborate contains a perborate anion [(B(OH)2OO)2]2− consisting of a cyclic −B−O−O−B−O−O− core with two hydroxy groups attached to each boron atom.
The ring adopts a chair conformation.

Storage of Sodium Perborate:
Well closed.
Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents and strong acids.

Safety of Sodium Perborate:
In the European Union, sodium perborate, like most borates, was classified as "carcinogenic, mutagenic, or toxic for reproduction" (CMR), category 1B of Regulation (EC) 790/2009, as a result of being included in Part 3 of Annex VI of the regulation 1272/2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) of substances and mixtures.
As a result, their use has been automatically banned in cosmetic products in the EU, in any concentration, starting 1 December 2010.
That extends to the use of perborates for tooth whitening.

Fire Fighting of Sodium Perborate:
In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

In case of fire:
Keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.
NO direct contact with water.

Spillage Disposal of Sodium Perborate:

Personal protection:
Particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of Sodium perborate.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Sweep spilled substance into covered dry, sealable containers.
Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

Identifiers of Sodium Perborate:
CAS Number:
7632-04-4
10332-33-9 ("monohydrate")
10486-00-7 ("tetrahydrate")

ChEBI: CHEBI:30178
ChemSpider: 4574023
ECHA InfoCard: 100.035.597
EC Number: 231-556-4
PubChem CID: 5460514
RTECS number: SC7350000

UNII:
Y52BK1W96C
Y9UKD0XE6F ("monohydrate")
822HSQ655R ("tetrahydrate")

UN number: 1479
InChI: InChI=1S/B2H4O8.2Na/c3-1(4)7-9-2(5,6)10-8-1;;/h3-6H;;/q-2;2*+1
Key: JBUKJLNBQDQXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/B2H4O8.2Na/c3-1(4)7-9-2(5,6)10-8-1;;/h3-6H;;/q-2;2*+1
Key: JBUKJLNBQDQXLI-UHFFFAOYAG
SMILES: [Na+].[Na+].O[B-]1(OO[B-](O)(O)OO1)O

CAS number: 10486-00-7
EC index number: 005-018-01-X
EC number: 234-390-0
Hill Formula: BNaO₃ * 4 H₂O
Chemical formula: NaBO₃ * 4 H₂O
Molar Mass: 153.88 g/mol
HS Code: 2840 30 00

Synonyms: Sodium perborate tetrahydrate
Linear Formula: NaBO3 · 4H2O
CAS Number: 10486-00-7
Molecular Weight: 153.86
EC Number: 239-172-9

Linear Formula: BNaO3 • 4H2O
MDL Number: MFCD00149231
EC No.: 231-556-4
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 23676691
IUPAC Name: sodium; 3-oxido dioxaborirane; tetrahydrate
SMILES: B1(OO1)[O-].O.O.O.O.[Na+]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/BO3.Na.4H2O/c2-1-3-4-1;;;;;/h;;4*1H2/q-1;+1;;;;
InchI Key: IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Properties of Sodium Perborate:
Chemical formula: NaBO3·nH2O
Molar mass: 99.815 g/mol ("monohydrate");
153.86 g/mol ("tetrahydrate")
Appearance: White powder
Odor: Odorless
Melting point: 63 °C (145 °F; 336 K) ("tetrahydrate")
Boiling point: 130 to 150 °C (266 to 302 °F; 403 to 423 K) ("tetrahydrate", decomposes)
Solubility in water: 2.15 g/(100 mL) ("tetrahydrate", 18 °C)

Density: 1.73 g/cm3
Melting Point: 60 °C (decomposition)
pH value: 10 (15 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Bulk density: 800 kg/m3
Solubility: 23 g/l (20 °C)

Compound Formula: H8BNaO7
Molecular Weight: 153.86
Appearance: White crystalline solid
Melting Point: 60 °C
Exact Mass: 154.026077
Monoisotopic Mass: 154.026077

Molecular Weight: 99.82 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 99.9943830 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 99.9943830 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 50.4Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Complexity: 20.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Sodium Perborate:
Assay (manganometric): ≥ 96.0 %
Identity: passes test
Chloride (Cl): ≤ 0.1 %
Sulphate (SO₄): ≤ 1.2 %
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 0.003 %
Fe (Iron): ≤ 0.002 %

Melting Point: 60°C (decomposition)
Density: 1.73
pH: ∼10
Odor: Odorless
Quantity: 2500 g
UN Number: UN1479
Sensitivity: Hygroscopic
Merck Index: 14,8652
Solubility Information: Soluble in water.
Formula Weight: 153.86 (81.84 Anhydrous)
Percent Purity: 97%
Chemical Name or Material: Sodium perborate tetrahydrate

Names of Sodium Perborate:
Sodium peroxoborate
PBS-1 ("monohydrate")
PBS-4 ("tetrahydrate")

SYNONYMS Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate; Carbonic acid disodium salt, compound with hydrogen peroxide(2:3); PCS; Sodium Carbonate Peroxide CAS NO. 15630-89-4

Sodium percarbonate is a chemical compound with the formula Na2CO3·1.5H2O2.
Sodium Percarbonate is also known by other names such as sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate or solid hydrogen peroxide.
Sodium percarbonate is a white, crystalline substance that is highly soluble in water.
Sodium Percarbonate is a solid compound consisting of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a 2:3 molar ratio.

CAS Number: 15630-89-4
EC Number: 239-707-6

APPLICATIONS

Sodium Percarbonate is commonly used as a bleaching agent in laundry detergents to remove stains and brighten fabrics.
Sodium Percarbonate finds application in household cleaning products for surface cleaning, stain removal, and disinfection.
Sodium Percarbonate is used in carpet cleaners and stain removers to remove tough stains from carpets and upholstery.

Sodium Percarbonate is employed in denture cleaning tablets and solutions to sanitize and remove stains from dentures.
Sodium Percarbonate is utilized in water treatment processes to disinfect and purify water sources.

Sodium Percarbonate is added to multi-purpose cleaners to provide stain-removing and disinfecting properties.
Sodium Percarbonate is used in deck and patio cleaners to remove dirt, grime, and stains from outdoor surfaces.
Sodium Percarbonate is employed in mold and mildew removers to effectively eliminate fungal growth.

Sodium Percarbonate is added to laundry soaking solutions for pre-treating heavily stained garments.
Sodium Percarbonate is used in dishwasher detergents to remove tough food stains from dishes and utensils.
Sodium Percarbonate is utilized in surface disinfectants for its antimicrobial properties.

Sodium Percarbonate is added to wood cleaning and restoration products to remove stains and revive the appearance of wood surfaces.
Sodium Percarbonate finds application in tile and grout cleaners for removing dirt, grime, and soap scum.
Sodium Percarbonate is used in algae and moss control products to prevent and remove growth on outdoor surfaces.

Sodium Percarbonate is employed in pool and spa water treatment for maintaining water clarity and disinfection.
Sodium Percarbonate is utilized in air duct cleaning solutions to remove dirt and debris from HVAC systems.

Sodium Percarbonate is added to textile bleaching processes to whiten and brighten fabrics.
Sodium Percarbonate finds application in the pulp and paper industry for bleaching and deinking processes.

Sodium Percarbonate is used in industrial cleaning formulations for heavy-duty cleaning applications.
Sodium Percarbonate is employed in the food and beverage industry for equipment and surface cleaning and sanitization.
Sodium Percarbonate is used in agriculture and horticulture for disinfection, plant disease control, and pathogen management.
Sodium Percarbonate finds application in aquaculture for water disinfection and controlling bacterial and fungal infections.

Sodium Percarbonate is employed in the oil and gas industry for the cleaning and maintenance of equipment and pipelines.
Sodium Percarbonate may be used in medical and healthcare facilities for surface disinfection and equipment cleaning.
Sodium Percarbonate is added to cleaning products for brewery and winery equipment cleaning and sanitization.

Sodium Percarbonate has several applications across various industries.
Here are some of its common uses:

Laundry:
Sodium Percarbonate is widely used in laundry detergents and stain removers.
Sodium Percarbonate acts as a bleaching agent and helps remove tough stains and brighten fabrics.

Household Cleaning:
Sodium Percarbonate is utilized in household cleaning products such as all-purpose cleaners, bathroom cleaners, and kitchen cleaners.
Sodium Percarbonate effectively cleans and disinfects surfaces, removing stains, mold, and mildew.

Carpet Cleaning:
Sodium Percarbonate is an ingredient in carpet cleaning solutions and stain removers.
Sodium Percarbonate helps break down and remove stubborn stains, including those caused by coffee, wine, and food.

Denture Cleaning:
Sodium Percarbonate is used in denture cleaning tablets and solutions.
Sodium Percarbonate helps sanitize and remove stains from dentures, ensuring proper oral hygiene.

Water Treatment:
Sodium Percarbonate is employed in water treatment applications, particularly for the disinfection and purification of water.
Sodium Percarbonate acts as an oxidizing agent, killing bacteria, viruses, and algae.

Deck and Patio Cleaning:
Sodium Percarbonate is utilized in cleaning solutions for outdoor surfaces like decks, patios, and fences.
Sodium Percarbonate helps remove dirt, grime, and stains, restoring the appearance of the surfaces.

Mold and Mildew Removal:
Sodium Percarbonate is effective in removing mold and mildew from various surfaces, including bathroom tiles, grout, and outdoor areas prone to fungal growth.

Laundry Soak:
Sodium Percarbonate can be used as a soaking agent for heavily stained or soiled laundry.
Sodium Percarbonate helps lift and loosen tough stains before washing.

Dishwasher Detergent:
Sodium Percarbonate is found in some dishwasher detergents, aiding in the removal of tough food stains and providing a thorough clean.

Surface Disinfection:
Sodium Percarbonate is used to sanitize and disinfect hard surfaces in hospitals, laboratories, and food processing facilities due to its antimicrobial properties.

Wood Cleaning and Restoration:
Sodium Percarbonate is employed in wood cleaning and restoration products to remove stains, dirt, and weathering from wooden surfaces, improving their appearance.

Tile and Grout Cleaning:
Sodium Percarbonate helps remove dirt, soap scum, and stains from tiles and grout lines, restoring their original color and cleanliness.

Algae and Moss Control:
Sodium Percarbonate can be used to control algae and moss growth on various outdoor surfaces, including roofs, walkways, and fences.

Pool and Spa Water Treatment:
Sodium Percarbonate is sometimes used in pool and spa water treatment to help maintain water clarity, control organic contaminants, and disinfect the water.

Air Duct Cleaning:
Sodium Percarbonate is used in air duct cleaning solutions to remove dirt, dust, and debris from HVAC systems, improving air quality.

Textile and Fabric Industries:
Sodium Percarbonate is employed in the textile and fabric industries for fabric bleaching, stain removal, and color restoration processes.

Pulp and Paper Industry:
Sodium Percarbonate is used in the pulp and paper industry for pulp bleaching, deinking processes, and the removal of ink and stains from paper.

Industrial Cleaning:
Sodium Percarbonate is utilized in industrial cleaning formulations for the removal of tough stains, grease, and dirt from machinery, equipment, and surfaces.

Food and Beverage Industry:
Sodium Percarbonate finds applications in the food and beverage industry for the cleaning and sanitation of equipment, containers, and processing surfaces.

Agriculture and Horticulture:
Sodium Percarbonate can be used as a disinfectant for agricultural tools, equipment, and surfaces.
Sodium Percarbonate also aids in the control of fungal diseases and plant pathogens.

Aquaculture:
Sodium Percarbonate is employed in aquaculture for water disinfection, maintaining water quality, and controlling bacterial and fungal infections in aquatic environments.

Oil and Gas Industry:
Sodium Percarbonate is utilized in the oil and gas industry for the cleaning and maintenance of oil wells, pipelines, and equipment.

Medical and Healthcare:
Sodium Percarbonate may be used in medical and healthcare facilities for surface disinfection and cleaning of medical equipment.

Brewery and Winery:
Sodium Percarbonate finds applications in the brewery and winery industry for the cleaning and sanitization of brewing and fermentation equipment.

Mold Remediation:
Sodium Percarbonate is used in mold remediation and restoration processes to remove mold, disinfect affected surfaces, and prevent mold regrowth.

Cleaning and Restoration of Historical Artifacts:
Sodium Percarbonate can be employed in the cleaning and restoration of historical artifacts, sculptures, and artworks.

Septic System Maintenance:
Sodium Percarbonate is used in septic system maintenance products to help control odor, break down organic matter, and maintain the health of the system.

Veterinary and Animal Care:
Sodium Percarbonate may be used in veterinary and animal care facilities for cleaning and disinfecting animal enclosures, equipment, and surfaces.

Automotive and Car Wash:
The compound can find applications in automotive cleaning products, car wash solutions, and engine degreasers for stain and dirt removal.

DESCRIPTION

Sodium percarbonate is a chemical compound with the formula Na2CO3·1.5H2O2.
Sodium Percarbonate is also known by other names such as sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate or solid hydrogen peroxide.
Sodium percarbonate is a white, crystalline substance that is highly soluble in water.
Sodium Percarbonate is a solid compound consisting of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a 2:3 molar ratio.

Sodium percarbonate is a source of active oxygen, meaning it releases hydrogen peroxide when dissolved in water.
Sodium Percarbonate is commonly used as an oxygen bleach and a cleaning agent due to its strong oxidizing properties.
When dissolved in water, it breaks down into hydrogen peroxide, which acts as a bleaching and stain-removing agent.

Sodium Percarbonate is often used in laundry detergents, stain removers, and household cleaning products to remove stains, brighten fabrics, and disinfect surfaces.
Sodium percarbonate is effective at removing a wide range of stains, including coffee, tea, wine, and food stains.
Sodium Percarbonate is considered an environmentally friendly alternative to chlorine bleach since it decomposes into water, oxygen, and soda ash (sodium carbonate) during the cleaning process.

In addition to its use in cleaning products, sodium percarbonate is also utilized in various other applications such as denture cleaners, carpet cleaners, and as a disinfectant for water treatment.
Sodium Percarbonate is an active ingredient in some oxygen-based multi-purpose cleaners and can be used for the cleaning and restoration of outdoor surfaces like decks, fences, and siding.

When handling sodium percarbonate, it is important to follow safety precautions and guidelines provided by the manufacturer. Sodium Percarbonate should be stored in a cool, dry place away from incompatible substances and sources of ignition.
Contact with the eyes or skin should be avoided, and appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, should be worn when handling the compound.

Sodium Percarbonate is a white, crystalline powder.
Sodium Percarbonate has a chemical formula of 2Na2CO3·3H2O2.
Sodium Percarbonate is highly soluble in water.

Sodium Percarbonate is an inorganic peroxide compound.
Sodium Percarbonate is a solid substance with a granular or powdered texture.
Sodium Percarbonate has a mild, characteristic odor.

Sodium Percarbonate is a source of active oxygen.
Sodium Percarbonate acts as a bleaching agent and stain remover.
Sodium Percarbonate is commonly used in laundry detergents.

Sodium Percarbonate effectively removes stains from fabrics, including coffee, tea, and wine.
Sodium Percarbonate brightens and revitalizes dull or discolored clothes.
Sodium Percarbonate is known for its strong oxidizing properties.

Sodium Percarbonate decomposes into water, oxygen, and soda ash.
Sodium Percarbonate is an environmentally friendly alternative to chlorine bleach.
Sodium Percarbonate is used in household cleaning products.
Sodium Percarbonate disinfects and sanitizes surfaces effectively.

Sodium Percarbonate is an active ingredient in denture cleaners.
Sodium Percarbonate is utilized in carpet cleaners for stain removal.
Sodium Percarbonate is used for water treatment and purification.
Sodium Percarbonate has applications in the restoration of outdoor surfaces.

Sodium Percarbonate is safe to use on most fabrics and colors.
Sodium Percarbonate is non-toxic and biodegradable.

Sodium Percarbonate is stable under normal storage conditions.
Sodium Percarbonate should be stored in a dry place away from moisture.
Sodium Percarbonate is important to follow recommended dosage and handling instructions when using Sodium Percarbonate.

PROPERTIES

Chemical Formula: 2Na2CO3·3H2O2
Molar Mass: 314.02 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Melting Point: Decomposes around 50-70°C (122-158°F)
Density: 2.25 g/cm3
pH (1% solution): Approximately 10-11 (alkaline)
Decomposition Temperature: Decomposes at temperatures above 70°C (158°F)
Storage Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions
Hygroscopicity: Absorbs moisture from the atmosphere
Chemical Class: Inorganic peroxide compound
Oxidizing Properties: Sodium Percarbonate is a strong oxidizing agent.
Active Oxygen Content: Contains approximately 13.5% active oxygen.
Degradation Products: Decomposes into water, oxygen, and soda ash (sodium carbonate).
Flammability: Non-flammable
Toxicity: Sodium Percarbonate is considered relatively low in toxicity.

FIRST AID

Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is experiencing difficulty breathing, provide oxygen if available and seek medical attention.
If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration and seek immediate medical attention.
Keep the affected person at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.

Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected skin area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Wash gently with mild soap and water.
If skin irritation or redness develops, seek medical advice.
If the chemical is stuck to the skin, do not try to remove it forcefully; seek medical attention for professional removal.

Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring to remove any contact lenses if present and easy to do.
Seek immediate medical attention, and bring the product label or safety data sheet with you.

Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide medical personnel with the product information.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Personal Protection:
When handling Sodium Percarbonate, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat or protective clothing to prevent direct skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to minimize exposure to airborne particles or dust.

Avoid Ingestion and Inhalation:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Sodium Percarbonate.
Avoid inhalation of dust or aerosols.
Use mechanical handling or closed systems to minimize the generation of airborne particles.

Prevent Contact with Skin and Eyes:
Avoid direct contact with Sodium Percarbonate.
In case of skin contact, promptly wash the affected area with water and mild soap.
In case of eye contact, rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention.

Handling Equipment:
Use appropriate handling equipment such as scoops, shovels, or containers made of compatible materials (e.g., plastic or stainless steel) to transfer Sodium Percarbonate. Avoid using equipment made of reactive metals.

Spill and Leak Response:
In the event of a spill or leak, contain and clean up the material promptly, using appropriate protective equipment. Avoid generating dust and prevent the spilled material from entering drains, waterways, or soil.

Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store Sodium Percarbonate in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from sources of heat, ignition, and direct sunlight.
Maintain the storage area at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) to avoid decomposition.
Keep containers tightly closed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.

Compatibility:
Store Sodium Percarbonate away from incompatible substances such as strong acids, reducing agents, and reactive metals.
Keep it separate from flammable materials and organic substances.

Packaging and Labeling:
Ensure that Sodium Percarbonate is stored in its original, properly labeled container.
Clearly label storage containers with appropriate hazard warnings, product name, and safety information.

Accessibility:
Store Sodium Percarbonate in a designated area, away from children, unauthorized personnel, and sources of ignition.

Fire Prevention:
Sodium Percarbonate is non-flammable.
However, take general fire prevention measures, such as keeping the storage area clear of flammable materials and maintaining suitable fire suppression equipment nearby.

SYNONYMS

Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate
Sodium Percarbonate
Sodium Carbonate Hydrogen Peroxide
Solid Hydrogen Peroxide
Sodium Carbonate Peroxide
Sodium Peroxy Carbonate
Sodium Percarbonate Monohydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxohydrate
Sodium Carbonate Diperhydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxide
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Peroxide
Sodium Percarbonate Anhydrous
Sodium Carbonate Dihydrate Peroxide
Sodium Peroxy Carbonate Hydrate
Sodium Peroxocarbonate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate Monohydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxide Hydrate
Sodium Peroxocarbonate Monohydrate
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Peroxyhydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxide Monohydrate
Sodium Peroxy Carbonate Monohydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxide Dihydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxide Hydrate
Sodium Peroxocarbonate Dihydrate
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Peroxide Monohydrate
Sodium Carbonate Dihydrate Peroxyhydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxide Dihydrate Monohydrate
Sodium Peroxocarbonate Dihydrate Monohydrate
Sodium Peroxy Carbonate Dihydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxide Monohydrate Dihydrate
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Peroxide Dihydrate
Sodium Peroxy Carbonate Hydrate Monohydrate
Sodium Carbonate Dihydrate Peroxyhydrate Monohydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxide Hydrate Dihydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate Dihydrate
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Peroxide Dihydrate
Sodium Percarbonate Dihydrate
Sodium Peroxocarbonate Dihydrate Monohydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxide Hydrate Dihydrate
Sodium Peroxy Carbonate Dihydrate Monohydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate Dihydrate Monohydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxide Monohydrate Dihydrate
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Peroxide Monohydrate Dihydrate
Sodium Percarbonate Dihydrate Monohydrate
Sodium Peroxocarbonate Monohydrate Dihydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxide Dihydrate Monohydrate
Sodium Peroxy Carbonate Hydrate Dihydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate Monohydrate Dihydrate
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Peroxide Dihydrate Monohydrate
Sodium Carbonate Dihydrate Peroxyhydrate Monohydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxide Hydrate Dihydrate Monohydrate
Sodium Peroxocarbonate Dihydrate Monohydrate Tetrahydrate
Sodium Peroxy Carbonate Dihydrate Monohydrate Tetrahydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxide Monohydrate Dihydrate Tetrahydrate
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Peroxide Dihydrate Monohydrate Tetrahydrate
Sodium Percarbonate Dihydrate Monohydrate Tetrahydrate
Sodium Peroxocarbonate Monohydrate Dihydrate Tetrahydrate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxide Dihydrate Monohydrate Tetrahydrate
Sodium Peroxy Carbonate Hydrate Dihydrate Monohydrate Tetrahydrate

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula 2Na2CO3 · 3H2O2.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a white, crystalline, and water-soluble solid that is a perhydrate of sodium carbonate.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a solid hydrogen peroxide compound, often used as an environmentally friendly bleaching agent, disinfectant, and laundry booster.
When dissolved in water, it releases hydrogen peroxide, which is a powerful oxidizing agent and a bleach.

CAS Number: 15630-89-4
EC Number: 239-707-6

APPLICATIONS

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is commonly used in laundry detergents as a powerful stain remover and bleach alternative.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) helps to whiten and brighten clothing, making it an essential component in laundry products.

In the textile industry, Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used in oxygen-based bleaching processes to treat fabrics and remove stains.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is employed in household dishwasher detergents to aid in the removal of tough food stains and residues from dishes and glassware.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is utilized in the cleaning of carpets and upholstery, effectively removing tough stains and odors.

In the pulp and paper industry, it is used to bleach wood pulp and improve the quality of paper products.
Sodium percarbonate finds applications in the restoration and cleaning of historical artifacts, preserving their integrity.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used in mold and mildew removal products for both household and industrial applications.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is employed in cleaning and disinfecting hard surfaces, including countertops and bathroom fixtures.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a key component in eco-friendly and oxygen-based stain removers and multi-surface cleaners.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used in wood cleaning and restoration products to remove stains and brighten wood surfaces.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) serves as an efficient algae and moss remover for decks, roofs, and outdoor structures.

In swimming pools and hot tubs, Sodium percarbonate (SPC) helps maintain water quality by oxidizing organic contaminants.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used in agriculture as an eco-friendly soil fumigant and a source of oxygen for plants.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is employed in aquaculture to improve water quality and promote healthier aquatic environments.

In waste treatment and bioremediation, Sodium percarbonate (SPC) helps break down organic pollutants in water and soil.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used as a disinfectant in various applications, including water treatment and sanitation.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is applied in the cleaning and disinfection of food processing equipment and facilities.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used to sanitize brewing and winemaking equipment, ensuring the quality of beverages.
In the medical field, it is used as a disinfectant for medical instruments and surfaces.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) finds applications in pool and spa maintenance to control algae and bacteria.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used to remove and prevent moss and algae growth on roofs and exterior surfaces.

In the cosmetic industry, Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used in teeth whitening products and oral care products.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is employed in the restoration of historical buildings, cleaning and preserving architectural elements.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a versatile chemical that plays a vital role in various industries and applications, from cleaning and laundry to agriculture and environmental remediation.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used in swimming pool and spa water treatment to control and eliminate algae, bacteria, and other microorganisms that can compromise water quality.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) serves as a valuable component in the cleaning and sanitation of brewing equipment and beer and wine production facilities.

In the cosmetics industry, Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is utilized in teeth whitening products and toothpaste for its stain-removing properties.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) can be found in oxygen-based cleaning products designed for the removal of mildew, mold, and stubborn stains in bathrooms and kitchens.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used as an oxygen source for fish ponds and aquaculture systems to improve oxygen levels in water and support fish health.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) plays a role in the maintenance and cleaning of wastewater treatment facilities to help break down organic waste and control odors.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is employed in the cleaning and disinfection of medical and dental instruments and equipment.
In the textile industry, it is used to bleach fabrics and remove stains, maintaining the quality and appearance of textiles.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is added to dishwashing detergents to enhance their stain-removing and cleaning capabilities.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used in the cleaning and restoration of historical and architectural stone surfaces and sculptures.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) can be applied in wood and deck cleaning products to remove weathering and staining, rejuvenating outdoor structures.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) serves as an eco-friendly alternative to chlorine bleach, making it an ideal choice for those seeking more environmentally friendly cleaning solutions.

Sodium percarbonate is used in the automotive industry for cleaning car interiors, including carpets and upholstery.
In the pet care industry, it is found in pet stain removers to eliminate odors and stains caused by pet accidents.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is utilized in agriculture for soil fumigation and the promotion of plant growth by providing a source of oxygen.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is employed in water treatment and sanitation processes to disinfect drinking water and wastewater.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) can be used as a pool shock treatment to rapidly increase chlorine levels and address water quality issues.
In the home improvement sector, it is used to clean and brighten decks and exterior siding.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is added to roof cleaning products to remove algae, moss, and lichen.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) serves as a versatile cleaning agent for a wide range of surfaces, from countertops to tiles and grout.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a component in environmentally friendly bathroom cleaners, helping to remove soap scum and mold.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) can be used as a laundry booster, improving the stain-removing power of laundry detergents.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) plays a role in disaster recovery and restoration, helping to clean and disinfect flood-damaged areas.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is utilized in the removal of rust stains from a variety of surfaces, including concrete and fabric.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is an eco-friendly, multi-purpose cleaning and sanitizing agent that is valued for its ability to tackle a wide range of cleaning challenges while being safer for the environment compared to traditional chemical solutions.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is commonly used in eco-friendly, oxygen-based laundry detergents, where it helps remove stains and brighten clothing while being gentle on fabrics.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a preferred choice for washing cloth diapers as it effectively removes stains and odors without harming sensitive baby skin.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is employed in the cleaning and disinfection of air conditioning units and ducts, improving indoor air quality.

In the food industry, it is used to clean and sanitize food processing equipment and surfaces, ensuring food safety.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) can be applied in the cleaning of kitchen and restaurant equipment, including stovetops, ovens, and countertops.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) plays a role in mold and mildew removal in residential and commercial buildings, including bathrooms and kitchens.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is utilized in cleaning and restoring outdoor furniture, such as patio chairs and tables.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) serves as an effective deck and fence cleaner, removing dirt, grime, and discoloration.

Sodium percarbonate is employed in the automotive industry for cleaning car exteriors, removing stubborn stains and contaminants.
In agriculture, it can be used as a soil conditioner to improve soil aeration and promote healthy plant growth.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is found in eco-friendly carpet cleaning products that effectively remove stains and odors.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used in the treatment of wastewater in municipal and industrial facilities to break down organic matter.

Sodium percarbonate is an essential component in the restoration and cleaning of historical and cultural artifacts.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) can be applied in water purification processes to eliminate harmful microorganisms and contaminants.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is utilized to remove graffiti from various surfaces without causing damage or discoloration.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) serves as a valuable cleaning agent for boat and marine equipment, removing salt and algae buildup.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used in swimming pool and hot tub maintenance to prevent algae growth and maintain water clarity.
In the pet care industry, it is found in pet odor and stain removers to address pet accidents effectively.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is applied in the cleaning and restoration of brick and stone surfaces in both residential and commercial settings.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) serves as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional chlorine bleach in various cleaning applications.

Sodium percarbonate can be added to commercial and industrial floor cleaners to remove tough stains and residues.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is utilized in the cleaning of glass and windows, leaving streak-free and sparkling results.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is employed in dental hygiene products for its ability to whiten teeth and remove stains.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) can be used as a deodorizer for carpets, upholstery, and fabrics, neutralizing unwanted odors.

Sodium percarbonate's wide range of applications in cleaning, disinfection, and restoration makes it a versatile and environmentally friendly choice for a variety of industries and tasks.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is utilized in the sanitation and disinfection of public swimming pools to maintain water quality and prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is found in environmentally friendly automatic dishwasher detergents, where it helps to remove tough food stains and prevent the buildup of residue on dishes and glassware.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used as a versatile cleaner for household surfaces, including countertops, tiles, and grout, leaving them free of stains and bacteria.
In the pet care industry, it is a key ingredient in pet stain and odor removers, helping to eliminate stubborn pet-related stains and odors.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) can be added to carpet-cleaning machines for a thorough and eco-friendly carpet cleaning process.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is employed in the cleaning of sports and exercise equipment, such as yoga mats and gym surfaces, to ensure cleanliness and hygiene.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) serves as a mold and mildew remover in bathrooms, kitchens, and other damp areas where these issues commonly arise.
In the agriculture sector, it can be used as a soil conditioner to improve soil quality and aeration, enhancing plant growth.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used in eco-friendly roof cleaning products to remove algae, moss, and lichen from rooftops and shingles.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) plays a role in cleaning and restoring historical architectural elements, such as stone facades and sculptures.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is found in bioremediation and wastewater treatment processes, breaking down organic pollutants and reducing environmental contamination.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is applied in the cleaning and sanitation of medical and dental instruments, ensuring hygiene in healthcare settings.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) can be used as a disinfectant in the food and beverage industry for equipment and food contact surfaces.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is employed in eco-friendly wood and deck cleaning products to remove weathering, stains, and discoloration.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a part of oxygen-based stain removers that effectively eliminate stubborn stains from various fabrics and surfaces.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is added to graffiti removal products to safely and efficiently erase graffiti without causing damage to underlying surfaces.

In the automotive industry, Sodium percarbonate (SPC) can be found in wheel and tire cleaners, helping to remove brake dust and road grime.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) serves as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional pool shock treatments, addressing water quality issues in swimming pools.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) can be applied to outdoor play equipment and structures to remove dirt, algae, and stains.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used in the maintenance of water features and fountains, preventing algae growth and maintaining water clarity.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is employed in the cleaning and disinfection of public restrooms and facilities to maintain hygiene standards.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) serves as an effective cleaner for outdoor surfaces, such as patios, walkways, and retaining walls.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is applied in the cosmetic industry for teeth whitening products, promoting dental hygiene and aesthetics.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used in disaster recovery and restoration efforts to clean and disinfect flood-damaged areas.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC)'s versatility and eco-friendly properties make it a valuable component in a wide range of cleaning, disinfection, and restoration applications across various industries.

DESCRIPTION

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula 2Na2CO3 · 3H2O2.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a white, crystalline, and water-soluble solid that is a perhydrate of sodium carbonate.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a solid hydrogen peroxide compound, often used as an environmentally friendly bleaching agent, disinfectant, and laundry booster.
When dissolved in water, it releases hydrogen peroxide, which is a powerful oxidizing agent and a bleach.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is commonly used in various applications, including as a laundry stain remover, dishwasher detergent, surface cleaner, and in environmentally friendly and oxygen-based bleaching processes.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is preferred in many applications due to its ability to provide effective cleaning and stain removal while being safer for the environment compared to some traditional bleach products.

Sodium percarbonate, often abbreviated as Sodium percarbonate (SPC), is a white, crystalline, and water-soluble solid.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula 2Na2CO3 · 3H2O2.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a solid hydrogen peroxide compound that is a perhydrate of sodium carbonate.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a powerful and environmentally friendly oxidizing agent.

When Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is dissolved in water, it releases hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is known for its strong oxidizing properties.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is widely used as a bleach in various applications, including laundry detergents and cleaning products.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative to chlorine bleach.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) can effectively remove stains and brighten clothes in laundry applications.
In laundry detergents, it helps break down and remove organic stains like grass, wine, and coffee.

Sodium percarbonate is used in dishwasher detergents to assist in the removal of tough food stains and residues from dishes and glassware.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a key ingredient in oxygen-based bleaching processes for textiles and pulp and paper industries.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is known for its disinfecting and sanitizing properties, making it a common component in household cleaners.
When mixed with water, it produces a solution that can clean and disinfect various surfaces.

In addition to laundry and cleaning, Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used for stain removal on carpets and upholstery.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is employed in mold and mildew removal products for household and industrial applications.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is also used in the restoration and cleaning of historical artifacts and buildings.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a non-chlorine bleach, making it a preferred choice for those seeking a chlorine-free alternative.

Sodium percarbonate is compatible with septic systems and does not harm the environment when used as directed.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) has a lower environmental impact compared to some traditional bleach products.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a stable compound when stored in a cool, dry place, away from moisture.
When exposed to moisture or water, it releases oxygen gas, which aids in stain removal and cleaning.

The oxygen released by Sodium percarbonate (SPC) helps break down stains and organic matter through oxidation.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is known for its color-safe bleaching properties, as it does not damage or fade colored fabrics.

Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a versatile and eco-friendly chemical that plays a significant role in modern cleaning and laundry products.
Its environmentally friendly and effective cleaning properties make it a popular choice for those looking for greener alternatives in household and industrial cleaning.

PROPERTIES

Chemical Formula: 2Na2CO3 · 3H2O2
Appearance: White, crystalline solid
Molecular Weight: Approximately 314.02 g/mol
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
pH Level: Alkaline (typically around 10-11 in solution)
Bleaching Action: Sodium percarbonate (SPC) releases hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) when dissolved in water, which acts as a powerful oxidizing agent and bleach.
Environmentally Friendly: It is considered an eco-friendly alternative to traditional chlorine bleach as it breaks down into water, oxygen, and soda ash (sodium carbonate) during use.
Stain Removal: Effective at removing a wide range of stains, including organic stains like coffee, tea, wine, and grass.
Color-Safe: Does not typically cause fading or damage to colored fabrics and materials.
Disinfection: Exhibits disinfecting and sanitizing properties, making it suitable for cleaning and sanitation applications.
Compatibility: Compatible with septic systems and does not harm the environment when used as directed.
Stability: Stable when stored in a cool, dry place away from moisture and incompatible substances.

FIRST AID

Inhalation:

If Sodium percarbonate (SPC) dust or fumes are inhaled, move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
Provide oxygen if the person has difficulty breathing.
Seek immediate medical attention if respiratory distress persists or worsens.

Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected skin thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use mild soap if available to assist in cleaning.
Seek medical attention if irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist.

Eye Contact:

If Sodium percarbonate (SPC) comes into contact with the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Keep the affected eye open and rinse beneath the eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention to assess and treat any eye irritation or injury.

Ingestion:

If Sodium percarbonate is ingested, rinse the mouth and drink plenty of water to dilute the chemical.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by a medical professional.
Seek immediate medical attention. Provide the medical staff with information about the ingested substance.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling Sodium percarbonate (SPC), wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety glasses, gloves, and protective clothing to prevent skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Use in a well-ventilated area or under local exhaust ventilation to minimize inhalation of dust or fumes.
Avoid breathing dust or mist.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid direct skin and eye contact with the substance.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the chemical.

Prevent Mixing:
Do not mix Sodium percarbonate (SPC) with other chemicals, especially acids or acidic substances, as this can result in the release of harmful gases.

Do Not Inhale Dust:
Minimize the generation of dust by handling the substance gently.
In case of dust formation, wear a dust mask or respirator.

Spills and Leaks:
Clean up any spills promptly, using appropriate spill control measures and protective equipment.
Dispose of the waste material properly.

Wash Hands:
Wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling Sodium percarbonate (SPC).

Storage:

Cool, Dry Location:
Store Sodium percarbonate in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep it away from moisture and incompatible substances.

Original Container:
Keep the substance in its original container, tightly closed, and labeled correctly with all necessary information.

Separate from Incompatibles:
Store Sodium percarbonate (SPC) away from strong acids, reducing agents, and substances that may react with it, as well as flammable materials.

Temperature:
Avoid exposure to extreme heat, open flames, and direct sunlight, which may lead to decomposition or release of oxygen gas.

Segregate:
Store separately from materials that may be adversely affected by oxygen exposure.

Shelf Life:
Follow the manufacturer's recommendations regarding shelf life and use before the expiration date, if applicable.

Secured Storage:
Ensure that the storage area is secure and inaccessible to unauthorized or untrained personnel.

Spill Control Materials:
Have appropriate spill control materials and equipment readily available in case of accidental spills or releases.

Additional Considerations:

Keep Sodium percarbonate out of reach of children and pets.
Familiarize yourself with the emergency procedures, and maintain access to safety data sheets (SDS) for reference.
Clearly mark storage areas and containers with proper warning labels and handling instructions.
Inspect containers for signs of damage or deterioration and replace damaged containers as needed.
Properly dispose of empty containers in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations.

SYNONYMS

Sodium carbonate peroxide
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate
Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide
Sodium percarbonate compound
Hydrogen peroxide sodium carbonate
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate
Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide
Solid hydrogen peroxide
Oxygen bleach
Oxygenated bleach
Sodium carbonate peroxohydrate
Sodium carbonate peroxide compound
Sodium carbonate sesquiperhydrate
Sodium carbonate peroxohydrate
Sodium carbonate peroxide compound
Sodium carbonate sesquiperhydrate
Solid hydrogen peroxide
Oxygen bleach
Oxygenated bleach
Sodium percarbonate (SPC)
Sodium percarbonate (SPC)
Sodium carbonate peroxohydrate
Sodium carbonate peroxide compound
Sodium carbonate sesquiperhydrate
Sodium carbonate peroxohydrate
Sodium carbonate peroxide salt
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate compound
Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide complex
Sodium carbonate persalt
Sodium carbonate peroxohydrate
Sodium carbonate peroxocarbonate
Sodium carbonate peroxide hydrate
Sodium carbonate hydrogen dioxide
Sodium carbonate peroxy compound
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate salt
Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide compound
Sodium carbonate peroxide mineral
Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide complex
Sodium carbonate peroxohydrate
Sodium carbonate hydrogen dioxide
Sodium carbonate peroxy compound
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate salt
Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide compound
Sodium carbonate peroxide mineral
Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide
Sodium carbonate percarbonate
Sodium carbonate peroxide
Sodium carbonate persalt
Sodium carbonate peroxocarbonate
Sodium carbonate peroxide hydrate
Sodium carbonate peroxy compound
Sodium carbonate peroxide mineral
Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide
Sodium carbonate percarbonate
Sodium carbonate peroxide
Sodium carbonate persalt
Sodium carbonate peroxocarbonate
Sodium carbonate peroxide hydrate
Sodium carbonate hydrogen dioxide
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate salt
Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide compound
Sodium carbonate peroxohydrate
Sodium carbonate hydrogen dioxide
Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide
Sodium carbonate percarbonate
Sodium carbonate peroxide
Sodium carbonate persalt
Sodium carbonate peroxocarbonate
Sodium carbonate peroxide hydrate
Sodium carbonate hydrogen dioxide
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate salt
Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide compound
Sodium carbonate peroxohydrate
Oxygen bleach compound
Oxygenated bleach compound

Sodium perchlorate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula NaClO4.
Sodium perchlorate is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water.
Sodium perchlorate is an oxidizing agent and can be hazardous if not handled properly

CAS Number: 7601-89-0
EC Number: 231-511-9

APPLICATIONS

Sodium perchlorate is used as an oxidizer in solid rocket propellants.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the manufacture of other perchlorate salts.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the preparation of perchloric acid.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of various types of fireworks and pyrotechnics.
Sodium perchlorate is used as a laboratory reagent.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of airbag inflators.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the treatment of thyroid diseases.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the electrolytic production of chlorine and perchloric acid.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of explosives and blasting agents.

Sodium perchlorate is used as a de-icing agent for aircraft.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of perchlorate esters.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the manufacture of perchlorate salts for use in electrochemical applications.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of flame retardants.
Sodium perchlorate is used as an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis.

Sodium perchlorate is used as a reagent in analytical chemistry.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of perchlorate-based rocket fuels.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the manufacture of perchlorate-based explosives.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the preparation of perchlorate salts of various metals.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of perchlorate salts for use as corrosion inhibitors.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of perchlorate-based propellants for missiles and space vehicles.
Sodium perchlorate is used as a reagent in the production of acrylonitrile.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of perchlorate-based herbicides.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the manufacture of perchlorate-based batteries.

Sodium perchlorate has a wide range of applications in various fields.
Some of its applications are:

As an oxidizer in rocket propellants
In the manufacture of fireworks and other pyrotechnics
As an electrolyte in electrochemical processes such as electroplating and electrochemical machining
In the production of perchloric acid, which is used in the manufacture of other chemicals
As an analytical reagent in chemical analysis
In the production of high-performance batteries
In the treatment of hyperthyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much hormone
As a desiccant, or drying agent, in laboratory settings
In the manufacture of matches and other pyrophoric materials
As a catalyst in some chemical reactions
In the production of chlorates and perchlorates used as herbicides and pesticides
In the manufacture of semiconductors and other electronic components
In the production of explosives and blasting agents
As a flame retardant in plastics and other materials
In the production of tanning agents for leather
In the production of colored glass and ceramics
As a chemical intermediate in the production of other chemicals
In the treatment of wastewater and industrial effluent
As a preservative for wood and other materials
In the production of pigments and dyes
As a stabilizer in the manufacture of certain polymers and plastics
In the production of refrigerants and other chemicals used in air conditioning and refrigeration
In the purification of rare earth metals
In the production of fuel cells
In the formulation of drilling fluids for the oil and gas industry.

Sodium perchlorate is used as an oxidizer in the production of fireworks.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the manufacture of airbag initiators in automobiles.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of other perchlorate compounds, such as ammonium perchlorate.
Sodium perchlorate is used as a laboratory reagent in analytical chemistry.

Sodium perchlorate is used as an electrolyte in electrochemical cells.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of explosives, such as pyrotechnic mixtures.
Sodium perchlorate is used as a drying agent in organic chemistry.

Sodium perchlorate is used as a component in solid rocket fuel.
Sodium perchlorate is used as a bleaching agent in the pulp and paper industry.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of perchloric acid and other perchlorate salts.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the manufacture of metal coatings.

Sodium perchlorate is used as a component in high energy density batteries.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of herbicides and pesticides.
Sodium perchlorate is used as a laboratory reagent in DNA extraction and sequencing.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of pharmaceuticals.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the calibration of analytical instruments.

Sodium perchlorate is used as a stabilizer in some types of explosives.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of rocket propellants.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the manufacture of perchlorate esters, which are used as high energy fuels.
Sodium perchlorate is used as a flame retardant in textiles and plastics.
Sodium perchlorate is used as a reagent in the synthesis of organic compounds.

Sodium perchlorate is used as a cleaning agent in the electronics industry.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of high purity metals.

Sodium perchlorate is used as a salt in the formulation of dental products.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the preparation of specialized analytical reagents.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the manufacturing of perchloric acid, which is used in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other chemicals.
Sodium perchlorate is used as an oxidizer in solid rocket fuel, pyrotechnic compositions, and airbag initiators.

Sodium perchlorate is used as a bleaching agent for textiles and paper.
Sodium perchlorate is used as an electrolyte in some types of batteries.

Sodium perchlorate is used as a reagent in analytical chemistry for the determination of potassium, strontium, and other metals.
Sodium perchlorate is used as a component of explosives and propellants in the defense industry.
Sodium perchlorate is used as a mordant in textile dyeing.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of perchlorate salts such as ammonium perchlorate, which is used in rocket propellants.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the oil and gas industry for enhanced oil recovery.

Sodium perchlorate is used as a de-icing agent for aircraft runways and roads.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the manufacture of safety matches.

Sodium perchlorate is used as an oxidizer in the production of specialty chemicals.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of fireworks and flares.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much hormone.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the electroplating industry as an electrolyte.
Sodium perchlorate is used as a color fixative in the textile industry.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the manufacture of some types of semiconductors and other electronic components.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of herbicides and fungicides.

Sodium perchlorate is used as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling water systems.
Sodium perchlorate is used as a catalyst in some organic reactions.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the manufacturing of safety explosives and pyrotechnic compositions.

Sodium perchlorate is used as a laboratory reagent for a variety of chemical reactions.
Sodium perchlorate is used as a flame retardant in textiles and plastics.

Sodium perchlorate is used as a fuel for high-performance model rockets.
Sodium perchlorate is used in the production of perchlorate esters, which are used as high energy density compounds.

DESCRIPTION

Sodium perchlorate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula NaClO4.
Sodium perchlorate is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water.

Sodium perchlorate is an oxidizing agent and can be hazardous if not handled properly.
Sodium perchlorate has a variety of industrial applications and is also used in laboratory settings.

Some of the key properties and applications of sodium perchlorate include:

Sodium perchlorate has a molecular weight of 122.44 g/mol and a density of 2.52 g/cm³.
Sodium perchlorate is highly soluble in water, with a solubility of 209 g/100 mL at 25°C.

Sodium perchlorate is a strong oxidizing agent and can react violently with combustible materials.
Sodium perchlorate can also cause skin and eye irritation upon contact.

Sodium perchlorate is used in the manufacture of explosives, particularly airbag inflators for automobiles.
Sodium perchlorate is also used in rocket fuel and in the production of other chemicals such as perchloric acid.
In laboratory settings, sodium perchlorate is used as a source of oxygen in chemical reactions and as a drying agent for organic solvents.

Sodium perchlorate can also be used as a herbicide to control the growth of weeds.
In the medical field, sodium perchlorate has been used as a thyroid blocking agent in the event of nuclear accidents or radiation exposure.

Sodium perchlorate is often stored in a cool, dry place away from heat and sources of ignition.
Sodium perchlorate should be handled with care and protective equipment should be worn when working with it.
The EC number for sodium perchlorate is 231-511-9 and the CAS number is 7601-89-0.

PROPERTIES

Chemical formula: NaClO4
Molecular weight: 122.44 g/mol
Appearance: white crystalline solid
Odor: odorless
Density: 2.52 g/cm3
Melting point: 482 °C (900 °F; 755 K)
Boiling point: decomposes
Solubility in water: 209 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility in ethanol: soluble
Solubility in acetone: soluble
Solubility in ammonia: soluble
pH: 5.5-7.5 (1% solution)
Vapor pressure: 0.001 mmHg at 25 °C
Flash point: non-flammable
Explosive limits: 0.24-3.6%
Stability: stable under normal conditions
Reactivity: reacts violently with reducing agents, organic materials, and metals
Hazardous polymerization: will not occur
Corrosivity: non-corrosive
Oxidizing properties: strong oxidizing agent
Toxicity: low acute toxicity, but may cause respiratory and eye irritation
Flammability: non-flammable
Autoignition temperature: not applicable
Hazard identification: can cause fires and explosions in contact with combustible materials

FIRST AID

In case of inhalation:

Move the person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is not breathing, perform artificial respiration.
Seek medical attention immediately.

In case of skin contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation or other symptoms occur.

In case of eye contact:

Rinse eyes with water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open.
Seek medical attention immediately.

In case of ingestion:

Rinse the mouth with water and give plenty of water to drink if the person is conscious.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek medical attention immediately.

It is important to seek immediate medical attention if a significant amount of Sodium perchlorate is ingested, inhaled, or comes into contact with the skin or eyes.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep containers tightly closed and sealed until ready for use.

Keep away from sources of heat, ignition, and combustible materials.
Avoid exposure to moisture or water.

Do not store with reducing agents, organic materials, or flammable liquids.
Do not store near strong acids or bases.

Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and protective clothing when handling.
Avoid inhalation or ingestion of the chemical.
Follow proper labeling and marking of containers.

Use only in a well-ventilated area.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

Wash hands thoroughly after handling the chemical.
Store separately from food, beverages, and pharmaceuticals.

Do not use damaged or leaking containers.
Keep out of reach of children and unauthorized personnel.
Keep a spill kit and appropriate firefighting equipment nearby.

Follow all applicable local, state, and federal regulations for handling and storage of the chemical.
Ensure proper grounding of equipment during transfer or handling.

Use only non-sparking tools and equipment.
Do not smoke, eat, or drink in the storage or handling area.

Store in a dedicated, clearly labeled, and secure area away from other chemicals.
Keep away from sources of ionizing radiation.

Do not store near oxidizers or combustibles.
Store and handle in accordance with Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and other safety information provided by the supplier.

SYNONYMS

Perchloric acid, sodium salt
Perchlorate of soda
Sodium hyperchlorate
NaClO4
UN 1502

Sodium periodate is a strong oxidizing hypervalent iodine compound
Sodium periodate is an inorganic salt, composed of a sodium cation and the periodate anion.

CAS Number: 7790-28-5
EC Number: 232-197-6
MDL number: MFCD00003534
Chemical formula: NaIO4

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Sodium periodate is an inorganic salt, composed of a sodium cation and the periodate anion.
Sodium periodate may also be regarded as the sodium salt of periodic acid.
Sodium periodate contains a periodate.

Like many periodates, Sodium periodate can exist in two different forms: Sodium periodate (formula‍ NaIO4) and sodium orthoperiodate (normally Na2H3IO6, but sometimes the fully reacted salt Na5IO6).
Both salts are useful oxidising agents.

Sodium periodate converts cis-glycol groups in carbohydrates to amine-reactive aldehyde groups.
Carbohydrate groups in glycoproteins are excellent sites for modification or crosslinking reactions because they allow the conjugation reaction to be directed away from amino acids in the polypeptide chain that could be critical for protein activity.

Sodium periodate cleaves bonds between adjacent carbon atoms that contain hydroxyl groups (cis-glycols), creating two aldehyde groups that are spontaneously reactive to amine- and hydrazide-activated labeling, immobilization supports and crosslinking reagents.
Sodium periodate is an inorganic sodium salt having periodate as the counterion.

Sodium periodate has a role as an oxidising agent.
Sodium periodate contains a periodate.
Sodium periodate-inactivated virus is innocuous, elicits a strong humoral response and protects mice from a lethal challenge for a three-week period.

Sodium periodate is an inorganic salt commonly used as an oxidizing agent for various organic substrates and a co-oxidant in a few other oxidation reactions.
Sodium periodate is a strong oxidizing hypervalent iodine compound, able to facilitate a large scope of oxidation transformations in organic synthesis.

Saccharide rings and bonds can be oxidatively cleaved under mild conditions using Sodium periodate.
Sodium periodate is a gentle oxidizing agent that cleaves cis-diols in carbohydrate sugars to create amine-reactive aldehydes, providing many uses relating to the study and detection of glycoproteins.

Sodium periodate converts cis-glycol groups in carbohydrates to amine-reactive aldehyde groups.
Carbohydrate groups in glycoproteins are excellent sites for modification or crosslinking reactions because they allow the conjugation reaction to be directed away from amino acids in the polypeptide chain that could be critical for protein activity.

Sodium periodate cleaves bonds between adjacent carbon atoms that contain hydroxyl groups (cis-glycols), creating two aldehyde groups that are spontaneously reactive to amine- and hydrazide-activated labeling, immobilization supports and crosslinking reagents.
Sodium periodate is a chemical compound that is made up of sodium and periodic acid.

Sodium periodate is a versatile inorganic compound known for its potent oxidative action.
Sodium periodate's chemical properties allow a wide range of applications in various scientific fields.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM PERIODATE:
Sodium periodate can be used in solution to open saccharide rings between vicinal diols leaving two aldehyde groups.
This process is often used in labeling saccharides with fluorescent molecules or other tags such as biotin.
Because the process requires vicinal diols, periodate oxidation is often used to selectively label the 3′-ends of RNA (ribose has vicinal diols) instead of DNA as deoxyribose does not have vicinal diols.

Sodium periodate is used in organic chemistry to cleave diols to produce two aldehydes.
The oxidation of sodium periodate takes place in a water medium, but an organic co-solvent is used for organic substrates that are insoluble in water.
Sodium periodate is an oxidant and can be used as a disinfectant.

Sodium periodate has been shown to react with water molecules to form hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide.
The reaction also produces heat, which may be used for sterilization purposes.
Sodium periodate is commonly used in the production of human immunoglobulin, which is used to treat autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

Sodium periodate has also been shown to have potential as a fluorescence probe for acidic compounds in water vapor.
On the one hand, Sodium periodate is widely used in chemistry as a strong oxidizing agent capable of promoting and catalyzing a wide range of reactions.
In histology, Sodium periodate is used to oxidize hematein to hematoxylin.

This is also known as artificial maturation of the hematoxylin solution.
In this process, the central phenol molecule, hematein, is oxidized by Sodium periodate to produce the nuclear dye hematoxylin.

-Sodium periodate can be used as an oxidizing agent:
*In the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides.
*For the oxidative cleavage of a variety of 1,2-diols to generate aldehydes or ketones.
*In the oxidation of diaryl, dialkyl, and aryl alkyl selenides to the respective selenoxides.
*In the selective alkene epoxidation and alkane hydroxylation reactions.
*In the selective oxidation of activated cellulose to obtain dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) by cleavage of the bond between C 2 – C 3 in the glucose unit.
*Sodium periodate can also be used as an iodinating agent for the iodination of arenes and halo compounds.

FEATURES OF SODIUM PERIODATE:
• Convert sugars in sialic acid and other glycosylation groups to reactive aldehydes
• Immobilize glycoproteins to a hydrazide-activated solid support
• Conjugate antibodies to glycoprotein enzymes, such as horseradish peroxidase
• Probe for cell-surface polysaccharides
• Detect carbohydrate-containing proteins using hydrazide-containing probes

PREPARATION OF SODIUM PERIODATE:
Classically, periodate was most commonly produced in the form of sodium hydrogen periodate (Na3H2IO6).
This is commercially available, but can also be produced by the oxidation of iodates with chlorine and sodium hydroxide.
Or, similarly, from iodides by oxidation with bromine and sodium hydroxide:
NaIO3 sodium iodate + Cl2+4NaOH⟶Na3H2IO6+2NaCl+H2O
NaI+4Br2+10NaOH⟶Na3H2IO6+8NaBr+4H2O

Modern industrial scale production involves the electrochemical oxidation of iodates, on a lead dioxide (PbO2) anode, with the following standard electrode potential:
H5IO6+H+ +2e−⟶IO3− + 3H2O E° = 1.6 V
Sodium periodate can be prepared by the dehydration of sodium hydrogen periodate with nitric acid.
Na3H2IO6+2HNO3⟶NaIO4+2NaNO3+2H2O

STRUCTURE OF SODIUM PERIODATE:
Sodium periodate forms tetragonal crystals (space group I41/a) consisting of slightly distorted IO−4 ions with average I–O bond distances of 1.775 Å; the Na+ ions are surrounded by 8 oxygen atoms at distances of 2.54 and 2.60 Å.
Sodium hydrogen periodate (Na2H3IO6) forms orthorhombic crystals (space group Pnnm).

Iodine and sodium atoms are both surrounded by an octahedral arrangement of 6 oxygen atoms; however the NaO6 octahedron is strongly distorted.
IO6 and NaO6 groups are linked via common vertices and edges.
Powder diffraction indicates that Na5IO6 crystallises in the monoclinic system (space group C2/m).

SODIUM PERIODATE CLEAVES 1,2-DIOLS ("VICINAL" DIOLS) TO ALDEHYDES AND KETONE:
Sodium periodate breaks apart 1,2-diols (“vicinal” diols) to form aldehydes and ketones.
In this respect Sodium periodate’s the same as periodic acid (HIO4) and lead tetra-acetate [Pb(OAc)4].

Notice what’s happening to NaIO4 here – Sodium periodate’s becoming reduced from iodine(VII) to iodine(V).
In the process we’re cleaving a C-C bond and forming two C-O π bonds. Comes in handy sometimes, when you want to break apart an alkene and form aldehydes and ketones.

Cleavage Of Vicinal Diols By Sodium periodate – The Mechanism:
The first step in cleavage of vicinal diols by Sodium periodate is the direct attachment of the alcohols to the iodine.
This occurs through two successive attacks of the iodine by lone pairs on each of the hydroxyl groups followed by a proton transfer.

In the second step, what happens is a kind of reverse cycloaddition (similar to what happens when an ozonide breaks down).
This is a somewhat simplified version of the mechanism (skipping over the proton transfer).
The key part here is the third diagram, where the cyclic iodate ester breaks down to give the ketone and aldehyde.

mechanism-of-naio4-cleavage-of-diols-to-give-carbonyl-compounds:
And there you go: aldehydes or ketones, depending on whether you’re breaking down secondary or tertiary alcohols (primary alcohols become formaldehyde).
So this actually gives you a second way to cleave double bonds to alkenes/ketones besides ozone.

You can take an alkene, treat it with osmium tetroxide (OsO4) first to make the diol, and then Sodium periodate it.
This is, incidentally, sometimes called “Johnson-Lemieux cleavage“.
Obscure organic chemistry named reaction of the day!

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM PERIODATE:
Chemical formula: NaIO4
Molar mass: 213.8918 g/mol
Appearance: white crystals
Density: 3.865 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
3/210 g/cm3
Melting point: 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) (anhydrous)
175 °C (347 °F; 448 K) (trihydrate) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: 91 g/L
Solubility: soluble in acids
Structure:
Crystal structure: tetragonal (anhydrous)
trigonal (trihydrate)
Molecular Weight: 213.892 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 213.87390 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 213.87390 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.3Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 118
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Autoignition Temperature: 262 °C
Boiling Point/Range: No data available
Certification: ACS Reagent
Color: Colorless to Yellowish
Density: 3.86 g/cm3
Flashpoint: Not applicable
Form: Crystalline

Grade: ACS Grade
Incompatible Materials: Combustible material,
Reducing agents, Powdered metals, Strong acids
Lower Explosion Limit: No data available
Melting Point/Range: 270 °C (Decomposes before melting)
Purity Percentage: 99.80
Purity Details: >=99.80%
Solubility in Water: 80-93 g/l (20 °C)
Upper Explosion Limit: No data available
Vapor Pressure: No data available
Viscosity: No data available
pH-Value: No data available
Storage Temperature: Ambient
Physical state: crystalline
Color: white, light yellow
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 300 °C - dec.

Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: 262 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 3,5 - 5,5 at 107 g/l at 25 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: ca.91 g/l at 20 °C at 1.013 hPa -
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
Not applicable for inorganic substances
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 3,87 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: 3,865 at 16 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available

Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: The substance or mixture is classified as oxidizing with the category 1.
Other safety information: No data available
Assay: ≥99.8% 99.8-100.3% dry basis (ACS specification)
form: crystalline powder
reaction suitability reagent type: oxidant
impurities ≤0.02% other halogens (as Cl)
pH 3.5-5.5 (25 °C, 107 g/L)
mp 300 °C (dec.) (lit.)
cation traces Mn: ≤3 ppm
SMILES string [Na+].[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O
InChI 1S/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1
InChI key JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Melting Point: 300.0°C
Color: White
pH: 3.4 to 4.5 (5% soln. at 20°C)
Physical Form: Fine Crystals
Assay Percent Range: 98.5% min. (Iodometry)

Linear Formula: NaIO4
Fieser 01,809; 02,311; 04,373; 05,507; 06,455; 11,492; 13,145; 15,294
Merck Index: 15,8772
Solubility Information Solubility in water: 80g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: 389g/L (52°C), soluble in h2so4, hno3, acetic acids,
insoluble in most common organic solvents
IUPAC Name: sodium;periodate
Formula Weight: 213.89
Percent Purity: 99%
Grade: Analytical
Chemical Name or Material: Sodium periodate
Melting Point: 78-80ºC
Boiling Point: 265.6ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 128.7ºC
Molecular Formula: C2H3NaO3
Molecular Weight: 98.033
Density: 1.416g/cm3

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM PERIODATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM PERIODATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM PERIODATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM PERIODATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM PERIODATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Light sensitive. Hygroscopic.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM PERIODATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
hygroscopic
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

Sodium Periodate has sodium and periodate ions in it.
Sodium Periodate is an inorganic salt, composed of a sodium cation and the periodate anion.

CAS Number: 7790-28-5
EC Number: 232-197-6
MDL number: MFCD00003534
Linear Formula: NaIO4
Molecular Formula: INaO4

SYNONYMS:
sodium periodate, sodium metaperiodate, sodium m-periodate, sodiumperiodate, sodium meta periodate, periodic acid, sodium salt, sodium meta-periodate, periodic acid hio4 , sodium salt, periodate sodium, sodium penodate, Periodicacid (HIO4), sodium salt (8CI,9CI), Sodium periodate (NaIO4) (6CI), Monosodiummetaperiodate, Periodic acid sodium salt, Sodium metaperiodate, Sodiummetaperiodate (NaIO4), Sodium periodate, Sodium metaperiodate, Sodium (meta)periodate, Sodium periodate, 7790-28-5, Sodium metaperiodate, Sodium m-periodate, sodium meta-periodate, sodium;periodate, Sodium (meta)periodate, Periodic acid, sodium salt, Periodic acid (HIO4), sodium salt, MFCD00003534, sodiumperiodate, 98W4A29X43, HSDB 7298, EINECS 232-197-6, sodium penodate, sodium periodat, Periodate sodium, UNII-98W4A29X43, Sodium iodate(VII), sodium(meta)periodate, Sodium meta periodate, NaIO4, sodium (meta) periodate, Na I O4, EC 232-197-6, Sodium periodate, ACS grade, Sodium metaperiodate ACS grade, CHEBI:75226, DTXSID30894075, SODIUM METAPERIODATE [MI], SODIUM M-PERIODATE [HSDB], BCP04945, AKOS005267138, AKOS015950617, BP-21195, DB-231843, NS00082315, Periodic acid (HIO4), sodium salt (1:1), Q281419, Sodium periodate, Sodium Metapriodate, Sodium Metaperiodate, Sodium meta periodate, Sodium (Meta)Periodate, Sodium Tetroxoiodate(Vii), periodicacid(hio4),sodiumsalt, sodiuM Metaperiodate in powder, SODIUM METAPERIODATE FOR ANALYSIS,

Sodium Periodate is a versatile inorganic compound known for its potent oxidative action.
Sodium Periodate's chemical properties allow a wide range of applications in various scientific fields.
Sodium Periodate can refer to two different chemical compounds which are essentially sodium salts of the two varieties of periodate ion.

Sodium metaperiodate (often abbreviated as m-periodate) has the formula NaIO4.
Sodium orthoperiodate (often abbreviated as o-periodate) has the formula Na5IO6.
Both salts are useful in certain synthetic chemistries for the oxidative power of the periodate ion.

Density of Sodium Periodate is 3,865 kg m-3.
Sodium Periodate is soluble in water.
When heated, Sodium Periodate decomposes to form sodium iodate, NaIO3 and oxygen.

This decomposition reaction is catalyzed by the presence of manganese(IV) oxide.
Sodium Periodate is a chemical compound.
Sodium Periodate's chemical formula can be NaIO4 (sodium metaperiodate) or Na5IO6 (sodium orthoiodate).

Sodium Periodate has sodium and periodate ions in it.
Sodium Periodate is an inorganic salt, composed of a sodium cation and the periodate anion.
Sodium Periodate may also be regarded as the sodium salt of periodic acid.

Like many periodates, Sodium Periodate can exist in two different forms: sodium metaperiodate (formula‍ NaIO4) and sodium orthoperiodate (normally Na2H3IO6, but sometimes the fully reacted salt Na5IO6).
Both salts are useful oxidising agents.

Sodium Periodate is an inorganic sodium salt having periodate as the counterion.
Sodium Periodate has a role as an oxidising agent.
Sodium Periodate contains a periodate.

Sodium Periodate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Sodium Periodate is an inorganic salt, composed of a sodium cation and the periodate anion.
Sodium Periodate may also be regarded as the sodium salt of periodic acid.

Sodium Periodate is an inorganic chemical compound, and it is a derivative of sodium periodate.
Sodium Periodate is important as a source of periodic acid, an analytical agent, and an oxidizing agent, which is involved in the oxidation of cellulose.
Furthermore, Sodium Periodate is involved in the cleavage of vicinal diols to prepare two aldehydes.

Sodium Periodate typically occurs in the sodium metaperiodate trihydrate form.
This form of Sodium Periodate can be typically prepared by the dehydration of sodium hydrogen periodate with nitric acid.
In addition, we can do that by dehydrating orthoperiodic acid using a heat treatment to the reaction mixture to 100 Celsius degrees under vacuum conditions.

Sodium Periodate is a chemical compound that is made up of sodium and periodic acid.
Sodium Periodate is an oxidant and can be used as a disinfectant.
Sodium Periodate has been shown to react with water molecules to form hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide.

The reaction also produces heat, which may be used for sterilization purposes.
Sodium Periodate appears as white crystals that are soluble in water.
Sodium Periodate is also soluble in acids.

Typically, Sodium Periodate is prepared in the form of sodium hydrogen periodate that is commercially available.
Moreover, we can produce Sodium Periodate through the oxidation of iodates with chlorine and sodium hydroxide or from iodides through oxidation with bromine and sodium hydroxide.

However, modern industrial preparations include electrochemical oxidation of iodates on a PbO2 anode.
Sodium Periodate is an inorganic compound having the chemical formula NaIO4.
Sodium Periodate is an inorganic salt consisting of a sodium cation and a periodate anion.

We can call Sodium Periodate the sodium salt of periodic acid.
Similar to many other periodates, Sodium Periodate also can exist in different forms, such as sodium metaperiodate form and sodium orthoperiodate form.
Both these types are useful oxidizing agents.

Sodium Periodate is an inorganic salt, composed of a sodium cation and the periodate anion.
Sodium Periodate may also be regarded as the sodium salt of periodic acid.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM PERIODATE:
Sodium Periodate is used in organic chemistry to cleave diols to produce two aldehydes.
Sodium Periodate, with the chemical formula NaIO4, has emerged as a pivotal reagent in diverse realms of scientific research, showcasing its versatile capabilities and broad utility.

One of Sodium Periodate's primary applications lies in its role as an oxidizing agent, particularly in organic synthesis.
Sodium Periodate′s ability to cleave vicinal diols into corresponding aldehydes or ketones has been extensively harnessed in the preparation of various chemical intermediates and complex molecules.

Furthermore, its selective oxidation properties have found utility in carbohydrate chemistry, where Sodium Periodate serves as a valuable tool for the functionalization and modification of polysaccharides and glycoproteins.
Recent research efforts have also explored Sodium Periodate's application in the field of materials science, with studies focusing on its use in the synthesis of nanostructured materials and functionalized surfaces.

Additionally, Sodium Periodate has been investigated for its role in analytical chemistry, particularly in the development of novel detection methods for various analytes.
Its compatibility with a wide range of substrates and its relatively mild reaction conditions render Sodium Periodate a versatile reagent for diverse research applications spanning organic synthesis, carbohydrate chemistry, materials science, and analytical chemistry.

Sodium periodate can oxidize cellulose.
Sodium Periodate is also used as a biodegradable chemical in the human body.
Sodium Periodate is also used in organic chemistry reactions.

Sodium Periodate is used to oxidize cellulose and create a biocompatible and biodegradable compound that can be used as suture, as a scaffold for tissue engineering, or for drug delivery.
Sodium Periodate can be used in solution to open saccharide rings between vicinal diols leaving two aldehyde groups.

This process is often used in labeling saccharides with fluorescent molecules or other tags such as biotin.
Because the process requires vicinal diols, periodate oxidation is often used to selectively label RNA (ribose has vicinal diols) instead of DNA deoxyribose does not have vicinal diols.

On the one hand, Sodium Periodate is widely used in chemistry as a strong oxidizing agent capable of promoting and catalyzing a wide range of reactions.
In histology, Sodium Periodate is used to oxidize hematein to hematoxylin.
This is also known as artificial maturation of the hematoxylin solution.

