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POTASSIUM ISO-OCTANOATE
Potassium iso-octanoate, also known as Octanoic acid, is a chemical used to convert the tert-butylammmonium salt of clavulanic acid into potassium clavulanate (clavulanate potassium).
Potassium iso-octanoate is a Potassium source that is soluble in organic solvents.
Potassium iso-octanoate is one of numerous organo-metallic compounds sold for uses requiring non-aqueous solubility such as recent solar energy and water treatment applications.

CAS Number:764-71-6
EC Number: 212-130-7
Molecular Formula: C8H17KO2
Molecular Weight: 184.32

Potassium iso-octanoate is a salt of caproic acid and potassium that is used as a food additive.
Potassium iso-octanoate can be used to prevent the development of rancidity in oils made with unsaturated fatty acids.
Potassium iso-octanoate has also been shown to have beneficial effects on the heart, such as slowing the heart rate and reducing arrhythmias.

Potassium iso-octanoate has been shown to have physiological effects in humans, including lowering serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels.
Potassium iso-octanoate has also been shown to reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

Potassium iso-octanoate when combined with cobalt support the accelerating effect in unsaturated polyesters.
This results in a decrease of discoloration of UPS-Systems caused by Cobalt.
Further Potassium iso-octanoate is also capable of stabilizing the rheological and the pot life behavior of waterborne 2- components PUR systems and additionally Potassium iso-octanoate can positively affect the haze-values of these paint systems.

Potassium iso-octanoate, also known as Octanoic acid, is a chemical used to convert the tert-butylammmonium salt of clavulanic acid into potassium clavulanate (clavulanate potassium).
Potassium iso-octanoate is also used as a corrosion inhibitor in automotive antifreeze and as a catalyst for polyurethane systems.

Potassium iso-octanoate is an organic compound of four elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Potassium, and Oxygen.
The molecular weight of Potassium iso-octanoate is 182.3027 which can be calculated by adding up the total weight (atomic weight multiplied by their number) of Carbon, Hydrogen, Potassium, and Oxygen.

To calculate molecular weight of any compound, the first step is to know the constituent elements (atoms) and their number in that particular compound.
Then calculate the total atomic weight of each element by multiplying Potassium iso-octanoate atomic weight by Potassium iso-octanoate number.

The sum of total atomic weight of all constituent elements will be the molecular weight of Potassium iso-octanoate.
Note that the value of atomic weight may differ from different sources.

Potassium iso-octanoate is a Potassium source that is soluble in organic solvents.
Ethylhexanoates are carboxylates with many commercial applications.
They are commonly used in various catalysts for oxidation, hydrogenation and polymerization and as an adhesion promoter.

Potassium iso-octanoate is one of numerous organo-metallic compounds sold for uses requiring non-aqueous solubility such as recent solar energy and water treatment applications.
Similar results can sometimes also be achieved with Nanoparticles and by thin film deposition.

Potassium iso-octanoate is otherwise known as potassium 2-ethylhexanoate.
Potassium iso-octanoate appears as a water white to clear, pale yellow liquid.

Potassium iso-octanoate can be used to promote cobalt soap catalysis and to reduce the dosage of cobalt during the polymerization of polyester resin paint.
The end product will become a light-colored polyester resin.

Potassium iso-octanoate is standard grade potassium-based metal carboxylate with 15% K, diluted in diethylene glycol.
Potassium iso-octanoate is used as co-catalyst to boost cobalt performance and reduce color in unsaturated polyester resins and gelcoats.

Further, Potassium iso-octanoate is also used as liquid trimerization catalyst for polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam.
Catalyst ensures a highly cross-linked polyisocyanurate foam structure, resulting in strong and durable insulation products.

Potassium iso-octanoate is a salt of caproic acid and potassium that is used as a food additive.
Potassium iso-octanoate can be used to prevent the development of rancidity in oils made with unsaturated fatty acids.

Potassium iso-octanoate is used to convert the tert-butylammmonium salt of clavulanic acid into potassium clavulanate or clavulanate potassium.
Potassium iso-octanoate is also used as a catalyst for polyurethane systems (foams) and for unsaturated polyester resin systems.

Potassium iso-octanoate is diethylene glycol solution mainly used as a trimerized catalyst for polyurethanes.
Potassium iso-octanoate offers strong catalysing properties, is odorless, reduces the 'demoulding' time in foams and promotes the 'cross-linking' and 'cure' process.
Potassium iso-octanoate is soluble in water, alcohol and other polar solvents.

Potassium iso-octanoate is an effective promoter with cobalt octoate used in low color applications.
Potassium iso-octanoate is soluble in organic solvents and oils, and Potassium iso-octanoate has a potassium metal content of 15% and a total solids content of 80%.

Potassium iso-octanoate is a potassium catalyst and is widely used in rigid isocyanate foam reaction.
Potassium iso-octanoate is an excellent and cost-effective isocyanate catalyst.
Because of Potassium iso-octanoate high conversion rate, Potassium iso-octanoate has become a catalyst for many rigid foams.

Potassium iso-octanoate exhibits solubility in numerous organic solvents.
Potassium iso-octanoate applications span a wide range of fields, serving as a catalyst in organic synthesis, an electrolyte in batteries, and an additive in lubricants and adhesives.

Moreover, Potassium iso-octanoate finds utility in polymer and plastic production.
In laboratory settings, Potassium iso-octanoate proves invaluable for a diverse array of chemical reactions, encompassing polymer synthesis and catalyst preparation.

An excellent candidate to consider for manufacturing polyisocyanurate rigid foam, Potassium iso-octanoate may be used in formulated systems or by direct metering.
Potassium iso-octanoate also can improve the foam isotropy for more dimensional stability and compressive strength.

Potassium iso-octanoate offers several advantages compared to other Niax catalyst K-Zero G additive catalysts.
In addition to minimizing the amount of isocyanate consumed, Potassium iso-octanoate also has a lower viscosity than typical Potassium iso-octanoate in DEG, which can improve both pumping and handling.

Potassium iso-octanoate has no odor and is not classified as flammable.
Potassium iso-octanoate also offers better formulation flexibility with Potassium iso-octanoate ability to raise the NCO index at a constant isocyanate-to-polyol rate.

Potassium iso-octanoate typically requires the same dosage level as the commonly used Niax catalyst K-Zero G additives it may replace.
In addition, Potassium iso-octanoate water content is essentially identical to the typical Niax catalyst K-Zero G additives, so MDI consumption is not significant.

Potassium iso-octanoate is a salt of caproic acid and potassium that is used as a food additive.
Potassium iso-octanoate can be used to prevent the development of rancidity in oils made with unsaturated fatty acids.
Potassium iso-octanoate has also been shown to have beneficial effects on the heart, such as slowing the heart rate and reducing arrhythmias.

Potassium iso-octanoate has been shown to have physiological effects in humans, including lowering serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels.
Potassium iso-octanoate has also been shown to reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

Potassium iso-octanoate Market Analysis:
Global Potassium iso-octanoate Market Report 2023 talks about crucial market insights with the help of segments and sub-segments analysis.
In this section, we reveal an in-depth analysis of the key factors influencing Potassium iso-octanoate Industry growth.

Potassium iso-octanoate market has been segmented with the help of Potassium iso-octanoate Type, Application , and others.
Potassium iso-octanoate market analysis helps to understand key industry segments, and their global, regional, and country-level insights.

Furthermore, this analysis also provides information pertaining to segments that are going to be most lucrative in the near future and their expected growth rate and future market opportunities.
The report also provides detailed insights into factors responsible for the positive or negative growth of each industry segment.

Type Segment Analysis of Potassium iso-octanoate Market:
Quality management is the major parameter to meet specific standards and specifications, reliability and consistency.
The chemical and material industry is full of various types of chemicals and Potassium iso-octanoate is necessary to focus on quality management because Potassium iso-octanoate may affect environment & other equipment.

Raw materials plays an important role in this industry.
The chemical industry converts these raw materials into primary, secondary, and tertiary products.

Fluctuations in raw material prices may impact the market growth in the near future.
This study includes the revenue generation of each type in each region for the year 2018 to 2030.
Additionally Potassium iso-octanoate also provides detailed supply chain analysis along with current trends in the market which are expected to propel the market growth in the coming year.

Application Segment Analysis of Potassium iso-octanoate Market:
Chemical and materials are one of the most important industries for other sectors including automotive, pharmaceutical, personal care, consumer goods and others.
The demand for high quality and environment friendly products is increasing in various end-use sectors.

Thus, key manufacturers are focusing on technological advancement in production of high-quality chemicals.
The segment analysis will help to understand which is the most attractive application/end use sector.

Potassium iso-octanoate also provides the year on year (Y-O-Y) growth rate for each segment.
Moreover, this study includes the detailed analysis of each segment to understand the key positive and negative factors which are impacting the growth of the Potassium iso-octanoate Market.

Some of the key Application of Potassium iso-octanoate are:
Dryer
Resin Catalyst
Fragrance & Flavor
Other

Applications of Potassium iso-octanoate:

Catalyst:
Potassium iso-octanoate is co-catalyst to boost cobalt performance in unsaturated polyester resins and gelcoats.
Potassium iso-octanoate is trimerization catalyst for polyisocyanurate foam.

Uses of Potassium iso-octanoate:
Potassium iso-octanoate can be used to promote cobalt soap catalysis and to reduce the dosage of cobalt during the polymerization of polyester resin paint.
Potassium iso-octanoate is used as co-catalyst to boost cobalt performance and reduce color in unsaturated polyester resins and gelcoats.

Industry Uses:
Cleaning agent
Corrosion inhibitor
Drier
Lubricating agent
Surface modifier
Surfactant (surface active agent)

Consumer Use:
Drier

Usage of Potassium iso-octanoate:
Potassium iso-octanoate is mainly used as salt-forming agent of potassium clavulanate, salt-forming agent of synthesizing cephalosporin antibiotics, cross-linking agent of macromolecule materials, heat stabilizer of plastic products, catalyst of polymerization, additive of lubricating oil and fuel oil, and can also be used in the fields of dyestuff, perfume and preservative.
Potassium iso-octanoate is mainly used as a salt forming agent for the synthesis of cephalosporin antibiotic potassium clavulanate, a heat stabilizer for plastic products, a catalyst for polymerization, and a crosslinking agent for polymer materials.

General Manufacturing Information of Potassium iso-octanoate:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing

Handling and Storage of Potassium iso-octanoate:
The use of Potassium iso-octanoate requires technical and professional knowledge.
For further information on handling, storage and toxicity consult the safety data sheet.
Potassium iso-octanoate must always be stored sealed, in a cool, ventilated place, protected from atmospheric agents.

Packaging:
The standard packaging of Potassium iso-octanoate is in 1000 kg IBCs.

Stability and Reactivity of Potassium iso-octanoate:

Chemical stability:

Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
No decomposition if used according to specifications.

Incompatible materials:
No further relevant information available.

Hazardous decomposition products:
No dangerous decomposition products known.

Safety of Potassium iso-octanoate:

H Statements:

H315:
Causes skin irritation.

H319:
Causes serious eye irritation.

H335:
May cause respiratory irritation.

P Statements:

P158:
P158

P261:
Avoid breathing dust, fumes, gas, mist, vapours, spray.

P280:
Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P302+P352:

IF ON SKIN:
Wash with plenty of soap and water.

P304+P340:

IF INHALED:
Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.

P305+P351+P338:

IF IN EYES:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
Continue rinsing.

P403+P233:
Store in a well ventilated place.
Keep container tightly closed.

P501:
Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.

Fire Fighting Procedures of Potassium iso-octanoate:

If material on fire or involved in fire:
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.
Solid streams of water may be ineffective.

Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.
Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Cleanup Methods of Potassium iso-octanoate:

Environmental considerations:

Land spill:
Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material.
If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner.

Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete.
Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).
Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents.

Water spill:
Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel.
Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).
Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Air spill:
Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.
Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS (5 gallons or greater):
Do not discharge effluent containing Potassium iso-octanoate into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge.
Do not discharge effluent containing Potassium iso-octanoate to sewer systems without previously notifying the local sewage treatment plant authority.

Disposal Methods of Potassium iso-octanoate:
The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of Potassium iso-octanoate for Potassium iso-octanoate approved use or return Potassium iso-octanoate to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
Potassium iso-octanoate's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

For containers less than 1 gallon:
Do not reuse container.
Wrap container and discard in the trash. (1 gal. bladder in box) Remove empty bladder from outer corrugated box.
Do not reuse bladder. Wrap bladder and box and put in trash.

Pesticide Disposal:
Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous.
Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal Law.
If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency, or the Hazardous Waste Representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance.

Container Disposal:
Triple rinse (or equivalent).
Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in sanitary landfill, or incineration, or if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning.

If burned, stay out of smoke:
Remove empty bladder from outer corrugated box.
Triple rinse bladder (or equivalent).
Offer box and bladder for recycling or dispose of in a sanitary landfill or incineraVon, or if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning.

Identifiers of Potassium iso-octanoate:
EC / List no.: 212-130-7
CAS no.: 764-71-6
Mol. formula: C8H16O2.K

CAS No.: 764-71-6
Chemical Name: Potassium iso-octanoate
CBNumber: CB9106938
Molecular Formula: C8H17KO2
Molecular Weight: 184.32
MDL Number: MFCD00801112
MOL File: 764-71-6.mol

Formula: C8H15KO2
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H16O2.K/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8(9)10;/h2-7H2,1H3,(H,9,10);
InChI key: InChIKey=NEDCBCQYSIPIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: [K].O=C(O)CCCCCCC

Product Name: Potassium iso-octanoate
CAS: 764-71-6
EICNECS: 212-130-7
Formula: C8H15KO2
Synonyms: Potassium Octanoate, Octanoic acid, Potassium Salt (1:1)
Suggested Industries: Construction & Building Materials

IUPAC Traditional: potassium octanoate
Molecular formula: C8H15KO2
Molecular weight: 182.304
SMILES: [K+].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O
Compound number: Molport-006-112-319

Linear Formula: K[OOCCH(C2H5)C4H9]
MDL Number: MFCD00045896
EC No.: 221-625-7
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 23669619
IUPAC Name: potassium 2-ethylhexanoate
SMILES: [K+].[O-]C(=O)C(CC)CCCC
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/C8H16O2.K/c1-3-5-6-7(4-2)8(9)10;/h7H,3-6H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10);/q;+1/p-1
InchI Key: ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M

CAS Number: 3164-85-0
ChemSpider: 56266
ECHA InfoCard: 100.019.660
EC Number: 221-625-7
PubChem CID: 62486
UNII: P089X9A38X
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID4027525
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H16O2.K/c1-3-5-6-7(4-2)8(9)10;/h7H,3-6H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10);/q;+1/p-1
Key: ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1/C8H16O2.K/c1-3-5-6-7(4-2)8(9)10;/h7H,3-6H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10);/q;+1/p-1
Key: ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-REWHXWOFAE
SMILES: [K+].[O-]C(=O)C(CC)CCCC

Properties of Potassium iso-octanoate:
Chemical formula: C8H15KO2
Molar mass: 182.304 g·mol−1

Molecular weight: 183.31 g/mol
Formula: C8H16O2•K
Purity: Min. 95%
Color/Form: Powder
MDL: MFCD00801112
HS code: 2915907098

Appearance: Liquid
Color Clear: Yellow
Content of Potassium iso-octanoate, % 75: ± 3
Viscosity @ 25°C, mPa s: 3500 - 4500
OH number, mg KOH / g (calculated): 470
Water content, %: 3.2 - 3.7

Molecular Weight: 182.30 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 182.07091120 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 182.07091120 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.1Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Complexity: 94.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Potassium iso-octanoate:
Appearance: Liquid
Color: Yellow-orange
Metal Content: 15% potassium
Solvent: Diethylene glycol
Typical Viscosity (mPa.s, rt): 5 000
Viscosity 25°C (dPa.s): 50,5
Water Content (wt %): 4
Concentration (wt %): 71
OH Value (mg KOH/g): 254

Color: White
Quantity: 25 g
Formula Weight: 182.30
Percent Purity: ≥95.0% (T)
Physical Form: Crystalline Lumps
Chemical Name or Material: Potassium 2-Ethylhexanoate

Complementary Products of Potassium iso-octanoate:

Similar products that may enhance results or work well together:
Niax Silicone L-6633
Niax Catalyst A-1
Niax Catalyst C-41

Names of Potassium iso-octanoate:

Regulatory process names:
Caprylic acid, potassium salt
Octanoic acid, potassium salt
Octanoic acid, potassium salt (1:1)
Potassium caprylate
Potassium octanoate
Potassium octanoate
potassium octanoate

IUPAC names:
Octanoic acid, potassium salt
potassium caprylate ou octanoate
Potassium octanoate
potassium octanoate
potassium octanoic acid
Potassium Octoate
potassium;octanoate
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate

Other identifiers:
146837-11-8
764-71-6

Synonyms of Potassium iso-octanoate:
Potassium octanoate
764-71-6
Potassium caprylate
Potassium octoate
potassium;octanoate
EINECS 212-130-7
Octanoic acid, potassium salt (1:1)
UNII-7CND0TX59N
7CND0TX59N
Caprylic acid, potassium salt
OCTANOIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT
potassium n-octanoate
potassium octylate
SCHEMBL26223
CHEMBL3894810
DTXSID9052507
POTASSIUM CAPRYLATE [INCI]
CAPRYLIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT
EC 686
AKOS006220435
K 977
Q27268087
221-625-7 [EINECS]
2-Éthylhexanoate de potassium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, potassium salt
3164-85-0 [RN]
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, potassium salt
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, potassium salt (1:1) [ACD/Index Name]
Kalium-2-ethylhexanoat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
[3164-85-0] [RN]
19766-89-3 [RN]
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT, ANHYDROUS
764-71-6 [RN]
93357-97-2 [RN]
MFCD00045896 [MDL number]
MFCD00801112
Potassium 2-ethyl hexanoate
potassium and 2-ethylhexanoate
Potassium octoate
Potassium octoate/Potassium acetate
potassium2-ethylhexanoate
POTASSIUM-2-ETHYLHEXANOATE
POTASSIUMOCTOATE
POTASSIUM ISOSTEARATE
Lactic acid, monopotassium salt; Lactic acid, potassium salt; Monopotassium 2-hydroxypropanoate; Monopotassium 2-hydroxypropanoate acid; Monopotassium lactate; Potassium alpha-hydroxypropionate; Potassium DL-lactate; Potassium lactate; Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monopotassium salt; Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, potassium salt (1:1); : potassium 2-hydroxypropanoate; potassium;2-hydroxypropanoate; POTASSIUM LACTATE, N° CAS : 996-31-6 / 85895-78-9 - Lactate de potassium. Nom INCI : POTASSIUM LACTATE. Nom chimique : Potassium lactate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 213-631-3 / 288-752-8. Additif alimentaire : E326. Ses fonctions (INCI). Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau.Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Noms français : 2-HYDROXYPROPANOATE POTASSIUM; 2-HYDROXYPROPANOIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT; HYDROXY-2 PROPANOATE DE POTASSIUM; Lactate de potassium; PROPANOIC ACID, 2-HYDROXY-, MONOPOTASSIUM SALT. Noms anglais : LACTIC ACID MONOPOTASSIUM SALT; LACTIC ACID, MONOPOTASSIUM SALT; LACTIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT; Potassium lactate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques. Conclyte K ; Potassium DL-lactate 213-631-3 [EINECS] 276897E67U 2-Hydroxypropanoate de potassium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name] 996-31-6 [RN] DL-potassium lactate Kalium-2-hydroxypropanoat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name] Lactic acid, monopotassium salt Lactic acid, potassium salt Monopotassium 2-hydroxypropanoate Monopotassium lactate Potassium 2-hydroxypropanoate [ACD/IUPAC Name] Potassium lactate [Wiki] POTASSIUM LACTATE, DL- POTASSIUM LACTATE, L- Potassium α-hydroxypropionate Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, potassium salt (1:1) [ACD/Index Name] UNII:276897E67U [996-31-6] 288-752-8 [EINECS] 31981-04-1 [RN] 85895-78-9 [RN] 996-31-6? Conclyte K MFCD00036410 MFCD00080809 Monopotassium 2-hydroxypropanoate acid Potassium L- lactate Potassium Lactate 60% POTASSIUM LACTATE|POTASSIUM 2-HYDROXYPROPANOATE potassiumlactate PotassiumL-lactate Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monopotassium salt
POTASSIUM LACTATE ( Lactate de potassium)
POTASSIUM LAURATE, N° CAS : 10124-65-9, Nom INCI : POTASSIUM LAURATE. Nom chimique : Potassium laurate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 233-344-7. Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS), Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation
POTASSIUM LAURATE
POTASSIUM LAURYL SULFATE, N° CAS : 4706-78-9. Nom INCI : POTASSIUM LAURYL SULFATE. Nom chimique : Potassium dodecyl sulphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 225-190-4, Classification : Sulfate. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile): Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation
POTASSIUM LAURYL SULFATE
Potassium peroxysulfate; potassium monopersulfate; hydrogénopersulfate de potassium; peroxymonosulfate de potassium; monopersulfate de potassium; MPS ; Bis(peroxysulfate) bis(sulfate) pentapotassique; Potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate; Potassium peroxymonosulfate sulfate (K5H3(SO3(O2))2(SO4)2)POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE, N° CAS : 70693-62-8. Nom INCI : POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE. Nom chimique : Pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate). N°, EINECS/ELINCS : 274-778-7. Classification : Sulfate; Bis(peroksymonosiarczano) bis(siarczan) pentapotasu (pl); Bis(perossimonosolfato)bis(solfato) di pentapotassio (it); Bis(perossimonosulfat) tal-pentapotassju bis(sulfat) (mt); bis(Peroximonossulfato)bis(sulfato) de pentapotássio (pt); Bis(peroximonosulfat) bis(sulfat) de pentapotasiu (ro); Bis(peroximonosulfato) bis(sulfato) de pentapotasio (es); bis(peroxosíran)-bis(síran) pentadraselný (cs); Bis(peroxymonosulfate)bis(sulfate) de pentapotassium (fr); hydrogenperoxosíran-bissíran pentadraselný (sk); Pentakaaliumbis(peroksümonosulfaat)bis(sulfaat) (et); Pentakalijev bis(peroksimonosulfat) bis(sulfat) (hr); Pentakalio bis(peroksimonosulfatas)bis(sulfatas) (lt); pentakalium-bis(peroxymonosulfat)-bis(sulfat) (da); Pentakaliumbis(peroksimonosulfaatti)bis(sulfaatti) (fi); Pentakaliumbis(peroximonosulfat)bis(sulfat) (sv); Pentakaliumbis(peroxymonosulfaat)bis(sulfaat) (nl); Pentakálium-bisz(peroximonoszulfát)-bisz(szulfát) (hu); Pentakālija bis(peroksimonosulfāts) bis(sulfāts) (lv); Pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate) (no); Όξινο μονοϋπερθειικό θειικό κάλιο (el); Пентакалиев бис(пероксимоносулфат) бис(сулфат) (bg). CAS names: Potassium peroxymonosulfate sulfate (K5[HSO3(O2)][SO3(O2)](HSO4)2). : KMPS triple salt; pentapotassium bis((hydroperoxysulfonyl)oxidanide) hydrogen sulfate sulfate; pentapotassium bis(O-(hydroperoxysulfonyl)oxidanidolate) hydrogen sulfate sulfate; Potassium peroxymonosulfate; potassiummonopersulfat. Caroat; Kybreak; Oxone; Virkon S. Potassium peroxymonosulfate (also known as MPS, potassium monopersulfate, potassium caroate, and as non-chlorine shock in the pool and spa industry) is widely used as an oxidizing agent. It is the potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid.
POTASSIUM METHYL SILICONATE
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is a salt of an organic silicon substance that has been used as an intermediate in the production of other organic and inorganic chemicals, an intermediate (starting material) in the production of other organic and inorganic chemicals, used in coating and paints.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals in an industrial setting under highly controlled conditions.

CAS Number: 31795-24-1
Molecular Weight: 208.41
EINECS: 250-807-9



APPLICATIONS


Potassium Methyl Siliconate has a variety of applications in different industries.
Here are some examples:

Concrete and masonry:
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a surface hardener and densifier for concrete floors, walls, and other structures, improving their durability and resistance to abrasion, chemical attack, and water penetration.


Adhesives and sealants:
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as an adhesion promoter and water repellent in silicone sealants, adhesives, and coatings, improving their bonding strength, flexibility, and weather resistance.


Paints and coatings:
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a dispersant, wetting agent, and anti-settling agent in waterborne coatings, improving their stability, flow, and leveling.


Textiles:
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a water repellent and flame retardant agent for textiles and fabrics, improving their resistance to stains, spills, and fire.


Paper and pulp:
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a sizing agent, wet strength resin, and filler for paper and pulp, improving their water resistance, strength, and printability.


Personal care:
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a foam stabilizer, emulsifier, and thickener in shampoos, soaps, and other personal care products, improving their texture, stability, and cleansing properties.


Agriculture:
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a plant growth regulator and soil conditioner, improving the plant root growth, nutrient uptake, and drought tolerance.


Food packaging:
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a coating agent for food packaging materials, such as paper, board, and plastic films, improving their water resistance, grease resistance, and barrier properties.


Industrial cleaning:
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a surfactant and emulsifier in cleaning formulations for industrial equipment, improving their cleaning efficiency and compatibility with water.


Leather and textile coatings:
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a crosslinking agent for leather and textile coatings, improving their water resistance, durability, and color fastness.


Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a surface hardener and densifier for concrete floors and walls.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in adhesives and sealants to improve bonding strength, flexibility, and weather resistance.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a dispersant, wetting agent, and anti-settling agent in waterborne coatings to improve stability, flow, and leveling.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a water repellent and flame retardant agent for textiles and fabrics.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a sizing agent, wet strength resin, and filler for paper and pulp to improve water resistance, strength, and printability.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a foam stabilizer, emulsifier, and thickener in shampoos, soaps, and other personal care products.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a plant growth regulator and soil conditioner in agriculture to improve plant root growth, nutrient uptake, and drought tolerance.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a coating agent for food packaging materials, such as paper, board, and plastic films, to improve water resistance, grease resistance, and barrier properties.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a surfactant and emulsifier in cleaning formulations for industrial equipment.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a crosslinking agent for leather and textile coatings to improve water resistance, durability, and color fastness.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as an anti-corrosion agent in metal coatings to improve adhesion and resistance to rust and oxidation.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a waterproofing agent for roofs, decks, and walls to improve durability and prevent water damage.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as an anti-graffiti coating to prevent graffiti from adhering to surfaces and make it easier to clean.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as an anti-blocking agent in plastic films to improve their smoothness and prevent sticking.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a mold release agent in rubber and plastic molding to improve release and reduce defects.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a surfactant in foam control agents for firefighting to improve their efficiency and effectiveness.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as an anti-static agent in electronic devices to prevent static electricity buildup and discharge.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a waterproofing agent for tents, awnings, and outdoor gear to improve durability and prevent water damage.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a leveling agent in printing inks to improve their print quality and consistency.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as an anti-fogging agent in mirrors, eyewear, and car windshields to prevent condensation buildup.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a water-soluble dispersant in dyeing and printing textiles to improve color uniformity and fastness.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a release agent in baking molds and trays to improve release and prevent sticking.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as an anti-icing agent for aircraft and runway surfaces to prevent ice buildup and improve safety.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as an anti-blocking agent in coatings and films to improve surface smoothness and prevent sticking.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a leveling agent in paint and ink formulations to improve their surface appearance and adhesion.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a water-repellent agent in concrete and masonry to improve their resistance to water penetration and weathering.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a surfactant and emulsifier in metalworking fluids to improve their lubrication and cooling properties.


Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a hardener for concrete and other building materials.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in coatings to improve adhesion to various substrates.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in waterproofing applications to increase water resistance.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used as a binder in ceramic manufacturing.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as an anti-foaming agent in various industrial processes.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used as a dispersant in pigments and dyes.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a surface modifier to improve surface tension and wetting properties.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a corrosion inhibitor in metalworking fluids.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used in the production of glass and ceramics to modify their properties.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a lubricant additive to improve wear resistance.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in the formulation of fire-retardant coatings.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in the formulation of printing inks to improve ink transfer properties.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used as a surfactant in emulsion polymerization.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as an agent for improving the performance of UV-curable coatings.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used in the formulation of personal care products such as shampoos and conditioners.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in the formulation of cleaners and detergents.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used as a crosslinking agent for epoxy resins.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a flame retardant for plastics and textiles.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used in the formulation of agricultural adjuvants.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in the formulation of inorganic salts and catalysts.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used as a defoamer in the production of paints and coatings.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in the production of silicone rubber.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used as a leveling agent in the formulation of coatings.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in the production of specialty glasses such as high-index lenses.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used as a water-repellent agent for textiles.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in the formulation of heat-resistant coatings.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used in the formulation of protective coatings for electronic devices.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in the formulation of anti-graffiti coatings.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used in the production of synthetic resins.


Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in the production of inorganic binders for refractory materials.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate acts as a waterproofing agent for concrete and masonry surfaces.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used as a surface treatment for wood to improve durability and water resistance.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used in the formulation of coatings and adhesives for improved bonding to difficult substrates.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a cross-linking agent in the manufacture of silicone rubber.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used as a modifier for silicate-based coatings to improve durability and water resistance.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in the production of sealants and caulks for improved adhesion and water resistance.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used as an additive in paint formulations to improve water and chemical resistance.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in the production of ceramic materials for improved strength and durability.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used as an emulsifier in the production of personal care products.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in the formulation of rust inhibitors for improved corrosion resistance.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used in the production of fire-resistant materials for improved performance.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in the production of high-performance glass and ceramics for improved strength and durability.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used as an adhesion promoter for metal surfaces in automotive applications.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in the formulation of anti-graffiti coatings for improved surface protection.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used as a surface treatment for textiles to improve water and oil repellency.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used in the production of coatings for electronic components for improved protection and durability.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used as an additive in concrete and mortar formulations to improve strength and durability.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a surface treatment for natural stone to improve water resistance and durability.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be used in the formulation of coatings for paper and cardboard to improve water resistance and durability.



DESCRIPTION


Potassium Methyl Siliconate is a salt of an organic silicon substance that has been used as an intermediate in the production of other organic and inorganic chemicals, an intermediate (starting material) in the production of other organic and inorganic chemicals, used in coating and paints.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals in an industrial setting under highly controlled conditions.

In nonmetal surface treatment, Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used to modify the surface of a wide range of materials.

In coatings and paints Potassium Methyl Siliconate is combined with water galss, minerals and other fillers.
In masonry treatment products, Potassium Methyl Siliconate serves as the active ingredient in water repellent treatments for external and internal masonry surfaces.


Potassium Methyl Siliconate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula KOSi(CH3)2O, also known as potassium dimethylsiliconate.
It is a salt composed of potassium cations and the anionic silicate group (SiO32-), with two methyl groups (CH3) attached to the silicon atom.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is a clear and colorless liquid with a characteristic odor.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is soluble in water and organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and acetone.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is produced by the reaction of dimethylsilicone oil with potassium hydroxide.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used as a surface treatment agent for various materials such as concrete, masonry, stone, and metal.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate forms a protective film on the surface of these materials, providing water repellency, chemical resistance, and increased durability. It can also be used as an adhesive and sealant for glass, metal, and ceramics.

In the construction industry, Potassium Methyl Siliconate is used to improve the water resistance and durability of concrete structures.
Potassium Methyl Siliconate is also used in the production of ceramic products such as tiles and sanitaryware, as well as in the manufacture of silicone polymers and resins.

Potassium Methyl Siliconate is considered to be a relatively safe compound.
However, Potassium Methyl Siliconate can be corrosive to the skin and eyes, and can cause irritation if inhaled or ingested.
Proper handling procedures and personal protective equipment should be used when working with this chemical.



PROPERTIES


Chemical formula: KOSi(CH3)2O
Molecular weight: 162 g/mol
Appearance: Clear to slightly turbid liquid
Odor: Mild
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohol
pH: Alkaline (around 12)
Boiling point: Decomposes above 300°C
Density: 1.05 g/cm3
Viscosity: 2-5 cP at 25°C
Refractive index: 1.39
Flash point: Not applicable (non-flammable)
Vapor pressure: Not applicable (low volatility)
Reactivity: Reacts with strong acids to release methylsilicic acid
Stability: Stable under normal conditions of use and storage
Shelf life: Typically several months to a year if stored properly
Hazardous polymerization: Will not occur
Hazardous decomposition products: None known
Oxidizing properties: Not oxidizing
Corrosivity: Corrosive to metals and skin
Health hazards: May cause skin and eye irritation, respiratory tract irritation, and allergic sensitization in some individuals
Environmental hazards: May be harmful to aquatic organisms and cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
Regulatory status: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in food packaging applications.



FIRST AID


Here are the first aid measures for Potassium Methyl Siliconate:


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is not breathing, perform artificial respiration and seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:
In case of skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and wash affected skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation, redness, or swelling persists, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, immediately flush the affected eye(s) with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelid(s) open.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Seek medical attention if irritation or pain persists.


Ingestion:
If swallowed, do not induce vomiting.
Rinse the mouth with water and seek medical attention immediately.
If the affected person is unconscious, do not give anything by mouth and seek medical attention immediately.


Note:
It is important to seek immediate medical attention if any symptoms of exposure occur, even if the symptoms seem mild.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Here are the handling and storage conditions for Potassium Methyl Siliconate:

Handling:

Potassium Methyl Siliconate should be handled in a well-ventilated area, preferably under a fume hood.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, when handling this chemical.
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Do not inhale vapors or dust.
Use only in a laboratory or industrial setting by trained personnel.
Keep away from sources of ignition, heat, and open flames.


Storage:

Store Potassium Methyl Siliconate in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from heat, moisture, and incompatible materials.
Keep the container tightly closed when not in use.

Do not store near acids or acidic materials as they may cause the release of hazardous gases.
Store away from food, feed, and other edible materials.
Follow all local, state, and federal regulations for the storage and handling of this chemical.



SYNONYMS


Potassium Methyl Silanetriolate
Rhodorsil 51T
Rhoximat Siliconate 51T
Methyl Potassium Silicate
Potassium Methylsiliconate
Potassium Methyl Orthosilicate
Methylsilicic Acid, Potassium Salt
Potassium Methyl Siliconate Solution
Potassium Methyl Silicoate
Potassium Silicomethanolate
Silicic Acid, Methyl-, Potassium Salt
Potassium Methylsilanolate
Potassium Methylsiliconate Monohydrate
Potassium Methylsiliconate Tetrahydrate
Potassium Methylsiliconate Pentahydrate
Potassium Methylsiliconate Octahydrate
Potassium Methylsiliconate Solution
Methyl Potassium Siliconate Solution
Potassium Silico-Methylate
Potassium Silicomethylate
Potassium Methyl Siliconate Glass
Methyl Potassium Silicoate
Potassium Methyl Siliconate Liquid
KMS
PMS
MSKP
K-M-Sil
Silicic acid, methyl-, potassium salt (1:1)
Silicic acid (H4SiO4), potassium salt, methylated
Potassium methylsiliconate monohydrate (K2O2Si.CH4O.H2O)
Methyl potassium silicate solution
Potassium Methylsiliconate Anhydrous
Potassium Methylsiliconate Hexahydrate
Silicic acid, methyl-, potassium salt, hydrate
Silicic acid, methyl-, potassium salt, monohydrate
Potassium silicomethoxide
Potassium silicomethylide
Silicic acid, potassium salt, methyl ester
Silicic acid (H4SiO4), potassium salt, methyl ester, hydrate
Potassium methylsilicate (K2SiO3.CH4O)
Methyl potassium silicate (K2SiO3.CH4O)
Potassium methyl orthosilicate solution
Methyl potassium orthosilicate solution
Potassium monomethylsilicate
Potassium methylsilicate solution
Potassium silicomethanolate
Methyl potassium silicate
Potassium methyl silanolate
Silicic acid potassium salt, methyl-
Potassium methyl silicate
Methylsilanolate potassium salt
Potassium methylsiliconate
Potassium methylsilanolate
Methylsiliconic acid potassium salt
Potassium monomethylsilicate
Potassium methylsilicic acid
Silicic acid, methyl-, potassium salt
Potassium silico-methanolate
Potassium Methyl Siliconate Solution
Methylsilanolate, potassium salt
Potassium methyl silicic acid salt
Silicic acid, methyl-, potassium salt (1:1)
Methyl potassium silanolate
Potassium methyl silicic acid
Potassium methylsiliconic acid
Potassium monomethylsiliconate
Potassium methylsilicoate
Methylsilanolate potassium
Methylsiliconic acid potassium salt
Potassium silicomethylate
Methyl silanolate potassium
Methylsilicic acid potassium salt
Potassium methylsilanate
Potassium methylsilicic acid salt
Methylsiliconate potassium salt
POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE
Potassium monopersulfate is a highly active oxidant that is very effective at disinfecting swimming pools and lagoons.
The active ingredient of Potassium monopersulfate is present as a component of a triple salt with the formula 2KHSO5•KHSO4•K2SO4 [potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate sulfate, [CAS-RN 70693-62-8].


CAS Number: 70693-62-8
EC Number: 274-778-7
MDL Number: MFCD00040551
Molecular Fomula: 2KHSO5•KHSO4•K2SO4



Potassium peroxysulfate, Caroat, Oxone Potassium monopersulfate, potassium monopersulfate, MPS, KMPS, potassium caroate, non-chlorine shock, Potassium peroxymonosulfate sulfate, PotassiuM Monopersulfate coMpound, potassium peroxymonopersulfate, PotassiuM 3-sulfotrioxidan-1-ide, Potassium hydrogen monopersulfate, Potassiumhydrogenperoxymonosulfate, Potassium peroxymonosulfate,Active Oxygen≥4.5%, Oxone Potassium monopersulfate PS-16, OXONE POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE Extra Pure, POTASSIUM CAROATE, Oxone Potassium monopersulfate, Potassium Monopersulfate, Potassium peroxymonosulfate, Oxone Potassium monopersulfate, potassium monopersulfate, PotassiuM 3-sulfotrioxidan-1-ide, potassium 3-sulfotrioxidan-1-ide, Potassium hydrogen monopersulfate, PotassiuM Monopersulfate coMpound, Potassium peroxymonosulfate joyce, Potassiumhydrogenperoxymonosulfate, Potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate, OXONE POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE, MONOPERSULFATE COMPOUNDOXONE POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE, MONOPERSULFATE COMPOUNDOXONE POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE, MONOPERSULFATE COMPOUND, Potassium peroxymonosulfate, Potassium monopersulfate, Potassium monoperoxysulfate, Potassium hydrogen persulfate, Oxone Potassium monopersulfate, Potassium Monopersulfate, Potassium peroxymonosulfate, Oxone Potassium monopersulfate , potassium monopersulfate, PotassiuM 3-sulfotrioxidan-1-ide, potassium 3-sulfotrioxidan-1-ide, Potassium hydrogen monopersulfate, PotassiuM Monopersulfate coMpound, Potassium peroxymonosulfate joyce, Potassiumhydrogenperoxymonosulfate, Potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate, OXONE POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE, MONOPERSULFATE COMPOUNDOXONE POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE, MONOPERSULFATE COMPOUNDOXONE POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE, MONOPERSULFATE COMPOUND, KMP, PMPS, Potassium peroxymonosulphate, Potassium hydrogen monopersulphate, Potassium monopersulphate triple salt, Potassium peroxymonosulfate, potassium monopersulfate compound, Potassium hydrogen sulfate, PMPS, KMPS,



Potassium monopersulfate is a substance that can rapidly oxidize swimming pool .
Potassium monopersulfate is also called MPS, or Potassium peroxymonosulfate, as it is a potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid.
Potassium monopersulfate is marketed as a popular non-chlorine based shock.


Potassium monopersulfate's primary swimming pool use is to oxidize any contaminates in the water, sanitizers already present in the water to focus on sanitizing the water.
Potassium monopersulfate is the first raw material verified for removal of wet strength resins in paper repulping.


Potassium monopersulfate is a white, odourless, crystalline, free-flowing solid powder.
Potassium monopersulfate is a white powder and non-chlorine oxidizer, whose chemical formula is 2KHSO5•KHSO4•K2SO4.
Potassium monopersulfate is chlorine-free, meaning chlorine can be eliminated from the repulping process.


Potassium monopersulfate is extra pure an oxidizing agent.
Potassium monopersulfate is the potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid.
Potassium monopersulfate is a white, odourless, crystalline, free-flowing solid powder.


Potassium monopersulfate decomposes when the temperature exceeds 60 degrees.
Potassium monopersulfate is highly soluble in water and slightly corrosive.
Potassium monopersulfate provides powerful non-chlorine oxidation and microbiological effectiveness for various industrial and consumer uses.


Potassium monopersulfate has the advantage of being highly stable in storage, easy and safe to handle.
Potassium persulfate complex is an inorganic acidic oxidant, also known as potassium monopersulfate complex salt, potassium persulfate triplex salt peroxide potassium sulfate salt, is the common functional chemicals Potassium monopersulfate, Caroat, ZA200/100, Basolan2448 basic effective components.


Potassium monopersulfate, is a substance that can rapidly oxidize swimming pool .
Potassium monopersulfate is also called MPS, or Potassium peroxymonosulfate, as it is a potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is marketed as a popular non-chlorine based shock.


Its primary swimming pool use is to oxidize any contaminates in the water, sanitizers already present in the water to focus on sanitizing the water.
Potassium monopersulfate is a white, granular, free-flowing peroxygen powder that provides powerful non-chloride oxidation.
Potassium monopersulfate is the potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid.


The active ingredient of Potassium monopersulfate is present as a component of a triple salt with the formula 2KHSO5•KHSO4•K2SO4 [potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate sulfate, [CAS-RN 70693-62-8].
The oxidation potential of Potassium monopersulfate is derived from its peracid chemistry; it is the first neutralization salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid H2SO5 (also known as Caro's acid).


Potassium monopersulfate is a highly active oxidant that is very effective at disinfecting swimming pools and lagoons.
Potassium monopersulfate's oxidation potential exceeds even that of hydrogen peroxide and ozone.
Potassium monopersulfate is an odourless white powder that dissolves easily in water, sanitizing and improving water clarity without the carcinogenic trihalomethanes (THMs) that chlorine produces.


Potassium monopersulfate is ANSI60 certified for drinking water applications.
Potassium monopersulfate is abbreviated as PMs, which is a convenient, stable, and widely used inorganic acidic oxidant and disinfectant.
Potassium monopersulfate has strong non-chlorine oxidation ability, the product is safe and stable in solid state, easy to store, safe and convenient to use.


Potassium monopersulfate does not contain chlorine, as it is a potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid.
Potassium monopersulfate is marketed as a popular non-chlorine based shock.
Potassium monopersulfate's primary swimming pool use is to oxidize any contaminates in the water, leaving chlorine or bromine sanitizers already present in the water to focus on sanitizing the water.


Potassium monopersulfate is widely used as an oxidizing agent, for example, in pools and spas (usually referred to as monopersulfate or "MPS").
Potassium monopersulfate is the potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid.
Potassium monopersulfate is a relatively obscure salt, but its derivative called Potassium monopersulfate is of commercial value.


Potassium monopersulfate refers to the triple salt 2KHSO5•KHSO4•K2SO4.
Potassium monopersulfate has a longer shelflife than does potassium peroxymonosulfate.
Potassium monopersulfate will break the chlorine-ammonia bond formed when chlorine combines with ammonia, without increasing the chlorine level of the swimming pool.


Shocking is the introduction of a large amount of a chemical that causes contaminants in the pool to be oxidized (burned off).
The most common contaminant is chloramines, which is the combination of chlorine and ammonia.
These compounds are strong eye irritants and produce a strong chlorine odor.


They are eliminated by oxidation.
Oxidation can be accomplished by several means, the most common is the introduction of a chlorine shock, the second is non-chlorine shock.
Non-Chlorine shock provides tremendous versatility for pool and spa owners as well as pool professionals, Potassium monopersulfate is the oxidizer of choice, where the introduction of chlorine, which increases chlorine levels, may be irritating to some bathers.


Potassium monopersulfate is a white, free flowing crystalline granule, is non-toxic, odorless, and easily soluble in water.
Potassium monopersulfate is an efficient, environmentally friendly, and multifunctional acidic oxidant.
Potassium monopersulfate is a free-flowing, white granular solid, soluble in water.


Potassium monopersulfate is present as a component of a triple salt including potassium monopersulfate, potassium bisulfateand potassium sulfate with the formula 2KHSO5•KHSO4•K2SO4.
The oxidation potential of this compound is derived from its peracid chemistry.


A white, water-soluble solid, Potassium monopersulfate loses <1% of its oxidizing power per month.
Potassium monopersulfate converts ketones to dioxiranes.
The synthesis of dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) from acetone is representative.


Potassium monopersulfate has several important disadvantages and limitations.
While Potassium monopersulfate does oxidize and break down urea and chloramines, nitrate ions are the main oxidation product.
This is an important point to consider because like phosphates, nitrates are great algae food.


Furthermore, Potassium monopersulfate lowers the pH and the total alkalinity.
Potassium monopersulfate shows up as combined chlorine in the DPD test and as free chlorine in the FAS-DPD test.
Potassium monopersulfate oxidizes and reacts with one of the reagents.


This interference can be removed, however, and service technicians should be aware of this point.
Potassium monopersulfate is a strong oxidant with an oxidation potential of similar magnitude to that of chlorine.
Dioxiranes are versatile oxidising agents and may be used for the epoxidation of olefins.


In particular, if the starting ketone is chiral then the epoxide may be generated enantioselectively, which forms the basis of the Shi epoxidation.
Potassium monopersulfate is a non-chlorine shock.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
Potassium monopersulfate is used as a disinfectant or sterilant and is often used in wastewater treatment plants to remove organic contaminants such as naphthalene.
The mechanism of action for Potassium monopersulfate involves its reaction with the electron-rich functional groups found on the bacterial cell membrane, which forms peroxides that cause irreversible damage to the cell.


Potassium monopersulfate also reacts with DNA, RNA, and proteins, and is therefore toxic to all cells.
Potassium monopersulfate has been shown to be effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but it does not work well against acid-fast bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium complex.


Potassium monopersulfate is used for halogenation of a,b-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and catalytic generation of hypervalent iodine reagents for alcohol oxidation.
Potassium monopersulfate is used for rapid, and good synthesis of oxaziridines


Potassium monopersulfate may be used as an alternative to transition-metal oxidants for the conversion of aldehydes to carboxylic acids or esters.
Potassium monopersulfate is also used to study fading of an artist′s colorants.
Potassium monopersulfate is a potassium triple salt mainly used as a stable, easy to handle and nontoxic oxidant.


The use of Potassium monopersulfate has increased rapidly due to its inherent stability, the simple handling, the non-toxic nature, the versatility of the reagent and the relatively low cost.
Potassium monopersulfate is used for oral cleaning, swimming pool and hot spring water Disinfection, pulp bleaching.


Potassium monopersulfate provides powerful non-chlorine oxidation for a wide variety of industrial and consumer uses.
Potassium monopersulfate's applications may be found in oral hygiene formulations, pool and spa shock and disinfection, paper recycling, printed circuit board etching, wool shrink proofing, laundry bleaches, precious metal extraction process compounds, such as mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides, and sulfites in waste water treatment.


Potassium monopersulfate's also an oxygen releasing agent in aquiculture and low temperature bleaching agent in detergent formulations.
Disinfectant uses of Potassium monopersulfate : In swimming pools and spas for the purpose of reducing the organic content of the water.
Printed Circuit Board Etching : Potassium monopersulfate is used as a micro-etching for cleaning and preparing copper printed wiring board surfaces.


Paper Recycling : Potassium monopersulfate is a convenient and effective processing aid for re-pulping wet strength resin or secondary fiber furnish.
Textile : Potassium monopersulfate is used as an oxidizer for the treatment of wool to prepare it for the application of shrink-proofing resins and laundry bleach.


Others uses of Potassium monopersulfate : Denture cleansers; Plaster Additive; Auxiliary Agent in organic synthesis; Carpet Browning and water decontamination.
Potassium monopersulfate is a stable, convenient and excellent acidity oxidant being widely used in the following industries; pool and spa, water disinfection, PCB etchant, pulp bleach, wool fabric shrink treatment agents, and metal refining agents.


Potassium monopersulfate is also used in organic synthesis, such as oxidizing the double bonds of organic molecules, or as an initiator in many radical polymerizations.
Potassium monopersulfate's application fields involve oral cleaning, swimming pool and hot spring water disinfection, Circuit board etchant, pulp bleaching, wool fabric anti-shrinkage treatment, precious metal extraction, etc.


Potassium monopersulfate salt is an important auxiliary agent in organic synthesis, which can epoxidize the double bonds in organic molecules.
Potassium monopersulfate is a free radical initiator for many polymerization reactions.
In addition, Potassium monopersulfate can be used as an oxidant for sulfur-containing substances such as hydrogen sulfide in wastewater treatment, a low-temperature oxygen-based bleach in detergent, and an oxygen supply agent in aquaculture.


Potassium monopersulfate can be used in animal breeding industry, cosmetics, daily chemicals, wool spinning and paper industry, water treatment industry, oil field, petrochemical, metal electroplating, smelting, printed circuit board PCB/metal surface treatment, chemical synthesis, etc.
Potassium monopersulfate is used microetching and cleaning of printed wiring/circuit board (PWB)


For PWB industry, microetch solutions used to remove excess graphite and/or carbon black may be based on hydrogen peroxide or sodium persulfate as the oxidizing agent.
Potassium monopersulfate is a used for rapid, and good synthesis of oxaziridines.


For example, a sodium persulfate-based product may be combined with sufficient sulfuric acid to make a microetch bath containing 100 300 grams of sodium persulfate per liter of deionized water and about 1 to 10% by weight sulfuric acid but nowadays, technical people find that Potassium monopersulfate could be used as very good solution as it contains required oxideizer, sulfuric acid as one step solution.


Key Applications of Potassium monopersulfate: Pool & Spa, Pulp & Paper, Electronics, Mining, Water Treatment, HI&I, Denture Cleaning.
Potassium monopersulfate is a white granular product that provides non-chlorinated oxidation in a wide variety of applications.
When used with biguanide systems, follow the biguanide manufacturers’ specific recommendations for the use of pPotassium monopersulfate.


Potassium monopersulfate has been used for over 30 years in paper products such as tissue and towel paper, coffee filters and food packaging – products that often come into close contact with humans.
Potassium monopersulfate is compatible with all sanitizer products and systems.


It is recommended for use in indoor and outdoor residential and commercial venues.
Potassium monopersulfate is used for halogenation of a,b-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and catalytic generation of hypervalent iodine reagents for alcohol oxidation.


Potassium monopersulfate is a used for rapid, and good synthesis of oxaziridines.
Potassium monopersulfate is used for halogenation of a,b-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and catalytic generation of hypervalent iodine reagents for alcohol oxidation.


Potassium monopersulfate is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that has an inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria.
Potassium monopersulfate's safe to use in a production facility, in the environment, and even as a key ingredient in your denture cleaner!
Most notably, Potassium monopersulfate allows for efficient non-chlorinated oxidation as a pool shock, allowing less use of sanitizer and leaves the pool clean, clear, and swimmable nearly immediately.


The powerful oxidation as a microetchant in printed circuit boards improves process control in multi-step copper etching with a predictable rate to completion.
Potassium monopersulfate is of particular interest in metal plating and mining as it safely, economically, and conveniently oxidizes cyanide in waste streams.


These key benefits of rapid rate of reaction as well as non-chlorinated oxidation has allowed repulping papers with wet strength resins to move their processes to greener methods without sacrificing production time.
Potassium monopersulfate is used to shock pools for a variety of reasons.


Some use Potassium monopersulfate to avoid using chlorine.
When chlorine is used to oxidize pool water, Potassium monopersulfate reacts with bather and other organic wastes, which are primarily nitrogen based compounds, to form chloramines.


These by-products have a foul odor and are considered unpleasant.
Potassium monopersulfate also reacts with the nitrogen- based compounds introduced by bathers, but because it does not contain chlorine, does not form chloramines in its oxidation process.


Also, Potassium monopersulfate dissolves quickly, and does not fade liners.
Potassium monopersulfate works well with chlorine, arguably allowing chlorine to work more efficiently as a sanitizer.


While there is no specific test to determine when and how much Potassium monopersulfate should be applied, there are guidelines that can be followed to ensure proper use.
The primary parameters to be tested are free and combined chlorine.


Free chlorine should always be tested, and adjusted if necessary, to ensure proper sanitizer levels.
Testing combined chlorine indicates the level of contaminants bound to chlorine and the need for supplemental oxidation.
Pool and hot tub water should be properly balanced.


This requires testing of the pool water balance parameters of pH, carbonate alkalinity, calcium hardness, and stabilizer (i.e., cyanuric acid).
In addition to testing the standard parameters, an overall assessment of pool and hot tub water and air quality should be performed.
Potassium monopersulfate has applications in denture cleansers, swimming pool oxidants, circuit board etchants, pulp recycling, wood cleaning and for other uses in which its combination of powerful oxidation and relative safety are useful.


Potassium monopersulfate is also known as MPS and it is widely used as an oxidizing agent.
Potassium monopersulfate is a stable, convenient, and widely used excellent acidic oxidant.
Bathers can re-enter the water after waiting a short period of time (usually one hour) to allow proper mixing and circulation.


The reaction byproducts are harmless sulfate salts.
Using Potassium monopersulfate is highly recommended for indoor pools, where there is no sunlight or wind to help break down and carry away combined chlorine.


For indoor pools, shocking with Potassium monopersulfate is recommended about once a week.
For all its limitations, Potassium monopersulfate does have its uses.
The most important point to remember is that while it is certainly a strong oxidant, Potassium monopersulfate is NOT a sanitizer, and therefore provides no protection against bacteria and viruses.


Potassium monopersulfate, a stable, convenient and excellent acidity oxidant, is widely used in industries.
Potassium monopersulfate is used in oral hygiene, pool and spa waterdisinfection, PCB etchant, Pulp bleach, wool fabrics shrink treatment agent, precious metal refining agent.


Potassium monopersulfate is also used in organic synthesis, such as epoxidizing the double bonds of organic molecule, or as initiator in many radical polymerization.
In addition, Potassium monopersulfate can oxidize the hydrogen sulfide or sulfur-containing substances in the waster water, provide oxygen in aquaculture, and bleach to remove stains at low temperature.


Potassium monopersulfate is widely used in swimming pools to keep the water clear, thus allowing chlorine in pools to work to sanitize the water rather than clarify the water, resulting in less chlorine needed to keep pools clean.
Potassium monopersulfate is a popular choice is a non-chlorine product with potassium monopersulfate as the active ingredient.


Potassium monopersulfate is a powerful oxidizer with several attractive properties.
Properly applied, Potassium monopersulfate will prevent the formation of new combined chlorine by eliminating organics in the water without creating more combined chlorine.


In addition, Potassium monopersulfate can oxidize the hydrogen sulfide or sulfur containing substances in wastewater, provide oxygen in aquaculture, and bleach to remove stains at a low temperature.
Potassium monopersulfate is used Oxidier Agent, Substitution for Halogen Oxidizer, and Enviromental Friendly.


Potassium monopersulfate is used in AquaculturePotassium Monopersulfate compound is a kind of acid oxidant, a free flowing white granularly powder, and soluble in water.
Potassium monopersulfate is a white, granular, free-fl owing peroxygen that provides powerful non-chlorine oxidation for a wide variety of uses.


Potassium monopersulfate is the active ingredient in most nonchlorine oxidizers used for pool and spa/hot tub oxidation.
Most non-chlorine oxidizers contain 45% of the active ingredient Potassium monopersulfate, but blended compositions are also commercially available that may contain buffers, clarifiers and/or additives for control of algae.


Potassium monopersulfate is not a sanitizer or algaecide and must be used in conjunction with an EPA-registered sanitizer.
The role of Potassium monopersulfate is to provide effective non-chlorine oxidation — in other words, to react with organic contaminants and maintain or restore water clarity.
Always follow label directions when using Potassium monopersulfate products to treat swimming pool and spa/hot tub water.


-Water Balance uses of Potassium monopersulfate:
Regardless of the type of shock used, Potassium monopersulfate is important to maintain proper water balance to protect equipment and pool surfaces from corrosion and scaling.
Some shocks containing Potassium monopersulfate are acidic and periodic checking of the alkalinity and pH should be performed.
Potassium monopersulfate, does not contain calcium and hence will not increase calcium levels or cloud the water like some calcium based shocks


-Cleaning uses of Potassium monopersulfate:
Potassium monopersulfate is used widely for cleaning.
Potassium monopersulfate whitens dentures, oxidizes organic contaminants in swimming pools, and cleans chips for the manufacture of microelectronics.


-Organic chemistry uses of Potassium monopersulfate:
Potassium monopersulfate is a versatile oxidant in organic synthesis.
Potassium monopersulfate oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids; in the presence of alcoholic solvents, the esters may be obtained.

Internal alkenes may be cleaved to two carboxylic acids (see below), while terminal alkenes may be epoxidized.
Sulfides give sulfones, tertiary amines give amine oxides, and phosphines give phosphine oxides.
Further illustrative of the oxidative power of this salt is the conversion of an acridine derivative to the corresponding acridine-N-oxide.
Potassium monopersulfate oxidizes sulfides to sulfoxides and then to sulfones.



BENEFITS OF POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
Potassium monopersulfate is a dynamic and potent biosecurity blend, effective against all types of pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.
Potassium monopersulfate can potentially destroy many pathogens of economic importance in aquaculture farming.
Therefore, Potassium monopersulfate can reduce the incidence of disease outbreaks and enhance survivability.
Potassium monopersulfate is biodegradable, eco-friendly & safe for human and animal life.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
Potassium monopersulfate has a very strong and effective non-chlorine oxidation ability, and the use and treatment process meets the requirements of safety and environmental protection.
Therefore, Potassium monopersulfate is widely used in industrial production and consumption.
In general, Potassium monopersulfate is relatively stable, and the decomposition reaction is easy to occur when the temperature is higher than 65.
More active, easy to participate in a variety of chemical reactions, Potassium monopersulfate can be used as oxidants, bleaching agents, catalysts, disinfectants, Etchants, etc.



ADVANTAGES OF POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
One of its greatest advantages is that bathers can reenter the water a short time after Potassium monopersulfate has been added - typically about 30 minutes.
Also, Potassium monopersulfate dissolves quickly, and does not fade liners, arguably allowing to work more efficiently as a sanitizer.
Using Potassium monopersulfate is highly recommended for indoor pools, where there is no sunlight or wind to help break down .
For indoor pools, shocking with Potassium monopersulfate is recommended about once a week.



PRODUCTION OF POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
Potassium monopersulfate is produced from peroxysulfuric acid, which is generated in situ by combining oleum and hydrogen peroxide.
Careful neutralization of this solution with potassium hydroxide allows the crystallization of the triple salt.



SWIMMING POOL SHOCK AND SPA, POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
Potassium monopersulfate can be added to pool water day or night, and swimming caroat, Potassium monopersulfate, virkon can resume after a short waiting period to allow for adequate mixing and dispersion throughout the pool.
No mixing is required; Potassium monopersulfate is completely soluble in water and dissolves quickly.

Broadcast monopersulfate shock slowly and uniformly over the surface of the water, adding about two-thirds of the total dose over the deep end.
Shock with the filter running to ensure complete mixing and good circulation.
Potassium monopersulfate is a versatile oxidant.

Potassium monopersulfate oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids; in the presence of alcoholic solvents, the esters may be obtained. Internal alkenes may be cleaved to two carboxylic acids, while terminal alkenes may be epoxidized.
Thioethers give sulfones, tertiary amines give amine oxides, and phosphines give phosphine oxides.

Potassium monopersulfate will also oxidize a thioether to a sulfone with 2 equivalents.
With one equivalent the reaction converting sulfide to sulfoxide is much faster than that of sulfoxide to sulfone, so the reaction can conveniently be stopped at that stage if so desired.



THE ADVANTAGES OF USING POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE IN SWIMMING POOLS TREATMENT:
*Maximum disinfection efficiency caused by oxidizing properties,
*Restores water cleanliness and transparency,
*Suitable for all types of swimming pools, spas, bathtubs,
*Significantly improves chlorination efficiency through quick oxidization of organic contaminants,
*Very quick action – facility is ready to use after 15 minutes,
*Harmless to swimming pool surfaces, causes no bleaching or discolouration of painted and vinyl-coated surfaces,
*No irritating odour, does not cause allergy as Potassium monopersulfate contains no chloride, aldehydes, alcohol,
*Potassium monopersulfate has no impact on water hardness.



PRODUCTION SITE OF POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
Potassium monopersulfate provides powerful non-chlorine oxidation for a wide variety of industrial and consumer uses.
Potassium monopersulfate’s applications may be found in oral hygiene formulations, pool and spa shock and disinfections, paper recycling, printed circuit board etching, wool shrink proofing, laundry bleaches, precious metal extraction process.

Potassium monopersulfate is an important auxiliary agent in organic synthesis for oxidizing plenty of organics and functioning as the epoxy oxidizer of the twin bonds of organic chemicals.
Potassium monopersulfate’s also a free radicle introductory agent in many polymeric reactions.

Potassium monopersulfate can be used to oxidize hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and other reduced sulfur compounds, such as mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides, and sulfites in waste water treatment.
Potassium monopersulfate’s also an oxygen releasing agent in aquiculture and low temperature bleaching agent in detergent formulations.



THE BEAUTY OF POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
There are some who have turned to Potassium monopersulfate as a means for shocking their pools.
Potassium monopersulfate is a non-chlorine oxidizer, whose chemical formula is KHSO5.
Potassium monopersulfate is a strong oxidant with an oxidation potential of similar magnitude to that of chlorine.
While Potassium monopersulfate is a powerful oxidizer, there are several important points to consider about this chemical.



WOOL SHRINKPROOFING OF POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
Potassium monopersulfate is more commonly known name as an oxidizer for wool shrinkproofing treatment.
Potassium monopersulfate is in the form of a granule, easily dissolved, and an aqueous solution contains the dissolved oxidizer is stable for sotrage at a temperature of 32 centigrade. a -S--S-bond is stopped at substantially mono-oxidized state.

Potassium monopersulfate is used odor control agent in wastewater treatment
Potassium monopersulfate is used bleach component in denture cleanser and laundry formulations
Potassium monopersulfate is used activator in antimicrobial compositions
Other uses of Potassium monopersulfate where its combination of powerful oxidation and relative.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
Molecular weight: 614.7
Appearance: White, free flowing granule
Available Oxygen, % =4.5
KHSO5, %=42.8
Loss on Drying, %=0.15
Bulk Density, g/L=0.80
pH (10g/L,25C): 2.0~2.4
Sieve Residue on 75m test sieve: =90.0
Chemical formula: KHSO5
Molar mass: 152.2 g/mol (614.76 g/mol as triple salt)
Appearance: Off-white powder
Solubility in water: Decomposes
Physical state: granular

Color: white
Odor: none
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: Decomposes before melting.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: Not applicable
Flammability (solid, gas): The product itself does not burn,
but it is slightly oxidizing
(active oxygen content ca. 2%).
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: does not flashNot applicable
Autoignition temperature: Not applicable
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 2,1 at 30 g/l at 77 °C

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility 357 g/l at 22 °C - soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 0,0000017 hPa
Density: 1,100 - 1,400 g/cm3
Relative density: 2,35 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: The substance or mixture is not classified as oxidizing.