In this process, the central phenol molecule, hematein, is oxidized by Sodium Periodate to produce the nuclear dye hematoxylin.
Other applications are found in electrochemistry and materials science, where Sodium Periodate is used in the synthesis and modification of materials.
The wide range of applications that Sodium Periodate offers makes it an indispensable laboratory chemical in many scientific disciplines.

Sodium Periodate is used to oxidize cellulose and create a biocompatible and biodegradable compound that can be used as suture, as a scaffold for tissue engineering, or for drug delivery.
Sodium Periodate can be used in solution to open saccharide rings between vicinal diols leaving two aldehyde groups.

This process is often used in labeling saccharides with fluorescent molecules or other tags such as biotin.
Because the process requires vicinal diols, periodate oxidation is often used to selectively label RNA (ribose has vicinal diols) instead of DNA deoxyribose does not have vicinal diols.

Sodium Periodate is used as pharmaceutical intermediates and health products
Sodium Periodate is a mild oxidant that is routinely used for the conversion of cis-glycol groups in carbohydrates to reactive aldehdye groups.
The reactive aldehyde groups are used in chemical conjugation procedures or detection of carbohydrates.

For proteomic research, sodium m-periodate is used for the oxidation of the carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins and offers the advantage of modifying the sugar side chains as opposed to critical amino acids.
Sodium Periodate is commonly used in the production of human immunoglobulin, which is used to treat autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

Sodium Periodate has also been shown to have potential as a fluorescence probe for acidic compounds in water vapor.
Sodium Periodate is used strong oxidizer and major component of the Ruthenium (IV) Oxide staining kit.
Sodium Periodate is also used in procedures for the elucidation of glycoproteins.

Sodium Periodate has important applications in the life sciences sector and the screen printing industry.
In the life sciences sector, Sodium Periodate’s ability to perform the classical “periodate 1, 2 diol cleavage” reaction with fine chemical intermediates that have adjacent hydroxyl groups is critical because the oxidation is specific; forming carbonyl compounds in high yields.

This reaction is particularly important in forming dialdehyde functions for “working up” into pharmaceutical intermediates or for attaching functionalised polysaccharides to suitable substrates.
In addition the selective oxidation powers of Sodium Periodate make it the ideal reagent for the reclamation of silk screens in the printing industry.

The non-image portions of a design are normally blocked with a cured emulsion of gelatine or polyvinyl alcohol that is chemically resistant.
Sodium Periodate selectively decomposes the cured emulsion so that it can be removed from the delicate and expensive silk screen, which can then be reused.

-Sodium Periodate can be used in solution to open saccharide rings between vicinal diols leaving two aldehyde groups.
This process is often used in labeling saccharides with fluorescent molecules or other tags such as biotin.
Because the process requires vicinal diols, periodate oxidation is often used to selectively label the 3′-ends of RNA (ribose has vicinal diols) instead of DNA as deoxyribose does not have vicinal diols.

PROPERTIES OF SODIUM PERIODATE:
Sodium Periodate is a colorless solid.
Sodium Periodate reacts with acids to make periodic acid.
Sodium Periodate breaks down when heated to make sodium iodate and oxygen gas.
Sodium Periodate is a strong oxidizing agent.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM PERIODATE:
*colorless tetragonal crystal or white crystalline powder.
*relative density 4.174
*solubility soluble in water, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and acetic acid, *insoluble in alcohol.

PREPARATION OF SODIUM PERIODATE:
Classically, periodate was most commonly produced in the form of sodium hydrogen periodate (Na3H2IO6).
This is commercially available, but can also be produced by the oxidation of iodates with chlorine and sodium hydroxide.
Or, similarly, from iodides by oxidation with bromine and sodium hydroxide:

NaIO3 sodium iodate+Cl2+4NaOH⟶Na3H2IO6+2NaCl+H2O
NaI+4Br2+10NaOH⟶Na3H2IO6+8NaBr+4H2O

Modern industrial scale production involves the electrochemical oxidation of iodates, on a lead dioxide (PbO2) anode, with the following standard electrode potential:
H5IO6+H++2e−⟶IO3−+3H2O

Sodium Periodate can be prepared by the dehydration of sodium hydrogen periodate with nitric acid.
Na3H2IO6+2HNO3⟶NaIO4+2NaNO3+2H2O
Sodium Periodate can be made by oxidation of sodium iodide with sodium hypochlorite in a nitric acid solution.

STRUCTURE OF SODIUM PERIODATE:
Sodium Periodate forms tetragonal crystals (space group I41/a) consisting of slightly distorted IO−4 ions with average I–O bond distances of 1.775 Å; the Na+ ions are surrounded by 8 oxygen atoms at distances of 2.54 and 2.60 Å.

Sodium hydrogen periodate (Na2H3IO6) forms orthorhombic crystals (space group Pnnm).
Iodine and sodium atoms are both surrounded by an octahedral arrangement of 6 oxygen atoms; however the NaO6 octahedron is strongly distorted.

IO6 and NaO6 groups are linked via common vertices and edges.
Powder diffraction indicates that Na5IO6 crystallises in the monoclinic system (space group C2/m).

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SODIUM PERIODATE AND SODIUM METAPERIODATE?
What is the Difference Between Sodium Periodate and Sodium Metaperiodate
The key difference between sodium periodate and sodium metaperiodate is that sodium periodate is a hypovalent compound, whereas sodium metaperiodate is a hypervalent compound.

Sodium periodate is an inorganic compound having the chemical formula NaIO4.
It is a hypovalent compound, which means it has a central atom having less than eight electrons in the valence electron shell.

Sodium metaperiodate is an inorganic chemical compound, and it is a derivative of sodium periodate.
It is a hypervalent molecule, which means it has one or more main group elements having more than eight electrons in its valence shells.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM PERIODATE:
Chemical formula: NaIO4
Molar mass: 213.8918 g/mol
Appearance: white crystals
Density: 3.865 g/cm3 (anhydrous), 3/210 g/cm3
Melting point:
300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) (anhydrous)
175 °C (347 °F; 448 K) (trihydrate, decomposes)
Solubility in water: 91 g/L
Solubility: soluble in acids
Structure:
Crystal structure: tetragonal (anhydrous), trigonal (trihydrate)
CAS Number: 7790-28-5

EC Number: 232-197-6
Molecular Weight: 213.892 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 213.87390 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 213.87390 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.3 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 118
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Grade: ACS, Reag. Ph Eur
Hill Formula: INaO₄
HS Code: 2829 90 40
pH value: 3.5 - 5.5 (107 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Bulk density: 2900 kg/m3
Solubility: 91 g/l

Appearance: Crystalline
Physical State: Solid
Solubility: Soluble in water (144 mg/ml at 25°C), sulfuric, nitric, and acetic acids.
Storage: Store at room temperature
Melting Point: 300 °C (dec.)
Density: 3.86 g/cm3
CAS NO: 7790-28-5
MDL NO: MFCD00003534
APPEARANCE: White crystalline powder
MELTING POINT: 300 °C (dec.) (Approx.)
STORAGE TEMP: Store at RT
Melting Point: 300°C

Color: White
pH: 3.4 to 4.5
Formula Weight: 213.89 g/mol
CAS: 7790-28-5
EINECS: 232-197-6
InChI: InChI=1/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1
Molecular Formula: H2INaO4
Molar Mass: 215.91
Density: 3.865
Melting Point: 300 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling Point: 300°C
Water Solubility: 80 g/L (20 ºC)
Solubility: H2O: 0.5M at 20°C, clear, colorless

Vapor Pressure: 0Pa at 20°C
Appearance: Solid
Specific Gravity: 4.174
Color: White to almost white
Odor: Odorless
Merck: 14,8640
pH: 3.5-5.5 (25°C, 0.5M in H2O)
Storage Condition: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
Stability: Stable.
IUPAC: SODIUMPERIODATE
CAS Number: 7790-28-5
Molecular Weight: 213.89 g/mol
Formula: INaO4
SMILES: [Na+].[O-]I(=O)=O

Preferred IUPAC Name: SODIUM PERIODATE
InChIKey: InChIKey=JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Appearance (Colour): White
Appearance (Form): Crystalline powder
Solubility (Turbidity) 10% aq. solution: Clear
Solubility (Colour) 10% aq. solution: Colourless
Assay (Iodometric): min. 99.5%
pH (5% aq. solution): 4.0 - 4.5
Loss on drying: max. 0.025%
Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate Chloride (Cl): max. 0.01%
Sulphate (SO4): max. 0.01%

Acidity blank for determination of glycerol: max. 0.2ml N%
Iodide (I): max. 0.001%
Manganese (Mn): max. 0.0003%
Calcium (Ca): max. 0.002%
Magnesium (Mg): max. 0.002%
Potassium (K): max. 0.005%
Melting Point: 300 °C
Density: 3.865 g/cm3
Exact Mass: 213.873901
Monoisotopic Mass: 213.873901
Linear Formula: NaIO4
MDL Number: MFCD00003534
EC Number: 232-197-6

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM PERIODATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM PERIODATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM PERIODATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM PERIODATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM PERIODATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM PERIODATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

SYNONYMS Peroxydisulfuric acid, disodium salt; disodium peroxodisulfate; Sodium peroxydisulfate; CAS NO. 7775-27-1

DESCRIPTION:
Sodium peroxodisulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2S2O8.
Sodium peroxodisulfate is the sodium salt of peroxydisulfuric acid, H2S2O8, an oxidizing agent.
Sodium peroxodisulfate is a white solid that dissolves in water and Sodium peroxodisulfate is almost non-hygroscopic and has good shelf-life.

CAS Number: 7775-27-1
EC Number: 231-892-1
Molecular Formula: Na2S2O8
IUPAC Name: disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate
SODIUM PEROXODISULFATE= SODIUM PERSULFATE

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM PEROXODISULFATE:
Chemical formula: Na2S2O8
Molar mass: 238.10 g/mol
Appearance: White powder
Density: 2.601 g/cm3[1]
Melting point: 180 °C (356 °F; 453 K) decomposes
Solubility in water: 55.6 g/100 ml (20 °C)
Molecular Weight: 238.11
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 237.88299787
Monoisotopic Mass: 237.88299787
Topological Polar Surface Area: 150 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 206
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molar Mass: 238.1
Density: 2,4 g/cm3
Melting Point: 100 °C
Water Solubility: 550 g/L (20 ºC)
Solubility: H2O: 1M at20°C, clear, colorless
Vapor Pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Appearance: Solid
Specific Gravity: 2.4
Color: White to yellow
Odor: Odorless
Exposure Limit ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Merck: 14,8656
PH: 3.5-3.8 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Storage Condition: Store at +15°C to +25°C.

PRODUCTION OF SODIUM PEROXODISULFATE:
The salt is prepared by the electrolytic oxidation of sodium bisulfate:
2NaHSO4⟶Na2S2O8+H2 {\displaystyle {\ce {2 NaHSO4 -> Na2S2O8 + H2}}}
Oxidation is conducted at a platinum anode.
In this way about 165,000 tons were produced in 2005.

The standard redox potential of sodium persulfate into hydrogen sulfate is 2.1 V, which is higher than that of hydrogen peroxide (1.8 V) but lower than ozone (2.2 V).
The sulfate radical formed in situ has a standard electrode potential of 2.7 V.

However, there are a few drawbacks in utilizing platinum anodes to produce the salts; the manufacturing process is inefficient due to oxygen evolution and the product could contain contaminants coming from platinum corrosion (mainly due to extremely oxidizing nature of the sulfate radical).
Thus, boron-doped diamond electrodes have been proposed as alternatives to the conventional platinum electrodes.

STRUCTURE OF SODIUM PEROXODISULFATE:
The sodium and potassium salts adopt very similar structures in the solid state, according to X-ray crystallography. In the sodium salt, the O-O distance is 1.476 Å.
The sulfate groups are tetrahedral, with three short S-O distances near 1.44 and one long S-O bond at 1.64 Å.

APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM PEROXODISULFATE:
Sodium peroxodisulfate is mainly used as a radical initiator for emulsion polymerization reactions for styrene based polymers such as Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
Also applicable for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives.

Sodium peroxydisulfate is used as a radical initiator for emulsion polymerization reactions like acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, detergent component, soil conditioner and soil remediation.
Sodium peroxodisulfate is also used for curing of formaldehyde adhesives.
Sodium peroxodisulfate acts as a bleaching agent and in the production of dyestuffs.

Sodium peroxodisulfate finds application in zinc and printed circuit boards and considered to be a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures.
Further, Sodium peroxodisulfate is used in the preparation of diapocynin from apocynin.
Sodium peroxodisulfate plays a role in the conversion of phenols to para-diphenols in alkaline solution and of arylamines to aminophenols.
Sodium peroxodisulfate is actively involved in the Elbs persulfate oxidation and the Boyland-Sims oxidation reactions as an oxidizing agent.

OTHER USES OF SODIUM PEROXODISULFATE:
Sodium peroxodisulfate is a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component.
Sodium peroxodisulfate is a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed circuit boards, and is used for pickling of copper and some other metals.

Sodium peroxodisulfate is also used as a soil conditioner and for soil and groundwater remediation and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc.

Organic chemistry:
Sodium persulfate is a specialized oxidizing agent in chemistry, classically in the Elbs persulfate oxidation and the Boyland–Sims oxidation reactions.
Sodium peroxodisulfate is also used in radical reactions; for example in a synthesis of diapocynin from apocynin where iron(II) sulfate is the radical initiator.

Sodium peroxodisulfate is a strongly oxidizing chemical used as a bleaching and oxidizing agent.
Persulfate oxidation mechanisms are effective in degrading many volatile oxidizing chemicals (VOCs) including chlorinated ethenes (CEs), BTEXs and trichloroethanes.
Sodium peroxodisulfate is used as a promoter for polymerization reactions.
Sodium peroxodisulfate has also been used as a chemical oxidant to treat laboratory slurry reactors for the accumulation of surfactants.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SODIUM PEROXODISULFATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

SYNONYMS OF SODIUM PEROXODISULFATE:
MeSH Entry Terms:
sodium peroxodisulfate
sodium persulfate
Sodium persulfate
7775-27-1
Sodium peroxydisulfate
Sodium peroxodisulfate
Peroxydisulfuric acid, disodium salt
disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate
J49FYF16JE
DSSTox_CID_9698
Disodium peroxodisulphate
DSSTox_RID_78813
DSSTox_GSID_29698
Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), sodium salt (1:2)
sodium persulphate
CAS-7775-27-1
Persulfate de sodium
Persulfate de sodium [French]
Sodium peroxydisulphate
Disodium peroxydisulfate
EINECS 231-892-1
MFCD00003501
UN1505
UNII-J49FYF16JE
Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), disodium salt
sodium peroxidisulfate
ORISTAR SP
Sodium peroxy disulfate
Na2S2O8
EC 231-892-1
SODIUM PERSULFATE [MI]
DTXSID4029698
SODIUM PERSULFATE [INCI]
SODIUM PERSULFATE [VANDF]
Tox21_201326
Tox21_303592
SODIUM PERSULFATE (NA2S2O8)
AKOS025244086
NCGC00257410-01
NCGC00258878-01
Sodium persulfate [UN1505] [Oxidizer]
disodium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide
FT-0698963
Q419438

DESCRIPTION:
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2S2O8.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is the sodium salt of peroxydisulfuric acid, H2S2O8, an oxidizing agent.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is a white solid that dissolves in water.

CAS Number: 7775-27-1
EC Number: 231-892-1
Molecular Formula: Na2S2O8

Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is almost non-hygroscopic and has good shelf-life.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) appears as a white crystalline solid.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is Very irritating to skin and eyes.

Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) May be toxic by skin absorption.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is Used as a bleaching agent.

Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is a strongly oxidizing chemical used as a bleaching and oxidizing agent.
Persulfate oxidation mechanisms are effective in degrading many volatile oxidizing chemicals (VOCs) including chlorinated ethenes (CEs), BTEXs and trichloroethanes.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is used as a promoter for polymerization reactions.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) has also been used as a chemical oxidant to treat laboratory slurry reactors for the accumulation of surfactants.

Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is used as a radical initiator for emulsion polymerization reactions like acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, detergent component, soil conditioner and soil remediation.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is also used for curing of formaldehyde adhesives.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) acts as a bleaching agent and in the production of dyestuffs.

Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) finds application in zinc and printed circuit boards and considered to be a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures.
Further, Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is used in the preparation of diapocynin from apocynin.

Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) plays a role in the conversion of phenols to para-diphenols in alkaline solution and of arylamines to aminophenols.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is actively involved in the Elbs persulfate oxidation and the Boyland-Sims oxidation reactions as an oxidizing agent.

Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is a white crystalline salt that is commonly used as an oxidizing agent in various chemical reactions.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is also known as sodium peroxodisulfate or simply "SPS."
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) has a molecular formula of Na2S2O8 and a molar mass of 238.13 g/mol.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is soluble in water and is commonly used in the production of polymers, detergents, and in various industrial applications.

Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) exists as colorless crystals or a white, crystalline powder.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) has a melting point of 150 °C and is slightly soluble in ethanol and acetone.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is extremely stable at room temperature but can decompose at higher temperatures or when exposed to ultraviolet light to release oxygen gas.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is a strong oxidizing agent and can react with organic compounds to release heat and gases.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SODIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (SODIUM PERSULFATE):
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is produced by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate.
The reaction produces hydrogen gas and persulfate ions, which then form sodium persulfate.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) can also be synthesized through reaction between hydrogen peroxide and sodium metabisulfite.

The resulting solution is then treated with ammonia to obtain pure sodium persulfate.
Characterization of Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) can be performed with several analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron microscopy.
These methods help to determine the crystal structure, composition, and morphology of the compound.

ANALYTICAL METHODS OF SODIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (SODIUM PERSULFATE):
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) can be analyzed using several methods, including chemical analysis, spectrophotometric analysis, and chromatography.
These techniques are used to determine the purity, concentration, and properties of the compound.

BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (SODIUM PERSULFATE):
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is generally considered safe to use in scientific experiments.
However, some studies have suggested that Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) may have harmful effects on aquatic organisms and may cause skin or eye irritation in humans.
More research is needed to understand the potential biological effects of sodium persulfate.

PRODUCTION OF SODIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (SODIUM PERSULFATE):
The salt is prepared by the electrolytic oxidation of sodium bisulfate:
2NaHSO4⟶Na2S2O8+H2
Oxidation is conducted at a platinum anode.
In this way about 165,000 tons were produced in 2005.

The standard redox potential of sodium persulfate into hydrogen sulfate is 2.1 V, which is higher than that of hydrogen peroxide (1.8 V) but lower than ozone (2.2 V).
The sulfate radical formed in situ has a standard electrode potential of 2.7 V.

However, there are a few drawbacks in utilizing platinum anodes to produce the salts; the manufacturing process is inefficient due to oxygen evolution and the product could contain contaminants coming from platinum corrosion (mainly due to extremely oxidizing nature of the sulfate radical).
Thus, boron-doped diamond electrodes have been proposed as alternatives to the conventional platinum electrodes.

STRUCTURE OF SODIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (SODIUM PERSULFATE):
The sodium and potassium salts adopt very similar structures in the solid state, according to X-ray crystallography.
In the sodium salt, the O-O distance is 1.476 Å.
The sulfate groups are tetrahedral, with three short S-O distances near 1.44 and one long S-O bond at 1.64 Å.

PREPARATION METHOD OF SODIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (SODIUM PERSULFATE):
1. The electrolytic oxidation of the aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate is to obtain ammonium persulfate, and then metathesis reaction with sodium hydroxide, after the expulsion of the ammonia by-product, and then concentrated under reduced pressure, crystallization, drying, to obtain sodium sulfate.
(NH4) 2S2O8 + 2NaOH → Na2S2O8 + 2NH3 + 2H2O.
2. Dithionic acid can be prepared by electrolysis of cold sulfuric acid won, which reacts with alkali and then obtain sodium sulfate.
2HSO4--2e → H2S2O8
H2S2O8 + 2NaOH → Na2S2O8 + 2H2O.

APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (SODIUM PERSULFATE):
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate)is mainly used as a radical initiator for emulsion polymerization reactions for styrene based polymers such as Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
Also applicable for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives.
Environmental remediation agents: contaminated soil remediation, water treatment (wastewater purification); Waste gas treatment, oxidative degradation of harmful substances (e.g. mercury).

Polymerization: the initiator of latex or acrylic monomer polymerization solution, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and other products, but also styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene and other colloidal copolymerization initiator.

Metal treatment: cleaning and pickling of metal surfaces (e.g., in semiconductor manufacturing: cleaning and etching of printed circuits). Activation of copper and aluminum surfaces.
Used to speed up the processing of low concentration formalin adhesive.
A modifier used in the production of starch and used as a desorption agent in the production of adhesives and coatings

Cosmetics: essential ingredient in bleaching formulations.

Textiles: Depulsing agents and bleaches - especially for low temperature bleaching.

Hair dye: It is one of the basic components of hair dye and plays a decolorizing role.

Others: chemical synthesis; Disinfectant; Water treatment, purification and disinfection; Waste gas treatment; Oxidative degradation of hazardous substances (e.g. mercury); Paper (low temperature bleaching especially in pulping); Water-reducing agent for mixing suspected soil; In petroleum exploitation, used for fracturing fluid of oil well broken glue agent.

OTHER USES OF SODIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (SODIUM PERSULFATE):
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate)is a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed circuit boards, and is used for pickling of copper and some other metals.

Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is also used as a soil conditioner and for soil and groundwater remediation and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc.

Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is used as a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed circuit boards, and is used for pickling of copper and some other metals.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is a source of free radicals, making it useful as an initiator for e.g. emulsion polymerization reactions and for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives.

Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is also used as a soil conditioner and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc.
For waste processing in the photographic industry, used as a soft metal surface corrosion agents of the printed circuit board and textile desizing agents, sulfur dyes colorformer.

Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is used as a radical initiator for emulsion polymerization reactions like acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, detergent component, soil conditioner and soil remediation. It is also used for curing of formaldehyde adhesives.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) acts as a bleaching agent and in the production of dyestuffs.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) finds application in zinc and printed circuit boards and considered to be a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures.

Further, Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is used in the preparation of diapocynin from apocynin.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) plays a role in the conversion of phenols to para-diphenols in alkaline solution and of arylamines to aminophenols.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is actively involved in the Elbs persulfate oxidation and the Boyland-Sims oxidation reactions as an oxidizing agent.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is a specialized oxidizing agent in chemistry, classically in the Elbs persulfate oxidation and the Boyland–Sims oxidation reactions.
Sodium Peroxydisulfate (Sodium Persulfate) is also used in radical reactions; for example in a synthesis of diapocynin from apocynin where iron(II) sulfate is the radical initiator

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (SODIUM PERSULFATE):
Chemical formula Na2S2O8
Molar mass 238.10 g/mol
Appearance White powder
Density 2.601 g/cm3
Melting point 180 °C (356 °F; 453 K) decomposes
Solubility in water 55.6 g/100 ml (20 °C)
Molecular Weight
238.11 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
8
Rotatable Bond Count
1
Exact Mass
237.88299787 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
237.88299787 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
150Å²
Heavy Atom Count
12
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
206
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
3
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Physical Form Crystalline
Quantity 1 kg
Assay Percent Range 98%
Solubility Information Soluble in water.
Formula Weight 238.1
Density 2.40 g/mL
Chemical Name or Material Sodium peroxydisulfate
CAS Number7775-27-1
Alternate CAS #Deleted CAS: 872981-99-2
Molecular FormulaNa₂O₈S₂
AppearanceWhite to Off-White Solid
Melting Point>300°C
Molecular Weight238.1
Storage-20°C, Hygroscopic
SolubilityWater (Slightly)
StabilityHygroscopic
CategoryResearch Tools; Materials;
Assay (iodometric) ≥ 99.0 %
Identity passes test
Chloride (Cl) ≤ 0.01 %
Heavy metals (as Pb) ≤ 0.003 %
NH₄ (Ammonium) ≤ 0.05 %
Cr (Chromium) ≤ 0.001 %
Cu (Copper) ≤ 0.001 %
Fe (Iron) ≤ 0.0005 %
Mn (Manganese) ≤ 0.0001 %
Pb (Lead) ≤ 0.001 %
Loss on drying (105 °C; 3 hours) ≤ 0.05 %
appearance
white crystal powder
ASSAY [Na2S2O8] ω/ %
≥99.0%
Fe ω/ %
≤0.001%
Mn ω/ %
≤0.0001%
chloride(CL) ω/ %
≤0.005%
AMMONIUM SALT [NH4] ω/ %
≤0.20%
MOISTURE ω/ %
≤0.10%
heavy metal (Pb) ) ω/ %
≤0.001%
ACTIVE OXYGEN
≥6.65%
PH(50g/L solution) ω/ %
3.5~5.5

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SODIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (SODIUM PERSULFATE):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

SYNONYMS OF SODIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (SODIUM PERSULFATE):
sodium peroxodisulfate
sodium persulfate
Sodium persulfate
7775-27-1
Sodium peroxydisulfate
Sodium peroxodisulfate
Peroxydisulfuric acid, disodium salt
disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate
J49FYF16JE
DTXSID4029698
DTXCID009698
Disodium peroxodisulphate
Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), sodium salt (1:2)
sodium persulphate
CAS-7775-27-1
Persulfate de sodium
Persulfate de sodium [French]
Sodium peroxydisulphate
Disodium peroxydisulfate
EINECS 231-892-1
MFCD00003501
UN1505
UNII-J49FYF16JE
Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), disodium salt
sodium peroxidisulfate
ORISTAR SP
Sodium peroxy disulfate
Na2S2O8
EC 231-892-1
SODIUM PERSULFATE [MI]
SODIUM PERSULFATE [INCI]
SODIUM PERSULFATE [VANDF]
CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Tox21_201326
Tox21_303592
SODIUM PERSULFATE (NA2S2O8)
AKOS025244086
NCGC00257410-01
NCGC00258878-01
Sodium persulfate [UN1505] [Oxidizer]
disodium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide
FT-0698963
Q419438
Sodium persulfate [Wiki]
[(Sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxydanide de disodium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
231-892-1 [EINECS]
7775-27-1 [RN]
Dinatrium-[(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Disodium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Disodium peroxodisulphate
J49FYF16JE
MFCD00003501
Persulfate de sodium [French]
SE0525000
Sodium peroxodisulfate
SODIUM PEROXYDISULFATE
DISODIUM PEROXODISULFATE
disodium sulfato sulfate
disodium sulfonatooxy sulfate
disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate
EINECS 231-892-1
Peroxydisulfuric acid, disodium salt
Persulfate de sodium [French]
persulfato de sódio [Portuguese]
Sodium peroxidisulfate
sodium peroxydisulphate
Sodium persulfate [UN1505] [Oxidizer]
Sodium persulfate, Peroxydisulfuric acid disodium salt
Sodium persulphate
sodiumpersulfate
UNII:J49FYF16JE
UNII-J49FYF16JE

DESCRIPTION:
Sodium persulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2S2O8.
Sodium persulfate is the sodium salt of peroxydisulfuric acid, H2S2O8, an oxidizing agent.
Sodium persulfate is a white solid that dissolves in water.

CAS Number: 7775-27-1
EC Number: 231-892-1
Linear Formula: Na2S2O8
Molecular Weight: 238.10

Sodium persulfate is almost non-hygroscopic and has good shelf-life.
Sodium persulfate appears as a white crystalline solid.
Sodium persulfate is Very irritating to skin and eyes.

Sodium persulfate May be toxic by skin absorption.
Sodium persulfate is Used as a bleaching agent.

Sodium Persulfate is a moderately water and acid soluble Sodium source for uses compatible with sulfates.
Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal.

Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble.
Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions.

Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar cells and fuel cells.
Sodium Persulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.

Sodium Persulfate is A white crystalline solid.
Sodium Persulfate is Very irritating to skin and eyes.
Sodium Persulfate May be toxic by skin absorption.
Sodium Persulfate is Used as a bleaching agent.

Persulfate oxidation mechanisms are effective in degrading many volatile oxidizing chemicals (VOCs) including chlorinated ethenes (CEs), BTEXs and trichloroethanes.
Sodium Persulfate is used as a promoter for polymerization reactions.
Sodium persulfate has also been used as a chemical oxidant to treat laboratory slurry reactors for the accumulation of surfactants.

PRODUCTION OF SODIUM PERSULFATE:
The salt is prepared by the electrolytic oxidation of sodium bisulfate:
2NaHSO4⟶Na2S2O8+H2
Oxidation is conducted at a platinum anode.
In this way about 165,000 tons were produced in 2005.

The standard redox potential of sodium persulfate into hydrogen sulfate is 2.1 V, which is higher than that of hydrogen peroxide (1.8 V) but lower than ozone (2.2 V).
The sulfate radical formed in situ has a standard electrode potential of 2.7 V.

However, there are a few drawbacks in utilizing platinum anodes to produce the salts; the manufacturing process is inefficient due to oxygen evolution and the product could contain contaminants coming from platinum corrosion (mainly due to extremely oxidizing nature of the sulfate radical).
Thus, boron-doped diamond electrodes have been proposed as alternatives to the conventional platinum electrodes.

STRUCTURE OF SODIUM PERSULFATE:
The sodium and potassium salts adopt very similar structures in the solid state, according to X-ray crystallography.
In the sodium salt, the O-O distance is 1.476 Å.
The sulfate groups are tetrahedral, with three short S-O distances near 1.44 and one long S-O bond at 1.64 Å.

APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM PERSULFATE:
Sodium persulfate is mainly used as a radical initiator for emulsion polymerization reactions for styrene based polymers such as Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
Also applicable for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives.

OTHER USES OF SODIUM PERSULFATE:
Sodium persulfate is a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component.
Sodium persulfate is a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed circuit boards, and is used for pickling of copper and some other metals.

Sodium persulfate is also used as a soil conditioner and for soil and groundwater remediation and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc.

Organic chemistry:
Sodium persulfate is a specialized oxidizing agent in chemistry, classically in the Elbs persulfate oxidation and the Boyland–Sims oxidation reactions.
Sodium persulfate is also used in radical reactions; for example in a synthesis of diapocynin from apocynin where iron(II) sulfate is the radical initiator.

APPLICATION FIELDS OF SODIUM PERSULFATE:
Sodium persulfate is Initiator for the emulsion or solution polymerization of acrylic monomers, vinyl acetate,vinyl chloride etc. and for theemulsion co-polymerization of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene etc.
Sodium persulfate is Oxidizing agent, used in cleaning and pickling of metal surface, accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives andmodification of starch, production of binders and coating materials.

Sodium persulfate is Desizing agent and bleach activator.
Sodium persulfate is an essential component of bleaching formulations for hair cosmetics.
Sodium persulfate is used in Chemical synthesis.

Sodium persulfate, also known as sodium peroxydisulfate is a white crystal or crystalline powder, odorless, tasteless.
Formula is Na2S2O8, relative molecular mass is 238.13.
Gradual decomposition at room temperature, heating or rapidly decompose in ethanol, decomposition to release oxygen and produce sodium pyrosulfate.

Moisture and platinum black, silver, lead, iron, copper, magnesium, nickel, manganese and other metal ions or their alloys can promote the decomposition, Sodium persulfate decomposes rapidly and emit hydrogen peroxide at high temperature (about 200 ℃).
Sodium persulfate is soluble in water (70.4 when 20 ℃).

Sodium persulfate has strong oxidizing.
There is a strong irritation to the skin, prolonged contacting with the skin can cause allergies, should pay attention to it when operation. Rat oral LD50 is 895mg/kg.
Sodium persulfate should be Sealed storage.
Heat the ammonium persulfate and sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate solution to remove carbon dioxide and ammonia to obtain sodium persulfate in the Laboratory.

Strong oxidants:
With strong oxidizing, Sodium persulfate can be used as an g agent, which can oxidize Cr3 +, Mn2 + and so on to the corresponding compound of high oxidation state, when there is the presence of Ag +, which can promote the oxidation reaction.
Due to its oxidizing properties, Sodium persulfate can be used as a bleaching agent, metal surface treatment agent, chemical reagents, pharmaceutical raw materials, accelerator and initiator of battery and emulsion polymerization.

USES OF SODIUM PERSULFATE:
Sodium persulfate is used as a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component.
Sodium persulfate is a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed circuit boards, and is used for pickling of copper and some other metals.
Sodium persulfate is a source of free radicals, making it useful as an initiator for e.g. emulsion polymerization reactions and for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives.

Sodium persulfate is also used as a soil conditioner and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc.
For waste processing in the photographic industry, used as a soft metal surface corrosion agents of the printed circuit board and textile desizing agents, sulfur dyes colorformer.

PREPARATION METHOD OF SODIUM PERSULFATE:
1. The electrolytic oxidation of the aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate is to obtain ammonium persulfate, and then metathesis reaction with sodium hydroxide, after the expulsion of the ammonia by-product, and then concentrated under reduced pressure, crystallization, drying, to obtain sodium sulfate.
(NH4) 2S2O8 + 2NaOH → Na2S2O8 + 2NH3 + 2H2O.
2. Dithionic acid can be prepared by electrolysis of cold sulfuric acid won, which reacts with alkali and then obtain sodium sulfate.
2HSO4--2e → H2S2O8
H2S2O8 + 2NaOH → Na2S2O8 + 2H2O.

STORAGE OF SODIUM PERSULFATE:
Sodium persulfate is a strong oxidizer and a severe irritant of skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Sodium persulfate is almost non-hygroscopic and has particularly good ability to be stored for long time.
Sodium persulfate is easy and safe to handle.
Sodium persulfate is not combustible, but releases oxygen easily and assists combustion of other materials.

Conditions/ substances to avoid mixing persulfates with are: moisture, heat, flame, ignition sources, shock, friction, reducing agents, organic material, sodium peroxide, aluminum and powdered metals.

Sodium persulfate is Bleaching and oxidizing agent; promoter for emulsion polymerization reactions.
Sodium peroxydisulfate is used as a radical initiator for emulsion polymerization reactions like acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, detergent component, soil conditioner and soil remediation.
Sodium persulfate is also used for curing of formaldehyde adhesives.

Sodium persulfate acts as a bleaching agent and in the production of dyestuffs.
Sodium persulfate finds application in zinc and printed circuit boards and considered to be a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures.

Further, Sodium persulfate is used in the preparation of diapocynin from apocynin.
Sodium persulfate plays a role in the conversion of phenols to para-diphenols in alkaline solution and of arylamines to aminophenols.
Sodium persulfate is actively involved in the Elbs persulfate oxidation and the Boyland-Sims oxidation reactions as an oxidizing agent.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SODIUM PERSULFATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

Air & Water Reactions:
Water soluble.
Decomposes slowly in moist air.

Reactivity Profile:
Sodium persulfate is a strong oxidizing agent.
Reacts with many combustible materials and reducing agents, often vigorously enough to start fires or cause explosions [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p. 855].
Decomposes gradually under ordinary conditions decomposition is promoted by moisture and heat [Merck]. Decomposed by alcohol and silver ions.

Hazard:
By ingestion, strong irritant to tissue.

Health Hazard:
Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

Fire Hazard:
These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire.
Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
May explode from heat or contamination.

Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels).
May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

Flammability and Explosibility:
Nonflammable

Safety Profile:
Poison by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes.
A powerful oxidizer; can cause fires.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx and Na2O

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM PERSULFATE:
Chemical formula Na2S2O8
Molar mass 238.10 g/mol
Appearance White powder
Density 2.601 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 180 °C (356 °F; 453 K) decomposes
Solubility in water 55.6 g/100 ml (20 °C)
Molecular Weight 238.11 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 8
Rotatable Bond Count 1
Exact Mass 237.88299787 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 237.88299787 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
150Å²
Heavy Atom Count 12
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 206
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 3
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes

Melting point 100 °C
Density 2,4 g/cm3
vapor pressure 0Pa at 25℃
storage temp. Store at +15°C to +25°C.
solubility H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form Solid
Specific Gravity 2.4
color White to yellow
Odor Odorless
PH Range 2.5 - 4.0
PH 3.5-3.8 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility 550 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck 14,8656
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability Stability Unstable. Strong oxidizer. Contact with combustible material may cause fire. Incompatible with combustible material, strong reducing agents, strong bases, alcohols, aluminium, magnesium. Protect from moisture.
InChIKey CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP -1 at 20℃

SPECIFICATIONS OF SODIUM PERSULFATE:
Appearance White Crystal
Purity (Na2S2O8) min. %99 (w/w)
Active Oxygen min. %6.65 (w/w)
Acid Content (as H2SO4) max. %0.10 (w/w)
Iron (Fe) max. 5ppm
Heavy Metals (as Pb) max. 5ppm
Color White to Yellow
Physical Form Crystalline Powder and/or Crystals
Quantity 500 g
Assay Percent Range 98+%
Linear Formula Na2S2O8
Fieser 01,1102; 03,267
Merck Index 15, 8787
Formula Weight 238.09
Percent Purity ≥98.0% (Iodometry)
Identification Pass Test

SYNONYMS OF SODIUM PERSULFATE:
sodium peroxodisulfate
sodium persulfate
Sodium persulfate
7775-27-1
Sodium peroxydisulfate
Sodium peroxodisulfate
Peroxydisulfuric acid, disodium salt
disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate
J49FYF16JE
DTXSID4029698
DTXCID009698
Disodium peroxodisulphate
Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), sodium salt (1:2)
sodium persulphate
CAS-7775-27-1
Persulfate de sodium
Persulfate de sodium [French]
Sodium peroxydisulphate
Disodium peroxydisulfate
EINECS 231-892-1
MFCD00003501
UN1505
UNII-J49FYF16JE
Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), disodium salt
sodium peroxidisulfate
ORISTAR SP
Sodium peroxy disulfate
Na2S2O8
EC 231-892-1
SODIUM PERSULFATE [MI]
SODIUM PERSULFATE [INCI]
SODIUM PERSULFATE [VANDF]
Tox21_201326
Tox21_303592
SODIUM PERSULFATE (NA2S2O8)
AKOS025244086
NCGC00257410-01
NCGC00258878-01
Sodium persulfate [UN1505] [Oxidizer]
disodium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide
FT-0698963
Q419438

Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) IUPAC Name disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) InChI InChI=1S/2Na.H2O8S2/c;;1-9(2,3)7-8-10(4,5)6/h;;(H,1,2,3)(H,4,5,6)/q2*+1;/p-2 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) InChI Key CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Canonical SMILES [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+] Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Molecular Formula Na2S2O8 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) CAS 7775-27-1 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Deprecated CAS 872981-99-2 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) European Community (EC) Number 231-892-1 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) ICSC Number 1136 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) RTECS Number SE0525000 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) UN Number 1505 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) UNII J49FYF16JE Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID4029698 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Solubility Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 55.6 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Density 1.1 g/cm³ Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Vapor Density 1.1 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Decomposition 180 °C Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Molecular Weight 238.11 g/mol Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 8 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Rotatable Bond Count 1 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Exact Mass 237.882998 g/mol Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Monoisotopic Mass 237.882998 g/mol Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Topological Polar Surface Area 150 Å² Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Heavy Atom Count 12 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Formal Charge 0 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Complexity 206 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Isotope Atom Count 0 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 3 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Industry Uses: Bleaching agents Intermediates Ion exchange agents Oxidizing/reducing agents Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories Plasticizers Plating agents and surface treating agents Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Consumer Uses: Electrical and electronic products Fuels and related products Metal products not covered elsewhere Paints and coatings Personal care products Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere Water treatment products Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) appears as a white crystalline solid. Very irritating to skin and eyes. May be toxic by skin absorption. Used as a bleaching agent.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) appears as a white crystalline solid. Very irritating to skin and eyes. May be toxic by skin absorption. Used as a bleaching agent.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2S2O8. It is the sodium salt of peroxydisulfuric acid, H2S2O8, an oxidizing agent. It is a white solid that dissolves in water. It is almost non-hygroscopic and has good shelf-life.The standard redox potential of Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) into hydrogen sulfate is 2.1 V, which is higher than that of hydrogen peroxide (1.8 V) but lower than ozone (2.2 V).[4] The sulfate radical formed in situ has a standard electrode potential of 2.7 V.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is a specialized oxidizing agent in chemistry, classically in the Elbs persulfate oxidation and the Boyland–Sims oxidation reactions. It is also used in radical reactions; for example in a synthesis of diapocynin from apocynin where iron(II) sulfate is the radical initiator.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is a moderately water and acid soluble Sodium source for uses compatible with sulfates.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is generally immediately available in most volumes. Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is mostly used as a bleaching agent and detergent component. Other uses include battery depolarizers, in the manufacture of dyestuffs, and in emulsion polymerization.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is a strongly oxidizing chemical used as a bleaching and oxidizing agent. Persulfate oxidation mechanisms are effective in degrading many volatile oxidizing chemicals (VOCs) including chlorinated ethenes (CEs), BTEXs and trichloroethanes. The compound is used as a promoter for polymerization reactions. Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) has also been used as a chemical oxidant to treat laboratory slurry reactors for the accumulation of surfactants.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is an inorganic chemical compound which appears as a white solid salt.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is the most used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and printed circuit boards.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) , also known as sodium peroxydisulfate is a white crystal or crystalline powder, odorless, tasteless. Formula is Na2S2O8, relative molecular mass is 238.13. Gradual decomposition at room temperature, heating or rapidly decompose in ethanol, decomposition to release oxygen and produce sodium pyrosulfate. Moisture and platinum black, silver, lead, iron, copper, magnesium, nickel, manganese and other metal ions or their alloys can promote the decomposition, it decomposes rapidly and emit hydrogen peroxide at high temperature (about 200 ℃). It is soluble in water (70.4 when 20 ℃).Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) has strong oxidizing. There is a strong irritation to the skin, prolonged contacting with the skin can cause allergies, should pay attention to it when operation. Rat oral LD50 is 895mg/kg. It should be Sealed storage. heat the ammonium persulfate and sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate solution to remove carbon dioxide and ammonia to obtain Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) in the Laboratory.With strong oxidizing, Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) can be used as an g agent, which can oxidize Cr3 +, Mn2 + and so on to the corresponding compound of high oxidation state, when there is the presence of Ag +, which can promote the oxidation reaction. Due to its oxidizing properties, it can be used as a bleaching agent, metal surface treatment agent, chemical reagents, pharmaceutical raw materials, accelerator and initiator of battery and emulsion polymerization.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is used as a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component. It is a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed circuit boards, and is used for pickling of copper and some other metals. It is a source of free radicals, making it useful as an initiator for e.g. emulsion polymerization reactions and for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives. Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is also used as a soil conditioner and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is a strong oxidizer and a severe irritant of skin, eyes, and respiratory system. It is almost non-hygroscopic and has particularly good ability to be stored for long time. It is easy and safe to handle. It is not combustible, but releases oxygen easily and assists combustion of other materials.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is a strong oxidizing agent. Reacts with many combustible materials and reducing agents, often vigorously enough to start fires or cause explosions. Decomposes gradually under ordinary conditions decomposition is promoted by moisture and heat. Decomposed by alcohol and silver ions.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is an oxidizing persulfate salt that is used as a detergent component, as an etchant in printed circuit boards, and as a radical initiator in polymerization reactions of styrene based monomers. Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) also has some application as a standalone bleach in cosmetics, particularly for hair.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is incompatible with acids, alkalis, halides, combustible materials, most metals and heavy metals, oxidizable materials, other oxidizers, reducing agents, cleaners, and organic or carbon containing compounds. Please see SDS for full safety and compatibility information.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is available in 55 pound bags. Contact us or ask your representative for further information.This is done by studying furfural’s interactions with Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) , which is added to hydraulic fracturing fluids as an oxidizing breaking agent. Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is also used as a powerful disinfectant for the treatment of groundwater contamination.Once activated, Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) reacts to form sulfate radicals.The goal of this research is to determine the efficiency and optimal conditions necessary for employing Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) as a treatment option for furfural contamination and the identification of reaction byproducts.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2S2O8.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Market Segmentation by Types:Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Powder,Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Particles.Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Keep victim calm and warm.Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control. LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Following product recovery, flush area with water.Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma. May cause a general allergic reaction, such as urticaria or shock.Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.SODIUM PERSULFATE is a strong oxidizing agent. Reacts with many combustible materials and reducing agents, often vigorously enough to start fires or cause explosions [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p. 855]. Decomposes gradually under ordinary conditions decomposition is promoted by moisture and heat [Merck]. Decomposed by alcohol and silver ions . Sodium persulfate has strong oxidizing. There is a strong irritation to the skin, prolonged contacting with the skin can cause allergies, should pay attention to it when operation. Rat oral LD50 is 895mg/kg. It should be Sealed storage. heat the ammonium persulfate and sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate solution to remove carbon dioxide and ammonia to obtain sodium persulfate in the Laboratory. Strong oxidants With strong oxidizing, Sodium persulfate can be used as an g agent, which can oxidize Cr3 +, Mn2 + and so on to the corresponding compound of high oxidation state, when there is the presence of Ag +, which can promote the oxidation reaction. Due to its oxidizing properties, it can be used as a bleaching agent, metal surface treatment agent, chemical reagents, pharmaceutical raw materials, accelerator and initiator of battery and emulsion polymerization. Uses Sodium persulfate is used as a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component. It is a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed circuit boards, and is used for pickling of copper and some other metals. It is a source of free radicals, making it useful as an initiator for e.g. emulsion polymerization reactions and for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives. Sodium persulfate is also used as a soil conditioner and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc. For waste processing in the photographic industry, used as a soft metal surface corrosion agents of the printed circuit board and textile desizing agents, sulfur dyes colorformer. Preparation method 1. The electrolytic oxidation of the aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate is to obtain ammonium persulfate, and then metathesis reaction with sodium hydroxide, after the expulsion of the ammonia by-product, and then concentrated under reduced pressure, crystallization, drying, to obtain sodium sulfate. (NH4) 2S2O8 + 2NaOH → Na2S2O8 + 2NH3 + 2H2O. 2. Dithionic acid can be prepared by electrolysis of cold sulfuric acid won, which reacts with alkali and then obtain sodium sulfate. 2HSO4--2e → H2S2O8 H2S2O8 + 2NaOH → Na2S2O8 + 2H2O. storage Sodium persulfate is a strong oxidizer and a severe irritant of skin, eyes, and respiratory system. It is almost non-hygroscopic and has particularly good ability to be stored for long time. It is easy and safe to handle. It is not combustible, but releases oxygen easily and assists combustion of other materials. Conditions/ substances to avoid mixing persulfates with are: moisture, heat, flame, ignition sources, shock, friction, reducing agents, organic material, sodium peroxide, aluminum and powdered metals. Chemical Properties White, crystalline powder. Soluble in water; decomposed by alcohol; decomposes in moist air. Uses Bleaching and oxidizing agent; promoter for emulsion polymerization reactions. General Description A white crystalline solid. Very irritating to skin and eyes. May be toxic by skin absorption. Used as a bleaching agent. Air & Water Reactions Water soluble. Decomposes slowly in moist air. Reactivity Profile Sodium persulfate is a strong oxidizing agent. Reacts with many combustible materials and reducing agents, often vigorously enough to start fires or cause explosions [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p. 855]. Decomposes gradually under ordinary conditions decomposition is promoted by moisture and heat [Merck]. Decomposed by alcohol and silver ions [Merck]. Hazard By ingestion, strong irritant to tissue. Health Hazard Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. Fire Hazard These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. Safety Profile Poison by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. A powerful oxidizer; can cause fires. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx and Na2O. See also SULFATES. Sodium persulfate Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Ammonium persulfate Sodium hydroxide Preparation Products 2-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid Maleic acid-allyl alcohol copolymer Physical and Chemical Properties Sodium persulfate, also known as sodium peroxydisulfate is a white crystal or crystalline powder, odorless, tasteless. Formula is Na2S2O8, relative molecular mass is 238.13. Gradual decomposition at room temperature, heating or rapidly decompose in ethanol, decomposition to release oxygen and produce sodium pyrosulfate. Moisture and platinum black, silver, lead, iron, copper, magnesium, nickel, manganese and other metal ions or their alloys can promote the decomposition, it decomposes rapidly and emit hydrogen peroxide at high temperature (about 200 ℃). It is soluble in water (70.4 when 20 ℃). Sodium Persulfate is a moderately water and acid soluble Sodium source for uses compatible with sulfates. Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal. Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar cells and fuel cells. Sodium Persulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. We also produce Sodium Sulfate Solution. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. Sodium Persulfate is a moderately water and acid soluble Sodium source for uses compatible with sulfates.Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal. Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar energy materials and fuel cells. Sodium Persulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. We also produce Sodium Sulfate Solution. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Sodium Persulfate is a good replacement for Ammonium Persulfate for its compatibility with etch resist pens. Sodium Persulfate will not remove etch resist ink and like Ammonium Persulfate crystals, are used as an alternative to the traditional ferric chloride to produce a cleaner copper etchant solution. Mixed product must be stored in a vertical container.Stored liquid dairy manure is a hotspot for methane (CH4) emission, thus effective mitigation strategies are required. We assessed sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for impacts on the abundance of microbial communities and CH4 production in liquid dairy manure. Liquid dairy manure treated with different rates (1, 3, 6, and 9 g or mL L−1 slurry) of these chemicals or their combinations were incubated under anoxic conditions at 22.5 ± 1.3°C for 120 d. Untreated and sodium 2‐bromoethanesulfonate (BES)‐treated manures were included as negative and positive controls, respectively, whereas sulfuric acid (H2SO4)‐treated manure was used as a reference. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the abundances of bacteria and methanogens on Days 0, 60, and 120. Headspace CH4/CO2 ratios were used as a proxy to determine CH4 production. Unlike bacterial abundance, methanogen abundance and CH4/CO2 ratios varied with treatments. Addition of 1 to 9 g L−1 slurry of Na2S2O8 and KMnO4 reduced methanogen abundance (up to ∼28%) and peak CH4/CO2 ratios (up to 92‐fold). Except at the lowest rate, chemical combinations also reduced the abundance of methanogens (up to ∼17%) and CH4/CO2 ratios (up to ninefold), although no impacts were observed when 3% NaOCl was used alone. With slurry acidification, the ratios reduced up to twofold, whereas methanogen abundance was unaffected. Results suggest that Na2S2O8 and KMnO4 may offer alternative options to reduce CH4 emission from stored liquid dairy manure, but this warrants further assessment at larger scales for environmental impacts and characteristics of the treated manure.Sodium persulfate is an inorganic chemical compound which appears as a white solid salt. This oxidizing agent dissolves easily in water and is preserves well over time. UBA supplies many chemicals including sodium persulfate to various eastern Canadian and American companies. Their safe chemical distribution methods ensure prompt and secure delivery methods from their facilities to yours.Sodium persulfate supplied by UBA is available in 25kg bags. Automotive, specialty chemical manufacturers and the circuit board and electronics industries use this chemical in their manufacture or maintenance processes.To be more specific, sodium persulfate is the most used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and printed circuit boards. As for the oxidizing properties of this chemical, it can be used in industrial processes or for dyes in the textile industry. Do not hesitate to contact UBA for your sodium persulfate wholesale requirements, even if your industry or application is not enlisted above.Sodium persulfate is a non-flammable, but it can release oxygen and play a role of combustion promoter. During storage, it must be stored in a dry, airtight container to avoid direct sunlight and near heat source. Do not contact with reduced substances such as organic matter and rust, a small amount of metal, in order to cause Sodium persulfate decomposition, explosion. Because damp Sodium persulfate and its aqueous solution have bleached and slightly corrosive effects, avoid direct contact with eyes, skin, and clothing during use.Environmental remediation agents: contaminated soil remediation, water treatment (wastewater purification); Waste gas treatment, oxidative degradation of harmful substances (e.g. mercury).Polymerization: the initiator of latex or acrylic monomer polymerization solution, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and other products, but also styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene and other colloidal copolymerization initiator.Metal treatment: cleaning and pickling of metal surfaces (e.g., in semiconductor manufacturing: cleaning and etching of printed circuits). Activation of copper and aluminum surfaces.Used to speed up the processing of low concentration formalin adhesive.A modifier used in the production of starch and used as a desorption agent in the production of adhesives and coatings.Cosmetics: essential ingredient in bleaching formulations.Textiles: Depulsing agents and bleaches - especially for low temperature bleaching.Hair dye: It is one of the basic components of hair dye and plays a decolorizing role.Others: chemical synthesis; Disinfectant; Water treatment, purification and disinfection; Waste gas treatment; Oxidative degradation of hazardous substances (e.g. mercury); Paper (low temperature bleaching especially in pulping); Water-reducing agent for mixing suspected soil; In petroleum exploitation, used for fracturing fluid of oil well broken glue agent.Danger of sensitization of airways and skin; [MAK] Frequent skin rashes are reported in workers exposed to persulfates (S2O8). Rats inhaling 4-20 mg/m3 of ammonium persulfate 23.5 hours/day for 7 days show signs of lung inflammation and loss of body weight. The TLV is proposed to reduce irritation of skin, throat, and respiratory tract. [ACGIH] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; May cause skin sensitization, dermatitis, and asthma after prolonged contact; [ICSC] An irritant; May cause skin and respiratory sensitization after prolonged contact; [MSDSonline] See "Ammonium persulfate" and "Potassium persulfate."Application: Sodium persulfate is an oxidizing persulfate salt that is used as a detergent component, as an etchant in printed circuit boards, and as a radical initiator in polymerization reactions of styrene based monomers. Sodium persulfate also has some application as a standalone bleach in cosmetics, particularly for hair.Compatibility: Sodium persulfate is incompatible with acids, alkalis, halides, combustible materials, most metals and heavy metals, oxidizable materials, other oxidizers, reducing agents, cleaners, and organic or carbon containing compounds. Please see SDS for full safety and compatibility information.Packaging Options: Sodium persulfate is available in 55 pound bags. Contact us or ask your representative for further information.

SODIUM POLYACRYLATE N° CAS : 9003-04-7 / 25549-84-2 Nom INCI : SODIUM POLYACRYLATE Nom chimique : 2-Propenoic acid, homopolymer, sodium salt Classification : Polymère de synthèse Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent Absorbant : Absorbe l'eau (ou l'huile) sous forme dissoute ou en fines particules Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles Agent de fixation capillaire : Permet de contrôler le style du cheveu Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is a chemical compound derived from petroleum.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is produced by the sulfonation of petroleum-based products, resulting in the formation of sulfonate salts.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is commonly used as a surfactant and emulsifier in various industrial applications.

CAS number: 68608-26-4

APPLICATIONS

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds applications in various industries due to its surfactant, emulsifying, and wetting properties.
Some of its key applications include:

Lubricants and Greases:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used as an additive in lubricating oils and greases to improve their performance, reduce friction, and provide corrosion protection.

Metalworking Fluids:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is employed in metalworking fluids, such as cutting oils and coolants, to enhance their lubricating and anti-rust properties.

Oilfield Chemicals:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is utilized in drilling fluids and completion fluids to aid in the dispersion of solids, prevent sludge formation, and enhance fluid stability.

Emulsion Polymerization:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate serves as an emulsifying agent in the production of latex and synthetic rubber, facilitating the dispersion of polymers in water.

Asphalt and Bitumen Industry:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is added to asphalt and bitumen-based products to improve stability, adhesion, and waterproofing properties.

Textile Industry:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used in textile processing as an emulsifier and wetting agent, assisting in the removal of impurities and facilitating dyeing processes.

Personal Care Products:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate can be found in certain personal care products, including shampoos, soaps, and cleansers, acting as a surfactant, emulsifier, and foaming agent.

Agricultural Industry:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used as an adjuvant in agricultural formulations to enhance the spreading and absorption of pesticides, herbicides, and other agrochemicals.

Concrete Additives:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate can be incorporated into concrete formulations to improve workability, reduce water requirements, and enhance the resistance to water penetration.

Adhesives and Sealants:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants to improve wetting properties and adhesion.

Paints and Coatings:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate can be employed as a wetting agent and dispersant in paint and coating formulations, aiding in the even distribution of pigments and enhancing film formation.

Cleaning Products:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is utilized in various cleaning formulations, such as degreasers and industrial cleaners, due to its ability to emulsify and remove oil and grease.

Printing Inks:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is added to printing ink formulations to enhance ink spreading and reduce viscosity, resulting in improved print quality and color uniformity.

Leather Industry:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used in leather processing as an emulsifier and wetting agent, aiding in the penetration and distribution of chemicals.

Construction Chemicals:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application in construction chemicals, such as grouts and concrete additives, to enhance workability, adhesion, and water resistance.

Fuel Additives:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate can be employed as a fuel additive, enhancing the dispersion of water and contaminants in fuel systems, reducing the formation of deposits, and improving combustion efficiency.

Metal Cleaning and Degreasing:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is utilized in industrial metal cleaning and degreasing processes to emulsify and remove oils, greases, and contaminants from metal surfaces.

Rust and Corrosion Protection:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used in various formulations to provide corrosion protection to metal surfaces and inhibit the formation of rust.

Polymer Processing:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application in polymer processing to improve the flow and dispersion of additives and fillers, ensuring uniform distribution in the final product.

Water Treatment:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate can be utilized in water treatment applications, such as dispersants and scale inhibitors, to control mineral scaling and improve system efficiency.

Drilling Fluids:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used as an additive in drilling fluids for oil and gas exploration to improve fluid stability, aid in cuttings removal, and prevent wellbore instability.

Concrete Release Agents:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used as a release agent in concrete construction to facilitate the removal of formwork and prevent concrete adhesion.

Anti-Foaming Agents:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate can be employed as an anti-foaming agent in various industrial processes where foam formation needs to be controlled or minimized.

Industrial Cleaners:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used in industrial cleaning products and degreasers to effectively remove stubborn dirt, oils, and greases from surfaces.

Cooling Water Treatment:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application in cooling water treatment formulations to prevent scaling, control corrosion, and improve heat transfer efficiency.

Metal Coatings:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is utilized as a component in metal coating formulations to enhance adhesion, wetting, and corrosion resistance.

Metalworking Cleaners:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used in metalworking cleaning formulations to remove oils, greases, and residues from metal surfaces before processing or finishing.

Mold Release Agents:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application as a mold release agent in various molding processes, such as plastic injection molding and rubber molding, to facilitate part release from molds.

Catalysts:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application as a catalyst or catalyst support in certain chemical reactions and processes.

Metal Deactivators:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is employed as a metal deactivator in various formulations to prevent the catalytic degradation of sensitive substances by trace metal ions.

Water-Based Coatings:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is added to water-based coatings to improve stability, wetting, and adhesion to substrates.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is commonly used as an emulsifier and wetting agent in the formulation of lubricants and greases.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application in metalworking fluids to improve lubricity, reduce friction, and provide corrosion protection during machining and metal cutting processes.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is utilized in the oil and gas industry as an additive in drilling fluids to aid in the dispersion of solids and enhance fluid stability.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is added to asphalt and bitumen-based products to improve their stability, adhesion, and resistance to water penetration.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used in the textile industry as an emulsifier and wetting agent for fabric dyeing and processing.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application in the formulation of concrete additives to enhance workability, reduce water requirements, and improve resistance to water penetration.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used as an emulsifying agent in the production of latex and synthetic rubber, facilitating the dispersion of polymers in water.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is employed in the formulation of adhesives and sealants to improve wetting properties and enhance adhesion to various substrates.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is utilized in the printing ink industry as a wetting agent and dispersant, ensuring even distribution of pigments and improving print quality.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application in the construction industry as a component of construction chemicals such as grouts, mortar additives, and waterproofing compounds.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is added to cleaning products, such as degreasers and industrial cleaners, for effective removal of oils, greases, and contaminants from surfaces.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used in the manufacturing of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids, providing lubrication and reducing wear in high-temperature applications.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is employed as an adjuvant in agricultural formulations to improve the spreading and absorption of pesticides and herbicides.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application in the formulation of metal coatings to enhance adhesion, wetting, and corrosion resistance.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used as a release agent in concrete construction to facilitate the removal of formwork and prevent concrete adhesion.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is added to fuel oil formulations as an additive to improve combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and control deposit formation.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is utilized in the formulation of metalworking cleaning products for the removal of oils, greases, and residues from metal surfaces.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application in cooling water treatment formulations to prevent scaling, control corrosion, and improve heat transfer efficiency.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used as a wetting agent and dispersant in water-based coatings to enhance stability, wetting, and adhesion.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is added to household and industrial detergents to improve cleaning efficiency and foaming properties.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application as a textile auxiliary agent for fabric softening, dyeing, and finishing processes.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is utilized as a mold release agent in various molding processes, facilitating the release of molded parts from molds.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is added to construction sealants to improve adhesion, flexibility, and resistance to weathering and UV degradation.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application in industrial disinfectant formulations for cleaning and sanitizing surfaces in various industries.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is employed as a catalyst or catalyst support in certain chemical reactions and processes.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used as a dispersing agent in the production of pigment pastes for paints, inks, and coatings.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application in the formulation of industrial degreasers and solvent-based cleaners for effective removal of oils and greases from machinery and equipment.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is added to metalworking coolants and cutting fluids to improve tool life, reduce heat buildup, and enhance chip evacuation.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is added to metalworking fluids for wire drawing and metal forming processes to reduce friction, improve surface finish, and prevent surface defects.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application in the formulation of household and industrial floor cleaners to effectively remove dirt, grime, and stains from various flooring surfaces.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used as an emulsifier in the formulation of asphalt emulsions for road construction and pavement maintenance.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is employed in the formulation of cutting and grinding fluids for improved machining performance, tool life, and surface finish.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used as an additive in automotive and industrial gear oils to reduce friction, wear, and noise in gear systems.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is employed in the formulation of high-performance industrial coatings for improved adhesion, durability, and chemical resistance.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application in the formulation of ink additives for ballpoint and rollerball pens to improve ink flow, writing smoothness, and drying time.

Due to its surfactant and emulsifying properties, Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application in various industries, including:

Lubricants and Greases:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used as an additive in lubricating oils and greases to improve their performance, reduce friction, and provide corrosion protection.

Metalworking Fluids:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is used in metalworking fluids, such as cutting oils and coolants, to enhance their lubricating and anti-rust properties.

Oilfield Chemicals:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is utilized in drilling fluids and completion fluids to aid in the dispersion of solids and to prevent the buildup of sludge and deposits.

Emulsion Polymerization:
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate can be used as an emulsifying agent in the production of latex and synthetic rubber.

DESCRIPTION

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is a chemical compound derived from petroleum.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is produced by the sulfonation of petroleum-based products, resulting in the formation of sulfonate salts.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is commonly used as a surfactant and emulsifier in various industrial applications.

The chemical formula for Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate can vary depending on the specific composition, but it typically consists of a mixture of alkylbenzenesulfonates with sodium cations (Na+).
The exact composition and properties of Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate can vary depending on the manufacturing process and the specific petroleum feedstocks used.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is a dark brown, viscous liquid or semi-solid material.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is soluble in water and forms stable emulsions when mixed with oils and hydrocarbons.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate possesses surfactant properties, allowing it to reduce surface tension and enhance the mixing of oil and water.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is a dark brown, viscous liquid or semi-solid material.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is derived from petroleum-based products through the sulfonation process.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is a mixture of alkylbenzenesulfonates with sodium cations (Na+).
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate has excellent surfactant properties.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is soluble in water and forms stable emulsions when mixed with oils and hydrocarbons.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate acts as a wetting agent, reducing the surface tension of liquids.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate has the ability to enhance the mixing of oil and water.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is commonly used as an emulsifier in various industrial applications.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is known for its ability to protect against corrosion.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is utilized in emulsion polymerization processes for the production of latex and synthetic rubber.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate finds application in the textile industry as an emulsifier and wetting agent.

Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is an important component of agricultural formulations.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate exhibits good stability and resistance to degradation.
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is a versatile compound with numerous industrial applications, contributing to the performance and functionality of various products and processes.

FIRST AID

Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air and ensure they are in a well-ventilated area.
If the person is experiencing difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical attention.
If breathing has stopped, provide artificial respiration and seek medical assistance.

Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water.
Wash the skin thoroughly with soap and water.
If irritation or redness develops and persists, seek medical advice.
Contaminated clothing should be laundered before reuse.

Eye Contact:

In the event of eye contact, rinse the eyes gently but thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring the eyelids are held open.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide information on the product involved.
Remove contact lenses, if applicable, after rinsing for the initial few minutes.

Ingestion:

If swallowed accidentally and the person is conscious, rinse their mouth with water and give small sips of water to drink.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide information on the product ingested.

General First Aid:

Keep the affected person calm and reassure them.
Do not administer any medication or treatment without professional advice.
Provide the medical personnel with all available information about the product, including the safety data sheet.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate, wear appropriate protective clothing, including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing to minimize skin contact and eye exposure.
Use respiratory protection if there is a risk of inhalation due to the generation of aerosols or dust.

Ventilation:
Ensure good ventilation in the working area to minimize the accumulation of vapors or aerosols.
If necessary, use local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to maintain air quality.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid direct skin contact with Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate.
In case of contact, promptly wash the affected area with water and soap.
Avoid eye contact.
If contact occurs, immediately rinse the eyes with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
In the event of a spill or leak, restrict access to the area and prevent further spreading.
Wear appropriate protective equipment when cleaning up spills and handle with care.
Absorb the spill with inert materials such as sand, vermiculite, or absorbent pads.
Place the absorbed material into appropriate containers for disposal following local regulations.

Handling Precautions:
Follow good industrial hygiene practices, such as washing hands thoroughly after handling Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate is handled.

Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources, open flames, and direct sunlight.
Maintain appropriate temperature conditions to prevent degradation or decomposition.

Container Requirements:
Store Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate in tightly sealed containers made of compatible materials, such as plastic or stainless steel, to prevent leakage or evaporation.

Segregation:
Store Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate away from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizing agents or strong acids.
Follow local regulations and guidelines for proper segregation and storage of chemicals.

Labeling and Identification:
Clearly label containers with the product name, batch number, date of receipt, and any other relevant information.
Ensure proper identification and labeling to prevent confusion and accidental misuse.

Handling of Bulk Quantities:
If handling large quantities of Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate, ensure appropriate storage and handling facilities are in place, including secondary containment measures.

SYNONYMS

Sodium Petrosulfonate
Sodium Petroleum Sulfonate
Petroleum Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt
Petro Sulfonate
Petrosulfonate Sodium
SPS Sodium Salt
Petroleum Sodium Sulfonate
Petrolatum Sodium Sulphonate
Sodium Petro Sulphonate
Petroleum Sodium Sulphonate
Petroleum Sulfonate Sodium Salt
Sodium Salt of Petroleum Sulfonic Acid
Sodium Alkyl Aryl Sulfonate
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonic Acid
Petrosulfonate
Petrochemical Sulphonate Sodium Salt
Sodium Petroleum Sulfate
Petro Sulphonate Sodium
Petroleum Sulphonic Acid Sodium Salt
Sodium Alkylbenzenesulfonate
Sodium Petrol Sulfonate
Sodium Petrol Sulphonate
Petrosulfonate Sodium Salt
Petrochemical Sodium Sulphonate
Sodium Petroleum Sulfonate Solution
Sodium Petrolate Sulfonate
Sodium Petrochemical Sulfonate
Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate Salt
Sodium Petrosulphonate Solution
Sodium Petrosulfate
Sodium Petrosulphonate Salt
Sodium Petro Sulfate
Sodium Petro Sulphonate Solution
Sodium Petrosulfonate Salt
Petro Sodium Sulfonate
Petrochemical Sodium Petrosulfonate
Sodium Petroleum Sulfonate Liquid
Petro Sodium Sulphonate Solution
Sodium Petrol Sulfonate Salt
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate Concentrate
Petrochemical Sodium Petro Sulfonate
Sodium Alkyl Aryl Sulfate
Sodium Petrochemical Sulphonic Acid Salt
Sodium Petrosulphonate Liquid
Sodium Petrolate Sulphonate Salt
Sodium Petrochemical Sulfonic Acid Salt
Petro Sodium Petrosulfonate
Sodium Petro Sulphonate Liquid
Sodium Petroleum Sulfonic Acid Salt
Sodium Petrochemical Sulphonate
Sodium Petroleum Sulphate
Sodium Petrosulphate
Petro Sodium Sulphonate
Petrochemical Sodium Sulphonic Acid Salt
Sodium Petrol Sulphonate Salt
Sodium Petrochemical Sulfate
Sodium Petro Sulphate
Sodium Alkyl Aryl Sulfonate Salt
Sodium Petrolate Sulphonic Acid Salt
Petrochemical Sodium Petrosulphonate
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate Emulsion
Petro Sodium Sulfate
Sodium Petrochemical Sulphonic Acid Salt
Sodium Petrosulphonate Emulsion
Sodium Petrolate Sulphonate Solution
Petrochemical Sodium Petro Sulphonate
Sodium Alkylbenzenesulphonate Salt
Sodium Petrochemical Sulfonic Acid Solution
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonic Acid Solution
Petro Sodium Petrosulphonate Salt
Sodium Petro Sulphonate Emulsion
Sodium Petroleum Sulphonate Solution
Petrochemical Sodium Sulphate
Sodium Petrosulfonate Emulsion

SODIUM ACRYLATE; 7446-81-3; 2-Propenoic acid, sodium salt; sodium prop-2-enoate; Sodium polyacrylate cas no: 7446-81-3

Sodium Polyacrylate Powder is the sodium salt of polyarylic acid.
As a chemical polymer, Sodium Polyacrylate Powder has various kinds of application in consumer products.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder is capable of absorbing extremely high amount of water which can reach up to as much as 200 to 300 times its mass.