Other safety information:
Bulk density 1.100 - 1.400 kg/m3
APPEARANCE: WHITE POWDER OR GRANULE
ACTIVE OXYGEN%: ≧4.50
ACTIVE COMPONENT(KHSO5)%: ≧42.80
WATER SOLUBILITY(G/L20C): 256
MOISTURE%: ≤0.1
BULKDENSITYG/CM*3: 1.00-1.30
PHTEST(10G/L,25C): 2.0-2.3
PARTICALSIZE(20-200MESH): ≧90.0
CAS: 70693-62-8
EINECS: 274-778-7

InChI: InChI=1/K.H2O6S/c;1-5-6-7(2,3)4/h;1H,(H,2,3,4)/q+1;/p-1/rHKO6S/c1-5-6-7-8(2,3)4/h(H,2,3,4)
InChIKey: HVAHYVDBVDILBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Molecular Formula: HKO6S
Molar Mass: 168.17
Density: 1.15
Melting Point: 93℃
Water Solubility: Soluble in water (100 mg/ml).
Solubility: 250-300g/l soluble
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Specific Gravity: 1.12-1.20
Color: white
Exposure Limit ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
PH: 2-3 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)

Storage Condition: Store at <= 20°C.
Stability: Stable.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
MDL: MFCD00040551
Appearance: free-flowing granule
KHSO5, %: ≥42.8
Active Component (KHSO5.KHSO4.K2SO4), %: ≥99
Moisture, %: ≤0.5
Bulk Density, g/L: 800-1200
pH(1%suspension): 2.0~2.3
Particle Size Distribution(0.850~0.075mm),%: ≥90.0
Stability ,active oxygen loss/month, %: ≤1.0
Solubility(20ºC,100g water),g: ≥14.5
CAS: 70693-62-8
EINECS: 274-778-7
InChI: InChI=1/K.H2O6S/c;1-5-6-7(2,3)4/h;1H,(H,2,3,4)/q+1;/p-1/rHKO6S/c1-5-6-7-8(2,3)4/h(H,2,3,4)
InChIKey: HVAHYVDBVDILBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M

Molecular Formula: HKO6S
Molar Mass: 168.17
Density: 1.15
Melting Point: 93℃
Water Solubility: Soluble in water (100 mg/ml).
Solubility: 250-300g/l soluble
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Specific Gravity: 1.12-1.20
Color: white
Exposure Limit ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
PH: 2-3 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Storage Condition: Store at <= 20°C.
Stability: Stable.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
MDL: MFCD00040551



FIRST AID MEASURES of POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Acid-resistant protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
hygroscopic
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8B:
Non-combustible



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available





POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE ( peroxymonosulfate de potassium; monopersulfate de potassium)
POTASSIUM MYRISTATE, N° CAS : 13429-27-1, Nom INCI : POTASSIUM MYRISTATE. Nom chimique : Potassium myristate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 236-550-5. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation
POTASSIUM MYRISTATE
SYNONYMS Nitre;Nitric Acid Potassium Salt; Saltpeter; Vicknite; Kalii Nitras; CAS NO. 7757-79-1
POTASSIUM NITRATE
POTASSIUM NITRATE Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula KNO 3. It is an ionic salt of potassium nitrate ions K+ and nitrate ions NO3−, and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate. It occurs in nature as a mineral, niter. It is a source of nitrogen, and nitrogen was named after niter. Potassium nitrate is one of several nitrogen-containing compounds collectively referred to as saltpeter or saltpetre. Major uses of potassium nitrate are in fertilizers, tree stump removal, rocket propellants and fireworks. It is one of the major constituents of gunpowder (black powder).[6] In processed meats, potassium nitrate reacts with hemoglobin and generates a pink color.[7] Etymology Potassium nitrate, because of its early and global use and production, has many names. Hebrew and Egyptian words for it had the consonants n-t-r, indicating likely cognation in the Greek nitron, which was Latinised to nitrum or nitrium. Thence Old French had niter and Middle English nitre. By the 15th century, Europeans referred to it as saltpeter[8] and later as nitrate of potash, as the chemistry of the compound was more fully understood. The Arabs called it "Chinese snow" (Arabic: ثلج الصين‎ thalj al-ṣīn). It was called "Chinese salt" by the Iranians/Persians[9][10][11][12][13] or "salt from Chinese salt marshes" (Persian: نمک شوره چينی‎ namak shūra chīnī).[14][15] Properties Potassium nitrate has an orthorhombic crystal structure at room temperature, which transforms to a trigonal system at 129 °C (264 °F). Potassium nitrate is moderately soluble in water, but its solubility increases with temperature. The aqueous solution is almost neutral, exhibiting pH 6.2 at 14 °C (57 °F) for a 10% solution of commercial powder. It is not very hygroscopic, absorbing about 0.03% water in 80% relative humidity over 50 days. It is insoluble in alcohol and is not poisonous; it can react explosively with reducing agents, but it is not explosive on its own.[3] Thermal decomposition Between 550–790 °C (1,022–1,454 °F), potassium nitrate reaches a temperature-dependent equilibrium with potassium nitrite:[16] 2 KNO3 ⇌ 2 KNO2 + O2 History of production From mineral sources In Ancient India, saltpeter manufacturers formed the Nuniya caste.[17] Saltpeter finds mention in Kautilya's Arthashastra (compiled 300BC - 300CE), which mentions using its poisonous smoke as a weapon of war,[18] although its use for propulsion did not appear until medieval times. A purification process for potassium nitrate was outlined in 1270 by the chemist and engineer Hasan al-Rammah of Syria in his book al-Furusiyya wa al-Manasib al-Harbiyya (The Book of Military Horsemanship and Ingenious War Devices). In this book, al-Rammah describes first the purification of barud (crude saltpeter mineral) by boiling it with minimal water and using only the hot solution, then the use of potassium nitrate carbonate (in the form of wood ashes) to remove calcium and magnesium by precipitation of their carbonates from this solution, leaving a solution of purified potassium nitrate, which could then be dried.[19] This was used for the manufacture of gunpowder and explosive devices. The terminology used by al-Rammah indicated a Chinese origin for the gunpowder weapons about which he wrote.[20] At least as far back as 1845, Chilean saltpeter deposits were exploited in Chile and California. From caves A major natural source of potassium nitrate was the deposits crystallizing from cave walls and the accumulations of bat guano in caves.[21] Extraction is accomplished by immersing the guano in water for a day, filtering, and harvesting the crystals in the filtered water. Traditionally, guano was the source used in Laos for the manufacture of gunpowder for Bang Fai rockets. LeConte Perhaps the most exhaustive discussion of the production of this material is the 1862 LeConte text.[22] He was writing with the express purpose of increasing production in the Confederate States to support their needs during the American Civil War. Since he was calling for the assistance of rural farming communities, the descriptions and instructions are both simple and explicit. He details the "French Method", along with several variations, as well as a "Swiss method". N.B. Many references have been made to a method using only straw and urine, but there is no such method in this work. French method Turgot and Lavoisier created the Régie des Poudres et Salpêtres a few years before the French Revolution. Niter-beds were prepared by mixing manure with either mortar or wood ashes, common earth and organic materials such as straw to give porosity to a compost pile typically 4 feet (1.2 m) high, 6 feet (1.8 m) wide, and 15 feet (4.6 m) long.[22] The heap was usually under a cover from the rain, kept moist with urine, turned often to accelerate the decomposition, then finally leached with water after approximately one year, to remove the soluble calcium nitrate which was then converted to potassium nitrate by filtering through potash. Swiss method LeConte describes a process using only urine and not dung, referring to it as the Swiss method. Urine is collected directly, in a sandpit under a stable. The sand itself is dug out and leached for nitrates which were then converted to potassium nitrate using potash, as above. From nitric acid From 1903 until the World War I era, potassium nitrate for black powder and fertilizer was produced on an industrial scale from nitric acid produced using the Birkeland–Eyde process, which used an electric arc to oxidize nitrogen from the air. During World War I the newly industrialized Haber process (1913) was combined with the Ostwald process after 1915, allowing Germany to produce nitric acid for the war after being cut off from its supplies of mineral sodium nitrates from Chile (see nitratite). Production Potassium nitrate can be made by combining ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate hydroxide. NH4NO3 (aq) + KOH (aq) → NH3 (g) + KNO3 (aq) + H2O (l) An alternative way of producing potassium nitrate without a by-product of ammonia is to combine ammonium nitrate, found in instant ice packs,[23] and potassium nitrate chloride, easily obtained as a sodium-free salt substitute. NH4NO3 (aq) + KCl (aq) → NH4Cl (aq) + KNO3 (aq) Potassium nitrate can also be produced by neutralizing nitric acid with potassium nitrate hydroxide. This reaction is highly exothermic. KOH (aq) + HNO3 → KNO3 (aq) + H2O (l) On industrial scale it is prepared by the double displacement reaction between sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate chloride. NaNO3 (aq) + KCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + KNO3 (aq) Uses Potassium nitrate has a wide variety of uses, largely as a source of nitrate. Nitric acid production Historically, nitric acid was produced by combining sulfuric acid with nitrates such as saltpeter. In modern times this is reversed: nitrates are produced from nitric acid produced via the Ostwald process. Oxidizer A demonstration of the oxidation of a piece of charcoal in molten potassium nitrate The most famous use of potassium nitrate is probably as the oxidizer in blackpowder. From the most ancient times until the late 1880s, blackpowder provided the explosive power for all the world's firearms. After that time, small arms and large artillery increasingly began to depend on cordite, a smokeless powder. Blackpowder remains in use today in black powder rocket motors, but also in combination with other fuels like sugars in "rocket candy". It is also used in fireworks such as smoke bombs.[24] It is also added to cigarettes to maintain an even burn of the tobacco[25] and is used to ensure complete combustion of paper cartridges for cap and ball revolvers.[26] It can also be heated to several hundred degrees to be used for niter bluing, which is less durable than other forms of protective oxidation, but allows for specific and often beautiful coloration of steel parts, such as screws, pins, and other small parts of firearms. Meat processing Potassium nitrate has been a common ingredient of salted meat since antiquity[27] or the Middle Ages.[28] The widespread adoption of nitrate use is more recent and is linked to the development of large-scale meat processing.[6] The use of potassium nitrate has been mostly discontinued because of slow and inconsistent results compared to sodium nitrite compounds such as "Prague powder" or pink "curing salt". Even so, potassium nitrate is still used in some food applications, such as salami, dry-cured ham, charcuterie, and (in some countries) in the brine used to make corned beef (sometimes together with sodium nitrite).[29] When used as a food additive in the European Union,[30] the compound is referred to as E252; it is also approved for use as a food additive in the United States[31] and Australia and New Zealand[32] (where it is listed under its INS number 252).[3] Food preparation In West African cuisine, potassium nitrate (saltpetre) is widely used as a thickening agent in soups and stews such as okra soup[33] and isi ewu. It is also used to soften food and reduce cooking time when boiling beans and tough meat. Saltpetre is also an essential ingredient in making special porridges, such as kunun kanwa[34] literally translated from the Hausa language as 'saltpetre porridge'. In the Shetland Islands (UK) it is used in the curing of mutton to make reestit mutton, a local delicacy.[35] Fertilizer Potassium nitrate is used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and potassium nitrate – two of the macronutrients for plants. When used by itself, it has an NPK rating of 13-0-44.[36][37] Pharmacology Used in some toothpastes for sensitive teeth.[38] Recently, the use of potassium nitrate in toothpastes for treating sensitive teeth has increased.[39][40] Used historically to treat asthma.[41] Used in some toothpastes to relieve asthma symptoms.[42] Used in Thailand as main ingredient in kidney tablets to relieve the symptoms of cystitis, pyelitis and urethritis.[43] Combats high blood pressure and was once used as a hypotensive.[44] Other uses Electrolyte in a salt bridge Active ingredient of condensed aerosol fire suppression systems. When burned with the free radicals of a fire's flame, it produces potassium nitrate carbonate.[45] Works as an aluminium cleaner. Component (usually about 98%) of some tree stump removal products. It accelerates the natural decomposition of the stump by supplying nitrogen for the fungi attacking the wood of the stump.[46] In heat treatment of metals as a medium temperature molten salt bath, usually in combination with sodium nitrite. A similar bath is used to produce a durable blue/black finish typically seen on firearms. Its oxidizing quality, water solubility, and low cost make it an ideal short-term rust inhibitor.[47] To induce flowering of mango trees in the Philippines.[48][49] Thermal storage medium in power generation systems. Sodium and potassium nitrate salts are stored in a molten state with the solar energy collected by the heliostats at the Gemasolar Thermosolar Plant. Ternary salts, with the addition of calcium nitrate or lithium nitrate, have been found to improve the heat storage capacity in the molten salts.[50] As a source of potassium nitrate ions for exchange with sodium ions in chemically strengthened glass. As an oxidizer in model rocket fuel called Rocket candy. In folklore and popular culture Potassium nitrate was once thought to induce impotence, and is still rumored to be in institutional food (such as military fare) as an anaphrodisiac; however, there is no scientific evidence for such properties.[51][52] In 1776 (musical), John Adams asks his wife Abigail to make saltpeter for the Continental Army. She, eventually, is able to do so in exchange for pins for sewing.[53] In the Star Trek episode "Arena", Captain Kirk injures a gorn using a rudimentary cannon that he constructed using potassium nitrate as a key ingredient. In 21 Jump Street, Jenko, played by Channing Tatum, gave a rhyming presentation about potassium nitrate for his chemistry class. Potassium nitrate[1] Potassium nitrate Potassium nitrate structure.svg Potassium nitrate ball-and-stick.png Potassium nitrate Other names Saltpeter Saltpetre Nitrate of potash[2] Identifiers Main hazards Oxidant, harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed on skin. Causes irritation to skin and eye area. Other anions Potassium nitrite Other cations Lithium nitrate Sodium nitrate Rubidium nitrate Caesium nitrate Related compounds Potassium nitrate sulfate Potassium nitrate chloride Supplementary data page Structure and properties Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc. Thermodynamic data Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS Potassium nitrate Potassium nitrate (KNO₃) is a soluble source of two major essential plant nutrients. It’s commonly used as a fertilizer for high-value crops that benefit from nitrate (NO₃-) nutrition and a source of potassium nitrate (K+) free of chloride (Cl⁻). Production Manufacturers typically make potassium nitrate fertilizer (sometimes referred to as nitrate of potash or NOP by reacting potassium nitrate chloride (KCl) with a nitrate source. Depending on the objectives and available resources, the nitrate may come from sodium nitrate, nitric acid or ammonium nitrate. The resulting KNO3 is identical regardless of the manufacturing process. Potassium nitrate is commonly sold as a water-soluble, crystalline material primarily intended for dissolving and applying with water or in a prilled form for soil application. Traditionally, this compound is known as saltpeter. Agricultural use Potassium Nitrate Growers value fertilizing with KNO₃ especially in conditions where a highly soluble, chloride-free nutrient source is needed. In such soils, all of the N is immediately available for plant uptake as nitrate, requiring no additional microbial action and soil transformation. Growers of high-value vegetable and orchard crops sometime prefer to use a nitrate-based source of nutrition in an effort to boost yield and quality. Potassium nitrate contains a relatively high proportion of K, with an N to K ratio of approximately one to three. Many crops have high K demands and can remove as much or more K than N at harvest. Applications of KNO₃ to the soil are made before the growing season or as a supplement during the growing season. A diluted solution is sometimes sprayed on plant foliage to stimulate physiological processes or to overcome nutrient deficiencies. Foliar application of K during fruit development advantages some crops, since this growth stage often coincides with high K demands during the time of declining root activity and nutrient uptake. It’s also commonly used for greenhouse plant production and hydroponic culture. Management practices Potassium nitrate Both N and K are required by plants to support harvest quality, protein formation, disease resistance and water-use efficiency. Therefore, to support healthy growth, farmers often apply KNO₃ to soil or through the irrigation system during the growing season. Potassium nitrate accounts for only a small portion of the global K fertilizer market. It’s primarily used where its unique composition and properties can provide specific benefits to growers. Further, it’s easy to handle and apply, and is compatible with many other fertilizers, including specialty fertilizers for many high-value specialty crops, as well as those used on grain and fiber crops. The relatively high solubility of KNO₃ under warm conditions allows for a more concentrated solution than for other common K fertilizers. However, farmers must carefully manage the water to keep the nitrate from moving below the root zone. Non-agricultural uses Potassium nitrate has long been used for fireworks and gunpowder. It’s now more commonly added to food to maintain the quality of meat and cheese. Specialty toothpastes often contain KNO₃ to alleviate tooth sensitivity. A mixture of KNO₃ and sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) is used for storing heat in solar energy installations. Saltpetre, also spelled Saltpeter, also called Nitre, or Niter, any of three naturally occurring nitrates, distinguished as (1) ordinary saltpetre, or potassium nitrate, KNO3; (2) Chile saltpetre, cubic nitre, or sodium nitrate, NaNO3; and (3) lime saltpetre, wall saltpetre, or calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2. These three nitrates generally occur as efflorescences caused by the oxidation of nitrogenous matter in the presence of the alkalis and alkaline earths. Ordinary Saltpetre. Potassium nitrate occurs as crusts on the surface of the Earth, on walls and rocks, and in caves; and it forms in certain soils in Spain, Italy, Egypt, Iran, and India. The deposits in the great limestone caves of Kentucky, Virginia, and Indiana have probably been derived from the overlying soil and accumulated by percolating water. In former times, the demand for saltpetre as an ingredient of gunpowder led to the formation of saltpetre plantations, or nitriaries, which were common in France, Germany, and other countries; the natural conditions were simulated by exposing heaps of decaying organic matter mixed with alkalis (lime, etc.) to atmospheric action. Potassium nitrate was used at one time in many different diseased conditions, especially asthma; but now it is rarely used medicinally, except as a diuretic. Its alleged value as a drug for suppressing sexual desire is purely imaginary. Potassium nitrate is white in colour and soluble in water; it has a vitreous lustre and a cool and salty taste. Potassium Nitrate Potassium nitrate (KNO3) is obtained through a reaction of NaNO3 and potassium nitrate chloride (KCl). It is an important input in the production of crystal, enamel for covering ceramic or metallic surfaces, metal treatments and gunpowder, among others. Toothpastes intended to prevent caries and to reduce painful sensitivity of the teeth are regulated as over-the-counter (OTC) anticaries drug products at Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR), Part 355. Such products may contain up to 5% potassium nitrate as a tooth desensitizing ingredient. Dentinal hypersensitivity occurs when gingival recession exposes dentin at the cervical margins of teeth. Twenty-four periodontal patients, with postoperative hypersensitive dentin were treated by burnishing saturated potassium nitrate (KNO3) to relieve pain. Using a visual analogue scale with participants acting as their own control, a subjective assessment of pain was measured and compared before and after KNO3 application. Thirty-six regions involving 98 teeth were assessed. A significant reduction of sensitivity and pain was achieved by using a saturated KNO3 solution ... Potassium nitrate has been used in a dentifrice or gel to alleviate dentinal hypersensitivity. The aim of this study was to compare a 3% potassium nitrate/0.2% sodium fluoride mouthwash with a 0.2% sodium fluoride control mouthwash in a 6-week double-blind study. Fifty subjects were evaluated using 2 tactile methods and cold air sensitivity (dental air syringe), along with subjective perception of pain (0 to 10 scale) at baseline and at 2 and 6 weeks. There was a general decrease in dentinal hypersensitivity levels in both groups over the 6-week study period as demonstrated by all 4 methods of assessment. There was also a statistically significant difference in decrease in sensitivity between the groups. /The authors concluded that/ this study showed that a 3% potassium nitrate/0.2% sodium fluoride mouthwash appears to have therapeutic potential to alleviate dentinal hypersensitivity. The effect on dentinal hypersensitivity from the use of a new dentifrice containing 5.0% potassium nitrate and 0.454% stannous fluoride in a silica base (Colgate Sensitive Maximum Strength Toothpaste, Colgate-Palmolive Co.) over an 8-week period was compared to a commercially available dentifrice containing 5.0% potassium nitrate and 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (positive control (Sensodyne Fresh Mint Toothpaste, Block Drug Company, Inc.)) and to a commercially available nondesensitizing dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (negative control (Colgate Winterfresh Gel, Colgate-Palmolive Co.)). A total of 120 participants were stratified into 3 balanced groups according to baseline mean air blast (thermal) and tactile (Yeaple Probe) sensitivity scores, gender, and age. Participants brushed their teeth twice daily (morning and evening) for 1 minute. Dentinal hypersensitivity examinations were conducted at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks by the same dental examiner. After 4- and 8-weeks' use of their assigned products, participants in the new dentifrice group demonstrated statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) in tactile and air blast sensitivity, as compared to those using the positive and negative control dentifrices. A multicenter clinical trial conducted by the authors compared the desensitizing efficacy of a new 5 percent potassium nitrate: 0.243 percent sodium fluoride dentifrice along with two clinically proven, commercially available desensitizing dentifrices to a placebo dentifrice. Sensitivity to cold air and tactile stimulation, along with patients' subjective assessments, were evaluated to assess the dentinal desensitizing efficacy of the test dentifrices. Results demonstrated that after four weeks, participants who used the new dentifrice formulation experienced significant decreases in dentinal sensitivity compared to the placebo group for all measured indexes. BACKGROUND: Potassium nitrate has been used previously in a dentifrice or gel to alleviate dentinal hypersensitivity. The aim of this study was to compare a 3% potassium nitrate/0.2% sodium fluoride mouthwash with a 0.2% sodium fluoride control mouthwash in a 6-week double-blind study. METHODS: Fifty subjects were evaluated using 2 tactile methods and cold air sensitivity (dental air syringe), along with subjective perception of pain (0 to 10 scale) at baseline and at 2 and 6 weeks. RESULTS: There was a general decrease in dentinal hypersensitivity levels in both groups over the 6-week study period as demonstrated by all 4 methods of assessment. There was also a statistically significant difference in decrease in sensitivity between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that a 3% potassium nitrate/0.2% sodium fluoride mouthwash appears to have therapeutic potential to alleviate dentinal hypersensitivity. Following deep restorations in vital teeth, postoperative pain of various durations frequently occurs, even if the teeth were asymptomatic before treatment. In this study, a potassium nitrate-polycarboxylate cement was used as a liner and was found clinically to tend to preserve pulpal vitality and significantly eliminate or decrease postoperative pain. Potassium Nitrate - KNO3 What is Potassium Nitrate (KNO3)? KNO3 is a chemical compound with chemical name Potassium Nitrate. Potassium nitrate also called saltpeter or niter, a white solid soluble in water formed by fractional crystallization of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate chloride solutions. It occurs naturally as niter in rocks in India, South Africa and Brazil. When heated it decomposes to give the nitrite and oxygen. Unlike sodium nitrate it is non-deliquescent. Potassium nitrate is used in gunpowder, fertilizers and in the laboratory preparation of nitric acid. Potassium nitrate is the most common desensitizing agent in over-the-counter dentifrices. At a concentration of 5%, potassium nitrate in conjunction with sodium or monofluorophosphate fluoride significantly reduces symptoms within 2 weeks of daily use. Potassium nitrate ions penetrate the length of the dentinal tubule and block repolarization of the nerve ending. Frequent and regular application of a potassium nitrate dentifrice is necessary to avoid recurrence of symptoms, maintain a high abundance of extracellular potassium nitrate ions, and maintain the inter dental nerves in a hyperpolarized state. Potassium nitrate, often called saltpeter, occurs as an efflorescence in caverns and on soils in arid regions. Synthesis of Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) Potassium nitrate is a salt. It is prepared by neutralizing an acid. When potassium nitrate hydroxide neutralizes nitric acid potassium nitrate is formed. KOH + HNO3 → KNO3 + H2O Neutralizing nitric acid always makes “nitrate” salts. Other acids make other types of salts. Potassium nitrate contains potassium nitrate (a soft, light, and silver metal), oxygen, and nitrogen (a colourless and odourless gas). It is an alkali metal nitrate because it is an ionic salt of potassium nitrate ions K+ ions and nitrate ions NO3−. It is solid white or sometimes white to dirty grey in colour. Potassium nitrate is soluble in hot water. This compound releases oxygen when heated or decomposed. It is a strong oxidizing agent It is widely used in the removal of the stump, fireworks, fertilizers, etc. It is a major constituent of black powder and food preservation techniques. Properties of Potassium Nitrate – KNO3 KNO3 Potassium Nitrate Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass 101.1032 g/mol Density 2.109 g/cm3 Boiling Point 400 °C Melting Point 334 °C Potassium Nitrate structure (KNO3 Structure) Potassium Nitrate - KNO3 Potassium Nitrate Structure Potassium Nitrate (KNO3 ) Uses It is used as a form of fertilizer as it contains all the macronutrients needed for the plants to grow. It is used as gunpowder in explosives such as bombs, grenades, etc. Used in the manufacturing and production of cigarettes. It is used extensively used in the preservation of hides It has medicinal applications such as a diuretic in medicine Used in toothpaste to make the teeth less sensitive to pain Used in the food industry to preserve meat against microbial agents Potassium Nitrate (KNO3 ) Health Hazards Potential exposure – Potassium Nitrate is used in chemical analysis, as a food additive in fertilizers in medications as a vasodilator and as antidote for cyanide poisoning. Short term exposure – Potassium nitrate can affect when breathed in. Contact can cause eye and skin burns. Breathing the dust or mist can irritate the nose, throat and lungs and may cause coughing with phlegm. Higher exposures can cause pulmonary edema, a medical emergency that can be delayed for several hours. This can cause death. Long term exposure – Repeated skin contact causes dermatitis, drying and cracking. May cause lung irritation, bronchitis may develop. There is limited evidence that potassium nitrite may damage the developing fetus. Medical surveillance – If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may be useful, blood test for methemoglobin. Lung function tests. Consider chest X-ray after acute overexposure. Potassium nitrate is an inorganic salt which has a molecular KNO3 formula. This is a common form of nitrate which has been used for numerous uses as a component, including agricultural preservatives, fertilizers, tree stump removal, rocket propellants, which fireworks. Potassium nitrate is a common active ingredient that exerts an anti-sensitive effect in toothpaste. It offers enhanced protection against the painful sensitivity of the teeth to ice, sun, acids, sweets or touch. Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs Is potassium nitrate harmful to humans? A number of health hazards can present potassium nitrate. It can trigger breathing issues when inhaled, including coughing and shortness of breath. Contact with the skin or eye can lead to discomforts such as redness, itching, and pain. What contains potassium nitrate? Potassium nitrate is a nitric acid crystalline potassium nitrate salt. Many products in households, agriculture, and industry use potassium nitrate. For solar power plants, there are examples of toothpaste, fertilizers, fireworks, pesticides and molten salt. Is potassium nitrate safe in toothpaste? There is often confusion between nitrates and nitrites. The FDA recognizes nitrates used in potassium nitrate as secure and efficient for use in anti-sensitive dental products. Additionally, temporary pain relief is provided by delicate toothpaste. What are the dangers of potassium nitrate? Contact can trigger irritation of the eyes and skin. Potassium nitrate respiration may irritate the nose and throat causing sneezing and coughing. High concentrations may interfere with the blood’s capacity to carry oxygen that causes headache, tiredness, dizziness, and blue skin and lips. What is potassium nitrite used for? In the production of heat transfer salts, potassium nitrite is used. Potassium nitrite as a food additive E249 is a sodium nitrite-like preservative and is approved for use in the EU, USA, Australia and New Zealand. Is potassium nitrate harmful to humans? Potassium nitrate when breathed in will impact you. * Touch can cause discomfort to the eyes and skin. * Potassium nitrate for breathing can irritate the nose and throat causing sneezing and coughing.” Is potassium nitrate a carcinogen? Nither IARC nor the EPA have listed carcinogenicity nitrates. There are however several potential mechanisms that can metabolize nitrates to N-nitroso compounds, some of which are carcinogenic. What plants benefit from potassium nitrate? Potassium nitrate grows good lawns by encouraging deep-rooted lush, robust stems. By supporting solid stems and well-developed flowers it benefits roses and other flowering plants. The farmers depend on potassium nitrate to grow good crops. Plants which are rich in carbohydrates like potatoes need potassium nitrate to develop tuber.
POTASSIUM OCTOATE
Potassium octoate is a salt of caproic acid and potassium that is used as a food additive.
Potassium octoate can be used to prevent the development of rancidity in oils made with unsaturated fatty acids.
Potassium octoate has also been shown to have beneficial effects on the heart, such as slowing the heart rate and reducing arrhythmias.

CAS: 764-71-6
MF: C8H17KO2
MW: 184.32
EINECS: 212-130-7

Potassium octoate has been shown to have physiological effects in humans, including lowering serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels.
Potassium octoate has also been shown to reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
Potassium octoate is a salt of caproic acid and potassium that is used as a food additive.
Potassium octoate can be used to prevent the development of rancidity in oils made with unsaturated fatty acids.
Potassium octoate has also been shown to have beneficial effects on the heart, such as slowing the heart rate and reducing arrhythmias.

Potassium octoate has been shown to have physiological effects in humans, including lowering serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels.
Potassium octoate has also been shown to reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
Potassium octanoate, also known as Potassium octanoate, is a useful research compound.
Potassium octoate's molecular formula is C8H15KO2 and its molecular weight is 182.3 g/mol.
The purity is usually 95%.

Potassium octoate Chemical & Physical Properties
Boiling Point: 239.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 16.5ºC
Molecular Formula: C8H15KO2
Molecular Weight: 182.302
Flash Point: 107.4ºC
Exact Mass: 182.070908
PSA: 40.13000
LogP: 1.09680

Synonyms
Potassium octanoate
764-71-6
Potassium caprylate
Potassium octoate
potassium;octanoate
EINECS 212-130-7
Octanoic acid, potassium salt (1:1)
UNII-7CND0TX59N
7CND0TX59N
Caprylic acid, potassium salt
OCTANOIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT
potassium n-octanoate
potassium octylate
SCHEMBL26223
CHEMBL3894810
DTXSID9052507
POTASSIUM CAPRYLATE [INCI]
CAPRYLIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT
EC 686
AKOS006220435
K 977
Q27268087
POTASSIUM OCTOATE
DESCRIPTION:

Potassium octoate is a salt of caproic acid and potassium that is used as a food additive.
Potassium octoate can be used to prevent the development of rancidity in oils made with unsaturated fatty acids.
Potassium octoate has also been shown to have beneficial effects on the heart, such as slowing the heart rate and reducing arrhythmias.

CAS: 764-71-6
EINECS 212-130-7
IUPAC Name: potassium;octanoic acid
Molecular Formula: C8H16KO2+


Potassium octoate has been shown to have physiological effects in humans, including lowering serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels.
Potassium octoate has also been shown to reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

Potassium Octoate (EGECat Potassium 15%) is an effective promoter with cobalt octoate used in low color applications.
Potassium Octoate is soluble in organic solvents and oils, and it has a potassium metal content of 15% and a total solids content of 80%.

FEATURES OF POTASSIUM OCTOATE:
Potassium octoate dissolved in diethylene glycol which combined with cobalt supports the accelerating effect in unsaturated polyesters dissolved in styrene
Potassium octoate is an effective primary trimerization catalyst for use in the production of rigid urethane foams
Potassium octoate Decreases discoloration of UPS-Systems caused by cobalt


Potassium octoate is Capable of stabilizing the rheological and the pot life behavior of water-based two-component PU systems
Potassium octoate is Completely miscible with water, alcohols and other polar solvents

APPLICATIONS OF POTASSIUM OCTOATE:
Potassium octoate is used in Rigid Urethane Foams
Potassium octoate is used in Unsaturated polyesters in solvent-containing and water-based systems


DOSAGE:
The approximate dosage is 0.2 – 1.0 %, relative to total formulation.
The ideal dosage of 15 % could be considerably different for different field of application and has to be determined in trials for each system.

STORAGE OF POTASSIUM OCTOATE:
Protect from the effects of weathering and store at temperatures between 5 and 30 °C.
Once opened, containers should be resealed immediately after each removal of the product.
With prolonged storage of opened containers it is advisable to scavenge the vapour space above the product with nitrogen before resealing the containers.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT POTASSIUM OCTOATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM OCTOATE:
Molecular Weight 183.31 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 2
Rotatable Bond Count 6
Exact Mass 183.07873623 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
Monoisotopic Mass 183.07873623 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 37.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count 11
Formal Charge 1
Complexity 89.3
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Molecular Formula C8H17KO2
Molar Mass 184.32
Boling Point 239.3°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point 107.4°C
Vapor Presure 0.022mmHg at 25°C
Metal content K: 14.90 – 15.20 %
Non-volatile content >= 92.0 % D1644
Viscosity 3000 – 6000 cPs
Density 1.090 – 1.120 g/cm³ 25°C, D1963
Substance Type:
Chemical Substance
Systematic Name: Octanoic acid, potassium salt (1:1)
CAS Number: 764-71-6
EPA Registry Name: Potassium octanoate
Molecular Weight: 183.31
Molecular Formula: C8H16O2.K
Melting point:
16.5 deg C
Boiling point:
239.3 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point:
107.4 °C
Precise Quality:
182.07100
PSA:
40.13000
logP:
1.09680
Appearance:
DryPowder; Liquid
Color/Form:
SOLIDIFIES TO LEAFY CRYSTALS WHEN COLD
Colorless
Oily liquid
Water Solubility:
Very slightly sol in water (0.068 g/100 g at 20 deg C); freely sol in alcohol, chloroform, ether, carbon disulfide, petroleum ether, glacial acetic acid
Miscible in ethanol, chloroform, acetonitrile
In water 789 mg/L at 30 deg C











SYNONYMS OF POTASSIUM OCTOATE:
Potassium octoate
C8H16O2
RLEFZEWKMQQZOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LS-97999
UNII-7CND0TX59N
POTASSIUM OCTOATE
potassium octanoate
POTASSIUM CAPRYLATE
Potassium caprylate
Potassium octanoate
POTASSIUM N-OCTANOATE
Potassium Octoate (Jd K-15)
OCTANOIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT
Caprylic acid potassium salt
Caprylic acid, potassium salt
Octanoic acid, potassium salt


POTASSIUM OLEATE
Potassium Oleate is a liquid potassium soap solution in water.
Potassium Oleate is used as an emulsifier in many liquid soaps, facial cleansers, mustache waxes, body washes and hair permanents.
Emulsifiers act like surfactants and reduce the surface tension of a liquid.

CAS: 143-18-0
MF: C18H33KO2
MW: 320.55
EINECS: 205-590-5

Potassium Oleate is also known as Potassium Salt of Oleic Acid, Oleic Acid Potassium Salt, Potassium 9-Octadecenoate.
Potassium Oleate is both a potassium salt of oleic acid and fatty acid.
Potassium Oleate is a salt because it is the product of an acid and a base.
Potassium Oleate is a fatty acid because it has a long carbon backbone with a carboxyl group terminus.
Potassium Oleate prevents the ingredients in these products from separating into separate chemicals.
The FDA says Potassium Oleate “may be safely used in food and in the manufacture of food components” as long as Potassium Oleate is used as “a binder, emulsifier and anti-caking agent.

Potassium Oleate can also be used us cleansing agent in household cleaning products.
Potassium Oleate also can used as rubber foaming agent, detergent, lubricants and catalyst.
This Potassium Oleate is widely demanded in the international market due to its high effectiveness, eco-friendliness and purity, and is offered in different grades to meet the varied needs of our clients.
Potassium oleate, another name is Potassium cis-9-octadecenoate.
The chemical formula is C18H33KO2.
Potassium oleate is a brown solid or a transparent amber liquid.

Potassium Oleate is fatty acid potassium found in natural soaps.
Potassium Oleate is a liquid potassium soap solution in water.
Potassium Oleate is used as an emulsifier in many liquid soaps, facial cleansers, mustache waxes, body washes and hair permanents.
Emulsifiers act like surfactants and reduce the surface tension of a liquid.
Potassium Oleate is a natural constituent of vegetable oils like sunflower oil.
Potassium Oleate is used in soapmaking to make vegetable glycerin soaps.
In its pure form, Potassium Oleate can be an irritant, however, in soap making it is reduced down and is approved as food safe when it is used as a binding ingredient.

Potassium Oleate Chemical Properties
Density: >1.1 g/cm3
Fp: 140 °C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Water Solubility: Soluble in water
Form: powder to crystal
Color: Pale white powder
Merck: 14,7650
BRN: 4167152
Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB): 20
InChIKey: MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M
LogP: 3.920 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 143-18-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Potassium oleate (143-18-0)

Uses
Potassium Oleate is the potassium salt of oleic acid. it is used as a binder, emulsifier, and anticaking agent.
Potassium Oleate can be used as a compound disinfectant.
Potassium Oleate used as emulsifier and cleaning agent.
Potassium Oleate is a potassium catalyst widely used in polyisocyanate foam reaction.
Potassium Oleate liquid and solid are mainly used as catalysts for polyisohydrourea reaction in polyurethane foam, and can also be used as emulsifier, foaming agent, cleaning agent, lubricant and surfactant.
Analytical reagents, emulsifiers, detergents.

Potassium oleate is a potassium catalyst and a trimerization catalyst for polyurethane rigid polyisocyanurate.
Potassium Oleate is widely used in polyurethane insulation board PIR foam system.
In addition, potassium oleate is also widely used in rubber emulsifiers, foaming agents, release agents, detergents, lubricants, fiber softeners and surfactants.
Potassium Oleate is used as an emulsifier in many liquid soaps, facial cleansers, mustache waxes, body washes and hair permanents.
Emulsifiers act like surfactants and reduce the surface tension of a liquid.
Potassium Oleate prevents the ingredients in these products from separating into separate chemicals.

Reactivity Profile
Salts, basic, such as Potassium Oleate, are generally soluble in water.
The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0.
They react as bases to neutralize acids.
These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines.
They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.

Health Hazard
Inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose and throat, coughing, and sneezing.
Ingestion causes mild irritation of mouth and stomach.
Contact with eyes causes irritation.

Fire Hazard
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors and toxic gases, such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, may be formed when involved in fire.

Synonyms
Potassium oleate
143-18-0
Oleic acid potassium salt
potassium;(Z)-octadec-9-enoate
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, potassium salt
74WHF607EU
potassium 9-(Z)-octadecenoate
Trenamine D-200
Trenamine D-201
Caswell No. 698B
Oleic acid, potassium salt
CHEMBL3122151
Potassium cis-9-octadecenoate
POTASSIUM CIS-9-OCTADECENOIC ACID
HSDB 5643
Potassium 9-octadecenoate, (Z)-
Potassium 9-octadecenoate
EINECS 205-590-5
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079095
UNII-74WHF607EU
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, potassium salt
9-Octadecenoic acid, potassium salt
SCHEMBL36767
POTASSIUM OLEATE [MI]
POTASSIUM OLEATE [INCI]
DTXSID0025949
POTASSIUM OLEATE [VANDF]
C18H33KO2
MFCD00064243
AS-81708
O0056
E-470(II)OLEIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT
E75924
INS-470(II)OLEIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT
POTASSIUM CIS-9-OCTADECENOIC ACID [HSDB]
INS NO.470(II)OLEIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, potassium salt (1:1)
J-007758
Q27266310
POTASSIUM OLEATE
Potassium Oleate IUPAC Name potassium;(Z)-octadec-9-enoate Potassium Oleate InChI 1S/C18H34O2.K/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;/h9-10H,2-8,11-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);/q;+1/p-1/b10-9-; Potassium Oleate InChI Key MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M Potassium Oleate Canonical SMILES CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].[K+] Potassium Oleate Isomeric SMILES CCCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].[K+] Potassium Oleate Molecular Formula C18H33KO2 Potassium Oleate CAS 143-18-0 Potassium Oleate Deprecated CAS 343340-74-9 Potassium Oleate UNII 74WHF607EU Potassium Oleate DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID0025949 Potassium Oleate Physical Description DryPowder; Liquid; OtherSolid; WetSolid Potassium Oleate Color/Form YELLOWISH OR BROWNISH, SOFT MASS OR CRYSTALS Potassium Oleate Odor FAINT SOAPY ODOR Potassium Oleate Melting Point Starts to decompose at approximately 428° F Potassium Oleate Flash Point 140 °F CC Potassium Oleate Solubility greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 70° F Potassium Oleate Density greater than 1.1 at 68 °F Potassium Oleate Refractive Index INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.452 Potassium Oleate Molecular Weight 320.6 g/mol Potassium Oleate Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0 Potassium Oleate Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 2 Potassium Oleate Rotatable Bond Count 15 Potassium Oleate Exact Mass 320.211762 g/mol Potassium Oleate Monoisotopic Mass 320.211762 g/mol Potassium Oleate Topological Polar Surface Area 40.1 Ų Potassium Oleate Heavy Atom Count 21 Potassium Oleate Formal Charge 0 Potassium Oleate Complexity 239 Potassium Oleate Isotope Atom Count 0 Potassium Oleate Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Potassium Oleate Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Potassium Oleate Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 1 Potassium Oleate Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Potassium Oleate Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2 Potassium Oleate Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Potassium Oleate Industry Uses: Adhesives and sealant chemicals Lubricants and lubricant additives Process regulators Processing aids, not otherwise listed Surface active agents liquid soap Potassium Oleate Consumer Uses: Adhesives and sealants Floor coverings Foam seating and bedding products Laundry and dishwashing products Lubricants and greases Paints and coatings Personal care products Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere foam components of mattresses Potassium Oleate Application: 1.It is a potassium catalyst, which is widely used in polyisocyanate foam reaction Potassium Oleate 2.Potassium Oleate liquid and solid is mainly used as a catalyst for the reaction of polyisohydrourate in polyurethane foam, and can also be used as an emulsifier, foaming agent, cleaning agent, lubricant and surfactant Potassium Oleate can be used to synthesize uncoagulative oleic acid magnetic ultrafine particles.Potassium Oleate is generally immediately available in most volumes, including bulk quantities.Potassium Oleate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Potassium Oleate is a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa).Potassium Oleate is classified under CAS No.143-18-0.Potassium Oleate is also known as Potassium Salt of Oleic Acid, Oleic Acid Potassium Salt, Potassium 9-Octadecenoate.Potassium Oleate is both a potassium salt of oleic acid and fatty acid . It is a salt because it is the product of an acid and a base. It is a fatty acid because it has a long carbon backbone with a carboxyl group terminus.Potassium Oleate is a liquid potassium soap solution in water.Potassium Oleate is used as an emulsifier in many liquid soaps, facial cleansers, mustache waxes, body washes and hair permanents. Emulsifiers act like surfactants and reduce the surface tension of a liquid.Potassium Oleate prevents the ingredients in these products from separating into separate chemicals.The FDA says Potassium Oleate “may be safely used in food and in the manufacture of food components” as long as it is used as “a binder, emulsifier and anti-caking agent.Potassium Oleate can also be used us cleansing agent in household cleaning products.Potassium Oleate also can used as rubber foaming agent, detergent, lubricants and catalyst.This Potassium Oleate is widely demanded in the international market due to its high effectiveness, eco-friendliness and purity, and is offered in different grades to meet the varied needs of our clients. Moreover, we are offering the entire range at an affordable cost to our clients.Potassium Oleate is a potassium catalyst and a trimerization catalyst for polyurethane rigid polyisocyanurate.Acme Synthetic Chemicals is the Manufacturer, Supplier & also Exporter of Potassium Oleate.Potassium Oleate classifies under CAS No.143-18-0.Potassium Oleate (CAS No.143-18-0) also known as Potassium Salt of Oleic Acid.The Acme Synthetic Chemicals is one of the reputed organizations engaged in providing superior quality Potassium Oleate (Potassium Salt of Oleic Acid, CAS No.143-18-0)to our esteemed clients.Potassium Oleate (Potassium Salt of Oleic Acid, CAS No.143-18-0) is both a potassium salt of oleic acid and fatty acid . It is a salt because it is the product of an acid and a base. It is a fatty acid because it has a long carbon backbone with a carboxyl group terminus.Potassium Oleate (Potassium Salt of Oleic Acid, CAS No.143-18-0) is a liquid potassium soap solution in water.Potassium Oleate (Potassium Salt of Oleic Acid, CAS No.143-18-0) is used as an emulsifier in many liquid soaps, facial cleansers, mustache waxes, body washes and hair permanents. Emulsifiers act like surfactants and reduce the surface tension of a liquid.Potassium Oleate (Potassium Salt of Oleic Acid, CAS No.143-18-0) prevents the ingredients in these products from separating into separate chemicals.The FDA says Potassium Oleate (Potassium Salt of Oleic Acid, CAS No.143-18-0) "may be safely used in food and in the manufacture of food components" as long as it is used as "a binder, emulsifier and anti-caking agent.Potassium Oleate (Potassium Salt of Oleic Acid, CAS No.143-18-0) can also be used us cleansing agent in household cleaning products.Potassium Oleate(Potassium Salt of Oleic Acid, CAS No.143-18-0) also can used as rubber foaming agent, detergent, lubricants and catalyst.We are engaged in offering our clients a highly effective range of Potassium Oleate (Potassium Salt of Oleic Acid, CAS No.143-18-0). The offered range is processed using exceptional grade chemical compounds as per the international quality norms by our dexterous professionals.This Potassium Oleate (Potassium Salt of Oleic Acid, CAS No.143-18-0) is widely demanded in the international market due to its high effectiveness, eco-friendliness & purity.Potasyum Oleat Chemical Properties:Gray-tan paste. Soluble in water and alcohol. Combustible.Potasyum Oleat Uses:Detergent.Potasyum Oleat Uses:Potassium Oleate is the potassium salt of oleic acid. it is used as a binder, emulsifier, and anticaking agent.Potasyum Oleat General Description:Brown solid or clear to amber liquid with a soapy odor. Sinks and mixes slowly with water.Potasyum Oleat Air & Water Reactions:Water soluble. Gives basic aqueous solution.Potasyum Oleat Reactivity Profile:Salts, basic, such as OLEIC ACID, [POTASSIUM SALT], are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.Potasyum Oleat Health Hazard:Inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose and throat, coughing, and sneezing. Ingestion causes mild irritation of mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes causes irritation.Potasyum Oleat Fire Hazard:Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors and toxic gases, such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, may be formed when involved in fire.Potassium Oleate Safety Profile:An eye irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of K2O.Potassium Oleate Purification Methods:Recrystallise it from EtOH (1g/mL). [Beilstein 2 H 465, 2 I 196, 2 I 202, 2 II 436, 2 III 1404, 2 IV 1646.]Potassium Oleate Potassium Oleate Preparation Products And Raw materials:Potassium Oleate Raw materials:Formaldehyde Dimethylamine.BIOCIDAL EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS WERE TESTED ON SEVERAL FOREST INSECT PESTS, INCL BALSAM WOOLLY APHID, SPRUCE GALL APHID, WESTERN BLACKHEADED BUDWORM, FALSE HEMLOCK LOOPER, FOREST-TENT CATERPILLAR, & DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH. FOR ALMOST ALL SPECIES, THE MOST EFFECTIVE SALTS CAUSING MORTALITY WERE CENTERED AROUND POTASSIUM OLEATE IN THE UNSATURATED C18 SALTS.First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light, and store it in a freezer. Salts, basic, such as OLEIC ACID, [POTASSIUM SALT], are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.Potassium Oleate is generally immediately available in most volumes, including bulk quantities. American Elements can produce most materials in high purity and ultra high purity (up to 99.99999%) forms and follows applicable ASTM testing standards; a range of grades are available including Mil Spec (military grade), ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade, Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade, Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia). We can also produce materials to customer specifications by request, in addition to custom compositions for commercial and research applications and new proprietary technologies. Typical and custom packaging is available, as is additional research, technical and safety (MSDS) data.Acme Synthetic Chemicals is the Manufacturer, Supplier and also the Exporter of Potassium Oleate.Potassium Oleate is classified under CAS No.143-18-0.Potassium Oleate is also known as Potassium Salt of Oleic Acid, Oleic Acid Potassium Salt, Potassium 9-Octadecenoate.Potassium Oleate is both a potassium salt of oleic acid and fatty acid . It is a salt because it is the product of an acid and a base. It is a fatty acid because it has a long carbon backbone with a carboxyl group terminus.Potassium Oleate is a liquid potassium soap solution in water.Potassium Oleate is used as an emulsifier in many liquid soaps, facial cleansers, mustache waxes, body washes and hair permanents. Emulsifiers act like surfactants and reduce the surface tension of a liquid.Potassium Oleate prevents the ingredients in these products from separating into separate chemicals.The FDA says Potassium Oleate “may be safely used in food and in the manufacture of food components” as long as it is used as “a binder, emulsifier and anti-caking agent.Potassium Oleate can also be used us cleansing agent in household cleaning products.Potassium Oleate also can used as rubber foaming agent, detergent, lubricants and catalyst.This Potassium Oleate is widely demanded in the international market due to its high effectiveness, eco-friendliness and purity, and is offered in different grades to meet the varied needs of our clients. Moreover, we are offering the entire range at an affordable cost to our clients.Potassium oleate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Potassium oleate is a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa).Basic cleaning compositions using toxicologically-acceptable ingredients for cleaning fruits and vegetables are provided. Clear liquid formulations comprising oleate, alcohol ethoxylates and buffers are sprayed onto apples, lettuce and the like to remove soil and unwanted deposits.The present invention relates to methods for removing dirt and other unwanted residues from produce, e.g., fruits and vegetables, which is intended for ingestion by humans or lower animals and to detersive compositions, especially in liquid form, which are especially suitable for practicing said methods.It is well-known and appreciated by consumers that fruits and vegetables should be thoroughly washed prior to ingestion in order to remove soils and other unwanted residues which may be undesirably clinging to the surfaces thereof. In addition, some consumers wish to remove the artificial "waxy" coatings which may be applied to some fruits to retard moisture loss for increased storage life and to enhance their appearance. It has been estimated that 95% of consumers recognize the need for thorough washing but, ordinarily, only use tap water for this purpose. On the order of 5% of those consumers who do wash their vegetables use a household cleaner, typically a liquid dishwashing product, to help ensure cleanliness. However, dishwashing products are not specifically intended for such use, inasmuch as they are usually designed to provide high, persistent suds which makes them inconvenient to remove from the fruits or vegetables which have been washed therewith. It will also be appreciated that the formulation of truly effective compositions, especially those which can be used safely by individual consumers, for washing fruits and vegetables presents a unique problem to the formulator, inasmuch as many an-disclosed cleaning ingredients would, presumably, not be desirable for use in direct contact with foods where they might not be fully removed.Moreover, it would be especially desirable to provide effective, toxicologically-acceptable cleaning compositions for fruits and vegetables in the form of substantially low-sudsing liquid solutions which are clear or which have only minimal haziness. Liquid solutions are convenient for the user, since they can be applied directly to soiled fruits and vegetables, followed by rinsing in tap water. The clarity of the liquids connotes cleanliness to the user and is thus highly desirable. Low sudsing is an important attribute so that removal of the solution by rinsing is achieved quickly and easily. It would also be of advantage if such compositions could be provided in the form of concentrates, which could be diluted by the consumer before use and/or applied to the fruits and vegetables as a direct spray-on.Unfortunately, many toxicologically-acceptable cleaning ingredients do not meet the aforesaid requirements for clear, low-sudsing, dilutable liquid products. Many detersive surfactants form cloudy or even opaque suspensions in water. Of course, many surfactants are specifically designed to be high sudsing. Still others form relatively intractable phases in their concentrated form.It has now been discovered that certain nonionic surfactants, properly formulated with oleic acid or water-soluble oleate or laurate salts and other ingredients can provide liquid compositions having the desired properties described above. It has been discovered that preferred compositions can be formulated in the acid pH range and have a desirable clean, "non-soapy" feel to the user's hands. Alternatively, certain compositions can be formulated in the basic pH range. Even when such basic compositions do have a soapy feel, they are preferred over the acidic compositions herein for removing artificial waxy coatings, especially from fruit such as apples. However, the invention also comprises basic compositions having less soapy feel.The use and selection of cleaning ingredients for the purpose of washing fruits and vegetables is described by the United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Section 173.315: "Ingredients for use in washing or lye peeling of fruits and vegetables". These regulations restrict the ingredients that may be used for direct contact with food to those described as "generally regarded as safe" (GRAS), and a few other selected ingredients. These sections also provide certain limitations on the amount of material that can be used in a given context.Among these ingredients, the experienced formulator will find only a few ingredients which can provide effective cleaning of hydrophobic residues, such as waxes, oils, or man-made chemical residues such as pesticides. It is recognized that these types of residues are removed most readily by surface active ingredients in water, or by organic solvents largely in the absence of water. Other types of soils, especially particulate insoluble soils that do not readily disperse in water, are effectively removed by surface active materials in water, especially when aided by complex anionic salts, such as citrates (polycarboxylates), or polyphosphate salts.Within this limited group of ingredients the range of effective cleaning compositions well suited to the task of cleaning fruits and vegetables, especially as practiced by individual consumers, have not been previously described. It is desirable to formulate liquid compositions which are amenable to either direct application to produce, preferably by spray application, or could be provided in suitable concentrated form to allow convenient dilution in a bowl or sink of water for washing of produce by immersion. Further, it is desirable the compositions are low sudsing, and easily rinsed, without leaving residue. Preferred compositions should be mild to the hands, especially for direct application.Food Chemical News, Inc., 1991, p. 334.1, reports that PEG 200-9500 has been cleared under §178.3750 as a component in articles for use in contact with food (Fed. Register, Oct. 15, 1968). Nonetheless, for washing produce, polyethylene glycol should be affirmed as GRAS.High ammonia (HA) natural rubber latex (NRL) is generally very sensitive at lower temperature and will form big rubber lumps after the freezing and thawing processes. The growth of ice crystals in an aqueous medium during freezing causes the rubber particles to move closer together and thus disrupts the protein cloud surrounding the latex particles. The broken protein cloud causes rubber particles to coalesce and form big lumps after the thawing process. However, this phenomenon did not occur when potassium oleate (PO) was incorporated into the HA NRL medium. PO acted as a colloid stabiliser by means of adsorbance at the rubber latex surface, thus preventing the coalescence of rubber particles from occurring. This study investigated the effect of PO loading (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 phr) on the colloid stability of HA NRL after being subjected to both freezing and thawing. These latex mixtures were frozen by cooling it at − 4°C for 24h and thawed by allow-ing them to stand at room temperature for 1h followed by heating at 40°C for another hour. The results obtained showed that the PO improved the colloid stability of HA NRL in terms of morphological properties, viscosity, and mechanical stability time values. Particle-size distribution of latex mixtures, however, did not vary even after freezing.Potassium oleate is a product with high wetting, non-stick and foaming powers for applications in the industrial sector, such as the manufacture of Marseille soap. It is a surfactant, its main function being to reduce the surface tension of water to make it wet fabric more thoroughly, thus helping to wash and remove dirt.ORDISOL HOK-50 LX, 50% potassium oleate manufactured by Concentrol and used as a surfactant and thickener for the manufacture of Marseille soap, is characterized by its high stability at low temperatures with the consequent ease of use even in very cold conditions. Apart from its use in the aforementioned soaps, potassium oleate prepared in other forms is also used as a foaming agent in the latex industry, to deink paper in the recycling process, to lubricate conveyor belts of glass containers and as a surfactant and wetting agent in phytosanitary products, among others.This product, a surfactant of vegetable or animal origin, always natural and non-synthetic, is obtained from a modification of the traditional method of saponification, used since antiquity to obtain soap from fat or oils. The final result is biodegradable and is not dangerous to the environment. In order to analyse the results of this product, a study has been carried out in which we wanted to delve into different fundamental parameters for the product.Evaporating the product at 100 °C until constant weight, and with the help of an automatic dry extract analyser, with samples of 0.5g of each product, the Concentrol product line ORDISOL HOK-50 LX has obtained results of 52%, a notable percentage in solids compared to other lines on the market, which explains its high efficiency.One of the basic uses of potassium oleates is as foaming agents, natural anionic surfactants in multiple detergent applications. Therefore, in the study we wanted to analyse foam formation by ORDISOL HOK-50 LX in aqueous solutions of 0.05%. These tests have concluded that the amount of foam generated by this product is desirable for manufacturers of this type of soap, since it is neither too excessive nor too little. Potassium oleate also stands out for its high viscosity in aqueous solution, one of its main characteristics. For this reason, the viscosity of the solution in osmosis water (without hardness) has also been measured in the test. In a direct solution of potassium oleate in water (40/160, oleate / water), the ORDISOL HOK-50 LX product samples analysed give a viscosity value in aqueous solution of between 345 and 630 cps.The study was also carried out by adjusting a specific dry extract value, in this case 11%, which in this way allowed compensating the initial differential in the dry extract. In this case, ORDISOL HOK-50 LX obtains a viscosity of 170 cps.The main advantages of using ORDISOL HOK-50 LX instead of manufacturing it in-house are the following: Savings in staff costs and time for the manufacture of potassium oleate, which requires mixing and neutralization with temperature. The product is often applied immediately after the manufacture of the detergent. Using Concentrol’s product allows it to be applied at any time and in any quantity. Concentrol supplies the product with precise margins of specification, minimizing the oscillations in the preparation of the final detergent. We keep stock available for immediate delivery. We guarantee traceability of the raw materials that are used in potassium oleate. Thus, apart from complying with the requirements of the sector and having a very good thickener capacity, Concentrol’s ORDISOL HOK-50 LX product line stands out on the market due to its high stability at low temperatures, thus allowing its storage outside without danger of freezing. Concentrol studies each customer’s particular case and conducts studies to provide the most suitable solution for their requirements. With full control of the manufacturing process, Concentrol designs product lines with different properties and compatibility levels so that the customer has at their disposal the best solution according to their needs. Contact us for more information.Different microemulsions were prepared with and without mefenamic acid (MFA). The base microemulsion was mainly composed of distilled water; the aqueous phase, propylene carbonate; the oil phase, potassium oleate; the surfactant, and finally di-ethylene glycol; the cosurfactant. The effect of mixing ionic (potassium oleate) with nonionic (Tween-20) surfactant was investigated via constructing the phase diagrams of such systems. Changes in conductivity and viscosity of the freshly prepared microemulsion over time were monitored as an indication for the stability of the microemulsion. Measurements were carried out at room temperature, after a freeze-thaw cycle and also after storage for 3 days at 60°C, where the latter is treated as an accelerated test for the time-temperature effects on the stability of a microemulsion. It was found that a set of surfactants, instead of a single surfactant, and inclusion of cosurfactant resulted in a broader region where a stable microemulsion is predominant. At a mass ratio of 1:2 of potassium oleate to Tween-20, O/W microemulsions were found to have maximum stability among all examined systems, under the accelerated test, such that they have a minimum portion of combined surfactants and cosurfactant of 60 wt% and maximum of 80 wt%. With the aforementioned specifications, no phase separation and neither significant change in the conductivity nor in the viscosity was observed in any of the examined systems after subjecting them both to the accelerated and freeze-thaw cycle test, indicating that such systems were thermodynamically stable. Samples of micro emulsions passing previous tests were further subjected to an acidic medium by dispersing 1 g of MFA-containing microemulsion in 10 g HCl solution (pH 1) in a shaking water bath at 37°C, for a 6 hour period. The maximum solubility of MFA in a stable microemulsion was approximately 5 wt%, evaluated at room temperature.The effect of potassium oleate (PO, C 18 H 33 KO 2 ) in a glycine-based weakly alkaline slurry on copper chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process was discussed. The corrosion inhibitor in the slurry could balance the over etching to realize the global planarization of the copper layers. The experimental results verified PO was indeed effective in inhibiting copper removal rate. The corrosion and passivation mechanism were also discussed. SEM and XPS test results confirmed that PO can adsorb on the copper surface to form a passivation film.A 17.5% active solution of potassium oleate useful in the formulation of latex rubber products and foam rubbers. Used as an auxiliary surfactant in preparation of water-based adhesive products and preparation of latex foam products. It is especially useful for stabilisation of Natural rubber latex during prevulcanisation.An influenza epidemic is still a problem despite the development of vaccines and anti-influenza drugs. Preventive measures such as handwashing are fundamental and important for counteracting influenza virus infection. In this study, we clarified the anti-influenza virus effects of surfactants, which are the main components of hand soaps for hand washing: potassium oleate (C18:1), sodium laureth sulfate (LES) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS). For a human influenza virus strain (H3N2), C18:1 reduced the infectivity by 4 logs or more, whereas LES and SDS reduced the infectivity by 1 log or less. Similar results were obtained when an avian influenza virus strain (H5N3) was used. The interaction between the surfactant and virus was then investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry. The LES-virus system showed a positive value of enthalpy changes (ΔH), meaning an exothermic interaction that indicated a hydrophobic interaction. In contrast, both the C18:1-virus system and the SDS-virus system showed negative values of ΔH, meaning an endothermic interaction that indicated an electrical interaction. The ΔH value of the C18:1-virus system was much higher than that of the SDS-virus system. A mixture of C18:1 and HA proteins similarly showed negative values of ΔH. These results indicate that influenza virus inactivation by a hydrophobic interaction of a surfactant with the viral envelope is insufficient to prevent infection, whereas inactivation by an electrical interaction of a surfactant with HA proteins is sufficient to prevent influenza virus infection.By using potassium oleate (KOL) as a part of ligand, nanorods of β-NaYF4:Yb,Er were synthesized. The aspect ratio of β-NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals was tuned by changing the amount of KOL. We found that potassium from KOL is not only absorbed on the surface of nanocrystals, but also partially substitutes Na element in nanocrystals lattice. Different from the classical shape control mechanism that oleate ions are absorbed on different facets of nanocrystals, the anisotropic growth of β-NaYF4:Yb,Er in current work is caused by the doping of K+. The incorporation of K+ would not lead to obvious decrease of the upconversion fluorescence intensity. Meanwhile, oleate ions promote the phase transition of nanocrystals from cubic to hexagonal phase, resulting in the simultaneous controllability of the nanocrystals size.
POTASSIUM OXALATE
POTASSIUM PALMITATE, N° CAS : 2624-31-9, Nom INCI : POTASSIUM PALMITATE, Nom chimique : Potassium hexadecanoate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 220-088-6. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation
POTASSIUM OXALATE
Potassium oxalate, K2C204, H20, is odorless, efforescent, water-soluble, colorless crystals that decompose when heated.
Potassium oxalate the anhydrous salt, mol wt 166.22, is obtained when the monohydrate is dehydrated at 160 °C.
Potassium oxalate, sinks in and mixes slowly with water.

CAS Number: 583-52-8
Molecular Formula: C2K2O4
Molecular Weight: 166.22
EINECS Number: 209-506-8

Potassium oxalate is preferred as a reagent in analytical chemistry and in miscellaneous uses principally because of its high solubility as compared with other simple neutral oxalates.
Potassium oxalate is used in analytical chemistry and photography, and as a bleach and oxalic acid source.
Potassium oxalate is a chemical compound with the formula K2C2O4.

Potassium oxalate is the potassium salt of oxalic acid (H2C2O4) and is commonly used for various purposes, both in the laboratory and in industrial applications.
Potassium oxalate is a white crystal or powder made by neutralizing oxalic acid with potassium carbonate.
Potassium oxalate is soluble in water 1:3 but not in alcohol.

Potassium oxalate was used as an early developer for gelatin plates but is best known as the developer for platinum prints.
Potassium Oxalate, Monohydrate, CP, also known simply as oxalate, forms insoluble precipitates with many metal ions, including calcium oxalate.
The chemical structure of potassium oxalate consists of two potassium ions (K+) bonded to oxalate ions (C2O4^2-).

Each oxalate ion is composed of two carbon atoms, two oxygen atoms, and two oxygen atoms, linked together in a specific arrangement.
Potassium oxalate is soluble in water, which makes it suitable for various aqueous applications.
Potassium oxalate is often used in chemistry labs to precipitate calcium ions (Ca^2+) as calcium oxalate in various analytical procedures.

This property makes it useful for the determination of calcium content in solutions.
In traditional photographic processes, potassium oxalate has been used as a component in developing solutions.
Potassium oxalate can be used to reduce silver halides to silver metal, which is the basis of photographic image development.

Potassium oxalate is sometimes used in the dyeing and printing of textiles and fabrics.
Potassium oxalate can help in mordanting, a process that improves the colorfastness of dyes on fabrics.
In some cleaning products, potassium oxalate may be used as a cleaning agent for removing rust stains and mineral deposits from various surfaces, such as porcelain, ceramics, and metal.

Potassium oxalate is employed as a reagent in various chemical reactions, particularly those involving the precipitation of metal ions or in some analytical methods.
Potassium oxalate is used in certain electrolyte solutions for electrochemical and industrial processes.
In addition to traditional photography, potassium oxalate has historical significance in the field of photoengraving and photolithography.

Potassium oxalate was used as a sensitizing agent in the production of printing plates for graphic arts and printing.
Potassium oxalate is employed in analytical chemistry for the determination of calcium content in various samples.
Potassium oxalate forms a highly insoluble compound, calcium oxalate, when mixed with calcium ions.

This property is used in quantitative analysis methods to measure calcium concentrations.
Potassium oxalate can function as a buffer solution, helping to maintain a stable pH in certain chemical reactions.
Potassium oxalates buffering capacity depends on the concentration and conditions in which it is used.

Potassium oxalate is utilized to clean and restore metals, especially antiques and historical artifacts.
Potassium oxalate can help remove tarnish and corrosion from metal surfaces.
Potassium oxalate is used in the preparation of electrolytes for lithium batteries, where it can serve as a complexing agent.

Potassium oxalate has been used in leather tanning processes as a mordant to improve the uptake and retention of dyes on leather.
Potassium oxalate is used in various chemical syntheses, particularly in reactions involving oxalate ions.

Potassium oxalate can serve as a source of oxalate groups in organic chemistry.
In wastewater treatment processes, potassium oxalate can be used to precipitate and remove heavy metal ions from industrial effluents, helping to reduce environmental pollution.

Density: 2.13
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: 392g/L at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 583-52-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
Appearance: white solid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)

Potassium oxalate is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, non-metal-surface treatment products and welding & soldering products.
Potassium oxalate is used in the following areas: health services.
Potassium oxalate is sometimes used by hobbyists and educators for growing crystals.

Potassium oxalate can be used to grow large, transparent crystals with well-defined faces.
In some chemical reactions, potassium oxalate can act as a reducing agent, meaning it donates electrons to other chemical species, causing them to undergo reduction reactions.
When potassium oxalate is burned, it can produce a purple flame, which is sometimes used in flame tests to identify the presence of potassium ions in compounds.

Potassium oxalate can function as a chelating agent, forming stable complexes with certain metal ions.
This property is utilized in various chemical processes, including water treatment and industrial applications where metal removal or stabilization is required.
As mentioned earlier, potassium oxalate can be toxic if ingested in large quantities.

Potassium oxalate should be stored away from incompatible substances and kept out of reach of children.
Proper ventilation and protective equipment should be used when handling it in a laboratory or industrial setting.
The disposal of potassium oxalate-containing waste should comply with local regulations.

Potassium oxalate's important to manage waste properly to prevent contamination of soil and water.
When working with potassium oxalate, it's crucial to be aware of its chemical compatibility with other substances.
Potassium oxalate may react with certain chemicals, producing undesirable or hazardous reactions.

Oxalic acid, which is a component of potassium oxalate, is naturally occurring in some plants and foods.
Excessive consumption of foods high in oxalic acid can contribute to the formation of kidney stones in susceptible individuals.
In some applications where the use of potassium oxalate is a concern due to its toxicity, alternatives that are less toxic or have similar properties may be considered.

For example, sodium oxalate is a less toxic alternative to potassium oxalate in some applications.
Potassium oxalate is used in various chemical reactions and syntheses.
Potassium oxalate can be employed as a starting material or a reagent in the production of other chemicals and compounds.

In materials science, potassium oxalate has been used in the synthesis of photoluminescent materials, which emit light when exposed to specific wavelengths.
These materials have applications in fields such as optoelectronics and sensors.
Potassium oxalate can be used for the removal of certain dyes and pigments from solutions or textiles.