CAS: 9003-04-7
MF: C3H4O2
MW: 72.06
EINECS: 999-999-2

Synonyms
SODIUM ACRYLATE, 7446-81-3, 2-Propenoic acid, sodium salt, sodium;prop-2-enoate, Sodium 2-propenoate, 9003-04-7, Acrylic acid, sodium salt, UNII-7C98FKB43H, 7C98FKB43H, HSDB 6087, Sodium acrylate(~white), EINECS 231-209-7, sodium prop-2-enoate, DTXSID4027652, EC 231-209-7, 2-Propenoic acid, sodium salt (1:1), MFCD00067207, Acrysol lmw-45N, C3H3NaO2, 25549-84-2, Acrylic acid sodium salt, Sodium acrylate(~yellow), 2-propenoic acid sodium salt, SODIUM ACRYLATE [HSDB], DTXCID207652, CHEMBL3185326, NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M, Tox21_202754, AKOS015914200, NCGC00260301-01, CAS-7446-81-3, FT-0621879, H10710, A865887, J-523991, Q15632837, Sodiumacrylatehemihydrate; Acrylate; Sodium acrylate, (Acrylic acid sodium salt)

Sodium Polyacrylate Powder is used in agriculture industry and is infused in the soil of many plants to maintain the moisture of plant.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder is a commonly used dispersant, also known as 2-sodium acrylate homopolymer, S sodium polyacrylate.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder is colorless or light yellow viscous liquid in room temperature, and non-toxic, alkaline, insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone but easily soluble in water and aqueous sodium hydroxide.
However, for aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, due to the increase of alkaline metal ions, it is first dissolved and then precipitated.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder can work without entrustment under alkaline conditions or being concentrated for several folds with molecular weight of about 500-3000.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder can disperse the microcrystalline or sediment of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate salts into the water without precipitation, and thus achieving the purpose of preventing entrustment.

Besides used as the descaling dispersant in power plants, chemical plants, fertilizer plants, refineries and air conditioning systems, cooling water system, it is also widely used in industries like paper and textile, ceramics, paints, building materials.
When used as a paper coating dispersant, Sodium Polyacrylate Powder has a relative molecular mass in 2000-4000.
When coating concentration is 65% to 70%, Sodium Polyacrylate Powder can still have a good rheology and aging stability.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder in molecular weight from 1000 to 3000 is used as water quality stabilizer as well as scaling control agent of concentrated black liquor.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder with molecular weight higher than 100,000 is used as coatings thickener and water retention agent, which can increase the viscosity of synthetic emulsion such as carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex and acrylate emulsion latex and prevent the water from being separated out as well as maintain the stability of the coating system.

Product of molecular weight of 1 million or more can be used as a flocculant.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder can also be used as super absorbent polymer, soil conditioners, as well as a thickening agent and emulsion dispersant in the food industry.
The molecular structure of sodium polyacrylate molecule is water soluble linear polymers.
Small molecular weight molecule is as liquid with large molecule counterparts shown as solid.
Solid product is shown as a white powder or granules, and is odorless, water-swellable, and soluble in aqueous caustic soda.
Moreover, it is extremely hygroscopic.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder is a polymer compound containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder is slowly soluble in water and form a highly viscous transparent liquid whose 0.5% solution having a viscosity of about 1000cp with the viscosity being not as swelling as CMC and sodium alginate.
But owing to the ion phenomenon of many anionic groups in the molecule makes the molecular chain being longer, increasing the apparent viscosity to form highly viscous solution.

Sodium Polyacrylate Powder has a viscosity which is 15-20 times as high as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and sodium alginate.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder has a high alkali resistance with viscosity changing only little and it is also non-perishable.
Heat treatment, neutral salts, and organic acids have very small effects on its viscosity.
However, Sodium Polyacrylate Powder has increased viscosity upon alkaline condition.
Intense heating to 300 degrees will not cause decomposition of it.
Due to Sodium Polyacrylate Powder property as a kind of electrolyte, it is vulnerable to acids and metal ions which cause the decrease of viscosity.
In case of more than a sufficient amount of divalent metal ions (e.g. aluminum, lead, iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc), it will form insoluble salt which cause intermolecular crosslink and thus gelation and further precipitation.
But Sodium Polyacrylate Powder is still as solution upon a low amount of divalent metal ion, making it be able to be used as detergent additives which play a role in preventing soil re-deposition.

Sodium Polyacrylate Powder, also known as waterlock, is a sodium salt of poly acrylic acid with the chemical formula [-CH2-CH(COONa)-]n and broad application in consumer products.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder has the ability to absorb as much as 200 to 300 times its mass in water.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder is anionic polyelectrolytes with negatively charged carboxylic groups in the main chain.
While sodium neutralized poly acrylic acids are the most common form used in industry, there are also other salts available including potassium, lithium and ammonium.

Sodium Polyacrylate Powder Chemical Properties
Density: 1.32 g/mL at 25 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.43
Storage temp: 2-8°C
Form: powder
Specific Gravity: 1.23
PH Range: 6 - 9
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 0: forms stable aqueous solutions
Stability: Stable, but moisture sensitive.
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H4O2/c1-2-3(4)5/h2H,1H2,(H,4,5)
InChIKey: NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES C(=O)(O)C=C
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium Polyacrylate Powder (9003-04-7)

Uses
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder can be used as a corrosion scale inhibitor, water stabilizer, paint thickener and water retention agent, flocculants, drilling mud treatment agent.
The agent is used for the circulating cooling water treatment for equipment copper material with a excellent scale effect.
At the amount of 100 mg/L, Sodium Polyacrylate Powder can form chelate with the scale-forming ions in water of medium hardness and further flow with water, and can prevent the formation of iron oxide scale.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder can be used as a thickener and stabilizer in butter products, cream, tomato sauce. It can also be used as a dispersing agent in fruit juice, wine and spirits.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder can improve the sense of taste of ice cream, and enhance its stability. It can also be used as surface freezing glue for freezing products and aquatic products, and can also play a role in preservation. It can also alter protein structure and enhance the viscoelasticity of food, and thus further improving the organization.

Thickener.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder has many functions in food as following:
Enhance the adhesion ability to raw flour protein.
Make starch particle to combine with each other and dispersion penetrate into the mesh structure of the protein.
Form dough with a dense texture and being smooth in its glossy surface.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder forms a stable dough colloid for preventing soluble starch exudation.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder has a strong water-holding capacity which can make moisture be uniformly maintained in dough and prevent drying.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder can be used to improve the dough extensibility.
Make the raw material in the oil component be stably dispersed into the dough.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder is used as the electrolyte for protein interactions, change the protein structure, and enhance food viscoelasticity and improve the organization.

Application Example:
Bread, cakes, noodles, macaroni, improve utilization of raw materials, improve the taste and flavor with the amount of 0.05%.
Fish paste-like products, canned food, dried seaweed, etc., to strengthen its organization, to keep fresh flavor, enhanced sense of smell.
Sauce, tomato sauce, mayonnaise, jam, cream, soy sauce, thickeners and stabilizers.
Fruit juice, wine, etc., dispersants.
Ice cream, Kara honey Seoul sugar, improve taste and the stability.
Frozen food, aquatic products, surface jellies (preservation).
Owing to its slow dissolution rate in water; it can be pre-mixed with sugar, powdered starch syrup, emulsifier, etc., to improve the dissolution rate.
Sodium polyacrylate can be used as sugar, salt, beverage clarifying agent (polymer coagulant).
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder can be used as a filtrate reducer in solid drilling industry.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder is a good anion detergent and dispersants which can be combined with other water treatment agent compound used for oil field water, cooling water, boiler water treatment at high pH and at high concentration process without scaling.

Scale inhibitor, builder in detergents, aid in soap and detergent processing and control of water hardness.
Absorbent for aqueous-based spills.
Retention and slow release aid for water.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder is a suspending agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder and other derivatives of polyacrylic acid have a wide variety of commercial and industrial uses that include:
Sequestering agents in detergents. ( By binding hard water elements such as calcium and magnesium, the surfactants in detergents work more efficiently.).

Production methods
Add deionized water and 34 kg of isopropanol chain transfer agent to the kettle separately and heat it to 80~82 °C. Add drop wise 14 kg of ammonium per-sulfate aqueous solution and 170 kg of acrylic monomers. After completion of dropping, perform the reaction for 3 h; cool to 40 °C; add 30% aqueous NaOH solution to a pH value of 8.0 to 9.0 and then have water and isopropanol been distilled to get the final liquid products. Spray dry to give a solid product.
Acrylate or acrylic acid is reacted with sodium hydroxide to get sodium acrylate, remove the alcohol by-produced; concentrate; adjust the pH, and undergo polymerization reaction to get the final product with the catalysis of ammonium per-sulfate.
Acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide is reacted to get sodium acrylate monomer, and then polymerize into sodium polyacrylate with ammonium per-sulfate as the catalyst.
Add sodium polyacrylate (with molecule weight: 1000~3000) to the reaction vessel to obtain 30% aqueous solution.

Purification Methods
Commercial polyacrylamide is first neutralised with an aqueous solution of NaOH, and the polymer is precipitated with acetone.
The precipitate is redissolved in a small amount of water and freeze-dried.
The polymer is then repeatedly washed with EtOH and water to remove traces of low-molecular-weight material, and finally dried in vacuum at 60o .
It has also been dialysed overnight against distilled water, then freeze-dried. Sodium poly( -L-glutamate).
Wash it with acetone, dry it in a vacuum, dissolve it in water and precipitate it with isopropanol at 5o.
Impurities and low-molecular-weight fractions are removed by dialysis of the aqueous solution for 50hours, followed by ultrafiltration

Safety
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder itself does not irritate the skin.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder is made up of large polymers that do not have the ability to infiltrate the skin.
However, sometimes sodium polyacrylate is mixed with acrylic acid which is leftover from the manufacturing process. As a leftover of producing sodium polyacrylate, acrylic acid can cause a rash in contact with skin.
Sodium Polyacrylate Powder should be less than 300 PPM as the absorbent material in paper diapers.
Also, if sodium polyacrylate is being used in a powder form it should not be inhaled.
If spilled in an area with water, sodium polyacrylate could cause the ground to be very slippery.
Finally, sodium polyacrylate can cause severe clogging if it enters sewers or drainage systems in large quantities. Otherwise, sodium polyacrylate is non-toxic and safe from any major risks.
The data on its safety on environment is not adequate, however it is considered non-biodegradable and may cause salinization of soil when added in large quantities.

SODIUM POLYCARBOXYLATE N° CAS : 37199-81-8 Nom INCI : SODIUM POLYCARBOXYLATE Classification : Polymère de synthèse

SODIUM POLYGLUTAMATE N° CAS : 28829-38-1 Nom INCI : SODIUM POLYGLUTAMATE Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

SODIUM POLYITACONATE N° CAS : 26099-89-8 Nom INCI : SODIUM POLYITACONATE Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent de chélation : Réagit et forme des complexes avec des ions métalliques qui pourraient affecter la stabilité et / ou l'apparence des produits cosmétiques

SODIUM POLYNAPHTHALENESULFONATE; N° CAS : 9084-06-4; Nom INCI : SODIUM POLYNAPHTHALENESULFONATE. Ses fonctions (INCI): Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion. Gélifiant : Donne la consistance d'un gel à une préparation liquide. Hydrotrope : Augmente la solubilité d'une substance qui est peu soluble dans l'eau. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation; Noms français : NAPHTHALENESULFONIC ACID, POLYMER WITH FORMALDEHYDE, SODIUM SALT; NAPHTHALENESULFONIC ACID-FORMALDEHYDE CONDENSATE SODIUM SALT; Sel de sodium du copolymère de l'acide naphthalènesulfonique et de la formaldéhyde; Utilisation et sources d'émission; Polymère et fabrication de cosmétiques; Naphthalenesulfonic acid, polymer with formaldehyde, sodium salt. IUPAC names: disodium;5-[(6-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate; Formaldehyde-naphthalenesulfonic acid condensate sodium salt; Formaldehyde-naphthalenesulfonic acid polymer sodium salt; Naphtalenesulfonic acid, polymer with formaldehyde, sodium salt; NAPHTHALENE SULFONIC ACID; Naphthalene sulfonic acid condensation product, Sodium salt; Naphthalenesulfonic acid polymer with formaldehyde sodium salt; naphthalenesulfonic acid, dimethyl-, polymer with formaldehyde and methylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; Napthalene sulphonic acid polymer with formaldehyde sodium salt; Sodium poly[(naphthaleneformaldehyde)sulfonate]; sodium salt of polynaphthalene sulphonic acid. Aromatic sulphonate; Dispers B-868; DISPERSING AGENT: NAPTHALENE SULPHONATE FORMALDE HYDE CONDENSATE . tetrasodium (3Z)-5-amino-4-oxo-6-[4-(2sulfonatooxyethylsulfonyl)phenyl] diazenyl-3-[[4-(2sulfonatooxyethylsulfonyl)phenyl]hydrazinylidene] naphthalene-2,7-disulfonate; Naphthalene sulphonic acid polymer with formaldehyde sodium salt; sodium salt of polymerized naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate; 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 5,5'-methylenebis-, disodium salt; 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 5,5'-methylenebis-, sodium salt (1:2) [ACD/Index Name] ; 5,5'-Méthylènedi(2-naphtalènesulfonate) de disodium [French] ; 9084-06-4 [RN]; Dinatrium-5,5'-methylendi(2-naphthalinsulfonat) [German] ; disodium 5,5'-methanediyldinaphthalene-2-sulfonate Disodium 5,5'-methylenedi(2-naphthalenesulfonate); disodium 5,5'-methylenedinaphthalene-2-sulfonate; [9084-06-4]; DISODIUM 5-[(6-SULFONATONAPHTHALEN-1-YL)METHYL]NAPHTHALENE-2-SULFONATE; MFCD01324675; Sodium poly[(naphthaleneformaldehyde)sulfonate]

Sodium polyitaconate, a natural and biodegradable polymer derived from itaconic acid, offers superior conditioning benefits for both skin and hair, providing gentle and effective formulations without the need for preservatives or additives.
With Sodium polyitaconate's exceptional sensory properties and humidity-resistant style retention, sodium polyitaconate is the ideal choice for creating natural and nude styling products that deliver touchable hold and anti-frizz performance while retaining the hair's natural feel.
Sodium polyitaconate's compatibility with various hair styling ingredients and its ability to enhance viscosity and foam texture make it a versatile choice for formulating gentler hair care, skin care, and liquid soap products that leave skin and hair feeling soft and nourished.

CAS Number: 26099-89-8
Molecular Formula: (C5H4O4Na)n
Molecular Weight (Mw): 8000

Synonyms: butanedioic acid, 2-methylene-, homopolymer, sodium salt, Sodium poly(itaconic acid), Poly(itaconic acid) sodium salt, Sodium polyitaconate, Sodium polyitaconate (salt), Sodium polyitaconate polymer, Sodium polyitaconate resin, Percol®, Catro®, Belsperse®, Belclene®, Sodium itaconate polymer, Sodium poly(itaconate), Polyitaconic acid, sodium salt, Sodium poly(1,3-butadiene-2-carboxylate), Sodium itaconate copolymer, Sodium itaconate homopolymer, Poly(sodium 1,3-butadiene-2-carboxylate), Itaconic acid sodium salt polymer, Sodium salt of poly(itaconic acid), Sodium poly(itaconate) resin, Poly(itaconic acid), sodium salt, Itaconic acid polymer, sodium salt

Sodium polyitaconate is a polymer derived from itaconic acid, where the itaconic acid units are polymerized and then neutralized with sodium ions.
This results in a water-soluble polymer that is used in various applications due to its unique properties.

Sodium polyitaconate, also called Velasoft, is a polyitaconic acid partially neutralized with sodium salt.
Sodium polyitaconate is usually an off-white grainy substance.

Sodium polyitaconate helps stabilize surfactants, allowing for gentler formulations.
Sodium polyitaconate can also be used in shampoos, conditioners, body wash, hand soaps, and other ingredients.
Sodium polyitaconate dissolves in water.

Sodium polyitaconate is a biodegradable ingredient that does not irritate the eyes or skin.
Whole Foods has deemed the ingredient acceptable in Sodium polyitaconate body care product quality standards.

Sodiumpolyitaconate is a polyitaconic acid which is partially neutralised with sodium salt.
Sodium polyitaconate has a raw white colour, is odourless and easily soluble in water.

In addition, Sodium polyitaconate is biodegradable and 100% bio-based.
Sodium polyitaconate, as the ingredient is also known by name, is produced by creating itaconic acid through the fermentation of carbohydrates such as corn.

Sodium polyitaconate helps with the stabilisation of the product, by stabilising the surfactants.
This allows for gentler formulations with conditioning properties.

Ingredients like this are essential because they give the active, nourishing ingredients the right conditions to be effective, while the formulation remains mild and gentle on the skin.

Sodium polyitaconate is used in many different care products, including shampoos and conditioners, body washes, hand soaps and creams, and is very mild on the eyes and skin.
So Sodium polyitaconate doesn't cause stinging eyes or irritated skin.

Sodium polyitaconate is even so mild that Sodium polyitaconate is accepted for use in the food industry.

Sodium polyitaconate is neither allergenic nor endocrine disrupting, nor is Sodium polyitaconate suspected to be.
The allergenicity of the ingredient means that both children and adults can use products with sodium polyitaconate without worrying about having allergic reactions or an increased likelihood of developing contact allergies.

Sodium polyitaconate 100% natural polymer provides humidity resistant style retention, volume and anti-frizz performance.
Sodium polyitaconate exceptional sensory and look makes Sodium polyitaconate the ideal choice for natural and nude styling products that deliver touchable hold.

Sodium polyitaconates, a 100% natural polymer, offers moisture resistant styles, volume and anti-frizz performance.
Sodium polyitaconate exceptional sensory and optical properties make Sodium polyitaconate the ideal solution for natural and uncomplicated styling products that provide a noticeable hold.

Sodium polyitaconates you create hair styling products that give your hair a more natural hold.
Sodium polyitaconate can be used in a variety of formulations, from mousses to creams to sprays.

Sodium polyitaconate itself is of natural origin and is manufactured using an extremely environmentally friendly manufacturing process.
Sodium polyitaconates is compatible with numerous hair styling ingredients and preservatives such as panthenol, silicones, sorbitol, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycols.

With appropriate pH and processing adjustments, Sodium polyitaconates is also compatible with other polymers such as A-Polymer XT.
Sodium polyitaconates does not require any additional stabilisation, but is much more stable when the pH of the formulation is in the neutral range.
Styling products with Sodium polyitaconates allow hair to dry much faster, thus protecting the hair from prolonged heat from blow-drying and styling.

Sodium polyitaconate is polymer of vegetable origin made from maize.
Provides an excellent hold, but retains the natural feel of the hair and does not weigh Sodium polyitaconate down.

For application we recommend:
Non-aerosol hairspray 1 - 6%, mousse 1 - 6%, creams and lotions 1 - 6%, waxes and pomades 1 - 6%.

Sodium Polyitaconate provides humidity resistant style retention, volume and anti-frizz performance.
Sodium polyitaconate exceptional sensory and look makes Sodium polyitaconate the ideal choice for natural and nude styling products that deliver touchable hold.

Sodium Polyitaconate offers Natural conditioning, better foam texture & stability, and enhanced viscosity.
Add 100% bio-based Sodium Polyitaconate to hair care, skin care and liquid soap products to achieve gentler formulations with better conditioning and creamier, longer-lasting lather that leave a soft nourished feel on skin and hair.

Sodium Polyitaconate is a homopolymer of itaconic acid that is natural, biodegradable, and does not contain any preservatives or additives.
Sodium Polyitaconate delivers multiple conditioning benefits and lubricity to skin and hair.

Cationic polymers are often added to cleansing products to counteract undesirable drying effects of surfactants and sodium chloride.
Sodium Polyitaconate has demonstrated superior conditioning benefits on skin and hair in sensory study comparisons to polyquaternium-10 and guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride.

With the ability to improve foam quality and build viscosity with less surfactant and sodium chloride, Sodium Polyitaconate further enables personal care and home care formulators to improve conditioning and lubricity with products that are gentler on hair and natural oils of the skin.
Sodium Polyitaconate is a 100% bio-based polymer certified by the Natural Products Association that offers formulators new opportunities to add conditioning for improved hair or skin feel in natural shampoos, body washes, conditioners, moisturizers, and bar soaps.

Enhance foam with less surfactants Consumer perceptions of product quality and richness in cleansing products often depend on the viscosity of the product and the volume of foam generated during use.
The higher levels of surfactants added to generate this perception increase the harshness of a formulation by causing tightness, dryness, irritation and even barrier damage to skin.

Addition of Sodium Polyitaconate allows the formulator to create a milder formulation by reducing concentration of surfactants while preserving the foam volume and richness.
Maintain viscosity with less salt Sodium chloride is commonly used in surfactant-based formulations to increase viscosity and improve customer perception of product quality.

Salt, however, further contributes to skin dryness.
Sodium Polyitaconate allows the formulator to maintain target viscosity while reducing salt content.

Sodium polyitaconate is polyitaconic acid partially neutralized with sodium salt.
Sodium polyitaconate is in the form of a gray-white granular substance.

Sodium polyitaconate helps to stabilize surface-active substances and makes Sodium polyitaconate possible to create a finer composition.
Sodium polyitaconate is mostly part of natural products for the dishwasher.

Sodium polyitaconate is a non-sensitizing and gentle substance that is very biodegradable and decomposable.
Sodium polyitaconate is a water soluble polymer.
Sodium polyitaconate is a low molecular weight linear polyitaconic acid partially neutralized with sodium salt.

Applications of Sodium polyitaconate:

Water Treatment:
Used as a dispersant and scale inhibitor in water treatment processes, helping to prevent the formation of scale and deposits in boilers, cooling towers, and other water systems.

Detergents:
Acts as a builder in detergents, enhancing cleaning efficiency by softening water and dispersing soils.

Agriculture:
Utilized in controlled-release fertilizers and as a soil conditioner to improve water retention and nutrient availability in the soil.

Superabsorbent Polymers:
Due to Sodium polyitaconate's high water absorbency, Sodium polyitaconate is used in products like diapers, adult incontinence products, and absorbent pads.

Personal Care Products:
Functions as a thickening agent and stabilizer in formulations like shampoos, lotions, and creams.

Paints and Coatings:
Acts as a dispersant to improve the stability and distribution of pigments in paint formulations.

Other Applications:
Hair Spray,
Skin Cream and Lotion,
Styling Product, Hair care,
Shampoos,
Leave-on and rinse-off conditioners,
Hair treatment products,
Moisturizing body wash,
Liquid hand soaps,
Facial cleansers,
Moisturizing skin care,
Sun care,
Baby care,
Formulations at extreme pH: hair relaxers, straighteners & perms.

Benefits of Sodium polyitaconate:
Surfactants reduced by 20%,
No cationic polymer,
Salt reduced by 60%.

Benefit Claims:
Creamy Texture,
Foam Enhancement,
Hair Softening,
Softening,
Conditioning,
Long Lasting,
Imparts Lubricity,
Foam Stability,
Outstanding Skin feel,
Soft Feel,
Hair Straightening,
Strengthening,
Foaming,
Broad pH Stability,
Nourishing,
Moisturizing,
Viscosity Boosting,
Hair Conditioning,
Skin Conditioning.

Benefits and Properties:

Biodegradability:
Sodium polyitaconate is derived from renewable resources (itaconic acid is produced from fermentation processes) and is biodegradable, making it environmentally friendly.

Water Solubility:
Sodium polyitaconate's high solubility in water makes it useful in a wide range of aqueous formulations.

Dispersing Ability:
Effective in dispersing particles and preventing aggregation, which is beneficial in water treatment and industrial processes.

Scale Inhibition:
Sodium polyitaconate prevents the formation of mineral scale, enhancing the efficiency and lifespan of water systems.

Functions of Sodium polyitaconate:
Conditioner,
Foaming Agent,
Foam Stabilizer,
Viscosity Modifier,
Foam Booster,
Film Former.

Chelating agent:
Reacts and forms complexes with metal ions which could affect the stability and/or appearance of cosmetic products

Advantages of Sodium polyitaconate:
Improve hair or skin feel with natural conditioning,
Increase foam height, strength and stability for dense, creamy lather,
Gain desired foam performance with less surfactant,
Reach target viscosity with less added salt,
Reduce surfactant concentration and added salt for formulations, gentler on skin and hair,
Increase sustainability of formulations,
Certified by the Natural Products Association for personal care products.

Manufacturing of Sodium polyitaconate:
Commercially, manufacturing sodium polyitaconate begins with creating itaconic acid, which is produced by fermenting carbohydrates such as corn.

Safety and Handling of Sodium polyitaconate:

Safety:
Generally regarded as safe when handled properly.
Sodium polyitaconate should be kept dry and stored in a cool, ventilated area.

Handling:
Use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety glasses when handling the powder to avoid inhalation or contact with skin and eyes.

Identifiers of Sodium polyitaconate:
IUPAC Name: Sodium poly(2-methylidenebutanedioate)
Common Names: Sodium polyitaconate, Sodium poly(itaconic acid)
CAS Number: 53664-67-4
Structural Identifiers:
Molecular Formula: (C5H4O4Na)n
SMILES: C(=C(C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-])CC.[Na+].[Na+]

IUPAC Name: Sodium poly(2-methylidenebutanedioate)
Common Names: Sodium polyitaconate, Sodium poly(itaconic acid)
CAS Number: 54193-36-1
Molecular Formula: (C5H4O4Na)n
SMILES: [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C(C)C(=O)[O-]
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H6O4.Na/c1-3(5(8)9)2-4(6)7;/h1-2H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9);/q;+1/p-1
InChI Key: YHZRNTBXRHRPNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M

Properties of Sodium polyitaconate:
INCI: sodium polyitaconate
CAS#: 26099-89-8
pH at 10% solution in water: 5.2
Odor: none
Avg. molecular weight (Mw): 8000
% Active: ~83%
Chemical nature: Itaconate homopolymer
Appearance: off-white powder

Appearance: Sodium polyitaconate typically appears as a white to off-white powder or granules.
Odor: Generally odorless.
Texture: Fine powder or granular form, depending on processing and application.
Chemical Formula: (C5H4O4Na)n
Molecular Weight: Variable, depending on the degree of polymerization (n).
Solubility: Highly soluble in water, forming clear, viscous solutions.
pH: Typically neutral in aqueous solutions.
Polymeric Structure: Consists of repeating units of itaconic acid that have been polymerized and neutralized with sodium ions.
Ionic Nature: Anionic polymer due to the presence of carboxylate groups (COO^-).
Flexibility: Exhibits flexibility and chain mobility due to its polymeric nature.

Sodium Polynaphthalene Sulfonate, polymer with formaldehyde, sodium salt (NAS-F) is a novel, water-soluble polymer that has been intensively studied in recent years due to its unique properties and potential application in various fields.
Sodium Polynaphthalene Sulfonate is a polycondensation product of naphthalenesulfonic acid (NSA) and formaldehyde.
The polymerization process involves the addition of formaldehyde to Sodium Polynaphthalene Sulfonate, followed by the addition of sodium salt.

CAS: 9084-06-4
MF: (C11H7O4SNa)n
EINECS: 618-665-6

The resulting Sodium Polynaphthalene Sulfonate is a highly branched, water-soluble polymer with an excellent stability in a wide range of pH and temperature.

Sodium Polynaphthalene Sulfonate Chemical Properties
PH: pH (20g/l, 25℃) : 6.0～9.0
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 0: forms stable aqueous solutions
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium Polynaphthalene Sulfonate (9084-06-4)

Sodium Polynaphthalene Sulfonate is a brown powde，soluble in water, resistant to acid, alkali and hard water.
And Sodium Polynaphthalene Sulfonate has good diffusivity and excelllent resistant to high temperatures than NNO.
Sodium Polynaphthalene Sulfonate is commonly used as dispersant and filler of scattered dyes, reactive dyes, pesticides, leather tanning agent, also water reducing agent for construction and oil well.

Uses
Used as a diluent for pulp control in the paper industry, reducing duplexity, improving filler or fines retention, improving sizing, and reducing coating viscosity.
Used as a high-efficiency dispersant for water-based coatings and pigment pastes.
Used as an adhesive, improve water resistance of filler powder andsealing layers.

Synthesis
The solution of naphthalene(550kg)was heated at 50°C for 4h in the reaction kettle.
Then cool down and pass water vapor to hydrolyze the by-product to give 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid.
After the hydrolysis is completed, formaldehyde (37%) is added under 196kPa.
Finally, alkali is added to neutralize to pH 8-10.
The mixtrue was cooling and crystallization,and filtered out to give the product, Sodium Polynaphthalene Sulfonate.

Sodium Polynaphthalene Sulfonate, polymer with formaldehyde, sodium salt is synthesized by a condensation reaction between naphthalenesulfonic acid and formaldehyde.
The reaction is carried out in an aqueous solution at a temperature between 80°C and 90°C.
The reaction is catalyzed by an acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
The reaction is complete when the desired degree of polymerization is achieved.
Sodium Polynaphthalene Sulfonate is then precipitated by adding sodium chloride or sodium hydroxide.
The resulting Sodium Polynaphthalene Sulfonate, polymer with formaldehyde, sodium salt is then washed with water and dried.

Synonyms
9084-06-4
5-[(6-sulfonaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid
SCHEMBL3432703
DTXSID00873852
5,5'-Methylenedi(naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid)
76996-62-8

SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATE Polyphosphoricacids,sodiumsalts Sodiumpolyphosphate,amorphous SODIUM HEXAMETAPHOSPHATE(TECH.GRADE) Sodium Hexa meta phophate SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATE EXTRA PURE SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATE, CRYSTALS, + 80 MES H, 96% SodiumHexametaphosphateFoodGrade&TechnicalGrade SodiumHexametaphosphateGlassy Polyphosphorsuren, Natriumsalze Sodium hexametaphosphate Calgon, Phosphate glass, water soluble, Polyphosphate sodium salt, Sodium polyphosphate Sodillm hexametaplhospllate CAS:68915-31-1

SYNONYMS Rochelle salt; Seignette salt tetrahydrate; DL-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, monopotassium monosodium salt, tetrahydrate; (R*,R*)-(+-)-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, monopotassium monosodium salt, tetrahydrate; DL-Dihydroxysuccinic Acid, monopotassium monosodium salt, tetrahydrate; CAS NO. 304-59-6 (Anhydrous)6381-59-5 (Tetrahydrate)

SYNONYMS Propanoic acid, sodium salt; Sodium dipropionate; CAS NO. 137-40-6

SYNONYMS Paradept; Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; Sodium 4-Propoxycarbonylphenoxide; Natrium-4-propoxycarbonylphenoxid; 4-Propoxicarbonilfenoxido de sodio; 4-Propoxycarbonylphénolate de sodium; Solbrol P, Natriumsalz CAS NO. 35285-69-9

Sodium propionate is the salt form of propionic acid, which is an organic acid that is produced during the chemical degradation of sugar.
Sodium Propionate is a compound that is produced naturally in the body when certain fatty acids and amino acids are metabolized.
Sodium Propionate is metabolized by a series of enzymatic reactions that are dependent on the presence of vitamin B-12, according to a 1996 article in the "International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research."

CAS: 137-40-6
MF: C3H6O2.Na
MW: 96.06
EINECS: 205-290-4

Sodium propionate is also chemically manufactured for a variety of industrial uses.
Sodium propionate is a common food additive that is industrially manufactured but also occurs in nature.
Since Sodium Propionate is toxic to mold and some species of bacteria, it is an especially effective additive in baked goods or other products that are susceptible to spoilage.
Sodium Propionateis an effective inhibitor of the growth of certain molds and some bacteria in bakery goods.
Sodium Propionate is usually preferred in non-yeast leavened bakery products because the calcium ions’ of calcium propionate interfere with the chemical leavening agents.

In those bakery products, such as cakes, tortillas, pie fillings etc., chemically leaved agents are used (e.g. baking powder).
sodium propionate is easy to handle and easy to incorporate into flour.
Sodium Propionate is a safe compound when encountered at the low levels found in food.
Sodium propanoate or sodium propionate is the sodium salt of propionic acid which has the chemical formula Na(C2H5COO).
An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.

Sodium Propionate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 285-286 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.51[at 20℃]
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear
Form: Crystalline Powder
Color: White
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland
PH: 8-9.5 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: 995 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,8669
BRN: 3566934
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Hygroscopic.
LogP: -3.23 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 137-40-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Sodium propanoate(137-40-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium propionate (137-40-6)

Sodium Propionate appears as transparent particles or crystal with specific smelly odor.
Sodium Propionate is easily subject to deliquescence in wet air.
Sodium Propionate is soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol.

Uses
Primary uses: Antifungal agent, antiseptic agent (topical), disinfectant, food additive, ophthalmic agent.
Sodium Propionate is used primarily as a mold inhibitor in bakery products.
Sodium Propionate is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, USA and Australia and New Zealand (where Sodium Propionate is listed by its INS number 281).
Chemically synthesized sodium propionate is most commonly used as a preservative in the food industry.
V prevents the growth of mold and some bacteria, thereby prolonging the shelf life of packaged baked goods.
According to the Code of Federal Regulations, Sodium Propionate is generally recognized as safe when used as a food additive.

Sodium Propionate is also used to prevent mold growth in packaged and processed cheese products.
In addition, ammonium propionate is used as an additive in animal feed to prevent overgrowth of unwanted bacteria in the stomachs of livestock.
Sodium Propionate can be used as preservatives; used for anti-mould for cakes, waxberry and other mildew
Sodium Propionate can be used as germicide and antiseptic.
Sodium propionate wet acid preservative has its antibacterial effect be affected by the environmental PH.
The minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.01% at pH 5.0 and 0.5% at pH 6.5.
In acidic medium, Sodium Propionate has a strong inhibitory effect against various types of mold, aerobic bacillus or Gram-negative bacteria.
Sodium Propionate has special effect in prevention the production of aflatoxin while having no effect on the yeast.

In addition, Sodium Propionate is also used as a food preservative.
In the leather, Sodium Propionate can be used as masking agent in order to improve the alkali resistance of leather and tanning uniformity.
In the food industry, Sodium Propionate can be used for pastry preservation with the usage amount of 2.5g/kg (based on propionic acid, the same as below); in 3% to 5% aqueous solution, the maximal amount for soaking waxberry is 50g/kg.
Sodium Propionate can also be used as feed antiseptic.
Germicide, antiseptic.
Used for determination of transaminase; The general dosage is 0.1-0.3%.

Sodium Propionate is an antimicrobial agent that is the sodium salt of propionic acid.
Sodium Propionate occurs as colorless, transparent crystals or a gran- ular crystalline powder.
Sodium Propionate is odorless or has a faint acetic–butyric acid odor, and is deliquescent.
Sodium Propionate is prepared by neutralizing propionic acid with sodium hydroxide.
Sodium Propionate is used in baked goods; nonalcoholic beverages; cheeses; confections and frostings; gelatins, puddings, and fillings; jams and jellies; meat products; and soft candy.

Health Risks
Sodium Propionate and calcium propionate are good preservatives, especially in food because very low toxicity has great advantages, bread usually calcium propionate, because bread is yeast fermentation, the use of sodium propionate can So that d increases dough, affecting yeast growth, will extend the time to face.
However, since the general public would not come in contact with sodium propionate in its pure form, Sodium Propionate does not likely present a risk.
The risks of consuming sodium propionate are slight if you compare Sodium Propionate to the possibility of consuming products that have mold or bacterial contamination.
If you are worried about consuming sodium propionate, buy fresh bread or bake your own.

Synonyms
SODIUM PROPIONATE
137-40-6
Sodium propanoate
Propionic acid sodium salt
Propanoic acid, sodium salt
SODIUMPROPIONATE
Napropion
Ocuseptine
sodium;propanoate
Propionic acid, sodium salt
Sodium propionate anhydrous
Deketon
Impedex
Keenate
Propiofar
Propion
Propisol
Natriumpropionat
Propi-ophtal
Whit-pro
Bioban-S
Mycoban
Caswell No. 707A
Propionan sodny
Propionan sodny [Czech]
Natriumpropionat [German]
CCRIS 1896
HSDB 766
Sodium dipropionate
EINECS 205-290-4
Propanoic acid, sodium salt (1:1)
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 077703
DK6Y9P42IN
Mycoban; Napropion; Ocuseptine
DTXSID7021996
EINECS 264-460-6
E281
Propanoic acid, sodium salt (2:1)
DTXCID001996
SODIUM PROPIONATE-2,3-13C2, 99 ATOM % 13 C
UNII-DK6Y9P42IN
63785-15-9
C3H6O2
CHEMBL500826
CAS-137-40-6
NCGC00159468-02
C3H5NaO2
Propionic acid sodium
Sodium Propionate (anhydrous)
UNII-391O0PO49R
C3-H6-O2.Na
SODIUM PROPIONATE [II]
SODIUM PROPIONATE [MI]
INS NO.281
SODIUM PROPIONATE [FCC]
SODIUM PROPIONATE [INCI]
INS-281
SODIUM PROPIONATE [VANDF]
ANHYDROUS SODIUM PROPIONATE
CHEBI:132106
JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
SODIUM PROPIONATE [MART.]
391O0PO49R
SODIUM PROPIONATE [USP-RS]
SODIUM PROPIONATE [WHO-DD]
AMY22300
CS-BL-00007
Natriumpropionat [veterinary] (TN)
Tox21_113044
Tox21_202735
MFCD00002759
AKOS003051488
AKOS015892835
LS-2376
SODIUM PROPIONATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
NCGC00260283-01
SODIUM PROPIONATE ANHYDROUS [HSDB]
ANHYDROUS SODIUM PROPIONATE [MART.]
E-281
FT-0655038
P0512
D08440
EN300-7399958
A807253
Q420130
J-007019

SODIUM PROPYLPARABEN N° CAS : 35285-69-9 Origine(s) : Synthétique Nom INCI : SODIUM PROPYLPARABEN Nom chimique : Sodium 4-propoxycarbonylphenoxide N° EINECS/ELINCS : 252-488-1 Classification : Paraben, Perturbateur endocrinien suspecté, Règlementé, Conservateur Restriction en Europe : V/12 La concentration maximale autorisée dans les préparations cosmétiques prêtes à l'emploi est de : - 0,14 % (en acide) pour la somme des concentrations individuelles - 0,8 % (en acide) pour les mélanges de substances mentionnés aux numéros d'ordre 12 et 12 bis, la somme des concentrations individuelles en butylparabène et en propylparabène et leurs sels ne dépassant pas 0,14 % Ne pas utiliser dans les produits sans rinçage destinés à être appliqués sur la zone du siège des enfants de moins de trois ans. Libellé des conditions d'emploi et des avertissements : Pour les produits sans rinçage conçus pour les enfants de moins de trois ans: «Ne pas utiliser sur la zone du siège.» Ses fonctions (INCI) Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.

Sodium Propylparaben is a single long-chain paraben preservative for personal care products. Benefits Water soluble Sodium Propylparaben sodium propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate CAS: 35285-69-9 EC: 252-488-1 EC / List no.: 252-488-1 CAS no.: 35285-69-9 35285-69-9 Name: Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate CAS: 35285-69-9 Molecular Formula: C10H11NaO3 Molecular Weight: 202.182 CAS 35285-69-9 35285-69-9 - Names and Identifiers Name: Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Synonyms Paradept Sodium propyl paraben Solbrol P, Natriumsalz 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester sodium salt sodium 4-(propoxycarbonyl)phenolate Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sodium Propyl Paraben Sodium Chemical name: Sodium Propyl p-Hydroxybenzoate. INCI designation Sodium Propylparaben. Appearance: White powder Chemical and physical data pH: 9.5- 10.5 Water content: max. 5.0 % Assay by non aqueous titration: 99 - 104 % 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester, sodium salt Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, propyl ester, sodium salt Benzoic acid, p-hydroxy-, propyl ester, sodium deriv. E217 Natrium propyl 4-hydroxybenzoat Parasept Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sodium salt Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoat natriumsalz Propylparaben sodium Propylparaben, sodium salt Sodium 4-propoxycarbonylphenoxide EC Inventory Sodium 4-propoxycarbonylphenoxide sodium 4-propoxycarbonylphenoxide Sodium propyl hydroxybenzoate Sodium propylparaben Cosmetic Products Regulation, Annex V - Allowed Preservatives, Other CAS names Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, propyl ester, sodium salt (1:1) IUPAC names Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, propyl ester, sodium salt p-Hydroxybenzoesäure-n-propylester Natriumsalz propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoat natrium sodium 4-(propoxycarbonyl)benzen-1-olate sodium 4-(propoxycarbonyl)phenolate Sodium 4-propoxycarbonylphenoxide sodium 4-propoxycarbonylphenoxide Sodium Propyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate Sodium propylparaben Sodium propylparabenSodium 4-propoxycarbonylphenoxide sodium;4-propoxycarbonylphenolate Uses Sodium Propylparaben is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics, toiletries pharmaceuticals. Sodium Propylparaben is suitable to preserve both rinse- off and leave-on formulations. Sodium Propylparaben is effective against bacteria, molds and yeast. The recommended use level of Sodium Propylparaben to preserve most product types is normally in the range of 0.1- 0.3 % based on the total weight of the finished product. The Paraben esters have many advantages as preservatives,like broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, effective at low use concentrations, compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, colourless, odourless, well documented toxicological and dermatological acceptability based on human experience (used in cosmetics, food and pharmaceuticals since 1930ies),p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid and a number of its estersoccur naturally in a variety of plants and animals, stable and effective over a wide pH- range, etc. The Sodium Parabens, like Sodium Propylparaben have several additional advantages: Sodium Propylparaben is highly soluble in cold water for ease of addition. No heating stage required for incorporation, thus saving energy and plant occupancy. Increased antimicrobial activity at alkaline pH. Applications Sodium Propyl paraben is designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics and toiletries. Sodium Propyl paraben is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics, toiletries pharmaceuticals. Sodium Propyl paraben is suitable to preserve both rinse- off and leave- on formulations. Formulations which are prone to bacteria contamination an additional antibacterial preservative, like DMDMH might be necessary to add as Sodium Propyl paraben provides a higher efficacy against fungi than against bacteria. Solubility: Water max. 50 % Incorporation Sodium Propylparaben is highly soluble in water and so easily incorporated into cosmetic formulations. It is important to note that, whilst the aqueous solubility in alkaline solution is high, if the pH of the formulated product is acidic the sodium salt reverts to the ester and the low solubility is regained. pH stability Sodium Propylparaben remains fully stable over a wide pH range from 3.0- 11.0. Aqueous solutions of Sodium Propylparaben are not longterm table at alkaline pH. Temperature stability The recommended maximum handling temperature is 80°C. Microbial activity Sodium Propylparaben has a broad spectrum of activity which includes the following common spoilage organisms. Microorganisms MIC level (%) Bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.019 Staphylococcus aureus 0.045 Microorganisms MIC level (%) Yeasts Candida albicans 0.015 Molds Aspergillus niger 0.022 Storage instructions Sodium Propylparaben is stable in sealed original containers. Further information on handling, storage and dispatch is given in the EC safety data sheet. Technical Data Appearance: Powder Active substance (ca.): 100% INCI-Name: Sodium Propylparaben Applications :Sodium Propylparaben is a long chain paraben preservative for personal care products. It is suitable for the following products: Antiperspirants & Deodorants Wet Wipes Decorative Cosmetics Creams, Lotions Shampoos, Shower Gels, Liquid Soap Hair Conditioner Hair Styling Syndet, Bar Soap Sodium Propylparaben: Sodium Propylparaben by Clariant is used in shampoos, shower products, liquid soap, decorative cosmetics, syndet, bar soaps, wet wipes, hair conditioners, hair styling products, creams, lotions, antiperspirants and deodorants. Sodium Propylparaben acts as a preservative. Chemical Name: Sodium Propylparaben Synonyms: Sodium Propylparaben; Propyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate Sodium Salt; Propyl p-Hydroxybenzoate Sodium Salt; Propylparaben Sodium; Sodium 4-Propoxycarbonylphenoxide; Sodium Propyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate; Sodium Propyl p-Hydroxybenzoate; Sodium Propyl Paraben; Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, propyl ester, sodium salt CAS Number: 35285-69-9 Alternate CAS #94-13-3 Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₁NaO₃ Appearance: White to Off-White Solid Melting Point: >170°C (dec.) Molecular Weight: 202.18 Storage: Hygroscopic, Refrigerator, under inert atmosphere Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly) Stability: Hygroscopic Category Standards; Pharmaceutical/API Drug Impurities/Metabolites; Applications: Sodium Propylparaben is a preservative. Sodium Propylparaben is also an excipient used in various pharmaceutical formulations.

Sodium pyrithione is mainly used for anti-mildew and antibacterial products in the fields of daily chemicals (shampoo and hair care products), architectural coatings, adhesives, sealants, pesticides, textiles, leather products, metal working fluids, etc.
Sodium pyrithione can also be formulated for disinfection agents, detergents and medical broad-spectrum antifungal dermatological products.
At the same time, Sodium pyrithione is also an effective fungicide and an excellent common disinfectant for fruit trees, peanuts, wheat, vegetables and other crops.

CAS: 3811-73-2
MF: C5H6NNaOS
MW: 151.16
EINECS: 223-296-5

Sodium pyrithione's derivative product, zinc pyrithione, is also a commonly used fungicide for daily chemicals.
Apparently exists in equilibrium with the -SH form.
Forms chelates with iron, manganese, zinc, etc.
Sodium pyrithione acts as labelling agent during indium-111 labelling of human platelets.
Sodium pyrithione acts as bioactive ligand and forms palladium and platinum complexes, which were tested as potential antitrypanosomal agents.

Sodium pyrithione Chemical Properties
Melting point: -25 °C
Boiling point: 109 °C
Density: 1.22
Vapor pressure: -0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.4825
Storage temp.: Hygroscopic, -20°C Freezer, Under inert atmosphere
Solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, faintly yellow
Form: Solution
Color: very deep brown
Water Solubility: 54.7 g/100 mL
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: 334nm(H2O)(lit.)
Merck: 14,7994
BRN: 4026050
InChIKey: WNGMMIYXPIAYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: -2.38 at 20℃ and pH7
Surface tension: 65.013-72.6mN/m at 1-1.02g/L and 20-20.1℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 3811-73-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium pyrithione (3811-73-2)

Sodium pyrithione belongs to pyridine derivatives fungicide, appearance is yellow full light dumpling transparent liquid, melting point 250 ℃, slightly characteristic odor.
Soluble in water and ethanol and other organic solvents, solubility (by mass fraction): water 53%, ethanol 19%, polyethylene glycol (PECG400) 12%.
Best use pH range 7 to 10, mass fraction of 2% aqueous solution pH 8.0.
Unstable to light, oxidizing agents and strong reducing agents.
Non-ionic surfactants will deactivate Sodium pyrithione somewhat, and it can chelate with heavy metals.

Uses
Sodium pyrithione is a preservative that is not commonly used because of some level of toxicity.
Sodium pyrithione is prohibited in Canada, and it is on the eu Annex II list of substances that must not form part of a cosmetic product composition.
Sodium pyrithione is a bactericide for use in cooling fluids and short-term in-can preservation of vinyl acetate latex, paints, and synthetic-fiber lubricants; preservative for cosmetic rinse-off products.
Sodium pyrithione is one of the active components in paint, sealants, shampoo, adhesive and aerosol due to its anti-microbial activity.
In biochemistry studies, Sodium pyrithione is utilized to transport zinc into cells.
Further, Sodium pyrithione is used to form bidentate oxothiolane chelates with transition metals.
Sodium pyrithione acts as a stabilizer and viscosity building provider in weak basic or neutral medium.

Synonyms
Sodium Omadine
3811-73-2
Sodium pyrithione
Sodium (2-pyridylthio)-N-oxide
Pyrithione sodium salt
PYRITHIONE SODIUM
Sodium omadine (VAN)
Thione (reagent)
2-Pyridinethiol-1-oxide sodium salt
sodium (1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-2-yl)sulfanide
Sodium pyrithione (VAN)
DTXSID3042390
2-Mercaptopyridine n-oxide sodium
2-Mercaptopyridine-N-oxide sodium salt
NSC 4483
2-Mercaptopyridinen-oxide sodiumsalt
EINECS 223-296-5
2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide (sodium)
Sodium, (2-pyridylthio)-, N-oxide
MFCD01941547
Tomicide s
Sodium, (2-pyridinylthio)-, N-oxide
2-Pyridinethiol, N-oxide, sodium salt
Sodium 2-pyridinethiol N-oxide
Sodium 2-pyridinethiol 1-oxide
Sodium 2-mercaptopyridine 1-oxide
Sodium 2-pyridinethiolate 1-oxide
(1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione), sodium salt
AI3-22596
1-Oxo-2-pyridinethiol sodium salt
2-Pyridinethiol N-oxide sodium salt
6L3991491R
2-Mercaptopyridine oxide sodium salt
Topcide 280
2-Pyridinethiol, 1-oxide, sodium salt (1:1)
2-Mercaptopyridine 1-oxide sodium salt
2-Pyridinethiol, 1-oxide, sodium salt
2-Pyridinethiol 1-Oxide Sodium Salt
Sodium 2-sulfidopyridine 1-oxide
UNII-6L3991491R
NSC-4483
Pyridine-2-thiol 1-oxide, sodium salt
AL-02725
2-PYRIDINETHIOL-1-OXIDE, SODIUM SALT
EC 223-296-5
(1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione), sodium salt, tech.
Prestwick_78
1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione sodium salt
2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt anhydrous
SCHEMBL3101261
CHEMBL2364542
DTXCID1022390
SODIUM PYRITHIONE [INCI]
AMY3577
WNGMMIYXPIAYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
N-Hydroxypyridinethione Sodium Salt
PYRITHIONE SODIUM [WHO-DD]
STR00395
Tox21_300128
AKOS000121187
AC-1079
HY-125785A
NCGC00254107-01
CAS-3811-73-2
LS-132087
CS-0129647
M0632
M2841
2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, 95%
2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, 98%
EN300-18847
2-Mercaptopyridine-N-oxide sodium salt hydrate
2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, >=96%
(1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione), sodium salt, tech
W-106499
Q27265081
Z90667629
2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, >=96.0% (NT)0000

cas no 3811-73-2 1-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione sodium salt;Sodium-2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide; Sodium omadine; 2-Mercaptopyridine-N-oxide, sodium salt; N-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione, sodium salt; 2-Pyridinethiol-1-oxide, sodium salt; Mercaptopyridine-N-oxide sodium salt; 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione sodium salt;

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is an organosulfur compound with broad spectrum antimicrobial, provides excellent inhibition of the growth of bacteria and fungi in a many household and industrial products, such as shampoo, hair care products, laundry products and surface cleaning products, pesticides, textile&leather treatment, etc.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is derivative product, zinc pyrithione, is also a commonly used fungicide for daily chemicals.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) can also be formulated for disinfection agents, detergents and medical broad-spectrum antifungal dermatological products.

CAS Number: 3811-73-2
Molecular Formula: C5H6NNaOS
Molecular Weight: 151.16
EINECS Number: 223-296-5

Sodium pyrithione, PYRITHIONE SODIUM, Sodium Omadine, 15922-78-8, Omadine sodium, 3811-73-2, Omacide 24, Pyrithione sodium [USAN], AL02725, sodium;1-oxidopyridine-2-thione, 2(1H)-Pyridinethione, 1-hydroxy-, sodium salt, Sodium 2-thioxopyridin-1(2H)-olate, Tomicide s, 1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione, sodium salt, Omadine-sodium, Caswell No. 790A, Pyrithione sodium (USAN), Topcide 280, Sodium 2-sulfidopyridine 1-oxide, NSC-4483, Sodium 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, Sodium 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione, AL-02725, EINECS 240-062-8, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 088004, SQ 3277, 1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethionato sodium, Sodium omadine (TN), Sel de sodium de 1-hydroxy-2 (1H)-pyridinethione [French], Sel de sodium de 1-hydroxy-2 (1H)-pyridinethione, SCHEMBL271923, CHEMBL2105351, DTXSID6034920, XNRNJIIJLOFJEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N, 2-mercaptopyridinen-oxidesodiumsalt, AKOS015891512, FT-0612772, FT-0649466, D05662

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is a bactericide which can be used as lubricant preservative or used to produce Zinc pyrithione and Copper pyrithione.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) belongs to pyridine derivatives fungicide, appearance is yellow full light dumpling transparent liquid, melting point 250 ℃, slightly characteristic odor.
Soluble in water and ethanol and other organic solvents, solubility (by mass fraction): water 53%, ethanol 19%, polyethylene glycol (PECG400) 12%. Best use pH range 7 to 10, mass fraction of 2% aqueous solution pH 8.0.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is mainly used for anti-mildew and antibacterial products in the fields of daily chemicals (shampoo and hair care products), architectural coatings, adhesives, sealants, pesticides, textiles, leather products, metal working fluids, etc.
At the same time, Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is also an effective fungicide and an excellent common disinfectant for fruit trees, peanuts, wheat, vegetables and other crops.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is mainly used for antisepsis and anti-mildew in the fields of building coating, adhesive, sealant, pesticide, textile, leatherware, metal processing liquid.

Unstable to light, oxidizing agents and strong reducing agents.
Non-ionic surfactants will deactivate Sodium pyrithione (SPT) somewhat, and it can chelate with heavy metals.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) acts as labelling agent during indium-111 labelling of human platelets.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) acts as bioactive ligand and forms palladium and platinum complexes, which were tested as potential antitrypanosomal agents.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) acts on bacterial cells.
The bactericidal mechanism of zinc Sodium pyrithione (SPT) varies slightly under different acidic and alkaline conditions.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is mainly used for antisepsis and anti-mildew in the fields of building coating, adhesive, sealant, pesticide, textile, leatherware, metal processing liquid.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) also can be used to formulate antiseptics, washing chemical and broad-spectrum dermatological antifungal medicine.
Therefore, Sodium pyrithione (SPT) and its like products are widely used in relative fields due to its properties of high efficiency, broad-spectrum and low toxicity.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is currently the most effective water-soluble industrial mildew preservative, with high efficiency, broad spectrum, low toxicity and stability.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) can be used in metal cutting fluid, anti-rust liquid, latex paint, adhesive, leather products, textile.
Products, copper paper, etc. Antibacterial agent has the characteristics of high efficiency, broad spectrum, low toxicity and stable aqueous solution.

The main application areas include: daily chemical products, adhesives, paper, medicine, pesticides, leather products, disinfection products.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is the sodium salt form of pyrithione, a fungistatic and antimicrobial derivative of aspergillic acid.
Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, Sodium pyrithione (SPT) appears to interfere with membrane transport ultimately leading to a loss of metabolic control.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) zinc is an antibacterial and antifungal agent developed by scientists in the 1930's.
Since then it has been used to treat seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp and other skin conditions such as eczema, athlete's foot, and vitiligo, as well as psoriasis.
Because of its antifungal properties, it is commonly found in dandruff shampoo.

Products containing Sodium pyrithione (SPT) zinc are available today with and without prescription, and it is the main ingredient in many over-the-counter creams, lotions, soaps, and shampoos.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) also has antibacterial properties and is effective against many pathogens from the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus genera.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) zinc`s other medical applications include treatments of psoriasis, eczema, ringworm, fungus, athlete's foot, dry skin, atopic dermatitis, tinea, and vitiligo.

Its antifungal effect is thought to derive from its ability to disrupt membrane transport by blocking the proton pump that energizes the transport mechanism.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) zinc is commonly found as an active ingredient in OTC antidandruff topical treatments such as shampoos.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) mediates its action by increasing the cellular levels of copper and damaging iron-sulfur clusters of proteins essential for fungal metabolism and growth.

Due to low solubility, Sodium pyrithione (SPT) zinc released from the topical formulations is deposited and retained relatively well onto the target skin surfaces.
Other uses of Sodium pyrithione (SPT) zinc include additives in antifouling outdoor paints and algaecide.
While its use has been approved in the early 1960s by the FDA 4, safety and effectiveness of Sodium pyrithione (SPT) zinc has been reported for decades.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is not shown to have any significant estrogenic activity according to the in vivo and in vitro assays.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is a bactericide which can be used as lubricant preservative or used to produce Zinc pyrithione and Copper pyrithione.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is mainly used for antisepsis and anti-mildew in the fields of building coating, adhesive, sealant, pesticide, textile, leatherware, metal processing liquid.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is the sodium salt derivative of pyrithione, a fungistatic and antimicrobial aspergillic acid derivative.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is a commonly demanded laboratory chemical used as a wide spectrum biocide, particularly against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in metal working fluids, rubber & paint, and cosmetics industries. Sodium pyrithione tends to interfere with membrane transporting, causing a lack of metabolic function.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is a broad spectrum of antimicrobials derivative of aspergillic acid which inhibits bacterial and fungal growth in domestic and industrial products such as shampoos, hair care, laundry, surface cleaning, pesticides, and fabric & leather treatments.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is stable under standard environmental conditions when stored in closed, dark containers.
The presence of Sodium pyrithione (SPT) does not directly affect the alkalinity of working metal fluids.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) zinc is an antibacterial and antifungal agent developed by scientists in the 1930's.

Since then it has been used to treat seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp and other skin conditions such as eczema, athlete's foot, and vitiligo, as well as psoriasis.
Because of its antifungal properties, Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is commonly found in dandruff shampoo.
Products containing Sodium pyrithione (SPT) zinc are available today with and without prescription, and it is the main ingredient in many over-the-counter creams, lotions, soaps, and shampoos.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) also has antibacterial properties and is effective against many pathogens from the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus genera.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) zinc`s other medical applications include treatments of psoriasis, eczema, ringworm, fungus, athletes foot, dry skin, atopic dermatitis, tinea, and vitiligo.
Its antifungal effect is thought to derive from its ability to disrupt membrane transport by blocking the proton pump that energizes the transport mechanism.

Melting point: -25 °C
Boiling point: 109 °C
Density: 1.22
vapor pressure: 0-0Pa at 25℃
refractive index:1.4825
storage temp.. Hygroscopic, -20°C Freezer, Under inert atmosphere
solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, faintly yellow
form: Solution
color: very deep brown
Water: Solubility: 54.7 g/100 mL
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: 334nm(H2O)(lit.)
Merck: 14,7994
BRN: 4026050
InChIKey: WNGMMIYXPIAYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: -2.38 at 20℃ and pH7

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is the sodium salt form of pyrithione, a fungistatic and antimicrobial derivative of aspergillic acid.
Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, Sodium pyrithione (SPT) appears to interfere with membrane transport ultimately leading to a loss of metabolic control.
Metalworking fluids are fertile breeding grounds for microorganisms, particularly bacteria and fungi.

Their unchecked growth causes fluids to deteriorate and degrades the fluid performance; this, in turn, causes damage to the workpiece, cutting tools, and fluid handling systems.
The growth of microorganisms in fluids can also affect workers by causing foul odors, skin irritation, and allergic reactions.
These problems can be reduced or eliminated through the proper use of an antimicrobial agent.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) Antimicrobial is a proprietary blend based on the antimicrobial activity, Sodium pyrithione (SPT) a fungicidal product with a successful history of use by the metalworking industry.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) Antimicrobial exhibits increased efficacy against a wide variety of microorganisms found in metalworking fluid systems.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is the sodium salt form of pyrithione, a fungistatic and antimicrobial derivative of aspergillic acid.

Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, Sodium pyrithione (SPT) appears to interfere with membrane transport ultimately leading to a loss of metabolic control.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) exists as a pair of tautomers, the major form being the thione 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione and the minor form being the thiol 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide; it crystallizes in the thione form.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is usually prepared from either 2-bromopyridine, 2-chloropyridine, or 2-chloropyridine N-oxide, and is commercially available as both the neutral compound and its sodium salt.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is used to prepare zinc Sodium pyrithione, which is used primarily to treat dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis in medicated shampoos, though is also an anti-fouling agent in paints.
Tautomerisation of the sodium salt of Sodium pyrithione (SPT) (thione form on the left, thiolate form on the right) Sodium pyrithione (SPT) exists as a pair of prototypes, a form of tautomerism whereby the rapid interconversion of constitutional isomers involves the shift of a single proton, in this case between the sulfur and oxygen atoms (shown in the infobox above).
Salts of the conjugate base of Sodium pyrithione (SPT) can also be considered to exhibit tautomerism by notionally associating the sodium ion with whichever heteroatom bears the negative charge of the anion (as opposed to the formal charges associated with the N-oxide); however, considering the anion alone, this could also be described as an example of resonance.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is a weak acid with pKa values of −1.95 and +4.6 (thiol proton), but is a markedly stronger acid than either of its parent compounds (pyridine-N-oxide and pyridine-2-thiol), both of which have pKa > 8.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is only slightly soluble in water (2.5 g L−1) but is soluble in many organic solvents (including benzene, chloroform, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and ethyl acetate) and slight solubility in others (diethyl ether, ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, and tetrahydrofuran).
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) can be used as a source of hydroxyl radical in organic synthesis as it photochemically decomposes to HO• and (pyridin-2-yl)sulfanyl radical.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is mainly used for antisepsis and anti-mildew in the fields of building coating, adhesive, sealant, pesticide, textile, leatherware, metal processing liquid.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) also can be used to formulate antiseptics, washing chemical and broad-spectrum dermatological antifungal medicine.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) can be oxidized to its N-oxide using a suitable peracid (as per 2-chloropyridine), both approaches being analogous to that reported in Organic Syntheses for the oxidation of pyridine to its N-oxide.

A substitution reaction using either Sodium pyrithione (SPT) (Na2S2O4) or sodium sulfide with sodium hydroxide will allow the replacement of the bromo substituent with a thiol functional group.
The alternative strategy is to form the mercaptan before introducing the N-oxide moiety.
2-Mercaptopyridine was originally synthesized in 1931 by heating 2-chloropyridine with calcium hydrosulfide, an approach similar to that was first used to prepare Sodium pyrithione (SPT).

The analogous thiourea approach via a uronium salt was reported in 1958 and provides a more convenient route to 2-mercaptopyridine.
Oxidation of the N-oxide can then be undertaken.
The disulfide Sodium pyrithione (SPT), 2,2'-dithiobis(pyridine-N-oxide) Sodium pyrithione is found as a natural product in the Allium stipitatum plant, an Asian species of onion, also known as the Persian shallot.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is presence was detected using positive ion mass spectrometry using a DART ion source and the disulfide diSodium pyrithione [de] (2,2'-disulfanediylbis(pyridine)-1,1'-dioxide) has been reported from the same species.
DiSodium pyrithione can be prepared in a laboratory by oxidation of Sodium pyrithione with chlorine in the presence of sodium hydroxide: 2 C5H4NOSH + Cl2 + 2 NaOH → ONC5H4–S–S–C5H4NO + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O
DiSodium pyrithione is used as a fungicide and bactericide, and has been reported to possess novel cytotoxic activity by inducing apoptosis.

Uses:
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is a preservative that is not commonly used because of some level of toxicity.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is prohibited in Canada, and it is on the eu Annex II list of substances that must not form part of a cosmetic product composition.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is a bactericide for use in cooling fluids and short-term in-can preservation of vinyl acetate latex, paints, and synthetic-fiber lubricants; preservative for cosmetic rinse-off products.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) salt is one of the active components in paint, sealants, shampoo, adhesive and aerosol due to its anti-microbial activity.
In biochemistry studies, Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is utilized to transport zinc into cells.
Further, Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is used to form bidentate oxothiolane chelates with transition metals.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) acts as a stabilizer and viscosity building provider in weak basic or neutral medium.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is currently the most effective water-soluble industrial anti-mold preservative.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) has the characteristics of high efficiency, broad spectrum, low toxicity, and stability.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is mainly used in personal care products (shampoo and hair care products), architectural coatings, adhesives, sealants, pesticides, textiles, leather products, metalworking fluids, and other fields of anti-mildew.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) can also formulate preservatives, detergent chemicals, and broad-spectrum dermatological antifungal drugs.
In addition, Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is an effective fungicide for fruit trees, peanuts, wheat, and vegetables and a preservative for silkworms.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) can be formulated as a disinfectant, detergent, and broad-spectrum antifungal dermatological drug for medical use.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is derivative, zinc pyrithione, is a common fungicide used in daily chemicals.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is widely used in daily chemicals (Shampoo and hair conditioner products) building coating, sealing, sticking, pesticide, textile, leather, metalworking fluid and so on, it is effective antimicrobial to bacterial.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is also used to formulate disinfectant and medical spectrum antifungal skin.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) biocide is also used as a biocide and disinfectant for fruit trees, wheat, vegetables, and silkworm.
Widely used in the filed, with high effect, wide spectrum and low toxic advantage.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is currently the most effective water-soluble industrial mildew preservative.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) widely used in the fields of daily chemicals (shampoo and hair care products), latex paint, adhesive, leather products, textile，architectural coatings, adhesives, sealants, pesticides, metalworking fluids，anti-rust liquidetc etc.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) can also formulate products such as disinfectants, astringents and medical broad-spectrum antifungal dermatology drugs.

At the same time, Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is an effective fungicide for fruit trees, peanuts, wheat, vegetables and other crops and an excellent disinfectant for silkworm.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) and its similar products are widely used in related fields for their high efficiency, broad spectrum, and low toxicity.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is mainly used for antisepsis and mould proofing in the fields of personal care product (shampoo and hair care products), building coating, adhesive, sealant, pesticide, textile, leatherware, metal processing liquid.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) also can used to formulate antiseptics, washing chemical and broad-spectrum dermatological antifungal medicine.
Moreover, Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is an effective bactericide for fruit trees, peanuts, wheat and vegetables and antiseptics for silkworm use. T
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) can be used in metal cutting fluid, anti-rust fluid, latex paint, adhesive, leather products, textile products, copper paper and other fields.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is used in various anti-fungal drugs and shampoo and skin care products in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) not only prevents product corruption and mildew, but also relieves itching and dandruff, which is very effective.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) can be used as an effective fungicide for fruit trees, peanuts, wheat, vegetables and other crops.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is also an excellent silkworm disinfectant.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) can be used to formulate products such as disinfectant, detergent and medical broad-spectrum antifungal dermatology.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is currently the most effective water-soluble industrial mildew preservative with high efficiency, broad spectrum, low toxicity and stability, which can be used in metal cutting fluid, antirust fluid, latex paint, adhesive, leather products, textile products, copper board paper and other fields.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is also can be used for daily chemical products, paper, medicine, pesticides, leather products, disinfection supplies.
Type of pesticide used to destroy or inhibit the growth of disease-causing mechanisms, can be impregnated into clothing.
Includes food packaging, paper plates, cutlery, small appliances such as roasters, etc.; does not include facilities that manufacture food.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is used for preventing, destroying or mitigating pests.
Type of pesticide used to destroy or inhibit the growth of disease-causing mechanisms, can be impregnated into clothing.
Active ingredients in a product (often active ingredients in pesticide, if so also tagged with 'pesticide').