Potassium oxalate acts as a complexing agent and can form insoluble complexes with some dyes, helping to clarify or decolorize solutions.
Potassium oxalate can serve as a standard in analytical chemistry for calibrating instruments or validating analytical methods.
Its known composition and properties make it a useful reference material.

Due to its ability to dissolve mineral deposits, potassium oxalate is used in some laboratory and glassware cleaning solutions to remove calcium and other mineral residues.
Potassium oxalate can be used as a precursor or starting material in the synthesis of other oxalate compounds or organic molecules.
In some formulations, potassium oxalate is used as a rust inhibitor to prevent or reduce the corrosion of metal surfaces.

In histology and tissue processing, potassium oxalate may be used in certain fixative solutions for preserving biological tissues before further analysis or staining.
Conservators and restorers of artworks may use potassium oxalate in the restoration and cleaning of paintings and sculptures, particularly when dealing with surfaces affected by grime or corrosion.
Potassium oxalate is used in complexometric titrations, a type of volumetric analysis where it reacts with metal ions to determine their concentration in a sample.

This method is commonly used in analytical chemistry.
Potassium oxalate is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture from the air.
This property can affect its physical properties and may require special storage considerations to prevent clumping or deterioration.

Uses
Potassium oxalate cleaning and bleaching straw, removing stains in photography; in vitro blood anticoagulant; also in analytical chemistry.
Potassium oxalate is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, metal surface treatment products, welding & soldering products, coating products, pH regulators and water treatment products, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Potassium oxalate is used in the following areas: health services.

Potassium oxalate is used for the manufacture of: metals and chemicals.
Release to the environment of Potassium oxalate can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Potassium oxalate is commonly used as a reagent in analytical chemistry, especially for the determination of calcium concentration in solutions.

Potassium oxalate forms insoluble calcium oxalate when mixed with calcium ions, making it valuable for titration methods.
In traditional photography, potassium oxalate was used as a component in developing solutions.
Potassium oxalate can reduce silver halides to metallic silver, which is essential for photographic image development.

Potassium oxalate serves as a versatile reagent in chemical laboratories for various purposes, including complexometric titrations, as a source of oxalate ions, and for experimental procedures requiring a source of potassium ions.
Potassium oxalate is utilized in the restoration and cleaning of metals, particularly antiques and historical artifacts.
It can effectively remove tarnish and corrosion from metal surfaces.

When burned, potassium oxalate produces a characteristic purple flame, which can be used in flame tests to identify the presence of potassium ions (K+) in compounds.
Potassium oxalate can be used as a component in buffer solutions to maintain a stable pH in chemical reactions, particularly those involving oxalate ions.
In industrial wastewater treatment processes, it is used to precipitate and remove heavy metal ions from effluents, helping reduce environmental pollution.

In materials science, potassium oxalate has been used in the synthesis of photoluminescent materials, which emit light when exposed to specific wavelengths.
These materials have applications in optoelectronics and sensors.
Potassium oxalate can be employed in the textile industry for mordanting, which improves the colorfastness of dyes on fabrics.

Historically, it was used in leather tanning processes as a mordant to enhance the uptake and retention of dyes on leather.
Potassium oxalate is a valuable reagent in various chemical syntheses, serving as a source of oxalate ions and potassium ions in organic and inorganic reactions.
In some electrolyte solutions, potassium oxalate is used as a buffering agent, helping to maintain a stable pH in electrochemical processes and applications.

Potassium oxalate is used by hobbyists and educators for growing crystals, particularly large and transparent crystals with well-defined faces.
Potassium oxalate should be handled and disposed of safely, following appropriate guidelines and regulations due to its potential toxicity.
Potassium oxalate is used by art conservators and restorers in the cleaning and restoration of artworks, especially when dealing with surfaces affected by grime or corrosion.

In some chemical reactions, potassium oxalate can act as a reducing agent, donating electrons to other chemical species to undergo reduction reactions.
Potassium oxalate is employed in the removal of certain dyes and pigments from solutions or textiles.
Potassium oxalate acts as a complexing agent and can form insoluble complexes with some dyes, helping to clarify or decolorize solutions.

Potassium oxalate can serve as a standard in analytical chemistry for calibrating instruments or validating analytical methods.
Its known composition and properties make it a useful reference material.
Due to its ability to dissolve mineral deposits, potassium oxalate is used in some laboratory and glassware cleaning solutions to remove calcium and other mineral residues.

In histology and tissue processing, potassium oxalate may be used in certain fixative solutions for preserving biological tissues before further analysis or staining.
Potassium oxalate is used in various chemical reactions and syntheses.
Potassium oxalate can serve as a precursor or starting material for the production of other chemicals and organic molecules.

In some formulations, potassium oxalate is used as a rust inhibitor to prevent or reduce the corrosion of metal surfaces.
The disposal of potassium oxalate-containing waste should comply with local regulations.
Proper waste management is important to prevent contamination of soil and water.

When working with potassium oxalate, it's crucial to be aware of its chemical compatibility with other substances.
Potassium oxalate may react with certain chemicals, producing undesirable or hazardous reactions.
Oxalic acid, a component of potassium oxalate, is naturally occurring in some plants and foods.

Excessive consumption of foods high in oxalic acid can contribute to the formation of kidney stones in susceptible individuals.
Potassium oxalate is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture from the air.
This property can affect its physical properties and may require special storage considerations to prevent clumping or deterioration.

In some applications where the use of potassium oxalate is a concern due to its toxicity, alternatives that are less toxic or have similar properties may be considered.
For example, sodium oxalate is a less toxic alternative to potassium oxalate in some applications.

Health Hazard
Inhalation of dust can cause systemic poisoning.
Ingestion causes burning pain in throat, esophagus, and stomach; exposed areas of mucous membrane turn white; vomiting, severe purging, weak pulse, and cardiovascular collapse may result; if death is delayed, neuromuscular symptoms develop.
Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation.

Toxicity:
Potassium oxalate is toxic if ingested or if it comes into contact with the skin or eyes.
Ingesting even small amounts can lead to serious health effects.
Potassium oxalate should never be consumed.

Potassium oxalate can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact.
Prolonged or repeated exposure to the skin can cause irritation, redness, and discomfort.

Some individuals may develop sensitization or allergies to potassium oxalate upon exposure, which can lead to skin reactions or respiratory issues upon subsequent contact.
When potassium oxalate reacts with certain metal ions, it forms insoluble precipitates (e.g., calcium oxalate).
This property can be problematic when dealing with wastewater treatment, as it can lead to clogs or scaling in pipes and equipment.

Potassium oxalate can react with other chemicals, such as strong acids, to produce hazardous reactions.
Potassium oxalate's important to be aware of potential incompatibilities when working with this compound.

Fire Hazard
Loses water at about 160° and decomposes to carbonate with no charring. The reaction is not hazardous.
Potassium oxalate is not combustible on its own, but it may produce toxic or irritating fumes when heated to decomposition.
Therefore, it should be stored away from open flames or sources of ignition.

Synonyms
Potassium oxalate
583-52-8
Dipotassium oxalate
Potassiumoxalate
Ethanedioic acid, dipotassium salt
Potassium neutral oxalate
Potassium oxalate (K2C2O4)
EINECS 209-506-8
UNII-LC7F2W7I5B
oxalic acid dipotassium salt
LC7F2W7I5B
Ethanedioic acid, potassium salt (1:2)
AI3-02412
OXALIC ACID, DIPOTASSIUM SALT
Ethanedioic acid potassium salt (1:2)
Ethanedioic acid, potassium salt
EINECS 233-137-1
Ethanedioic acid, potassium salt (1:?)
kalium oxalate
KALI OXALICUM
C2H2O4.xK
SCHEMBL50017
KALI OXALICUM [HPUS]
Ethanedioic acid,potassium salt
POTASSIUM OXALATE [MI]
C2-H2-O4.x-K
DTXSID6060393
C2H2O4.2K
IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L
DIPOTASSIUM OXALATE [INCI]
POTASSIUM OXALATE [WHO-DD]
C2-H2-O4.2K
Ethanedioic acid,potassium salt (1:?)
LS-99431
FT-0747675
Q767561
POTASSIUM PALMITATE
cas no 7727-21-1 Peroxydisulfuric acid, dipotassium salt; Dipotassium persulfate; Potassium Peroxydisulfate; Potassium peroxydisulphate;
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
Potassium Permanganate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KMnO4.
Furthermore, Potassium Permanganate is a purplish-black crystalline salt, that dissolves in water as K+ and MnO− 4, an intensely pink to purple solution.


CAS Number: 7722-64-7
EC Number: 231-760-3
Chemical formula: KMnO4
Molar mass: 158.034 g/mol
Appearance: Purplish-bronze-gray needles purple in solution



APPLICATIONS


Almost all applications of Potassium Permanganate exploit its oxidizing properties.
As a strong oxidant that does not generate toxic byproducts, Potassium Permanganate has many niche uses.


Medical uses of Potassium Permanganate:

Potassium Permanganate is used for a number of skin conditions.
This includes fungal infections of the foot, impetigo, pemphigus, superficial wounds, dermatitis, and tropical ulcers.
Potassium Permanganate is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.


Water treatment:

Potassium Permanganate is used extensively in the water treatment industry.
Moreover, Potassium Permanganate is used as a regeneration chemical to remove iron and hydrogen sulfide (rotten egg smell) from well water via a "manganese greensand" filter.

Potassium Permanganate is also obtainable at pool supply stores and is used additionally to treat waste water.
Historically Potassium Permanganate was used to disinfect drinking water and can turn the water pink.
Potassium Permanganate currently finds application in the control of nuisance organisms such as zebra mussels in fresh water collection and treatment systems.


Synthesis of organic compounds:

A solution of Potassium Permanganate in water, in a volumetric flask.
A major application of Potassium Permanganate is as a reagent for the synthesis of organic compounds.

Significant amounts of Potassium Permanganate are required for the synthesis of ascorbic acid, chloramphenicol, saccharin, isonicotinic acid, and pyrazinoic acid.
Potassium Permanganate is used in qualitative organic analysis to test for the presence of unsaturation.

Potassium Permanganate is sometimes referred to as Baeyer's reagent after the German organic chemist Adolf von Baeyer.
The reagent is an alkaline solution of potassium permanganate.

Reaction with double or triple bonds (-C=C- or -C≡C-) causes the color to fade from purplish-pink to brown.
Aldehydes and formic acid (and formates) also give a positive test.
The test is antiquated.

Potassium Permanganate solution is a common thin layer chromatography stain for the detection of oxidizable functional groups, such as alcohols, aldehydes, alkenes, and ketones.
Such compounds result in a white to orange spot on TLC plates.


Analytical use:

Potassium Permanganate can be used to quantitatively determine the total oxidizable organic material in an aqueous sample.
The value determined is known as the permanganate value.

In analytical chemistry, a standardized aqueous solution of Potassium Permanganate is sometimes used as an oxidizing titrant for redox titrations (permanganometry).
As potassium permanganate is titrated, the solution becomes a light shade of purple, which darkens as excess of the titrant is added to the solution.

In a related way, Potassium Permanganate is used as a reagent to determine the Kappa number of wood pulp.
For the standardization of Potassium Permanganate solutions, reduction by oxalic acid is often used.
In agricultural chemistry, Potassium Permanganate is used for estimation of active carbon in soil.

Aqueous, acidic solutions of Potassium Permanganate are used to collect gaseous mercury in flue gas during stationary source emissions testing.
In histology, potassium permanganate was used as a bleaching agent.


Fruit preservation:

Potassium Permanganate extend storage time of bananas even at high temperatures.
This effect can be exploited by packing bananas in polyethylene together with potassium permanganate.
By removing ethylene by oxidation, the permanganate delays the ripening, increasing the fruit's shelf life up to 4 weeks without the need for refrigeration.


Survival kits:

Potassium permanganate is sometimes included in survival kits: as a hypergolic fire starter (when mixed with glycerol antifreeze from a car radiator; as a water sterilizer; and for creating distress signals on snow).


Fire service:

Potassium permanganate is added to "plastic sphere dispensers" to create backfires, burnouts, and controlled burns.
Polymer spheres resembling ping-pong balls containing small amounts of Potassium Permanganate are injected with ethylene glycol and projected towards the area where ignition is desired, where they spontaneously ignite seconds later.
Both handheld and helicopter- or boat-mounted plastic sphere dispensers are used.


Other uses of Potassium Permanganate:

Potassium permanganate is one of the principal chemicals used in the film and television industries to "age" props and set dressings.
Its ready conversion to brown MnO2 creates "hundred-year-old" or "ancient" looks on hessian cloth (burlap), ropes, timber, and glass.

Potassium Permanganate can be used to oxidize cocaine paste to purify it and increase its stability.
This led to the Drug Enforcement Administration launching Operation Purple in 2000, with the goal of monitoring the world supply of potassium permanganate; however, potassium permanganate derivatives and substitutes were soon used thereafter to avoid the operation.

Potassium permangate is used as an oxidizing agent in the synthesis of cocaine and methcathinone.
When applied to your skin, potassium permanganate kills germs by releasing oxygen when it meets compounds in your skin.
Potassium Permanganate also acts as an astringent, which is a drying agent.


Some of the conditions that potassium permanganate can help treat include:

Infected eczema:
If you have eczema with blisters, potassium permanganate can help to dry them out.

Open and blistering wounds:
Potassium permanganate is used as a wet dressing for wounds on your skin’s surface that are blistered or oozing pus.

Athlete’s foot and impetigo:
Potassium permanganate can help to treat both bacterial and fungal skin infections such as athlete’s foot and impetigo.


Some Uses of Potassium Permanganate:

Products that remove stains or discoloration of fabric (including color-safe bleaches) used in laundry
Products specifically used in a laboratory setting, e.g. laboratory diagnostics or consumables, solvents and reagents used in experiments or laboratory tests, etc.
Miscellaneous aquarium products for the maintenance of aquatic pets
Using Disinfectants or Biocides
Farming (Pesticides)
Sewer and Wastewater Treatment
Leather Tanning and Processing
Photographic Processing
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)
Bleaching agents
Odor agents
Oxidizing agent


Potassium Permanganate is used to bleach textile fibers and skins, to dye wood and fabrics, to etch rubber and plastics, and to descale steel.
Besides, Potassium Permanganate is used in food processing, photography, leather tanning, and water purification.

Potassium Permanganate is used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, insecticide, miticide, and algaecide.
In addition, Potassium Permanganate is used occasionally for bulbs and rhizomes, and for dipping grafting knives and other tools.


Some important uses of Potassium Permanganate:

Bleaching resins, waxes, fats, oils, straw, cotton, silk and other fibers and chamois skins; dyeing wood brown; printing fabrics; washing carbon dioxide in manuf mineral waters; exterminating Oidium tuckeri; photography; tanning leathers; purifying water; with formaldehyde soln to expel formaldehyde gas for disinfecting; as an important reagent in analytical and synthetic organic chemistry.

Potassium permanganate is a powerful oxidizing agent and used a fixative, disinfectant, and as a reagent in organic synthesis.


A weak solution of Potassium permanganate applied to the affected skin is useful to help dry up a wet, exudative dermatoses such as:

Weeping eczema
Impetiginised eczema
Pompholyx
Blistering skin conditions such as pemphigoid.
Permanganate solution was a traditional treatment for fungal infections, but topical azoles (e.g. clotrimazole) and allylamines (e.g. terbinafine) are more effective and cosmetically acceptable.


Potassium permanganate crystals and concentrated solutions are caustic and can burn the skin.
More to that, Potassium Permanganate must only ever be applied in the dilute form to affected skin.

Always wear gloves when handling the concentrated solution or tablets.
The affected area can be immersed in the dilute solution for 10–20 mins, twice a day.
After the soak, the affected area can be patted dry with a paper towel, and treatments like topical steroid creams can then be applied.

Vaseline can be applied to the nails to prevent Potassium Permanganate causing brown staining.
Two to three days of applications will usually dry the weeping eruption, and the soaks can be discontinued before the skin becomes over dry.

If a foot or hand is affected, the diluted permanganate solution can be put into a bowl or bucket with a plastic bag liner that can be discarded after use.
If the weeping rash is widespread, permanganate can be diluted in bath water and the whole of the body immersed.

If the weeping area is more localised, diluted permanganate can be applied on a gauze soaked in diluted permanganate that has been gently squeezed to remove excess solution, and applied to the affected area for 20 minutes.
Potassium permanganate soaks are not suitable for dry skin conditions.



DESCRIPTION


Potassium permanganate is widely used in the chemical industry and laboratories as a strong oxidizing agent, and also as a medication for dermatitis, for cleaning wounds, and general disinfection.
Further to that, Potassium Permanganate is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
In 2000, worldwide production of Potassium Permanganate was estimated at 30,000 tons.

Potassium permanganate is the potassium salt of the tetrahedral transition metal oxo complex permanganate, in which four O2− ligands are bound to a manganese(VII) center.
Additionally, Potassium Permanganate forms orthorhombic crystals with constants: a = 910.5 pm, b = 572.0 pm, c = 742.5 pm.

The overall motif is similar to that for barium sulfate, with which it forms solid solutions.
In the solid (as in solution), each MnO−4 centre is tetrahedral.
The Mn–O distances are 1.62 Å.

The purplish-black color of solid potassium permanganate, and the intensely pink to purple color of its solutions, is caused by its permanganate anion, which gets its color from a strong charge-transfer absorption band caused by excitation of electrons from oxo ligand orbitals to empty orbitals of the manganese(VII) center.
Potassium permanganate is an oxidising agent with disinfectant, deodorising, and astringent properties.

The chemical formula of Potassium Permanganate is KMnO4.
Potassium Permanganate is sometimes called by its common name, Condy's crystals.
In its raw state, potassium permanganate is an odourless dark purple or almost black crystal or granular powder.

In 1659, Johann Rudolf Glauber fused a mixture of the mineral pyrolusite (manganese dioxide, MnO2) and potassium carbonate to obtain a material that, when dissolved in water, gave a green solution (potassium manganate) which slowly shifted to violet and then finally red.
The reaction that produced the color changes that Glauber observed in his solution of potassium permanganate and potassium manganate (K2MnO4) is now known as the "chemical chameleon".

This report represents the first description of the production of potassium permanganate.
Just under 200 years later, London chemist Henry Bollmann Condy had an interest in disinfectants; he found that fusing pyrolusite with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and dissolving it in water produced a solution with disinfectant properties.

He patented this solution, and marketed it as 'Condy's Fluid'.
Although effective, the solution was not very stable.
This was overcome by using potassium hydroxide (KOH) rather than NaOH.

This was more stable, and had the advantage of easy conversion to the equally effective potassium permanganate crystals.
This crystalline material was known as 'Condy's crystals' or 'Condy's powder'.
Potassium permanganate was comparatively easy to manufacture, so Condy was subsequently forced to spend considerable time in litigation to stop competitors from marketing similar products.

Early photographers used Potassium Permanganate as a component of flash powder. It is now replaced with other oxidizers, due to the instability of permanganate mixtures.


Preparation of Potassium Permanganate:

Potassium permanganate is produced industrially from manganese dioxide, which also occurs as the mineral pyrolusite.
In 2000, worldwide production was estimated at 30,000 tonnes.
The MnO2 is fused with potassium hydroxide and heated in air or with another source of oxygen, like potassium nitrate or potassium chlorate.

This process gives potassium manganate:

2 MnO2 + 4 KOH + O2 → 2 K2MnO4 + 2 H2O

(With sodium hydroxide, the end product is not sodium manganate but an Mn(V) compound, which is one reason why the potassium permanganate is more commonly used than sodium permanganate.)
(Furthermore, the potassium salt crystallizes better.)

The potassium manganate is then converted into permanganate by electrolytic oxidation in alkaline media:

2 K2MnO4 + 2 H2O → 2 KMnO4 + 2 KOH + H2

Although of no commercial importance, potassium manganate can be oxidized by chlorine or by disproportionation under acidic conditions.

The chlorine oxidation reaction is:

2 K2MnO4 + Cl2 → 2 KMnO4 + 2 KCl

and the acid-induced disproportionation reaction may be written as:

3 K2MnO4 + 4 HCl → 2 KMnO4 + MnO2 + 2 H2O + 4 KCl

A weak acid such as carbonic acid is sufficient for this reaction:

3 K2MnO4 + 2 CO2 → 2 KMnO4 + 2 K2CO3 + MnO2

Permanganate salts may also be generated by treating a solution of Mn2+ ions with strong oxidants such as lead dioxide (PbO2), sodium bismuthate (NaBiO3), or peroxydisulfate.
Tests for the presence of manganese exploit the vivid violet color of permanganate produced by these reagents.

Potassium permanganate appears as a purplish colored crystalline solid. Potassium Permanganate is noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible material.

If the combustible material is finely divided the mixture may be explosive.
Contact with liquid combustible materials may result in spontaneous ignition.
Contact with sulfuric acid may cause fire or explosion.

Potassium Permanganate is used to make other chemicals and as a disinfectant.
Furthermore, Potassium permanganate is a chemical compound of manganese prepared from manganese dioxide.

Potassium Permanganate is a powerful oxidizing agent and used a fixative, disinfectant, and as a reagent in organic synthesis.
Besides, Potassium Permanganate is a naturally occurring metal with the symbol Mn and the atomic number 25.

Potassium Permanganate does not occur naturally in its pure form, but is found in many types of rocks in combination with other substances such as oxygen, sulfur, or chlorine.
Moreover, Potassium Permanganate is a highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Weight: 158.034
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 157.881408
Monoisotopic Mass: 157.881408
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 118
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID


General advice:

First Aid responders should pay attention to self-protection and use the recommended protective clothing (chemical resistant gloves, splash protection).
If potential for exposure exists refer to safety sheet for specific personal protective equipment.


Inhalation:

Move person to fresh air; if effects occur, consult a physician.


Skin contact:

Remove material from skin immediately by washing with soap and plenty of water.
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes while washing.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Wash clothing before reuse.
Discard items which cannot be decontaminated, including leather articles such as shoes, belts and watchbands.


Eye contact:

Flush eyes thoroughly with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses after the initial 1-2 minutes and continue flushing for several additional minutes.
If effects occur, consult a physician, preferably an ophthalmologist.


Ingestion:

If swallowed, seek medical attention.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.


Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:

Aside from the information found under Description of first aid measures (above), any additional important symptoms and effects are described in Safety sheet.


Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
Notes to physician:

No specific antidote.
Treatment of exposure should be directed at the control of symptoms and the clinical condition of the patient.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Potassium permanganate poses risks as an oxidizer.
Contact with skin will result in a long lasting brown stain.



SYNONYMS


POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
7722-64-7
Chameleon mineral
Potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
Potassium permanganate solution
potassium;permanganate
KMnO4
MFCD00011364
00OT1QX5U4
Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt (1:1)
Argucide
Walko Tablets
Algae-K
Solo San Soo
Pure Light E 2
Caswell No. 699
Diversey Diversol CXU
Hilco #88
Kaliumpermanganat [German]
Potassium permanganate [JAN]
Permanganato potasico
CCRIS 5561
Permanganato potasico [Spanish]
HSDB 1218
Diversey Diversol CX with Arodyne
Permanganate de potassium [French]
EINECS 231-760-3
UN1490
Potassio (permanganato di) [Italian]
Potassium (permanganate de) [French]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 068501
NSC 146182
UNII-00OT1QX5U4
CI 77755
AI3-52835
Kali permanganicum
Potassium permanganate [USP:JAN]
potasiumpermanganate
potassiumpermanganate
Icc 237 Disinfectant, Sanitizer, Destainer, and Deodorizer
EC 231-760-3
Potassium permanganate (TN)
Potassium permanganate, 97%
DTXSID2034839
KALI PERMANGANICUM [HPUS]
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE [MI]
Potassium permanganate, ACS reagent
Potassium permanganate (JP17/USP)
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE [HSDB]
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE [VANDF]
Potassium permanganate, LR, >=99%
AKOS015833392
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE [MART.]
Potassium permanganate solution, 2 mM
Potassium permanganate solution, 5 mM
DB13831
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE [WHO-DD]
Potassium permanganate solution, 0.1 M
Potassium permanganate solution, 0.2 M
Potassium permanganate solution, 0.25N
Potassium permanganate, p.a., 99.0%
Potassium permanganate solution, 0.01 M
Potassium permanganate solution, 0.02 M
FT-0645093
P1742
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
D02053
Potassium permanganate [UN1490] [Oxidizer]
Potassium permanganate, ACS reagent, >=99.0%
Potassium permanganate, BioUltra, >=99.0% (RT)
Q190865
Potassium permanganate, 0.1N Standardized Solution
Potassium permanganate, SAJ first grade, >=99.3%
Potassium permanganate, tested according to Ph.Eur.
Potassium permanganate, JIS special grade, >=99.3%
Potassium permanganate, <=150 mum particle size, 97%
Potassium permanganate, meets USP testing specifications
Potassium permanganate, ACS reagent, >=99.0%, low in mercury
Potassium permanganate, low in mercury (max. 0,005 ppm Hg)
Potassium permanganate, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, 99.0%
Potassium permanganate, purum p.a., >=99.0% (RT), fine crystals
Potassium permanganate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99%
Potassium permanganate, suitable for determination of nitroxide, >=99.3%
Potassium permanganate, suitable for determination of toxic metals, >=99.5%
Potassium permanganate, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 99.0-100.5%
Potassium permanganate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, Hg <=0.000005%, >=99.0% (RT)
Potassium permanganate, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, 99-100.5%
POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (POTASSIUM PERSULFATE)
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) appears as a white, fine crystalline, odorless salt with 270.33 g/mol of molar mass.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is the inorganic compound with the formula K2S2O8.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is also known as potassium peroxydisulfate or KPS, it is a white solid that is sparingly soluble in cold water, but dissolves better in warm water.


CAS Number: 7727-21-1
EC Number: 231-781-8
MDL number: MFCD00011386
Linear Formula: K2S2O8


Potassium Persulfate is a white crystalline, odourless salt with the density of 2.477.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) can be decomposed about 100℃ and dissolved in the water and has strong oxidation.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) has the particular advantage of being almost non-hygroscopic of having a good storage stability in normal temperature and of being easy and safe to handle.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is a powerful oxidant, commonly used to initiate polymerizations.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) enhances the free flowing properties and tends to lumping.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) has the particular advantage of being only slightly hygroscopic and easy and safe to handle.


As a result of the process used for Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate)'s production it is free from contamination by ammonium ions.
Due to its extremely high purity Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) has a good storage stability.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is the inorganic compound with the formula K2S2O8.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is also known as potassium peroxydisulfate or KPS, it is a white solid that is sparingly soluble in cold water, but dissolves better in warm water.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is non-inflammable, but it can help combustion due to the release of oxygen.


When stored, Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) must be stored in a dry, closed container, away from direct sunlight and near heat sources.
Do not come in contact with reducing substances such as organic matter, rust, or trace metals to prevent decomposition or explosion of Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate).
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is a white, finely crystalline, odourless salt consisting of technically pure potassium peroxydisulfate and silicic acid to enhance the free flowing properties.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) has the particular advantage of being only slightly hygroscopic and easy and safe to handle.
As a result of Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate)'s extremely high purity it has a good storage stability.
Due to Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate)'s fine crystallinity potassium peroxydisulfate tends to lumping.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) almost does not absorb moisture, it is easy to store, easy to use and safe.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is the inorganic compound with the formula K2S2O8.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is also known as potassium peroxydisulfate, it is a white solid that is sparingly soluble in cold water, but dissolves better in warm water.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is a powerful oxidant, commonly used to initiate polymerizations.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) appears as a white crystalline solid. Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate)'s specific gravity 2.477.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate)'s decomposes is below 100 °C.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is soluble in water.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is insoluble in alcohol.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is an inorganic compound that is a strong oxidant.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) decomposes completely at 100 oC.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is slightly soluble in water.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is not flammable.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) should be stored in closed, cool and dry places.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) should be protected from heat and moisture.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is not harmful to health as crystal and solution when studied carefully.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate), also known as potassium peroxydisulfate is a chemical compound used as an oxidizing agent, with the formula K2S2O8.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is a transparent colorless crystal that is a strong oxidizer.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is a strong oxidizing agent and is incompatible with organic compounds.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is colorless or white crystals.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) has no odor.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is soluble in about 50 parts of water, 25 parts of 40 deg C water, aqueous solution is acidic.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is insoluble in ethanol.
The gradual decomposition of Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) in air releases oxygen, and the decomposition is faster at high temperature, and the total decomposition is at 100.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is also a raw material for the preparation of hydrogen peroxide.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate), also known as high potassium sulfate, molecular weight: 270.32, decomposition temperature: 50-60 ℃, is a white, tasteless Crystal, soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol, with strong oxidation, commonly used as bleach, oxidant.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is the inorganic compound with the formula K2S2O8.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is also known as potassium peroxydisulfate or KPS, it is a white solid that is highly soluble in water.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is a powerful oxidant, commonly used to initiate polymerizations.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is also known as potassium peroxydisulfate or KPS, it is a white solid that is sparingly soluble in cold water, but dissolves better in warm water.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (POTASSIUM PERSULFATE):
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) acts as an initiator for the polymerization of monomers of acrylic, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride etc. and for the emulsion co-polymerization of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene etc. in combination with the redox systems and as a strong oxidizing agent in many applications.
Others uses of Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate): chemical synthesis.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as Water treatment (purification).
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used Waste gas treatment, oxidative degradation of harmful substances (e.g. mercury).
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as Disinfectant


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as an initiator (source of free radicals) for the polymerisation of monomers and as a strong oxidising agent in many applications.
As a result of the process used for its production Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is free from contamination by ammonium ions.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is involved in the Elbs persulfate oxidation of phenols and the Boyland-Sims oxidation of anilines.
In solution, Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) gives radicals and is used to initiate polymerization reactions to prepare styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as a bleaching agent in various hair bleaches, as an ion exchange agent, a plating agent and a surface treating agent.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is involved in the Elbs persulfate oxidation of phenols and the Boyland-Sims oxidation of anilines.
In solution, Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) gives radicals and is used to initiate polymerization reactions to prepare styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as a bleaching agent in various hair bleaches, as an ion exchange agent, a plating agent and a surface treating agent.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in organic reactions for polymerization.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products and perfumes and fragrances.
Other release to the environment of Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Other release to the environment of Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as reactive substance.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Release to the environment of Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in the following products: oil and gas exploration or production products, pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in the polymerization of acrylonitrile, generally in the production of polyacrylonitrile fiber together with alkali sulfides, in the polymerization of various monomers; as an oxidant in the textile industry; in the oxidation of sulfur dyes; in metal, photography, cosmetics industries; in the production of various chemicals; purification of ammonium sulfate; as an antiseptic.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in soap production and medicine production.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is the initiator of latex or solution polymerization of acrylic monomers, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and other product, but also the initiator of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene and similar emulsion for copolymerization.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate)is mainly used as initiator and strong oxidizing agents
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as a desizing agent and bleach activator.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used for oxidative degradation of harmful substances in the pool and closed circular cycle in the water.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) can be applied in the production of starch modifier and applied in the production of adhesive and coating agent.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used applicable to branched chain oxidation, alcohol and aromatic hydroxy oxidation.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in the polymerization of acrylonitrile, often in the production of polyacrylonitrile fibers with alkaline sulfides, in the emulsion polymerization of monomers.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as an oxidant in the textile industry.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in the oxidation of sulfur dyes.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in Metal, photography, cosmetics industries.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in the production of various chemicals.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as an analytical reagent for the determination of manganese content in steel analysis.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is also used as a disinfectant, a fabric bleaching agent, a sodium thiosulfate remover and a deodorizing agent.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as an oxidant for dyes and inorganic salts in chemical reactions.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as an initiator for elastomer in synthetic rubber.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as an accelerator for polyvinyl chloride emulsion polymerization in the production of synthetic resin.


Applications of Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) include: polymerization initiators, circuit board cleaning and etching, copper and aluminum surface activation, starch modification, low temperature bleaching and Desizing of pulp and fabrics, purification of circulating water systems, oxidative degradation of harmful gases, low formaldehyde adhesive adhesion acceleration, ethanol and aromatic hydrocarbon oxidation, disinfectant, hair dye decolorization.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) can also be used as a polymerization initiator, which hardly absorbs moisture, has good stability at room temperature, is convenient for storage, and has the advantages of convenience and safety.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used to initiate polymerization of various alkenes leading to commercially important polymers such as styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene and related materials.


In solution, the dianion dissociates to give radicals:
[O3SO-OSO3]2− 2 [SO4]•−
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in organic chemistry as an oxidizing agent, for instance in the Elbs persulfate oxidation of phenols and the Boyland–Sims oxidation of anilines.


As a strong yet stable bleaching agent Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) also finds use in various hair bleaches and lighteners.
Such brief and non-continuous use is normally hazard free, however prolonged contact can cause skin irritation.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) has been used as an improving agent for flour with the E number E922, although it is no longer approved for this use within the EU.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used Initiator for the emulsion or solution Polymerization of acrylic monomers, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride etc. and for the emulsion co-polymerization of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene etc.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used Oxidizing agent, used in cleaning and pickling of metal surfaces, accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives and modification of starch, production of binders and coating materials.