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is an antibacterial and antifungal agent developed by scientists in the 1930's.
Since then Sodium pyrithione (SPT) has been used to treat seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp and other skin conditions such as eczema, athlete's foot, and vitiligo, as well as psoriasis.
Because of Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is antifungal properties, it is commonly found in dandruff shampoo.

Products containing Sodium pyrithione (SPT) are available today with and without prescription, and it is the main ingredient in many overthe-counter creams, lotions, soaps, and shampoos.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) also has antibacterial properties and is effective against many pathogens from the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus genera.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is used as a broad spectrum biocide especially against fungi and gram positive and gram negative bacteria in metalworking fluids (boring and cutting oils, up to 0.5 % in the concentrate) (Olin Corporation 1989f; Tenenbaum and Opdyke 1969), in the rubber industry (Wallhäusser 1984) and paint industry (dispersion paints, 0.05 %–0.2 %) (Clayton and Clayton 1981), and in cosmetics which are rinsed off, such as shampoos and wash lotions for the skin, in concentrations of 0.5 % (Lüpke and Preusser 1978).

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is widely used preservative for water based metal working fluids and as mold and midewcide in gypsum boards.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) activity spectrum provides for control of fungal growth.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is a highly effective microbiocide even at very low usage levels.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) can be used to treat dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) also has antibacterial properties and is effective against many pathogens from the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus genera.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is other medical applications include treatments of psoriasis, eczema, ringworm, fungus, athlete's foot, dry skin, atopic dermatitis, tinea versicolor, and vitiligo.

Due to its low solubility in water (8 ppm at neutral pH), Sodium pyrithione is suitable for use in outdoor paints and other products that provide protection against mildew and algae.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is an effective algaecide.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is chemically incompatible with paints relying on metal carboxylate curing agents.

When used in latex paints with water containing a high amount of iron, a sequestering agent that will preferentially bind the iron ions is needed.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is decomposition by ultraviolet light is slow, providing years of protection even against direct sunlight.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is also used as an antibacterial treatment for household sponges, most notably by the 3M Corporation.

A process to apply Sodium pyrithione (SPT) to cotton with washable results was patented in the United States in 1984.
Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is now used to prevent microbe growth in polyester.
Textiles with applied Sodium pyrithione (SPT) protect against odor-causing microorganisms.

Safety Profile:
Poison by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes.
Moderately toxic by ingestion, subcutaneous and parenteral routes.

Sodium pyrithione (SPT) is used in preservation of cosmetics.
When heated to decomposition Sodium pyrithione (SPT) emits very toxic fumes of Na2O, NOx, and SOx.

SODIUM RAPESEEDATE N° CAS : 68440-17-5 - Huile de colza saponifiée Origine(s) : Végétale Nom INCI : SODIUM RAPESEEDATE N° EINECS/ELINCS : 270-440-8 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

Sodium pyrithone is a light-yellow liquid.
Sodium pyrithione is an effective inhibitor of microbe growth including algal, fungal (molds & yeasts) and bacterial (gram-positive & gram-negative).
Sodium pyrithone is chemical antibacterial agent, with high efficiency, broad spectrum, low toxicity, stable aqueous solution and other characteristics

CAS Number: 3811-73-2
EC Number: 223-296-5
MDL Number: MFCD01941547
Molecular Formula: C5H6NNaOS

Sodium pyrithone is also known as 2-pyridinethiol1-oxide the sodium salt, 1-hydroxy-2- (1H)-pyridinethione sodium salt, its molecular formula is C5H4NOSNa and trade name is Sodium Omadine & Natrium-Pyrion.
Sodium pyrithone is soluble in water, ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide.
Sodium pyrithone is insoluble in liquid paraffin and olive oil.

Sodium pyrithone exhibits increased efficacy against a wide variety of microorganisms found in metalworking fluid systems.
In addition to its anticipated antifungal performance, Sodium pyrithone also exhibits antibacterial efficacy.
The improved antimicrobial performance of Sodium pyrithone is not a result of combinations with formaldehyde-based condensates, phenols, or isothiazoline-based products.

Sodium pyrithone is a blend of sodium pyrithione with a potentiator, and an amine coupler.
Sodium pyrithone can eliminate the need for formulating with multiple products.
Sodium pyrithone, also known as sodium pyridoxine, sodium oxamine, sodium pyridyl, α-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide, belongs to pyridine derivative fungicides, with a yellow all-light zonged transparent liquid in appearance, a melting point of 250 ℃ and a slight characteristic smell.

Sodium pyrithone is soluble in organic solvents such as water and ethanol, solubility (in terms of mass fraction): water 53%, ethanol 19%, polyethylene glycol (PEG400)12%.
The best use pH range is 7~10, and the mass fraction is 2% aqueous solution with a pH value of 8.0.
Sodium pyrithone is unstable to light, oxidant and strong reducing agent.

Sodium pyrithone is non-ionic surfactants can cause it to be slightly inactivated, and it can undergo chelation reaction with heavy metals.
Sodium pyrithone is a fungistatic and antimicrobial derivative of aspergillic acid.
Sodium pyrithone is a biocide with a broad spectrum of activity against fungi, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Sodium pyrithione can be analyzed by this reverse phase (RP) HPLC method with simple conditions.

The mobile phase contains an acetonitrile (MeCN), water, and phosphoric acid.
For Mass-Spec (MS) compatible applications the phosphoric acid needs to be replaced with formic acid.
Smaller 3 µm particles columns available for fast UPLC applications.
Sodium pyrithone market was valued at US$ 122.8 Mn in 2020 is expected to reach US$ 159.43 Mn by the end of 2027 at a CAGR of 3.8% from 2021 to 2027.

Sodium pyrithone market demand for the Sodium Pyrithione market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3.7%, 3.3% 4.2%, and 3.5% respectively in Europe, North America, APAC, and the Middle East.
Sodium pyrithone is a broad spectrum antimicrobial designed to combat both bacteria and fungi commonly found in contaminated metalworking fluid systems.

Sodium pyrithone eliminates the need for treating systems with two separate biocides to address bacterial and fungal contamination.
Sodium pyrithone is a highly active, very effective water-soluble sodium pyrithione.
Sodium pyrithone possesses nonirritating and non-sensitizing properties.
Sodium pyrithone is a skin-cleaning agent that has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi on the skin.

The mechanism of action of Sodium pyrithone is not well understood, but it may be due to its ability to act as an intracellular calcium ion channel blocker, thereby preventing bacterial growth.
Sodium pyrithone also inhibits ATP levels by binding to the n-oxide group at the active site of ATP synthase.
This prevents ATP production and leads to cell death.

Sodium pyrithone is also called 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt.
Sodium pyrithone is transparent yellow liquid or off-white powder.
Sodium pyrithone is easily soluble in water and organic solvent, such as ethanol.
Sodium pyrithone salt can restrain and sterilize eight kinds of mold, five kinds of bacteria, and two kinds of yeast fungus: distillery yeast and bakers’ yeast.

Sodium pyrithone is apparently exists in equilibrium with the -SH form.
Sodium pyrithone forms chelates with iron, manganese, zinc, etc.
Sodium pyrithone is one of the active components in paint, sealants, shampoo, adhesive and aerosol due to its anti-microbial activity.

Sodium pyrithone is a zinc ionophore that transports zinc into cells.
Pyrithione Sodium is the sodium salt form of pyrithione, a fungistatic and antimicrobial derivative of aspergillic acid.
Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, pyrithione sodium appears to interfere with membrane transport ultimately leading to a loss of metabolic control.

In the light or in contact with weak oxidizing agents sodium pyrithione is converted to the disulfide, 2,2-pyridyl-N-oxide disulfide.
With stronger oxidizing agents or in alkaline solution (pH > 9.5) the substance is converted via a number of intermediates to the sulfonic acid; the reaction with reducing agents yields thiopyridine.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM PYRITHONE:
Sodium pyrithone can be used as an effective fungicide for fruit trees, peanuts, wheat, vegetables and other crops.
Sodium pyrithone is also an excellent silkworm disinfectant.
Sodium pyrithone can be prepared disinfectants, washing agent and medical broad-spectrum antifungal dermatological drugs and other products.

Sodium pyrithone is used for shampoo to remove dandruff.
chemical antibacterial agent has the characteristics of high efficiency, broad spectrum, low toxicity and stable aqueous solution.
The main application fields of Sodium pyrithone include: daily chemical products, adhesives, paper making, medicine, pesticides, leather products, disinfection products, etc.

Chemical research on application of Sodium pyrithone; Esterification reaction of carboxylic acid and N-oxide via decarboxylation radical chain reaction pathway
Industrial antimildew fungicide, chemical antibacterial agent.
Sodium pyrithone has the characteristics of high efficiency, broad spectrum, low toxicity, stable aqueous solution, etc.

Carbonate and this oxide will undergo decarboxylation radial chain reaction.
Sodium pyrithone can be used in metal cutting fluid, antirust fluid, latex paint, adhesive, leather products, textile products, copper board paper and other fields.
Sodium pyrithone is used in various antifungal drugs and shampoo and skin care products in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry.

Sodium pyrithone not only prevents the product from spoilage and mildew, but also relieves itching and dandruff, which is very effective.
Sodium pyrithone is used as an additive to protect paints against microbe (algal, fungal and bacterial) and crustacean growth.
Sodium pyrithone prevents metalworking fluid from deteriorating and degrading.
Sodium pyrithone can be applied to some textiles to prevent microbe growth.

Sodium pyrithione is used as a broad spectrum biocide especially against fungi and gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in metal-working fluids (boring and cutting oils) in the rubber and paint industry (dispersion paints).
Other applications of Sodium pyrithone are in the cosmetics industry for the manufacturing shampoos and wash lotions for the skin.
Sodium pyrithone is one of the active components in paint, sealants, shampoo, adhesive and aerosol due to its anti-microbial activity.

In biochemistry studies, Sodium pyrithone is utilized to transport zinc into cells.
Further, Sodium pyrithone is used to form bidentate oxothiolane chelates with transition metals.
Sodium pyrithone acts as a stabilizer and viscosity building provider in weak basic or neutral medium.

Sodium pyrithone provides broad-spectrum antimicrobial control to a variety of metalworking fluid formulations and is suitable for use in both metalworking fluid concentrates and as a post treatment additive.
The main application fields of Sodium pyrithone include: daily chemical products, adhesives, paper making, medicine, pesticides, leather products, disinfection products, etc.

Sodium pyrithone is the most effective water-soluble industrial mildew-proof preservative at present.
Sodium pyrithone has the characteristics of high efficiency, broad spectrum, low toxicity and stability.
Sodium pyrithone can be used in metal cutting fluid, antirust fluid, latex paint, adhesive, leather products, textile products, copper sheet paper and other fields.

Sodium pyrithone is also used in industrial metal cutting oil as a preservative.
Pyrithione has been used to study its efficacy in picornavirus infections.
Sodium pyrithone is used as a cosmetic preservative and it has anti-corrosion properties.
This liquid chromatography method is scalable and can be used for isolation impurities in preparative separation.

Sodium pyrithone is also suitable for pharmacokinetics.
Sodium pyrithone is currently the most effective water-soluble industrial anti-mold preservative.
Sodium pyrithone has the characteristics of high efficiency, broad spectrum, low toxicity, and stability.

Sodium pyrithone is mainly used in personal care products (shampoo and hair care products), architectural coatings, adhesives, sealants, pesticides, textiles, leather products, metalworking fluids, and other fields of anti-mildew.
Sodium pyrithone can also formulate preservatives, detergent chemicals, and broad-spectrum dermatological antifungal drugs.
In addition, Sodium pyrithone is an effective fungicide for fruit trees, peanuts, wheat, and vegetables and a preservative for silkworms.

Sodium pyrithone can be formulated as a disinfectant, detergent, and broad-spectrum antifungal dermatological drug for medical use.
Sodium pyrithone's derivative, zinc pyrithione, is a common fungicide used in daily chemicals.
Application of Sodium pyrithone: Daily chemicals, adhesive, paper making, pharmaceutical, pesticide, leather, etc.

Sodium pyrithone is used as biocide (controls slime forming bacteria and fungi) in aqueous functional fluids (metalworking, cutting, cooling, and lubricating), latex emulsions (adhesives, caulks, patching compounds, sealants, pastes, and grouts), aqueous fiber lubricants and inks, jet-printer inks, laundry rinse additives and detergents, carpet cleaners, analytical and diagnostic reagents.
Sodium pyrithone is also used as in-can preservative for water based mixtures used in making concrete (not covered in this RED)

Sodium pyrithone causes fluids to deteriorate and degrades the fluid performance; this in turn causes damage to the work piece, cutting tools and fluid handling systems.
Sodium pyrithone can also affect workers by causing foul odors, skin irritation and allergic reactions.
These problems can be reduced or eliminated through the proper use of an antimicrobial agent.

Sodium pyrithone is used as a wet-state preservative.
Sodium pyrithone possesses non-irritating and non-sensitizing properties.
Sodium pyrithone is a zero-VOC solution of the trusted antimicrobial sodium pyrithione, and can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi in a wide variety of household products in areas such laundry care, surface cleaning and aircare.

Application of Sodium pyrithone: Latex Emulsions, Paints, Adhesives, MWF, etc
Sodium pyrithone is used as a wet-state preservative against bacteria and fungus in latex paints.
Sodium pyrithone offers pronounced growth-inhibiting activity against both yeasts and molds.

Sodium pyrithone is used as a broad spectrum biocide
especially against fungi and gram positive and gram negative
bacteria in metal-working fluids, in the rubber industry and paint industry (dispersion paints, 0.05 %–0.2 %), and in cosmetics which are rinsed off, such as shampoos and wash lotions for the skin, in concentrations of 0.5 %.

Sodium pyrithone is used in combination with other antimicrobial agents, such as sodium carbonate, as a preservative in cosmetics.
Sodium pyrithone is mainly used for anti-mildew and antibacterial products in the fields of daily chemicals (shampoo and hair care products), architectural coatings, adhesives, sealants, pesticides, textiles, leather products, metal working fluids, etc.

Sodium pyrithone can also be formulated for disinfection agents, detergents and medical broad-spectrum antifungal dermatological products.
At the same time, Sodium pyrithone is also an effective fungicide and an excellent common disinfectant for fruit trees, peanuts, wheat, vegetables and other crops.
Sodium pyrithone's derivative product, zinc pyrithione, is also a commonly used fungicide for daily chemicals.

Sodium pyrithone is a preservative that is not commonly used because of some level of toxicity.
Sodium pyrithone is a bactericide for use in cooling fluids and short-term in-can preservation of vinyl acetate latex, paints, and synthetic-fiber lubricants; preservative for cosmetic rinse-off products.
In biochemistry studies, Sodium pyrithone is utilized to transport zinc into cells.

Further, Sodium pyrithone is used to form bidentate oxothiolane chelates with transition metals.
Sodium pyrithone acts as a stabilizer and viscosity building provider in weak basic or neutral medium.
Sodium pyrithone acts as labelling agent during indium-111 labelling of human platelets.
Sodium pyrithone acts as bioactive ligand and forms palladium and platinum complexes, which were tested as potential antitrypanosomal agents.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM PYRITHONE:
Sodium pyrithone belongs to pyridine derivatives fungicide, appearance is yellow full light dumpling transparent liquid, melting point 250 ℃, slightly characteristic odor.
Sodium pyrithone is soluble in water and ethanol and other organic solvents, solubility (by mass fraction): water 53%, ethanol 19%, polyethylene glycol (PECG400) 12%.
Best use pH range 7 to 10, mass fraction of 2% aqueous solution pH 8.0.
Sodium pyrithone is unstable to light, oxidizing agents and strong reducing agents.
Sodium pyrithone is non-ionic surfactants will deactivate it somewhat, and it can chelate with heavy metals.

FEATURES OF SODIUM PYRITHONE:
*Liquid solution of SPT for convenient use with low odor.
*Stable in broad temperature range.
*Effective to Bacteria and fungi at low use levels.

FUNCTIONS OF SODIUM PYRITHONE:
*Preservative:
Sodium pyrithone inhibits the development of micro-organisms in cosmetic products.

PRODUCTION OF SODIUM PYRITHONE:
reaction of 2-bromopyridine with peracetic acid to yield
2-bromopyridine oxide which is reacted with thiourea and
then converted to the sodium salt.

MECHANISM OF ACTION OF SODIUM PYRITHONE:
The mechanism of action of Sodium pyrithone is yet to be fully elucidated.
Sodium pyrithone appears to interfere with fungal cell walls, associated membranes, and bacterial transport processes.

MODE OF ACTION OF SODIUM PYRITHONE:
Sodium pyrithone is the sodium salt form of pyrithione, a fungistatic and antimicrobial derivative of aspergillic acid.
Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, pyrithione sodium appears to interfere with membrane transport ultimately leading to a loss of metabolic control.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM PYRITHONE:
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: dark brown
Odor: Stench.
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 109 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid,gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: 250 °C
pH: 8,5 - 10,5 at 40 g/l at 25 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: < 0,001
Vapor pressure: 25 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1,220 g/cm3
Relative density: No data available

Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Melting point: -25 °C
Boiling point: 109 °C
Density: 1.22
vapor pressure: 0-0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4825
storage temp.: Hygroscopic, -20°C Freezer, Under inert atmosphere
solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, faintly yellow
form: Solution
color: very deep brown
Water Solubility: 54.7 g/100 mL
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: 334nm(H2O)(lit.)
Merck: 14,7994
BRN: 4026050
LogP: -2.38 at 20℃ and pH7
Surface tension: 65.013-72.6mN/m at 1-1.02g/L and 20-20.1℃

Molecular Weight: 149.15
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 148.99112921
Monoisotopic Mass: 148.99112921
Topological Polar Surface Area: 58.4 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge:0
Complexity: 166
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Water Solubility: 6.45 mg/mL
logP: -0.28
logP: 0.2
logS: -1.4
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 6.84
pKa (Strongest Basic): 0.66
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 26.94 Å2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Refractivity: 31.64 m3·mol-1
Polarizability: 11.91 Å3
Number of Rings: 1
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No

Molecular Formula: C5H6NNaOS
Molar Mass: 151.16
Density: 1.22
Melting Point: -25 °C
Boling Point: 109 °C
Water Solubility: 54.7 g/100 mL
Solubility: H2O: 0.1M at20°C, clear, faintly yellow
Vapor Presure: 0-0Pa at 25℃
Appearance: Transparent solution
Color: very deep brown
Maximum wavelength(λmax): ['334nm(H2O)(lit.)']
Merck: 14,7994
BRN: 4026050
Storage Condition: Hygroscopic, -20°C Freezer,
Under inert atmosphere
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Refractive Index: 1.4825
MDL: MFCD01941547
Physical and Chemical Properties: Density 1.22
melting point: -25-30°C
boiling point: 109°C
water solubility: 54.7g/100 mL

Molecular Weight: 149.16
Pharmaceutical grade (solid)
Appearance: White or off-white powder
Solubility: Easily soluble in water, ethyl alcohol and organic solvents
pH (10% aqueous solution): 8-9
Drying Loss: ≤5%
Content: 98~102%
Technical Grade (liquid)
Appearance: Dark yellow or amber transparent liquid
pH: 8.5-10.5
Specific Weight: 1.19-1.26
Content: 40~41%
Stability: On content change for 2 years if kept in shading place
Molecular formula: C5H4NOSNa
Molecular weight: 149.2
Melting point: 252–257°C (decomposes)
Density at 25°C: 1.167 gm/cm3
Solubility (g/100 g at 25°C): water (53)
ethanol (19)
propylene glycol (13)
polyethylene glycol 400 (12)
dimethyl sulfoxide (17)
liquid paraffin (< 0.0001)
olive oil (< 0.0005)

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM PYRITHONE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM PYRITHONE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM PYRITHONE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM PYRITHONE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM PYRITHONE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.
Hygroscopic

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM PYRITHONE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

SYNONYMS:
Sodium pyrithione
PYRITHIONE SODIUM
15922-78-8
Omadine sodium
Sodium Omadine
3811-73-2
Omacide 24
Pyrithione sodium [USAN]
AL02725
1-oxidopyridine-2-thione
2(1H)-Pyridinethione, 1-hydroxy-, sodium salt
Sodium 2-thioxopyridin-1(2H)-olate
Tomicide s
1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione, sodium salt
Omadine-sodium
Caswell No. 790A
Pyrithione sodium (USAN)
Topcide 280
SODIUM SALT OF 1-HYDROXY 2(1H)-PYRIDINE THIONE
Sodium 2-sulfidopyridine 1-oxide
NSC-4483
Sodium 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide
Sodium 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione
AL-02725
EINECS 240-062-8
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 088004
SQ 3277
1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethionato sodium
Sodium omadine (TN)
Sodium Pyrithione 40% FPS
Sel de sodium de 1-hydroxy-2 (1H)-pyridinethione
SCHEMBL271923
CHEMBL2105351
DTXSID6034920
KKopsanop3380-34-5thione Na
2-mercaptopyridinen-oxidesodiumsalt
AKOS015891512
1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione sodium salt
FT-0612772
FT-0649466
D05662
Sodium Pyrithione
1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione sodium salt
2-Mercaptopyridine-1-oxide sodium salt
Pyrithione sodium salt
1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione sodium salt
Sodi
1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydropyridine-2-thione sodium salt
2-Mercaptopyridine-N-Oxide,Sodium Salt
1-hydroxy-1H-pyridine-2-thione sodium salt
NaPT
2-Pyridinethiol-1-oxide sodium salt
Sodium pyrithione(NaPT)
N-Hydroxypyridinethione Sodium Salt
thione(reagent)
2-Mercaptopyridine N-Oxide Sodium Sal
PYRITHIONE SODIUM
Sodium pyrithion
15922-78-8
Pyrithione sodium
1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethionato sodium
1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione, sodium salt
AL02725
Omacide 24
Omadine-sodium
SQ 3277
Sodium 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione
Sodium 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide
Sodium Omadine
Sodium pyrithione
2(1H)-Pyridinethione, 1-hydroxy-, sodium
3811-73-2
2-Pyridinethiol, 1-oxide, sodium salt
Sodium (2-pyridylthio)-N-oxide
Sodium pyrithione
(1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione), sodium salt
(1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione), sodium salt, tech.
1-Oxo-2-pyridinethiol sodium salt
2-Mercaptopyridine 1-oxide sodium salt
2-Mercaptopyridine oxide sodium salt
2-Mercaptopyridine-N-oxide sodium salt
2-Pyridinethiol N-oxide sodium salt
2-Pyridinethiol-1-oxide sodium salt
Omadine sodium
Sodium (2-pyridylthio)-N-oxide
Sodium 2-mercaptopyridine 1-oxide
Sodium 2-pyridinethiol 1-oxide
Sodium 2-pyridinethiol N-oxide
Sodium 2-pyridinethiolate 1-oxide
Sodium omadine (VAN)
Sodium, (2-pyridinylthio)-, N-oxide
Thione
Sodium omadine
Sodium Pyrithione
2-Mercaptopyridine-N-oxide sodium salt
NaPT
sodium pyridine-2-thiolate 1-oxide
2-thioxopyridin-1(2H)-olate
2-pyridinethiol, 1-oxide, sodium salt (1:1)
2-Pyridinethiol, 1-oxide
sodium salt
1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione), sodium salt
1-Oxo-2-pyridinethiol sodium salt
2-Mercaptopyridine 1-oxide sodium salt
2-Mercaptopyridine oxide sodium salt
2-Mercaptopyridine-N-oxide sodium salt
2-Pyridinethiol N-oxide sodium salt
2-Pyridinethiol, 1-oxide, sodium salt
SPT
NaPT
Sodium omadine
SODIUM OMADINE
Sodium Pyrithione
PYRITHIONE SODIUM
SODIUM PYRITHIONE
PYRITHIONE SODIUM SALT
2-thioxopyridin-1(2H)-olate
SODIUM-2-PYRIDINETHIOL-1-OXIDE
Sodium-2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide
sodium pyridine-2-thiolate 1-oxide
N-HYDROXYPYRIDINETHIONE SODIUM SALT
2-Mercaptopyridine-N-oxide sodium salt
N-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione sodium salt
SODIUM PYRIDINE-2-THIOLATE 1-OXIDE HYDRATE
Sodium Pyrithione
1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione sodium salt
2-Mercaptopyridine-1-oxide sodium salt
Pyrithione sodium salt
1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione sodium salt
Sodi
1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydropyridine-2-thione sodium salt
2-Mercaptopyridine-N-Oxide,Sodium Salt
1-hydroxy-1H-pyridine-2-thione sodium salt
NaPT
2-Pyridinethiol-1-oxide sodium salt
Sodium pyrithione(NaPT)
N-Hydroxypyridinethione Sodium Salt
thione(reagent)
2-Mercaptopyridine N-Oxide Sodium Salt
PYRITHIONE SODIUM
Sodium pyrithion
3811-73-2
223-296-5
1-HYDROXY-2(1H)-PYRIDINETHIONE, SODIUM SALT
2(1H)-PYRIDINETHIONE, 1-HYDROXY-, SODIUM SALT
2(1H)-PYRIDINETHIONE, 1-HYDROXY-, SODIUM SALT (1:1)
2-PYRIDINETHIOL, 1-OXIDE, SODIUM SALT (1:1)
2-PYRIDINETHIOL-1-OXIDE, SODIUM SALT
AL-02725
AL02725
NSC-4483
OMACIDE 24
OMADINE SODIUM
PYRITHIONE SODIUM SALT
PYRITHIONE SODIUM [USAN]
SODIUM OMADINE
SODIUM PYRITHIONE
SODIUM PYRITHIONE [INCI]
SODIUM SALT OF 1-HYDROXY 2(1H)-PYRIDINE THIONE
TOMICIDE S
TOPCIDE 280
PYRITHIONE SODIUM [WHO-DD]

Sodium pyrithone 40%, also known as sodium omadine, is a chemical compound used primarily as an antimicrobial agent and preservative.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is often employed in personal care products, such as shampoos and other hair care formulations, to control the growth of fungi and bacteria.

CAS Number: 3811-73-2
EC Number (EINECS): 223-296-5

Sodium pyrithione, 3811-73-2, Sodium omadine, Pyrithione sodium, Sodium pyrithionate, Sodium 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, 2-Mercaptopyridine-N-oxide sodium salt, Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione, 1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione sodium salt, Sodium 2-pyridylthion N-oxide, Sodium pyridinethiol-1-oxide, Sodium pyrithione, 3811-73-2, Sodium omadine, Pyrithione sodium, Sodium pyrithionate, Sodium 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, 2-Mercaptopyridine-N-oxide sodium salt, Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione, 1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione sodium salt, Sodium 2-pyridylthion N-oxide, Sodium pyridinethiol-1-oxide, Omadine sodium, 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione sodium salt, Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione, Sodium 2(1H)-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, Sodium 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione, 2-Pyridinethiol-1-oxide sodium salt, Sodium 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide, 2-Pyridylthion N-oxide sodium salt, 2(1H)-Pyridinethione, 1-hydroxy-, sodium salt, Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-pyridinethione, Sodium 2-pyridylmercaptide N-oxide, Pyrithione sodium salt, Sodium 2-pyridylthiol-1-oxide

APPLICATIONS

Sodium pyrithone 40% finds widespread use in personal care products, particularly in anti-dandruff shampoos and scalp treatments.
Its antimicrobial properties make sodium pyrithione a key ingredient in medicated shampoos targeting various scalp conditions.

Sodium pyrithone 40% is employed in the formulation of soaps, body washes, and facial cleansers to control bacteria on the skin.
In the cosmetics industry, sodium pyrithione is utilized in deodorants to combat odor-causing bacteria.

Sodium pyrithone 40% plays a crucial role in the preservation of water-based paints and coatings, preventing microbial growth and spoilage.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is an effective component in industrial water treatment formulations, ensuring microbial control in water systems.
Sodium pyrithone 40% contributes to the preservation of adhesives, protecting them from microbial degradation during storage.

In the textile industry, sodium pyrithione imparts antimicrobial properties to fabrics, preventing the growth of odor-causing microorganisms.
Antifouling paints for marine applications often incorporate sodium pyrithione to deter the growth of algae and barnacles.

Sodium pyrithone 40% is utilized in the agricultural sector as a biocide to protect crops from fungal and bacterial infections.
Sodium pyrithone 40% serves as an active ingredient in household cleaning products, providing antimicrobial efficacy in surface disinfectants.

Sodium pyrithone 40% is employed in the manufacturing of antifungal and antibacterial coatings for medical devices.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is utilized in the creation of preservatives for water-based formulations, extending product shelf life.
Sodium pyrithone 40% contributes to the formulation of antimicrobial agents in cutting fluids used in metalworking processes.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is incorporated into the production of water-based inks to prevent microbial contamination in printing applications.

In the construction industry, sodium pyrithione is used in the formulation of antimicrobial coatings for building materials.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is effective in the preservation of emulsion-based paints, ensuring microbial stability during storage.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is a valuable component in water-based lubricants, preventing microbial degradation in machinery applications.
Sodium pyrithone 40% finds application in the creation of formaldehyde-free easy-care finishing agents for textiles in the textile processing industry.

Sodium pyrithone 40% is utilized in the manufacturing of contact lens solutions to ensure disinfection and lens hygiene.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is incorporated into the production of antifreeze solutions in industrial processes, providing microbial control.
Sodium pyrithone 40% contributes to the formulation of preservatives for water-based adhesives used in woodworking.

Sodium pyrithone 40% is applied in the formulation of antimicrobial shower curtains and liners to inhibit mold and bacteria growth.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is used in the creation of plant protection products for horticulture, controlling fungal and bacterial infections.
The stability of Sodium pyrithone 40% makes it suitable for applications in emulsion-based personal care and cosmetic products.

Sodium pyrithone 40% is a crucial ingredient in the production of anti-mold coatings for construction materials, preventing fungal growth on surfaces.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is used in the formulation of antibacterial solutions for wound care and medical disinfection.

Sodium pyrithone 40% is employed in the creation of antimicrobial treatments for wood, protecting it from decay and mold.
In the leather industry, Sodium pyrithone 40% is utilized in the preservation of leather goods, preventing bacterial and fungal deterioration.

Sodium pyrithone 40% is a key component in the formulation of antimicrobial agents for water-based coolants in metal cutting processes.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is used in the development of preservatives for water-based hydraulic fluids, ensuring microbial stability.

Sodium pyrithone 40% plays a role in the creation of antiseptic solutions for veterinary applications, contributing to animal health.
In the food industry, Sodium pyrithone 40% is employed in sanitizing solutions for food contact surfaces, ensuring hygiene.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is utilized in the formulation of antimicrobial coatings for air filtration systems, preventing microbial contamination.
Sodium pyrithone 40% finds application in the creation of preservatives for water-based lubricating oils, ensuring product integrity.

Sodium pyrithone 40% contributes to the development of antimicrobial treatments for air conditioning and ventilation systems.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is used in the production of preservatives for water-based metalworking fluids, preventing microbial degradation.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is incorporated into the formulation of antifungal solutions for the treatment of wood and wooden structures.
In the oil and gas industry, Sodium pyrithone 40% finds use in water-based drilling fluids to control microbial growth in drilling operations.

Sodium pyrithone 40% is employed in the formulation of biocides for the preservation of water-based hydraulic fluids in industrial machinery.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is utilized in the creation of antimicrobial coatings for ship hulls, preventing marine biofouling.
In the paper and pulp industry, Sodium pyrithone 40% is used in the formulation of preservatives for water-based paper coatings.
Sodium pyrithone 40% contributes to the development of antifungal treatments for the protection of stored grains and seeds.

Sodium pyrithone 40% is employed in the creation of preservatives for water-based fire-resistant fluids, ensuring stability.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is used in the formulation of antimicrobial treatments for swimming pool water, preventing bacterial and fungal contamination.
Sodium pyrithone 40% finds application in the production of antimicrobial treatments for cooling tower water systems.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is utilized in the creation of preservatives for water-based cutting fluids in metalworking operations.

Sodium pyrithone 40% plays a role in the formulation of antifungal agents for the protection of wooden utility poles.
In the cosmetic industry, Sodium pyrithone 40% is incorporated into formulations for acne treatments and skincare products.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is used in the production of antimicrobial coatings for air filters, ensuring clean air in various environments.

Sodium pyrithone 40% is incorporated into the formulation of antimicrobial solutions for veterinary hygiene, safeguarding animal health.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is used in the creation of preservatives for water-based cutting fluids in precision machining processes.
Sodium pyrithone 40% plays a role in the development of antimicrobial coatings for medical equipment, ensuring sterility.

In the agriculture sector, Sodium pyrithone 40% is applied in the formulation of plant protection products, protecting crops from microbial threats.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is employed in the creation of preservatives for water-based hydraulic fluids in heavy machinery.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is utilized in the production of antifungal treatments for the protection of wooden fences and structures.

Sodium pyrithone 40% contributes to the formulation of antimicrobial coatings for air purification systems, maintaining clean indoor air.
Sodium pyrithone 40% finds application in the creation of antiseptic solutions for poultry farms, promoting animal well-being.

Sodium pyrithone 40% is incorporated into the formulation of preservatives for water-based metal coatings, preventing corrosion.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is used in the development of antimicrobial treatments for industrial cooling water systems, preventing bacterial growth.

In the manufacturing of household disinfectants, Sodium pyrithone 40% provides effective microbial control on various surfaces.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is applied in the creation of preservatives for water-based insecticides, ensuring product stability.

Sodium pyrithone 40% plays a role in the development of antifungal solutions for the treatment of wooden furniture.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is utilized in the formulation of antimicrobial coatings for filtration membranes in water treatment plants.

Sodium pyrithone 40% contributes to the creation of antiseptic solutions for the dairy industry, ensuring the quality of dairy products.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is applied in the production of preservatives for water-based fire-retardant coatings, preventing microbial degradation.

In the formulation of biocides for swimming pool water, Sodium pyrithone 40% provides effective control against algae and bacteria.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is used in the creation of antifungal treatments for the protection of wooden boats and marine structures.

Sodium pyrithone 40% plays a role in the development of antimicrobial coatings for medical textiles, ensuring infection control.
In the formulation of preservatives for water-based lubricating greases, it helps maintain product stability.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is incorporated into the creation of antifungal solutions for the treatment of wooden decks and outdoor structures.

Sodium pyrithone 40% is utilized in the production of antimicrobial coatings for air curtains, maintaining clean environments.
Sodium pyrithone 40% contributes to the formulation of preservatives for water-based concrete sealers, preventing microbial deterioration.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is used in the development of antifungal treatments for the preservation of historical wooden artifacts.
Sodium pyrithone 40% plays a crucial role in the creation of antiseptic solutions for the agricultural sector, ensuring crop health.

DESCRIPTION

Sodium pyrithone 40%, also known as sodium omadine, is a chemical compound used primarily as an antimicrobial agent and preservative.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is often employed in personal care products, such as shampoos and other hair care formulations, to control the growth of fungi and bacteria.

The chemical formula for Sodium pyrithone 40% is C5H4NOSNa, and it is derived from pyrithione, a coordination complex of zinc.
The "40%" in "Sodium pyrithione 40%" typically refers to the concentration of the active ingredient in the formulation, indicating that the product contains 40% sodium pyrithione and the rest is composed of other ingredients and a carrier (often water or another solvent).

Sodium pyrithione, with its chemical formula NaC5H4NOS, is a versatile and effective antimicrobial agent.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is a white, crystalline powder, contributing to its ease of handling and incorporation into various formulations.
Sodium pyrithone 40% exhibits potent fungicidal and bactericidal properties, making it a key ingredient in antimicrobial products.

Known for its broad-spectrum activity, Sodium pyrithone 40% is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is soluble in water, allowing for its easy incorporation into aqueous formulations such as shampoos and soaps.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is often utilized in personal care products to control the growth of fungi and bacteria on the skin and scalp.

In addition to its antimicrobial properties, Sodium pyrithone 40% possesses anti-dandruff and anti-itching effects, making it valuable in hair care formulations.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is stable under normal storage conditions, providing a reliable shelf life for products containing it.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is commonly employed in the formulation of medicated shampoos to address various scalp conditions.
Due to its stability, Sodium pyrithone 40% can be used in leave-on formulations, offering prolonged antimicrobial protection.

Sodium pyrithone 40%'s mechanism of action involves interfering with the energy production of microbial cells, leading to their demise.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is employed in industrial applications, such as in the preservation of paints and coatings.

Its ability to inhibit the growth of algae and fungi makes it valuable in the protection of water-based systems.
In water treatment, Sodium pyrithone 40% aids in controlling microbial contamination, ensuring the quality of water.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is known by various trade names, reflecting its presence in diverse consumer and industrial products.

Sodium pyrithone 40% is a key player in the fight against malodors, making it a common ingredient in deodorant formulations.
Its safety profile allows for its use in cosmetic and personal care products at regulated concentrations.

Sodium pyrithone 40% is compatible with a range of formulations, including shampoos, body washes, and creams.
Sodium pyrithone 40% is effective at low concentrations, optimizing its antimicrobial impact while minimizing potential side effects.

Sodium pyrithone 40% has been studied for its efficacy in treating various dermatological conditions, showcasing its therapeutic potential.
When incorporated into textiles, it imparts antimicrobial properties to fabrics, contributing to odor control in clothing.
Sodium pyrithone 40% has been used in the preservation of adhesives, preventing microbial degradation and ensuring product integrity.

Sodium pyrithone 40%'s use in the agricultural sector aids in protecting crops from fungal and bacterial infections.
In the realm of consumer goods, Sodium pyrithone 40% is a valuable ingredient in household cleaning products for its antimicrobial prowess.
Sodium pyrithone 40%'s multifaceted applications highlight its importance in maintaining hygiene and microbial control across diverse industries.

PROPERTIES

Chemical Formula: NaC5H4NOS
Molecular Weight: 149.15 g/mol
Melting point: -25 °C
Boiling point: 109 °C
Density: 1.22
vapor pressure: 0-0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4825
storage temp.: Hygroscopic, -20°C Freezer, Under inert atmosphere
solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, faintly yellow
form: Solution
color: very deep brown
Water Solubility: 54.7 g/100 mL

FIRST AID

Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
Provide artificial respiration if the person is not breathing, and administer oxygen if available.

Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Rinse the affected skin area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness persists, seek medical attention.
Wash contaminated clothing thoroughly before reuse.

Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses if easily removable.
If eye irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
If the person is conscious, provide small sips of water.
Seek immediate medical attention.

General First Aid Measures:

If a person is unconscious, not breathing, or experiencing severe symptoms, call emergency services immediately.
Provide first aid based on the specific symptoms observed.
Keep the affected person warm and calm.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention.

Notes for Medical Personnel:

Provide the SDS or product information to medical personnel.
Treatment should be based on the nature and severity of the symptoms.
Supportive care, including respiratory support, may be necessary in severe cases.

Important Information:

Never administer anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Always follow workplace protocols and regulations for chemical exposure.
Seek medical attention even for mild symptoms or uncertainty regarding exposure.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing, to minimize skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection if handling the product in an area with inadequate ventilation.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.
Avoid breathing dust or mist generated during handling.

Avoidance of Contamination:
Prevent contamination of the product by using clean tools and equipment.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the chemical.

Handling Precautions:
Follow good industrial hygiene practices.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
In case of a spill, contain the material and absorb it with an inert absorbent.
Clean up the spill area thoroughly, following local regulations for waste disposal.

Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store sodium pyrithione in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
Keep containers tightly closed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.
Store away from incompatible materials.

Temperature Control:
Maintain storage temperatures within the specified range provided by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, as it may affect product stability.

Ventilation:
Ensure storage areas are well-ventilated to prevent the accumulation of vapors.

Segregation:
Store sodium pyrithione away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, strong bases, and reducing agents.

Storage Containers:
Use suitable containers made of materials compatible with sodium pyrithione.
Check containers for leaks or damage regularly.

Handling of Packages:
Handle packages carefully to prevent damage and leakage.
Follow all labeling and packaging instructions provided by the manufacturer.

Fire Prevention:
Keep sodium pyrithione away from open flames, sparks, or ignition sources.
Store away from combustible materials.

Special Considerations:
Check local regulations for any specific requirements related to the storage of sodium pyrithione.
Follow any additional guidelines provided by the manufacturer or regulatory authorities.

Emergency Measures:

Emergency Procedures:
Familiarize personnel with emergency procedures, including spill response and evacuation plans.
Have emergency response equipment, such as spill kits and fire extinguishers, readily available.

Emergency Contact Information:
Display emergency contact information, including local poison control centers and medical facilities.

SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE = TSPP (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE) = E450 = TETRASODIUM DIPHOSPHATE

CAS Number: 7722-88-5
EC Number: 231-767-1
Chemical formula: Na4O7P2

Sodium pyrophosphate appears as odorless, white powder or granules.
Sodium pyrophosphate's melting point is 995 °C.
Sodium pyrophosphate's density is 2.53 g/cm3.
Solubility of Sodium pyrophosphate in water: 3.16 g/100 mL (cold water); 40.26 g/100 mL boiling water.

Sodium pyrophosphate is an inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations.
More commonly known as Sodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.
Sodium pyrophosphate has a role as a food emulsifier, a chelator and a food thickening agent.

Sodium pyrophosphate contains a diphosphate(4-).
Sodium pyrophosphate also known is the decahydrate Na4P2O7 10(H2O).
Several pyrophosphate salts exist, like disodium pyrophosphate (Na2H2P2O7) and Sodium pyrophosphate.
Sodium pyrophosphate can be formed by molecular dehydration of dibasic sodium phosphate at 500 °C (932 °F).

Sodium pyrophosphate is a white powdered chemical found in detergents.
Sodium pyrophosphate is aproximately twice the toxicity level of common table salt.
Sodium pyrophosphate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.

Sodium pyrophosphate's Density is 2.53 g cm-3.
Sodium pyrophosphate is basic.
Food grade Sodium pyrophosphate is a colorless to white crystal, crystalline powder or granule.
Sodium pyrophosphate belongs to phosphate category.

TSPP, Sodium Pyrophosphate, or Tetrasodium Diphosphate – is a white crystalline powder with a molecular formula of Na4P2O7.
Sodium pyrophosphate is a sodium salt and is derived from its carbonate and phosphates, such as tkpp.
Loses Sodium pyrophosphate's water when heated to 93.8°C.

Sodium pyrophosphate, also known as Sodium Pyro phosphate, Tetra sodium phosphate or TSPP, is achemical compound composed of pyrophosphate and sodium ions.
Sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate (Na4P2O7 0H2O) occurs as colorless transparent crystals.
Sodium pyrophosphate is Colourless or white crystals, or a white crystalline or granular powder; the decahydrate effloresces slightly in dry air.

Sodium pyrophosphate appears as a white powder or odorless, colorless, and transparent crystal.
Besides, Sodium pyrophosphate is produced by the reaction of sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) to form disodium phosphate (Na₂HPO₄), which is then further heated at a certain temperature (450 °C) to produce tetrasodium pyrophosphate.

Sodium pyrophosphate, E450, CAS no.7722-88-5, white powder or granular, also called sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium phosphate or TSodium pyrophosphate, manufacturing process from Disodium Phosphate.
Sodium pyrophosphate, also called sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium phosphate or TSPP, is an inorganic compound with the formula Na4P2O7.
Sodium pyrophosphate is an odorless, white powder or granules.

Also, Sodium pyrophosphate is a water-soluble solid, and this salt is composed of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium pyrophosphate is composed of pyrophosphate anion and sodium ions.
Sodium pyrophosphate Anhydrous also known as Anhydrous
Sodium pyrophosphate , also called sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium phosphate or TSPP, is an inorganic compound with the formula Na4P2O7.

Sodium pyrophosphate improves the ability of different detergent components to pervade deeper into the fibers of clothes, as well as other surfaces and materials to be cleaned.
Sodium pyrophosphate is a white crystalline powder or colourless crystals with the formula Na4P2O7.
As a salt, Sodium pyrophosphate is a white, water-soluble solid.

Sodium pyrophosphate is Odorless, white powder or granules.
Sodium pyrophosphate is Odorless, white powder or granules. Mp: 995°C.
Sodium pyrophosphate, also called sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium phosphate or TSPP, is an inorganic compound with the formula Na4P2O7.
Sodium pyrophosphate also known is the decahydrate Na4P2O7 · 10(H2O).

Sodium pyrophosphate is a solid white inorganic compound that is water soluble.
Sodium pyrophosphate is odourless, white powder or granules, which comes in different grades.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a wool de-fatting agent, in bleaching operations, as a food additive.
Sodium pyrophosphate is gluten free and vegan.

Sodium pyrophosphate is a colorless transparent crystalline chemical compound containing the pyrophosphate ion and sodium cation.
Sodium pyrophosphate, also called sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium phosphate or TSPP, is an inorganic compound with the formula Na4P2O7.
Sodium pyrophosphate is a salt composed of pyrophosphate and sodium ions.

Sodium pyrophosphate is produced by the reaction of sodium carbonate with phosphorus grade phosphoric acid to form disodium phosphate, and then heated to 450 °C to form tetrasodium pyrophosphate.
Sodium pyrophosphate is soluble in water and insoluble in ammonia and alcohol.
Sodium pyrophosphate contains the pyrophosphate ion and sodium cation.

Also, Sodium pyrophosphate has a density of 2.534 g/cm3, molecular weight or molar mass of 265.900 g/mol, and a melting point of 988 °C.
Interestingly, pyrophosphate anion is often called diphosphates due to two phosphorus atoms.
Sodium pyrophosphate is a salt composed of pyrophosphate anions and sodium ions.
Sodium pyrophosphate, the sodium salt of pyrophosphoric acid, is a food additive with a chemical formula of Na4P2O7.

Sodium pyrophosphate is an inorganic compound composed of sodium, phosphorus, and oxygen atoms.
Sodium pyrophosphate's chemical formula is Na4P2O7 * 10 H2O.
Sodium pyrophosphate, also called tetrasodium disphosphate or sodium pyrophosphate, is a synthetic ingredient that can be used as an acid regulator, sequestrant, protein modifier, coagulant, and a dispersing agent in food with the European food additive number E450(iii).

It is recommended that Sodium pyrophosphate should be used at a concentration of 5 to 20%.
Food grade Sodium pyrophosphate exists as two forms, and follows the corresponding chemical formula:
Sodium pyrophosphate Anhydrous: Na4P2O7
Sodium pyrophosphate Decahydrate: Na4P2O7 · 10H2O

Sodium pyrophosphate, Anhydrous (TSPP) Granular & Powder is an anhydrous, white, crystalline material in powder form.
Sodium pyrophosphate reacts exothermically with acids.
Sodium pyrophosphate is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Sodium pyrophosphate composed of pyrophosphate anion and sodium ions.

As a salt, Sodium pyrophosphate is a white, water-soluble solid.
Sodium pyrophosphate's Solubility in water: 3.16 g / 100 mL (cold water); 40.26 g / 100 mL boiling water.
Sodium pyrophosphate decomposes in ethyl alcohol.
Sodium pyrophosphate appears as odorless, colorless, white powder or granules.

Sodium pyrophosphate is most commonly produced by the reaction of phosphoric acid with sodium carbonate to form disodium phosphate, which is then heated to 450 °C to form tetrasodium pyrophosphate.
Sodium pyrophosphate has low solubility in water and is insoluble in alcohol.
Sodium pyrophosphate can be produced by the neutralization of phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide with mol proportions of 2:1.

Sodium pyrophosphate is composed of pyrophosphate anion and sodium ions.
Sodium pyrophosphate, also known as sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium phosphate or TSPP, is a colorless transparent crystalline chemical compound with the formula Na4P2O7.
Indeed, Sodium pyrophosphate is an ionic compound containing sodium cations (Na+) and pyrophosphates (P2O74-) anion in a 4:1 ratio.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE:
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a wool de-fatting agent, in bleaching operations, as a food additive.

Common foods containing Sodium pyrophosphate include chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives and cat foods and cat treats where it is used as a palatability enhancer.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used in the food industry as an emulsifier, buffer, chelating agent, gelling agent, and stabilizer.
Sodium pyrophosphate, also called tetrabasic pyrophosphate or TSPP, is used in the laboratory as a buffering agent.

Sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate has shown to be useful in the preparation of an EDTA-sodium pyrophosphate extraction buffer for microcystin analysis of soil samples.
Sodium pyrophosphate functions as a sequestering, clarifying, buffering agent and water softener.
Sodium pyrophosphate also acts as an emulsifier, pH buffer and dough conditioner.

Finally, Sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate can be used as a thickening agent in puddings and tartar control agent in toothpaste. Sodium pyrophosphate dibasic, also called disodium pyrophosphate or DSPP (sc-251047), has been used as a chelating agent in antimicrobial studies.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used Buffering Agents, Food & Beverage, Food Additives, Household, Industrial & Institutional Chemicals, Thickening Agents, Detergents, Emulsifiers

In toothpaste and dental floss, Sodium pyrophosphate acts as a tartar control agent, serving to remove calcium and magnesiumfrom saliva and thus preventing them from being deposited on teeth.
Common foods containing Sodium pyrophosphate are used where it is used as chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crabmeat, imitation crab, canned tuna and soy-based meat alternatives, and as cat food and cat breeding.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used as an inorganic stabilizer in textiles.
Sodium pyrophosphate sequesters iron in potato products to prevent after-cooking blackening and to stabilize color.
Common foods containing Sodium pyrophosphate include chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives and cat foods and cat treats where it is used as a palatability enhancer.

Tooth paste: Since they remove Ca and Mg ions from saliva, they do not stay on the teeth so they are used as buffer in toothpastes.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used As a constituent of emulsifying-salt blends used in the manufacturing of processed cheese.
Sodium pyrophosphate's largest use is as a textile-treating agent followed by a fixing agent for photography, the starting material for some dyes and paints

Sodium pyrophosphate also meets the EPA Lead and Copper rule which means it is also used frequently in corrosion prevention.
Sodium pyrophosphate, also called sodium pyrophosphate is used in the laboratory as a buffering agent.
Sodium pyrophosphate is also used as a food additive in common foods such as chicken nuggets, crab meat and canned tuna.
In Other Industries: Sodium pyrophosphate can be used as detergents in textile to reduce water hardness; in metal surface processing to remove rust.

Sodium pyrophosphate is generally employed as a detergent in various industries.
Common foods containing sodium pyrophosphate include chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives and cat foods and cat treats where Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a palatability enhancer.
Sodium pyrophosphate prevents crystal formation in tuna.

Sodium pyrophosphate is also termed sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, and tspp.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used As a water softener; as a metal cleaner; as a dispersing and emulsifying agent.
Release to the environment of Sodium pyrophosphate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in the production of articles and in processing aids at industrial sites.

Sodium pyrophosphate also called Sodium pyrophosphate is used in many applications as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, a thickening agent, general sequestering agent, chelating agent in antimicrobial studies, and in the food industry as a nutrient, dietary supplement and texturier in food additive.
Sodium pyrophosphate has excellent applications in rust removal, ink erasers, and electrodeposition on metals.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used in chicken nuggets, marshmallows, cheese, cakes, ice cream, pastries, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used In canned food: dissolving protein to improve absorbability.
In Beverage: Sodium pyrophosphate can be used as dispersing agent in beverage.

Sodium pyrophosphate is sometimes used in household detergents to prevent similar deposition on clothing, but due to its phosphate content Sodium pyrophosphate causes eutrophication of water, promoting algae growth.
Sodium pyrophosphate is commonly used as a pH regulator, meat conditioner in recipes.
Finally, Sodium pyrophosphate can be used as a thickening agent in puddings and as a control agent in toothpaste.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used in toothbrush solutions before brushing to help reduce plaque.
Sodium pyrophosphate is also used with other phosphates (such as sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium pyrophosphate) in seafood to increase water retention.
Sodium pyrophosphate functions as a coagulant, emulsifier, and sequestrant.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used in meat products to increase shelf life and color, as an emulsifier in dairy and in the food industry to cause swelling and maintain puffiness.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used in commercial dental rinses before brushing to aid in plaque reduction.

In toothpaste and dental floss, Sodium pyrophosphate acts as a tartar control agent, removing calcium and magnesium from saliva, thereby preventing it from depositing on the teeth.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a water softener in detergents, as an emulsifier to suspend oils and to prevent re-deposition on laundry during washing.

Granular Sodium pyrophosphate helps to buffer the pH of the processed cheese and interacts with milk proteins to promote emulsification.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.
Orally the main purpose of Sodium pyrophosphate is to prevent the formation of calculus by reducing the deposition of calcium and magnesium on teeth.
Thus Sodium pyrophosphate is commonly used as the anticalculus component of many tartar-control toothpastes and mouth rinse.

Disodium pyrophosphate also has the same function.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used Flavoured milk, Buttermilk, Cheese slices, Whipped toppings, Instant puddings, No-bake cheesecakes, Egg yolk products, Sausages,Restructured poultry
In solutions for the immersion treatment of seafoods to control yields and modify texture.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used: Buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, a thickening agent, a food additive, and a tartar control agent
This can help with magnesium hardness, scale control, sequestering, and red and black water control.
Sodium pyrophosphate is primarily used as a food additive but also has a wide range of applications such as an emulsifier, thickening agent, buffering agent and dispersing agent.

Sodium pyrophosphate has been shown to be useful in the preparation of an EDTA-sodium pyrophosphate extraction buffer for microcystin analysis of soil samples.
In Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry: Sodium pyrophosphate can be used in Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry products, such as in cat food and pet food.

Sodium pyrophosphate is widely used as an emulsifier, buffering agent, water retaining agent, wool de-fatting agent, thickener, detergent builder, dispersant, and food additive in food production, beverage, pharmaceutical process, cosmetics, agriculture, water treatment, several animal feed, poultry products, oil well drilling, higher agriculture grade fertilizers, and other industries.
Sodium pyrophosphate is widely used as an emulsifying salt (ES) in process cheese.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a dispersant in malted milk and chocolate drink powders.
Sodium pyrophosphate is a thickening agent and emulsifier.
Sodium pyrophosphate is commonly applied in chicken nuggets, canned tuna, imitation crab meat, pudding, marshmallows, and soy-based meat alternatives.

Other release to the environment of Sodium pyrophosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Sodium pyrophosphate is also used as a water softener, wool de-fatting agent, soap and synthetic detergent builder, and general sequestering agent.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used In eggs (egg white): improving product quality and stabilizing foam.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a wool de-fatting agent, in bleaching operations, as a food additive.
Sodium pyrophosphate can be used as quality improvement agent of can, fruit, milk product, etc.
Sodium pyrophosphate also acts as an emulsifier, pH buffer and dough conditioner.

In toothpaste and floss, Sodium pyrophosphate acts as a control agent and removes calcium and magnesium from saliva, thus preventing them from settling on the teeth.
A buffer agent: With a pH of 9.8 to 10.8 (1% solution), Sodium pyrophosphate can be used as an alkaline agent to regulate the pH of processed foods such as puddings and so on.

Sodium pyrophosphate Anhydrous is used in Food, Beverage, Pharmaceutical, Health & Personal care products, Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry.
Sodium pyrophosphate removes calcium, Sodium pyrophosphate is replaced by sodium, which reagents detergent and soap.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used Common foods containing tetrasodium pyrophosphate include chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives and cat foods and cat treats where it is used as a palatability enhancer.

In toothpaste and dental floss, Sodium pyrophosphate acts as a tartar control agent, serving to remove calcium and magnesium from saliva and thus preventing them from being deposited on teeth.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffer in toothpastes, as an emulsifier, and as a detergent aid.

To maintain fat dispersion in an ice cream/dessert mix, Sodium pyrophosphate may be added so "churning" will not form lumps of butter during freezing.
A buffering agent: with the PH value from 9.8 to 10.8 (1% solution), Sodium pyrophosphate can be used as an alkaline to adjust pH in processed food, pudding and etc.

Sodium pyrophosphate removes Ca and Mg ions from saliva, so they do not stay on the teeth.
Chemistry: Sodium pyrophosphate is used as ph value adjuster in chemical industry.
Sometimes Sodium pyrophosphate is also used in household detergents
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a general buffer, sequestrant and stabilising agent in dairy products and other foodstuffs.

Sodium pyrophosphate, An organic compound that resembles urea synthesized from the addition of hydrogen sulfide to calcium cyanamide, is largely used in non-commercial applications.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used Breath Fresheners, Buffer, Cheese, Dispersant, Ice Cream, Marshmellow, Mouthwash, Potato Products, Poultry, Processed Meat, Protein Modifier, Seafood, Sequestrant, Teeth Whitening, Toothpaste, Whipped Toppings

Sodium pyrophosphate is used Buffering Agents, Food Additives, Thickening Agents, Detergents, Emulsifiers, Industrial Chemicals, and Mining
In Beverage: Sodium pyrophosphate can be used as dispersing agent in beverage.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, buffering agent, dispersing agent, chelating agent, coagulant, and chelator.
This sodium salt, Sodium pyrophosphate, is used as an inorganic additive in redox flow batteries.

Sodium pyrophosphate is also used in some common baking powders.
Sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7) is a non-toxic and biocompatible compound used as an electroactive media for exfoliation of the surface coating.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used In eggs (egg yolk): inhibiting spoilage.
Sodium pyrophosphate also acts as a tartar control agent in toothpaste and dental floss.
Pyrophosphates as stated (Food and Food Production Encylopedia) are good sequestrants for copper and iron, which often catalyze oxidation in fruits and vegetables.

Sodium pyrophosphate is mainly used in meat and seafood processing as a water retention agent, a stabilizer for natural pigments and to prevent fat corruption.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used to modify the proteins enabling them to retain moisture during storage, thawing, and cooking.
Sodium pyrophosphate is a food additive used in fish cake, surimi, sausage, frozen seafood, etc.

Sodium pyrophosphate, also called tetrasodium pyrophosphate, or TSPP, is used in the laboratory as a buffering agent.
Sodium pyrophosphate, or tetra sodium pyrophosphate, is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.

With the chelating properties of metal ions, increasing the water holding capacity of protein, pH buffering, stabilization, emulsification, thickening, etc., Sodium pyrophosphate is widely used in food to improve the strength and quality of products.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used in commercial dental rinses before brushing to aid in plaque reduction.

Sodium pyrophosphate supports the binding of proteins to water, supports the binding of soybean particles together.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used in paper coating and filling to promote the dispersion of clay, lithopone, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and other ingredients in aqueous suspensions.
Sodium pyrophosphate is a thickener in ready puddings.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a dispersing agent, sequestrant, buffering agent, protein modifier, and coagulant.
Sodium pyrophosphate is added to improve whipping efficiency and improve foam stability.
Also, Sodium pyrophosphate is used with other phosphates (e.g. sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate) in seafood to increase the water retention.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent, also as an emulsifier and as a dispersing agent.
Sodium pyrophosphate is a mildly alkaline sequestering agent with marked emulsification and dispersion properties.
Sodium pyrophosphate has a variety of applications in food industries.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used Buffering Agent, Emulsifier, Dispersing Agent, Thickening Agent, Tartar Control Agent, and Toothpaste
For water treatment, Sodium pyrophosphate has excellent softening, peptizing, and dispersing agent properties.
Sodium pyrophosphate's an additive for cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations , pH control and buffering, dispersing agent and emulsion stabilizer.
In addition, Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a chelating agent in antimicrobial studies.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a water softener and detergent to decrease water hardness in the textile industry.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.
Sodium pyrophosphate functions in cheese to reduce the meltability and fat separa- tion.
Sodium pyrophosphate, Na4P2O7 can be used as an inorganic additive to improve the stability and electrochemical performance of redox flow batteries.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used in metal cleaning compounds, rust removal, water softener, buffering agent, soap and synthetic detergent builders, and in the electrodeposition on metals.
Sodium pyrophosphate can also be used as a PH modifier, an emulsifier, a quality improver agent in dough and as a nutrient supplement.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used In manufacturing surimi, pork bologna and sausage: Emulsifying and supplying phosphorous.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used In toothpaste: filler, emulsifier and reducing agent.
Sodium pyrophosphate removes calcium and magnesium in saliva from sticking into teeth.
Sodium pyrophosphate is primarily used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier and a thickening agent both in food and industrial application.

The following food list may contain sodium pyrophosphate: Soybean or wheat-based foods, similar in appearance and taste to meat, Marshmallow, Pudding, Cheese, Ice cream, Milk protein products, and Tuna fish.
Common foods containing Sodium pyrophosphate include chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives and cat foods and cat treats where Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a palatability enhancer.

Sodium pyrophosphate is sometimes used in household detergents to prevent clothing-like deposition, but due to its phosphate content it causes eutrophication of water, algae growth.
Sodium pyrophosphate combines with Mg as a water softener.
Sodium pyrophosphate also used as a thickening agent and also often used as a food additive.

Sodium pyrophosphate also increases shelf life of the product by sequestering multivalent cations responsible for lipid oxidation and rancidity development.
A calcium sequestrant: Sodium pyrophosphate can remove naturally occurring calcium ions from proteins and crosslink with proteins, which results in accelerating protein gelation, improving texture (mouthfeel) and reducing cooking loss in meat analog production (e.g. soy protein).

Sodium pyrophosphate is used in textile dyeing; scouring of wool; buffer; food additive; detergent builder; water softener and dispersant.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used in detergents, as cleaning agents, ceramics, paints and metal surface treatment.
Sodium pyrophosphate also acts as a tartar control agent in toothpaste and dental floss.

Also, Sodium pyrophosphate has applications in many essential industries, such as the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics industry, textile industry, and as a detergent in various other sectors.
Indeed, Sodium pyrophosphate is often used in household and industrial cleaning compounds.
Sodium pyrophosphate is also be used as an additive in the food industry.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used in cleaning compounds for the metal finishing industry.
Sodium pyrophosphate is an inorganic salt used as a buffering agent.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used In cream and frozen desserts: stabilizing protein.
Sodium pyrophosphate is also commonly used in toothpaste, dental floss and in some household detergents.

Common foods containing Sodium pyrophosphate include chicken nuggets, puddings, crab meats, canned tuna and soy-based meat substitutes, and pet foods such as cats, which are used as flavor enhancers.
The application of Sodium pyrophosphate such as in malted milk powders, instant puddings, cheese, chocolate drink powders, and tuna.
Sodium pyrophosphate is a widely used chemical in many different applications.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used As a constituent of phosphate mixes used in the meat products such as hamburgers and sausages.
Common foods containing Sodium pyrophosphate include chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives and cat foods and cat treats where Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a palatability enhancer.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used to modify the proteins enabling them to retain moisture during storage, thawing, and cooking.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used in commercial tooth cleanings before brushing to aid in plaque reduction.
Sodium pyrophosphate is sometimes used in household detergents to prevent similar deposition on clothing, but due to its phosphate content it causes eutrophication of water, promoting algae growth.
As a detergent additive, Sodium pyrophosphate renews the activity of detergents and soaps, combining with calcium to form an insoluble foam.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used in common baking powders and also in toothpaste and dental floss as a tartar control.
In food, Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffer for puddings and processed foods.
Sodium pyrophosphate can also be used as a calcium sequestrant.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used in water softener, buffering agent, thickening agent, dispersing agent, wool de-fatting agent, metal cleaner, soap and synthetic detergent builder, general sequestering agent, in electrodeposition of metals.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a coagulant in noncooked instant puddings to provide thicken- ing.
Besides, Sodium pyrophosphate is employed as a metal cleaner in metal surface processing to remove rust in the metal industry.

Sodium pyrophosphate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, water softeners, cosmetics and personal care products, coating products and fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.
In the food industry Sodium pyrophosphate is used as an emulsifier, buffering agent, nutrient, sequestrant and a texturant.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.

Sodium pyrophosphate is sometimes used in household detergents to prevent the deposition of substances on clothes, but due to its phosphate content, it causes water atrophy and algae growth.
In Food Production: Sodium pyrophosphate can be used as buffering agent, emulsifier, and thickening agent in food such as in chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives.

Sodium pyrophosphate is a coagulant, emulsifier, and sequestrant that is mildly alkaline, with a ph of 10.
Sodium pyrophosphate is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 0.8 g/100 ml at 25°c.
In Health and Personal care: Sodium pyrophosphate can be used in the formulation of bath products, colognes, dentifrices, mouthwashes, hair conditioners, hair dyes and colors, permanent waves, shampoos, makeup and skin care products.

Sodium pyrophosphate also can be used in toothpaste.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a cleaning compound; oil well drilling; water treatment, cheese emulsification; as a general sequestering agent, to remove rust stains; as am ingredient of one fluid ink eradicators, in electrodeposition of metals.
Sodium pyrophosphate is an emulsifier and a source of phosphorus as a nutrient.

With the properties of chelating metal ions, increasing protein water holding capacity, PH buffering, stabilization, emulsification, casein thickening and ect, Sodium pyrophosphate is widely used in food to improve the gel strength and the tenderness of meat products/analogs.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as an acidity maintainer, as a pH buffer, and as a dough conditioner in soy-based meat alternatives.
Sometimes, Sodium pyrophosphate can be used in household detergents to remove similar deposition on clothing.

Sodium pyrophosphate is also used as a food additive in common foods such as chicken nuggets, crab meat, and canned tuna.
Sodium pyrophosphate acts as a separating, clarifying, buffering and softening agent for water.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used on oil well drilling rigs for cleaning the mud off the equipment.
Sodium pyrophosphate is used in chicken nuggets and lobster products for the same purpose.

-In Food Production:
Sodium pyrophosphate can be used as buffering agent, emulsifier, and thickening agent in food such as in chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives.

-Application of Sodium pyrophosphate in toothpaste:
One of the main goals of Sodium pyrophosphate is to prevent plaque formation by reducing the deposition of calcium and magnesium on teeth.
Therefore, Sodium pyrophosphate is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory component in many toothpaste and mouthwash.
Sodium pyrophosphate has the same function.

-Material uses:
Sodium pyrophosphate is also known as sodium pyrophosphate and tetrasodium phosphate, is often used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier and a thickening agent both in food and industrial application.

-Following food list may contain Sodium pyrophosphate:
Meat analogs, such as soy or wheat based food, with the appearance, flavor and mouth-feel the same with meat but not made from meat.
*Marshmallows
*Pudding
*Cheese
*Ice cream
*Milk protein products
*Tuna
*Toothpaste

-Calcium absorbent: Sodium pyrophosphate can remove natural calcium ions from proteins.
On the other hand, Sodium pyrophosphate cross-links with proteins, which accelerates protein gelling and improves tissue (and mouthfeel).

-Sodium pyrophosphate is commonly found in a wide variety of:
Meat analogs, such as soy or wheat-based food (soy-based meat alternatives), Crab meat and imitation crab, Marshmallows, Cold pudding, Chicken nuggets, Cheese, Ice cream, Milk protein products, Canned tuna, and Cat foods and cat treats

-Food:
As a source of phosphorus, Sodium pyrophosphate is an emulsifier which is used for the binding of soybean particles and protein water connection.
Sodium pyrophosphate is also used as a thickener in ready puddings.

-In Health and Personal care:
Sodium pyrophosphate can be used in the formulation of bath products, colognes, dentifrices, mouthwashes, hair conditioners, hair dyes and colors, permanent waves, shampoos, makeup and skin care products.
Sodium pyrophosphate also can be used in toothpaste.

-In Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry:
TetraSodium Pyrophosphate can be used in Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry products, such as in cat food and pet food.

-In Other Industries:
Sodium pyrophosphate can be used as detergents in textile to reduce water hardness; in metal surface processing to remove rust.

-Textile:
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as an inorganic stabilizer in textile.

-Detergent:
As a water softener for detergents, Sodium pyrophosphate can be used as an emulsifier to suspend the oils and to prevent their sedimentation on the laundry in the wash.

FUNCTIONS OF OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE:
1. Acidity Regulator / Buffering Agent:
Changes or maintains the acidity or basicity of food/cosmetics.
2. Chelating Agent (Chelants):
Binds to and removes potentially toxic or unwanted metals
3. Drug / Medicine:
Treats, alleviate, cure, or prevents sickness. As officially declared by a governmental drug/medicine regulatory body
4. Emulsifier:
Allows water and oils to remain mixed together to form an emulsion.
5. Gelling Agent / Thickener:
Increases the viscosity by thickening the liquid to give it more texture
Sodium pyrophosphate is commonly used to enhance the taste of other ingredients.
Sodium pyrophosphate is also used as a tartar control agent in toothpaste.

BENEFITS AND APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE:
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a pH buffer in detergents to extend the life of the clothes.
Sodium pyrophosphate keeps soap scum and insoluble salts off of your garments.
Sodium pyrophosphate has no odour, so it will not irritate your breathing when using it.
Sodium pyrophosphate helps with foaming and bubbling in washing.

PRODUCTION of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE:
Sodium pyrophosphate is produced by the reaction of furnace-grade phosphoric acid with sodium carbonate to form disodium phosphate, which is then heated to 450 °C to form tetrasodium pyrophosphate:
2 Na2HPO4 → Na4P2O7 + H2O

PREPARATION OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE:
Sodium pyrophosphate is formed when pure disodium hydrogen orthophosphate is heated to 500℃ for 5 hours.
Sodium pyrophosphate will contain better than 98 per cent Na4P2O7.
Crystalline masses large enough for optical measurements are produced by heating in platinum to above the melting point of the Sodium pyrophosphate, 800°, and cooling slowly.
Higher temperatures or longer heating times do not change the Sodium pyrophosphate, as this is the final product in the dehydration of disodium hydrogen orthophosphate.

IS SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE SAFE TO EAT?
Yes, Sodium pyrophosphate almost has no side effects and the safety has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), as well as the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).
FDA:
Sodium pyrophosphate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used as a sequestrant in food in accordance with good manufacturing practice.
EFSA:
Sodium pyrophosphate (E450iii) is an authorized food additive in the European Union (EU) and can be used as a carrier in the preparations of the colour anthocyanins, also applied in the following food categories with the maximum use levels from 5,000-12,000mg/kg:
*Refrigerated, prepacked yeast based doughs
*Salted fish of the Gadidae family
*Biscuits and risks

FOOD AND BEVERAGES INDUSTRY OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE:
Sodium pyrophosphate is a synthetic ingredient that can be used as an emulsifier, buffer, acid regulator, nutrient, dietary supplement, sequestrant, protein modifier, texturizer, coagulant, thickening agent, and dispersing agent in the food and drink industry.
Also, Sodium pyrophosphate is used for water retention in processed meat and meat analogs.
Sodium pyrophosphate is employed to improve the appearance and texture of sauces and juices in the beverage industry.
Besides, Sodium pyrophosphate is vegan and gluten-free.

COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE:
Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a pH regulator, buffering agent, gelling agent, anticaking agent, chelating agent, and oral care agent in cosmetics and skin-care products.
Besides, Sodium pyrophosphate can be used in the formulation of bath products, shampoo, hair dyes and colors, colognes, hair conditioners, makeup, and skin care products to improve the product’s texture.
In addition, Sodium pyrophosphate functions as a tartar control agent, PH regulator, and anti-calculus in toothpaste, mouthwashes, and dental floss.
Indeed, Sodium pyrophosphate is used to prevent the formation of dental calculus by decreasing the deposition of magnesium and calcium on teeth.

HOW SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE MADE:
Sodium pyrophosphate can be prepared by molecular dehydration of dibasic sodium phosphate at 500°C.
Sodium phosphates are generally prepared by the partial or total neutralization of phosphoric acid using sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.
Crystals of a specific hydrate can then be obtained by evaporation of the resultant solution within the temperature range over which the hydrate is stable.
Another way to prepare Sodium pyrophosphate involves the calcination of sodium tripolyphosphate and a sodium salt.

HOW SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE WORKS:
Sodium pyrophosphate works as a water softener, and an emulsifier to protect clothes fibre from fading.
Sodium pyrophosphate permits dirt and oil to be removed from clothing and prevents it from being redeposited in the wash.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE:
Molecular Weight: 265.90
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 265.87100346
Monoisotopic Mass: 265.87100346
Topological Polar Surface Area: 136 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 124
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 5
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molar mass: 265.900 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless or white crystals
Odor: odorless
Density: 2.534 g/cm3
Melting point: 988 °C (1,810 °F; 1,261 K) (anhydrous), 79.5 °C (decahydrate)
Boiling point: decomposes

Solubility in water: 2.61 g/100 mL (0 °C), 6.7 g/100 mL (25 °C), 42.2 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility: insoluble in ammonia, alcohol
Refractive index (nD): 1.425
Heat capacity (C): 241 J/mol K
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 270 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): -3166 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵): -3001 kJ/mol
Flash point: Non-flammable
PH at 1%: 9.9-10.7
Loss of ignition: <0.5%
Heavy metal (As Pb): PPM 10
Cl: <0.025%

Water insolubles: <0.20%
Fluoride (F) PPM: <50
Assay: ≥ 95.0 %
Moisture (at 110oC): ≤ 0.30 %
pH (1 % Solution): 10.2 – 10.6
Water Insoluble Matter: ≤ 0.1 %
Phosphate (P2O5): 52.5 – 54.0 %
Loss on Ignition (800oC, 30 mins): ≤ 0.5 %
Fluoride (As F): ≤ 10.0 ppm
Arsenic (As As): ≤ 3.0 ppm
Lead (As Pb): ≤ 3.0 ppm
Cadmium (As Cd): ≤ 1.0 ppm
Heavy Metals (As Pb): ≤ 10.0 ppm

Mercury (As Hg): ≤ 1.0 ppm
Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: 988 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 10,3

Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 58,5 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not applicable for inorganic substances
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 2,53 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: 2,62 at 21 °C
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: Dissociation constant 4,83
Melting point: 80 °C
Boiling point: 93.8 °C
Density: 2.53 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Granular
color: White
Specific Gravity: 2.534
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 10.3
Water Solubility: Soluble in water.
Insoluble in ethyl alcohol.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,9240
Exposure limits NIOSH: TWA 5 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
hygroscopic
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13: Non Combustible Solids

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

SYNONYMS:
Sodium pyrophosphate
TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE
7722-88-5
TSPP
Tetrasodium diphosphate
Phosphotex
Diphosphoric acid, tetrasodium salt
Sodium diphosphate
Victor TSPP
Caswell No. 847
Sodium pyrophosphate [USAN]
Sodium pyrophosphate tetrabasic
Natrium pyrophosphat
Pyrophosphoric acid tetrasodium salt
Sodium diphosphate, anhydrous
Natrium pyrophosphat [German]
Sodium phosphate (Na4P2O7)
HSDB 854
MFCD00003513
Na4P2O7
CHEBI:71240
O352864B8Z
Sodium pyrophosphate (USAN)
Sodium pyrophosphate, tetrabasic
Tetranatriumpyrophosphat [German]
EINECS 231-767-1
NSC 56751
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076405
Sodium diphosphate tetrabasic
tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate
UNII-O352864B8Z
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, anhydride
SODIUMPYROPHOSPHATE
tetra sodium pyrophosphate
EC 231-767-1
DSSTox_CID_22465
DSSTox_RID_80032
DSSTox_GSID_42465
Diphosphoric acid sodium salt
DTXSID9042465
SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [II]
Sodium diphosphate (Na4(P2O7))
SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [FCC]
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate Anhydrous
SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [HSDB]
CS-B1771
SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [VANDF]
tetrasodium (phosphonooxy)phosphonate
Tox21_110033
SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [MART.]
SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [WHO-DD]
TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [MI]
AKOS015914004
AKOS024418778
Diphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:4)
TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [INCI]
NCGC00013687-01
CAS-7722-88-5
FT-0689073
D05873
E75941
EN300-332889
Q418504
1004291-85-3
Pyrophosphate
Sodium pyrophosphate
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (anhydrous)
TSPP
Tetrasodium diphosphate
pyrophosphate
TSPP
SODIUM DIPHOSPHATE DECAHYDRATE
Anhydrous sodium pyrophosphate
pyro
SODIUM TETRAPYROPHOSPHATE
sodiumpyrophosphate[na4p2o7]
tetrasodiumpyrophosphate,anhydrous
Nsc56751
victortspp
DIPHOSPHORIC ACID TETRASODIUM SALT
DIPHOSPHORIC ACID, TETRASODIUM SALT, DECAHYDRATE
DECAHYDRATE TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE
TETRA-SODIUM DIPHOSPHATE
TETRA-SODIUM DIPHOSPHATE-10-HYDRATE
TETRA-SODIUM DIPHOSPHATE DECAHYDRATE
TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE
SODIUM D

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a colorless and transparent crystalline chemical compound.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate)'s chemical formula is Na4P2O7.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) has a role as a food emulsifier, a chelator and a food thickening agent.

CAS Number: 7722-88-5
13472-36-1 (decahydrate)
EC Number: 231-767-1
E number: E450(iii) (thickeners, ...)
Molecular Formula: Na4P2O7 / Na4O7P2

SYNONYMS:
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, Sodium diphosphate tetrabasic, tetrasodium pyrophosphate anhydrous, pyrophosphoric acid tetrasodium salt, Sodium diphosphate tetrabasic, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, Tetrasodium diphosphate, Pyrophosphate, Sodium pyrophosphate, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (anhydrous), TSPP, Tetrasodium Diphosphate, Sodium Pyrophosphate, TSPP, Pyrophosphate, Sodium pyrophosphate, Tetrasodium diphosphate, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (anhydrous), TSPP, Sodium pyrophosphate, TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, 7722-88-5, TSPP, Phosphotex, Tetrasodium diphosphate, Sodium diphosphate, Diphosphoric acid, tetrasodium salt, Victor TSPP, Caswell No. 847, Sodium pyrophosphate tetrabasic, Natrium pyrophosphat, Sodium pyrophosphate [USAN], Sodium diphosphate, anhydrous, Pyrophosphoric acid tetrasodium salt, Sodium phosphate (Na4P2O7), HSDB 854, sodium pyrophosphate(V), Sodium diphosphate (Na4P2O7), Sodium pyrophosphate, tetrabasic, Sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7), Anhydrous tetrasodium pyrophosphate, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, anhydrous, EINECS 231-767-1, NSC 56751, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076405, DTXSID9042465, UNII-O352864B8Z, CHEBI:71240, MFCD00003513, NSC-56751, Na4P2O7, O352864B8Z, DTXCID7022465, EC 231-767-1, Sodium pyrophosphate (USAN), SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (II), SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [II], SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (MART.), SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [MART.], 1004291-85-3, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, anhydride, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (anhydrous), SODIUMPYROPHOSPHATE, tetra sodium pyrophosphate, ACCOLINE 126, Na4O7P2, TETRON (DISPERSANT), Diphosphoric acid sodium salt, Sodium pyrophosphate anhydrous, DTXCID408842, Sodium diphosphate (Na4(P2O7)), SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [FCC], Tetrasodium pyrophosphate Anhydrous, SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [HSDB], CS-B1771, SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [VANDF], tetrasodium (phosphonooxy)phosphonate, Tox21_110033, SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [WHO-DD], TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [MI], AKOS015914004, AKOS024418778, Diphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:4), TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [INCI], NCGC00013687-01, CAS-7722-88-5, TETRASODIUM DIPHOSPHATE (NA4P2O7), TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (NA4P2O7), E 450, NS00093593, D05873, E75941, EN300-332889, Q418504, pyrophosphate, TSPP, SODIUM DIPHOSPHATE DECAHYDRATE, Anhydrous sodium pyrophosphate, pyro, SODIUM TETRAPYROPHOSPHATE, sodiumpyrophosphate[na4p2o7], tetrasodiumpyrophosphate,anhydrous, Nsc56751, victortspp

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a colorless transparent crystalline chemical compound with the formula Na4P2O7.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a colorless and transparent crystalline chemical compound.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate)'s chemical formula is Na4P2O7.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is an inorganic compound with the formula Na4P2O7.
As a salt, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a white, water-soluble solid.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is composed of pyrophosphate anion and sodium ions.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is also known is the decahydrate Na4P2O7 • 10(H2O).
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate)'s chemical formula is Na4P2O7.
The aqueous solution of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is alkaline and easily soluble in water.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is an anhydrous, white, crystalline material in powder form.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is odourless, white powder or granules, which comes in different grades.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate), Na4P2O7, is a white powder that is easily soluble in water.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is an inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations.
More commonly known as Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate), it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) has a role as a food emulsifier, a chelator and a food thickening agent.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) contains a diphosphate(4-).
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is an inorganic salt used as a buffering agent.

The related substance tetrasodium pyrophosphate decahydrate (Na4P2O7*10H2O) occurs as colorless transparent crystals.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) loses its water when heated to 93.8 °C.
Sodium diphosphate is an inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations.

More commonly known as Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate), it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) has a role as a food emulsifier, a chelator and a food thickening agent.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) contains a diphosphate(4-).
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a colorless transparent crystalline chemical compound with the formula Na4P2O7.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a salt consisting of pyrophosphate and sodium ions.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is an inorganic sodium salt comprised used in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is generally immediately available in most volumes.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is one of the popular food additives and ingredients in most countries.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a slightly toxic and mildly irritating colorless transparent crystalline chemical compound with the formula Na4P2O7.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) contains the pyrophosphate ion.
The pH of the 1% solution of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) ranges from 10 to 11.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a colorless transparent crystalline chemical compound containing the pyrophosphate ion and sodium cation.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a white powdered chemical found in detergents.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) improves the ability of different detergent components to pervade deeper into the fibers of clothes, as well as other surfaces and materials to be cleaned.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is odorless, white powder or granules. Mp: 995°C. Density: 2.53 g cm-3. Solubility in water: 3.16 g / 100 mL (cold water); 40.26 g / 100 mL boiling water.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a wool de-fatting agent, in bleaching operations, as a food additive.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is produced by the reaction of sodium carbonate with phosphorus-grade phosphoric acid to form disodium phosphate and then heated to 450 °C to form tetrasodium pyrophosphate.
Alternatively, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) can be formed by molecular dehydration of dibasic sodium phosphate at 500 °C (932 °F).

With the properties of chelating metal ions, increasing protein water holding capacity, PH buffering, stabilization, emulsification, casein thickening and ect, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is widely used in food to improve the gel strength and the tenderness of meat products/analogs.
Also, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used with other phosphates (e.g. sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate) in seafood to increase the water retention.

Orally the main purpose of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is to prevent the formation of calculus by reducing the deposition of calcium and magnesium on teeth.
Thus Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is commonly used as the anticalculus component of many tartar-control toothpastes and mouth rinse.

The related substance Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) decahydrate (Na4P2O7 0H2O) occurs as colorless transparent crystals. ,
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) loses its water when heated to 93.8°C.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a salt of pyrophosphoric acid.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is composed of four sodium molecules bonded to a pyrophosphate ion.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is typically found in a powdered form and is highly soluble in water, making it easy to incorporate into various products such as detergents, toothpaste, and even food.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a thickening agent and emulsifier.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is commonly applied in chicken nuggets, canned tuna, imitation crab meat, pudding, marshmallows, and soy-based meat alternatives.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) appears as odorless, white powder or granules. mp: 995 °C. Density: 2.53 g/cm3.
Solubility in water of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is 3.16 g/100 mL (cold water); 40.26 g/100 mL boiling water.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a wool de-fatting agent, in bleaching operations, as a food additive.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used water softener, metal cleaner, soap and synthetic detergent builder, general sequestering agent, in electrodeposition of metals.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used in water softener, detergent, emulsifying agent, metal cleaner and nutritional supplement.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used in the laboratory as a buffering agent.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) has been shown to be useful in the preparation of an EDTA-sodium pyrophosphate extraction buffer for microcystin analysis of soil samples.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is an odorless, white powder or granules.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used in water softener, buffering agent, thickening agent, dispersing agent, wool de-fatting agent, metal cleaner, soap and synthetic detergent builder, general sequestering agent, in electrodeposition of metals.

To maintain fat dispersion in an ice cream/dessert mix, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) may be added so "churning" will not form lumps of butter during freezing.
Uses of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate): Meat emulsions, sausages, chopped and ground meat.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used fish and seafood treatment.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used dairy products.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used toothpastes component.

Applications of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate): Cleaning, Paints, Metal treatment, and Ceramics.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is achemical compound composed of pyrophosphate and sodium ions.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a buffering agent, also as an emulsifier and as a dispersing agent.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) acts as a buffering agent, thickening agent and dispersing agent.
Tooth paste uses of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate): Since they remove Ca and Mg ions from saliva, they do not stay on the teeth so they are used as buffer in toothpastes.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.
Common foods containing Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) include chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives and cat foods and cat treats where it is used as a palatability enhancer.

In toothpaste and dental floss, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) acts as a tartar control agent, serving to remove calcium and magnesium from saliva and thus preventing them from being deposited on teeth.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used in commercial dental rinses before brushing to aid in plaque reduction.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is sometimes used in household detergents to prevent similar deposition on clothing, but due to its phosphate content it causes eutrophication of water, promoting algae growth.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) also used as a thickening agent and also often used as a food additive

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) also called Sodium pyrophosphate is used in many applications as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, a thickening agent, general sequestering agent, chelating agent in antimicrobial studies, and in the food industry as a nutrient, dietary supplement and texturier in food additive.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) also acts as a tartar control agent in toothpaste and dental floss.
Pyrophosphates as stated by Considine (Food and Food Production Encylopedia) are good sequestrants for copper and iron, which often catalyze oxidation in fruits and vegetables.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is also used as a food additive in common foods such as chicken nuggets, crab meat, and canned tuna.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used in cleaning compounds for the metal finishing industry.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used on oil well drilling rigs for cleaning the mud off the equipment.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) has excellent applications in rust removal, ink erasers, and electrodeposition on metals.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is also used as a water softener, wool de-fatting agent, soap and synthetic detergent builder, and general sequestering agent.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) also acts as a tartar control agent in toothpaste and dental floss. In addition, it is used as a chelating agent in antimicrobial studies.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is being used in detergents, as cleaning agents, ceramics, paints and metal surface treatment.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate)’s an additive for cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations, pH control and buffering, dispersing agent and emulsion stabilizer.
Uses of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate): Buffering Agent, Emulsifier, Dispersing Agent, Thickening Agent, Tartar Control Agent, and Toothpaste.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) also increases shelf life of the product by sequestering multivalent cations responsible for lipid oxidation and rancidity development.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a dispersing agent, sequestrant, buffering agent, protein modifier, and coagulant.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used to modify the proteins enabling them to retain moisture during storage, thawing, and cooking.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used in common baking powders and also in toothpaste and dental floss as a tartar control
Sometimes Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is also used in household detergents.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is added to improve whipping efficiency and improve foam stability.
Granular Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) helps to buffer the pH of the processed cheese and interacts with milk proteins to promote emulsification.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) sequesters iron in potato products to prevent after-cooking blackening and to stabilize color.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a food additive, a buffering agent, nourishment agent, and a modifying agent.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a coagulant, emulsifier, and sequestrant that is mildly alkaline, with a ph of 10.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 0.8 g/100 ml at 25°c.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a coagulant in noncooked instant puddings to provide thicken- ing.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) functions in cheese to reduce the meltability and fat separa- tion.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a dispersant in malted milk and chocolate drink powders.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is also used as a food additive in common foods such as chicken nuggets, crab meat and canned tuna.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) also acts as a tartar control agent in toothpaste and dental floss.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is also used as a food additive in common foods such as chicken nuggets, crab meat and canned tuna.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.

In addition, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a chelating agent in antimicrobial studies.
Common foods containing Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) include chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, soy-based meat alternatives, cat foods and cat treats where it is used as a palatability enhancer.

In toothpaste and dental floss, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) acts as a tartar control agent, serving to remove calcium and magnesium from saliva and thus preventing them from being deposited on teeth.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used in commercial dental rinses before brushing to aid in plaque reduction.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is sometimes used in household detergents to prevent similar deposition on clothing.
Chemistry: Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as ph value adjuster in chemical industry.
Textile: Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as an inorganic stabilizer in textile.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used water softener, metal cleaner, soap and synthetic detergent builder, general sequestering agent, in electrodeposition of metals
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) prevents crystal formation in tuna.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is also termed sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, and tspp.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a water softener; as a metal cleaner; as a dispersing and emulsifying agent.
Water softening: Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate is used to soften water and remove any residues that can affect water quality.

Stabilizer use of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate): Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate)acts as a stabilizer in many food products by controlling the pH and maintaining the desired texture of the product, hence it ensure product quality and also increases the shelf life of the food product.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a mildly alkaline sequestering agent with marked emulsification and dispersion properties.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) has a variety of applications in food industries.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a widely used chemical in many different applications.

In food, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a buffer for puddings and processed foods.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) can also be used as a calcium sequestrant.
For water treatment, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) has excellent softening, peptizing, and dispersing agent properties.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) supports the binding of proteins to water, it supports the binding of soy particles together.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used in chicken nuggets and lobster products for the same purpose.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is an emulsifier and a nutritional source of phosphorus.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a water softener in detergents, to suspend oils, and as an emulsifier to prevent re-sedimentation on the laundry during washing.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) combines with Mg as a water softener.

As a detergent additive, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) renews the activity of detergents and soaps by combining with calcium to form an insoluble foam.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) separates calcium and replaces it with sodium, which reactives detergent and soap.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as an inorganic stabilizer in textiles.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.

This can help with magnesium hardness, scale control, sequestering, and red and black water control.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) also meets the EPA Lead and Copper rule which means it is also used frequently in corrosion prevention.
Typical Uses of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate): Breath Fresheners, Buffer, Cheese, Dispersant, Ice Cream, Marshmellow, Mouthwash, and Potato Products.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used in Poultry, Processed Meat, Protein Modifier, Seafood, Sequestrant, Teeth Whitening, Toothpaste, and Whipped Toppings.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a constituent of phosphate mixes used in the meat products such as hamburgers and sausages.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used in the food industry as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is often used as a food additive in chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives and cat foods and cat treats where it is used as a palatability enhancer.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is also used in some common baking powders.
In toothpaste and dental floss, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) acts as a tartar control agent, serving to remove calcium and magnesium from saliva and thus preventing them from being deposited on teeth.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) helps in plaque reduction.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) also acts as an excellent cleaning agent and is used in detergents, metal treatment, and paints, as well as in the mining industry.

Common foods containing Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) include chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a constituent of emulsifying-salt blends used in the manufacturing of processed cheese.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used in solutions for the immersion treatment of seafoods to control yields and modify texture.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a general buffer, sequestrant and stabilising agent in dairy products and other foodstuffs.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is commonly used as a pH regulator in formulas.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, water softeners, cosmetics and personal care products, coating products and fillers, putties, plasters, modeling clay.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a buffer in toothpastes, as an emulsifier, and as a detergent aid.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a thickener in instant puddings.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as detergent, pharmaceutical and toothpaste stabilizer, water softener, boiler antiscaling agent, metal ion chelant, and also used in electroplating, electrolysis, plant fiber blenching, etc.

In toothpaste and dental floss, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) acts as a tartar control agent by removing calcium and magnesium from saliva, preventing it from depositing on the teeth.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used in commercial dental cleanings before brushing to aid in plaque reduction.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is sometimes used in household detergents to prevent similar buildup on clothing, but due to its phosphate content, it causes eutrophication of water, causing algae growth.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as an agent to maintain a certain level of acidity, as a pH buffer, and as a dough conditioner in soy-based meat alternatives.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) removes Ca and Mg ions from saliva, so they do not remain on the teeth.

Release of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) to the environment may occur from industrial use: in the formulation of mixtures, in the manufacture of articles and in processing aids on industrial sites.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used in machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints, coatings or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.
Common foods containing Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) are chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives, and where it is used as cat food and cat treats.

-Emulsifier uses of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate):
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is an effective emulsifier that helps in blending various ingredients that normally do not mix well together.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is mostly used in food products such as cured meat, sausages, and processed cheese.

-Leavening agent:
Its ability to regulate pH makes Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) an excellent leavening agent.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) helps in the baking process by releasing carbon dioxide gas, which causes dough to rise and increases its volume.

-Binding agent uses of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate):
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used to improve the texture and stability of several food products.
Particularly, in meat products such as canned ham, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) aids in binding the meat together while maintaining its juiciness and tenderness.

-Sequestrant:
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is also used as a sequestrant in food products.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) has the ability to bind and hold onto minerals such as calcium and magnesium, which helps to prevent their accumulation and resulting adverse effects.

-food uses of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate):
As a source of phosphorus, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is an emulsifier which is used for the binding of soybean particles and protein water connection.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is also used as a thickener in ready puddings.

-Detergent uses of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate):
As a water softener for detergents, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) can be used as an emulsifier to suspend the oils and to prevent their sedimentation on the laundry in the wash.

-Pharmaceutic aid uses of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate):
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a non-toxic and biocompatible compound used as an electroactive media for exfoliation of the surface coating.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) can be used as an inorganic additive to improve the stability and electrochemical performance of redox flow batteries.

-Industrial Applications of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate):
*Versatility in Industrial Use:
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) finds diverse applications in various industries, including:
*Food Industry:
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a food additive (E450) in processed foods, acting as a buffer, emulsifier, and dispersing agent.
*Pharmaceuticals:
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is employed in certain pharmaceutical formulations.
*Water Treatment:
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used in water treatment processes to prevent scale formation.

USAGE INSTRUCTION OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
1. Follow recommended dosage levels:
Check the label of the product you are using to determine the recommended dosage level of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate).

2. Mix well:
If you are using Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) in a recipe, mix it thoroughly with other dry ingredients first, before adding wet ingredients.
This will help ensure even distribution of the additive throughout Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate).

3. Consider pH level:
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) PH is acidic, so it is important to consider the pH level of the product you are using it in.
If the pH level is too low or too high, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) can affect the effectiveness of the additive.

4. Follow regulatory guidelines:
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is approved for use by regulatory agencies, but there may be limitations on its use in certain types of foods or at certain dosage levels.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is important to follow regulatory guidelines to ensure safe and legal use of this additive.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
Understanding Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) Characteristics:
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a white, crystalline powder with no distinct odor.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is highly soluble in water and forms alkaline solutions.

PRODUCTION METHODS OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
How Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is Manufactured:
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is produced by reacting sodium carbonate with phosphoric acid, followed by careful purification and drying to obtain the desired product.

STORAGE CONDITIONS OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
1. Store in a cool, dry place:
TSPP should be stored in an area that is free from moisture and humidity since it is a hygroscopic compound.
Moisture can cause it to clump and lose its effectiveness.

2. Avoid exposure to heat:
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is resistant to heat, but prolonged exposure to high temperatures can impact its quality.
Hence, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) should be kept away from heat sources such as stoves and ovens.

3. Keep in a well-ventilated area:
During storage, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) should be kept in a well-ventilated area to promote air circulation, and reduce dampness.

4. Store away from other chemicals:
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) should not be stored alongside other chemicals as there is a risk of cross-contamination that could impact its functionality.

5. Use appropriate containers:
Store Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) in appropriate containers intended as it is sensitive to light exposure which can cause degradation, so it is best to use opaque containers that shield from light.

IS SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE) SAFE TO USE?
With any ingredient, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is important to consider its safety.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is generally considered safe for use in small amounts in cleaning products, food, and personal care items.
However, like with any chemical compound, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is important to handle it with care and follow proper usage guidelines.

PRODUCTION OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is produced by the reaction of furnace-grade phosphoric acid with sodium carbonate to form disodium phosphate, which is then heated to 450 °C to form Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate):
2 Na2HPO4 → Na4P2O7 + H2O

SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE), FOOD:
Food grade Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is mainly used in following two functions:

*A buffering agent: with the PH value from 9.8 to 10.8 (1% solution), Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) can be used as an alkaline to adjust pH in processed food, pudding and etc.

*A calcium sequestrant:
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate)v can remove naturally occurring calcium ions from proteins and crosslink with proteins, which results in accelerating protein gelation, improving texture (mouthfeel) and reducing cooking loss in meat analog production (e.g. soy protein).

Following food list may contain TSPP:
Meat analogs, such as soy or wheat based food, with the appearance, flavor and mouth-feel the same with meat but not made from meat.
*Marshmallows
*Pudding
*Cheese
*Ice cream
*Milk protein products
*Tuna
*Toothpaste

PREPARATION OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is formed when pure disodium hydrogen orthophosphate is heated to 500℃ for 5 hours.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) will contain better than 98 per cent Na4P2O7.

Crystalline masses large enough for optical measurements are produced by heating in platinum to above the melting point of the Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate), 800°, and cooling slowly.
Higher temperatures or longer heating times do not change the Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate), as this is the final product in the dehydration of disodium hydrogen orthophosphate.

REACTIVITY PROFILE OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is basic.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) acts exothermically with acids. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) decomposes in ethyl alcohol.

BENEFITS OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a commonly used food additive that has numerous benefits in the food industry.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a odorless tasteless white crystalline powder that is highly resistant to heat and acidity.
As a result, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a stabilizer, emulsifier, and buffering agent in a variety of food products.

One of the main benefits of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is that it helps to regulate the pH levels of food products.
This makes it an excellent ingredient in baking, where Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a leavening agent in baking powders and canned dough to improve texture, cell structure, and shelf life.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) also enhances the flavor of several food products.
Another benefit of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is its ability to bind and retain moisture in meat products.
This is important as Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) increases the total yield of the product while also ensuring that the meat remains juicy and tender.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is also known for having potential health benefits.
Studies suggest that Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) can help to regulate calcium levels in the body, which is essential for good bone health.
Moreover, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) may have anti-inflammatory properties that can help to alleviate symptoms of pain and swelling.

Despite its benefits, the safety of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) in food is critical, therefore it should only be used in moderation and according to recommended levels to prevent side effects.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) price can vary depending on the source and the quantities required.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is readily available from several food ingredient suppliers and manufacturers worldwide.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a white crystalline powder or colourless crystals with the formula Na4P2O7.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) contains the pyrophosphate ion and sodium cation.
There is also a hydrated form of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate), Na4P2O7.10H2O.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is widely used as an emulsifying salt (ES) in process cheese.

Common foods containing Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) include chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives and cat foods and cat treats where it is used as a palatability enhancer.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is the active ingredient in Bakewell, the substitute for baking powder's acid component marketed during shortages in World War II.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is also used in some common baking powders.

PRODUCTION AND REACTIONS OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is a sodium salt and is derived from its carbonate and phosphates, such as tkpp.

BENEFITS AND APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is used as a pH buffer in detergents to extend the life of the clothes.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) keeps soap scum and insoluble salts off of your garments.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) has no odour, so it will not irritate your breathing when using it.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) helps with foaming and bubbling in washing.

HOW SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE) WORKS?
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) works as a water softener, and an emulsifier to protect clothes fibre from fading.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) permits dirt and oil to be removed from clothing and prevents it from being redeposited in the wash.

CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is recommended that it should be used at a concentration of 5 to 20%.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) has low solubility in water and is insoluble in alcohol.

THE VERSATILITY OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
*Cleaning Powerhouse
One of the main reasons why Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is widely used is its exceptional cleaning properties.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate)'s ability to break down dirt, grime, and tough stains makes it an ideal ingredient in household cleaners, dishwashing detergents, and laundry products.
Its effectiveness in removing grease and oil makes Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) a trusted component in industrial cleaning applications as well.

*Water Softening Agent
Hard water can be a nuisance, leaving behind mineral deposits that can damage appliances, clog pipes, and leave surfaces looking dull.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) acts as a water softening agent by binding to the calcium and magnesium ions found in hard water. This helps prevent the formation of limescale and allows other cleaning agents to work more efficiently.

*Food Additive
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is approved by regulatory bodies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for use as a food additive.

Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is commonly used in processed meats and seafood products as a preservative, enhancing the texture, color, and flavor.
Additionally, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) serves as an emulsifying agent in various food preparations, ensuring a consistent texture and preventing ingredient separation.

*Personal Care Products
The benefits of Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) are not limited to cleaning and food applications.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) is also widely used in personal care products.

In toothpaste, Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) helps to remove and prevent the formation of tartar, ensuring a healthy smile.
Sodium Pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate) also acts as a pH adjuster and stabilizer in cosmetics, ensuring the longevity and quality of products such as creams, lotions, and serums.

WHAT DOES SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE) DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Anticaking
*Buffering
*Chelating
*Oral care

RELATED COMPOUNDS OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
-Other anions:
*Trisodium phosphate
*Pentasodium triphosphate
*Sodium hexametaphosphate

-Other cations:
*Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate

-Related compounds:
*Disodium pyrophosphate

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
Compound Formula: Na4O7P2
Molecular Weight: 265.9
Appearance: Colorless to White Powder
Melting Point: 80 °C
Boiling Point: 93.8 °C
Density: 2.53 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 265.871003
Monoisotopic Mass: 265.871003
Linear Formula: Na4P2O7
MDL Number: MFCD00003513
EC No.: 231-767-1
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
PubChem CID: 24403
IUPAC Name: Tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate
SMILES: [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/4Na.H4O7P2/c;;;;1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6/h;;;;(H2,1,2,3)(H2,4,5,6)/q4*+1;/p-4
InChI Key: FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J

Chemical formula: Na4O7P2
Molar mass: 265.900 g•mol−1
Appearance: Colorless or white crystals
Odor: Odorless
Density: 2.534 g/cm3
Melting point:
Anhydrous: 988 °C (1,810 °F; 1,261 K)
Decahydrate: 79.5 °C
Boiling point: Decomposes
Solubility in water:
0 °C: 2.61 g/100 mL
25 °C: 6.7 g/100 mL
100 °C: 42.2 g/100 mL
Solubility: Insoluble in ammonia, alcohol
Refractive index (nD): 1.425
Structure: Monoclinic (decahydrate)
Heat capacity (C): 241 J/mol K

Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 270 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): -3166 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵): -3001 kJ/mol
Molecular Formula: Na4P2O7 * 10 H2O
pH (1% solution): 10-10.6
Fluoride (Flor): 0-10 ppm
Arsenic (Bullet): 1.0 ppm max.
Mercury: 0.1 max.
Cadmium: 1.0 max.
Dry Analysis: 95-100%
Formula: Na4P2O7
Molecular weight: 265.9
CAS No. 7722-88-5
EINCS No. 231-767-1
EEC Classification: E 450 (iii)
Appearance: White fine powder.
Shelf life: 24 months in original package, under dry and cool storage conditions.
CBNumber:CB3394942

Molecular Formula:Na4O7P2
Molecular Weight:265.902402
MDL Number:MFCD00003513
MOL File:7722-88-5.mol
Melting Point: 80 °C
Boiling Point: 93.8 °C
Density: 2.53 g/mL at 25 °C (literature value)
Vapor Pressure: 0 Pa at 20°C
Storage Temperature: Inert atmosphere, Room Temperature
Solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Form: Granular
Color: White
Specific Gravity: 2.534
Odor: Odorless
pH Range: 10.3
Water Solubility: Soluble in water. Insoluble in ethyl alcohol.

Sensitivity: Hygroscopic
Merck Index: 14,9240
Exposure Limits: NIOSH: TWA 5 mg/m3
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J
LogP: -3.42
FDA 21 CFR: 182.6787; 182.6789; 582.6787; 582.6789; 173.310; 175.210; 175.300; 181.29; 182.70
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE
SCOGS (Select Committee on GRAS Substances): Sodium pyrophosphate, tetrabasic
CAS DataBase Reference: 7722-88-5 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: O352864B8Z
EPA Substance Registry System: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (7722-88-5)
Molecular Weight: 265.90 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 265.87100346 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 265.87100346 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 136 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 124
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 5
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

SODIUM SARCOSINATE; N° CAS : 4316-73-8; Nom INCI : SODIUM SARCOSINATE; Nom chimique : Sodium sarcosinate; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 224-338-5. Ses fonctions (INCI): Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. Sodium sarcosinate; EC Inventory, . CAS names: Glycine, N-methyl-, sodium salt (1:1). IUPAC names: N-Methylglycine, sodium salt; sodium (methylamino)acetate; Sodium 2-(methylamino)acetate. Trade names: Glycine, N-methyl-, monosodium salt (9CI); Sarcosine sodium salt; Sarcosine, monosodium salt (8CI); Sarkosinnatrium; Sodium N-(methylamino)acetate; Sodium N-methylglycinate

Sodium Saccharin, also called saccharine or benzosulfimide, or used in saccharin sodium or saccharin calcium forms, is a non-nutritive artificial sweetener.
Sodium Saccharin is a benzoic sulfimide that is about 500 times sweeter than sucrose, but has a bitter or metallic aftertaste, especially at high concentrations.
Sodium Saccharin is used to sweeten products, such as drinks, candies, baked goods, tobacco products, excipients, and for masking the bitter taste of some medicines.

CAS: 81-07-2
MF: C7H5NO3S
MW: 183.18
EINECS: 201-321-0

Sodium Saccharin appears as white crystals and is odorless.
Sodium Saccharin is an organic compound that is normally used as a non-nutritive sweetening agent.
Also known as ortho-sulfobenzoic acid imide, Sodium Saccharin occurs in the form of various salts, mainly calcium and sodium.
A Sodium Saccharin having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position.
Sodium Saccharin is used as an artificial sweetening agent.
A white crystalline organic compound used as an artificial sweetener; Sodium Saccharin is about 550 times as sweet as sugar (sucrose).

Sodium Saccharin is nearly insoluble in water and so generally used in the form of its sodium salt.
Possible links with cancer in animals has restricted Sodium Saccharin's use in some countries.
A white crystalline solid,C7H5NO3S, m.p. 224°C.
Sodium Saccharin is madefrom a compound of toluene, derivedfrom petroleum or coal tar.
Sodium Saccharin is awell-known artificial sweetener,being some 500 times as sweet assugar (sucrose), and is usually marketedas its sodium salt.
Because ofan association with cancer in laboratoryanimals, Sodium Saccharin's use is restricted insome countries.

History
Sodium Saccharin was discovered in 1879 by chemists Constantin Fahlberg and Ira Remsen as they were researching about the oxidation of o-toluenesulfonamide.
While eating, Fahlberg noticed the presence of sweetness in his food due to his arms and hands that contained saccharin.
As he checked his laboratory apparatus by taste tests, Fahlberg found out that the source of this sweetness was from saccharin.
Sodium Saccharin is still made of toluenesulfonamide and from phthalic anhydride.

Sodium Saccharin Chemical Properties
Melting point: 226-229 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: subl
Density: 0.828
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.5500 (estimate)
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility acetone: soluble1g in 12mL(lit.)
Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
pka: 11.68(at 18℃)
Color: White
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: 3.3 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,8311
BRN: 6888
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.024 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 81-07-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Sodium Saccharin (81-07-2)
IARC: 3 (Vol. Sup 7, 73) 1999
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium Saccharin (81-07-2)

Sodium Saccharin is heat-stable.
Sodium Saccharin does not react chemically with other food ingredients; as such, it stores well.
Blends of saccharin with other sweeteners are often used to compensate for each sweetener's weaknesses and faults.
A 10:1 cyclamate–saccharin blend is common in countries where both these sweeteners are legal; in this blend, each sweetener masks the other's offtaste.
Sodium Saccharin is often used with aspartame in diet carbonated soft drinks, so some sweetness remains should the fountain syrup be stored beyond aspartame's relatively short shelf life.

In its acid form, Sodium Saccharin is not water-soluble.
The form used as an artificial sweetener is usually its sodium salt.
The calcium salt is also sometimes used, especially by people restricting their dietary sodium intake.
Both salts are highly water-soluble: 0.67 g/ml in water at room temperature.

Sodium Saccharin is stable when heated and does not chemically react with other food ingredients, therefore, it stores well.
When blended with other sweeteners, Sodium Saccharin often compensates for each sweetener’s faults and weakness.
Commonly, Sodium Saccharin is used with aspartate in diet carbonated soft drinks.
Sodium Saccharin is insoluble in water in its acid form.
Sodium Saccharin's majorly used form as an artificial sweetener is its sodium salt.

Sodium Saccharin occurs as odorless white crystals or a white crystalline powder.
Sodium Saccharin has an intensely sweet taste, with a metallic or bitter aftertaste that at normal levels of use can be detected by approximately 25% of the population.
The aftertaste can be masked by blending saccharin with other sweeteners.

Safety and Health Effects
The utilization of Sodium Saccharin in human food has raised numerous health and safety concerns.
In the 1970s, Sodium Saccharin was linked with the development of bladder in rodents in various laboratory studies on rats.
Consequently, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pushed for its ban, sighting that Sodium Saccharin is carcinogenic to humans.
However, after strong objection from the public regarding the ban, American Congress intervened and allowed the compound to remain in the food supply as long as all the manufactures libel Sodium Saccharin with a warning when packaging.
Sodium Saccharin gas been classified to have no nutritional or food energy value, as such, it safe for patients with diabetes.

Uses
Sodium Saccharin is a non-nutritive synthetic sweetener which is 300–400 times sweeter than sucrose.
Sodium Saccharin is nonhygroscopic and has a bitter aftertaste and a stability problem in cooked, canned, or baked goods.
Sodium Saccharin is slightly soluble in water with a solubility of 10 g in 100 g of water at 25°c, but the solubility improves in boiling water.
As sodium saccharin, there are two forms: 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one- 1,1-dioxide, sodium salt dihydrate, with a solubility of 1 g in 1.2 ml of water; and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one-1,1-dioxide, sodium salt.
Calcium saccharin (chemical name: 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one-1, 1-dioxide, calcium salt) is used where low sodium content and reduced after-taste are required.
Sodium Saccharin is used in low-calorie foods such as jam, beverages, and desserts.
Sodium Saccharin is also termed sodium benzosulfimide.

Sodium Saccharin is a non-nutritive sweetener; pharmaceutic aid (flavor).
Sodium Saccharin was formerly listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen; delisted because the cancer data are not sufficient to meet the current criteria for this listing.
Usually used in high performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous separation and determination of acesulfame potassium, saccharine and aspartame;and also used in sweet preference test of rats.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Sodium Saccharin is an intense sweetening agent used in beverages, food products, table-top sweeteners, and oral hygiene products such as toothpastes and mouthwashes.
In oral pharmaceutical formulations, Sodium Saccharin is used at a concentration of 0.02–0.5% w/w.
Sodium Saccharin has been used in chewable tablet formulations as a sweetening agent.
Sodium Saccharin has been used to form various pharmaceutical cocrystals.
Sodium Saccharin can be used to mask some unpleasant taste characteristics or to enhance flavor systems.
Sodium Saccharin's sweetening power is approximately 300–600 times that of sucrose.

Production Methods
Sodium Saccharin is prepared from toluene by a series of reactions known as the Remsen–Fahlberg method.
Toluene is first reacted with chlorosulfonic acid to form o-toluenesulfonyl chloride, which is reacted with ammonia to form the sulfonamide.
The methyl group is then oxidized with dichromate, yielding o-sulfamoylbenzoic acid, which forms the cyclic imide saccharin when heated.
An alternative method involves a refined version of the Maumee process.
Methyl anthranilate is initially diazotized to form 2- carbomethoxybenzenediazonium chloride; sulfonation followed by oxidation then yields 2-carbomethoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride.
Amidation of this material, followed by acidification, forms insoluble acid saccharin.

Preparation
Sodium Saccharin is synthesized using two methods: the Remsen-Fahlberg process and the Maumee or Sherwin-Williams method.
The Remsen-Fahlberg synthesis of saccharin starts by reacting toluene with chlorosulfonic acid to give ortho and para forms of toluene-sulfonic acid.
The acid can be converted to sulfonyl chlorides by treating with phosphorus pentachloride. The ortho form, o-toluene-sulfonyl chloride, is treated with ammonia to give o-toluene-sulfonamide, which is then oxidized with potassium permanganate to produce o-sulfamido-benzoic acid.

On heating, the latter yields saccharin.
Another synthesis was developed at Maumee Chemical Company in Toledo, Ohio, and Sodium Saccharin came to be known as the Maumee process.
This process starts with phthalic anhydride, which is converted into anthranilic acid.
Anthranilic acid is then reacted with nitrous acid, sulfur dioxide, chlorine, and ammonia to give saccharin.
The Maumee process was further refi ned by the Sherwin-Williams Company and is therefore now referred to as the Sherwin-Williams process.

Reactivity Profile
pH of 0.35% aqueous solution: 2.0. Organic amides/imides react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases.
Flammable gases are formed by the reaction of organic amides/imides with strong reducing agents.
Amides are very weak bases (weaker than water).
Imides are less basic yet and in fact react with strong bases to form salts.
That is, they can react as acids.
Mixing amides with dehydrating agents such as P2O5 or SOCl2 generates the corresponding nitrile.
The combustion of these compounds generates mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

Synonyms
saccharin
81-07-2
o-Benzoic sulfimide
o-Sulfobenzimide
Saccharine
Saccharimide
Benzosulfimide
Benzoic sulfimide
Garantose
o-Benzosulfimide
Benzosulphimide
Saccharinol
Saccharinose
Gluside
Benzosulfinide
Hermesetas
Saccharol
Glucid
Saccharin acid
Benzoic sulphimide
Kandiset
Sacarina
Sucrette
Zaharina
Saccharin insoluble
Sykose
Saxin
o-Benzoyl sulfimide
Sucre edulcor
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 1,1-dioxide
Benzo-2-sulphimide
Sweeta
Benzoylsulfonic Imide
o-Benzosulphimide
o-Sulfobenzoic acid imide
Insoluble saccharin
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide
Natreen
Sacharin
o-Benzoic sulphimide
o-Benzoyl sulphimide
2-Sulphobenzoic imide
Benzoic acid sulfimide
Anhydro-o-sulfaminebenzoic acid
2,3-Dihydro-3-oxobenzisosulfonazole
550 Saccharine
Benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide
1,2-Dihydro-2-ketobenzisosulfonazole
3-Benzisothiazolinone 1,1-dioxide
Benzosulfimide, O-
Rcra waste number U202
Sulfobenzimide, O-
3-Hydroxybenzisothiazole S,S-dioxide
Saccharinum
2,3-Dihydro-3-oxobenzisosulphonazole
1,2-Dihydro-2-ketobenzisosulphonazole
Benzo-sulphinide
1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one 1,1-dioxide
3-Hydroxybenzisothiazole-S,S-dioxide
Sacharin [Czech]
2-Sulfobenzoic acid imide
Saccharin [USAN]
Saccharin, insoluble
1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one
SACCHARIN SODIUM
HSDB 669
Syncal
DTXSID5021251
o-Benzoic acid sulfimide
1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one, 1,1-dioxide
UNII-FST467XS7D
NSC 5349
NSC 5731
NSC-5349
EINECS 201-321-0
FST467XS7D
Saccharin [NF]
Cristallose
Crystallose
Kristallose
Willosetten
Madhurin
Sucromat
Sodium saccharin
INS NO.954(I)
CHEBI:32111
Saccharin-13C6
Saccharin soluble
Sodium saccharide
Sodium saccharine
Soluble saccharin
AI3-38107
Saccharine soluble
INS-954(I)
RCRA waste no. U202
Saccharin, sodium salt
E-954(I)
Sodium o-benzosulfimide
1,1-Dioxide-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one
CHEMBL310671
DTXCID401251
1,1-Dioxo-1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one
1,2-Benzothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide
o-Sulfonbenzoic acid imide sodium salt
EC 201-321-0
1,1-Dioxo-1,2-dihydro-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one
Dagutan
1,1-Diox-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one
2,3-Dihydroxy-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one-1,1-dioxide
NCGC00094918-03
E954
SACCHARIN (II)
SACCHARIN [II]
Saccharin, soluble
1,2-Benzisothiazoline-3-one 1,1-dioxide
SACCHARIN (IARC)
SACCHARIN [IARC]
Saccharinate ammonium
1,1-Dioxide-1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one
SACCHARIN (MART.)
SACCHARIN [MART.]
Saccharin sodium salt
SACCHARIN (USP-RS)
SACCHARIN [USP-RS]
Sodium o-sulfobenzimide
Sucram C 150
Saccharine, sodium salt
2,3-dihydro-1$l^{6},2-benzothiazole-1,1,3-trione
2,3-Dihydro-1,2-benzoisothiazol-3-one-1,1-dioxide
Artificial sweetening substanz gendorf 450
Saccharin, sodium deriv.
SACCHARIN (EP MONOGRAPH)
SACCHARIN [EP MONOGRAPH]
C7H4NO3S.Na
C7H5NO3S.Na
C7H5NO3S.H3N
128-44-9
o-Benzoylsulfimide sodium salt
C7-H5-N-O3-S.Na
Saccharin (only persons who manufacture are subject, no supplier notification)
SACCHARIN, AMMONIUM SALT
C7H5NO3S
CAS-81-07-2
Saccharin sodium deriv. (6CI)
NSC4867
NSC5731
C7-H5-N-O3-S.H3-N
Tolunene-2-sulfonamide
1,1-Dioxo-1,2-dihydro-benzo(d)isothiazol-3-one
sacarimida
sacarinol
sacarinosa
sacarol
Benzosulfimida
Benzosulfinida
Glycophenol
Neosaccharin
Garantosa
Saccharin, sodium Delisted January 17, 2003
Saccharin, sodium Delisted January 17, 2003
o-Benzosulfimida
o-Sulfobenzimida
SR-01000389315
ulfonylurea TP3
benzoico sulfimida
benzoico sulfinida
1 2-Benzothiazol-3(2H)-one 1 1-dioxide sodium salt
Benzoic sulphinide
Sacarina insoluble
Benzo-2-sulfiide
O-Benzoylsulfimide
sacarinato de sodio, sacarina de sodio, sacarina soluble
Saccharin nitranion
1 2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one 1 1-dioxide sodium salt (8CI)
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide, ammonium salt
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 1,1-dioxide, ammonium salt
12-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one11-dioxide sodium salt (9CI)
12-Benzisothiazolin-3-one11-dioxide sodium deriv. (7CI)
2-Sulfobenzoicimide
550 sacarina
M07 (saccharin)
sulfimida o-benzoico
sulfimida o-benzoilo
O-Sulfobenzoic imide
Sweeta (TN)
o-sulphobenzoic imide
2-Sulfobenzoic imide
1, 2- benzisothiazol- 3(2H)- one 1, 1- dioxide, sodium salt
1,2 - benzisothiazol - 3(2H) - one 1,1 - dioxide, sodium salt
Oxasulfuron metabolite
Spectrum_000213
Saccharin, >=98%
Saccharin, >=99%
SACCHARIN [FCC]
SACCHARIN [JAN]
SACCHARIN [MI]
SACCHARIN [HSDB]
SACCHARIN [INCI]
6381-61-9
Saccharin (JP15/NF)
Saccharin (JP17/NF)
Saccharin (manufacturing)
Spectrum2_001432
Spectrum3_001475
Spectrum4_000449
Spectrum5_001181
SACCHARIN [VANDF]
SACCHARINUM [HPUS]
D0A0YX
WLN: T56 BSWMVJ
SACCHARIN [WHO-DD]
SCHEMBL3816
Saccharin, puriss., 98%
NCIOpen2_005140
NCIOpen2_005180
Saccharin (IN-00581)
BSPBio_003029
KBioGR_000838
KBioSS_000693
DivK1c_000164
SPECTRUM1501171
SPBio_001564
GTPL5432
BDBM29278
HMS500I06
KBio1_000164
KBio2_000693
KBio2_003261
KBio2_005829
KBio3_002529
NSC5349
2,3-dihidro-3-oxobenzisosulfozol
2q38
NINDS_000164
1,1-Dioxo-1,2-dihydro-1lambda*6*-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one
1,2-dihidro-2-ketobenzisosulfozol
HMS1921N03
HMS2092J09
Pharmakon1600-01501171
3-Benzisothiazolinone 1 1-dioxide
BCP29068
HY-Y0272
STR03759
1,2-dihidro-2-cetobenzisosulfonazol
3-Benzisothiazolinone 1, 1-dioxide
o-Benzoic sulfimide;o-Sulfobenzimide
Saccharin Delisted April 6, 2001
Tox21_111358
Tox21_201880
Tox21_302950
2 3-Dihydro-3-oxobenzisosulfonazole
3-Hydroxybenzisothiazole-S S-dioxide
BBL015343
CCG-39011
MFCD00005866
NSC757878
s4819
STK803263
1 2-Dihydro-2-ketobenzisosulfonazole
Saccharin Delisted April 6, 2001
2, 3-Dihydro-3-oxobenzisosulfonazole
2,3-Dihydro-3-oxo-Benzisosulfonazole
AKOS000120481
AKOS017272711
Tox21_111358_1
1, 2-Dihydro-2-ketobenzisosulfonazole
1,2-Benzisothiazolinone, 1,1-Dioxide
DB12418
LS-1805
NSC-757878
IDI1_000164
1.2-benzoisothiazole-3-on-1.1-dioxide
Benzisosulfonazole, 2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-
NCGC00094918-01
NCGC00094918-02
NCGC00094918-04
NCGC00094918-05
NCGC00094918-06
NCGC00094918-07
NCGC00094918-09
NCGC00256329-01
NCGC00259429-01
1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one-1,1-dioxide
1.2 -benzoisothiazole-3-on 1.1-dioxide
SBI-0051671.P002
1 1-Dioxo-1 2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one
1, 2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one 1,1-dioxide
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-on-1,1-dioxid
1,1-dioxo-1,2-bencisotiazol-3 (2H)-ona
1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzisotiazol-3 (2H)-una
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one,1,1-dioxide
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one-1,1-dioxide
B0004
CS-0013120
FT-0674493
FT-0674494
12-Benzisothiazolin-3-one11-dioxide (8CI)
EN300-18624
D01085
D70140

SYNONYMS Water glass; Soluble glass; Silicate of soda; Silicic Acid Sodium Salt; Sodium silicate glass; Sodium Silicate Solution; CAS NO. 1344-09-8

DESCRIPTION:
Sodium selenite is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2SeO3.
Sodium selenite is a colourless solid.
The pentahydrate Na2SeO3(H2O)5 is the most common water-soluble selenium compound.

CAS Number: 10102-18-8
EC Number: 233-267-9
Molecular Weight: 172.94
Linear Formula:: Na2SeO3

Sodium Selenite is a source of selenium in biological research, where selenium is an essential trace element that is normally provided by serum.
Selenium is present in selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, which contain the selenium analog of cysteine, selenocysteine.
In particular, glutathione peroxidase has a role in detoxification in vivo as a scavenger of peroxides.

Sodium selenite is included in various medium supplements for use in cell culture.
Sodium selenite has been utilized in studies of cell proliferation and cancer research.
Sodium Selenite has been used to alter gene expression in HepG2 cells as analyzed by cDNA microarrays.

Sodium selenite can inhibit zinc finger protein/DNA interactions.
Sodium selenite has been shown to alter mitochondrial membrane potentials and thus potentially contribute to apoptosis.

Selenium is a fundamental element of the glutathione-peroxidase enzyme which, in synergy with vitamin E, has the function of protecting the phospholipids of cell membranes from oxidation-reduction reactions.
Sodium selenite can be added both in inorganic form and as organic selenium.
Its deficiency can cause problems with genitalia and myopathies in young animals.

SYNTHESIS AND FUNDAMENTAL REACTIONS:
Sodium selenite usually is prepared by the reaction of selenium dioxide with sodium hydroxide:
SeO2 + 2 NaOH → Na2SeO3 + H2O
The hydrate converts to the anhydrous salt upon heating to 40 °C.

According to X-ray crystallography, both anhydrous Na2SeO3 and its pentahydrate feature pyramidal SeO32−.
The Se-O distances range from 1.67 to 1.72 Å.
Oxidation of this anion gives sodium selenate, Na2SeO4.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM SELENITE:
Chemical formula: Na2O3Se
Molar mass: 172.948 g•mol−1
Appearance: colourless solid
Density: 3.1 g/cm3
Melting point: decomposes at 710 °C
Solubility in water: 85 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility: insoluble in ethanol
Structure:
Crystal structure: tetragonal
Molecular Weight: 172.95
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 173.88080
Monoisotopic Mass: 173.88080
Topological Polar Surface Area: 63.2 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 18.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
logP -1.3 Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 1.2
Physiological Charge: -2
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 4
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 63.19 Å2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Refractivity: 17.44 m3•mol-1
Polarizability: 5.32 Å3
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No
Appearance (Colour): White to off-white
Appearance (Form): Crystalline powder
Solubility (Turbidity) 10% aq. Solution: Clear to slight opalescent
Solubility (Colour) 10% aq. Solution: Colourless
Assay (Iodometric): min. 99%
Chloride (CI): max. 0.005%
Sulphate (SO4): max. 0.005%
Iron (Fe): max. 0.001%
Heavy Metals (Pb): max. 0.0005%
Copper (Cu): max. 0.0005%
Nitrogen Compounds (N): max. 0.005%
Potassium (K): max. 0.005%

Sodium Selenite is an inorganic form of the trace element selenium with potential antineoplastic activity.
Selenium, administered in the form of sodium selenite, is reduced to hydrogen selenide (H2Se) in the presence of glutathione (GSH) and subsequently generates superoxide radicals upon reaction with oxygen.
This may inhibit the expression and activity of the transcription factor Sp1; in turn Sp1 down-regulates androgen receptor (AR) expression and blocks AR signaling.

Eventually, selenium may induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells and inhibit tumor cell proliferation.
Sodium selenite appears as a white colored crystalline solid.
Soluble in water and more dense than water.
Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes.

Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption.
Sodium selenite is a chemical compound of sodium and selenium.
Sodium selenite is the most common water-soluble form of selenium.

Together with the related barium and zinc salts, sodium selenite is mainly used in the manufacture of colorless glass.
Its pink coloration cancels out the green color imparted by iron impurities.
Selenium is a nonmetal element with the atomic number 34 and the chemical symbol Se.
Selenium rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature and is usually found in sulfide ores such as pyrite, partially replacing the sulfur in the ore matrix.
Sodium selenite may also be found in silver, copper, lead, and nickel minerals.

Though selenium salts are toxic in large amounts, trace amounts of the element are necessary for cellular function in most animals, forming the active center of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, and three known deiodinase enzymes.

Sodium selenite pentahydrate is a model system that exhibits antioxidative properties and can be used as an antimicrobial agent.
It has been shown to have therapeutic benefits in the treatment of metabolic disorders and also has antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral properties.

The reaction between sodium selenite pentahydrate and malonic acid generates hydrogen peroxide, which has been shown to inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells.
Sodium selenite pentahydrate is used as a plasma mass spectrometry standard for the identification of sodium salts in animal tissue.
Sodium selenite is also used to produce probiotic bacteria that are beneficial to human health.

APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM SELENITE:
Together with the related barium and zinc selenites, sodium selenite is mainly used in the manufacture of colorless glass.
The pink color imparted by these selenites cancels out the green color imparted by iron impurities.

Because selenium is an essential element, sodium selenite is an ingredient in dietary supplements such as multi-vitamin/mineral products, but supplements that provide only selenium use L-selenomethionine or a selenium-enriched yeast.

The US Food and Drug Administration approved a selenium supplement to animal diets; the most common form is sodium selenite for pet foods.
According to one article, "not much was known about which selenium compounds to approve for use in animal feeds when the decisions were made back in the 1970s .
At the time the regulatory action was taken, only the inorganic selenium salts (sodium selenite and sodium selenate) were available at a cost permitting their use in animal feed.”

Sodium selenite has been proposed as an effective suicide agent.

Safety:
Selenium is toxic in high concentrations.
As sodium selenite, the chronic toxic dose for human beings was described as about 2.4 to 3 milligrams of selenium per day.
In 2000, the U.S. Institute of Medicine set the adult Tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for selenium from all sources - food, drinking water and dietary supplements - at 400 μg/day.
The European Food Safety Authority reviewed the same safety question and set its UL at 300 μg/day.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SODIUM SELENITE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

SYNONYMS OF SODIUM SELENITE:
MeSH Entry Terms:
Biselenite, Sodium
Disodium Selenite
Monosodium Selenite
Pentahydrate, Sodium Selenite
Selenite pentahydrate, Sodium
Selenite, Disodium
Selenite, Monosodium
Selenite, Sodium
Selenous Acid Disodium Salt
Selenous Acid, Disodium Salt
Sodium Biselenite
Sodium Selenite
Sodium Selenite pentahydrate
Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
SODIUM SELENITE
Disodium selenite
10102-18-8
Natriumselenit
Selenious acid, disodium salt
Selenious Acid Disodium Salt
disodium;selenite
Disodium selenium trioxide
Sodium selenite anhydrous
MFCD00003489
Selenious acid, sodium salt (1:2)
HIW548RQ3W
CHEBI:48843
NSC-347466
Sodium selenite (JAN)
SODIUM SELENITE [JAN]
10102-18-8(disodiumsalt)7782-82-3(monosodiumsalt)
dinatriumselenit
Natriumselenit [German
Selenite sodium
CCRIS 1260
HSDB 768
EINECS 233-267-9
NA2630
UNII-HIW548RQ3W
Sodium-selenite
H2-O3-Se.1/2Na
Aselend (TN)
Sodium Selenite,(S)
EC 233-267-9
DSSTox_CID_12077
DSSTox_RID_78904
DSSTox_GSID_32077
SODIUM SELENITE [MI]
SODIUM SELENITE [HSDB]
CHEMBL112302
SODIUM SELENITE [VANDF]
DISODIUM SELENITE [INCI]
DTXSID0032077
SODIUM SELENITE [WHO-DD]
Tox21_202977
SODIUM SELENITE [GREEN BOOK]
AKOS015912461
SODIUM SELENITE [EP MONOGRAPH]
NSC 347466
Sodium selenite [NA2630] [Poison]
NCGC00260523-01
CAS-10102-18-8
D10530
SODIUM SELENITE HIGH PURITY GRADE 100G
Q414626

Sodium silicate, commonly known as 'water glass,' is prominent due to its wide commercial and industrial applications, including its use as a fireproofing agent, in cement formulations, and as a binder in various industries.
Sodium silicate's excellent water solubility makes it valuable in household chemicals, water treatment processes, and for fireproofing wood and fabrics.
The various grades of sodium silicate are characterized by their SiO₂ - ₂O weight ratio, which affects their application in different industrial processes such as adhesives, water treatment, and construction materials.

CAS Number: 6834-92-0
EC Number: 229-912-9
Molecular Formula: H2O3Si.2Na
Molecular weight: 122,063

Synonyms: SODIUM SILICATE, Sodium metasilicate, 6834-92-0, 1344-09-8, Waterglass, Sodium siliconate, Water glass, Disodium metasilicate, Sodium sesquisilicate, Sodium silicate glass, Sodium water glass, Britesil, Carsil, Dryseq, Sikalon, Silican, Soluble glass, Agrosil S, Agrosil LR, Portil A, Silica E, Silica K, Silica N, Silica R, Pyramid 1, Pyramid 8, Carsil (silicate), Britesil H 20, Britesil H 24, Silicic acid, sodium salt, Dupont 26, Metso pentabead 20, Metso 99, Metso beads 2048, Caswell No. 792, Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), disodium oxosilanediolate, as Bond 1001, 49FG, L 96 (salt), Silicic acid (H2SiO3), disodium salt, Sodium metasilicate, anhydrous, Sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3), HSDB 5028, EINECS 215-687-4, UNII-IJF18F77L3, DP 222, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 072603, N 38, Q 70, CHEBI:60720, MFCD00003492, disodium;dioxido(oxo)silane, Silicic acid (H2SiO3), disodium salt, pentahydrate (8CI,9CI), Sodium metasilicate anhydrous, IJF18F77L3, EC 215-687-4, Crystamet, Orthosil, 052612U92L, Silicic acid (H2SiO3), sodium salt (1:2), Simet A, Sodium metasilicate, puriss., Metso beads, drymet, Disodium monosilicate, Metso 20, HK 30 (van), HSDB 753, EINECS 229-912-9, disodium oxosilanebis(olate), Silicic acid, disodium salt, Chemsilate, Ru Silicate, UNII-052612U92L, sodium meta-silicate, Sodium silicon oxide, STARSO, SUPERCERAC, XYPEX, For fly ash activator, N 38 (silicate), GM 10 (silicate), PORTIL AW, STIXSO RR, PORTIL K, PORTIL N, SIMET AP, EXPANTROL 4BW, Silicic acid (H2SiO3) , disodium salt, DAB VI, EXPANTROL 2, PQ N CLEAR, WATER GLASS 3, SIMET 5G, SILCO 4, BRITESIL C 20, BRITESIL C 24, CRYSTAL 79, SIMET GA 5, ANTEF C 2, ANTEF M 1, CRYSTAL 100N, CRYSTAL 120A, Epitope ID:158534, PYRAMID P 40, SILCO S 4, ZEOPOL 25, ZEOPOL 33, EC 229-912-9, SILICON SODIUM OXIDE, SODIUM BETA-SILICATE, NASIL 40, DU PONT 26, P 84 (SILICATE), CRYSTAL 0070, HK 30 (SILICATE), SILCHEM 2500, SP 20 (SILICATE), SP 33 (SILICATE), SP 70 (SILICATE), SP 90 (SILICATE), B-W, METSO 510, K 28 (BINDER), SS 3 (SALT), STABISOL 300/12, METSO 2048, SS 3, DTXSID7029669, DTXSID9029647, SODIUM METASILICATE [MI], SODIUM SILICATE (MART.), P 3 SAXIN 5502, GM 10, HK 30, SB 41, SODIUM METASILICATE [HSDB], SP 33, SP 70, SP 90, AMY37025, SS-C 200, HS 240, SODIUM METASILICATE [WHO-DD], AKOS024429002, s15025, Silicic acid (CH2SiO3), disodium salt, SILICON SODIUM OXIDE (SINA2O3), SODIUM SILICON OXIDE (NA2SIO3), 84992-49-4, L 96, NS00074479, Q425397, Sodium trisilicate, >=18% Na (as Na2O) basis, >=60% Si (as SiO2) basis, powder, Waterglass, Disodium metasilicate, Sodium siliconate, Sodium polysilicate, Water glass, Sodium sesquisilicate, Sodium silicate glass, Sodium silicate solution, Sodium water glass, Disodium silicat, Sodium metasilicate, anhydrous, 49FG, disodium oxosilanediolate, UNII-052612U92L

Sodium silicate with a wide range of applications in many branches of the chemical, processing and construction industries.
Sodium silicate is an ecological product, used e.g. for wood impregnation.

The color of Sodium silicate is iridescent with a gray shade or a clear liquid without smell.
Sodium silicate is characterized by many parameters such as molar concentration, molar ratio, density, sum of oxides and viscosity.

These parameters determine the quality of Sodium silicate and its applicability.
Sodium silicate has a very wide range of applications in the chemical industry, processing and construction.

Due to Sodium silicates good water solubility, Sodium silicate is used in the production of household chemicals, e.g. detergents, powders and washing up liquids.
In the water treatment process, to clean Sodium silicate of heavy metals, to soften to get rid of compounds that cause scale deposits.