Desizing agent and bleach activator, Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is an essential component of bleaching formulations for hair cosmetics.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as a laboratory oxidant and photography chemical.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in bleaching fabrics, soaps; in photography under the name Anthion to remove last traces of thiosulfate from plates and paper; as an oxidizing agent in analytical chemistry.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is often used as a strong oxidant, and also as an initiator of monomer polymerization.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used to initiate polymerization of various alkenes leading to commercially important polymers such as styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene and related materials.


In solution, the dianion dissociates to give radicals:
[O3SO-OSO3]2− ⇌ 2 [SO4]•−
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in organic chemistry as an oxidizing agent, for instance in the Elbs persulfate oxidation of phenols and the Boyland–Sims oxidation of anilines.


As a strong yet stable bleaching agent Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) also finds use in various hair bleaches and lighteners.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) has been used as an improving agent for flour with the E number E922, although it is no longer approved for this use within the EU.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is a suitable initiaor for the emulsion or solution polymerisation of acrylic monomers, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride etc. and for the emulsion copolymerisation of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene etc.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is also a kind of oxidizing agent.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in cleaning and pickling of metal surfaces.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in modification of starch, production of binders and coating materials.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used Desizing agent and bleach activator.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used an essential component of bleaching formulations for hair cosmetics.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is mainly used as a disinfectant and fabric bleach.
Industrial dyes and inorganic salts, Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as the oxidant.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used Synthetic rubber industry as emulsion polymerization initiators.


Synthetic resin, Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate), is used as a polymerization accelerator.
In addition, the terms used in the steel, photographic industry and medicine.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used to initiate polymeriziation of various alkenes leading to commercially important polymers such as styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene and related materials.


In solution, the dianion dissociates to give radicals: [O3SO-OSO3]2− ⇌ 2 [SO4]−
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used in organic chemistry as an oxidizing agent, for instance in the Elbs persulfate oxidation of phenols and the Boyland–Sims oxidation of anilines.


As a strong yet stable bleaching agent Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) also finds use in various hair bleaches and lighteners.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) has been used as an improving agent for flour with the E number E922, although it is no longer approved for this use within the EU.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used to initiate polymerziation of various alkenes leading to commercially important polymers such as styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene and related materials.


Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used to make soap (bleaching), promote polymerization, condition flour, and modify starch.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is also used as a reducing agent in photography, a desizing agent in textiles, and an oxidizing agent for dyes.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is a powerful oxidant, commonly used to initiate polymerizations.


-Cosmetics:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used the main ingredient of bleaching formula.
-Textiles:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used desizing and bleaching agents - especially for low temperature bleaching.


-Polymerization:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used initiator of latex or acrylic monomer polymerization liquid, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and other products, and initiator of copolymerization of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene and other colloid.


-Metal treatment:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used treatment of metal surfaces (e.g. in semiconductor manufacturing: cleaning and etching of printed circuits).
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as an activation of copper and aluminum surfaces.


-Polymerization:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as initiator of latex or acrylic monomer polymerization solution, initiator of ethyl acetate, ethylene chloride, vinyl chloride and other products.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is also an initiator of copolymerization of styrene acrylonitrile, butadiene and other colloids.


-Metal treatment:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used Treatment of metal surfaces (eg in semiconductor manufacturing: cleaning and etching of printed circuits).
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used Activation of copper and aluminum surfaces.


-Cosmetics:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used The main ingredient in bleaching formulas.
-Textiles:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used De-slurry and bleach - especially for low-temperature bleaching.


-Others uses of Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate): Chemical synthesis: Water treatment (purification); Disinfectant; Exhaust gas treatment, oxidative degradation of harmful substances (eg mercury).
-TEXTILE:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is desizing agent and bleach activator - particularly for cold bleaching (e.g. bleaching of jeans).


-POLYMERIZATION:
Initiator for the emulsion or solution polymerization of acrylic monomers, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride etc. and for the emulsion copolymerization of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene etc.
In combination with redox systems (ascorbic acid, Rongalite, sulfites or sugar - possibly in combination with heavy metal salts such as Fe2+) Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) can also be used for polymerization reactions carried out at lower - and even at ambient - temperatures.
To reduce the residual monomer content, a combination of
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) with TBHP-70-AQ is recommended, particularly in cases where redox systems are used.


-COSMETICS:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is essential component of bleaching formulations
-PAPER:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is modification of starch; repulping particularly of wet-strength paper


-Other uses of Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate):
*chemical synthesis
*water treatment (decontamination)
*waste gas treatment; oxidative degradation of harmful substances (e.g. Hg)


-polymerization:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used initiator for the emulsion or solution Polymerization of acrylic monomers, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride etc. and for the emulsion co-polymerization of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene etc.


-Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is mainly used for initiator and strong oxidant initiator: Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is latex or acrylic monomer polymerization liquid, vinyl acetate, the initiator of vinyl chloride and other products is also the initiator of the copolymerization of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene and Other colloids.


-Metal treatment:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used Treatment of metal surfaces(e.g. in the manufacture of semiconductors; cleaning and etching of printed circuits), activation of copper and aluminium surfaces.


-Cosmetics:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as an essential component of bleaching formulations.
-Paper:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used a modification of starch,repulping of wet - strength paper.
-Textile:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is a used desizing agent and bleach activator - particularly for cold bleaching.(i.e.bleaching of Jeans).


-Others uses of Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate):
*Chemical synthesis
*Water treatment(decontamination)
*Waste gas treatment,oxidative degradation of harmful substances(e.g.Hg)
*Disinfectant


-Strong oxidants:
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as Desizing agent and bleach activator.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used for the oxidation and degradation of harmful substances in water pool and closed cycle treatment.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is the production of starch regulator, and used in the production of adhesives and coatings.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used for branched-chain oxidation, ethanol and aromatic hydroxyl oxidation.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is one of the basic components of the hair dye, the role of decolorization.



KEY FEATURES OF POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (POTASSIUM PERSULFATE):
Key Features of Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate):
These Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is a white, crystalline, odourless salt.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is used as initiator for the polymerisation of monomers and as a strong oxidizing agent in many application.

Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) has the particular advantage of being almost non-hygroscopic, of having a particularly good storage stability as a result of its extremely high purity and of being easy and safe to handle.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is a suitable initiaor for the emulsion or solution polymerisation of acrylic monomers, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride etc. and for the emulsion copolymerisation of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene etc..

Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is also a kind of oxidizing agent:
(1) Used in cleaning and pickling of metal surfaces.
(2) Used in accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives.
(3) Used in modification of starch, production of binders and coating materials.
(4) Desizing agent and bleach activator.
(5) An essential component of bleaching formulations for hair cosmetics.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is a kind of white tasteless crystal or powder, which is decomposed by ethanol and has good stability at room temperature.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (POTASSIUM PERSULFATE):
When Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is heated in a 50% aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide results, which, due to the high temperature, distills from the solution.
The H2O2 obtained this way has a concentration of 40-60%.
This method was previously used in the manufacturing of hydrogen peroxide on industrial scale before being replaced by the quinone process.

Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) will react with silver nitrate to form silver(I,III) oxide (silver peroxide):
K2S2O8 + AgNO3 → Ag4O4 + K2SO4 + SOx + NOx + Ox
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) oxidizes acetone in the presence of diluted sulfuric acid and silver metal to acetic acid, releasing carbon dioxide:

2 K2S2O8 + (CH3)2CO → CH3COOH + KHSO4 + CO2
Reaction with nitric acid gives off oxygen and ozone fumes, and nitrogen as byproduct.
Heating Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) in solution or slush to 80-90 Celsius for 2-3 minutes in presence of MnO2 leads to a decomposition reaction catalyzed by manganese dioxide:

2 K2S2O8 + 2H2O → 4 KHSO4 + O2
This reaction can be used as a qualitative test for the peroxodisulfate anion: just heat it with MnO2 and check the pH with a test strip.
Low pH means positive test.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (POTASSIUM PERSULFATE):
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is a white crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) decomposes if heated to temperatures over 125°C.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) has a density of 2.477 g/cm3.



STRUCTURE OF POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (POTASSIUM PERSULFATE):
The sodium and potassium salts are very similar.
In the potasium salt, the O-O distance is 1.495 Å.
The individual sulfate groups are tetrahedral, with three short S-O distances near 1.43 and one long S-O bond at 1.65 Å.



RAW MATERIALS OF POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (POTASSIUM PERSULFATE):
Ammonium persulfate
Sulfuric acid
Ammonium sulfate
Potassium Sulphate



PREPARATION OF POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (POTASSIUM PERSULFATE):
The most common way to synthesize Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) is via the electrolysis of a cold solution potassium bisulfate in sulfuric acid, at a high current density:
2 KHSO4 → K2S2O8 + H2
Tantalum electrodes can be used in this reaction.

Bubbling elemental fluorine through an aqueous solution of KHSO4 or K2SO4 will also yield Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate).
The reaction also works in the absence of water.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) can also be prepared by adding KHSO4 to a solution of the more soluble salt ammonium peroxydisulfate.
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) will precipitate from this reaction.

Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) can be prepared by electrolysis of a cold solution potassium bisulfate in sulfuric acid at a high current density.
2 KHSO4 → K2S2O8 + H2
ItPotassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate)to a solution of the more soluble salt ammonium peroxydisulfate (NH4)2S2O8.
In principle Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) can be prepared by chemical oxidation of potassium sulfate using fluorine.
Several million kilograms of the ammonium, sodium, and potassium salts of peroxydisulfate are produced annually.

Ammonium persulfate was dissolved in water, and potassium hydroxide solution was added.
The mixture was heated under aeration until ammonia was depleted.
After cooling, Suction filtration crystallization, washing, drying to obtain Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate).



RECRYSTALIZATION OF POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (POTASSIUM PERSULFATE):
Potassium peroxydisulfate (potassium persulfate) was dissolved in water at 30 °c and cooled to obtain a recrystallized product, which was filtered and dried under reduced pressure in the presence of calcium chloride.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (POTASSIUM PERSULFATE):
Molecular Weight: 270.32
Molecular Weight : 270.3 kg/kmol
Specific Gravity : 2,480 kg/m³
pH Value (%5 solution) : 3-7
Thermal Decomposition : ≥65°C
Solubility in Water : 6(25 °C) 17(50 °C) (g/100 g H2O)
Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: 100 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: > 600 °C

Decomposition temperature: 170 °C
pH 2,5 - 4,5 at 27 g/l at 25 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 52,77 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: - Not applicable for inorganic substances
Vapor pressure: < 0,1 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 2,477 g/cm3
Relative density: 1,39 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: 9,33 - (Air = 1.0)
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: The substance or mixture is classified as oxidizing with the category 3.
Other safety information:
Relative vapor 9,33 - (Air = 1.0)

Compound Formula: K2O8S2
Molecular Weight: 270.32
Appearance: White powder or crystals
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 2.477 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 269.830872
Monoisotopic Mass: 269.830872
Appearance: white, finely crystalline solid
Assay: (typically) ca. 99.0 % w/w
Active oxygen: (AO, typically) ca. 5.9 % w/w
Acid: (calculated as H2SO4, typically) ca. 0.05 % w/w
Iron content: (typically) ca. 1 mg/kg
Bulk density: ca. 1100 kg/m3
Melting point: (decomposition)

Solubility in water: at 10 / 20 / 40 / 60 °C ca. 30 / 50 / 105 / 210 g/L
pH of a 1 % solution in water: ca. 3.7
pH of a 10 % solution in water: ca. 3.1
Decomposition temperature: (SADT)* 170 °C
Recommended storage temperature: < 30 °C
Storage: stability as from date of delivery 12 months
Moisture content: (typically) < 0.03 % w/w
Density: 2.477 g/cm3
Melting Point: 100 °C (decomposition)
pH value: 2.5 - 4.5 (27 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 1150 kg/m3
Solubility: 50 g/l
Molecular Weight: 270.33
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8

Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 269.8308723
Monoisotopic Mass: 269.8308723
Topological Polar Surface Area: 150 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 206
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Formula: K₂O₈S₂
Appearance: White to Off-White Solid
Melting Point: No data available
Molecular Weight: 270.32
Storage: 20°C
Solubility: Water (Slightly)
Molecular Formula :K2O8S2
Molar Mass: 270.32
Density: 2.47

Melting Point: 1067 °C
Boling Point: 1689 °C
Water Solubility: 5 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Solubility: H2O: 0.5M at20°C, clear, colorless
Vapor Presure: 0 Pa at 25℃
Vapor Density: 9.3 (vs air)
Appearance: Solid
Specific Gravity: 2.477
Color: White
Odor: Odorless
Exposure Limit: ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Merck: 14,7656
PH: 3.2 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Storage Condition: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
Stability: Stable.
Properties: colorless or white triclinic crystal powder.
relative density: 2.477
solubility: soluble in water, solubility: 1.75g/100ml water at 0 ℃,
solubility: 5.3g/100ml water at 20 ℃.
Insoluble in alcohol.
The aqueous solution was acidic.



FIRST AID MEASURES of POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (POTASSIUM PERSULFATE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (POTASSIUM PERSULFATE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (POTASSIUM PERSULFATE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (POTASSIUM PERSULFATE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (POTASSIUM PERSULFATE):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (POTASSIUM PERSULFATE):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
potassium persulphate
kalium persulfate
PPS(kps) Initiator
potassium per sulphate
potassium per sulfate
persulfate de potassium
potassium hydrogen persulfate
dipotassium peroxodisulfate
kps potassium persulfate
Potassium Peroxydisulfate
cas no.7721-21-1
Sodium Peroxydisulfate
Peroxydisulfuric Acid
Disodium Peroxydisulfate
POTASSIUM PERSULFATE
7727-21-1
Potassium peroxydisulfate
Anthion
Potassium peroxodisulfate
Potassium peroxydisulphate
Dipotassium peroxydisulfate
Dipotassium persulfate
potassium persulphate
Peroxydisulfuric acid, dipotassium salt
dipotassium;sulfonatooxy sulfate
MFCD00011386
6B86K0MCZC
Dipotassium peroxodisulphate
Caswell No. 700
HSDB 2638
EINECS 231-781-8
UN1492
UNII-6B86K0MCZC
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 063602
Virkon S
potasium persulfate
potassium persuifate
Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2) , dipotassium salt
potassium monopersulphate
potassium peroxidisulfate
EC 231-781-8
DIPOTASSIUM PERSULPHATE
CHEMBL3186858
DTXSID4029690
POTASSIUM PERSULFAT [MI]
DIPOTASSIUM PEROXYDISULPHATE
dipotassium dioxidan-2-idesulfonate
Tox21_200798
AKOS015950646
NSC 326763
Potassium persulfate, ACS Reagent Grade
NCGC00258352-01
BP-13445
CAS-7727-21-1
FT-0689072
Potassium peroxydisulfate, low nitrogen, ACS
Potassium persulfat [UN1492] [Oxidizer]
dipotassium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide
Potassium persulfate, Trace metals grade 99.99%
Q415226
Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), potassium salt (1:2)
Anthion
Dipotassium peroxodisulfate
Dipotassium peroxydisulfate
Dipotassium persulfate
F 210 Hygisept
Potassium dipersulfate
Potassium peroxydisulfate
Potassium peroxydisulfate (K2(S2O8))
Potassium Peroxydisulphate
Potassium persulfate
Virkon S
anthion
BETZ 2701
NP A SOLUTION
Potassium persulfate
POTASSIUM PERSULFATE
Potassium persulphate
dipotassiumpersulfate
Potassium peroxodisulfate
POTASSIUM PEROXODISULFATE
Potassium peroxydisulfate
POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE
POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULPHATE
DIPOTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE
dipotassium peroxodisulphate
DI-POTASSIUM PEROXODISULPHATE
POTASSIUM PERSULFATE, PURIFIED
TNP-201 DECOMPOSITION SOLUTION 1
Peroxydisulfuricacid,dipotassiumsalt
dipotassium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide
peroxydisulfuricacid([(ho)s(o)2]2o2),dipotassiumsalt
Peroxydisulphuric acid dipotassium salt~Potassium peroxydisulphate
Dipotassium disulfate
Potassium peroxodisulfate
Dipotassium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide
Dipotassium peroxodisulphate
dipotassium sulfonatooxy sulfate
Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), dipotassium salt
Peroxydisulfuric acid dipotassium salt
Peroxydisulfuric acid, dipotassium salt
Anthion; Dipotassium peroxydisulfate
Dipotassium persulfate
Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), dipotassium salt
Potassium peroxydisulfate
Potassium peroxydisulfate (K2(S2O8))
Potassium peroxydisulphate
UN1492





POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE
DESCRIPTION:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is widely used as an oxidizing agent.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is the potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid.
Usually potassium peroxymonosulfate refers to the triple salt known as oxone.

CAS Number: 70693-62-8
Formula : HKO5S • 0.5HKO4S • 0.5K2O4S
Molecular weight : 307,38 g/mol
IUPAC name: Potassium peroxysulfate


The standard electrode potential for potassium peroxymonosulfate is +1.81 V with a half reaction generating the hydrogen sulfate (pH = 0):
HSO5− + 2 H+ + 2 e− → HSO4− + H2O

Potassium peroxymonosulfate per se is a relatively obscure salt, but its derivative called oxone is of commercial value.
Oxone refers to the triple salt 2KHSO5•KHSO4•K2SO4.

Oxone has a longer shelf life than does potassium peroxymonosulfate.
A white, water-soluble solid, oxone loses <1% of its oxidizing power per month.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is a liquid oxidizing disinfectant that is often used in wastewater treatment plants.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate has been shown to be effective in the reduction of bacteria and viruses, such as E. coli and H1N1 flu virus, when used in concentrations of 50-100 mg/L.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate may also be used as an alternative to benzalkonium chloride for the decontamination of surfaces.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate can also be used as a chemiluminescent probe to detect nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, in a process called polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

A model system was developed using sodium citrate and anhydrous sodium peroxide to simulate the chemistry of the reaction between Potassium peroxymonosulfate and malonic acid.
This system showed that Potassium peroxymonosulfate reacted with malonic acid to form hydrogen peroxide, which then reacted with other molecules present to produce chemiluminescence.
The untreated group did not show any chem.

The active ingredient of potassium peroxymonosulfate, KHSO5 (CAS 10058-23-8), commonly known as potassium monopersulfate,which is present as a component of a triple salt with the formula 2KHSO5•KHSO4•K2SO4 potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate sulfate (5:3:2:2), [CAS 70693-62-8]).
The oxidizing power of Oxone is derived from its peracid chemistry; it is the first neutralization salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid H2SO5 (also known as Caro’s acid).

Potassium peroxymonosulfate, is a non-chlorinated oxidizer that is excellent for use in a wide variety of applications including pool and spa, cleaning products, paper production, water treatment, oil and gas, and denture cleaning applications.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is present as a component of a triple salt including potassium monopersulfate, potassium sulfate and potassium bisulfate with the formula 2KHSO5•KHSO4•K2SO4.
The oxidation potential of Potassium peroxymonosulfate is derived from its peracid chemistry.

PRODUCTION OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is produced from peroxysulfuric acid, which is generated in situ by combining oleum and hydrogen peroxide.
Careful neutralization of this solution with potassium hydroxide allows the crystallization of the triple salt.

USES OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a white, granular, freeflowing peroxygen that provides powerful non-chlorine oxidation for a wide variety of industrial and consumer uses.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate can be used in swimming pools to keep the water clear, thus allowing chlorine in pools to work to sanitize the water rather than clarify the water, resulting in less chlorine needed to keep pools clean.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate provides powerful non-chlorine oxidation for a wide variety of industrial and consumer uses.
It’s applications may be found in oral hygiene formulations, pool and spa shock and disinfections, paper recycling, printed circuit board etching, wool shrink proofing, precious metal extraction process.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate, also known as MPS, KMPS, potassium monopersulfate, and potassium caroate is a white powder and non-chlorine oxidizer, whose chemical formula is KHSO5.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a strong oxidant with an oxidation potential of similar magnitude to that of chlorine.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is widely used in swimming pools to keep the water clear, thus allowing chlorine in pools to work to sanitize the water rather than clarify the water, resulting in less chlorine needed to keep pools clean.

Cleaning:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used widely for cleaning.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate whitens dentures, disinfects swimming pools, and cleans chips for the manufacture of microelectronics.

Organic chemistry:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a versatile oxidant in organic synthesis.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids; in the presence of alcoholic solvents, the esters may be obtained.

Internal alkenes may be cleaved to two carboxylic acids (see below), while terminal alkenes may be epoxidized.
Sulfides give sulfones, tertiary amines give amine oxides, and phosphines give phosphine oxides.

Further illustrative of the oxidative power of this salt is the conversion of an acridine derivative to the corresponding acridine-N-oxide
Potassium peroxymonosulfate oxidizes sulfides to sulfoxides and then to sulfones.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate converts ketones to dioxiranes.
The synthesis of dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) from acetone is representative.
Dioxiranes are versatile oxidising agents and may be used for the epoxidation of olefins.
In particular, if the starting ketone is chiral then the epoxide may be generated enantioselectively, which forms the basis of the Shi epoxidation.

APPLICATIONS OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as Swimming pool shock oxidizer
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as Printed wiring board microetchant

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as Repulping aid for wet-strength-resin destruction
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as Odor control agent in wastewater treatment

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as Bleach component in denture cleanser and laundry formulations
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as Activator in antimicrobial compositions
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as powerful oxidation and relative safe handling properties are of value.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as Disinfectants: in the pool, spa field recycled water disinfectants
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in Metal processing: printed circuit board cleaning and etching
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in Paper Regeneration: as wet strength paper re-pulping and recycled fiber additives

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in Textiles: can be used as an oxidizing agent, dyeing wool shrink-proof fabric bleach pretreatment
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as Denture cleaners, plaster additives, organic synthesis adjuvants, colorants carpet, water purifying agent

Pharmaceutical/chemical synthesis is the basic raw material for the preparation of Dioxirasnes series catalysts such as DMD and TFD, with its mild reaction conditions, efficient oxidation activity and excellent selectivity, peroxyketone has opened up a new path for asymmetric reaction and natural drug synthesis.
In the design of the olefin asymmetric reaction catalyst, the chiral amine, the chiral imine salt polymerization initiator, the polymerization of vinyl acetate, ethyl acrylate and acrylonitrile, the polymerization of vinyl monomer, the binder and the blending agent can be in situ oxidized.



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Chemical formula: KHSO5
Molar mass: 152.2 g/mol (614.76 g/mol as triple salt)
Appearance: Off-white powder
Solubility in water: Decomposes
Physical state: granular
Color: white
Odor: none
Melting point/range: Decomposes before melting.
Flammability (solid, gas):
The product itself does not burn, but it is slightly oxidizing (active oxygen content ca. 2%).
pH: 2,1 at 30 g/l at 77 °C
Water solubility 357 g/l at 22 °C - soluble
Vapor pressure: < 0,0000017 hPa
Density: 1,100 - 1,400 g/cm3
Relative density: 2,35 at 20 °C
Compound Formula K3H3O18S4
Molecular Weight 307.37
Appearance White Solid
Melting Point 1,069° C (1,956° F)
Boiling Point 1,689° C (3,072° F)
Density 2.66 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O Insoluble; decomposes
Exact Mass 173.879 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 173.879135 Da
Linear Formula 2KHSO5•KHSO4•K2SO4
MDL Number MFCD00011388
EC No. 274-778-7
Beilstein/Reaxys No. N/A
Pubchem CID 21612111
IUPAC Name potassium; oxidooxy hydrogen sulfate
SMILES OS(=O)(=O)OO[O-].[K+]
InchI Identifier InChI=1S/K.H2O6S/c;1-5-6-7(2,3)4/h;1H,(H,2,3,4)/q+1;/p-
InchI Key HVAHYVDBVDILBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Density: 1.15
storage temp.: Store at <= 20°C.
solubility: 250-300g/l soluble
form: solid
Specific Gravity: 1.12-1.20
Color: white
PH: 2-3 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: Soluble in water (100 mg/ml).
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stable. Oxidizer. Incompatible with combustible materials, bases.
InChIKey: HVAHYVDBVDILBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: -3.9 at 25℃


STABILITY OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a very stable peroxygen in the solid state and loses less than 0.5% (relative) of its activity per month when stored under recommended conditions.
However, like all other peroxygens, Potassium peroxymonosulfate undergoes very slow disproportionation with the liberation of heat and oxygen gas.
If a decomposition is associated with high temperature, decomposition of the constituent salts of Potassium peroxymonosulfate may generate sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, or sulfur trioxide.

The stability is reduced by the presence of small amounts of moisture, alkaline chemicals, chemicals that contain water of hydration, transition metals in any form, and/or any material with which Potassium peroxymonosulfate can react.
Since the decomposition of Potassium peroxymonosulfate is exothermic, the decomposition can self-accelerate if storage conditions allow the product temperature to rise.
Aqueous solutions of Potassium peroxymonosulfate are relatively stable when made up at the unmodified pH of the product.

The stability is adversely affected by higher pH, especially above pH 7.
A point of minimum stability exists at about pH 9, at which the concentration of the mono-anion HSO5 - is equal to that of the di-anion SO5.
Cobalt, nickel, and manganese are particularly strong catalysts for the decomposition of Potassium peroxymonosulfate in solution; the degree to which catalysis occurs is dependent onthe concentrations of Potassium peroxymonosulfate and of the metal ion.

SOLUBILITY OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is highly and readily soluble in water.
At 20°C (68°F), the solubility of Potassium peroxymonosulfate in water is >250 g/L.
At concentrations above saturation, potassium sulfate will precipitate, but additional active component, potassium peroxymonosulfate, will remain in solution.


STERILIZATION PRINCIPLE OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is very similar to peracetic acid, and peroxygen bond is connected with sulfur atom and carbon atom respectively, potassium persulfate is an inorganic substance, and disinfection of its active ingredient is monopersulfate ion, which oxidizes the proteins of microorganisms, leading to the death of microorganisms.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a neutral salt, and the acidity of its aqueous solution is caused by the dissolution of potassium hydrogen sulfate in the complex salt to produce hydrogen ions.

However, the stability of potassium hydrogen sulfate in acidic conditions is much better than that in neutral conditions, and it will decompose rapidly under alkaline conditions.
The compound potassium persulfate compound salt is a potassium monopersulfate compound salt disinfectant made of sodium chloride, organic acid and potassium monopersulfate.

In aqueous solution, the chain reaction occurs in water by using the special oxidation ability of potassium monopersulfate, continuously produce new ecological oxygen, hypochlorous acid, free hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide.
Through the new ecological oxygen and free hydroxyl oxidation can change the permeability of the cell membrane to break, so that the normal protective layer, to kill bacteria, fungi, protozoa, Virus of the purpose.



REACTIONS OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is Reagent for the catalytic asymmetric Shi epoxidation.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is Reagent for the synthesis of nitro heteroaromatics in water.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is Reagent for the syntheses of benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles using aryl iodides via C-H functionalization and C-O/S bond formation.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is Reagent used for bromolactonization in the asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-Dubiusamine C.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is Reagent for the benzofuran oxidative dearomatization cascade in the total synthesis of Integrastatin B.






SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.




OTHER NAMES:
Caroat
Oxone
potassium monopersulfate
MPS
KMPS
potassium monopersulfate
potassium caroate
Caroat
Oxone
non-chlorine shock

SYNONYMS OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Oxone
Potassium Monopersulfate
Potassium peroxymonosulfate
Oxone , potassium monopersulfate
PotassiuM 3-sulfotrioxidan-1-ide
potassium 3-sulfotrioxidan-1-ide
Potassium hydrogen monopersulfate
PotassiuM Monopersulfate coMpound
Potassium peroxymonosulfate joyce
Potassiumhydrogenperoxymonosulfate
Potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate
OXONE, MONOPERSULFATE COMPOUNDOXONE, MONOPERSULFATE COMPOUNDOXONE, MONOPERSULFATE COMPOUND
Potassium peroxymonosulfate
(Hydroperoxysulfonyl)oxydanide de potassium
10058-23-8
233-187-4
Caroat
Kalium-(hydroperoxysulfonyl)oxidanid
Kaliumsulfodioxidanid
Monopotassium peroxymonosulfate
Oxone
Potassium (hydroperoxysulfonyl)oxidanide
Potassium hydrogen dioxidan-2-idesulfonate (1:1:1)
POTASSIUM PEROXOSULFATE
Potassium sulfodioxidanide
Sulfodioxidanide de potassium
KHSO5
MFCD01941542
Peroxymonosulfuric acid, monopotassium salt
Peroxymonosulfuricacid, monopotassium salt
POTASSIUM HYDROGEN PERSULFATE
Potassium hydrogenperoxomonosulphate
potassium hydroxy sulfate

POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE
DESCRIPTION:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is widely used as an oxidizing agent, for example, in pools and spas (usually referred to as monopersulfate or "MPS").
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is the potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid. Usually potassium peroxymonosulfate refers to the triple salt known as oxone.

CAS Number: 10058-23-8
Molecular Weight: 307.38
Linear Formula: 2KHSO5 • KHSO4 • K2SO4


The standard electrode potential for potassium peroxymonosulfate is +1.81 V with a half reaction generating the hydrogen sulfate (pH = 0):
HSO5− + 2 H+ + 2 e− → HSO4− + H2O

Potassium peroxymonosulfate per se is a relatively obscure salt, but its derivative called oxone is of commercial value.
Oxone refers to the triple salt 2KHSO5•KHSO4•K2SO4.
Oxone has a longer shelflife than does potassium peroxymonosulfate.
A white, water-soluble solid, oxone loses <1% of its oxidizing power per month.


Potassium peroxymonosulfate, also known as MPS, KMPS, potassium monopersulfate, and potassium caroate is a white powder and non-chlorine oxidizer, whose chemical formula is KHSO5.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a strong oxidant with an oxidation potential of similar magnitude to that of chlorine.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is widely used in swimming pools to keep the water clear, thus allowing chlorine in pools to work to sanitize the water rather than clarify the water, resulting in less chlorine needed to keep pools clean.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is a liquid oxidizing disinfectant that is often used in wastewater treatment plants.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate has been shown to be effective in the reduction of bacteria and viruses, such as E. coli and H1N1 flu virus, when used in concentrations of 50-100 mg/L.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate may also be used as an alternative to benzalkonium chloride for the decontamination of surfaces.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate can also be used as a chemiluminescent probe to detect nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, in a process called polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
A model system was developed using sodium citrate and anhydrous sodium peroxide to simulate the chemistry of the reaction between PMS and malonic acid.
This system showed that Potassium peroxymonosulfate reacted with malonic acid to form hydrogen peroxide, which then reacted with other molecules present to produce chemiluminescence.



PRODUCTION OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Oxone is produced from peroxysulfuric acid, which is generated in situ by combining oleum and hydrogen peroxide.
Careful neutralization of this solution with potassium hydroxide allows the crystallization of the triple salt.

USES OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Cleaning
Oxone is used widely for cleaning.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate whitens dentures, oxidizes organic contaminants in swimming pools, and cleans chips for the manufacture of microelectronics.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Oxone is a versatile oxidant in organic synthesis.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids; in the presence of alcoholic solvents, the esters may be obtained.
Internal alkenes may be cleaved to two carboxylic acids (see below), while terminal alkenes may be epoxidized.

Sulfides give sulfones, tertiary amines give amine oxides, and phosphines give phosphine oxides.
Further illustrative of the oxidative power of this salt is the conversion of an acridine derivative to the corresponding acridine-N-oxide.
Oxone oxidizes sulfides to sulfoxides and then to sulfones.


Oxone converts ketones to dioxiranes.
The synthesis of dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) from acetone is representative.
Dioxiranes are versatile oxidising agents and may be used for the epoxidation of olefins.
In particular, if the starting ketone is chiral then the epoxide may be generated enantioselectively, which forms the basis of the Shi epoxidation.


APPLICATIONS OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in Printed Circuit Board and PCB metal surface treatment.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in Disinfection:mainly used in Animal breeding disinfection.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in Water treatment:Swimming water disinfection and treatment and also Oil field wastewater waste gas treatment.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in Cosmetics, daily-use chemicals.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in Wool Shrinkproofing, Paper Bleaching.



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Chemical formula KHSO5
Molar mass 152.2 g/mol (614.76 g/mol as triple salt)
Appearance Off-white powder
Solubility in water Decomposes
Molecular Weight
361.3 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
14
Rotatable Bond Count
0
Exact Mass
360.82437474 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
360.82437474 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
279Ų
Heavy Atom Count
18
Formal Charge
-4
Complexity
250
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
4
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Appearance
White fluent powder
Active Oxygen(%)
≥4.5
Active Component(KHSO5,%)
≥42.8
Bulk Density(g/cm3)
1.10~1.50
Moisture Content(%)
≤0.15
PH(25°C) 1% solution
2.0-2.4
PH(25°C) 3% solution
1.7-2.0
Particle Size
Through USS#20 sieve(%): 100
Through USS#200 sieve(%): ≤10
Solubility(20°C,g/L)
256
Compound Formula K3H3O18S4
Molecular Weight 307.37
Appearance White Solid
Melting Point 1,069° C (1,956° F)
Boiling Point 1,689° C (3,072° F)
Density 2.66 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O Insoluble; decomposes
Exact Mass 173.879 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 173.879135 Da



SYNONYMS OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Hydrogénosulfate sulfate (hydroperoxysulfonyl)oxydanide de potassium (1:1:2:5) [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Kaliumhydrogensulfatsulfat-(hydroperoxysulfonyl)oxidanid (5:1:1:2) [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Potassium hydrogen sulfate sulfate (hydroperoxysulfonyl)oxidanide (5:1:1:2) [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Potassium monopersulfate triple salt
Potassium peroxomonosulfate
Potassium peroxymonosulfate [Wiki]
[37222-66-5] [RN]
10058-23-8 [RN]
37222-66-5 [RN]
70693-62-8 [RN]
'Caro's acid’
MFCD00040551
Oxone [Wiki]
Oxone(R)
OXONE(R), monopersulfate
OXONE(R), monopersulfate compound
OXONE??, monopersulfate compound





POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a super broad-spectrum disinfection product effective against viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and molds.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is an oxidizing agent that provides broad-spectrum disinfection, including activity against nonenveloped viruses and bacterial spores.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate retains some activity in the presence of organic matter.

CAS Number: 10058-23-8
Molecular Formula: HKO6S
Molecular Weight: 168.16764
EINECS Number: 2331874

Synonyms: Monopotassium peroxymonosulfate, potassium;hydroxy sulfate, Potassium hydrogenperoxomonosulphate, 040ZB27861, Caswell No. 699A, Monopotassium persulfate, Monopotassium peroxymonosulfurate, DTXSID1034840, CARO'S ACID POTASSIUM SALT, UNII-040ZB27861, EINECS 233-187-4, AKOS030228132, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 063604, Peroxymonosulfuric acid, potassium salt (1:1), Q2627730.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a strong oxidant with an oxidation potential of similar magnitude to that of chlorine.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is widely used in swimming pools to keep the water clear, thus allowing chlorine in pools to work to sanitize the water rather than clarify the water, resulting in less chlorine needed to keep pools clean.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate, also known potassium monopersulfate or MPS, is the potassium acid salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid, with the chemical formula KHSO5.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is sold under the trade names Caroat and Oxone, where it exists as a mixture consisting of of 2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4, as pure potassium peroxymonosulfate is unstable and breaks down in the latter two compounds.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate, also known as potassium monopersulfate or potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula KHSO5.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate can be prepared by reacting a concentrated solution of Caro's acid with a potassium salt, such as potassium carbonate.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate can also be used.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate can also be obtained via electrolysis of potassium persulfate in sulfuric acid.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate appears as a byproduct.
Adding hydrogen peroxide to Potassium peroxymonosulfate also yields potassium peroxymonosulfate.
Another method involves the hydrolysis of sodium persulfate at 100 °C to yield peroxydisulfuric acid.

Solid potassium bisulfite is added, and the solution is filtered to remove the resulting Potassium peroxymonosulfate.
The filtrate is freeze-dried and then washed with distilled water and filtered again at room temperature.
The resulting filtrate is chilled on an ice bath, and the product is recrystallized for better purity.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate compound, a white, free flowing crystalline granule, is non-toxic, odorless, and easily soluble in water.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is an efficient, environmentally friendly, and multifunctional acidic oxidant.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is commonly used as an oxidizing agent in swimming pool and spa water treatment products.

It helps to break down organic contaminants, such as body oils and sweat, and eliminates bacteria and algae, keeping the water clean and safe for recreational use.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is employed in household cleaning products, industrial cleaners, and disinfectants due to its strong oxidizing properties.
It effectively removes stains, mold, mildew, and bacteria from surfaces without leaving harmful residues.

In hairdressing and cosmetic products, Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as a bleaching agent to lighten hair color or remove unwanted pigments from dyed hair.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate breaks down the melanin pigments in hair shafts, allowing for color changes or highlights.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is an active ingredient in oxygen-based laundry bleaches and stain removers.

When dissolved in water, it releases active oxygen, which helps to break down and remove stains, dirt, and odors from fabrics without damaging colors or fabrics.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is utilized in various chemical synthesis processes as an oxidizing agent to facilitate reactions, such as epoxidation, sulfonation, and oxidation of organic compounds in laboratory settings and industrial production.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in environmental remediation processes to treat contaminated soil and groundwater.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate can oxidize organic pollutants, such as hydrocarbons and pesticides, into less harmful or more easily biodegradable compounds.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a non chlorine “Shock” product.
It was originally developed for pool use.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used to eliminate organic contamination.
It will not remove combined chlorines.
Therefore, Potassium peroxymonosulfate is not equivalent to “superchlorination” or “”breakpoint chlorination”.

Pools in which Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used will still require a chlorine-based product to reduce elevated combined chlorines (CC) levels.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is mainly used to oxidize organic matter which increases sanitizer efficiency by “freeing up” more product to be used for disinfection.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate itself does not kill pathogens.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is not a disinfectant.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a versatile oxidant.
It oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids.

In the presence of alcoholic solvents, the esters will be obtained.
Internal alkenes may be cleaved to 2 carboxylic acids.
At the same time, terminal alkenes will get epoxidized.

Thioethers provide sulfones, tertiary amines provide amine oxides, and phosphines provide phosphine oxides.
Illustrative of the oxidation power of Potassium peroxymonosulfate is the conversion of an acridine derivative to the corresponding acridine-N-oxide.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is an extremely potent oxidizer.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate also may act as a bactericidal agent as treatment of bacterial spores with this agent leads to damage to the spore’s inner membrane.
Plays a role in oxidative halogenation of various carbonyl and ketone compounds.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate disinfectant was first used in pig farms.

Since 1986, the first disinfection product with potassium monopersulfate as the effective ingredient was introduced, it was been continuously developed and optimized.
At present, potassium monopersulfate disinfectant has been successfully applied to the prevention and control of more than 500 pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and viruses).
It can effectively kill foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), African swine fever (ASF), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRS), Salmonella and campylobacter.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a moderately water and acid soluble Potassium source for uses compatible with sulfates.
Potassium peroxymonosulfates are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal.
Most metal Potassium peroxymonosulfates are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble.

Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions.
Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar cells and fuel cells.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes.

High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.

Typical and custom packaging is available.
Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Technical guidance for using Potassium Sulfate in agriculture is also available.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a strong oxidizer, capable of oxidizing organic substances into various compounds, such as: aldehydes to carboxylic acids, alcoholic solvents to their coresponding esters, cleaving internal alkenes to two carboxylic acids and terminal alkenes to epoxides, ketones to dioxiranes, thioethers to sulfones, tertiary amines to amine oxides and phosphines to phosphine oxides.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate, also known as MPS, KMPS, potassium monopersulfate, and potassium caroate is a white powder and non-chlorine oxidizer, whose chemical formula is KHSO5.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is widely used as an oxidizing agent, for example, in pools and spas (usually referred to as monopersulfate or "MPS").
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is the potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid.
Usually potassium peroxymonosulfate is available as the triple salt 2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4, known as Oxone.

The standard electrode potential for potassium peroxymonosulfate is +1.81 V with a half reaction generating the hydrogen sulfate (pH = 0):
The fifth generation of disinfectant is a new type of active oxygen disinfectant, suitable for all kinds of disinfection, high safety.
HSO−5 + 2H+ + 2e− → HSO−4 + H2O

Oxone is produced from Potassium peroxymonosulfate, which is generated in situ by combining oleum and hydrogen peroxide.
Careful neutralization of this solution with Potassium peroxymonosulfate allows the crystallization of the triple salt.

EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 040ZB27861

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used to sanitize medical equipment, surgical instruments, and laboratory glassware due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.
In various industrial sectors, potassium peroxymonosulfate is used for oxidation reactions, polymerization processes, and wastewater treatment.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is applied in aquaculture systems to maintain water quality and control microbial contamination. It helps to reduce organic matter, ammonia, and harmful pathogens in fish ponds, hatcheries, and recirculating aquaculture systems.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is utilized in waste disposal facilities and landfills to neutralize and decompose organic waste materials.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate can accelerate the degradation of organic matter, reducing the production of foul odors and harmful gases.
In analytical chemistry, potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as a reagent for oxidative assays and titrations.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate can be employed for the determination of various analytes, including organic compounds, metal ions, and reducing agents.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate-based formulations are being explored as potential fire extinguishing agents due to their ability to release oxygen rapidly when activated.
They offer a non-toxic and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional fire suppressants.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate undergoes a chain reaction in water, continuously generating new ecological oxygen and oxidation of free hydroxyl groups, which can change the permeability of cell membranes and rupture them, achieving the purpose of killing bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses.
In addition, new ecological oxygen, hypochlorous acid, and free hydroxyl can kill microorganisms at the same time, and achieve the maximum synergistic sterilization effect after dissolving.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a commonly used oxiding agent.
A 1% solution is reliably bactericidal and virucidal (including nonenveloped viruses).
Despite label claims, independent studies have demonstrated that potassium peroxymonosulfate does not effectively inactivate dermatophyte spores.83

Potassium peroxymonosulfate compound (Potassium Peroxymonosulfate), a stable, convenient and excellent acidity oxidant, is widely used in industries.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in oral hygiene, pool and spa water disinfection, PCB etchant, Pulp bleach, wool fabrics shrink treatment agent, precious metal refining agent.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate compound (Potassium Peroxymonosulfate) is also used in organic synthesis, such as epoxidizing the double bonds of organic molecule, or as initiator in many radical polymerization.

In addition, Potassium peroxymonosulfate compound (Potassium Peroxymonosulfate) can oxidize the hydrogen sulfide or sulfur-containing substances in the waster water, provide oxygen in aquaculture, and bleach to remove stains at low temperature.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate serves as a versatile oxidizing agent in chemical manufacturing, textile processing, and electronics manufacturing.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate converts ketones to dioxiranes.

The synthesis of dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) from acetone is representative.
Potassium peroxymonosulfates are versatile oxidising agents and may be used for the epoxidation of olefins.
In addition to swimming pool and spa sanitation, Potassium peroxymonosulfate is utilized in water treatment processes for other purposes.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate can help to eliminate taste and odor compounds, control algae growth in reservoirs, and remove iron and manganese from drinking water sources.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is employed in medical and healthcare settings for disinfection and sterilization purposes.
In particular, if the starting ketone is chiral then the epoxide may be generated enantioselectively, which forms the basis of the Shi epoxidation.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in denture cleaning products to remove stains, plaque, and bacteria from dental prostheses.
Its powerful oxidizing action helps to maintain the cleanliness and hygiene of dentures.

Uses:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is utilized in household cleaners and disinfectants for its strong oxidizing properties.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in textile processing for desizing, bleaching, and scouring operations.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate helps to remove sizing agents, natural impurities, and residual dyes from fabrics, preparing them for dyeing and finishing.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate finds application in electronics manufacturing processes for the cleaning and etching of printed circuit boards (PCBs).
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used to remove flux residues, soldering fluxes, and other contaminants from PCB surfaces.
In the food industry, it is used as a disinfectant and sanitizer for food contact surfaces, equipment, and utensils.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate helps to eliminate bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens, ensuring food safety and hygiene.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is employed in laboratory settings for analytical chemistry assays, oxidative reactions, and sample preparation.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate serves as an oxidizing reagent for various chemical tests and experiments.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate helps to degrade organic pollutants and neutralize hazardous substances, reducing environmental impact.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used for the cleaning and passivation of metal surfaces in industrial applications.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate helps to remove rust, scale, and surface oxides, enhancing the corrosion resistance and appearance of metal parts.

In the pulp and paper industry, it is employed for pulp bleaching and papermaking processes.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate helps to brighten pulp fibers, improve paper strength, and reduce environmental pollution from chlorine-based bleaching agents.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in cosmetic formulations such as facial cleansers, exfoliating scrubs, and acne treatments.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate helps to remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and promote skin renewal, leading to smoother and clearer complexion.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is utilized in biomedical research for various applications, including cell culture, protein analysis, and molecular biology experiments.
It serves as an oxidizing agent for enzymatic assays and DNA/RNA purification protocols.

In photographic processing, it is used as a bleaching agent and stabilizer for color prints and negatives.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate helps to remove residual silver halides, fix dyes, and enhance image permanence in photographic materials.
In the pulp and paper industry, potassium peroxymonosulfate is utilized for bleaching wood pulp to produce high-quality paper products.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate helps to break down lignin and remove impurities, resulting in bright, clean pulp suitable for papermaking.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used for disinfecting water distribution systems, such as pipes and storage tanks, in municipal water treatment plants and industrial facilities.
It helps to control microbial growth and prevent biofilm formation, ensuring the safety and quality of drinking water.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate serves as an active ingredient in biocide formulations used for controlling microbial growth in various applications, including cooling towers, air conditioning systems, and industrial water treatment processes.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate effectively eliminates bacteria, algae, and fungi, preventing biofouling and corrosion.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is applied for seed disinfection in agriculture to control seedborne pathogens and improve seed germination rates.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate helps to eliminate fungal spores and bacterial contaminants on the seed surface, reducing the risk of crop diseases and improving plant health.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is incorporated into marine antifouling coatings applied to ship hulls and marine structures to prevent the attachment of fouling organisms, such as barnacles, algae, and mollusks.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate inhibits the settlement and growth of marine organisms, reducing drag and fuel consumption for ships.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used for washing fruits and vegetables in food processing facilities to remove dirt, pesticide residues, and microbial contaminants.
It helps to improve the safety and quality of fresh produce by reducing microbial populations and minimizing the risk of foodborne illnesses.
In the healthcare industry, potassium peroxymonosulfate is employed for sterilizing medical devices and surgical instruments in healthcare facilities and sterilization centers.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate provides effective microbial control and ensures the safety of medical equipment for patient use.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in aquariums and aquaculture systems for water treatment and maintenance.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate helps to control ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels, as well as microbial pathogens, to create a healthy aquatic environment for fish and other aquatic organisms.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is investigated for its potential use in oil spill cleanup operations as a dispersant and oxidizing agent.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate helps to break down oil slicks and facilitate the biodegradation of hydrocarbon pollutants in marine environments.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is utilized in electrochemical processes, such as electroplating and electrooxidation, for surface treatment and metal finishing applications.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate serves as an oxidizing agent to remove surface contaminants and improve the adhesion of metal coatings.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is utilized in soil remediation and environmental cleanup projects to treat contaminated soil and groundwater.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate effectively removes stains, mold, mildew, and bacteria from surfaces without leaving harmful residues.

In hairdressing and cosmetic products, Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as a bleaching agent to lighten hair color or remove unwanted pigments from dyed hair.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate breaks down melanin pigments in hair shafts, allowing for color changes or highlights.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is an active ingredient in oxygen-based laundry bleaches and stain removers.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate releases active oxygen, which helps to break down and remove stains, dirt, and odors from fabrics without damaging colors or fabrics.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as an oxidizing agent in various chemical synthesis processes to facilitate reactions such as epoxidation, sulfonation, and oxidation of organic compounds in laboratory settings and industrial production.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is employed in water treatment processes to eliminate taste and odor compounds, control algae growth in reservoirs, and remove iron and manganese from drinking water sources.

In denture cleaning products, Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used to remove stains, plaque, and bacteria from dental prostheses, helping to maintain cleanliness and hygiene.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used for disinfection and sterilization purposes in medical settings.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate helps to sanitize medical equipment, surgical instruments, and laboratory glassware due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is applied in aquaculture systems to maintain water quality and control microbial contamination, reducing organic matter, ammonia, and harmful pathogens in fish ponds and hatcheries.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate accelerates the degradation of organic waste materials in waste disposal facilities and landfills, reducing the production of foul odors and harmful gases.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is widely used as an oxidizing agent.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is the potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid.
Usually Potassium peroxymonosulfate refers to the triple salt known as oxone.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used widely for cleaning.
It whitens dentures, oxidizes organic contaminants in swimming pools, and cleans chips for the manufacture of microelectronics.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a versatile oxidant in organic synthesis.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids; in the presence of alcoholic solvents, the esters may be obtained.
Internal alkenes may be cleaved to two carboxylic acids (see below), while terminal alkenes may be epoxidized.
Sulfides give sulfones, tertiary amines give amine oxides, and phosphines give phosphine oxides.

Further illustrative of the oxidative power of this salt is the conversion of an acridine derivative to the corresponding acridine-N-oxide.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is commonly used as an oxidizing agent in swimming pool and spa water treatment products.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate helps to break down organic contaminants and eliminate bacteria and algae, keeping the water clean and safe for recreational use.

Safety Profile:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a powerful oxidizing agent, which means it can react vigorously with reducing agents, organic materials, and combustible substances.
This property can lead to fire or explosion hazards if it comes into contact with flammable or reactive materials.
Direct contact with potassium peroxymonosulfate can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

Exposure to concentrated solutions or dust may result in redness, itching, burning sensation, and dermatitis.
Protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, should be worn when handling the compound.


POTASSIUM PERSULFATE
Potassium Persulfate is an inorganic salt.
Potassium persulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2S2O8.


CAS Number: 7727-21-1
EC Number: 231-781-8
MDL number: MFCD00011386
Linear Formula: K2S2O8
Molecular Formula: K2O8S2 / K2S2O8



POTASSIUM PERSULFATE, 7727-21-1, Potassium peroxydisulfate, Anthion, Potassium peroxodisulfate, Potassium peroxydisulphate, Dipotassium peroxydisulfate, Dipotassium persulfate, potassium persulphate, Peroxydisulfuric acid, dipotassium salt, dipotassium;sulfonatooxy sulfate, MFCD00011386, 6B86K0MCZC, DTXSID4029690, Caswell No. 700, Dipotassium peroxodisulphate, HSDB 2638, EINECS 231-781-8, UN1492, UNII-6B86K0MCZC, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 063602,
potasium persulfate, potassium persuifate, Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2) , dipotassium salt, potassium monopersulphate, potassium peroxidisulfate,
EC 231-781-8, DIPOTASSIUM PERSULPHATE, DTXCID809690, CHEMBL3186858, POTASSIUM PERSULFATE [MI], USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L, DIPOTASSIUM PEROXYDISULPHATE,
POTASSIUM PERSULFATE [HSDB], POTASSIUM PERSULFATE [INCI], POTASSIUM PERSULFATE [VANDF], Tox21_200798, Peroxydisulfuric acid dipotassium salt, AKOS015950646, NSC 326763, Potassium persulfate, ACS Reagent Grade, NCGC00258352-01, BP-13445, CAS-7727-21-1, FT-0689072, NS00081344, Potassium peroxydisulfate, low nitrogen, ACS, Potassium persulfate [UN1492] [Oxidizer], dipotassium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide, Potassium persulfate, Trace metals grade 99.99%,
Q415226, Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), potassium salt (1:2), KPS, POTASSIUM PEROXODISULFATE, POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE, POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE, PEROXYDISULFURIC ACID, Potassum Suphates, DIPOTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE, anthion, Virkon S, BETZ 2701, Dipotassium disulfate, Potassium peroxodisulfate, Dipotassium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide, Dipotassium peroxodisulphate, dipotassium sulfonatooxy sulfate, Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), dipotassium salt, Peroxydisulfuric acid dipotassium salt,



Potassium Persulfate is a transparent colorless crystal that is a strong oxidizer.
Potassium persulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Also known as potassium peroxydisulfate or KPS, Potassium persulfate is a white solid that is sparingly soluble in cold water, but dissolves better in warm water.


Potassium persulfate is a powerful oxidant, commonly used to initiate polymerizations.
Potassium persulfate, is composed of white crystals that are soluble in water, and it decomposes below 212°F (100°C).
Potassium persulfate is a white crystalline solid.


Specific gravity of Potassium persulfate is 2.477.
Potassium persulfate decomposes below 100°C.
Potassium persulfate is non flammable.


Potassium persulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2S2O8.
Potassium persulfate (Formula is K2S2O8) is also known as potassium peroxydisulfate, molecular weight is 270.32, decomposition temperature is 50-60℃.
Potassium persulfate is white, odorless crystal.


Potassium persulfate is soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol.
Potassium persulfate has strong oxidizing.
Potassium persulfate almost does not absorb moisture.


Potassium persulfate has good stability at room temperature.
Potassium persulfate is easy to be stored, and it has the advantages of convenience and safety, etc.
Potassium persulfate appears as a white crystalline solid.


Specific gravity of Potassium persulfate is 2.477.
Potassium persulfate decomposes below 100 °C.
Potassium persulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2S2O8.


Also known as potassium peroxydisulfate, Potassium persulfate is a white solid that is sparingly soluble in cold water, but dissolves better in warm water.
This salt, Potassium persulfate, is a powerful oxidant, commonly used to initiate polymerizations.
Potassium persulfate completely decomposes at 100 oC.


Potassium persulfate is slightly soluble in water.
Potassium persulfate is not flammable.
Potassium persulfate should be stored in closed, cool and dry places.


Potassium persulfate should be protected from heat and moisture.
Rust and metal dust can cause catalytic decomposition.
When handled carefully, Potassium persulfate does not harm health as crystal and solution.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
Applications of Potassium persulfate involves polymerization initiator, circuit board cleaning and etching, copper and aluminum surface activation, modified starch, pulp and textile bleaching and desizing low temperature, circulating water purification treatment systems, oxidative degradation of harmful gases, low formaldehyde adhesive stick together accelerated oxidation of ethanol and aromatic hydrocarbons, disinfectants, hair dye decolorization.


Potassium persulfate is used as an initiator for emulsion polymerization reactions, in the preparation of acrylic, vinyl, styrene, neoprene, styrene-butadiene, and other resins.
Potassium persulfate is also used in depolymerization in modification of starch, as a booster in hair bleaching formulations in cosmetics, and as a gel breaker in the oil and gas industry.


Potassium persulfate is a powerful oxidant, commonly used to initiate polymerizations.
Potassium Persulphate used for bleaching and textile desizing, as an oxidizing agent and antiseptic, in purification of ammonium sulfate, and in the manufacture of soap and pharmaceuticals.


Potassium persulfate is also used as al laboratory oxidant and photography chemical.
Potassium persulfate is a food additive.
Potassium persulfate is used to initiate the polymerization of styrene to form monodispersed, surfactant-free polystyrene spheres.


Potassium persulfate is used as an oxidant to generate 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation to measure the antioxidant activities of natural compounds.
The primary uses of Potassium persulfate are in bleaching, as an oxidizing agent, as an antiseptic, as a polymerization promoter, and in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.


Potassium persulfate is used bleaching fabrics, soaps; in photography under the name Anthion to remove last traces of thiosulfate from plates and paper; in analytical chemistry.
Potassium persulfate is used to initiate polymerization of various alkenes leading to commercially important polymers such as styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene and related materials.


In solution, the dianion dissociates to give radicals:
[O3SO-OSO3]2− ⇌ 2 [SO4]•−
Potassium persulfate is used in organic chemistry as an oxidizing agent, for instance in the Elbs persulfate oxidation of phenols and the Boyland–Sims oxidation of anilines.


As a strong yet stable bleaching agent Potassium persulfate also finds use in various hair bleaches and lighteners.
Such brief and non-continuous use is normally hazard free, however prolonged contact can cause skin irritation.
Potassium persulfate has been used as an improving agent for flour with the E number E922.


Potassium persulfate is used in bleaching fabrics, soaps; in photography under the name Anthion to remove last traces of thiosulfate from plates and paper; as an oxidizing agent in analytical chemistry.
Potassium persulfate can be used as gluten agent of wheat flour.


Potassium persulfate is mainly used as a disinfectant and fabric bleach.
Potassium persulfate can be used as industrial oxidant in dyes and inorganic salts.
Potassium persulfate can be used as emulsion polymerization initiators in synthetic rubber industry.


Potassium persulfate can be used as polymerization accelerator in synthetic resin.
In addition, Potassium persulfate can also be used in the steel, photographic industry and medicine.
Potassium persulfate can be used as analytical reagents, oxidants and plastic initiator, it can also be used in the film photofinishing.


Potassium persulfate is mainly used as initiator and strong oxidizing agents.
Potassium persulfate is commonly used as bleaching agents, oxidizing agents.
Potassium persulfate can be used as the polymerization initiator.


Applications of Potassium persulfate involves polymerization initiator, circuit board cleaning and etching, copper and aluminum surface activation, modified starch, pulp and textile bleaching and desizing low temperature, circulating water purification treatment systems, oxidative degradation of harmful gases, low formaldehyde adhesive stick together accelerated oxidation of ethanol and aromatic hydrocarbons, disinfectants, hair dye decolorization.


Initiator uses of Potassium persulfate: Potassium persulfate is the initiator of latex or solution polymerization of acrylic monomers, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and other product, and it is also the initiator of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene and the like emulsion for copolymerization.
Potassium persulfate is used to initiate polymerization of various alkenes leading to commercially important polymers such as styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene and related materials.


In solution, the dianion dissociates to give radicals:
[O3SO-OSO3]2− ⇌ 2 [SO4]•−
Potassium persulfate is used in organic chemistry as an oxidizing agent, for instance in the Elbs persulfate oxidation of phenols and the Boyland–Sims oxidation of anilines.


As a strong yet stable bleaching agent Potassium persulfate also finds use in various hair bleaches and lighteners.
Such brief and non-continuous use is normally hazard-free.
Potassium persulfate is used in the polymerization of acrylonitrile, usually with alkali sulphides, in the production of polyacrylonitrile fiber, in the polymerization of various monomers; as an oxidant in the textile industry; in the oxidation of sulfur dyes; in metal, photography and cosmetic industries;

In the production of various chemicals; purification of ammonium sulfate; as an antiseptic.
Potassium persulfate is used in soap production and pharmaceutical production.
Potassium persulfate is the initiator of latex or solution polymerization of acrylic monomers, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and other product, and is also the initiator of emulsion of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene and so on for copolymerization.


Potassium persulfate is mainly used as initiators and strong oxidizing agents
Potassium persulfate is used as a desizing agent and bleach activator.
Potassium persulfate is used for oxidative degradation of harmful substances in the pool and closed circular cycle in water.


Potassium persulfate can be applied in the production of starch modifier and applied in the production of adhesive and coating agent.
Potassium persulfate is applicable to branched chain oxidation, alcohol and aromatic hydroxy oxidation.
Potassium persulfate is used in the polymerization of acrylonitrile, in the production of polyacrylonitrile fibers, usually with alkali sulphides, in the emulsion polymerization of monomers.


Potassium persulfate is used as an oxidizer in the textile industry.
Potassium persulfate is used sulfur in the oxidation of dyes.
Potassium persulfate is used in the metal, photography and cosmetic industries.
Potassium persulfate is used in the production of various chemicals.


-Strong oxidizing agent uses of Potassium persulfate:
Potassium persulfate is used as desizing agent and bleach activator.
Potassium persulfate is used for oxidative degradation of harmful substances in pool and closed circular loop in water.
Potassium persulfate can be applied in the production of starch modifier and applied in the production of adhesive and coating agent.
Potassium persulfate can be applied in the branched-chain oxidation, alcohol and aromatic hydroxy oxidation.
Potassium persulfate is one of the basic constituent of hair dyes, it plays the role of decolorization.



AiIR & WATER REACTIONS OF POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
Potassium persulfate is water soluble.
Slowly decomposed by water.
The salt rapidly liberates oxygen when heated, and especially so when wet.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
Potassium persulfate is an oxidizing agent.
Potassium persulfate is noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible material.
Potassium persulfate plus a little potassium hydroxide and water released sufficient heat and oxygen to ignite a polythene (polyethylene) liner in a container



PREPARATION OF POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
Potassium persulfate can be prepared by electrolysis of a mixture of potassium sulfate and potassium hydrogen sulfate at a high current density:
2KHSO4→K2S2O8+ H2
Also, the compound can be prepared by adding potassium hydrogen sulfate, KHSO to an electrolyzed solution of ammonium hydrogen sulfate, NH4HSO4.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
Potassium persulfate is colorless or white crystals; triclinic structure; density 2.477 g/cm3; stable in solid crystalline form; decomposes on heating, evolving oxygen; completely decomposes at about 100°C; sparingly soluble in cold water 1.75 g/100mL at 0°C; moderately soluble at ordinary temperature, 5.29 g/100 mL at 20°C;aqueous solution acidic and unstable, decomposing slowly at room temperature and more rapidly when the solution is warmed; insoluble in alcohol.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
Potassium persulfate is a colourless odourless crystals or white powder.
Potassium persulfate is a colorless or white, odorless crystalline material.
Potassium persulfate is colorless or white triclinic crystalline powder.
Potassium persulfate is soluble in water, the solubility is 1.75g/100ml water at 0℃, the solubility is 5.3g/100ml water at 20℃.
Potassium persulfate is insoluble in alcohol. Queous solution is acidic.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
*Potassium sulfate method
Ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid formulates to form liquid electrolyte, it is decontaminated by electrolysis, HSO4-can discharge and generate peroxydisulfate acidat in the anode, and then reacts with ammonium sulfate to generate ammonium persulfate, Then replacement reaction can happen when potassium is added .

The finished product of potassium persulfate can be obtained after cooling, separation, crystallization, drying.
Anode reaction: 2HSO4-2e → H2S2O8
Cathodic reaction: 2H ++ 2e → H2 ↑

(NH4) 2SO4 + H2S2O8 → (NH4) 2S2O8 + H2SO4
(NH4) 2S2O8 + K2SO4 + H2SO4 → K2S2O8 + 2NH4HSO4
It can be derived by replacement reaction with ammonium persulfate potassium sulfate, then it goes through cooling, separation, crystallization, drying.



STRUCTURE OF POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
The sodium and potassium salts are very similar.
In the potassium salt, the O-O distance is 1.495 Å.
The individual sulfate groups are tetrahedral, with three short S-O distances near 1.43 and one long S-O bond at 1.65 Å.



PREPARATION OF POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
Potassium persulfate can be prepared by electrolysis of a cold solution potassium bisulfate in sulfuric acid at a high current density.
2 KHSO4 → K2S2O8 + H2

Potassium persulfate can also be prepared by adding potassium bisulfate (KHSO4) to a solution of the more soluble salt ammonium peroxydisulfate (NH4)2S2O8.
In principle Potassium persulfate can be prepared by chemical oxidation of potassium sulfate using fluorine.
Several million kilograms of the ammonium, sodium, and potassium salts of peroxydisulfate are produced annually.



RECRYSTALLIZATION OF POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
Potassium persulfate dissolves in 30℃ water, cools, then the recrystallized product can be obtained, it is filtered and dried under reduced pressure in the presence of calcium chloride.