Sodium silicate is also used for the preparation and impregnation of wood and fabrics to obtain a fireproof surface (wood impregnated with water glass does not support the burning process).
Another branch of industry in which water glass is used is the paper industry, used for whitening cellulose products and chipboard, and as a binder for various types of adhesive compounds, i.e. glues and putties.

In construction as an addition
to ement or mortar. Formulations based on water glasses are called ecological building materials.

Sodium silicate regulates the process of moisture absorption, strengthens concrete, increases the adhesion and resistance of plasters to weather conditions, i.e. low temperature and humidity.
In the steel industry, for the production of high quality foundry molds.

Sodium silicate is also used for the production of corrosion inhibitors and for the production of anti-dusting agents.
In the cosmetics industry for the production of pigments.

To stabilize soil and land, and even in the refinery industry to stabilize the structure of oil.
The anions are often poymeric.

These compounds are generally colorless transpaent solids or white powders, and soluble in water in various amounts.
Sodium silicate is also the technical and common name for a mixture of such compounds, chiefly the metasilicate, also called waterglass, water glass, or liquid glass.

The product has a wide variety of uses, including the formulation of cements, passive fire protection, textile and lumber processing, manufacture of refractory ceramics, as adhesives, and in the production of silica gel.
The commercial product, available in water solution or in solid form, is often greenish or blue owing to the presence of iron-containing impurities.

In industry, the various grades of sodium silicate are characterized by their SiO2:Na2O weight ratio (which can be converted to molar ratio by multiplication with 1.032).
The ratio can vary between 1:2 and 3.75:1.

Grades with ratio below 2.85:1 are termed alkaline.
Those with a higher SiO2:Na2O ratio are described as neutral.

Sodium silicate appears as a powdered or flaked solid substance.
Strong irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

Concentrated aqueous solutions used as a glue.
Sodium silicate is an inorganic sodium salt having silicate as the counterion.

Sodium silicate contains a silicate ion.
The most well-known example is meta silicate and its formula is Na2SiO3.

Sodium silicate is known as water glass or liquid glass.
Silicates are widely used in the chemical and textile industry.

The most commonly used examples are sodium silicate and potassium silicate.
The purer ones of sodium silicate are colorless or white in color.

Sodium silicate is usually found colorless. However, commercially used derivatives may contain colors such as blue or green.
Sodium silicate is the most important of the soluble silicates. This material is often called “water glass” and is ordinarily supplied as a colorless, viscous water solution displaying little tack.

Positive pressure must be used to hold the substrates together. This material will withstand temperatures of up to 1100 °C.
The main applications of sodium silicate adhesives are in bonding paper and making corrugated boxboard, boxes, and cartons.

They are also used in wood bonding and in bonding metal sheets to various substrates; in bonding glass to glass, porcelain, leather, textiles, stoneware, and so on; bonding glass-fiber assemblies; optical glass applications; manufacture of shatter-proof glass; bonding insulation materials; refractory cements for tanks, boilers, ovens, furnaces; acid-proof cements; fabrication of foundry molds; briquettes; and abrasive polishing wheel cements.
Sodium silicate is a chemical compound of silicon dioxide (SiO2 from pure silver sand), disodiumoxide (Na2O) and water.

The great success of sodium silicate is explained by its versatile functionality.
Sodium silicate offers a highly interesting combination of properties, which can be adapted freely to meet your requirements, changing the ratio between its components.

We are at your complete service to assist you in selecting the most appropriate sodium silicate for your application.
Sodium Silicate Solutions are moderate to highly concentrated liquid solutions of sodium silicate for use in chemical synthesis, solution deposition and other applications.

Sodium silicate, commonly known as “waterglass”, is prominent due to wide commercial and industrial application.
Sodium silicate is often composed of an oxygen-silicon polymer backbone housing water in molecular matrix pores.

Sodium silicate products are manufactured as solids or thick liquids, depending on intended use.
For instance, waterglass functions as a sealant in metal components.

Lastly, although sodium silicate production is a mature industry, there is ongoing research for new applications given its heat conductive properties.
Sodium silicate, 2Na2OSiO2, is the simplest form of glass.

Sodium silicate is found as lumps of greenish glass soluble in steam under pressure, white powders of varying degrees of solubility, or liquids cloudy or clear.
Sodium silicate is noncombustible; however, when the powdered form is suspended in air, Sodium silicate could cause a dust explosion if an ignition source is present.

Breathing the dust may also cause health problems.
The glass form could also create a hazard to responders in an accident.
The primary uses are as catalysts, soaps, adhesives, water treatment, bleaching, waterproofing, and flame retardant.

The general formula of sodium silicate is Na2 (SiO2) nO.
The most well-known example is meta silicate and its formula is Na2SiO3.

Sodium silicate is known as water glass or liquid glass.
Silicates are widely used in the chemical and textile industry.

The most commonly used examples are sodium silicate and potassium silicate.
The purer ones of sodium silicate are colorless or white in color.

Sodium silicate is usually found colorless.
However, commercially used derivatives may contain colors such as blue or green.

Uses of Sodium Silicate:
Sodium silicate is used in catalysts, silica gels, detergents, bleaching paper and textiles, ore treatments, foundry molds, and drilling fluids.
Sodium silicate is also used to waterproof cement and as a fireproofing agent.

Sodium silicate is used as a starting material for zeolites and silica catalysts, as an adhesive and binder, corrosion inhibitor, penetrating sealant, in cements, drilling fluids, for fireproofing wood, paper, and fabric, as a detergent booster, in waste water treatment, and as shell coating to preserve eggs.
Sodium silicate is used as a flocculant to separate solid from liquid phases in aqueous suspensions.

Alkali metal silicates are used as starting materials for products like silicas and zeolites, in detergents and cleaners, and pulp and paper production
Sodium silicate is also used to a lesser extent in soil stabilization and sealing, adhesives and binders (construction materials, paperboard and cardboard, ceramic binders, refractories, welding rods, and foundry molds and cores), surface coatings (titanium dioxide production, paints for masonry and glass, and spray coatings for tunnel construction and mining), water/wastewater treatment, enhanced oil recovery, and textile processing (bleach and dye stabilizing).
Sodium silicate is used as an anticaking agent, drying agent, humectant, and processing aid for foods.

Sodium silicate is used as a starting material for zeolites and silica catalysts, as an adhesive and binder, corrosion inhibitor, penetrating sealant, in cements, drilling fluids, for fireproofing wood, paper, and fabric, as a detergent booster, in waste water treatment, and as shell coating to preserve eggs.
Sodium silicate is used in boiler compounds, cleaners (laundry, dairy, floor, and metal), bleaches, aluminum paint strippers, pesticides (insecticides, fungicides, and antimicrobials), for deinking paper, and washing carbonated drinking bottles; Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when directly added to human food.

Exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a surfactant, emulsifier, wetting agent, suspending agent, dispersing agent, or buffer.
Modifies water hardness in soaps and detergents.
Sodium silicate is also used as anti-corrosive agent in boiler water; Produced in anhydrous, pentahydrate, and nonahydrate forms.

Sodium silicate is an important glass industry chemical compound, due to the presence of silica and sodium oxide.
The liquid form of sodium silicate finds many applications such as iron deflocculant in wastewater treatment plants, glass manufacturing, fire protection, detergent auxiliaries, cement formulation, drilling fluids, textile processing, desiccant, production of silica gel and manufacture of refractory ceramics.

Sodium silicate solution is used as a paper cement in the production of cardboard.
Sodium silicate is used as a drilling fluid for the stabilization of borehole walls.

In the automotive industry, this chemical compound is used as a crack sealer and exhaust system joint for repairing resonators, tailpipes, mufflers and other components.
Sodium silicate is used for the preservation of eggs, when refrigeration is not available.

Sodium silicate flocculant is used to clarify beer and wine, through precipitation of colloidal particles.
Gels of sodium silicate are used as substrates for the growth of algae in aquaculture hatcheries.

Industry Uses:
Pigments
Surfactant (surface active agent)
Other
Absorbent
Intermediates
Dust suppressant
Intermediate
Surface active agents
Functional fluids (open systems)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Filler
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Corrosion inhibitor
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Binder
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Stabilizing agent
Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
Cleaning agent
Other (specify)
Plasticizers

Consumer Uses:
Binder
Corrosion inhibitor
Thickening agent
Chelating agent
Other (specify)
Hardener
Adsorbent
Other
Processing aids not otherwise specified
Surfactant (surface active agent)
Adhesion/cohesion promoter
Surface active agents
Intermediate
Flame retardants
Filler
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Chemical reaction regulator
Surface modifier
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Adhesives and sealant chemicals

Other Uses of Sodium Silicate:

Adhesive:
The largest application of sodium silicate solutions is a cement for producing cardboard.
When used as a paper cement, the tendency is for the sodium silicate joint eventually to crack within a few years, at which point Sodium silicate no longer holds the paper surfaces cemented together.

Sodium silicate solutions can also be used as a spin-on adhesive layer to bond glass to glass
Sodium silicate glass-to-glass bonding has the advantage that Sodium silicate is a low temperature bonding technique, as opposed to fusion bonding.

Sodium silicate is also less processing intensive than glass-to-glass anodic bonding, which requires an intermediate layer such as SiN to act as a diffusion barrier for sodium ions.
Deposition of such a layer requires a low pressure chemical vapor deposition step.

A disadvantage of sodium silicate bonding, however, is that Sodium silicate is very difficult to eliminate air bubbles.
This is due in part because this bonding technique doesn't require bonding in vacuum and Sodium silicate also doesn't use field assistance like in anodic bonding.
Though this lack of field assistance can sometimes be beneficial, because field assistance can provide such high attraction between wafers as to bend a thinner wafer and collapse onto the nanofluidic cavity or MEMS elements.

Drilling fluids:
Sodium silicate is frequently used in drilling fluids to stabilize borehole walls and to avoid the collapse of bore walls.
Sodium silicate is particularly useful when drill holes pass through argillaceous formations containing swelling clay minerals such as smectite or montmorillonite.

Concrete and general masonry treatment:
Concrete treated with a sodium silicate solution helps to reduce porosity in most masonry products such as concrete, stucco, and plasters.
This effect aids in reducing water penetration, but has no known effect on reducing water vapor transmission and emission.

A chemical reaction occurs with the excess present in the concrete that permanently binds the silicates with the surface, making them far more durable and water repellent.
This treatment generally is applied only after the initial cure has taken place.

These coatings are known as silicate mineral paint.
An example of the reaction of sodium silicate with the calcium hydroxide found in concrete to form calcium silicate hydrate (or C-S-H) gel, the main product in hydrated Portland cement, follows.

Detergent auxiliaries:
Sodium silicate is used in detergent auxiliaries such as complex sodium disilicate and modified sodium disilicate.
The detergent granules gain their ruggedness from a coating of silicates.

Water treatment:
Sodium silicate is used as an alum coagulant and an iron flocculant in wastewater treatment plants.
Sodium silicate binds to colloidal molecules, creating larger aggregates that sink to the bottom of the water column.

The microscopic negatively charged particles suspended in water interact with sodium silicate.
Their electrical double layer collapses due to the increase of ionic strength caused by the addition of sodium silicate (doubly negatively charged anion accompanied by two sodium cations) and they subsequently aggregate.
This process is called coagulation.

Refractory use:
Sodium silicate is a useful binder of solids, such as vermiculite and perlite.
When blended with the aforementioned lightweight aggregates, Sodium silicate can be used to make hard, high-temperature insulation boards used for refractories, passive fire protection and high temperature insulations, such as moulded pipe insulation applications.

When mixed with finely divided mineral powders, such as vermiculite dust (which is common scrap from the exfoliation process), one can produce high temperature adhesives.
The intumescence disappears in the presence of finely divided mineral dust, whereby the waterglass becomes a mere matrix.
Sodium silicate is inexpensive and abundantly available, which makes its use popular in many refractory applications.

Sand casting:
Sodium silicate is used as a binder of the sand when doing sand casting of iron or steel.
Sodium silicate allows the rapid production of a strong mold, by passing CO2 through the mixture of sand and sodium silicate in the mold box, which hardens Sodium silicate almost instantly.

Dye auxiliary:
Sodium silicate solution is used as a fixative for hand dyeing with reactive dyes that require a high pH to react with the textile fiber.
After the dye is applied to a cellulose-based fabric, such as cotton or rayon, or onto silk, Sodium silicate is allowed to dry, after which the sodium silicate is painted on to the dyed fabric, covered with plastic to retain moisture, and left to react for an hour at room temperature.

Passive fire protection:
Expantrol proprietary sodium silicate suspended in about a 6.5-mm-thick layer of red rubber, type 3M FS195, inserted into a metal pipe, then heated, to demonstrate hard char intumescence, strong enough to shut a melting plastic pipe
Palusol-based intumescent plastic pipe device used for commercial firestopping

Sodium silicates are inherently intumescent.
They come in prill (solid beads) form, as well as the liquid, water glass.

The solid sheet form must be waterproofed to ensure long-term passive fire protection (PFP).
Standard, solid, bead-form sodium silicates have been used as aggregate within silicone rubber to manufacture plastic pipe firestop devices.

The silicone rubber was insufficient waterproofing to preserve the intumescing function and the products had to be recalled, which is problematic for firestops concealed behind drywall in buildings.
Pastes for caulking purposes are similarly unstable.

This, too, has resulted in recalls and even litigation.
Not unlike other intumescents, sodium silicate, both in bead form and in liquid form, are inherently endothermic, due to liquid water in the water glass and hydrates in the prill form.

The absence in the US of mandatory aging tests, whereby PFP systems are made to undergo system performance tests after the aging and humidity exposures, are at the root of the continued availability, in North America, of PFP products that can become inoperable within weeks of installation.
Indiscriminate use of sodium silicates without proper waterproofing measures are contributors to the problems and risk.

When sodium silicates are adequately protected, they function extremely well and reliably for long periods.
Evidence of this can be seen in the many DIBt approvals for plastic pipe firestop devices using Palusol (a product of BASF), which use waterproofed sodium silicate sheets.

Metal repair:
Sodium silicate is used, along with magnesium silicate, in muffler repair and fitting paste.
When dissolved in water, both sodium silicate and magnesium silicate form a thick paste that is easy to apply.

When the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine heats up to Sodium silicate's operating temperature, the heat drives out all of the excess water from the paste.
The silicate compounds that are left over have glass-like properties, making a temporary, brittle repair.

Automotive repair:
Sodium silicate is also used currently as an exhaust system joint and crack sealer for repairing mufflers, resonators, tailpipes, and other exhaust components, with and without fiberglass reinforcing tapes.
In this application, the sodium silicate (60–70%) is typically mixed with kaolin (40-30%), an aluminium silicate mineral, to make the sodium silicate "glued" joint opaque.

The sodium silicate, however, is the high-temperature adhesive; the kaolin serves simply as a compatible high-temperature coloring agent.
Some of these repair compounds also contain glass fibres to enhance their gap-filling abilities and reduce brittleness.

Sodium silicate can be used to fill gaps within the head gasket.
Commonly used on aluminum alloy cylinder heads, which are sensitive to thermally induced surface deflection.

This can be caused by many things including head-bolt stretching, deficient coolant delivery, high cylinder head pressure, overheating, etc.
Sodium silicate is added to the system through the radiator, and allowed to circulate.

Sodium silicate is suspended in the coolant until it reaches the cylinder head.
Sodium silicate loses water molecules to form a glass seal with a remelt temperature above 810 °C (1,490 °F).

A sodium silicate repair can last two years or longer.
The repair occurs rapidly, and symptoms disappear instantly.

Contamination of engine oil is a serious possibility in situations in which a coolant-to-oil leak is present.
Sodium silicate (glass particulate) contamination of lubricants is detrimental to their function.

Sodium silicate solution is used to inexpensively, quickly, and permanently disable automobile engines.
Running an engine with about 2 liters of a sodium silicate solution instead of motor oil causes the solution to precipitate, catastrophically damaging the engine's bearings and pistons within a few minutes.
In the United States, this procedure was used to comply with requirements of the Car Allowance Rebate System (CARS) program.

Safe construction:
A mixture of sodium silicate and sawdust has been used in between the double skin of certain safes.
This not only makes them more fire resistant, but also makes cutting them open with an oxyacetylene torch extremely difficult due to the smoke emitted.

Crystal gardens:
When crystals of a number of metallic salts are dropped into a solution of water glass, simple or branching stalagmites of coloured metal silicates are formed.
This phenomenon has been used by manufacturers of toys and chemistry sets to provide instructive enjoyment to many generations of children from the early 20th century until the present.

An early mention of crystals of metallic salts forming a "chemical garden" in sodium silicate is found in the 1946 Modern Mechanix magazine.
Metal salts used included the sulfates and/or chlorides of copper, cobalt, iron, nickel, and manganese.

Pottery:
Sodium silicate is used as a deflocculant in casting slips helping reduce viscosity and the need for large amounts of water to liquidize the clay body.
Sodium silicate is also used to create a crackle effect in pottery, usually wheel-thrown.

A vase or bottle is thrown on the wheel, fairly narrow and with thick walls.
Sodium silicate is brushed on a section of the piece.

After 5 minutes, the wall of the piece is stretched outward with a rib or hand.
The result is a wrinkled or cracked look.

Sodium silicate is also the main agent in "magic water", which is used when joining clay pieces, especially if the moisture level of the two differs.
Sealing of leaking water-containing structures

Sodium silicate with additives was injected into the ground to harden it and thereby to prevent further leakage of highly radioactive water from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan in April, 2011.
The residual heat carried by the water used for cooling the damaged reactors accelerated the setting of the injected mixture.

Applications of Sodium Silicate:
Employed in preparation of NaZnSiO3OH, a novel chiral framework material which has potential application in ion exchange, adsorption and catalysis.
The industry range in which sodium silicate is used is quite wide.

The areas where sodium silicate is used are commonly used in the chemical industry, cement industry, textile industry and timber processing industry.
Sodium silicate is also frequently used in automobiles and refractory machines.

Sodium silicate is colorless and clear in physical properties.
Sodium silicate is known as water glass or sıvı cam liquid glass.

In addition, the classification status may change depending on the crystal structure.
Sodium silicate is mixed with water, it has a physical structure similar to syrup.

Some sodium silicates may not be readily soluble in water.
Some sodium silicates may not be readily soluble in water.

Pressure must be applied to facilitate mixing of such sodium silicates with water.
Sodium silicate is widely used in detergent production, ceramic and pottery making, fireproof paper production, wood industry, cement industry and clothing dyes in the textile industry.

Sodium silicate is used for the hardening of concrete
Sodium silicate is used as a rust solvent in cleaning materials.

Other Applications:
Detergents
Paper
Water treatment
construction materials
Production of silica gel
As an ink solvent
Ceramic production
Clothing dyes
In mining

Applications Area:
Soil hardening agent and sealant for preventing leakage
Raw material for precipitated silica (white carbon)
Hydrogen peroxide stabilizer for bleaching paper pulp; ink remover for used paper
Hardening agent for castings sand
Buillder for synthetic detergent and soap additives

Properties of Sodium Silicate:
Sodium silicates are colorless glassy or crystalline solids, or white powders.
Except for the most silicon-rich ones, they are readily soluble in water, producing alkaline solutions.

Sodium silicates are stable in neutral and alkaline solutions.
In acidic solutions, the silicate ions react with hydrogen ions to form silicic acids, which tend to decompose into hydrated silicon dioxide gel.

Heated to drive off the water, the result is a hard translucent substance called silica gel, widely used as a desiccant.
Sodium silicate can withstand temperatures up to 1100 °C.

Sodium silicate is a low cost multi-functional product.
Sodium silicate offers an interesting combination of properties such as alkalinity, hardness-binding capacity, protection against corrosion.

This results in many diversified industrial applications.
Soluble sodium silicates are wholly inorganic and once diluted have no significant environmental impact.

They form by contact with Ca, Mg, Al or Fe insoluble silicates that occur in abundance in nature.
When neutralized they recycle themselves to amorphous silica.

Physical properties of sodium silicate-based substances make them very attractive for commercial/industrial use.
Liquids and solids based on sodium silicate and produced by PQ Corporation have a density from 1.6g/cubic cm. to about 1.4 g/cubic cm.

Also note that the data tables contain information on the observed state of each product under moderate conditions.
Sodium silicate products exist as white solid and a variety of liquids with visibly different properties.

Differences in reaction conditions and manufacturing methods lead to clear, opaque, and “syrupy” waterglass products.
Sodium silicates are crystalline solids that have a glassy appearance.

The common terms for an aqueous solution of sodium silicate are water glass and liquid glass.
They produce alkaline solutions, since they are soluble in water.

Sodium silicate is soluble is stable in alkaline as well as neutral solutions.
However, acidic medium, the ions of silicate react with the ions of hydrogen to produce silicic acid, which has the tendency to decompose into hydrated silicon dioxide gel.
The final product obtained, after driving off the water is silica gel, which is a hard-translucent substance.

Sodium silicates are colorless glassy or crystalline solids, or white powders.
Except for the most silicon-rich ones, they are readily soluble in water, producing alkaline solutions.
When dried up Sodium silicate still can be rehydrated back in water.

Sodium silicates are stable in neutral and alkaline solutions.
In acidic solutions, the silicate ions react with hydrogen ions to form silicic acids, which tend to decompose into hydrated silicon dioxide gel.

Heated to drive off the water, the result is a hard translucent substance called silica gel, widely used as a desiccant.
Sodium silicate can withstand temperatures up to 1100 °C.

Characteristics of Sodium Silicate:
Exhibits alkaline properties as water glass, with viscosity changing markedly depending on the concentration.
When a slightly large amount of acid is added to water glass, sol or gel silica（SiO2）will be disposed.

Solubility of Sodium Silicate:
Aqueous solution of sodium silicate - water glass is mixed with water in every ratio.
The product is insoluble in most organic solvents.

Production of Sodium Silicate:
Solutions of sodium silicates can be produced by treating a mixture of silica (usually as quartz sand), caustic soda, and water, with hot steam in a reactor.

The overall reaction is
2x NaOH + SiO2 → (Na2O)x·SiO2 + x H2O

Sodium silicates can also be obtained by dissolving silica SiO

2 (whose melting point is 1713 °C) in molten sodium carbonate (that melts with decomposition at 851 °C):
x Na2CO3 + SiO2 → (Na2O)x·SiO2 + CO2

The material can be obtained also from sodium sulfate (melting point 884 °C) with carbon as a reducing agent:
2x Na2SO4 + C + 2 SiO2 → 2 (Na2O)x·SiO2 + 2 SO2 + CO2

In 1990, 4 million tons of alkali metal silicates were produced.

Ferrosilicon:

Sodium silicate may be produced as a part of hydrogen production by dissolving ferrosilicon in an aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH • H2O) solution:
2NaOH + Si + H2O → 2Na2SiO3 + 2H2

Bayer process:
Though unprofitable, Na2SiO3 is a byproduct of Bayer process which is often converted to calcium silicate (Ca2SiO4).

History of Sodium Silicate:
Soluble silicates of alkali metals (sodium or potassium) were observed by European alchemists already in the 1500s.
Giambattista della Porta observed in 1567 that tartari salis (cream of tartar, potassium hydrogen tartrate) caused powdered crystallum (quartz) to melt at a lower temperature.

Other possible early references to alkali silicates were made by Basil Valentine in 1520 and by Agricola in 1550.
Around 1640, Jean Baptist van Helmont reported the formation of alkali silicates as a soluble substance made by melting sand with excess alkali, and observed that the silica could be precipitated quantitatively by adding acid to the solution.

In 1646, Glauber made potassium silicate, which he called liquor silicum, by melting potassium carbonate (obtained by calcinating cream of tartar) and sand in a crucible, and keeping Sodium silicate molten until it ceased to bubble (due to the release of carbon dioxide).
The mixture was allowed to cool and then was ground to a fine powder.
When the powder was exposed to moist air, Sodium silicate gradually formed a viscous liquid, which Glauber called "Oleum oder Liquor Silicum, Arenæ, vel Crystallorum" (i.e., oil or solution of silica, sand or quartz crystal).

However, Sodium silicate was later claimed that the substances prepared by those alchemists were not waterglass as it is understood today.
That would have been prepared in 1818 by Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs, by treating silicic acid with an alkali; the result being soluble in water, "but not affected by atmospheric changes".

The terms "water glass" and "soluble glass" were used by Leopold Wolff in 1846 by Émile Kopp in 1857 and by Hermann Krätzer in 1887.

In 1892, Rudolf Von Wagner distinguished soda, potash, double (soda and potash), and fixing (i.e., stabilizing) as types of water glass.
The fixing type was "a mixture of silica well saturated with potash water glass and a sodium silicate" used to stabilize inorganic water color pigments on cement work for outdoor signs and murals.

Handling and Storage of Sodium Silicate:

Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing to prevent skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in areas where sodium silicate is used or stored to avoid inhaling vapors or dust.

Avoid:
Direct contact with acids and strong reducing agents, which can cause reactions.

Handling Procedures:
Use non-reactive containers and equipment.
Avoid creating dust or mist.

Storage:
Sodium silicate should be stored away from high temperatures and acidic materials.
In addition, Sodium silicate should be stored in dry and cool places not in direct contact with sunlight.

Containers:
Store in original containers or compatible, tightly sealed containers.

Conditions:
Keep in a cool, dry place.
Protect from moisture and direct sunlight.

Segregation:
Store away from acids, strong bases, and incompatible materials.
Ensure that storage areas are clearly labeled.

Stability and Reactivity of Sodium Silicate:

Stability:
Sodium silicate is generally stable under normal conditions of use and storage.

Decomposition:
Can decompose at high temperatures or in contact with acids, releasing silica and sodium salts.

Reactivity:

Incompatible Materials:
Reacts with acids, strong bases, and reducing agents.

Hazardous Reactions:
Produces heat and potentially hazardous gases when mixed with acids.

Conditions to Avoid:
Avoid exposure to moisture and acids.
Handle with care to prevent inadvertent reactions.

First Aid Measures of Sodium Silicate:

Inhalation:
Move to fresh air immediately.
If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap.
Remove contaminated clothing.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Eye Contact:
Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Seek medical attention immediately.

Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth with water and seek medical attention immediately.

Fire-Fighting Measures of Sodium Silicate:

Extinguishing Media:
Use water spray, foam, or dry chemical extinguishers.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing.
Sodium silicate itself is not flammable, but it can decompose and release harmful fumes when exposed to high heat or fire.

Fire and Explosion Hazards:

Hazardous Combustion Products:
May produce silica and sodium salts upon decomposition.

Explosion Hazard:
Sodium silicate does not pose an explosion hazard but can react with acids to release heat and gases.

Accidental Release Measures of Sodium Silicate:

Spill Response:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, goggles, and protective clothing.

Containment:
Isolate the spill area.
Prevent spill from spreading by using barriers or absorbents.

Cleanup:
Collect material using non-reactive tools and place into appropriate waste containers.
Clean the area with water and detergent.

Disposal:
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations and guidelines.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection of Sodium Silicate:

Exposure Limits:

Occupational Exposure Limits:
Check local regulations and guidelines for specific exposure limits.

Engineering Controls:

Ventilation:
Use adequate ventilation systems to minimize airborne concentrations.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Respiratory Protection:
Use an appropriate respirator if airborne concentrations are high.

Hand Protection:
Wear chemical-resistant gloves.

Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or face shield.

Skin Protection:
Use protective clothing and ensure to cover exposed skin.

Hygiene Practices:

General Hygiene:
Wash hands and face thoroughly after handling.
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in areas where sodium silicate is handled.

Identifiers of Sodium Silicate:
Chemical name: Silicic acid, sodium salt
CAS No: 1344-09-8
EC-No .: 215-687-4

CAS NUMBER: 1344-09-8
EC NUMBER: 215-687-4
MOLECULAR FORMULA: Na2O(SiO2)x · xH2O

Chemical Formula: Na₂SiO₃ (for the anhydrous form)
Molar Mass: Approximately 122.06 g/mol (for the anhydrous form)
IUPAC Name: Sodium metasilicate

Synonym(s): sodium metasilicate, waterglass, disodium metasilicate
Mol. Formula: H2O3Si.2Na
EC / List no.: 229-912-9
CAS no.: 6834-92-0
Molecular weight: 122,063

Properties of Sodium Silicate:
Quality Level: 100
grade: reagent grade
assay: 12.0-13.0% Si basis (gravimetric) 13.4-14.4% NaOH basis (titration by HCl, titration)
form: liquid
composition: Na2O, ~10.6% SiO2, ~26.5%
application(s): ion chromatography: suitable
density: 1.39 g/mL at 25 °C

Molar module: 3.2 ÷ 3.4
Oxide content (SiO2 + Na2O): not less than 35%
Density (20oC) g / cm3: 1.37 ÷ 1.40
Dynamic viscosity (P): not less than 1
Physical state: Liquid at 20oC and 101.3 kPa
Color: white, transparent or translucent
Odor: No characteristic odor
pH: 11-13 at 20oC

Solid Form: Usually found as a white or transparent, glassy solid.
Liquid Form: A clear, colorless to slightly cloudy liquid.

Solubility:
In Water: Highly soluble, forming an alkaline solution.
In Organic Solvents: Generally insoluble in organic solvents.

Density:
Solid: Approximately 2.4-2.6 g/cm³ (for the solid form).
Liquid: Varies depending on concentration but generally around 1.4-1.6 g/cm³.

Molecular Weight: 122.063 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 121.94120896 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 121.94120896 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 63.2Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Complexity: 18.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Sodium Silicate:
Silica (SiO₂): Typically 28-35% by weight.
Sodium Oxide (Na₂O): Typically 8-15% by weight.

Appearance: Clear, colorless to slightly cloudy liquid.
Density: Approximately 1.4-1.6 g/cm³ (varies with concentration).
pH (10% solution): Generally between 11-13.

Viscosity:
Typical Range: Can vary significantly depending on concentration, but often ranges from 1-10 cP (centipoise).

Solubility:
In Water: Fully soluble.

Boiling Point:
Varies: Typically does not have a defined boiling point due to decomposition; evaporates at high temperatures.
Sodium Silicate Solid (Anhydrous Form)

Chemical Composition:
Silica (SiO₂): Typically 60-70% by weight.
Sodium Oxide (Na₂O): Typically 30-40% by weight.

Appearance: White or transparent, glassy solid.
Density: Approximately 2.4-2.6 g/cm³.
Melting Point: Not well-defined; typically decomposes before melting.

Hardness:
Relative Hardness: Hard and brittle.

Solubility:
In Water: Soluble, forming an alkaline solution.
Solubility in Organic Solvents:

Typically: Insoluble.

Synonymssodiumtinoxide;tinsodiumoxide;SODIUM STANNATE;Natrium stannat;disodiumstannate;SODIUM M-STANNATE;Stannate disodium;sodiumstannate(iv);Sodiumstannate3H2O;SODIUM TIN(IV) OXIDE CAS No.12058-66-1

cas no 12058-66-1 (Anhydrous) - 12209-98-2 (Trihydrate) - 12027-70-2 (Hexahydroxide) Disodium Tin Trioxide; Disodium tin hexahydroxide; Dinatriumzinntrioxid; Dinatriumzinnhexahydroxid (Greman); Trióxido de estano y disodio; Hexahidróxido de estaño y disodio (Spanish); Trioxyde d'etain et de disodium; Hexahydroxyde d'étain et de disodium (French);

Sodium starch glycolate is derived from potato starch or corn starch and is often used in combination with other excipients in tablet formulations.
Sodium starch glycolate is highly effective in promoting tablet disintegration and has excellent swelling properties when exposed to water, which helps to break down the tablet into smaller particles.

CAS Number: 9063-38-1
EC Number: 618-597-7

Synonyms: Sodium carboxymethyl starch, Cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl starch, Crosspovidone, Crospovidone, Crospolividone, Polyvinyl polypyrrolidone, Poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, Polyvinyl polypyrrolidone, Sodium polycarboxylate, Sodium polycarboxymethylether, Sodium crosslinked carboxymethyl starch, Modified starch, Modified cellulose, Cross-linked starch, Explotab, Polyplasdone, Primojel, Prejel, Polycarboxylate starch, Poly(sodium carboxymethyl ether), Modified starch sodium salt, Cross-linked carboxymethyl starch sodium salt, Carboxymethyl starch sodium salt, Polycarboxylate starch sodium salt, Croscarmellose sodium, Sodium croscarmellose, Ac-Di-Sol, Surelease, White starch sodium carboxymethyl ether, White starch sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium salt of a crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose, Crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, Sodium salt of crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose, Cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium salt of a crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose crosslinked, Sodium starch glycolate, Sodium starch carboxymethyl ether, Sodium carboxymethyl starch, Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium cellulose carboxymethyl ether, Crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Croscarmellose, Sodium CMC, SCMC, Sodio carboximetil almidón, Crospovidona, Sodio almidón glicolato, Carboximetil almidón sódico, Croscarmelosa sódica, Almidón sódico glicolato, Crospovidona sódica, Crospovidone sódica, Sodio almidón carboximetil éter, Almidón carboximetil sódico, Sodio celulosa carboximetil éter, Carboximetil celulosa sódica, Croscarmelosa sódica, Almidón sódico carboximetil éter

APPLICATIONS

Sodium starch glycolate is primarily used as a disintegrant in pharmaceutical formulations.
Sodium starch glycolate is extensively employed in the production of oral solid dosage forms, including tablets and capsules.

Sodium starch glycolate promotes rapid disintegration of tablets upon ingestion, facilitating drug release and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
Sodium starch glycolate is suitable for use in immediate-release, sustained-release, and controlled-release formulations.

Sodium starch glycolate is commonly used in the formulation of generic and branded pharmaceutical products across a wide range of therapeutic categories.
Sodium starch glycolate is compatible with various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients.
Sodium starch glycolate is employed in the formulation of tablets containing poorly soluble drugs to enhance their bioavailability.

Sodium starch glycolate is used in combination with other excipients such as binders, lubricants, and fillers to optimize tablet performance.
The disintegrating efficiency of Sodium starch glycolate is influenced by factors such as particle size, degree of cross-linking, and tablet compression force.

Sodium starch glycolate is suitable for use in both direct compression and wet granulation tablet manufacturing processes.
Sodium starch glycolate is often included in orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) formulations to improve patient compliance, particularly in pediatric and geriatric populations.

Sodium starch glycolate is used in the production of fast-dissolving tablets and orally disintegrating films for rapid onset of action.
Sodium starch glycolate is employed in the development of chewable tablets and effervescent dosage forms for ease of administration.

Sodium starch glycolate is included in tablet formulations intended for patients with dysphagia or difficulty swallowing.
Sodium starch glycolate is utilized in the formulation of herbal supplements, vitamins, and minerals in tablet form.

Sodium starch glycolate is employed in veterinary medicine for the production of tablets and capsules for companion animals and livestock.
Sodium starch glycolate is used in the development of over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications for various indications.

Sodium starch glycolate is employed in the formulation of antipyretics, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, and cardiovascular drugs.
Sodium starch glycolate is included in formulations of antacids, laxatives, and gastrointestinal medications.

Sodium starch glycolate is used in the production of allergy medications, cough and cold remedies, and respiratory therapies.
Sodium starch glycolate is employed in the development of psychiatric medications, antidepressants, and anxiolytics.
Sodium starch glycolate is included in formulations of anti-infective agents, antibiotics, and antiviral medications.

Sodium starch glycolate is utilized in the development of hormone therapies, contraceptives, and reproductive health products.
Sodium starch glycolate is employed in the production of dermatological medications, topical creams, and ointments for skin disorders.
Sodium starch glycolate is a versatile excipient with widespread applications in the pharmaceutical industry, contributing to the development of safe, effective, and patient-friendly dosage forms.

Sodium starch glycolate is utilized in the formulation of pediatric medications such as antipyretics, analgesics, and antibiotics.
Sodium starch glycolate is employed in the production of geriatric medications for elderly patients with specific dosage requirements.

Sodium starch glycolate is used in the development of nutraceuticals and dietary supplements in tablet form.
Sodium starch glycolate is included in formulations of probiotics, prebiotics, and digestive enzymes.
Sodium starch glycolate is employed in the production of weight management supplements and appetite suppressants.

Sodium starch glycolate is utilized in the formulation of sports nutrition products, energy boosters, and performance enhancers.
Sodium starch glycolate is included in formulations of vitamins, minerals, and herbal extracts for health and wellness purposes.

Sodium starch glycolate is employed in the development of personalized medicine and custom-compounded prescriptions.
Sodium starch glycolate is used in the formulation of specialty medications for rare diseases and orphan conditions.

Sodium starch glycolate is employed in the production of veterinary medications for companion animals and livestock.
Sodium starch glycolate is included in formulations of pet medications such as flea and tick treatments, dewormers, and joint supplements.
Sodium starch glycolate is utilized in the development of equine medications for horses and other large animals.

Sodium starch glycolate is employed in the production of aquaculture medications for fish and aquatic organisms.
Sodium starch glycolate is included in formulations of poultry medications for chickens, turkeys, and other poultry species.

Sodium starch glycolate is used in the development of livestock medications for cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats.
Sodium starch glycolate is employed in the production of pharmaceuticals for avian and exotic pets.
Sodium starch glycolate is utilized in the formulation of medications for zoo animals, wildlife rehabilitation, and conservation efforts.

Sodium starch glycolate is included in formulations of biopharmaceuticals such as monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins.
Sodium starch glycolate is employed in the production of biosimilars and generic versions of biologic drugs.

Sodium starch glycolate is utilized in the development of advanced drug delivery systems such as nanotechnology-based formulations.
Sodium starch glycolate is included in formulations of targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and gene therapies.

Sodium starch glycolate is employed in the production of personalized oncology medications and precision medicine treatments.
Sodium starch glycolate is utilized in the formulation of combination therapies for the treatment of complex diseases and conditions.

Sodium starch glycolate is included in formulations of supportive care medications for patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Sodium starch glycolate plays a crucial role in the development of innovative pharmaceutical products across diverse therapeutic areas, contributing to improved patient outcomes and quality of life.

Sodium starch glycolate undergoes rapid hydration and swelling upon exposure to aqueous fluids, leading to mechanical disruption of the tablet matrix.
Sodium starch glycolate is compatible with a wide range of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients.
Sodium starch glycolate is often used in tablet formulations to improve dissolution rates and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.

The disintegrating efficiency of Sodium Starch Glycolate is influenced by factors such as particle size, degree of cross-linking, and tablet compression force.
Sodium starch glycolate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in pharmaceutical applications.
Sodium starch glycolate is included in the list of inactive ingredients approved by regulatory agencies such as the FDA.

Sodium starch glycolate is commonly employed in the production of immediate-release tablets, orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs), and fast-dissolving tablets.
The versatility and effectiveness of Sodium Starch Glycolate make it a preferred choice for formulators seeking rapid disintegration of oral dosage forms.
Sodium starch glycolate contributes to the uniformity and consistency of tablet disintegration across different manufacturing batches.

Sodium starch glycolate is often used in combination with other disintegrants, binders, and lubricants to optimize tablet performance.
Sodium starch glycolate undergoes reversible hydration and swelling, allowing for efficient tablet disintegration without compromising tablet hardness or friability.

The disintegrating mechanism of Sodium starch glycolate involves capillary action, particle swelling, and mechanical disruption of the tablet structure.
The particle size distribution of Sodium starch glycolate impacts its disintegration kinetics and tablet dissolution profile.
The choice of Sodium Starch Glycolate grade and concentration depends on the specific formulation requirements and desired disintegration characteristics.

Sodium starch glycolate is a critical component in the development of orally administered pharmaceutical products with rapid onset of action.
Sodium starch glycolate plays a crucial role in ensuring the effectiveness, safety, and patient compliance of solid oral dosage forms.

DESCRIPTION

Sodium starch glycolate is a white to off-white, tasteless, odorless, and free-flowing powder that is commonly used in pharmaceuticals as a disintegrant.
Disintegrants are substances added to oral dosage forms (such as tablets and capsules) to promote their rapid breakdown or disintegration when they come into contact with aqueous fluids, typically in the gastrointestinal tract after ingestion.
This facilitates the release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) for absorption.

Sodium starch glycolate is derived from potato starch or corn starch and is often used in combination with other excipients in tablet formulations.
Sodium starch glycolate is highly effective in promoting tablet disintegration and has excellent swelling properties when exposed to water, which helps to break down the tablet into smaller particles.

Additionally, sodium starch glycolate is also used as a binder, filler, and stabilizer in various pharmaceutical formulations.
Sodium starch glycolate is considered safe for use in pharmaceuticals and is included in the list of inactive ingredients approved by regulatory authorities such as the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Sodium starch glycolate plays a crucial role in ensuring the efficacy and bioavailability of orally administered pharmaceutical products by facilitating their rapid disintegration and dissolution in the body.

Sodium starch glycolate is a white to off-white, odorless, and tasteless powder.
Sodium starch glycolate is a cross-linked derivative of starch, commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations.
Sodium starch glycolate is highly hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the environment.

Sodium starch glycolate exhibits excellent swelling properties when in contact with water.
Sodium starch glycolate is insoluble in organic solvents but disperses readily in water to form colloidal solutions.

Sodium starch glycolate is chemically stable under normal storage conditions.
Sodium starch glycolate is derived from natural starch sources such as corn or potato starch.

Sodium starch glycolate is commonly used as a disintegrant in oral solid dosage forms, promoting rapid tablet disintegration upon ingestion.
The disintegrating action of Sodium Starch Glycolate facilitates drug release and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

PROPERTIES

Physical Properties:

Appearance: White to off-white, tasteless, odorless powder
Particle Size: Variable, typically in the range of 10-200 micrometers (μm)
Bulk Density: Approximately 0.3-0.6 g/cm³
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting
Solubility: Insoluble in organic solvents; dispersible in water to form colloidal solutions
Hygroscopicity: Highly hygroscopic, absorbs moisture from the atmosphere
pH: Typically neutral to slightly alkaline (pH 6.5-8.5)
Specific Gravity: Approximately 1.0-1.2
Optical Rotation: Not applicable
Surface Area: Variable, depending on particle size and morphology

Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: (C6H7O2Na)n
Molecular Weight: Variable, depending on polymer chain length and degree of cross-linking
Polymer Type: Sodium salt of carboxymethyl ether of starch
Degree of Substitution: Variable, typically in the range of 0.5-1.5 carboxymethyl groups per glucose unit
Cross-Linking: May be cross-linked to improve disintegration properties
Hydrophilicity: Highly hydrophilic, exhibits rapid hydration and swelling in aqueous media
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions; may degrade under acidic or alkaline conditions

FIRST AID

Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or product label to healthcare professionals.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest until medical help arrives.

Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash the affected skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical attention.
If the substance gets into clothing, promptly remove the clothing and rinse the affected skin with water.

Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes with lukewarm water, keeping eyelids open, for at least 15 minutes.
Seek immediate medical attention, and continue flushing the eyes while waiting for medical help.
Remove contact lenses if present and easily removable after flushing.
Do not rub the eyes as this may exacerbate irritation or injury.

Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention, and provide the SDS or product label to healthcare professionals.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including safety goggles or face shield, gloves, and protective clothing, to minimize skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection (e.g., NIOSH-approved respirator) if ventilation is inadequate or if there is a risk of inhalation exposure to dust or aerosols.

Ventilation:
Use local exhaust ventilation or ensure adequate general ventilation to control airborne concentrations below recommended exposure limits.
Avoid breathing dust or aerosols generated during handling or processing.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid skin contact and inhalation of dust or aerosols.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling, especially before eating, drinking, or using the restroom.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where Sodium Starch Glycolate is handled.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
In case of a spill or leak, contain the material and prevent further release into the environment.
Avoid creating dust by using vacuum equipment or wet sweeping methods for cleanup.
Dispose of spilled material and contaminated equipment in accordance with local regulations.

Storage:
Store Sodium Starch Glycolate in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Protect from moisture and humidity to prevent clumping or caking of the powder.
Keep away from sources of ignition, heat, and direct sunlight.
Store away from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizers or reducing agents.

Handling Precautions:
Use appropriate engineering controls, such as dust extraction systems or containment enclosures, to minimize dust exposure during handling and processing.
Minimize dust generation by handling Sodium Starch Glycolate in a controlled manner and avoiding unnecessary agitation.
Follow good industrial hygiene practices, including regular cleaning of equipment and work areas to minimize dust accumulation.

Emergency Procedures:
Familiarize personnel with emergency procedures, including spill response, first aid measures, and evacuation protocols.
Ensure that spill control materials, personal protective equipment, and emergency eyewash/shower facilities are readily available and accessible in the handling area.

Training and Awareness:
Provide training to personnel handling Sodium Starch Glycolate on the safe handling procedures, potential hazards, and emergency response protocols.
Ensure that all personnel are aware of the proper storage, handling, and disposal practices to minimize risks and prevent accidents.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is a white or almost white free-flowing very hygroscopic powder.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is the sodium salt of carboxymethyl ether.

CAS Number: 9063-38-1
Alternate CAS Number: Free acid: 9057-06-1
Molecular Formula：C2H4O3·xNa·x
Molecular formula: C10H19NaO8

SYNONYMS:
Sodium Carboxymethyl Starch, Sodium Carboxymethyl Starch, Starch, Carboxymethyl Ether, Sodium Salt, Sodium carboxymethyl starch, Carboxymethyl Starch Sodium Salt, Covagel, Crayon B 300P, Deprogel, Emsize CMS 100, Emsize CMS 60, Explosol, Explotab, Polvitex Z, Polytex 60, Primojel, Sodium CM-starch, Vivastar P, USP Sodium Starch Glycolate Type Al, starch carboxymethylether, sodium salt, sodium carboxyl methylstarch,SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE,SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLLATE,PRIMOJEL(R),CARBOXYMETHYL STARCH SODIUM,CARBOXYMETHYL STARCH SODIUM SALT,CMS-Na ,explotab, Carboxymethyl starch, sodium salt, carboxymethylamylum natricum, Explosol, Explotab, Glycolys, Primojel, starch carboxymethyl ether, sodium salt, Tablo, Vivastar P, Carboxymethyl Starch Sodium Salt, Covagel, Sodium Carboxymethyl Starch, Solvitose CL, USP Sodium Starch Glycolate Type A, Sodium Carboxymethyl Starch

Sodium Starch Glycolate, commonly referred to as Sodium stannate trihydrate, is an inorganic metal oxide containing Sodium, an alkali metal.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is in the form of a white water soluble powder.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is the sodium salt of carboxymethyl ether. Starch glycolates are of rice, potato, wheat, or corn origin.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is a white to off-white, tasteless, odorless, relatively free flowing powder.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is sodium salt of carboxymethyl ether.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is a white to off-white, odourless, tasteless, free-flowing powder.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is practically insoluble in water and also in most organic solvents.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is a white or almost white free-flowing very hygroscopic powder.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is a specialized pharmaceutical excipient that has gained prominence due to its unique disintegration characteristics.

As a cross-linked derivative of starch, Sodium Starch Glycolate possesses superior water-solubility and disintegration properties, making it an indispensable ingredient in solid oral dosage forms.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is the sodium salt of a carboxymethyl ether of starch.

The molecular weight of Sodium Starch Glycolate is typically 500000-11000000.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is the sodium salt of a cross-linked partly O-carboxymethylated potato starch.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is White or almost white, fine, free-flowing powder, very hygroscopic.

Sodium Starch Glycolate, is a superdistintegrant made from potato starch by carboxymethylation and crosslinking for tablets and other oral solid dosage forms.
Sodium Starch Glycolate's unique combination of performance and cost-effectiveness has established as globally recognized and widely used product in the pharmaceutical industry.

Sodium Starch Glycolate demonstrates strong swelling properties upon contact with water and other media.
Sodium Starch Glycolate retains its spheroid structure to promote good flow, contain little sodium chloride or ethanol, and have high brightness.
The efficiency of Sodium Starch Glycolate and crospovidone showed dependence on their particle size, with a decrease in particle size tending to increase their efficiency

Sodium Starch Glycolate is the sodium salt of cross-linked carboxymethyl starch.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is derived from starch with two chemical modifications: substitution (to increase hydrophilicity) and cross-linking (to reduce solubility and gel formation upon contact with water).

Sodium Starch Glycolate acts as a superdisintegrant through rapid swelling because of the adsorption of large amounts of water leading to faster disintegration.
Also, because of its spherical shape, Sodium Starch Glycolate can have good flow properties.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is the sodium salt of carboxymethyl ether.
Starch glycolates are of rice, potato, wheat or corn origin.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is a white to off-white, tasteless, odorless, relatively free flowing powder.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is a white or almost white, fine, very hygroscopic powder

Sodium Starch Glycolate is a superdisintegrant for swallowable tablets, orally dispersible tablets and hard capsules.
The usual concentration of Sodium Starch Glycolate employed is between 2% and 8%.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is manufactured by chemical modification of starch, i.e., carboxymethylation to enhance hydrophilicity and cross-linking to reduce solubility.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is the sodium salt of a carboxymethyl ether of starch or of a cross-linked carboxymethyl V = volume of perchloric acid consumed (mL) ether of starch.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is a pharmaceutical excipient and superdisintegrant composed of the sodium salt of cross-linked carboxymethyl starch.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is widely recognised in the pharmaceutical industry for its adaptability and compatibility with many active pharmaceutical ingredients, and processing technologies.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is supplied as a white or almost white, free-flowing very hygroscopic powder.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is a white, odourless, and tasteless powder that is used in some personal care and oral care products.
Sodium Starch Glycolate's typically derived from processing vegetable starches, such as corn, wheat or potatoes.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is derived from potato.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is also known as Carboxymethyl Ether Sodium Salt.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is a white to off-white, tasteless, odorless, relatively free flowing powder.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is biodegradable and is also approved for use in food products.

When combined with other ingredients, such as baking soda, silica, and essential oils, Sodium Starch Glycolate helps to create a gentle and effective toothpaste that promotes oral health and sustainability.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed a group of Polysaccharide Gums (including Sodium Starch Glycolate) in 2015 and reviewed their safety for dermal exposure in cosmetics.

They concluded they are “safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics, as described in this safety assessment.”
Sodium Starch Glycolate is white in color free from black particles.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is prepared from Maize & Potato Starch.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is an off-white, odourless, tasteless, free-flowing sodium salt of carboxymethyl ether powder.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is the sodium salt of a carboxymethyl ether of starch or of a cross-linked carboxymethyl ether of starch.
Sodium Starch Glycolate may contain not more than 7.0 percent of Sodium Chloride.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is a pharmaceutical ingredient used primarily as a dissolution excipient for tablets and capsules.
Sodium Starch Glycolate also works as a disintegrant and a gelling agent.
The use of Sodium Starch Glycolate in drugs and dietary supplement products has been shown to increase the effectiveness of active ingredients as the compound helps improve overall bioavailability.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is the sodium salt of carboxymethyl ether of starch classified as a disintegrant and an excipient.
Sodium Starch Glycolate contains about 2.8 to 5.0 percent of Sodium, depending on its type, and not more than 7 percent of Sodium Chloride.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is described as having a white to off-whitish free-flowing powder appearance.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is also tasteless and generally odorless.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is considered practically insolvent in water and many organic solvents.
The CAS number for Carboxymethyl Ether sodium salt or Sodium Starch Glycolate is 9063-38-1.

Sodium Starch Glycolate must be distinguished from Carboxymethylcellulose sodium, often used as a bulk-forming agent and a laxative.
Sodium Starch Glycolate, or SSG, is a cross-linked variant of Carboxymethyl starch.
The color of SSG varies from white to off-white tone. ,

Sodium Starch Glycolate is odorless, tasteless, hygroscopic & free-flowing.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is a kind of anionic polymer derived from non-genetically modified potato starch which has disintegration effect through expansive action.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
Sodium Starch Glycolate is widely used in oral pharmaceuticals as a disintegrant in capsule and tablet formulations.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is commonly used in tablets prepared by either direct-compression or wet-granulation processes.
The usual concentration employed in a formulation is between 2% and 8%, with the optimum concentration about 4%, although in many cases 4% is sufficient.

Disintegration occurs by rapid uptake of water followed by rapid and enormous swelling.
Although the effectiveness of many disintegrants is affected by the presence of hydrophobic excipients such as lubricants, the disintegrant efficiency of Sodium Starch Glycolate is unimpaired.

Increasing the tablet compression pressure also appears to have no effect on disintegration time.
Sodium Starch Glycolate has also been investigated for use as a suspending vehicle.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is used as a pharmaceutical grade dissolution excipient for tablets and capsules.

Sodium Starch Glycolate absorbs water rapidly, resulting in swelling which leads to rapid disintegration of tablets and granules.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is used as a disintegrant, a suspending agent and as a gelling agent.
Pharmaceutical companies add Sodium Starch Glycolate to capsules and tablets to help make them disintegrate and dissolve better, making Sodium Starch Glycolate easier for your body to absorb the medication.

Sodium Starch Glycolate does this by absorbing water quickly so the pill swells and breaks apart into small pieces.
Sodium Starch Glycolate can also be used to help form gels.
Sodium Starch Glycolate finds extensive applications across multiple industries.

Notably, Sodium Starch Glycolate has exhibited anti-cancer and anti-oxidant activity, along with demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is frequently utilized as a catalyst in the synthesis of various other compounds.
Moreover, Sodium Starch Glycolate plays a crucial role in the modification of glassy carbon electrodes used in analytical chemistry.

Additionally, Sodium Starch Glycolate serves as both a raw material and a reagent in the synthesis of metallic compounds, nanomaterials, and pharmaceuticals.
Sodium Starch Glycolate serves as a critical pharmaceutical excipient, imparting exceptional disintegration properties to solid dosage forms.

Sodium Starch Glycolate's rapid water absorption and subsequent disintegration enhance drug dissolution and bioavailability, contributing to improved therapeutic outcomes.
As the pharmaceutical industry continues to evolve, Sodium Starch Glycolate remains an indispensable ingredient in drug formulations, offering a promising solution for efficient drug delivery and patient compliance.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is used as a pharmaceutical grade dissolution excipient for tablets and capsules.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is widely utilized as a disintegrant in the pharmaceutical industry, owing to its unique properties that facilitate the rapid breakdown of solid dosage forms.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is a super disintegrant for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical swallowable tablets, orally dispersible tablets and hard capsules.
Features Different grades designed to meet specific needs: Withstanding high shear granulation Acidic conditions Low organic solvent content.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is widely used as a pharmaceutical grade dissolution excipient for tablets and capsules.

Sodium Starch Glycolate absorbs water rapidly.
The reason is by absorbing water quickly so the pill swells and breaks apart into small pieces.
Sodium Starch Glycolate can also be used to help form gels.

By this way Sodium Starch Glycolate will swell and accelerate the disintegration of tablets and granules.
Sodium Starch Glycolate consists of oval or spherical granules, 30-100 μm in diameter with some less-spherical granules ranging from 10-35 μm in diameter.
Sodium Starch Glycolate can be made from several different starchy foods, for example corn, wheat, rice and potatoes.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is used as a pharmaceutical grade dissolution excipient for tablets and capsules.
Sodium Starch Glycolate absorbs water rapidly, resulting in swelling which leads to rapid disintegration of tablets and granules.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is used as a disintegrant, a suspending agent and as a gelling agent.

Without a disintegrant, tablets may not dissolve appropriately and may affect the amount of active ingredient absorbed, thereby decreasing effectiveness.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is used Oral Dosage for Pharmaceuticals and/or Nutraceuticals, Swallowable tablet, Orally Dispersible tablet, and Hard capsules.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is a commonly used super-disintegrant employed to promote rapid disintegration and dissolution of IR solid dosage forms.

Sodium Starch Glycolate can be widely used in milk, beverages, frozen foods, fast food, pastries, syrups and other products.
Sodium Starch Glycolate can be used as an emulsifier, thickener, dispersant, stabilizer, sizing agent, film forming agent, water retaining agent, etc.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is widely used in the petroleum and textile industries.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is most widely used excipient in the field of pharmaceutical sciences.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is extensively used as a superdisintegrant in different drug formulations.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is used as a pharmaceutical grade dissolution excipient for tablets and capsules.

Sodium Starch Glycolate absorbs water rapidly, resulting in swelling which leads to rapid disintegration of tablets and granules.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is used as a disintegrant, a suspending agent and as a gelling agent.
Without a disintegrant, tablets may not dissolve appropriately and may affect the amount of active ingredient absorbed, thereby decreasing effectiveness.

Pharmaceutical companies add Sodium Starch Glycolate to capsules and tablets to help make them disintegrate and dissolve better, making it easier for your body to absorb the medication.
Sodium Starch Glycolate does this by absorbing water quickly so the pill swells and breaks apart into small pieces.

Sodium Starch Glycolate can also be used to help form gels.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is used in oral pharmaceuticals as a disintegrant in capsules.
Sodium Starch Glycolate can be used in direct-compression or wet-granulation processes.

Sodium Starch Glycolate can be used as a suspending vehicle.
Sodium Starch Glycolate act as an dissolution enhancing agent.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is used as a pharmaceutical grade dissolution excipient for tablets and capsules.

Sodium Starch Glycolate absorbs water rapidly, resulting in swelling which leads to rapid disintegration of tablets and granules.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is used as a disintegrant, a suspending agent and as a gelling agent.
When used in toothpaste tablets, Sodium Starch Glycolate helps the tablet to rapidly disintegrate and release its active ingredients upon contact with saliva.

This ensures that the toothpaste is delivered efficiently to the teeth and gums, allowing for maximum effectiveness.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is made from corn or potato starch and is used as a pharmaceutical-grade dissolving agent and super disintegrant.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is generally used alongside active ingredients in pharmaceutical drugs and dietary supplements.

While Sodium Starch Glycolate was initially thought to be an “inactive” ingredient as it does not produce direct effects on individual users, it was later found that it plays an important role in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.
Thus, Sodium Starch Glycolate's inclusion in formulations for drugs and dietary supplement products is not negligible but rather quite significant.

Sodium Starch Glycolate can be used in the synthesis of capsules for delivery of drugs or medicaments.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is widely used in oral pharmaceuticals as a disintegrant in capsule and tablet formulations.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is a derivative of starch and is used for its stability and disintegration properties.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is used as a Disintegrate, a Suspending Agent and as a Gelling Agent.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is one of the three superdisintegrants and can also be used as suspending agent.

-Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry:
The versatility of Sodium Starch Glycolate allows its widespread application in various pharmaceutical formulations.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is commonly used in immediate-release tablets, orally disintegrating tablets, and capsules to promote rapid disintegration and drug release.

Moreover, Sodium Starch Glycolate is often employed in modified-release formulations to control drug release rates.
Sodium Starch Glycolate's compatibility with a broad range of APIs further expands its utility in different therapeutic categories.

-Specific Applications of Sodium Starch Glycolate In the Pharmaceutical Industry:
The oral pharmaceutical products are processed with Sodium Starch Glycolate as a superb disintegrant.
For standard granulation in the tableting industry, Sodium Starch Glycolate plays an essential role in end-to-end compression.
The outstanding suspension capability makes Sodium Starch Glycolate a great choice as an excipient in the pharma industry.
The high-grade dissolution power of Sodium Starch Glycolate enhances the tablet and formulation textures.

WHAT ARE SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE USED FOR?
The following are among the well-known uses of Sodium Starch Glycolate.
Sodium Starch Glycolate works as a dissolution excipient for tablets and capsules.
As a dissolution excipient, Sodium Starch Glycolate helps maintain the effectiveness of active ingredients in tablets and capsules.

These active ingredients are protected from breaking down prematurely while passing through the digestive tract.
After that, the said active ingredients are broken down into areas where absorption occurs, with their maximum effectiveness preserved.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is used as a suspending agent.

Research also shows that Sodium Starch Glycolate may work as a suspending excipient agent.
This means Sodium Starch Glycolate may be useful in protecting active ingredients from caking at the bottom of the drug or dietary supplement form and maintaining their suspension in the formulation.

Sodium Starch Glycolate is believed to work as a suspending agent by filming around active ingredient particles and decreasing inter-particulate attraction.
Sodium Starch Glycolate works as a gelling agent.

Sodium Starch Glycolate may also be used as a gelling agent.
Thus, Sodium Starch Glycolate helps stabilize active ingredients in medications and dietary supplement products.
Sodium Starch Glycolate also works as a thickening agent.

SOURCE OF SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
Sodium Starch Glycolate is available in the starchy substance of potato & corn.
The chemical treatments or modifications with starch properties produce Sodium Starch Glycolate.
The proven chemical treatments with SSG increase the hydrophilicity and reduce the water solubility level.
According to particle sizes, % of sodium chloride, and pH, the manufacturing companies use different grades of Sodium Starch Glycolate to meet the requirements of a faster disintegrant.

FUNCTIONAL VALUE OF SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY:
As a basic excipient, Sodium Starch Glycolate always acts at the best level to boost the disintegration value in the processing of oral solid pharmaceutical products.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is also famous as a dissolution excipient in the pharmaceutical industry, with a standard absorption characteristic to enhance the swelling process, which is highly significant for the sustainable & classic texture of tablets and granules.

Triple unique characteristics of Sodium Starch Glycolate- suspending property, disintegrant & gelling agent play vital roles in tableting industries to ensure the clinical value of tablets.
So, Sodium Starch Glycolate is essential as it provides active ingredients’ absorption in pharmaceutical formulations.

BENEFITS AND APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
*Sodium Starch Glycolate comprises spherical granules that absorb water quickly and swell.
*Sodium Starch Glycolate improves good flowability and mixing properties.
*Sodium Starch Glycolate works as a dissolution enhancer.

HOW SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE WORKS:
Sodium Starch Glycolate works as a food stabiliser and as an anti-ageing agent for bread and in the manufacturing of ice-creams.
Sodium Starch Glycolate works as a disintegrant, a suspending agent, and as a gelling agent.

CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
Sodium Starch Glycolate is recommended that it should be used at a concentration of 6%.
Sodium Starch Glycolate is nearly insoluble in water and most organic solvents.

HOW TO USE SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
Mix Sodium Starch Glycolate with a small amount of water.
Blend Sodium Starch Glycolate thoroughly until no lumps remain, then fold it into the batter of the mixture.

ADVANTAGES OF SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
Being a hydrophobic excipient, Sodium Starch Glycolate boosts the swelling while the granules contact with water.
Sodium Starch Glycolate increases the compression pressure level to keep the disintegration process intact.
All these unique characteristics make Sodium Starch Glycolate one of the best choices as an excipient in clinical product manufacturing industries.

MECHANISM OF ACTION OF SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
Sodium Starch Glycolate functions by rapidly absorbing water upon ingestion, leading to the swelling and subsequent disintegration of the dosage form.
This rapid disintegration promotes the release of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and facilitates their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
The efficient disintegration properties of Sodium Starch Glycolate significantly contribute to enhanced drug dissolution and bioavailability.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
The production of Sodium Starch Glycolate involves the cross-linking of starch through a chemical reaction with sodium hydroxide.
This process results in the formation of a highly porous structure that facilitates rapid disintegration.
The manufacturing process ensures the consistent quality and purity of Sodium Starch Glycolate, meeting stringent regulatory standards.

ADVANTAGES OF SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
The disintegrant efficiency of Sodium Starch Glycolate is unimpaired in spite the presence of hydrophobic in excipients such as lubricants.
The granules show considerable swelling in contact with water.
Increased tablet compression pressure also appears to have no effect on disintegration time.

SOURCE AND PREPARATION OF SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
Sodium Starch Glycolate is a substituted derivative of potato starch.
Typically, commercial products are also crosslinked using either sodium trimetaphosphate (Types A and B) or dehydration (Type C).
Starch is carboxymethylated by reacting it with sodium chloroacetate in an alkaline, nonaqueous medium, typically denatured ethanol or methanol, followed by neutralization with citric acid, acetic acid, or some other acid.
Vivastar P is manufactured in methanolic medium, and Explotab in ethanolic medium.

FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
*Excipient
*Disintegrant, Super Disintegrant

SOLUBILITY OF SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
Sodium Starch Glycolate is Practically insoluble in methylene chloride.
Sodium Starch Glycolate gives a translucent suspension in water.

Examined under a microscope Sodium Starch Glycolate is seen to consist of: granules, irregularly shaped, ovoid or pear-shaped, 30-100 µm in size, or rounded, 10-35 µm in size; compound granules consisting of 2-4 components occur occasionally; the granules have an eccentric hilum and clearly visible concentric striations; between crossed nicol prisms, the granules show a distinct black cross intersecting at the hilum; small crystals are visible at the surface of the granules.
The granules show considerable swelling in contact with water.

STORAGE OF SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
Sodium Starch Glycolate should be sealed and shaded to be stored in a dry, cool, well ventilated place.

SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE FORMS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Several forms of Sodium Starch Glycolate are available in the market.
These include Sodium Starch Glycolate powder, Sodium Starch Glycolate granule, and Sodium Starch USP Standard.
Sodium Starch USP Standard comes in varieties such as type A, type B, PH, and those with sodium content.

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE?
There are three major types of Sodium Starch Glycolate.
These are SSG Type A, SSG Type B, and SSG Type C.
Essentially, Types A and B of Sodium Starch Glycolate are cross-linked salts of sodium that are partly O-carboxymethylated potato starch.
Type C, however, is manufactured through physical dehydration by cross-linking the sodium salt of partly carboxymethylated starch.

Types A, B, and C of Sodium Starch Glycolate differ regarding pH, Sodium Chloride content, and Assay Sodium.
Both Type A and Type C have pH levels of 5.5 to 7.5. Type B, in contrast, has a pH level of 3.0 to 5.0.
The Sodium Chloride content of Types A and B is at a maximum of 7%, while the Sodium Chloride content of Type C is at a maximum of 1%.
As to Assay Sodium, the ranges for Types A, B, and C are 2.8% to 4.2%, 2.0% to 3.4%, and 2.8% to 5.0%, respectively.

IS SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE SAFE?
The Food and Drug Administration has previously approved Sodium Starch Glycolate as a disintegrant in prescription and over-the-counter medications.
Also, Sodium Starch Glycolate is safely used for the said purpose in dietary supplement products.
Considering that it is an inert compound with no active ingredient properties, Sodium Starch Glycolate is considered safe for individual users.

HOW DOES SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE WORK?
As a dissolution excipient, Sodium Starch Glycolate works as a disintegrant.
Generally, Sodium Starch Glycolate absorbs water several times its weight when ingested orally.
This results in swelling which eventually causes the breakdown of the active ingredients first into granules and then into fine particles.
This action of Sodium Starch Glycolate essentially results in higher bioavailability of active ingredients and improved dissolution rates.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
Physical state: Solid
Color: Not available
Odor: Not available
Melting point/freezing point: Not available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: Not available
Flammability (solid, gas): Not available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: Not available
Flash point: Not available
Autoignition temperature: Not available
Decomposition temperature: Not available
pH: Not available
Viscosity:
Kinematic viscosity: Not available
Dynamic viscosity: Not available

Water solubility: Not available
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not available
Vapor pressure: Not available
Density: Not available
Relative density: Not available
Relative vapor density: Not available
Particle characteristics: Not available
Explosive properties: Not available
Oxidizing properties: Not available
Other safety information: Not available
Appearance (Colour): White

Appearance (Form): Powder
pH (5% aq. suspension): 5.5 - 7.5
Loss on drying: Max. 10%
Identification Test: Passes test
Sodium chloride: Max. 7%
Molecular weight: 515.6862
Purity: Not available
Appearance: Not available
Melting point: Chars at about 200°C
Formulation: Not available
SMILES: Not available
InChi Key: MOSFIJXAXDLOML-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Melting Point: 140°C
Molecular Weight: 266.73 g/mol

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Sodium stearate (IUPAC: Sodium Octadecanoate) is the sodium salt of stearic acid.
This white solid, Sodium stearate, is the most common soap.
Sodium stearate is found in many types of solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, and inks.

CAS Number: 822-16-2
EC Number: 212-490-5
MDL number: MFCD00036404
Chemical formula: C18H35NaO2

Sodium stearate (IUPAC: Sodium Octadecanoate) is the sodium salt of stearic acid.
This white solid, Sodium stearate, is the most common soap.
Sodium stearate is found in many types of solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, and inks.

Sodium stearate is also a component of some food additives and food flavorings.
Humans began to use cleaning substances that resemble modern soaps almost five millennia ago.
Early crude soaps were made from natural fats and oils and available alkaline materials such as wood ashes.

During the Industrial Revolution, manufacturers began to make more refined soaps from purified fatty acids and alkalis such as lye (sodium or potassium hydroxide), quicklime (calcium oxide), or slaked lime (calcium hydroxide).
Sodium stearate is the most common fatty acid salt in today’s soaps.

Common sources of the starting material, stearic acid, are vegetable triglycerides obtained from coconut and palm oils and animal triglycerides from tallow.
The names stearic and stearate are derived from stéar, the Greek word for tallow.
Sodium stearate is sodium salt of stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.

Sodium stearate is an emulsifier , waterproof and surface-active agent.
Sodium stearate is an octadecanoic acid sodium salt that can be derived from either animal or vegetable sources.
Derived from edible fats (e.g. coconut, palm), sodium stearate is an incredibly common fatty acid salt.

Sodium stearate can be found in a dry white powder, liquid, pellets, and even wet solids.
Sodium stearate is a sodium salt that is commonly used as a surfactant and emulsifying agent in the food industry.
The drug interactions with sodium stearate are not well known, but it has been shown to have an effect on fetal bovine serum (FBS) cell viability at concentrations above 10%.

Sodium stearate typically shows a thermal expansion of 5–6% per degree Celsius.
Sodium stearate is an organic sodium salt containing equal numbers of sodium and stearate ions.
Sodium stearate acts as a detergent.

Sodium stearate contains an octadecenoate.
Sodium stearate appears in white powder form.
Sodium stearate has a light sawdust smell.

Sodium Stearate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
White to off-white powder Sodium stearate, NaC18H35O2, white solid, soluble, froth or foam upon shaking the water solution (soap), formed by reaction of NaOH and stearic acid (in alcoholic solution) and evaporating.

Sodium stearate is an organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and stearate ions.
Sodium stearate has a role as a detergent.
Sodium stearate contains an octadecanoate.

Sodium stearate is a fine white powder or a lumpy solid with a slippery feel, a fatty taste, and water absorption in the air.
The aqueous solution of Sodium stearate is alkaline due to hydrolysis, and the alcohol solution is neutral.
Sodium stearate is prepared by the interaction of stearic acid and sodium hydroxide.

Sodium stearate is an emollient that is soluble in water.
Sodium stearate helps skin feel smoother and has a high melting point.
In addition to soaps, Sodium stearate's also a popular ingredient in stick deodorants.

The process for manufacturing emollients with sodium stearate includes two steps.
First, the monomer is added at a rate of 2.5 lb/hr, and the sodium stearate solution is added at a rate of 1.2 lb/hr.
Sodium stearate is necessary to maintain a temperature between 40degC and 60degC throughout this process.

The second step is the formation of the zeta phase.
In this phase, crystals grow through a process called Oswald ripening, which decreases the area of the boundary between the solid and the liquid phase.
The crystals are chemically similar but differ in their molecular arrangement and size.

Large delta-phase crystals are opaque.
Sodium stearate is a surface-active agent used to stabilize cassava starch.
Sodium stearate improves cassava paste texture by reducing viscosity.

The sodium stearate component also can reduce the gelation temperature of the paste.
Sodium stearate is a stabiliser and thickener that helps harden soaps and naked deodorants, allowing a wide variety of shapes and sizes and removing the need for unnecessary packaging and synthetic preservatives.

Sodium stearate also has opacifying properties that give foam a creamy white appearance.
Characteristic of soaps, sodium stearate has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, the carboxylate and the long hydrocarbon chain, respectively.
These two chemically different components induce the formation of micelles, which present the hydrophilic heads outwards and their hydrophobic (hydrocarbon) tails inwards, providing a lipophilic environment for hydrophobic compounds.

Sodium stearate is produced as a major component of soap upon saponification of oils and fats.
The percentage of sodium stearate depends on the ingredient fats.
Tallow is especially high in stearic acid content (as the triglyceride), whereas most fats only contain a few percent.

Purified sodium stearate can be made by neutralizing stearic acid with sodium hydroxide.
Sodium stearate is a typical example of a detergent or soap, since it contains a long hydrocarbon 'tail' (magenta) and a carboxylic acid 'head' group (blue).
Sodium stearate (IUPAC: sodium octadecanoate) is the sodium salt of stearic acid.

Sodium stearate is the most common soap.
Sodium stearate is found in many types of solid deodorants, rubber, latex paints and inks.
Sodium stearate is also a component of some food additives and food flavorings.

The sodium salt of stearic acid (C18H35NaO2), a naturally occurring fatty acid, Sodium stearate is used as a pharmaceutical adjuvant in ointments, creams, and suppositories.
In lotions Sodium stearate can stabilize an emulsion.

Sodium stearate is also found in many personal care products like soaps, deodorants, eye shadows, shaving cream, and in some foods and in flavorings.
Sodium stearate has a long history of safe use in cosmetics and is considered safe for food products by the FDA.
Sodium stearate is the sodium salt of stearic acid.

Sodium Stearate is a vegetable-based aqueous thickener and gelling agent, emulsifying agent (o/w), and cleansing agent.
Sodium stearate consists primarily of the sodium salts of saturated C16 & C18 fatty acids.
Particle size (thru 100 mesh) approx. 0.4 micrometers.

Multi-functional ingredient with thickening, gelling, and emulsifying properties.
Sodium stearate (C18H35NaO2) is an additive: the sodium “salt” of stearin.
At room temperature, Sodium stearate is a white and fine powder which is one of the major components of soaps.

Anhydrous sodium stearate undergoes phase changes when heated.
In particular, from 130 ° C, Sodium stearate becomes translucent and flexible.
After 200 ° C, Sodium stearate is partially transparent and becomes completely transparent from 265 ° C.

Sodium stearate is a substance used for its surfactant properties, that is to say that it reduces the surface tension of the products in which it is added and thus contributes to the uniform distribution of the product during its use.
Sodium stearate can be synthetically made or animal derived.

Sodium stearate is supplied as a white powder in its raw material form.
Sodium stearate is white powder; soapy feel; slight, tallow-like odor.
Sodium stearate is slowly soluble in cold water or cold alcohol; freely sol in the hot solvents.

The aq soln of Sodium stearate is strongly alkaline, due to hydrolysis; the alcohol soln is practically neutral.
Sodium Stearate is a compound of sodium with a mixture of solid organic acids obtained from sources of vegetable or animal origin and consists mainly of variable proportions of sodium stearate (C18H35NaO2) and sodium palmitate
(C16H31NaO2).
Sodium stearate contains small amounts of the sodium salts of other fatty acids.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM STEARATE:
Characteristic of soaps, sodium stearate has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, the carboxylate and the long hydrocarbon chain, respectively.
These two chemically different components induce the formation of micelles, which present the hydrophilic heads outwards and their hydrophobic (hydrocarbon) tails inwards, providing a lipophilic environment for hydrophobic compounds.

The tail part dissolves the grease (or) dirt and forms the micelle.
Sodium stearate is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a surfactant to aid the solubility of hydrophobic compounds in the production of various mouth foams.

Besides being a major soap component, sodium stearate is used as an additive in other cosmetic products to form solid “stick” shapes.
Sodium stearate is used as accelerator in cosmetics, latex paint and rubber.
Sodium stearate can be manufactured with demanded particular size and density, according to production process and industry .

Sodium stearate is a versatile material used as an emulsifier, dispersant, gelling agent, stabilizer, binder, viscosity modifier and more.
Sodium stearateis a major component of many soaps, cosmetics and food additives.
Acme-Hardesty is a leading supplier of sodium stearate for some of today’s most demanding industrial customers.

Sodium stearate is used Emulsifier and Dispersant in Latex Paints; Additive to Inks.
Cosmetics uses of Sodium stearate: Stabilizer, Viscosity Enhancer and Dispersant for Liquid Make-Ups.
Flavor and Fragrance uses of Sodium stearate: Flavor Additive with FDA Approval; Viscosity Modifier in Gelled Fragrances.

Food and Beverage uses of Sodium stearate: Food Additive with FDA Approval.
Personal Care uses of Sodium stearate: Emulsion Stabilizer, Gelling Agent, Stabilizer, Binder, Viscosity Modifier, Thickener and Dispersant in Stick Deodorants, Liquid and Bar Soaps, Skin Cleansers, Bath and Shower Gels.

Plastics uses of Sodium stearate: Stabilizer and Plasticizer in the Production of Plastics; Lubricant in Polycarbonates and Nylons
Rubber uses of Sodium stearate: Lubricant and De-dusting Agent in Rubber Production
Soaps and Detergents uses of Sodium stearate: Emulsion Stabilizer, Gelling Agent, Stabilizer, Binder, Viscosity Modifier, Thickener and Dispersant in Laundry Soaps and Other Cleaning Products.

Sodium stearate is used as a surfactant to aid the solubility of hydrophobic compounds in the pharmaceutical industry.
Sodium stearate is used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food additives, waterproofing agents, plastic stabilizers, emulsifiers, and rubber lubricants and dusting agents; Stearic acid occurs naturally in human and animal fats and oils and in some vegetable oils, including cocoa oil.

Stearic acid can be prepared from animal fat (triglyceride) by treating with water at high temperature, leading to hydrolysis of triglycerides, or by hydrogenation of unsaturated vegetable oils such as cottonseed oil.
Sodium stearate is a very classic, old-school cleansing agent, a soap (the sodium salt of Stearic Acid).

Sodium stearate is known for its rich, creamy foam and being quite harsh on the skin.
If it's not in a soap bar, Sodium stearate can also function as an emulsifier or consistency agent.
Sodium stearate can be used to provide rich white lather in personal care products and hardening substances like deodorant.

When in an aqueous solution, Sodium stearate is considered alkaline while in an alcohol solution, it is considered neutral.
Sodium stearate in skin care is typically used to thicken, lubricate, control viscosity, and keep ingredients from separating.
Sodium stearate is often found in deodorant, toothpaste, soap, makeup, body wash, facial cleanser, shampoo, and hair coloring.

Sodium stearate is also used as a binder and anti-caking agent in food products.
Sodium stearate is used in the manufacture of toothpaste, also used as a water repellent, plastic stabilizer.
Sodium stearate is widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics, plastics, metal processing, metal cutting, etc., also used in acrylate rubber soap/sulfur and vulcanization system.

Sodium stearate is mainly used as emulsifier, dispersant, lubricant, surface treatment agent, corrosion inhibitor, etc.
Sodium stearate is also used in conjunction with CO2 flow to produce anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
Sodium stearate can be found in foods such as margarine, shortening, and baking powder.

Sodium stearate also has metabolic effects such as promoting the production of insulin and reducing blood sugar levels.
Sodium stearate has also been shown to inhibit tumor growth in bone cancer cell lines.
Sodium stearate is used in adhesives and sealants, clothing and shoe care products, arts, crafts and hobby supplies, food packaging, laundry and dishwashing products, personal care products, plastic and rubber products.

Sodium stearate is used in adhesives and sealants, laundry and dishwashing products, plastic and rubber products.
Sodium stearate is used as surface active agents.
Sodium stearate is the gelling agent for deodrant sticks.

Sodium stearate is used as waterproofing additives and ointments.
Sodium stearate is used as a source of stearate.
Sodium stearate is a cleansing/emulsifying agent that can also be used to adjust the viscosity of cosmetic formulations.

Sodium stearate is used Pharmaceutic aid (emulsifying and stiffening agent).
Sodium stearate is used in glycerol suppositories; also in toothpaste; as waterproofing agent.
Sodium stearate is used as a gelling agent for solid products such as stick-style sunscreens and helps increase the stiffness of bar soaps and waxes.

Sodium stearate may also lend itself to waterproofing qualities.
Sodium stearate is used in adhesives and sealants, laundry and dishwashing products, plastic and rubber products.
Sodium stearate is used as surface active agents. It is the gelling agent for deodrant sticks.

Sodium stearate is used as waterproofing additives and ointments.
Sodium stearate is not the only fatty acid to be used in soaps. Sodium laurate (the salt of lauric acid which is a C11 fatty acid extracted from coconut oil) is often added.

Potassium salts of fatty acids are also used, in combination with excess stearic acid, to give a slow-drying lather for shaving soap.
Sodium stearate is used High Purity / Soaps / Detergents / Cosmetics / Reagent / Industrial / Deosticks / Insect repellant Gel / Metal treatement / Dust free applications.

Sodium Stearate is a great option for stick formulations as it provides thickening benefits.
Sodium stearate also acts as a co-emulsifier making it a versatile ingredient for cream and lotion formulations.
Characteristically for soaps, sodium stearate has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, carboxylates and long hydrocarbon chains, respectively.

These two chemically distinct moieties induce the formation of micelles, presenting a hydrophilic head on the outside and a hydrophobic (hydrocarbon) tail on the inside, providing a lipophilic environment for hydrophobic compounds.
The tail part breaks down oil stains and forms micelles.

Sodium stearate is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a surfactant to help dissolve hydrophobic compounds in the manufacture of various mouse foams.
Sodium stearate is widely used in the manufacture of cosmetics, detergents, and lubricants.

Sodium stearate is commonly used in the production of food, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, paper, rubber, glass, fuel, ink, etc. and also used as a waterproofing agent, plastic stabilizer, and adhesive.
Another alternative of Sodium stearate is using soap made with palm oil.

However, palm oil sodium stearate can be hard to find in some areas. Instead of this ingredient, try looking for soaps from other vegetable oils.
In 2017, Lush began using soap containing olive oil sodium stearate.
This is the first commercial soap to contain this ingredient.

Sodium stearate is used in soaps and shaving creams.
Cosmetic Uses of Sodium stearate: cleansing agents, surfactants, surfactant - emulsifying, and viscosity controlling agents.
Sodium stearate is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a surfactant to aid the solubility of hydrophobic compounds in the production of various mouth foams.

Sodium stearates are used as lubricants, surfactants, emulsifiers, waterproof agents, and gelling agents in personal care, cosmetics, rubber, polymer and food applications.
Their key end use lies in the manufacture of deodorant sticks, facial soaps, lotions and ointments.

Sodium stearate is used Cooking agent in latex rubber and raw rubber industries, Manufacture of detergents, In various industries as a surfactant, In the plating industry, for ease of forging, Production of plastic as a softener, Production of fireworks and candles, Lubricant production, Prevent metal oxidation, In the pharmaceutical industry for drug release systems, and Fire extinguishers

As mention in last part Sodium stearate is used in various industries and is used as a highly functional ingredient in cosmetic formulations, as well as in the pharmaceutical industry as a surfactant to help dissolve hydrophobic compounds, including industries that use sodium stearate mention in following.
Sodium stearate is used in pharmaceuticals (emulsifying and stiffening agent); in glycerol suppositories; in toothpastes; as waterproofing agent.

Sodium stearate is used as gelling agent; in cosmetics; as stabilizer in plastics; and as topical medication.
Sodium stearate is used in various cleaning products (most common ingredient in soap).
Sodium stearate is used as food additive (binder, emulsifier, and anti-caking agent)

Sodium stearate is used stick cosmetics (e.g. deodorants), color cosmetics, soaps, creams, lotions, sunscreens, after sun care products.
Sodium stearate is used as a gelling agent for bar deodorants, it is a component of soaps and plant-based shaving products, it is also used as a co-emulsifier.

Sodium stearate is also used as a surfactant agent (solubilizer) with an HLB of 18.0 and a viscosity controlling agent suitable for pharmaceutical and cosmetic use.
Sodium stearate is used vVegetable-based aqueous thickener and gelling agent, emulsifying agent (o/w), and cleansing agent.

Sodium stearate consists primarily of the sodium salts of saturated C16 & C18 fatty acids.
In the cosmetics industry, sodium stearate is used to stabilize and thicken mixtures of soaps, deodorants, skin or hair products and gives soaps their white, creamy foam.

Sodium stearate is widely used as thickener in stick products (e.g. deodorants) and co-emulsifier in cream and lotions.
Sodium stearate is present in preparations intended for the chemical and pharmaceutical industry.
Sodium stearate is found in many finished products like glue sticks.

Sodium stearateis used as an excipient in galenic pharmacy for its properties: solubilizing, emulsifying, wetting or foaming.
In the food industry, sodium stearate is an additive which acts as an emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener or even gelling agent.
Sodium stearate is found in many products such as cake or ice cream mixes.

-Sodium stearate has a wide range of additional uses, including
*emulsifier and dispersant in latex paints;
*ink thickener;
*stabilizer, viscosity enhancer, and dispersant for liquid makeups;
*FDA-approved flavor additive;
*viscosity modifier in gelled fragrances;
*lubricant in polycarbonates and nylons; and
*lubricant and de-dusting agent in rubber production.

-Sodium stearate uses in Cosmetics:
Stearic acid is widely quoted in cosmetics and usually used as an emulsifier and thickener.
However, these cosmetics are very sensitive to certain substances that reduce the effectiveness of sodium stearates, such as acids, electrolytes, and cationic surfactants.

A mixture of sodium stearate soap and stearic acid glycerin can be used as an emulsifier for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and by testing its effects, it has been found that a component of the mixture alone is not obtained.
Sodium stearate has a protective effect on the skin and can be used in some skin ointments to prevent the solvent component of the cream from damaging the skin.

Among emulsifying perfumes and pasty hair dyes, sodium stearate can be used as an emulsifier.
Sodium stearate soap and polylactic acid, vinyl vinegar plus dyes and pigments can be used to make lipsticks and eye shadow pens.
Sodium stearate can be used as a thickener and opacifier in shampoos.

Sodium stearate-based stick cosmetics, including robust flavors (long sticks) and antiperspirant creams used in summer, mainly made of stearic acid soap plus ethanol, taste, and deodorant.
Sodium stearate cream is not greasy; its film on the skin is not oily, so it is the basis of many cream products; it will not produce oily luster on the surface.

-Sodium stearate uses in Detergent:
Sodium stearate is the primary raw material for making soaps and is also suitable for the preparation of low foaming or non-foaming detergents ideal for use in washing machines.
Sodium stearate can also be used to make water, ethanol, isopropanol, mixtures of silicones and soaps, and gel products for cleaning smooth surfaces.
Stearic acid can also be used to make cleaning agents that are pyrolyzed from a variety of surfaces.
Sodium stearate can also be used in preservative and bleaching detergents.

-Sodium stearate uses in Lubricant:
Sodium stearate has many uses in the manufacture of lubricating oils and greases, such as the preparation of lubricants for cold metal forming.
Sodium stearate can be added to make lubricants suitable for temperatures up to 750 °C.
Sodium stearate can also be used to prepare low-flame point hydraulic oils and lubricating oils having a useful viscosity index.

Sodium stearate can be used together with a copolymer of acrylamide and sodium acrylate to stabilize the cutting fluid of the metal.
The addition of sodium stearate also reduces the fluid resistance and initial shear stress of the drilling mud.
Sodium stearate can be used as a lubricant in the cold pressing of aluminum and aluminum alloys.

A mixed oil containing sodium stearate is applied to the surface of the steel to facilitate extrusion and drawing of the material.
It is common practice to apply zinc phosphate to the surface of the metal before it is immersed in an aqueous solution of sodium stearate and sulfonated tallow.

When steel is extruded in an environment of 900 ° C to 1150 ° C, the traditional practice is to use a glass wool or fiberglass liner as a lubricant between the billet and the mold, if sodium stearate is used as a foaming agent, and glass wool As a liner, the adhesion of the glass wool on the surface of the formed metal product is significantly reduced.

Sodium stearate can create a dry film lubricant with lead disulfide.
This lubricant can work more effectively under high-pressure conditions.
At the same time, this dry film lubricant is waterproof and easy to use.

Mixing sodium stearate, aluminum stearate, and magnesium stearate can produce oils for roller bearings and ball bearings.
The composition of the lubricant is hard sodium acid 10%, aluminum stearate 40%, calcium stearate 10%, zinc oxide 15%, talc 5%, mineral oil 10%.
Sodium stearate can also be used as a lubricant for the drawing and pressing of wires and is particularly useful in the dry picture of ferrous wires.

-Sodium stearate uses in Food:
Sodium stearate can be used in the processing of pastry cakes in the bakery.
The food is brighter in color and more crispy in taste.
Sodium stearate can also be used as an excipient for the production of fat-free, starch-free, low-glucose corn syrup, as well as a base for the production of chewing gum.

-Sodium stearate uses in Ceramic products:
Mixing sodium stearate, phosphoric acid, sand, and chrome, and magnesia can produce a ceramic glaze with stable rheology.
The coating of this ceramic glaze has a lower firing temperature and a thinner thickness, which can be fired — beautiful, lightweight ceramic products.
Sodium stearate can also increase the mechanical strength of ordinary fineness cement.
Sodium stearate may also be added to some of the stomata, slow-hardening cement inner and outer wall linings.

-Sodium stearate uses in Pharmaceutical:
Sodium stearate can act as an emulsifier in aqueous emulsions, such as in the preparation of glycerin, olive oil emulsions.
Sodium sulfate can also be used to produce stable, high liquefaction temperature castor oil gels that have a significant effect on some skin conditions and that cause dermatitis caused by industrial enzymes and certain chemicals.

Sodium stearate has an excellent protective effect.
Sodium stearate can also be used to prepare glycerol suppositories, as well as to make sterilized tablets for use in food processing equipment that control solubility.
Sodium stearate can also be used in toothpaste and can also be used to treat topical sores and other skin conditions.
Sodium stearate can also be used as a dry lubricant in tablet forming.

-Sodium stearate uses in Paper:
Paper has now been produced by a method in which cellulose fibers are partially acetified by mixing sodium stearate, aluminum chloride, and a cationic thermosetting polyamine.
Sodium stearate can also act as a lubricant in the preparation of fillers for the cellulose used in papermaking.
Sodium stearate is used together with sodium gluconate for the internal gum of paper. In order to increase the amount of starch in a certain sizing paper, various starch and sodium stearate compounds were tested and coagulated with aluminum stearate.

-Sodium stearate uses in Fuel:
Sodium stearate, together with polyethylene glycol, hexamethylenetetramine, and methanol, can be used as a solid fuel to improve flammability and combustion and to have no bad odor when burned.

Sodium stearate, monoethanolamine, lauryl methacrylate, and methanol can be made into a fuel similar to that described above, which contains an amine that prevents the formation of formaldehyde upon combustion.
Sodium stearate can also be used to make organic liquid gels that are used as aircraft fuels to reduce the risk of fire.
Sodium stearate can also be used as a preservative additive for fuel oils as a dispersant for aqueous magnesium hydroxide suspensions.

-Sodium stearate uses in Glass:
A glass shock-proof coating for keeping glass cullet for one day or two days can be made with ethylene, methacrylic acid polymer sodium salt, and sodium stearate.
Sodium stearate can also be used to prepare glass electrodes for determining ion concentrations.

-Sodium stearate uses in Ink:
Sodium stearate can be used as a lipophilic agent for the production of flat metal printing plates.
Sodium stearate is prepared together with a stilbene or the like to remove a stain of ink such as a raw ball oil.

-Sodium stearate uses in Polishing agent:
Heating sodium stearate with trimethyl-sec-tridecyl chlorohydrin can obtain a waxy product that can be used in a wax emulsion and has a melting point of 63-64 °C.
Sodium stearate can also be used in die-cast zinc drums to produce gloss.

-Other uses of sodium stearate:
Sodium stearate is used in the catalyst system in the cyclopentene reaction for producing urea.
Sodium stearate is used as an emulsifier in the purification of fatty acid vinegar and para-isopropyl phenol in hot water.
Sodium stearate can also be used to prevent auto-oxidation of sulfide ore during flotation.

Sodium stearate is used together with polystyrene for the solidification of charged powder deposits after waste incineration.
Sodium stearate can be used to stabilize isobutyraldehyde to prevent the formation of terpolymers and as an adjunct for the production of vanadium-free tetrachloride.

SODIUM STEARATE USES IN POLYMER:
Sodium stearate has many applications in the production and processing of polymers and copolymers.
Ethyl acrylate and methyl acrylate copolymers in low molecular weight vinegar, ketone and alcohol solutions, when used in combination with sodium stearate, prevent their tendency to flow and make them vicious.

The indoleamine is copolymerized with an organic isocyanate in the presence of sodium stearate to form a polyimide foam.
The addition of sodium stearate improves the compressive strength and separability of the polyether vinegar mold.
Sodium stearate can be used to produce anti-static polyethylene.

Sodium stearate can also be used as a dispersing agent for polyethylene and ethylene acetic acid in water.
Polyethylene containing a large amount of catalyst residue can be stabilized by a non-corrosive stabilizer containing sodium stearate as an active ingredient to prevent degradation caused by ultraviolet rays.

Sodium stearate can also be used to remove catalysts from polymers and can also be used to make fire-resistant ethylene, propylene agglomerates.
Sodium stearate is also useful in the preparation of microporous polypropylene filaments.
Doping sodium stearate soap can produce polyvinyl acetate vinegar particles which prevent agglomeration.

Sodium stearate can also be used as a component of antioxidants to stabilize the polyisobutylene oxide shape.
Sodium stearate has been used as a component of non-toxic stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride.
The polyvinyl chloride filler with sodium stearate has a function of stabilizing the quality and improving the performance.

In the preparation of lead compounds, sodium stearate is also used as a stabilizer.
Sodium stearate can be used to prepare a foamed, flowable polyvinyl chloride powder to make a polyvinyl chloride emulsion having a particle size of 0.1-minute micrometer and which can be used for a plastisol.

Sodium stearate can also be used to improve the heat sealability of polyvinyl chloride tubular sheets.
Polyvinyl formal and polyvinyl butyral can be dissolved in a concentrated solution of sodium stearate without degradation, and dilution of the solution does not precipitate the polymer.

The kinetics of isothermal batch polymerization of styrene into polystyrene aqueous emulsion was studied using sodium stearate as an emulsifier.
The blend of polystyrene and sodium stearate is extruded through a nozzle and then washed with hot water to remove the soap from the rod to produce the fiber.

This method is also suitable for making foamed polyethylene.
Non-flying pigments for thermoplastics are made from sodium stearate and insoluble pigments.
Sodium stearate soap can also be used as a coating for highly transparent calcium carbonate fillers, and as a sufficient antifreeze for cellulose acetate butyrate plastic products.

Sodium stearate can also react with calcium chloride and zinc chloride in the presence of stearyl alcohol to form a dense metal soap with good breaking strength.
Sodium stearate can be used as a lubricant and stabilizer in polymers.
Sodium stearate can be prepared by a continuous process.

BENEFITS OF SODIUM STEARATE:
*Gelling agent
*Thickening
*Great for stick formulations

SODIUM STEARATE USES IN RUBBER:
Sodium stearate can be used as an aid in the vulcanization of propylene rubber and elastomers containing active halogens and sulfur.
Butadiene and isoprene can be polymerized in a hydrocarbon solvent using sodium stearate as a catalyst.
Sodium stearate can also be used as a crosslinking agent in a butene rubber.

Among the anti-collision graft copolymers for producing butadiene latex, styrene, and propylene wax, sodium stearate is used as an adjuvant.
The addition of caustic soda and a wetting agent to the sodium stearate solution containing zinc sulfate can be used to prevent the agglomeration of the isobutylene rubber particles.

Sodium stearate can also be used in the formulation of fluoro rubbers to provide good release properties.
The polychloroprene rubber obtained in the emulsion containing the resin soap can be mixed with sodium stearate to improve the rolling quality remarkably.
Sodium stearate can also be used to improve the vulcanization of polychloroprene rubber, and it can also be used as a transparent product in a mixture of polyester rubber.

Sodium stearate can improve the effect of preventing premature vulcanization of some rubber.
Among carbonates and sulfates, sodium stearate is an effective dispersant for carbonates and sulfates.

PROPERTIES OF SODIUM STEARATE:
– Emulsifier
– Stabilizer
– Thickener
– Hardening
– Opacifying

SODIUM STEARATE AT A GLANCE:
*Cleansing/emulsifying agent
*Can be used to adjust the viscosity and stiffness of a formulation
*May also lend itself waterproofing qualities
*Often used in solid-style products such as stick-based sunscreens, bar soaps, and waxes
*May potentially contribute to a pore-clogging residue on skin (depending on the overall formula)

IS SODIUM STEARATE SAFE?
The EWG has determined that the ingredient is safe for use in cosmetics when it's formulated to be non-irritating and non-sensitizing.
The Environmental Protection Agency has placed the ingredient on its Safer Chemical Ingredients List.
Whole Foods has deemed the ingredient acceptable in its body care quality standards.

PRODUCTION OF SODIUM STEARATE:
Sodium stearate is produced as the main component of soap through the saponification of fats and oils.
The percentage of sodium stearate varies depending on the fat in the ingredients.
Tallow has a particularly high content of stearic acid (as triglycerides), whereas most fats contain only a few percent.
The ideal equation for producing sodium stearate from stearin (the triglyceride of stearic acid) is:
(C18H35O2)3C3H5 + 3 NaOH → C3H5(OH)3 + 3 C18H35O2Na
Purified sodium stearate can be produced by neutralizing stearic acid with sodium hydroxide.

WHAT DOES SODIUM STEARATE DO?
Given its consistency, sodium stearate is a major constituent of most vegetable-based soaps. In a deodorant, like the ones we make, it has the unique ability to form a structure with other materials like vegetable propylene glycol, glycerin, and propanediol to form a solid stick shape.

SODIUM STEARATE, IS THIS THE RIGHT OPTION FOR ME?
Sodium stearate has a long history of safe use in personal care products.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM STEARATE:
Appearance of white powder, with fat odor, a smooth feeling, soluble in hot water and ethanol, acid decomposition into stearic acid and the corresponding sodium salt.

HOW IS SODIUM STEARATE MADE?
Sodium stearate is made by reacting stearic acid with sodium hydroxide.
When saponified (i.e. converting fats and oils into soap and alcohol), sodium stearate is produced.

PRODUCTION OF SODIUM STEARATE:
Sodium stearate is produced as a major component of soap upon saponification of oils and fats.
The percentage of the sodium stearate depends on the ingredient fats. Tallow is especially high in stearic acid content (as the triglyceride), whereas most fats only contain a few percent.
The idealized equation for the formation of sodium stearate from stearin (the triglyceride of stearic acid) follows:

(C18H35O2)3C3H5 + 3 NaOH → C3H5(OH)3 + 3 C18H35O2Na
Purified sodium stearate can be made by neutralizing stearic acid with sodium hydroxide.

WHAT DOES SODIUM STEARATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsifying
*Surfactant
*Viscosity controlling

FORMULA OF SODIUM STEARATE:
Sodium stearate is a common ingredient in food and personal care products.
Sodium stearate's a sodium salt of stearic acid and is used to make many types of soap. It is also found in many types of solid deodorants. Sodium stearate's also an ingredient in some types of food additives, including flavourings.
Sodium stearate is an emollient which can help skin feel smoother after bathing or showering.

Sodium stearate is a salt of stearic acid, a naturally occurring saturated fatty acid with the chemical formula C17H35CO2Na.
Sodium stearate's used as a binder, emulsifier, and gelling agent in food and personal care products.
Sodium stearate's also used in toothpaste.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM STEARATE:
Chemical formula: C18H35NaO2
Molar mass: 306.466 g·mol−1
Appearance: white solid
Odor: slight, tallow-like odor
Density: 1.02 g/cm3
Melting point: 245 to 255 °C (473 to 491 °F; 518 to 528 K)
Solubility in water: soluble
Solubility: slightly soluble in ethanediol
Appearance Form: solid
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): May form combustible dust concentrations in air.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available

Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C18H35NaO2 = 306.47
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
CAS RN: 822-16-2
Reaxys Registry Number: 3576813
PubChem Substance ID: 87575700
Merck Index (14): 8678
MDL Number: MFCD00036404
Molecular Formula: C18H35NaO2
Molecular Weight: 306.466
IUPAC Name: sodiumoctadecanoate
Canonical SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].[Na+]

InChI: InChI=1S/C18H36O2.Na/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;/h2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);/q;+1/p-1
InChI Key: RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Melting Point: 220 °C
Flash Point: 162.4ºC
Purity: >97.0%(T)
Density: 1.103 g/cm³
Solubility: SLOWLY SOL IN COLD WATER OR COLD ALC
Appearance: Solid Powder
Storage: 2-8ºC
Stability: Stable.
LogP: 4.99780
Odor: SLIGHT, TALLOW-LIKE ODOR
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 359.40 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.000009 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 324.00 °F. TCC ( 162.40 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 8.216 (est)
Soluble in: water, 3.322 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
CAS: 822-16-2
EINECS: 212-490-5
InChI: InChI=1/C18H36O2.Na/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;/h2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey: RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Molecular Formula: C18H35NaO2
Molar Mass: 306.45907

Density: 1.07 g/cm3
Melting Point: 270 °C
Boling Point: 359.4°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 162.4°C
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE IN COLD AND HOT WATER
Solubility: Slowly soluble in cold water.
Solubility increases with temperature
Vapor Presure: 8.58E-06mmHg at 25°C
Appearance: Powder
Color: white
Exposure Limit ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3; TWA 3 mg/m3
Merck: 14,8678
BRN: 3576813
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Stability: Stable.
MDL: MFCD00036404
CAS Index Name: Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt (1:1)
Molecular formula: C18H36O2.Na
Molecular weight: 307.47
Lipid number: Na C18:0
Smiles: [Na].O=C(O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Isomeric Smiles: C(CCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCC(O)=O.[Na]
InChI: InChI=1S/C18H36O2.Na/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;/h2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);
InChIKey: InChIKey=XRRONFCBYFZWTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Compound Formula: C18H35NaO2
Molecular Weight: 306.49
Appearance: White powder
Melting Point: 245-255 °C
Boiling Point: 360 °C (760 mmHg)
Density: 1.02 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: Soluble
Heat of Vaporization: 63.84 kJ/mol
Exact Mass: 306.253 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 306.253 g/mol
Linear Formula: Na(OOCC17H35)
MDL Number: MFCD00036404
EC No.: 212-490-5
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: 3576813
Pubchem CID: 2724691
IUPAC Name: sodium; octadecanoate
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].[Na+]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/C18H36O2.Na/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;/h2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);/q;+1/p-1
InchI Key: RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Odor: Weak
Merck Index: 14,8678
Solubility Information: Slowly soluble in cold water.
Formula Weight: 306.46
Physical Form: Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Sodium stearate

Molecular Weight： 306.46
Exact Mass： 306.253479
EC Number： 212-490-5
UNII： QU7E2XA9TG
DSSTox ID： DTXSID9027318
Color/Form： WHITE POWDER
HScode： 2915709000
PSA： 40.1
XLogP3： 4.99780
Appearance： white Powder
Density： 1.07 g/cm3
Melting Point： 270 °C
Boiling Point： 359.4°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point： 162.4ºC
Water Solubility： soluble IN COLD AND HOT WATER;INSOL IN MANY ORGANIC SOLVENTS
Storage Conditions： 2-8°C
Odor： SLIGHT, TALLOW-LIKE ODOR
PH： AQ SOLN IS STRONGLY ALKALINE, DUE TO HYDROLYSIS; ALC SOLN IS PRACTICALLY NEUTRAL
Experimental Properties： SOAPY FEEL
CAS: 822-16-2
MF: C18H35NaO2
EINECS: 212-490-5
Mol File: 822-16-2.mol

Melting point: 270 °C
density: 1.07 g/cm3
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Slightly soluble in water and in ethanol (96 per cent).
form: Powder
color: white
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE IN COLD AND HOT WATER
Merck: 148,678
BRN: 3576813
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3; TWA 3 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.
InChIKey: RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
CAS: 822-16-2
Category: Anionic Surfactants
IUPAC NameSodium; octadecanoate
Molecular Weight: 306.46
Molecular Formula: C18H35NaO2
Canonical SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].[Na+]
InChI: RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI Key: InChI=1S/C18H36O2.Na/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;/h2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);/q;+1/p-1
Melting Point: 245 – 255ºC
Flash Point: 162.4ºC
Density: 1.103 g/cm³
Solubility: Soluble in hot water, alcohol and esters
Appearance: Off-white powder

Complexity: 207
Composition: Sodium stearate
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Exact Mass: 306.25347464
Heavy Atom Count: 21
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Monoisotopic Mass: 306.25347464
Physical State: Solid
Rotatable Bond Count: 16
Safty Description: 24/25
Sodium Derivative Of Stearate
Stability: Stable.
Supplemental Hazard Statements: H319-H411
Symbol: GHS07,GHS09
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.1 Å²
Appearance :Powder
Physical State :Solid
Solubility :Soluble in hot and cold water, hot and cold alcohol, and methanol.
Storage :Store at 4° C
Melting Point :205° C
Density :1.02 g/cm3
pK Values :pKa: 4.78

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM STEARATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM STEARATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM STEARATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM STEARATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Appropriate engineering controls:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM STEARATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Recommended storage temperature 2 - 8 °C

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM STEARATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

SYNONYMS:
Sodium octadecanoate
flexichemb
prodhygine
bonderlube235
Natriumstearat
Sodium Stearate
stearatedesodium
Sodium Octadecanoate
stearicacid,sodiumsalt,mixtureofstearicandpalmiticfattychain
Octadecanoic acid sodium salt
Stearic acid sodium salt
Sodium octadecanoate, octadecanoic acid; sodium salt, stearates
Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt
Stearic acid, sodium salt
Sodium stearate
Sodium octadecanoate
Sodium octadecanoate
Octadecanoic acid sodium salt
Stearic acid sodium salt
CH3(CH2)16COONa
Sodium monostearate
Sodium octadecanoate, octadecanoic acid
sodium salt, stearates
Octadecanoic acid,sodium salt (1:1)
Stearic acid,sodium salt
Octadecanoic acid,sodium salt
Flexichem B
Prodhygine
Sodium stearate
Sodium octadecanoate
Bonderlube 235
AFCO-Chem B 65
Nonsoul SN 1
SS 40N
C-Lube 10
Serfax MT 90
Edenor FHTI
SNA 2000
AFCO-Chem NA
SK 1
Nonsoul SN 15
Bonderlube 234
Rhenogran NAST 50ACMF-GE1858
SN 1
Daiwax NA
C 18-98/100MY,sodium salt
Ligastar NA-R/D
Nonsoul SN 1W1
SS 100
Octadecanoic acid Sodium salt
Stearic acid Sodium salt
Bonderlube 235
Flexichem B
Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt
Prodhygine
Sodium octadecanoate
Stearates
Stearic acid, sodium salt

DESCRIPTION:
Sodium Octadecanoate) is the sodium salt of stearic acid.
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is the most common soap.
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is found in many types of solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, and inks.
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is also a component of some food additives and food flavorings.[1]

CAS Number : 822-16-2
EC Number : 212-490-5

Synonyms
aluminum monostearate,aluminum tristearate,ammonium stearate,calcium stearate,magnesium stearate,octadecanoic acid,sodium stearate,stearic acid,zinc stearate,SODIUM STEARATE,822-16-2,Sodium octadecanoate,Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt,Flexichem B,Prodhygine,Stearic acid, sodium salt,Stearic acid sodium salt,Bonderlube 235,Stearates,Edenor FHTI,sodium;octadecanoate,Nonsoul sn 15,Sodium stearate, pure,HSDB 5759,UNII-QU7E2XA9TG,QU7E2XA9TG,EINECS 212-490-5,Rhenogran nast 50acmf-ge1858,AI3-19808,Sodium stearate [NF],MFCD00036404,E-470(I)STEARIC ACID, SODIUM SALT,DTXSID9027318,CHEBI:132109,Sodium stearate (NF),Sodiumstearate,INS-470(I)STEARIC ACID, SODIUM SALT,INS NO.470(I)STEARIC ACID, SODIUM SALT,SODIUM STEARATE (II),SODIUM STEARATE [II],SODIUM STEARATE (MART.),SODIUM STEARATE [MART.],C18H35NaO2,Sodium palmitostearate,Prifer 1634,SCHEMBL5773,Octadecanoic acid sodium salt,SODIUM STEARATE [MI],SODIUM STEARATE [HSDB],DTXCID807318,SODIUM STEARATE [VANDF],CHEMBL1906423,SODIUM STEARATE [WHO-DD],AKOS028109686,HY-W099570,Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt (1:1),NCGC00164255-01,AS-15926,CS-0152212,NS00075639,D05875,D92227,EN300-6763770,A806549,A840275,Q420066,Octadecanoic acid sodium salt;Stearic acid sodium salt

Sodium octadecanoate is an organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and stearate ions.
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) has a role as a detergent.
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) contains an octadecanoate.

USES OF SODIUM STEARATE (SODIUM OCTADECANOATE) :
Having the characteristics of soaps, sodium stearate has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, a carboxylate and a long hydrocarbon chain.
These two chemically different components induce the formation of micelles, which present the hydrophilic heads outwards and their hydrophobic (hydrocarbon) tails inwards, providing a lipophilic environment for hydrophobic compounds.
The tail part dissolves the grease or dirt and forms the micelle.
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a surfactant to aid the solubility of hydrophobic compounds in the production of various mouth foams.

Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is used as anionic emulsifying agent and viscosity controlling agent in topical and rectal creams;
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is used as lubricant in immediate release tablets;
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is used as gelling agent in cosmetics, shampoos, and solid deodorants;
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is used as cleaner in several household cleaning and industrial cleaning products;

Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is used as manufacturing of toothpastes;
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is used as food additive, in Canada it is approved in confectionery, icings, fillings and baked goods;
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is used as stabilizer for plastics;

Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is used as lubricating agent in plastics manufacturing;
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is used as emulsifier in latex paints;
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is used as ink thickener.

Sodium stearate (IUPAC: Sodium Octadecanoate) is the sodium salt of stearic acid.
This white solid is the most common soap.

Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is used as is found in many types of solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, and inks.
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is used as is also a component of some food additives and food flavorings.

1 sodium octadecanoate, also known as sodium stearate or stearate, sodium salt, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.
Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on sodium octadecanoate.

PRODUCTION OF SODIUM STEARATE (SODIUM OCTADECANOATE):
Sodium stearate is produced as a major component of soap upon saponification of oils and fats.
The percentage of the sodium stearate depends on the ingredient fats.
Tallow is especially high in stearic acid content (as the triglyceride), whereas most fats only contain a few percent.

The idealized equation for the formation of sodium stearate from stearin (the triglyceride of stearic acid) follows:
(C18H35O2)3C3H5 + 3 NaOH → C3H5(OH)3 + 3 C18H35O2Na
Purified sodium stearate can be made by neutralizing stearic acid with sodium hydroxide.
C17H35COOH+NaOH→C17H35COONa+H2O

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM STEARATE (SODIUM OCTADECANOATE)
Chemical formula C18H35NaO2
Molar mass 306.466 g•mol−1
Appearance white solid
Odor slight, tallow-like odor
Density 1.02 g/cm3
Melting point 245 to 255 °C (473 to 491 °F; 518 to 528 K)
Solubility in water soluble
Solubility slightly soluble in ethanediol
CAS Number
822-16-2 check
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
ChEBI
CHEBI:132109 ☒
ChemSpider
12639 check
ECHA InfoCard 100.011.354 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
212-490-5
Molecular Weight
306.5 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
2
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
16
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
306.25347464 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
306.25347464 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
40.1Å²
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
21
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
207
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
2
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
CASE
822-16-2
Molecular formula
C18H35NaO2
Molecular weight (g/mol)
306,466
MDL number
MFCD00036404
InChI Key
RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-MShow more
Synonymous
sodium stearate, sodium octadecanoate, octadecanoic acid, sodium salt, stearates, stearic acid, sodium salt, prodhygine, flexichem b, stearic acid sodium salt, bonderlube 235, unii-qu7e2xa9tgShow more
CID PubChem
2724691
IUPAC name
Sodium; octadecanoate
SMILES
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].[Na+]
Water Solubility 5.4e-05 g/L ALOGPS
logP 8.18 ALOGPS
logP 7.15 ChemAxon
logS -6.8 ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic) 4.95 ChemAxon
Physiological Charge -1 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count 0 ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area 40.13 Å² ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count 16 ChemAxon
Refractivity 97.12 m³•mol⁻¹ ChemAxon
Polarizability 38.16 Å³ ChemAxon
Number of Rings 0 ChemAxon
Bioavailability No ChemAxon
Rule of Five No ChemAxon
Ghose Filter No ChemAxon
Veber's Rule No ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule No
Chemical Formula C18H35NaO2
IUPAC name sodium octadecanoate
InChI Identifier InChI=1S/C18H36O2.Na/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;/h2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);/q;+1/p-1
InChI Key RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Isomeric SMILES [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O
Average Molecular Weight 306.4591
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 306.253475039

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SODIUM STEARATE (SODIUM OCTADECANOATE)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

As the sodium salt of stearic acid, Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is a highly functional material that can be applied in various fields, especially in cosmetic formulations, where it is effective to stabilize emulsions like lotions, make products thicker, more viscous.
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is also widely used in the deodorant produce, in which it can serve as a major constituent of soap produced by saponification of oils and fats.
Besides, Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) can be applied in the production of latex paints, rubbers, inks and also a component of some food additives and flavorings.

CAS: 822-16-2
MF: C18H35NaO2
MW: 306.45907
EINECS: 212-490-5

Synonyms
SODIUM STEARATE, 822-16-2, Sodium octadecanoate, Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt, Flexichem B, Prodhygine, Stearic acid sodium salt, Bonderlube 235, Stearates, Stearic acid, sodium salt, Sodiumstearate, Edenor FHTI, sodium;octadecanoate, Nonsoul sn 15, Sodium stearate, pure, HSDB 5759, UNII-QU7E2XA9TG, QU7E2XA9TG, EINECS 212-490-5, Rhenogran nast 50acmf-ge1858, AI3-19808, Sodium stearate [NF], MFCD00036404, E-470(I)STEARIC ACID, SODIUM SALT, DTXSID9027318, CHEBI:132109, Sodium stearate (NF), INS-470(I)STEARIC ACID, SODIUM SALT, INS NO.470(I)STEARIC ACID, SODIUM SALT, SODIUM STEARATE (II), SODIUM STEARATE [II], SODIUM STEARATE (MART.), SODIUM STEARATE [MART.], C18H35NaO2, Sodium palmitostearate, Prifer 1634, SCHEMBL5773, Octadecanoic acid sodium salt, SODIUM STEARATE [MI], SODIUM STEARATE [HSDB], SODIUM STEARATE [INCI], DTXCID807318, SODIUM STEARATE [VANDF], CHEMBL1906423, SODIUM STEARATE [WHO-DD], RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M, AKOS028109686, HY-W099570, Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt (1:1), NCGC00164255-01, AS-15926, CS-0152212, NS00075639, D05875, D92227, EN300-6763770, A806549, A840275, Q420066

The purified sodium stearate can be synthesized by neutrallzation reaction of stearic acid and sodium hydroxide.
Sodium stearate is the sodium salt of stearic acid.
This white solid is the most common soap.
It is found in many types of solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, and inks.
It is also a component of some food additives and food flavorings.

This white solid is the most common soap.
It is found in many types of solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, and inks.
It is also a component of some food additives and food flavorings.

Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 270 °C
density: 1.07 g/cm3
storage temp: 2-8°C
solubility: Slightly soluble in water and in ethanol (96 per cent).
form: Powder
color: white
Odor: wh. fine powd., fatty (tallow) odor
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE IN COLD AND HOT WATER
Merck: 14,8678
BRN: 3576813
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3; TWA 3 mg/m3
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: 8.216 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 822-16-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) (822-16-2)

Use
Used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food additives, waterproofing agents, plastic stabilizers, emulsifiers, and rubber lubricants and dusting agents; Stearic acid occurs naturally in human and animal fats and oils and in some vegetable oils, including cocoa oil.
Stearic acid can be prepared from animal fat (triglyceride) by treating with water at high temperature, leading to hydrolysis of triglycerides, or by hydrogenation of unsaturated vegetable oils such as cottonseed oil.

Characteristic of soaps, Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, the carboxylate and the long hydrocarbon chain, respectively.
These two chemically different components induce the formation of micelles, which present the hydrophilic heads outwards and their hydrophobic (hydrocarbon) tails inwards, providing a lipophilic environment for hydrophobic compounds.
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a surfactant to aid the solubility of hydrophobic compounds in the production of various mouth foams.

Cosmetic and Personal Care Products:
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is a crucial ingredient in cosmetic and personal care items, functioning as an effective emulsifier and thickening agent.
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) addition enhances stability, texture, and overall quality in products such as soaps, shampoos, lotions, and creams.

Cleaning Products:
Widely employed in the formulation of various cleaning products, Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) plays a key role as an emulsifying agent.
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) unique properties contribute to improved solubility, making it particularly valuable in detergents for breaking down oils and dirt.

Food Industry:
In the food industry, Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) serves as a versatile emulsifier and stabilizer.
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) finds applications in certain food additives and contributes to the stability and texture of specific food products and packaging materials.

Pharmaceutical Industry:
Within the pharmaceutical sector, Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is utilized as a binding agent in tablet formulations.
Additionally, Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) acts as a stabilizer in certain topical pharmaceutical products, ensuring consistency and effectiveness.

Plastic and Rubber Industry:
In plastic and rubber manufacturing processes, Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) acts as a lubricant and release agent.
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) incorporation facilitates material processing and enhances the overall properties of the final plastic and rubber products.

Metal Processing:
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is employed in the metal processing industry as a lubricant and sliding agent.
Particularly in metal forming and cutting operations, Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) aids in reducing friction and enhancing the efficiency of these processes.

Production
Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) is produced as a major component of soap upon saponification of oils and fats.
The percentage of the Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) depends on the ingredient fats.
Tallow is especially high in stearic acid content (as the triglyceride), whereas most fats only contain a few percent.
The idealized equation for the formation of Sodium Stearate (Sodium Octadecanoate) from stearin (the triglyceride of stearic acid) follows:

(C18H35O2)3C3H5 + 3 NaOH → C3H5(OH)3 + 3 C18H35O2Na
Purified sodium stearate can be made by neutralizing stearic acid with sodium hydroxide.

C17H35COOH+NaOH→C17H35COONa+H2O

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a fine white powder or a lumpy solid with a slippery feel, a fatty taste, and water absorption in the air.
The aqueous solution of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is alkaline due to hydrolysis, and the alcohol solution is neutral.

CAS Number: 822-16-2
EC Number: 212-490-5
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)16COONa
Chemical formula: C18H35NaO2

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a sodium salt of stearic acid, which is a saturated fatty acid.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a white, waxy solid that is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is one of the least allergy-causing sodium salts of fatty acids.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is non-irritating to the skin.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is the sodium salt of stearic acid.
This white solid, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt), is the most common soap.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is found in many types of solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, and inks.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also a component of some food additives and food flavorings.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a typical example of a detergent or soap, since it contains a long hydrocarbon 'tail' (magenta) and a carboxylic acid 'head' group (blue).

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is not the only fatty acid to be used in soaps.
Sodium laurate (the salt of lauric acid which is a C11 fatty acid extracted from coconut oil) is often added.
Potassium salts of fatty acids are also used, in combination with excess stearic acid, to give a slow-drying lather for shaving soap.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is the most common fatty acid salt in today’s soaps.
Common sources of the starting material, stearic acid, are vegetable triglycerides obtained from coconut and palm oils and animal triglycerides from tallow.
The names stearic and stearate are derived from stéar, the Greek word for tallow.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is sodium salt of stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a very classic, old-school cleansing agent, a soap (the sodium salt of Stearic Acid).
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is known for its rich, creamy foam and being quite harsh on the skin.

If it's not in a soap bar, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also function as an emulsifier or consistency agent.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is the sodium salt of stearic acid.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) functions as a binder, emulsifier, and anticaking agent.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a compound of sodium with a mixture of solid organic acids obtained from sources of vegetable or animal origin and consists mainly of variable proportions of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) (C18H35NaO2) and sodium palmitate (C16H31NaO2).
The content of stearic acid in the fatty acid fraction is NLT 40.0% of the total content.

The sum of stearic acid and palmitic acid in the fatty acid fraction is NLT 90.0% of the total content.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) contains small amounts of the sodium salts of other fatty acids.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a fine white powder or a lumpy solid with a slippery feel, a fatty taste, and water absorption in the air.

The aqueous solution of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is alkaline due to hydrolysis, and the alcohol solution is neutral.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is prepared by the interaction of stearic acid and sodium hydroxide.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a salt of stearic acid, a naturally occurring saturated fatty acid with the chemical formula C17H35CO2Na.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is not a reproductive toxin or carcinogen but comes from animal fat.
If you're not a fan of animal products, you can try a vegan soap containing plant-based Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) instead.
However, palm oil Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be hard to find in some areas.

Instead of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt), try looking for soaps from other vegetable oils.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is an emollient that is soluble in water.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) helps skin feel smoother and has a high melting point.

In addition to soaps, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt)'s also a popular ingredient in stick deodorants.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also known as sodium octadecanoic.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is soluble in hot water or hot alcohol, decomposed into stearic acid, and the corresponding sodium salt in case of acid.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is insoluble in ether, light gasoline, acetone, and similar organic solvents.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also insoluble in electrolyte solutions such as salt and sodium hydroxide.
The aqueous solution of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is alkaline due to hydrolysis, and the alcohol solution is neutral.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is prepared by the interaction of stearic acid and sodium hydroxide.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is widely used in the manufacture of toothpaste, soap, and cosmetics, as well as waterproofing agents, plastic stabilizers, and adhesives.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is an organic substance and is a natural acid salt.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is obtained by the metathesis reaction of calcium stearate and sodium chloride.
The metal calcium content is 6.5%, the melting point is 149-155 ° C, the hearing loss is less than 2%, the relative density is 1.08, and the fineness is 0.075 mm. 99.5%, free acid (calculated as stearic acid) 0.5%, water-absorbent in air.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a vegetable-based soap material sourced from coconut and palm oils.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is often referred to as a sodium salt that comes from stearic acid, a fatty acid that occurs naturally.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a compound of sodium with a mixture of solid organic acids obtained from sources of vegetable or animal origin and consists mainly of variable proportions of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) (C18H35NaO2) and sodium palmitate (C16H31NaO2).

The content of stearic acid in the fatty acid fraction is NLT 40.0% of the total content.
The sum of stearic acid and palmitic acid in the fatty acid fraction is NLT 90.0% of the total content.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) contains small amounts of the sodium salts of other fatty acids.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a white to off-white powder.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt), NaC18H35O2, white solid, soluble, froth or foam upon shaking the water solution (soap), formed by the reaction of NaOH and stearic acid (in alcoholic solution) and evaporating.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is an organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and stearate ions.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has a role as a detergent.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) contains an octadecanoate.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has the appearance of white powder, with fat odor, a smooth feeling, soluble in hot water and ethanol, acid decomposition into stearic acid and the corresponding sodium salt.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is the sodium salt of stearic acid.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) functions as a binder, emulsifier, and anticaking agent.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is the sodium salt of stearic acid.
The purified Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be synthesized by neutrallzation reaction of stearic acid and sodium hydroxide.

As the sodium salt of stearic acid, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a highly functional material that can be applied in various fields, especially in cosmetic formulations, where it is effective to stabilize emulsions like lotions, make products thicker, more viscous.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also widely used in the deodorant produce, in which it can serve as a major constituent of soap produced by saponification of oils and fats.

Besides, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be applied in the production of latex paints, rubbers, inks and also a component of some food additives and flavorings.
The purified Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be synthesized by neutrallzation reaction of stearic acid and sodium hydroxide.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is the sodium salt of stearic acid, a natural fatty acid, and it appears as a white powder with a slippery texture and a greasy odor.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) readily dissolves in hot water or hot alcohol.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is the sodium salt of stearic acid.
This white solid, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt), is the most common soap.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is found in many types of solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, and inks.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also a component of some food additives and food flavorings.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a white to off-white powder.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is the sodium salt of stearic acid.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) functions as a binder, emulsifier, and anticaking agent.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is an organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and stearate ions.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) (IUPAC: sodium octadecanoate) is the sodium salt of stearic acid.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is the most common soap.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is found in many types of solid deodorants, rubber, latex paints and inks.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also a component of some food additives and food flavorings.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) which is also called as sodium octadecanoate is obtained from stearic acid as a sodium salt.
Along with many types of solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, inks and in accelerators, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is the major component of soap.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is the sodium salt of stearic acid.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is the most common soap.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is found in many types of solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, and inks.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.
These two parts force different chemical components to form micelles, with the hydrophilic part facing the outside and the hydrophobic part facing the inside of the chain.

Pure Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is synthesized by the chemical reaction between stearic acid and sodium hydroxide.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be produced through saponification or hydrolysis reaction between sodium hydroxide and triglyceride.
Derived from edible fats (e.g. coconut, palm), Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is an incredibly common fatty acid salt.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be found in a dry white powder, liquid, pellets, and even wet solids.
When in an aqueous solution, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is considered alkaline while in an alcohol solution, it is considered neutral.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is the sodium salt of stearic acid.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used β-Lactamase inhibitor
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used Pharmaceutic aid (emulsifying and stiffening agent).
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in glycerol suppositories.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also used in toothpaste; as waterproofing agent.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a fatty acid used as a waterproofing agent.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is the sodium salt of stearic acid.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) functions as a binder, emulsifier, and anticaking agent.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in soaps and shaving creams.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) improves cassava paste texture by reducing viscosity.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) component also can reduce the gelation temperature of the paste.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as a plasticizer in chewing gum base.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is widely used in various industries for its emulsifying, foaming, and cleansing properties.

In the cosmetic and personal care industry, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as an emulsifier, surfactant, and thickening agent in creams, lotions, and soaps.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) helps stabilize emulsions, improve the texture of products, and enhance their foaming properties.

Soap production: Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as a surfactant and emulsifier in soap manufacturing.
Toothpaste: Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) acts as a thickening agent in toothpaste.
Cosmetics: Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) serves as an emulsifier and stabilizer in cosmetic products.

Plastics: Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) functions as a waterproofing agent and stabilizer for plastics.
Food industry: Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in food products.
Pharmaceutical industry: Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is an excipient in tablet formulations.

Health additives: Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is utilized in health products for various purposes.
Other industrial applications: Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as a lubricant, mold release agent, and thickening agent in various industries.

Characteristic of soaps, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, the carboxylate and the long hydrocarbon chain, respectively.
These two chemically different components induce the formation of micelles, which present the hydrophilic heads outwards and their hydrophobic (hydrocarbon) tails inwards, providing a lipophilic environment for hydrophobic compounds.

The tail part dissolves the grease (or) dirt and forms the micelle.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a surfactant to aid the solubility of hydrophobic compounds in the production of various mouth foams.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a sodium salt that is commonly used as a surfactant and emulsifying agent in the food industry.
The drug interactions with Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) are not well known, but it has been shown to have an effect on fetal bovine serum (FBS) cell viability at concentrations above 10%.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) typically shows a thermal expansion of 5–6% per degree Celsius.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also used in conjunction with CO2 flow to produce anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be found in foods such as margarine, shortening, and baking powder.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) also has metabolic effects such as promoting the production of insulin and reducing blood sugar levels.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has also been shown to inhibit tumor growth in bone cancer cell lines.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used β-Lactamase inhibitor.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used Pharmaceutical aid (emulsifying and stiffening agent).
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in glycerol suppositories; also in toothpaste; as waterproofing agent.
Besides being a major soap component, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as an additive in other cosmetic products to form solid “stick” shapes.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used emulsifier and dispersant in latex paints; ink thickener; stabilizer, viscosity enhancer, and dispersant for liquid makeups; FDA-approved flavor additive; viscosity modifier in gelled fragrances; lubricant in polycarbonates and nylons; and lubricant and de-dusting agent in rubber production.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a fatty acid used as a waterproofing agent.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is one of the least allergy-causing sodium salts of fatty acids.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is non-irritating to the skin.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as a plasticizer in chewing gum base.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is widely used in the manufacture of cosmetics, detergents, and lubricants.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is commonly used in the production of food, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, paper, rubber, glass, fuel, ink, etc. and also used as a waterproofing agent, plastic stabilizer, and adhesive.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt)'s used as a binder, emulsifier, and gelling agent in food and personal care products.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt)'s also used in toothpaste.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a surface-active agent used to stabilize cassava starch.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a versatile material used as an emulsifier, dispersant, gelling agent, stabilizer, binder, viscosity modifier and more.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as a source of stearate.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in the manufacture of toothpaste, also used as a water repellent, plastic stabilizer.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics, plastics, metal processing, metal cutting, etc.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also used in acrylate rubber soap/sulfur and vulcanization systems.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is mainly used as emulsifier, dispersant, lubricant, surface treatment agent, corrosion inhibitor, etc.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in adhesives and sealants, laundry and dishwashing products, plastic and rubber products.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as surface active agents.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used the gelling agent for deodrant sticks.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as waterproofing additives and ointments.
Detergent: Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used to control foam during rinsing. (Sodium stearate is the main ingredient of soap)

Emulsifier or dispersant: Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used for polymer emulsification and antioxidants.
Corrosion inhibitor: Polyethylene packaging film makes Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) have protective properties.
Cosmetics: Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used shaving gel, transparent viscose, etc.

Adhesive: Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as a natural glue and then paste paper.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) functions as a binder, emulsifier, and anticaking agent.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as a plasticizer in chewing gum base.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a fatty acid used as a waterproofing agent.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is one of the least allergy-causing sodium salts of fatty acids.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is non-irritating to the skin.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used Pharmaceutic aid (emulsifying and stiffening agent).
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in glycerol suppositories; also in toothpaste; as waterproofing agent.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as a plasticizer in chewing gum base.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in toothpaste manufacture, waterproof agent, plastic stabilizer, metal heat treatment and plastic stabilizer, soap detergent and emulsifier in cosmetics.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is mainly used for making soap detergents.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be used not only as an activator, but also as an excipient, as an emulsifier in cosmetics and an emulsifier for O/W products.
As the sodium salt of stearic acid, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a highly functional material that can be applied in various fields, especially in cosmetic formulations, where it is effective to stabilize emulsions like lotions, make products thicker, more viscous.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also widely used in the deodorant produce, in which it can serve as a major constituent of soap produced by saponification of oils and fats.
Besides, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be applied in the production of latex paints, rubbers, inks and also a component of some food additives and flavorings.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used pharmaceutic aid (emulsifying and stiffening agent).
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in glycerol suppositories; also in toothpaste; as waterproofing agent.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as a plasticizer in chewing gum base.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be used to provide rich white lather in personal care products and hardening substances like deodorant.
Characteristic of soaps, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, the carboxylate and the long hydrocarbon chain, respectively.

These two chemically different components induce the formation of micelles, which present the hydrophilic heads outwards and their hydrophobic (hydrocarbon) tails inwards, providing a lipophilic environment for hydrophobic compounds.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a surfactant to aid the solubility of hydrophobic compounds in the production of various mouth foams.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used β-Lactamase inhibitor
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a fatty acid used as a waterproofing agent.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is one of the least allergy-causing sodium salts of fatty acids.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is non-irritating to the skin.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used Rubber industries, Production of detergents, Plastic industries, Production of lubricants, Pharmaceutical industries, Food industries, Production of explosives, Plating industries, and Surfactant.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used High Purity / Soaps / Detergents / Cosmetics / Reagent / Industrial / Deosticks / Insect repellant Gel / Metal treatement / Dust free applications
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in pharmaceuticals (emulsifying and stiffening agent); in glycerol suppositories; in toothpastes.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as waterproofing agent; as gelling agent; in cosmetics; as stabilizer in plastics; and as topical medication.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in various cleaning products (most common ingredient in soap); as food additive (binder, emulsifier, and anti-caking agent).

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as a plasticizer in chewing gum base.
Characteristically for soaps, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, carboxylates and long hydrocarbon chains, respectively.

These two chemically distinct moieties induce the formation of micelles, presenting a hydrophilic head on the outside and a hydrophobic (hydrocarbon) tail on the inside, providing a lipophilic environment for hydrophobic compounds.
The tail part breaks down oil stains and forms micelles.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a surfactant to help dissolve hydrophobic compounds in the manufacture of various mouse foams.
Application of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt): Stick cosmetics (e.g. deodorants), color cosmetics, soaps, creams, lotions, sunscreens, after sun care products.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) does not dissolve in cold water, but as the water temperature increases, its dissolution increases rapidly.
For this reason, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in the initial formulation of all types of grease removers and as the most common soap substance.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is extensively utilized in soap and toothpaste production, as well as in applications such as waterproofing and plastic stabilization.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is employed as a waterproofing agent, gelling agent, and stabilizer in plastics, and it finds uses in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries as an additive for improving various products.

Additionally, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) serves as the primary ingredient in the manufacturing of numerous soap formulations.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) in skin care is typically used to thicken, lubricate, control viscosity, and keep ingredients from separating.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is often found in deodorant, toothpaste, soap, makeup, body wash, facial cleanser, shampoo, and hair coloring.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also used as a binder and anti-caking agent in food products.

-Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in Detergent:
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt)is the primary raw material for making soaps and is also suitable for the preparation of low foaming or non-foaming detergents ideal for use in washing machines.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used to make water, ethanol, isopropanol, mixtures of silicones and soaps, and gel products for cleaning smooth surfaces.
Stearic acid can also be used to make cleaning agents that are pyrolyzed from a variety of surfaces.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used in preservative and bleaching detergents.

-Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in Food:
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be used in the processing of pastry cakes in the bakery.
The food is brighter in color and more crispy in taste.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used as an excipient for the production of fat-free, starch-free, low-glucose corn syrup, as well as a base for the production of chewing gum.

-Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in Ceramic products:
Mixing Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt), phosphoric acid, sand, and chrome, and magnesia can produce a ceramic glaze with stable rheology.
The coating of this ceramic glaze has a lower firing temperature and a thinner thickness, which can be fired — beautiful, lightweight ceramic products.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also increase the mechanical strength of ordinary fineness cement.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) may also be added to some of the stomata, slow-hardening cement inner and outer wall linings.

-Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in Pharmaceutical:
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can act as an emulsifier in aqueous emulsions, such as in the preparation of glycerin, olive oil emulsions.
Sodium sulfate can also be used to produce stable, high liquefaction temperature castor oil gels that have a significant effect on some skin conditions and that cause dermatitis caused by industrial enzymes and certain chemicals.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has an excellent protective effect.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used to prepare glycerol suppositories, as well as to make sterilized tablets for use in food processing equipment that control solubility.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used in toothpaste and can also be used to treat topical sores and other skin conditions.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used as a dry lubricant in tablet forming.

-Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in Paper:
Paper has now been produced by a method in which cellulose fibers are partially acetified by mixing Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt), aluminum chloride, and a cationic thermosetting polyamine.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also act as a lubricant in the preparation of fillers for the cellulose used in papermaking.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used together with sodium gluconate for the internal gum of paper.
In order to increase the amount of starch in a certain sizing paper, various starch and Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) compounds were tested and coagulated with aluminum stearate.

-Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in Glass:
A glass shock-proof coating for keeping glass cullet for one day or two days can be made with ethylene, methacrylic acid polymer sodium salt, and Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt).
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used to prepare glass electrodes for determining ion concentrations.

-Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in Ink:
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be used as a lipophilic agent for the production of flat metal printing plates.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is prepared together with a stilbene or the like to remove a stain of ink such as a raw ball oil.

-Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in Polishing agent:
Heating Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) with trimethyl-sec-tridecyl chlorohydrin can obtain a waxy product that can be used in a wax emulsion and has a melting point of 63-64 °C.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used in die-cast zinc drums to produce gloss.

-Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in Fuel:
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt), together with polyethylene glycol, hexamethylenetetramine, and methanol, can be used as a solid fuel to improve flammability and combustion and to have no bad odor when burned.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt), monoethanolamine, lauryl methacrylate, and methanol can be made into a fuel similar to that described above, which contains an amine that prevents the formation of formaldehyde upon combustion.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used to make organic liquid gels that are used as aircraft fuels to reduce the risk of fire.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used as a preservative additive for fuel oils as a dispersant for aqueous magnesium hydroxide suspensions.

SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) IS USED IN LUBRICANT:
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has many uses in the manufacture of lubricating oils and greases, such as the preparation of lubricants for cold metal forming.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be added to make lubricants suitable for temperatures up to 750 °C.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used to prepare low-flame point hydraulic oils and lubricating oils having a useful viscosity index.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be used together with a copolymer of acrylamide and sodium acrylate to stabilize the cutting fluid of the metal.

The addition of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) also reduces the fluid resistance and initial shear stress of the drilling mud.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be used as a lubricant in the cold pressing of aluminum and aluminum alloys.
A mixed oil containing Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is applied to the surface of the steel to facilitate extrusion and drawing of the material.

It is common practice to apply zinc phosphate to the surface of the metal before it is immersed in an aqueous solution of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) and sulfonated tallow.
When steel is extruded in an environment of 900 ° C to 1150 ° C, the traditional practice is to use a glass wool or fiberglass liner as a lubricant between the billet and the mold, if Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as a foaming agent, and glass wool.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as a liner, the adhesion of the glass wool on the surface of the formed metal product is significantly reduced.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can create a dry film lubricant with lead disulfide.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can work more effectively under high-pressure conditions.
At the same time, this dry film lubricant is waterproof and easy to use.
Mixing Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt), aluminum stearate, and magnesium stearate can produce oils for roller bearings and ball bearings.

The composition of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is hard sodium acid 10%, aluminum stearate 40%, calcium stearate 10%, zinc oxide 15%, talc 5%, mineral oil 10%.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used as a lubricant for the drawing and pressing of wires and is particularly useful in the dry picture of ferrous wires.

SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) IS USED IN RUBBER:
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be used as an aid in the vulcanization of propylene rubber and elastomers containing active halogens and sulfur.
Butadiene and isoprene can be polymerized in a hydrocarbon solvent using Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) as a catalyst.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used as a crosslinking agent in a butene rubber.
Among the anti-collision graft copolymers for producing butadiene latex, styrene, and propylene wax, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as an adjuvant.

The addition of caustic soda and a wetting agent to the Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) solution containing zinc sulfate can be used to prevent the agglomeration of the isobutylene rubber particles.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used in the formulation of fluoro rubbers to provide good release properties.
The polychloroprene rubber obtained in the emulsion containing the resin soap can be mixed with Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) to improve the rolling quality remarkably.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used to improve the vulcanization of polychloroprene rubber, and it can also be used as a transparent product in a mixture of polyester rubber.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can improve the effect of preventing premature vulcanization of some rubber.
Among carbonates and sulfates, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is an effective dispersant for carbonates and sulfates.

SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) IS USED IN COSMETICS:
Stearic acid is widely quoted in cosmetics and usually used as an emulsifier and thickener.
However, these cosmetics are very sensitive to certain substances that reduce the effectiveness of Sodium Stearates (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt), such as acids, electrolytes, and cationic surfactants.

A mixture of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) soap and stearic acid glycerin can be used as an emulsifier for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and by testing its effects, it has been found that a component of the mixture alone is not obtained.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has a protective effect on the skin and can be used in some skin ointments to prevent the solvent component of the cream from damaging the skin.

Among emulsifying perfumes and pasty hair dyes, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be used as an emulsifier.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) soap and polylactic acid, vinyl vinegar plus dyes and pigments can be used to make lipsticks and eye shadow pens.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be used as a thickener and opacifier in shampoos.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt)-based stick cosmetics, including robust flavors (long sticks) and antiperspirant creams used in summer, mainly made of stearic acid soap plus ethanol, taste, and deodorant.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) cream is not greasy; its film on the skin is not oily, so it is the basis of many cream products; it will not produce oily luster on the surface.

OTHER USES OF SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in the catalyst system in the cyclopentene reaction for producing urea.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as an emulsifier in the purification of fatty acid vinegar and para-isopropyl phenol in hot water.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used to prevent auto-oxidation of sulfide ore during flotation.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used together with polystyrene for the solidification of charged powder deposits after waste incineration.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be used to stabilize isobutyraldehyde to prevent the formation of terpolymers and as an adjunct for the production of vanadium-free tetrachloride.

SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) IS USED IN POLYMER:
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has many applications in the production and processing of polymers and copolymers.
Ethyl acrylate and methyl acrylate copolymers in low molecular weight vinegar, ketone and alcohol solutions, when used in combination with Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt), prevent their tendency to flow and make them vicious.

The indoleamine is copolymerized with an organic isocyanate in the presence of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) to form a polyimide foam.
The addition of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) improves the compressive strength and separability of the polyether vinegar mold.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be used to produce anti-static polyethylene.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used as a dispersing agent for polyethylene and ethylene acetic acid in water.
Polyethylene containing a large amount of catalyst residue can be stabilized by a non-corrosive stabilizer containing Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) as an active ingredient to prevent degradation caused by ultraviolet rays.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used to remove catalysts from polymers and can also be used to make fire-resistant ethylene, propylene agglomerates.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also useful in the preparation of microporous polypropylene filaments.

Doping Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) soap can produce polyvinyl acetate vinegar particles which prevent agglomeration.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used as a component of antioxidants to stabilize the polyisobutylene oxide shape.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has been used as a component of non-toxic stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride.

The polyvinyl chloride filler with Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has a function of stabilizing the quality and improving the performance.
In the preparation of lead compounds, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also used as a stabilizer.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be used to prepare a foamed, flowable polyvinyl chloride powder to make a polyvinyl chloride emulsion having a particle size of 0.1-minute micrometer and which can be used for a plastisol.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also be used to improve the heat sealability of polyvinyl chloride tubular sheets.
Polyvinyl formal and polyvinyl butyral can be dissolved in a concentrated solution of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) without degradation, and dilution of the solution does not precipitate the polymer.

The kinetics of isothermal batch polymerization of styrene into polystyrene aqueous emulsion was studied using Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) as an emulsifier.
The blend of polystyrene and Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is extruded through a nozzle and then washed with hot water to remove the soap from the rod to produce the fiber.

This method is also suitable for making foamed polyethylene.
Non-flying pigments for thermoplastics are made from Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) and insoluble pigments.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) soap can also be used as a coating for highly transparent calcium carbonate fillers, and as a sufficient antifreeze for cellulose acetate butyrate plastic products.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can also react with calcium chloride and zinc chloride in the presence of stearyl alcohol to form a dense metal soap with good breaking strength.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be used as a lubricant and stabilizer in polymers.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be prepared by a continuous process.

SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) IS A MAJOR COMPONENT OF MANY SOAPS, COSMETICS AND FOOD ADDITIVES:
1. Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in the manufacture of toothpaste.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also used as a waterproofing agent and plastic stabilizer for metal heat treatment and chemical stabilizer for soap detergent.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as an emulsifier in cosmetics.

2. Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used in the manufacture of soap detergents.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used both as an active agent and as an excipient in block soaps, as an emulsifier for cosmetics and as an emulsifier for O/W type products.

Detergent: Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used to control the foam during the rinsing process. (Sodium stearate is the main ingredient of soap)
Emulsifier or dispersant: Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used for emulsification of polymers and medium antioxidants.

Corrosion inhibitor: Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has protective properties and the like in a polyethylene packaging film.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) in skin care cosmetics: shaving gel, transparent adhesive, etc.
Adhesive: Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as natural rubber and then attached to the paper

CHARACTERISTIC OF SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a white to off-white powder.
Sodium stearate, NaC18H35O2, white solid, soluble, froth or foam upon shaking the water solution (soap), formed by reaction of NaOH and stearic acid (in alcoholic solution) and evaporating.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as a source of stearate.

FUNCTIONS OF SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*CLEANSING:
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) cleans skin, hair or teeth

*SURFACTANT - CLEANSING:
Surface-active agent to clean skin, hair and / or teeth

*SURFACTANT - EMULSIFYING:
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) allows the formation of finely dispersed mixtures of oil and water (emulsions)

*VISCOSITY CONTROLLING:
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) increases or decreases the viscosity of cosmetic products

WHITE FINE POWDER OR LUMPS SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) NATURAL?
Is Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt)Natural?
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a chemical synthesized ingredient and not natural, but derived from the natural ingredient stearic acid, which is a saturated fatty acid can be made from vegetable sources, such as rapeseed oil, palm oil and sunflower oil.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a solid with a slippery feel, a fatty taste, and water absorption in the air.

WHERE IS SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) FOUND?
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is the sodium salt of stearic acid.
This white solid, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt), is the most common soap.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is found in many types of solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, and inks.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also a component of some food additives and food flavorings.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be used as a heat stabilizer for polyethylene.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has excellent lubricity and good processing properties.

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has a synergistic effect with zinc soap and epoxy compound, can improve thermal stability, and base-based lead salt and lead.
Soap is used in hard products to increase the rate of gelation.

The use of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) in polyethylene and polypropylene eliminates the adverse effects of residual catalysts on the color and stability of the resin.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also widely used as a lubricant and release agent for polyolefins, polyester reinforced plastics, phenolic resin amino resins, and other heat-curing plastics.

PREPARATION OF SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
Stearic acids may be derived from many sources.
These oils can be split into glycerin and fatty acids, one of which is stearic acid.
The stearic acid is isolated and then combined with sodium hydroxide in a saponification process to produce the soap ingredient called Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt).

HOW IS SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) MADE?
1. Stearic acid was added to the reaction vessel, heated to melt, and then added with NaOH aqueous solution under stirring, heated at 65°C for two h, and the pH was controlled at 8.0 to 8.5. Spray-dried to give the product.
C17H35COOH+NaOH=C17H35COONa+H2O

2. 10g stearic acid is dissolved in 100mL 95% ethanol, titrated with 0.5mol / L sodium hydroxide ethanol solution, using phenolphthalein as an indicator, titrated to the equivalent point, the precipitated Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) soap Filter out.
The crude product can be recrystallized from 95% ethanol to give a pure product.

The chemical equation for the reaction of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) with water
C17H35COONa+H2O=reversible=C17H35COOH+NaOH

Saponification reaction chemical equation of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt)
CHOCOC17H35 + 3NaOH ----> 3C17H35-COONa + CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH

THE PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING EMOLLIENTS WITH SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) INCLUDES TWO STEPS:
First, the monomer is added at a rate of 2.5 lb/hr, and the
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) solution is added at a rate of 1.2 lb/hr.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is necessary to maintain a temperature between 40degC and 60degC throughout this process.

The second step is the formation of the zeta phase.
In this phase, crystals grow through a process called Oswald ripening, which decreases the area of the boundary between the solid and the liquid phase.
The crystals are chemically similar but differ in their molecular arrangement and size.
Large delta-phase crystals are opaque.

PRODUCTION OF SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is produced as a major component of soap upon saponification of oils and fats.
The percentage of the Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) depends on the ingredient fats.
Tallow is especially high in stearic acid content (as the triglyceride), whereas most fats only contain a few percent.
The idealized equation for the formation of Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) from stearin (the triglyceride of stearic acid) follows:

(C18H35O2)3C3H5 + 3 NaOH → C3H5(OH)3 + 3 C18H35O2Na
Purified Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) can be made by neutralizing stearic acid with sodium hydroxide.
C17H35COOH+NaOH→C17H35COONa+H2O

Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is an organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and stearate ions.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has a role as a detergent.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) contains an octadecanoate.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a white to off-white powder.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt), NaC18H35O2, white solid, soluble, froth or foam upon shaking the water solution (soap), formed by reaction of NaOH and stearic acid (in alcoholic solution) and evaporating. Used as a source of stearate.

FORMULA OF SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a common ingredient in food and personal care products.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt)'s a sodium salt of stearic acid and is used to make many types of soap.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is also found in many types of solid deodorants.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt)'s also an ingredient in some types of food additives, including flavourings.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is an emollient which can help skin feel smoother after bathing or showering.

WHAT DOES SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) DO?
Given its consistency, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a major constituent of most vegetable-based soaps.
In a deodorant, like the ones we make, Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has the unique ability to form a structure with other materials like vegetable propylene glycol, glycerin, and propanediol to form a solid stick shape.

HOW IS SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) MADE?
Stearic acids may be derived from many sources.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is derived from coconut and palm oils.
These oils can be split into glycerin and fatty acids, one of which is stearic acid.
The stearic acid is isolated and then combined with sodium hydroxide in a saponification process to produce the soap ingredient called Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt).

IS SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) THE RIGHT OPTION FOR ME?
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has a long history of safe use in personal care products.

WHY DO WE USE SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) IN FORMULATIONS?
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) has a couple of really neat uses in cosmetics.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) functions as a thickener/gelling agent and co-emulsifier.
You’ll commonly find Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) in deodorants, where it is combined with propylene glycol or propanediol to create a solid stick base that actives can be added to.

DO YOU NEED SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT)?
No, but if you have a formulation that calls for it there’s no substitution.

REFINED OR UNREFINED OF SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT)?
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) only exists as a refined product.

STRENGHTS OF SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is an excellent thickener/gelling agent.

WEAKNESSES OF SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
Harder to source than many ingredients, high pH.

ALTERNATIVES AND SUBSTITUTIONS OF SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
I haven’t found any viable alternatives for sodium stearate when Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as a gelling agent with propylene glycol/propanediol.
As a thickener, you might try stearic acid, but keep in mind stearic acid is not water-soluble like sodium stearate is.

HOW TO WORK WITH SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
Slowly sprinkle Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) into the hot aqueous phase to dissolve, whisking to incorporate.

STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE OF SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
Storage & Shelf Life
Stored Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) somewhere cool, dark, and dry, sodium stearate should last at least two years.

TIPS, TRICKS, AND QUARKS OF SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT)::
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) + propylene glycol or propanediol creates a very cool semi-translucent gelled solid!

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt), NaC18H35O2, white solid, soluble, froth or foam upon shaking the water solution (soap), formed by reaction of NaOH and stearic acid (in alcoholic solution) and evaporating.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is used as a source of stearate.

PURIFICATION METHODS OF SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is better to prepare it by adding a slight excess of octadecanoic acid to ethanolic NaOH, evaporating and extracting the residue with dry Et2O.

SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) - SOAP:
Sodium Stearate – Soap
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is a typical example of a detergent or soap, since it contains a long hydrocarbon ‘tail’ (magenta) and a carboxylic acid ‘head’ group (blue).

The molecule gets over the problem that “oil and water don’t mix” by having a molecule with 2 parts – an oily part and an ionic part.
The tail is basically an alkane, and so readily dissolves in fat, oil and grease, but not in water.
Thus the tail is said to be hydrophobic (water-hating).

The head-group however is polar, and so easily dissolves in water (hydrophilic – water-loving) and will not dissolve in oil or grease.
Thus when added to water containing dirt, oil or fat droplets (e.g. when doing the washing up, at bath time, or the laundry, etc), the tail avoids contact with the water by burying itself into the oil droplets, leaving the head groups sticking out into the water, as they prefer.

Thus the oil and dirt are dragged off the dirty objects (dishes, clothes or people!) collected together into clumps and washed down the drain.
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is not the only fatty acid to be used in soaps.
Sodium laurate (the salt of lauric acid which is a C۱۱ fatty acid extracted from coconut oil) is often added.
Potassium salts of fatty acids are also used, in combination with excess stearic acid, to give a slow-drying lather for shaving soap.

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BIODEGRADABILITY OF SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
Natural bacteria can metabolize soaps, and this process is most rapid when there are no branches in the hydrocarbon tail of the soap molecule.
Since the naturally occurring fatty acids are all straight-chained, soaps derived from natural fats (like Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) and laurate) are biodegradable.

However, in 1933 the first synthetic detergents were marketed, with the advantage that they did not form the hard ‘scum’ that often results when soap is used in hard water regions.
(This scum is actually the insoluble calcium and magnesium salts of the fatty acid, e.g. calcium stearate.)
The first detergents were alkylbenzenesulfonates: like soaps they had a polar head and a large hydrocarbon tail, but the tail was branched.

‌

HOW IS SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) MADE?
Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is made by reacting stearic acid with sodium hydroxide.
When saponified (i.e. converting fats and oils into soap and alcohol), Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is produced.

IS SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT) SAFE?
The EWG has determined that Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) is safe for use in cosmetics when it's formulated to be non-irritating and non-sensitizing.
The Environmental Protection Agency has placed Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) on its Safer Chemical Ingredients List.
Whole Foods has deemed Sodium Stearate (Stearic Acid Sodium Salt) acceptable in its body care quality standards.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
Chemical formula: C18H35NaO2
Molar mass: 306.466 g·mol−1
Appearance: white solid
Odor: slight, tallow-like odor
Density: 1.02 g/cm3
Melting point: 245 to 255 °C (473 to 491 °F; 518 to 528 K)
Solubility in water: soluble
Solubility: slightly soluble in ethanediol
IUPAC Name: sodium;octadecanoate
INCHI: InChI=1S/C18H36O2.Na/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;/h2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);/q;+1/p-1
InChi Key: RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Canonical SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].[Na+]
Molecular Formula: C18H35NaO2
PubChem CID: 2724691
Beilstein: 3576813
Molecular Weight: 306.46
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 16
Exact Mass: 306.25347464 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 306.25347464 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.1Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 21

Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 207
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Compound Formula: C18H35NaO2
Molecular Weight: 306.49
Appearance: White powder
Melting Point: 245-255 °C
Boiling Point: 360 °C (760 mmHg)
Density: 1.02 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: Soluble
Heat of Vaporization: 63.84 kJ/mol
Exact Mass: 306.253 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 306.253 g/mol
Linear Formula: Na(OOCC17H35)
MDL Number: MFCD00036404
EC No.: 212-490-5
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: 3576813

Pubchem CID: 2724691
IUPAC Name: sodium; octadecanoate
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].[Na+]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/C18H36O2.Na/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;/h2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);/q;+1/p-1
InchI Key: RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Molecular Weight： 306.46
Exact Mass： 306.253479
EC Number： 212-490-5
UNII： QU7E2XA9TG
DSSTox ID： DTXSID9027318
Color/Form： WHITE POWDER
HScode： 2915709000
PSA： 40.1
XLogP3： 4.99780
Appearance： white Powder
Density： 1.07 g/cm3
Melting Point： 270 °C
Boiling Point： 359.4°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point： 162.4ºC
Water Solubility： soluble IN COLD AND HOT WATER
INSOL IN MANY ORGANIC SOLVENTS
Storage Conditions： 2-8°C
Odor： SLIGHT, TALLOW-LIKE ODOR

PH： AQ SOLN IS STRONGLY ALKALINE, DUE TO HYDROLYSIS
ALC SOLN IS PRACTICALLY NEUTRAL
Experimental Properties： SOAPY FEEL
CAS: 822-16-2
EINECS: 212-490-5
InChI: InChI=1/C18H36O2.Na/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;/h2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey: RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Molecular Formula: C18H35NaO2
Molar Mass: 306.45907
Density: 1.07 g/cm3
Melting Point: 270 °C
Boling Point: 359.4°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 162.4°C
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE IN COLD AND HOT WATER
Solubility: Slowly soluble in cold water.
Solubility increases with temperature
Vapor Presure: 8.58E-06mmHg at 25°C
Appearance: Powder
Color: white
Exposure Limit ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3; TWA 3 mg/m3
Merck: 14,8678
BRN: 3576813
Storage Condition: 2-8°C

Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
MDL: MFCD00036404
Chemical formula：C18H35NaO2
Product Name: Sodium stearate
CAS: 822-16-2
MF:C18H35NaO2
MW:306.45907
EINECS:212-490-5
IUPAC NameSodium;octadecanoate
Molecular Weight306.46
Molecular FormulaC18H35NaO2
Canonical SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].[Na+]
InChI: RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI Key: InChI=1S/C18H36O2.Na/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;/h2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);/q;+1/p-1
Melting Point: 245 – 255ºC
Flash Point: 162.4ºC
Density: 1.103 g/cm³
Solubility: Soluble in hot water, alcohol and esters
Appearance: Off-white powder
Storage: Store in a closed container at a dry place at room temperature
C No.: Chain C18:0
Complexity: 207

Composition: Sodium stearate
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Exact Mass: 306.25347464
Heavy Atom Count: 21
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Monoisotopic Mass: 306.25347464
Physical State: Solid
Rotatable Bond Count: 16
Safety Description: 24/25
Sodium Derivative Of Stearate
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Supplemental Hazard Statements: H319-H411
Symbol: GHS07,GHS09
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.1 Å²
Melting point: 270 °C
Density: 1.07 g/cm3
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Slightly soluble in water and in ethanol (96 per cent).
form: Powder
color: white

Odor: wh. fine powd., fatty (tallow) odor
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE IN COLD AND HOT WATER
Merck: 14,8678
BRN: 3576813
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3; TWA 3 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: 8.216 (est)
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): SODIUM STEARATE
FDA 21 CFR: 177.2600; 181.29
CAS DataBase Reference: 822-16-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: QU7E2XA9TG
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium stearate (822-16-2)
Chemical formula: C18H35NaO2
Molar mass: 306.466 g·mol−1
Appearance: white solid
Odor: slight, tallow-like odor
Density: 1.02 g/cm3
Melting point: 245 to 255 °C (473 to 491 °F; 518 to 528 K)
Solubility in water: soluble
Solubility: slightly soluble in ethanediol
Appearance Form: solid
Color: white

Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): May form combustible dust concentrations in air.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Appropriate engineering controls:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM STEARATE (STEARIC ACID SODIUM SALT):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

SYNONYMS:
Sodium octadecanoate
Octadecanoic acid sodium salt, Stearic acid sodium salt
SODIUM STEARATE
822-16-2
Sodium octadecanoate
Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt
Flexichem B
Prodhygine
Stearic acid sodium salt
Bonderlube 235
Stearates
Stearic acid, sodium salt
Sodiumstearate
Edenor FHTI
sodium;octadecanoate
Nonsoul sn 15
Sodium stearate, pure
HSDB 5759
UNII-QU7E2XA9TG
QU7E2XA9TG
EINECS 212-490-5
Rhenogran nast 50acmf-ge1858
AI3-19808
Sodium stearate [NF]
E-470(I)STEARIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
DTXSID9027318
CHEBI:132109
Sodium stearate (NF)
INS-470(I)STEARIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
INS NO.470(I)STEARIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
SODIUM STEARATE (II)
SODIUM STEARATE [II]
SODIUM STEARATE (MART.)
SODIUM STEARATE [MART.]
MFCD00036404
C18H35NaO2
Sodium palmitostearate
Prifer 1634
Rashayan Sodium Stearate
SCHEMBL5773
SODIUM STEARATE [MI]
SODIUM STEARATE [HSDB]
SODIUM STEARATE [INCI]
DTXCID807318
SODIUM STEARATE [VANDF]
CHEMBL1906423
SODIUM STEARATE [WHO-DD]
RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
AKOS028109686
HY-W099570
Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt (1:1)
NCGC00164255-01
AS-15926
CS-0152212
D05875
D92227
EN300-6763770
A806549
A840275
Q420066
Sodium octadecanoate
flexichemb
prodhygine
bonderlube235
Natriumstearat
Sodium Stearate
stearatedesodium
Sodium Octadecanoate
stearicacid,sodiumsalt,mixtureofstearicandpalmiticfattychain
Octadecanoic acid sodium salt
Stearic acid sodium salt
Sodium octadecanoate, octadecanoic acid
sodium salt, stearates
Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt
Stearic acid, sodium salt
Sodium stearate
Sodium octadecanoate
Sodium octadecanoate
Octadecanoic acid sodium salt
Stearic acid sodium salt
CH3(CH2)16COONa
Sodium monostearate
Sodium octadecanoate, octadecanoic acid
sodium salt, stearates
Octadecanoic acid,sodium salt (1:1)
Stearic acid,sodium salt
Octadecanoic acid,sodium salt
Flexichem B
Prodhygine
Sodium stearate
Sodium octadecanoate
Bonderlube 235
AFCO-Chem B 65
Nonsoul SN 1
SS 40N
C-Lube 10
Serfax MT 90
Edenor FHTI
SNA 2000
AFCO-Chem NA
SK 1
Nonsoul SN 15
Bonderlube 234
Rhenogran NAST 50ACMF-GE1858
SN 1
Daiwax NA
C 18-98/100MY,sodium salt
Ligastar NA-R/D
Nonsoul SN 1W1
SS 100
Octadecanoic acid Sodium salt
Stearic acid Sodium salt
Bonderlube 235
Flexichem B
Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt
Prodhygine
Sodium octadecanoate
Stearates
Stearic acid, sodium salt
bonderlube235
flexichemb
prodhygine
stearatedesodium
stearicacid,sodiumsalt,mixtureofstearicandpalmiticfattychain
Natriumstearat
Octadecanoic acid sodium salt
Stearic acid sodium salt
STEARIC ACID, SODIUM SALT, 96%, MIXTURE OF STEARIC AND PALMITIC FATTY CHAIN
Sodium octadecanoate
Octadecanoic acid sodium salt
Stearic acid sodium salt
CH3(CH2)16COONa
Sodium monostearate
Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt
Stearic acid, sodium salt
Sodium stearate
Sodium octadecanoate
Octadecanoic acid,sodium salt (1:1)
Stearic acid,sodium salt
Octadecanoic acid,sodium salt
Flexichem B
Prodhygine
Sodium stearate
Sodium octadecanoate
Bonderlube 235
AFCO-Chem B 65
Nonsoul SN 1
SS 40N
C-Lube 10
Serfax MT 90
Edenor FHTI
SNA 2000
AFCO-Chem NA
SK 1
Nonsoul SN 15
Bonderlube 234
Rhenogran NAST 50ACMF-GE1858
SN 1
Daiwax NA
C 18-98/100MY,sodium salt
Ligastar NA-R/D
Nonsoul SN 1W1
SS 100
flexichemb
prodhygine
bonderlube235
Natriumstearat
Sodium Stearate
stearatedesodium
Sodium Octadecanoate
stearicacid,sodiumsalt,mixtureofstearicandpalmiticfattychain
Octadecanoic acid sodium salt, Stearic acid sodium salt
bonderlube235
flexichemb
prodhygine
stearatedesodium
stearicacid,sodiumsalt,mixtureofstearicandpalmiticfattychain
Natriumstearat
Octadecanoic acid sodium salt, Stearic acid sodium salt
STEARIC ACID, SODIUM SALT, 96%, MIXTURE OF STEARIC AND PALMITIC FATTY CHAIN
Octadecanoic acid Sodium salt
Stearic acid Sodium salt
Bonderlube 235
Flexichem B
Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt
Prodhygine
Sodium octadecanoate
Stearates
Stearic acid, sodium salt
Natriumstearat
prodhygine
flexichemb
bonderlube235
SodiuM stearat
SODIUM STEARATE
stearatedesodium
SodiumStearate>Stearate (sodium)
SodiuM Stearate NF
Octadecanoicacid, sodium salt (9CI)
Stearic acid, sodium salt (8CI)
AFCO-Chem B 65
AFCO-Chem NA
Bonderlube 234
Bonderlube 235
Edenor FHTI
FlexichemB
Nonsoul SN 1
Nonsoul SN 15
Prodhygine
Rhenogran NAST 50ACMF-GE1858
SNA 2000
SS 40N
Serfax MT 90
Sodium octadecanoate
Octadecanoic acid,sodium salt (1:1)

L-Glutamic acid,N-(1-oxooctadecyl)-, sodium salt (1:?); Sodium 1-[(5-oxidanidyl-5-oxidanylidene-L-norvalyl)oxy]-1-oxooctadecane; Sodium stearoyl glutamate cas no: 79811-24-8

Sodium stearoyl lactylate (Sodium stearoyl lactylate) is an organic compound primarily used as a food additive and emulsifier in various food products.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is derived from the reaction of stearic acid (a saturated fatty acid), lactic acid, and sodium hydroxide.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is known for its ability to improve the texture, shelf-life, and overall quality of food items by acting as a stabilizer and emulsifier.

CAS Number: 25383-99-7
EC Number: 246-428-0

Synonyms: Sodium stearoyl lactylate, SSL, Sodium octadecanoyl lactylate, E481, Stearoyl lactylate sodium salt, Lactylated stearoyl lactate sodium salt, Lactylated stearate sodium, Lactylic stearate sodium, Lactylic stearate, Sodium lactyl stearate, Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate, Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate, sodium, Stearoyl-2-lactylic acid sodium salt, Stearoyl-2-lactylate, Stearoyl lactylic acid sodium salt, Stearoyl lactylate, sodium salt, Esterified lactylated fatty acids, Lactic acid stearoyl lactylate, Lactic acid, monostearoyl sodium salt, Lactylic acid stearoyl-2-sodium, Stearoyl-2-lactylate sodium salt, Lactylic acid, monostearoyl, sodium salt, Stearoyl lactate, sodium salt, Lactic acid, stearoyl-, monosodium salt, Monostearoyl lactylate sodium salt

APPLICATIONS

Sodium stearoyl lactylate is widely used in the baking industry to improve dough handling and quality, especially in bread and pastry production.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is employed as an emulsifier in cake mixes to enhance batter stability and volume during baking.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate contributes to the soft texture and extended freshness of baked goods like biscuits and muffins.
In dairy products, Sodium stearoyl lactylate acts as a stabilizer in whipped creams and helps prevent fat separation in processed cheese.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate is utilized in ice cream production to improve overrun and reduce ice crystal formation, ensuring a smooth and creamy texture.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate enhances the stability of salad dressings and mayonnaise by promoting the uniform dispersion of oil and water phases.

In sauces and gravies, Sodium stearoyl lactylate improves viscosity and prevents phase separation upon heating and cooling.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is added to margarine and spreads to improve spreadability and maintain product consistency over a wide range of temperatures.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is used in the production of processed meats to improve texture, binding, and moisture retention.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate helps stabilize nutritional beverages and meal replacement shakes by preventing protein and fat separation.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is employed in instant dry mixes for soups, sauces, and desserts to ensure smooth dispersion and quick hydration.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate contributes to the stability of powdered beverage mixes, such as hot cocoa and flavored coffee creamers.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate is added to nutritional bars to improve texture and prevent oil migration during storage.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate plays a role in the production of pet foods to enhance palatability and ensure uniform distribution of nutrients.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate is used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics as a surfactant and emulsifier in topical creams and ointments.
In personal care products, Sodium stearoyl lactylate improves the consistency and stability of lotions, shampoos, and conditioners.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate is employed in industrial applications, such as in the formulation of lubricants and metalworking fluids.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate contributes to the stability of agricultural formulations and crop protection products.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate is used in textile and leather processing to aid in the dispersion of dyes and pigments.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is added to paper coatings and adhesives to improve film formation and printability.

In plastics and polymers, Sodium stearoyl lactylate acts as a dispersing agent to ensure uniformity and enhance processing efficiency.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is utilized in the production of paints and coatings to improve pigment dispersion and film integrity.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate is added to printing inks to enhance print quality and prevent ink bleeding on various substrates.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is used in the formulation of household cleaning products to improve the stability and efficacy of detergents and disinfectants.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate (Sodium stearoyl lactylate) finds diverse applications across food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, industrial, and agricultural sectors, playing a crucial role in enhancing product quality, stability, and performance.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate is used in the production of whipped toppings and dessert creams to stabilize air incorporation and improve texture.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate enhances the spreadability and texture of peanut butter and other nut butter products.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is added to breakfast cereals to improve crispiness and maintain flavor uniformity.

In confectionery, Sodium stearoyl lactylate helps in the production of chocolate coatings and fillings by improving viscosity and texture.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is utilized in the formulation of nutritional supplements and fortified foods to ensure uniform distribution of vitamins and minerals.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate plays a role in the manufacturing of encapsulated flavorings and aromas to enhance their stability and release profile.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is added to protein bars and energy bars to bind ingredients together and improve chewiness.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is used in the production of meat alternatives and vegetarian products to enhance texture and mouthfeel.

In the beverage industry, Sodium stearoyl lactylate stabilizes emulsions in flavored milk drinks and coffee whiteners.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is employed in the production of margarine-based spreads to improve mouthfeel and flavor release.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is added to instant mashed potatoes and other dehydrated potato products to improve rehydration and texture.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate enhances the stability and appearance of whipped toppings on bakery products like cakes and pastries.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is used in frozen desserts like ice cream cakes and novelties to improve structure and resistance to melting.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate contributes to the stability of flavored syrups and toppings used in beverages and desserts.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate is added to bakery fillings and pie fillings to improve texture and prevent separation during storage and baking.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is used in gluten-free baking to improve the texture and rise of breads and cakes made with alternative flours.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate is employed in the production of instant noodles and pasta to improve texture and reduce cooking time.
In snack foods like crackers and pretzels, Sodium stearoyl lactylate improves dough handling and helps achieve a crisp texture.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is used in ready-to-eat meals and convenience foods to improve consistency and stability during processing and storage.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate enhances the stability and shelf life of emulsified sauces and dressings used in foodservice and retail applications.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is utilized in the formulation of infant formulas and baby foods to ensure uniform nutrient distribution and texture.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate is added to whipped butter and spreads to enhance consistency and spreadability at refrigerated temperatures.
In dietary supplements, Sodium stearoyl lactylate helps maintain the integrity and stability of encapsulated active ingredients.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate is used in the production of bakery mixes and dough conditioners to improve dough handling properties and final product quality.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate (Sodium stearoyl lactylate) is a versatile ingredient that enhances the texture, stability, and sensory attributes of a wide range of food and non-food products, making it essential in various industries.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is an essential ingredient in instant dry mixes, allowing for easy dispersion and quick hydration.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate is used in the production of margarine and shortenings to improve their spreadability and plasticity.
In confectionery, Sodium stearoyl lactylate ensures smooth and creamy textures in products like chocolates and candies.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate aids in the dispersion of colorants and flavors in food applications, ensuring even distribution.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is effective at controlling crystallization in frostings, icings, and glazes, improving their appearance and mouthfeel.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate contributes to the stability and shelf life of ready-to-eat cereals and nutritional bars.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is valued for its contribution to reducing production costs while maintaining food quality and consumer satisfaction.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate complies with kosher and halal dietary regulations, making it suitable for a wide range of food products.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate (Sodium stearoyl lactylate) is a multifunctional ingredient that enhances the quality, texture, and shelf stability of numerous food items, ensuring consistent performance across various food processing applications.

DESCRIPTION

Sodium stearoyl lactylate (Sodium stearoyl lactylate) is an organic compound primarily used as a food additive and emulsifier in various food products.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is derived from the reaction of stearic acid (a saturated fatty acid), lactic acid, and sodium hydroxide.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate is known for its ability to improve the texture, shelf-life, and overall quality of food items by acting as a stabilizer and emulsifier.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is commonly found in baked goods, dairy products, processed meats, and various packaged foods.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate helps to enhance dough properties, reduce fat content, and improve moisture retention in foods, contributing to better texture and prolonged freshness.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate (Sodium stearoyl lactylate) is a versatile food additive used primarily as an emulsifier and stabilizer.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is derived from the esterification of stearic acid with lactic acid and subsequent neutralization with sodium hydroxide.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate appears as a white to pale yellow powder or solid and is soluble in water.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is known for its ability to improve dough properties in baking by enhancing dough elasticity and reducing mixing time.
In baked goods, Sodium stearoyl lactylate helps to achieve a soft and uniform texture while extending shelf life.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate is commonly used in bread, rolls, cakes, and pastries to improve crumb structure and moisture retention.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate acts as an effective emulsifier, enabling the uniform distribution of fats and oils in food products.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate enhances the stability of salad dressings, sauces, and spreads by preventing separation of oil and water phases.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate contributes to the creamy texture and smooth consistency of dairy products like ice cream and whipped toppings.

In processed meats, Sodium stearoyl lactylate improves texture, binding, and moisture retention, enhancing product quality.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is valued in the food industry for its ability to reduce fat content in formulations while maintaining sensory characteristics.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate is considered safe for consumption and is widely used as a food additive approved by regulatory authorities.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate plays a crucial role in reducing the need for artificial additives by improving product stability naturally.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is compatible with various food ingredients and does not affect the flavor or aroma of food products significantly.

Sodium stearoyl lactylate helps to create a more uniform and stable foam in aerated food products like mousse and whipped toppings.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is preferred in gluten-free baking to enhance the texture and structure of baked goods made from alternative flours.

PROPERTIES

Physical Properties:

Appearance: White to pale yellow powder or solid.
Odor: Odorless.
Solubility: Soluble in water.
Melting Point: Typically ranges from 45°C to 55°C.
Density: Not readily available, but typically denser than water.
pH: Typically neutral (around pH 7).

Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C21H39NaO5 (Sodium stearoyl lactylate).
Molecular Weight: Approximately 408.53 g/mol.
Structure: Derived from the esterification of stearic acid with lactic acid, followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide.
Ionic Nature: Sodium stearoyl lactylate is anionic in nature due to the presence of the carboxylate group from stearic acid and lactate.
Hydrophilicity: Sodium stearoyl lactylate exhibits amphiphilic properties, with hydrophilic lactylate groups and hydrophobic stearoyl chains.

FIRST AID

Inhalation:

If accidentally inhaled and respiratory irritation occurs, move the person to fresh air.
Allow them to rest in a well-ventilated area.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.

Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash affected skin with plenty of soap and water.
If irritation develops or persists, seek medical advice.

Eye Contact:

Immediately rinse eyes with plenty of water, holding eyelids open to ensure thorough flushing.
Remove contact lenses, if applicable, and continue rinsing for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation or redness persists.

Ingestion:

If Sodium stearoyl lactylate is accidentally ingested and the person is conscious, rinse their mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical professionals.
Seek immediate medical advice or contact a poison control center.

Personal Protection:

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles when handling Sodium stearoyl lactylate in bulk or concentrated forms.
Avoid prolonged or repeated exposure to minimize potential irritation.

Medical Attention:

If any symptoms persist or worsen after exposure, seek medical advice promptly.
Provide healthcare providers with information about the chemical involved and the circumstances of exposure.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and safety goggles when handling Sodium stearoyl lactylate to prevent skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection if handling in powdered form or under conditions where dust may be generated.

Ventilation:
Use local exhaust ventilation or ensure adequate general ventilation to control airborne concentrations of Sodium stearoyl lactylate.
Avoid inhalation of dust or mist by handling in a well-ventilated area.

Handling Practices:
Use appropriate engineering controls (e.g., closed systems, mechanical handling) to minimize exposure during handling and transfer operations.
Avoid generating dust and aerosols.
Handle Sodium stearoyl lactylate gently to prevent spills and minimize airborne particles.

Avoidance of Contact:
Prevent skin contact and minimize eye exposure.
In case of contact, follow first aid measures and wash thoroughly with water.

Compatibility:
Avoid contact with strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and incompatible materials to prevent hazardous reactions or degradation of Sodium stearoyl lactylate.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands and exposed skin thoroughly after handling Sodium stearoyl lactylate, especially before eating, drinking, or smoking.

Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store Sodium stearoyl lactylate in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.

Temperature:
Store Sodium stearoyl lactylate at room temperature.
Avoid exposure to extreme heat or direct sunlight, which may cause degradation.

Packaging Materials:
Use appropriate containers made of compatible materials (e.g., high-density polyethylene, stainless steel) to store Sodium stearoyl lactylate safely.

Separation:
Store Sodium stearoyl lactylate away from food and feedstuffs to prevent accidental contamination.
Ensure segregation from incompatible chemicals to avoid cross-contamination and potential hazards.

Handling of Bulk Quantities:
For bulk quantities, use suitable handling equipment and follow safe loading and unloading procedures to prevent spills and exposure.

Labeling and Documentation:
Ensure containers are properly labeled with the product name, hazard symbols, handling precautions, and emergency contact information.
Maintain up-to-date safety data sheets (SDS) and provide access to relevant information for personnel handling Sodium stearoyl lactylate.

SODIUM STEARYL SULFATE N° CAS : 1120-04-3 Nom INCI : SODIUM STEARYL SULFATE Nom chimique : Sodium octadecyl sulphate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 214-295-0 Classification : Sulfate Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

SODIUM SUCCINATE N° CAS : 2922-54-5 Nom INCI : SODIUM SUCCINATE Nom chimique : Butanedioic acid, monosodium salt N° EINECS/ELINCS : 220-871-2 Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques

SYNONYMS Sodium monosulfide; Hesthsulphid; Sodium sulfuret; Disodium monosulfide; Disodium sulfide; Sodium Sulphide; CAS NO. 1313-82-2

SODIUM SULFATE Sodium sulfate Jump to navigationJump to search Sodium sulfate Sodium sulfate.svg Sodium sulfate.jpg Names Other names Sodium sulphate Sulfate of sodium Thenardite (mineral) Glauber's salt (decahydrate) Sal mirabilis (decahydrate) Mirabilite (decahydrate mineral) Disodium sulfate Identifiers CAS Number 7757-82-6 check 7727-73-3 (decahydrate) ☒ 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:32149 check ChEMBL ChEMBL233406 check ChemSpider 22844 check ECHA InfoCard 100.028.928 Edit this at Wikidata E number E514(i) (acidity regulators, ...) PubChem CID 24436 RTECS number WE1650000 UNII 36KCS0R750 check CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID1021291 Edit this at Wikidata InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula Na2SO4 Molar mass 142.04 g/mol (anhydrous) 322.20 g/mol (decahydrate) Appearance white crystalline solid hygroscopic Odor odorless Density 2.664 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 1.464 g/cm3 (decahydrate) Melting point 884 °C (1,623 °F; 1,157 K) (anhydrous) 32.38 °C (decahydrate) Boiling point 1,429 °C (2,604 °F; 1,702 K) (anhydrous) Solubility in water anhydrous: 4.76 g/100 mL (0 °C) 28.1 g/100 mL (25 °C)[1] 42.7 g/100 mL (100 °C) heptahydrate: 19.5 g/100 mL (0 °C) 44 g/100 mL (20 °C) Solubility insoluble in ethanol soluble in glycerol, water and hydrogen iodide Magnetic susceptibility (χ) −52.0·10−6 cm3/mol Refractive index (nD) 1.468 (anhydrous) 1.394 (decahydrate) Structure Crystal structure orthorhombic (anhydrous)[2] monoclinic (decahydrate) Pharmacology ATC code A06AD13 (WHO) A12CA02 (WHO) Hazards Main hazards Irritant Safety data sheet See: data page ICSC 0952 NFPA 704 (fire diamond) NFPA 704 four-colored diamond 010 Flash point Non-flammable Related compounds Other anions Sodium selenate Sodium tellurate Other cations Lithium sulfate Potassium sulfate Rubidium sulfate Caesium sulfate Related compounds Sodium bisulfate Sodium sulfite Sodium persulfate Supplementary data page Structure and properties Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc. Thermodynamic data Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). check verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Sodium sulfate (also known as sodium sulphate or sulfate of soda) is the inorganic compound with formula Na2SO4 as well as several related hydrates. All forms are white solids that are highly soluble in water. With an annual production of 6 million tonnes, the decahydrate is a major commodity chemical product. It is mainly used for the manufacture of detergents and in the kraft process of paper pulping.[3] Contents 1 Forms 2 History 3 Chemical properties 4 Physical properties 5 Structure 6 Production 6.1 Natural sources 6.2 Chemical industry 7 Applications 7.1 Commodity industries 7.2 Food industry 7.3 Thermal storage 7.4 Small-scale applications 8 Safety 9 References 10 External links Forms Anhydrous sodium sulfate, known as the rare mineral thenardite, used as a drying agent in organic synthesis. Heptahydrate sodium sulfate, a very rare form. Decahydrate sodium sulfate, known as the mineral mirabilite, widely used by chemical industry. It is also known as Glauber's salt. History The decahydrate of sodium sulfate is known as Glauber's salt after the Dutch/German chemist and apothecary Johann Rudolf Glauber (1604–1670), who discovered it in 1625 in Austrian spring water. He named it sal mirabilis (miraculous salt), because of its medicinal properties: the crystals were used as a general purpose laxative, until more sophisticated alternatives came about in the 1900s.[4][5] In the 18th century, Glauber's salt began to be used as a raw material for the industrial production of soda ash (sodium carbonate), by reaction with potash (potassium carbonate). Demand for soda ash increased and the supply of sodium sulfate had to increase in line. Therefore, in the nineteenth century, the large scale Leblanc process, producing synthetic sodium sulfate as a key intermediate, became the principal method of soda ash production.[6] Chemical properties Sodium sulfate is a typical electrostatically bonded ionic sulfate. The existence of free sulfate ions in solution is indicated by the easy formation of insoluble sulfates when these solutions are treated with Ba2+ or Pb2+ salts: Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → 2 NaCl + BaSO4 Sodium sulfate is unreactive toward most oxidizing or reducing agents. At high temperatures, it can be converted to sodium sulfide by carbothermal reduction (high temperature heating with charcoal, etc.):[7] Na2SO4 + 2 C → Na2S + 2 CO2 This reaction was employed in the Leblanc process, a defunct industrial route to sodium carbonate. Sodium sulfate reacts with sulfuric acid to give the acid salt sodium bisulfate:[8][9] Na2SO4 + H2SO4 ⇌ 2 NaHSO4 Sodium sulfate displays a moderate tendency to form double salts. The only alums formed with common trivalent metals are NaAl(SO4)2 (unstable above 39 °C) and NaCr(SO4)2, in contrast to potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate which form many stable alums.[10] Double salts with some other alkali metal sulfates are known, including Na2SO4·3K2SO4 which occurs naturally as the mineral aphthitalite. Formation of glaserite by reaction of sodium sulfate with potassium chloride has been used as the basis of a method for producing potassium sulfate, a fertiliser.[11] Other double salts include 3Na2SO4·CaSO4, 3Na2SO4·MgSO4 (vanthoffite) and NaF·Na2SO4.[12] Physical properties Sodium sulfate has unusual solubility characteristics in water.[13] Its solubility in water rises more than tenfold between 0 °C to 32.384 °C, where it reaches a maximum of 49.7 g/100 mL. At this point the solubility curve changes slope, and the solubility becomes almost independent of temperature. This temperature of 32.384 °C, corresponding to the release of crystal water and melting of the hydrated salt, serves as an accurate temperature reference for thermometer calibration. Graph showing solubility of Na2SO4 vs. temperature. Structure Crystals of the decahydrate consist of [Na(OH2)6]+ ions with octahedral molecular geometry. These octahedra share edges such that eight of the 10 water molecules are bound to sodium and two others are interstitial, being hydrogen bonded to sulfate. These cations are linked to the sulfate anions via hydrogen bonds. The Na-O distances are about 240 pm.[14] Crystalline sodium sulfate decahydrate is also unusual among hydrated salts in having a measurable residual entropy (entropy at absolute zero) of 6.32 J·K−1·mol−1. This is ascribed to its ability to distribute water much more rapidly compared to most hydrates.[15] Production The world production of sodium sulfate, almost exclusively in the form of the decahydrate amounts to approximately 5.5 to 6 million tonnes annually (Mt/a). In 1985, production was 4.5 Mt/a, half from natural sources, and half from chemical production. After 2000, at a stable level until 2006, natural production had increased to 4 Mt/a, and chemical production decreased to 1.5 to 2 Mt/a, with a total of 5.5 to 6 Mt/a.[16][17][18][19] For all applications, naturally produced and chemically produced sodium sulfate are practically interchangeable. Natural sources Two thirds of the world's production of the decahydrate (Glauber's salt) is from the natural mineral form mirabilite, for example as found in lake beds in southern Saskatchewan. In 1990, Mexico and Spain were the world's main producers of natural sodium sulfate (each around 500,000 tonnes), with Russia, United States and Canada around 350,000 tonnes each.[17] Natural resources are estimated at over 1 billion tonnes.[16][17] Major producers of 200,000 to 1,500,000 tonnes/year in 2006 included Searles Valley Minerals (California, US), Airborne Industrial Minerals (Saskatchewan, Canada), Química del Rey (Coahuila, Mexico), Minera de Santa Marta and Criaderos Minerales Y Derivados, also known as Grupo Crimidesa (Burgos, Spain), Minera de Santa Marta (Toledo, Spain), Sulquisa (Madrid, Spain), Chengdu Sanlian Tianquan Chemical (Tianquan County, Sichuan, China), Hongze Yinzhu Chemical Group (Hongze District, Jiangsu, China), Nafine Chemical Industry Group [zh] (Shanxi, China), Sichuan Province Chuanmei Mirabilite (万胜镇 [zh], Dongpo District, Meishan, Sichuan, China), and Kuchuksulphat JSC (Altai Krai, Siberia, Russia).[16][18] Anhydrous sodium sulfate occurs in arid environments as the mineral thenardite. It slowly turns to mirabilite in damp air. Sodium sulfate is also found as glauberite, a calcium sodium sulfate mineral. Both minerals are less common than mirabilite.[citation needed] Chemical industry About one third of the world's sodium sulfate is produced as by-product of other processes in chemical industry. Most of this production is chemically inherent to the primary process, and only marginally economical. By effort of the industry, therefore, sodium sulfate production as by-product is declining. The most important chemical sodium sulfate production is during hydrochloric acid production, either from sodium chloride (salt) and sulfuric acid, in the Mannheim process, or from sulfur dioxide in the Hargreaves process.[20] The resulting sodium sulfate from these processes is known as salt cake. Mannheim: 2 NaCl + H2SO4 → 2 HCl + Na2SO4 Hargreaves: 4 NaCl + 2 SO2 + O2 + 2 H2O → 4 HCl + 2 Na2SO4 The second major production of sodium sulfate are the processes where surplus sodium hydroxide is neutralised by sulfuric acid, as applied on a large scale in the production of rayon. This method is also a regularly applied and convenient laboratory preparation. 2 NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2 H2O(l) ΔH = -112.5 kJ (highly exothermic) In the laboratory it can also be synthesized from the reaction between sodium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate. 2NaHCO3 + MgSO4 → Na2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 + 2CO2 However, as commercial sources are readily available, laboratory synthesis is not practised often. Formerly, sodium sulfate was also a by-product of the manufacture of sodium dichromate, where sulfuric acid is added to sodium chromate solution forming sodium dichromate, or subsequently chromic acid. Alternatively, sodium sulfate is or was formed in the production of lithium carbonate, chelating agents, resorcinol, ascorbic acid, silica pigments, nitric acid, and phenol.[16] Bulk sodium sulfate is usually purified via the decahydrate form, since the anhydrous form tends to attract iron compounds and organic compounds. The anhydrous form is easily produced from the hydrated form by gentle warming. Major sodium sulfate by-product producers of 50–80 Mt/a in 2006 include Elementis Chromium (chromium industry, Castle Hayne, NC, US), Lenzing AG (200 Mt/a, rayon industry, Lenzing, Austria), Addiseo (formerly Rhodia, methionine industry, Les Roches-Roussillon, France), Elementis (chromium industry, Stockton-on-Tees, UK), Shikoku Chemicals (Tokushima, Japan) and Visko-R (rayon industry, Russia).[16] Applications File:Sulfate clump.ogv Sodium sulfate used to dry an organic liquid. Here clumps form, indicating the presence of water in the organic liquid. File:Sulfate noclump.ogv By further application of sodium sulfate the liquid may be brought to dryness, indicated here by the absence of clumping. Commodity industries With US pricing at $30 per tonne in 1970, up to $90 per tonne for salt cake quality, and $130 for better grades, sodium sulphate is a very cheap material. The largest use is as filler in powdered home laundry detergents, consuming approx. 50% of world production. This use is waning as domestic consumers are increasingly switching to compact or liquid detergents that do not include sodium sulfate.[16] Another formerly major use for sodium sulfate, notably in the US and Canada, is in the Kraft process for the manufacture of wood pulp. Organics present in the "black liquor" from this process are burnt to produce heat, needed to drive the reduction of sodium sulfate to sodium sulfide. However, due to advances in the thermal efficiency of the Kraft recovery process in the early 1960s, more efficient sulfur recovery was achieved and the need for sodium sulfate makeup was drastically reduced[21] . Hence, the use of sodium sulfate in the US and Canadian pulp industry declined from 1,400,000 tonnes per year in 1970 to only approx. 150,000 tonnes in 2006.[16] The glass industry provides another significant application for sodium sulfate, as second largest application in Europe. Sodium sulfate is used as a fining agent, to help remove small air bubbles from molten glass. It fluxes the glass, and prevents scum formation of the glass melt during refining. The glass industry in Europe has been consuming from 1970 to 2006 a stable 110,000 tonnes annually.[16] Sodium sulfate is important in the manufacture of textiles, particularly in Japan, where it is the largest application. Sodium sulfate helps in "levelling", reducing negative charges on fibres so that dyes can penetrate evenly. Unlike the alternative sodium chloride, it does not corrode the stainless steel vessels used in dyeing. This application in Japan and US consumed in 2006 approximately 100,000 tonnes.[16] Food industry Sodium sulfate is used as a diluent for food colours.[22] It is known as E number additive E514. Thermal storage The high heat storage capacity in the phase change from solid to liquid, and the advantageous phase change temperature of 32 °C (90 °F) makes this material especially appropriate for storing low grade solar heat for later release in space heating applications. In some applications the material is incorporated into thermal tiles that are placed in an attic space while in other applications the salt is incorporated into cells surrounded by solar–heated water. The phase change allows a substantial reduction in the mass of the material required for effective heat storage (the heat of fusion of sodium sulfate decahydrate is 82 kJ/mol or 252 kJ/kg[23]), with the further advantage of a consistency of temperature as long as sufficient material in the appropriate phase is available. For cooling applications, a mixture with common sodium chloride salt (NaCl) lowers the melting point to 18 °C (64 °F). The heat of fusion of NaCl·Na2SO4·10H2O, is actually increased slightly to 286 kJ/kg.[24] Small-scale applications In the laboratory, anhydrous sodium sulfate is widely used as an inert drying agent, for removing traces of water from organic solutions.[25] It is more efficient, but slower-acting, than the similar agent magnesium sulfate. It is only effective below about 30 °C, but it can be used with a variety of materials since it is chemically fairly inert. Sodium sulfate is added to the solution until the crystals no longer clump together; the two video clips (see above) demonstrate how the crystals clump when still wet, but some crystals flow freely once a sample is dry. Glauber's salt, the decahydrate, is used as a laxative. It is effective for the removal of certain drugs such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) from the body, for example, after an overdose.[26][27] In 1953, sodium sulfate was proposed for heat storage in passive solar heating systems. This takes advantage of its unusual solubility properties, and the high heat of crystallisation (78.2 kJ/mol).[28] Other uses for sodium sulfate include de-frosting windows, starch manufacture, as an additive in carpet fresheners, and as an additive to cattle feed. At least one company, Thermaltake, makes a laptop computer chill mat (iXoft Notebook Cooler) using sodium sulfate decahydrate inside a quilted plastic pad. The material slowly turns to liquid and recirculates, equalizing laptop temperature and acting as an insulation.[29] Safety Although sodium sulfate is generally regarded as non-toxic,[22] it should be handled with care. The dust can cause temporary asthma or eye irritation; this risk can be prevented by using eye protection and a paper mask. Transport is not limited, and no Risk Phrase or Safety Phrase applies.[30] Sodium sulfate (also known as sodium sulphate or sulfate of soda) is the inorganic compound with formula Na2SO4 as well as several related hydrates. All forms are white solids that are highly soluble in water. With an annual production of 6 million tonnes, the decahydrate is a major commodity chemical product. It is mainly used for the manufacture of detergents and in the kraft process of paper pulping.[3] Contents 1 Forms 2 History 3 Chemical properties 4 Physical properties 5 Structure 6 Production 6.1 Natural sources 6.2 Chemical industry 7 Applications 7.1 Commodity industries 7.2 Food industry 7.3 Thermal storage 7.4 Small-scale applications 8 Safety 9 References 10 External links Forms Anhydrous sodium sulfate, known as the rare mineral thenardite, used as a drying agent in organic synthesis. Heptahydrate sodium sulfate, a very rare form. Decahydrate sodium sulfate, known as the mineral mirabilite, widely used by chemical industry. It is also known as Glauber's salt. History The decahydrate of sodium sulfate is known as Glauber's salt after the Dutch/German chemist and apothecary Johann Rudolf Glauber (1604–1670), who discovered it in 1625 in Austrian spring water. He named it sal mirabilis (miraculous salt), because of its medicinal properties: the crystals were used as a general purpose laxative, until more sophisticated alternatives came about in the 1900s.[4][5] In the 18th century, Glauber's salt began to be used as a raw material for the industrial production of soda ash (sodium carbonate), by reaction with potash (potassium carbonate). Demand for soda ash increased and the supply of sodium sulfate had to increase in line. Therefore, in the nineteenth century, the large scale Leblanc process, producing synthetic sodium sulfate as a key intermediate, became the principal method of soda ash production.[6] Chemical properties Sodium sulfate is a typical electrostatically bonded ionic sulfate. The existence of free sulfate ions in solution is indicated by the easy formation of insoluble sulfates when these solutions are treated with Ba2+ or Pb2+ salts: Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → 2 NaCl + BaSO4 Sodium sulfate is unreactive toward most oxidizing or reducing agents. At high temperatures, it can be converted to sodium sulfide by carbothermal reduction (high temperature heating with charcoal, etc.):[7] Na2SO4 + 2 C → Na2S + 2 CO2 This reaction was employed in the Leblanc process, a defunct industrial route to sodium carbonate. Sodium sulfate reacts with sulfuric acid to give the acid salt sodium bisulfate:[8][9] Na2SO4 + H2SO4 ⇌ 2 NaHSO4 Sodium sulfate displays a moderate tendency to form double salts. The only alums formed with common trivalent metals are NaAl(SO4)2 (unstable above 39 °C) and NaCr(SO4)2, in contrast to potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate which form many stable alums.[10] Double salts with some other alkali metal sulfates are known, including Na2SO4·3K2SO4 which occurs naturally as the mineral aphthitalite. Formation of glaserite by reaction of sodium sulfate with potassium chloride has been used as the basis of a method for producing potassium sulfate, a fertiliser.[11] Other double salts include 3Na2SO4·CaSO4, 3Na2SO4·MgSO4 (vanthoffite) and NaF·Na2SO4.[12] Physical properties Sodium sulfate has unusual solubility characteristics in water.[13] Its solubility in water rises more than tenfold between 0 °C to 32.384 °C, where it reaches a maximum of 49.7 g/100 mL. At this point the solubility curve changes slope, and the solubility becomes almost independent of temperature. This temperature of 32.384 °C, corresponding to the release of crystal water and melting of the hydrated salt, serves as an accurate temperature reference for thermometer calibration. Graph showing solubility of Na2SO4 vs. temperature. Structure Crystals of the decahydrate consist of [Na(OH2)6]+ ions with octahedral molecular geometry. These octahedra share edges such that eight of the 10 water molecules are bound to sodium and two others are interstitial, being hydrogen bonded to sulfate. These cations are linked to the sulfate anions via hydrogen bonds. The Na-O distances are about 240 pm.[14] Crystalline sodium sulfate decahydrate is also unusual among hydrated salts in having a measurable residual entropy (entropy at absolute zero) of 6.32 J·K−1·mol−1. This is ascribed to its ability to distribute water much more rapidly compared to most hydrates.[15] Production The world production of sodium sulfate, almost exclusively in the form of the decahydrate amounts to approximately 5.5 to 6 million tonnes annually (Mt/a). In 1985, production was 4.5 Mt/a, half from natural sources, and half from chemical production. After 2000, at a stable level until 2006, natural production had increased to 4 Mt/a, and chemical production decreased to 1.5 to 2 Mt/a, with a total of 5.5 to 6 Mt/a.[16][17][18][19] For all applications, naturally produced and chemically produced sodium sulfate are practically interchangeable. Natural sources Two thirds of the world's production of the decahydrate (Glauber's salt) is from the natural mineral form mirabilite, for example as found in lake beds in southern Saskatchewan. In 1990, Mexico and Spain were the world's main producers of natural sodium sulfate (each around 500,000 tonnes), with Russia, United States and Canada around 350,000 tonnes each.[17] Natural resources are estimated at over 1 billion tonnes.[16][17] Major producers of 200,000 to 1,500,000 tonnes/year in 2006 included Searles Valley Minerals (California, US), Airborne Industrial Minerals (Saskatchewan, Canada), Química del Rey (Coahuila, Mexico), Minera de Santa Marta and Criaderos Minerales Y Derivados, also known as Grupo Crimidesa (Burgos, Spain), Minera de Santa Marta (Toledo, Spain), Sulquisa (Madrid, Spain), Chengdu Sanlian Tianquan Chemical (Tianquan County, Sichuan, China), Hongze Yinzhu Chemical Group (Hongze District, Jiangsu, China), Nafine Chemical Industry Group [zh] (Shanxi, China), Sichuan Province Chuanmei Mirabilite (万胜镇 [zh], Dongpo District, Meishan, Sichuan, China), and Kuchuksulphat JSC (Altai Krai, Siberia, Russia).[16][18] Anhydrous sodium sulfate occurs in arid environments as the mineral thenardite. It slowly turns to mirabilite in damp air. Sodium sulfate is also found as glauberite, a calcium sodium sulfate mineral. Both minerals are less common than mirabilite.[citation needed] Chemical industry About one third of the world's sodium sulfate is produced as by-product of other processes in chemical industry. Most of this production is chemically inherent to the primary process, and only marginally economical. By effort of the industry, therefore, sodium sulfate production as by-product is declining. The most important chemical sodium sulfate production is during hydrochloric acid production, either from sodium chloride (salt) and sulfuric acid, in the Mannheim process, or from sulfur dioxide in the Hargreaves process.[20] The resulting sodium sulfate from these processes is known as salt cake. Mannheim: 2 NaCl + H2SO4 → 2 HCl + Na2SO4 Hargreaves: 4 NaCl + 2 SO2 + O2 + 2 H2O → 4 HCl + 2 Na2SO4 The second major production of sodium sulfate are the processes where surplus sodium hydroxide is neutralised by sulfuric acid, as applied on a large scale in the production of rayon. This method is also a regularly applied and convenient laboratory preparation. 2 NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2 H2O(l) ΔH = -112.5 kJ (highly exothermic) In the laboratory it can also be synthesized from the reaction between sodium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate. 2NaHCO3 + MgSO4 → Na2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 + 2CO2 However, as commercial sources are readily available, laboratory synthesis is not practised often. Formerly, sodium sulfate was also a by-product of the manufacture of sodium dichromate, where sulfuric acid is added to sodium chromate solution forming sodium dichromate, or subsequently chromic acid. Alternatively, sodium sulfate is or was formed in the production of lithium carbonate, chelating agents, resorcinol, ascorbic acid, silica pigments, nitric acid, and phenol.[16] Bulk sodium sulfate is usually purified via the decahydrate form, since the anhydrous form tends to attract iron compounds and organic compounds. The anhydrous form is easily produced from the hydrated form by gentle warming. Major sodium sulfate by-product producers of 50–80 Mt/a in 2006 include Elementis Chromium (chromium industry, Castle Hayne, NC, US), Lenzing AG (200 Mt/a, rayon industry, Lenzing, Austria), Addiseo (formerly Rhodia, methionine industry, Les Roches-Roussillon, France), Elementis (chromium industry, Stockton-on-Tees, UK), Shikoku Chemicals (Tokushima, Japan) and Visko-R (rayon industry, Russia).[16] Applications File:Sulfate clump.ogv Sodium sulfate used to dry an organic liquid. Here clumps form, indicating the presence of water in the organic liquid. File:Sulfate noclump.ogv By further application of sodium sulfate the liquid may be brought to dryness, indicated here by the absence of clumping. Commodity industries With US pricing at $30 per tonne in 1970, up to $90 per tonne for salt cake quality, and $130 for better grades, sodium sulphate is a very cheap material. The largest use is as filler in powdered home laundry detergents, consuming approx. 50% of world production. This use is waning as domestic consumers are increasingly switching to compact or liquid detergents that do not include sodium sulfate.[16] Another formerly major use for sodium sulfate, notably in the US and Canada, is in the Kraft process for the manufacture of wood pulp. Organics present in the "black liquor" from this process are burnt to produce heat, needed to drive the reduction of sodium sulfate to sodium sulfide. However, due to advances in the thermal efficiency of the Kraft recovery process in the early 1960s, more efficient sulfur recovery was achieved and the need for sodium sulfate makeup was drastically reduced[21] . Hence, the use of sodium sulfate in the US and Canadian pulp industry declined from 1,400,000 tonnes per year in 1970 to only approx. 150,000 tonnes in 2006.[16] The glass industry provides another significant application for sodium sulfate, as second largest application in Europe. Sodium sulfate is used as a fining agent, to help remove small air bubbles from molten glass. It fluxes the glass, and prevents scum formation of the glass melt during refining. The glass industry in Europe has been consuming from 1970 to 2006 a stable 110,000 tonnes annually.[16] Sodium sulfate is important in the manufacture of textiles, particularly in Japan, where it is the largest application. Sodium sulfate helps in "levelling", reducing negative charges on fibres so that dyes can penetrate evenly. Unlike the alternative sodium chloride, it does not corrode the stainless steel vessels used in dyeing. This application in Japan and US consumed in 2006 approximately 100,000 tonnes.[16] Food industry Sodium sulfate is used as a diluent for food colours.[22] It is known as E number additive E514. Thermal storage The high heat storage capacity in the phase change from solid to liquid, and the advantageous phase change temperature of 32 °C (90 °F) makes this material especially appropriate for storing low grade solar heat for later release in space heating applications. In some applications the material is incorporated into thermal tiles that are placed in an attic space while in other applications the salt is incorporated into cells surrounded by solar–heated water. The phase change allows a substantial reduction in the mass of the material required for effective heat storage (the heat of fusion of sodium sulfate decahydrate is 82 kJ/mol or 252 kJ/kg[23]), with the further advantage of a consistency of temperature as long as sufficient material in the appropriate phase is available. For cooling applications, a mixture with common sodium chloride salt (NaCl) lowers the melting point to 18 °C (64 °F). The heat of fusion of NaCl·Na2SO4·10H2O, is actually increased slightly to 286 kJ/kg.[24] Small-scale applications In the laboratory, anhydrous sodium sulfate is widely used as an inert drying agent, for removing traces of water from organic solutions.[25] It is more efficient, but slower-acting, than the similar agent magnesium sulfate. It is only effective below about 30 °C, but it can be used with a variety of materials since it is chemically fairly inert. Sodium sulfate is added to the solution until the crystals no longer clump together; the two video clips (see above) demonstrate how the crystals clump when still wet, but some crystals flow freely once a sample is dry. Glauber's salt, the decahydrate, is used as a laxative. It is effective for the removal of certain drugs such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) from the body, for example, after an overdose.[26][27] In 1953, sodium sulfate was proposed for heat storage in passive solar heating systems. This takes advantage of its unusual solubility properties, and the high heat of crystallisation (78.2 kJ/mol).[28] Other uses for sodium sulfate include de-frosting windows, starch manufacture, as an additive in carpet fresheners, and as an additive to cattle feed. At least one company, Thermaltake, makes a laptop computer chill mat (iXoft Notebook Cooler) using sodium sulfate decahydrate inside a quilted plastic pad. The material slowly turns to liquid and recirculates, equalizing laptop temperature and acting as an insulation.[29] Safety Although sodium sulfate is generally regarded as non-toxic,[22] it should be handled with care. The dust can cause temporary asthma or eye irritation; this risk can be prevented by using eye protection and a paper mask. Transport is not limited, and no Risk Phrase or Safety Phrase applies.[30]

SODIUM SULFIDE N° CAS : 1313-82-2 Nom INCI : SODIUM SULFIDE Nom chimique : Disodium sulphide N° EINECS/ELINCS : 215-211-5 Classification : Règlementé Restriction en Europe : III/23 Ses fonctions (INCI) Dépilatoire : Enlève les poils indésirables

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