SOLUBILITY IN WATER (g/100ml), POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
Grams which dissolves in per 100 ml of water: 4.7g/20 ℃.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
Molecular Weight: 270.32
Molecular Weight : 270.3 kg/kmol
Specific Gravity : 2,480 kg/m³
pH Value (%5 solution) : 3-7
Thermal Decomposition : ≥65°C
Solubility in Water : 6(25 °C) 17(50 °C) (g/100 g H2O)
Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: 100 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: > 600 °C

Decomposition temperature: 170 °C
pH 2,5 - 4,5 at 27 g/l at 25 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 52,77 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
Not applicable for inorganic substances
Vapor pressure: < 0,1 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 2,477 g/cm3
Relative density: 1,39 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: 9,33 - (Air = 1.0)
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: The substance or mixture is classified as oxidizing with the category 3.
Other safety information:
Relative vapor 9,33 - (Air = 1.0)

Compound Formula: K2O8S2
Molecular Weight: 270.32
Appearance: White powder or crystals
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 2.477 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 269.830872
Monoisotopic Mass: 269.830872
Appearance: white, finely crystalline solid
Assay: (typically) ca. 99.0 % w/w
Active oxygen: (AO, typically) ca. 5.9 % w/w

Acid: (calculated as H2SO4, typically) ca. 0.05 % w/w
Iron content: (typically) ca. 1 mg/kg
Bulk density: ca. 1100 kg/m3
Melting point: (decomposition)
Solubility in water: at 10 / 20 / 40 / 60 °C ca. 30 / 50 / 105 / 210 g/L
pH of a 1 % solution in water: ca. 3.7
pH of a 10 % solution in water: ca. 3.1
Decomposition temperature: (SADT)* 170 °C
Recommended storage temperature: < 30 °C
Storage: stability as from date of delivery 12 months
Moisture content: (typically) < 0.03 % w/w
Density: 2.477 g/cm3
Melting Point: 100 °C (decomposition)

pH value: 2.5 - 4.5 (27 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 1150 kg/m3
Solubility: 50 g/l
Molecular Weight: 270.33
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 269.8308723
Monoisotopic Mass: 269.8308723
Topological Polar Surface Area: 150 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 206

Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Formula: K₂O₈S₂
Appearance: White to Off-White Solid
Melting Point: No data available
Molecular Weight: 270.32
Storage: 20°C
Solubility: Water (Slightly)
Molecular Formula :K2O8S2
Molar Mass: 270.32
Density: 2.47

Melting Point: 1067 °C
Boling Point: 1689 °C
Water Solubility: 5 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Solubility: H2O: 0.5M at20°C, clear, colorless
Vapor Presure: 0 Pa at 25℃
Vapor Density: 9.3 (vs air)
Appearance: Solid
Specific Gravity: 2.477
Color: White
Odor: Odorless
Exposure Limit: ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Merck: 14,7656
PH: 3.2 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)

Storage Condition: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
Stability: Stable.
Properties: colorless or white triclinic crystal powder.
relative density: 2.477
solubility: soluble in water, solubility: 1.75g/100ml water at 0 ℃,
solubility: 5.3g/100ml water at 20 ℃.
Insoluble in alcohol.
The aqueous solution was acidic.
Melting point: 1067 °C
Boiling point: 1689 °C
Density: 2.47
vapor density: 9.3 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 25℃
storage temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 0.5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Solid

Specific Gravity: 2.477
color: White
PH: 3.2 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 2.5 - 4.5
Water Solubility: 5 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,7656
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.
Strong oxidizer.
Incompatible with strong reducing agents,
organic materials, combustible materials.
InChIKey: USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: -1 at 20℃
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): POTASSIUM PERSULFATE
FDA 21 CFR: 172.210; 175.105; 175.210; 176.170; 177.2600

CAS DataBase Reference: 7727-21-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 3-6
FDA UNII: 6B86K0MCZC
EPA Substance Registry System: Potassium persulfate (7727-21-1)
Cosmetics Info: Potassium Persulfate
Compound Formula: K2O8S2
Molecular Weight: 270.32
Appearance: White powder or crystals
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 2.477 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 269.830872
Monoisotopic Mass: 269.830872

Linear Formula: K2O8S2
MDL Number: MFCD00011386
EC No.: 231-781-8
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 24412
IUPAC Name: dipotassium; sulfonatooxy sulfate
SMILES: [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS(=O)(=O)[O-].[K+].[K+]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/2K.H2O8S2/c;;1-9(2,3)7-8-10(4,5)6/h;;(H,1,2,3)(H,4,5,6)/q2*+1;/p-2
InchI Key: USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Melting point: 1067 °C
Boiling point: 1689 °C
density: 2.47
vapor density: 9.3 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 25℃
storage temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.

solubility: H2O: 0.5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Solid
Specific Gravity: 2.477
color: White
PH: 3.2 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 2.5 - 4.5
Water Solubility: 5 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,7656
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
InChIKey: USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: -1 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 7727-21-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Potassium persulfate (7727-21-1)



FIRST AID MEASURES of POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POTASSIUM PERSULFATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


POTASSIUM PERSULFATE
Potassium Persulfate IUPAC Name dipotassium;sulfonatooxy sulfate Potassium Persulfate InChI 1S/2K.H2O8S2/c;;1-9(2,3)7-8-10(4,5)6/h;;(H,1,2,3)(H,4,5,6)/q2*+1;/p-2 Potassium Persulfate InChI Key USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Potassium Persulfate Canonical SMILES [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS(=O)(=O)[O-].[K+].[K+] Potassium Persulfate Molecular Formula K2S2O8 Potassium Persulfate CAS 7727-21-1 Potassium Persulfate Deprecated CAS 106015-10-5, 1001387-46-7 Potassium Persulfate European Community (EC) Number 231-781-8 Potassium Persulfate ICSC Number 1133 Potassium Persulfate RTECS Number SE0400000 Potassium Persulfate UN Number 1492 Potassium Persulfate UNII 6B86K0MCZC Potassium Persulfate DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID4029690 Potassium Persulfate Physical Description Potassium persulfate appears as a white crystalline solid. Specific gravity 2.477. Decomposes below 100°C. Potassium Persulfate Color/Form COLORLESS, TRICLINIC CRYSTALS Potassium Persulfate Odor ODORLESS Potassium Persulfate Solubility 1.75 G IN 100 CC OF WATER @ 0 °C Potassium Persulfate Density 2.477 Potassium Persulfate Vapor Density 2.48 Potassium Persulfate Stability/Shelf Life GRADUALLY DECOMP LOSING AVAIL OXYGEN, MORE QUICKLY AT HIGHER TEMP, COMPLETELY AT ABOUT 100 °C Potassium Persulfate Decomposition Dangerous when heated to decomp, emits highly toxic fumes of /sulfur oxides/. Potassium Persulfate pH AQUEOUS SOLN IS ACIDIC Potassium Persulfate Refractive Index INDICES OF REFRACTION: 1.461, 1.467, 1.566 Potassium Persulfate Other Experimental Properties Decomposes below 100 °C Potassium Persulfate Molecular Weigh 270.33 g/mol Potassium Persulfate Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0 Potassium Persulfate Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 8 Potassium Persulfate Rotatable Bond Count 1 Potassium Persulfate Exact Mass 269.830872 g/mol Potassium Persulfate Monoisotopic Mass 269.830872 g/mol Potassium Persulfate Topological Polar Surface Area 150 Ų Potassium Persulfate Heavy Atom Count 12 Potassium Persulfate Formal Charge 0 Potassium Persulfate Complexity 206 Potassium Persulfate Isotope Atom Count 0 Potassium Persulfate Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Potassium Persulfate Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Potassium Persulfate Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Potassium Persulfate Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Potassium Persulfate Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 3 Potassium Persulfate Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Potassium Persulfate appears as a white crystalline solid. Specific gravity 2.477. Decomposes below 100°C.Potassium Persulfate appears as a white crystalline solid. Specific gravity 2.477. Decomposes below 100°C.Potassium Persulfate is an oxidizing agent. Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible material. Potassium Persulfate plus a little potassium hydroxide and water released sufficient heat and oxygen to ignite a polythene (polyethylene) liner in a container.Potassium Persulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2S2O8. Also known as potassium peroxydisulfate or KPS, it is a white solid that is sparingly soluble in cold water, but dissolves better in warm water. This salt is a powerful oxidant, commonly used to initiate polymerizations.Potassium Persulfate can be prepared by electrolysis of a cold solution potassium bisulfate in sulfuric acid at a high current density.Potassium Persulfate (Formula is K2S2O8) is also known as potassium peroxydisulfate, molecular weight is 270.32, decomposition temperature is 50-60℃, it is white, odorless crystal, it is soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol, it has strong oxidizing, it is commonly used as bleaching agents, oxidizing agents, it can be used as the polymerization initiator, it almost does not absorb moisture, it has good stability at room temperature, it is easy to be stored, and it has the advantages of convenience and safety, etc. . Applications involves polymerization initiator, circuit board cleaning and etching, copper and aluminum surface activation, modified starch, pulp and textile bleaching and desizing low temperature, circulating water purification treatment systems, oxidative degradation of harmful gases, low formaldehyde adhesive stick together accelerated oxidation of ethanol and aromatic hydrocarbons, disinfectants, hair dye decolorization.Potassium Persulfate dissolves in 30℃ water, cools, then the recrystallized product can be obtained, it is filtered and dried under reduced pressure in the presence of calcium chloride.Potassium Persulfate is mainly used as initiator and strong oxidizing agents.Potassium Persulfate is the initiator of latex or solution polymerization of acrylic monomers, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and other product, and it is also the initiator of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene and the like emulsion for copolymerisation.Potassium Persulfate powder has stimulating effect on nasal mucosa, packaging should be ventilated to prevent dust. Labour protection appliance should be dressed at work.Potassium Persulfate is non-flammable, it is combustion-supporting which due to it can release of oxygen, storage environment must be dry and clean, well-ventilated. Pay attention to moisture and rain, it should not be transported in rain. Keep away from fire, heat and direct sunlight. It should be kept sealed packaging, labels should be intact and clear. It should be stored separately with flammable or combustible materials, organic compounds, as well as rust, small amount of metal, and other reducing substance, it should avoid mix to prevent causing decomposition of Potassium Persulfate and explosion.Ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid formulates to form liquid electrolyte, it is decontaminated by electrolysis, HSO4-can discharge and generate peroxydisulfate acidat in the anode, and then reacts with ammonium sulfate to generate ammonium persulfate, Then replacement reaction can happen when potassium is added . The finished product of Potassium Persulfate can be obtained after cooling, separation, crystallization, drying.Potassium Persulfate is a colorless or white, odorless crystalline material.Potassium Persulfate can be prepared by electrolysis of a mixture of potassium sulfate and potassium hydrogen sulfate at a high current density:2KHSO4→K2S2O8+ H2.Also, the compound can be prepared by adding potassium hydrogen sulfate,KHSOto an electrolyzed solution of ammonium hydrogen sulfate, NH4HSO4.Potassium Persulfate is an oxidizing agent. Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible material. Potassium Persulfate plus a little potassium hydroxide and water released sufficient heat and oxygen to ignite a polythene (polyethylene) liner in a container.Potassium Persulfate is used as a bleaching and oxidizing agent; it is used in redox polymeri- zation catalysts; in the defiberizing of wet strength paper and in the desizing of textiles. Soluble in water.UN1492 Potassium Persulfate, Hazard Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer.Using a rock tumbler, they ground acrylamide and various solid initiators, including benzoyl peroxide, AIBN, Potassium Persulfate, ceric ammonium nitrate, ceric ammonium sulfate, bromate/malonic acid, lead dioxide, and lithium nitrate.Potassium Persulfate is used as free-radical initiator for polymerization. The resulting latex was coagulated, filtered, and dried under reduced pressure followed by extraction of nanocomposites.This emulsifier free reaction system consists of deionized water, a water-soluble initiator (i.e. Potassium Persulfate (KPS)), and monomers, such as acryl or vinyl monomers. The stabilization of polymeric nanoparticles in such a process takes place via the use of ionizable initiators or ionic co-monomers.Deionized water, a water-soluble initiator (i.e., Potassium Persulfate), and monomers are the reagents used in an emulsifier-free system. The polymerization reaction was triggered by Potassium Persulfate and the mixture was heated to 60°C under stirring for 12 h. CS and Potassium Persulfate were dissolved in acetic acid solution under stirring. Macleod et al.416 reported very fast polymerizations and low PDIs by selecting TEMPO and Potassium Persulfate (KPS) for the polymerization of styrene at 135 °C, even though a large proportion of chains were eventually dead.Potassium Persulfate is a transparent colorless crystal that is a strong oxidizer. It is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.Potassium Persulfate plus a little potassium hydroxide and water released sufficient heat and oxygen to ignite a polythene (polyethylene) liner in a container.The present work describes the static etching and chemical mechanical polishing process of Cu and Co, which were conducted by Potassium Persulfate (K2S2O8) as an oxidizer at various pH values.The present invention relates to a method for producing Potassium Persulfate. Potassium Persulfate is widely used industrially as a polymerization initiator for polyvinyl chloride and polyacrylonitrile.The ammonium persulfate crystals thus obtained are redissolved in the next step and sent to the reaction step with potassium hydroxide. In the reaction step, a Potassium Persulfate-containing solution is obtained, concentrated and separated by vacuum crystallization, centrifugation, etc., and taken out as crystals. As described above, the method for producing Potassium Persulfate by the reaction of ammonium persulfate and potassium hydroxide requires a very long number of steps, and the yield of Potassium Persulfate based on ammonium persulfate is low. I can not say.Under such circumstances, attempts have been made to obtain Potassium Persulfate by direct electrolysis without going through ammonium persulfate. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 50-133196 describes a method for producing Potassium Persulfate using potassium hydrogen sulfate as a raw material. In this method, a special electrolytic cell and an expensive titanium cathode must be used. In spite of this, in reality, only low current efficiency can be obtained, and no practical manufacturing method has been developed.The present invention solves the problems in the method for producing Potassium Persulfate described above and provides a method for producing Potassium Persulfate by an industrially advantageous method.As a result of diligent research to overcome these drawbacks, the inventors have conducted a process for producing ammonium persulfate by electrolysis, a reaction process for directly adding potassium hydroxide to the resulting anodic product, and concentration and separation of Potassium Persulfate. A method for producing Potassium Persulfate comprising the steps of: In addition, it is found that Potassium Persulfate can be produced economically advantageously by recycling a part of the crystallization mother liquor after concentration and separation of Potassium Persulfate to the Potassium Persulfate production step, and the present invention is completed. It came to.Potassium persulfate (Formula is K2S2O8) is also known as potassium peroxydisulfate, molecular weight is 270.32, decomposition temperature is 50-60℃, it is white, odorless crystal, it is soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol, it has strong oxidizing, it is commonly used as bleaching agents, oxidizing agents, it can be used as the polymerization initiator, it almost does not absorb moisture, it has good stability at room temperature, it is easy to be stored, and it has the advantages of convenience and safety, etc. . Applications involves polymerization initiator, circuit board cleaning and etching, copper and aluminum surface activation, modified starch, pulp and textile bleaching and desizing low temperature, circulating water purification treatment systems, oxidative degradation of harmful gases, low formaldehyde adhesive stick together accelerated oxidation of ethanol and aromatic hydrocarbons, disinfectants, hair dye decolorization.Potassium persulfate is non-flammable, it is combustion-supporting which due to it can release of oxygen, storage environment must be dry and clean, well-ventilated. Pay attention to moisture and rain, it should not be transported in rain. Keep away from fire, heat and direct sunlight. It should be kept sealed packaging, labels should be intact and clear. It should be stored separately with flammable or combustible materials, organic compounds, as well as rust, small amount of metal, and other reducing substance, it should avoid mix to prevent causing decomposition of potassium persulfate and explosion.Potassium sulphate, also called sulphate of potash, is a white crystalline material, moderately hygroscopic, available in fine, granular and semi-granular forms. It contains 48 to 54% potassium (as K2O) and supplies 17 to 20 % of sulphate. Chloride-sensitive crops like tobacco, grapes and potato require chloride-free potassium fertilizers. Therefore, these crops are fertilized with potassium sulphate, although this is more expensive than potassium chloride. These three crops, being major crops, account for about 7% of the total potash consumption. For best results, potassium sulphate should contain at least 50 % potash by weight.Preparation of the penicillin-enzyme electrode - Three grams of acrylamide and 0.58 g of N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide are dissolved in 25 cm3 of 0.1 M Tris buffer at pH 7. Three mg each of riboflavin and potassium persulphate are added to catalyze photopolymerization. To 1 cm3 of the above solution add 125 mg of penicillinase. A glass electrode is washed well with distilled water, wiped dry with tissue paper, and mounted upside down. A 1-in. × 1-in. piece of Nylon net (350 µm) is placed over the glass bulb of the electrode and held in place with a thin wire wrapped near the glass bulb. The electrode is mounted inside a glass tube (2 cm i.d.) which is continuously flushed with nitrogen. A 500 W GE reflector lamp may be used to photopolymerization. To prevent any heat transfer from the lamp to the electrode, a glass tank 9 cm thick filled with water should be placed between them.The enzyme-gel solution is added drop-wise to the electrode. Normally a total of only 8-10 drops is needed. During the addition of the enzyme-gel solution and for approximately 40 min thereafter, the electrode should be exposed to the light source. After polymerization is complete, a second piece of nylon netting is placed over the gel layer and held in place with an O-ring. The electrode is then equilibrated in pH 7 Tris buffer for a period of not less than 24 h prior to use. The electrode is stored in a refrigerator to preserve enzyme activity.In emulsion polymerization, the layered nanomaterials are dispersed in the aqueous phase, and the polymer nanocomposites are formed. In this process, the distilled monomer is dispersed in the aqueous phase with the aid of sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant. Potassium persulfate is used as free-radical initiator for polymerization. The resulting latex was coagulated, filtered, and dried under reduced pressure followed by extraction of nanocomposites. Ju-Young Kim et al. synthesised polyurethane/clay nanocomposites using Na+-montmorillonite (Na+-MMT)/amphiphilic urethane precursor (APU) chains that have hydrophilic polyethylene oxide (PEO) chains and hydrophobic segments at the same molecules. Nanocomposites synthesized using APU/Na+-MMT emulsions, having microphase separated structure have greater tensile strength than those prepared with melt-mixed APU/Na+-MMT mixtures .Thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites are mostly prepared by solvent blending, melt blending, in situ polymerization and reaction extrusion. Thermoplastics polyurethane reactive extrusion involves the in situ polymerization of polyol, diisocyanate, and chain extender in a twin-screw extruder. Nanomaterials are introduced as powder form through side feeder or predispersed into the polyol liquid precursor. Chemical modification of polymers is carried out by this route. The extruder is used as a continuous chemical reactor for polymerization. This method involves extruder parameter control as well as chemical reaction control. Some of the advantages of reaction extrusion are the absence of solvent, use of high-viscosity polymers, flexible-processing conditions, prevention of thermal degradation, safe handling of nanomaterials, and so on.This methodology gained significant popularity due to its simple, green process for preparation of polymeric nanoparticles without the use of stabilizing surfactants and the inconvenience of removing them afterwards.9–13 This emulsifier free reaction system consists of deionized water, a water-soluble initiator (i.e. potassium persulfate (KPS)), and monomers, such as acryl or vinyl monomers. The stabilization of polymeric nanoparticles in such a process takes place via the use of ionizable initiators or ionic co-monomers. In one study, PMMA nanoparticles were prepared by using this methodology, in which polymerization was stimulated with microwave irradiation.14 It was reported that the average particle size was primarily controlled by the monomer methyl methacrylate concentration. The particle size increased from 103 nm to 215 nm when the concentration was increased from 0 to 0.3 mol/L. Further, the nanoparticle size could be controlled by using cross-linkers with enhanced reactivity through a one-step microwaving process. The size of the nanoparticles was successfully controlled by limiting the cross-linking to intra-particle cross-linking rather than inter-particle cross-linking.15 Polyacrylate nanoparticles were prepared by employing sodium salt hydrate (NaSS) as the stabilizing agent, with a particle size of 172.5 nm; a reduction in particle size from 263.4 nm to 172.5 nm was observed with manipulation of NaSS concentration.16 Polystyrene nanoparticles of particle size 200–250 nm were prepared using ultrasonic irradiation, an anionic ionizable water-soluble initiator, KPS, and cetyl alcohol as the co-stabilizer.17 Emulsion polymerization has several advantages, but its applications are limited by its disadvantages, such as inability to synthesize, monodisperse and precisely control particle size.In the conventional emulsion polymerization systems, surfactants need to be eliminated from the final product. Removal of surfactants is a time-consuming process that increases the cost of production. Surfactant-free emulsion polymerization without using additional additives can overcome this drawback and make the preparation process simple and convenient. Deionized water, a water-soluble initiator (i.e., potassium persulfate), and monomers are the reagents used in an emulsifier-free system. Stabilization of PNPs is achieved by the use of ionizable initiators or ionic comonomers. In such a polymerization system, nucleation and particle growth have been provided with micellar-like nucleation and homogeneous nucleation mechanisms.Dong et al. have fabricated N-halamine-based antibacterial polystyrene NPs with different particle size ranging from 91.5 to 562.5 nm by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization with 5-allylbarbituric acid serving as the N-halamine precursor. Researchers have discovered that the particle size of NPs was controllable by tuning the experimental parameters such as monomer concentration, initiator concentration, and ionic strength.Chitosan-methyl methacrylate (CS-M) was prepared by free radical polymerization of CS and methyl methacrylate . Briefly, CS was dissolved in 2.0% acetic acid solution and then 0.5 mL of methyl methacrylate was added into the flask. After degassing, the flask was sealed and the solution was bubbled with dried nitrogen for 10 min prior to polymerization. The polymerization reaction was triggered by potassium persulfate and the mixture was heated to 60°C under stirring for 12 h. The resultant suspension was dialyzed in ultrapure water for 24 h through the semipermeable membrane (10 kDa) to remove the unreactive materials and then dried under vacuum at room temperature.Chitosan-acrylic acid-methyl methacrylate (CS-AM) nanohydro-gel was obtained by graft polymerization of CS, acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate. CS and potassium persulfate were dissolved in acetic acid solution under stirring. Then 0.2 mL of acrylic acid was added and the mixture was heated to 60°C under nitrogen stream. After 1 h, 0.3 mL of methyl methacrylate was added. The graft polymerization was allowed to proceed for 12 h with continuous agitation. The resultant nanosuspension was dialyzed in ultrapure water for 24 h and dried under vacuum at room temperature.CS-acrylic acid-methyl methacrylate-N-isopropylacrylamide (CS-AMNP) was prepared by grafting N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) on CS-AM. CS-AM nanohydrogel was prepared as mentioned earlier. NIPAM was added into the dialyzed CS-AM nanosuspension, and then MBA was added as the crosslinker. The reaction was carried out at 25°C with stirring for 6 h. Finally, the nanohydrogel was dialyzed in ultrapure water for 24 h and dried under vacuum at room temperature.The drug-loaded nanohydrogel suspensions were prepared by incubating the PBS of 5-Fu for 4 h at 25°C. The solution was then dialyzed in ultrapure water for 6 h to remove the nonloaded 5-Fu. Then, the 5-Fu-loaded nanohydrogel suspension was obtained in the semipermeable membrane. The 5-Fu was loaded on the CS-based nanohydrogel by hydrogen bonding interaction between 5-Fu and the nanohydrogels. Additionally, van der Waals interactions existed between the 5-Fu and NIPAM side chains in the CS-AMNP nanohydrogel.In this situation, the polymerization starts in the aqueous phase and conducts the formation of oligoradicals and oligomeric alkoxyamines that enter the monomer droplets, hence becoming the primary locus of polymerization.Macleod et al.416 reported very fast polymerizations and low PDIs by selecting TEMPO and potassium persulfate (KPS) for the polymerization of styrene at 135 °C, even though a large proportion of chains were eventually dead. Interestingly, when TEMPO was replaced by the more hydrophilic TEMPO-OH, evolution of Mn with conversion was affected and a poor control in the early stages of the polymerization was noticed, likely due to the lack of free nitroxide in the organic phase.413 This highlighted the crucial importance of the aqueous phase kinetics and the partition coefficient of the nitroxides on the outcome of the miniemulsion polymerization.The use of K2S2O8/Na2S2O5 redox initiating system in conjunction with SG1 allowed the polymerization rate of styrene to be enhanced compared to its counterpart with AIBN at 90 °C.415,418 An optimal [SG1]0/[KPS]0 ratio of 1.2 was found to be the best compromise regarding a fast polymerization and a good quality of control. Following an induction period necessary to the in situ formation of SG1-based alkoxyamines, styrene conversion reached 90% in 8 h with molar masses in good agreement with the predicted values and PDIs in the 1.5–2.0 range.Two different strategies can be applied to synthesize chemical cross-linked networks: free-radical polymerization of monomers and cross-linking agents (cross-linking polymerization) or cross-linking of pre-build polymers (polymer cross-linking). Despite numerous existing techniques for both strategies, the most common synthetic route is the free-radical copolymerization of vinyl monomers (styrene, AAm, etc.) with a small amount of divinyl cross-linkers (divinylsulfon, bisacrylamide, etc.). Typical monomers to obtain responsive networks by this technique are AAc and NIPAAm (and their derivates, see Table 2 and Figure 6). Mainly N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (BIS) is used as cross-linker. Bulk gels are easily obtained by just mixing monomer and cross-linker in solution followed by an initiating reaction (NIPAAm typical: potassium persulfate (KPS) and tetramethylethylendiamine (TEMED), AAC: KPS and heating). Performing suspension or emulsion polymerization networks with smaller sizes (microgels) can be obtained.Polymer cross-linking can be performed by reacting polymers bearing functional groups (e.g., –OH, –COOH) with suitable bifunctional molecules. If the functional groups are photoactive, irradiation with UV light will result in networks (principle shown in Figure 8). Furthermore, some polymers can be cross-linked by high-energy irradiation (electron or γ-rays). A striking advantage of the last approach is that no additives are necessary and that no unreacted monomers remain in the gel structure, which is an essential requirement for some applications. A lot of responsive polymers can be cross-linked by high-energy irradiation. In particular, nanogels are accessible by pulse irradiation155,161 (γ-rays) of dilute polymer solution (intramolecular cross-linking).Another chemical cross-linking reaction forming thin hydrogel layers involved the preparation of reactive isocyanate prepolymers followed by simple heat curing.162 Fibrous membranes and monolithic films can be prepared from aqueous mixture of PVA and PAAc at 3.5 COOH/OH molar composition via electrospinning and solution cast, respectively, and then cross-linked by heat-induced esterification. Both forms of hydrogels exhibited increasing swelling with increasing pH. For hydrogel fibrous membranes, planar expansion is immediate without the time lag observed on the films.The polymer network structure and the network properties are closely related to the reaction conditions during gel formation. Cross-linker concentration, initial monomer concentration, temperature, and polymerization method will influence the resulting properties. In particular, for radical cross-linking it is well known that inhomogeneities are introduced into the network structure, for example, spatial heterogeneity of the network density.164,165 As a result, most of the network systems show unsatisfactory mechanical properties. Therefore, practical applications are restricted due to the lack of mechanical strength. However, there are examples of biological gels (e.g., cartilage) with excellent mechanical properties.166 The question arises whether the gap between synthetic (man-made) and biological gels can be overcome. For nonresponsive networks a solution can be found in topological gels167 and double networks.168 Responsive networks with excellent mechanical properties are nanocomposite gels (NC-gels) based on PNIPAAm which will be presented in the next section.Potassium Persulfate is a transparent colorless crystal that is a strong oxidizer. It is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP aAnd EP/BP and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.Potassium Persulfate is a transparent colorless crystal that is a strong oxidizer. It is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Initiator for the emulsion or solution Polymerization of acrylic monomers, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride etc. and for the emulsion co-polymerization of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene etc.Oxidizing agent, used in cleanaing and pickling of metal surface, accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives and modification of starch, production of binders and coating materials,Desizing agent and bleach activator,It is an essential component of bleaching formulations for hair cosmetics.Ammonium Persulfate, Potassium Persulfate and Sodium Persulfate are inorganic salts. In cosmetics and personal care products, mixtures of persulfates such as Ammonium Persulfate, Potassium Persulfate and Sodium Persulfate are used in hair bleaches and hair lighteners.Potassium persulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2S2O8. Also known as potassium peroxydisulfate or KPS, it is a white solid that is sparingly soluble in cold water, but dissolves better in warm water. This salt is a powerful oxidant, commonly used to initiate polymerizations.
POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE
Polyphosphoric acids, potassium salts CAS Number: 68956-75-2
POTASSIUM PHTHALIMIDE
Potassium phthalimide is a chemical compound of formula C8H4KNO2.
Potassium phthalimide is the potassium salt of phthalimide, and usually presents as fluffy, very pale yellow crystals.
Potassium phthalimide can be prepared by adding a hot solution of phthalimide in ethanol to a solution of potassium hydroxide in ethanol; the desired product precipitates.

CAS Number: 1074-82-4
Molecular Formula: C8H4KNO2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 185.22

Synonyms: (1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl) potassium, (1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)potassium, 1,3-Dihydro-1,3-dioxoisoindole potassium salt, 1,3-Dihydroisoindole-1,3-dione potassium salt, 10.14272/FYRHIOVKTDQVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-M.1, 1074-82-4, 1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, potassium salt, 1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, potassium salt (1:1), 2-potassio-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione, A801706, AC7863, AKOS000121936, AKOS034830283, AM90358, BCP26871, BP-21214, C8-H5-N-O2.K, C8H5NO2.K, CAS-1074-82-4, CHEMBL3183390, CS-0015141, doi:10.14272/FYRHIOVKTDQVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-M.1, DTXCID007358, DTXSID5027358, EINECS 214-046-6, EN300-31459, F1908-0080, FT-0640165, FT-0651552, HSDB 5781, J-001904, J-524025, LS-195293, MFCD00005887, N-Potassiophthalimide, N-Potassium phthalimide, NCGC00258560-01, NSC 167070, NSC-167070, P0403, Phthalimide potassium salt, Phthalimide potassium salt, 98%, Phthalimide potassium salt, purum, >=99.0% (NT), Phthalimide, potassium salt, potassium 1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-ide, potassium 1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-ide, Potassium 1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-ide, Potassium Phtahlimide, Potassium phthalimidate, POTASSIUM PHTHALIMIDE, POTASSIUM PHTHALIMIDE [HSDB], Potassium phthalylimide, Q413572, SB64015, SCHEMBL9230, SY001384, Tox21_201007, UNII-X6KKA27DIL, X6KKA27DIL, 1H-Isoindol-1,3(2H)-dion -kalium (1:1) [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione - potassium (1:1) [ACD/IUPAC Name], 1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione - potassium (1:1) [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, potassium salt (1:1) [ACD/Index Name], potassium phthalimide, 1074-82-4 [RN]

Potassium phthalimide is a commercially available reagent used in the Gabriel synthesis of amines.

Potassium phthalimide is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of N-alkylated phthalimides, which is involved in the preparation of primary amines (Gabriel synthesis) by the hydrolysis reaction.
Potassium phthalimide is also used as an intermediate for synthetic indigo, pigments, dyes and pharmaceuticals.

Further, Potassium phthalimide is employed as an organocatalyst for the cyanosilylation of various carbonyl compounds under extremely mild conditions.
In addition to this, Potassium phthalimide serves as a reagent for the transformation of allyl- and alkyl halides into protected primary amines.

Potassium phthalimide has also been shown to be active against HIV infection and may be useful for other diseases involving virus infections.
Potassium phthalimide binds covalently with HLA proteins on the surface of infected cells and inhibits viral replication by preventing reverse transcription.

Potasyum ftalimit is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, for intermediate use only.
Potasyum ftalimit is used at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Potassium phthalimide is a chemical compound of formula C8H4KNO2.
Potassium phthalimide is the potassium salt of phthalimide, and usually presents as fluffy, very pale yellow crystals.
Potassium phthalimide can be prepared by adding a hot solution of phthalimide in ethanol to a solution of potassium hydroxide in ethanol; the desired product precipitates.

Potassium phthalimide is widely used for the synthesis of primary amines from corresponding alkyl halides, known as Gabriel synthesis.
Some of the other applications are: Preparation of phthalimidogold precatalyst for gold catalysis.

Potassium phthalimide can be used in the palladium-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of α- and β-amino acids.
Potassium phthalimide is as an effective organocatalyst for the cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds to synthesize cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers.

Potassium phthalimide is a chemical that reacts with oxygen nucleophiles to form the corresponding N-hydroxyphthalimide.
Potassium phthalimide has been shown as an effective treatment for cancer by targeting tumor cells and inhibiting their growth.

The mechanism of action involves binding to 5-HT2 receptors in the cell membrane, which leads to inhibition of the enzyme adenylate cyclase, leading to decreased levels of cAMP.
This decreases the activity of protein kinase A, which in turn leads to decreased production of proteins such as p21WAF1/CIP1, which are required for cell cycle progression.

Potassium phthalimide has also been shown to be active against HIV infection and may be useful for other diseases involving virus infections.
Potassium phthalimide binds covalently with HLA proteins on the surface of infected cells and inhibits viral replication by preventing reverse transcription.

Potassium phthalimide (PPI) is employed as an efficient and effective basic organocatalyst for the one-pot three-component reaction of β-oxoesters with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and various aromatic aldehydes.
This cyclocondensation reaction was performed in water as an environmentally benign solvent at room temperature giving 3,4-disubstituted isoxazol-5(4H)-ones in good to excellent yields.

Potassium phthalimide was found to be an effective organocatalyst for the synthesis of isoxazol-5(4H)-one system.
The advantages of this method are efficiency, clean, easy work-up, high yields, shorter reaction times, inexpensive, and readily available catalyst.

Potassium phthalimide, K+.C8H4NO2-, a widely used reagent for the preparation of anthranilic acid via Hofmann degradation or primary alkylamines via the Gabriel synthesis, crystallizes in polar layers of potassium cations coordinated by five O and three N centres alternating with apolar layers of stacked benzene subunits.

Potassium phthalimide is as an excellent absorbent for equimolar CO2 capture with simultaneous activation.
The in situ catalytic conversion of captured CO2 can be successfully converted into value-added chemicals and fuel-related products under mild conditions through a carbon capture and utilization pathway, rather than going through desorption process.

Potassium phthalimide, with weak basicity, is an excellent absorbent for rapid carbon dioxide capture with almost equimolar absorption.
This process is assumed to proceed through the potassium carbamate formation pathway, as supported by NMR spectroscopy, an in situ FTIR study, and computational calculations.

Both the basicity and nucleophilicity of phthalimide salts have a crucial effect on the capture process.
Furthermore, the captured carbon dioxide could more easily be converted in situ into value-added chemicals and fuel-related products through carbon capture and utilization, rather than going through a desorption process.

Applications of Potassium phthalimide:
Potassium phthalimide is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of N-alkylated phthalimides, which is involved in the preparation of primary amines (Gabriel synthesis) by the hydrolysis reaction.
Potassium phthalimide is also used as an intermediate for synthetic indigo, pigments, dyes and pharmaceuticals.

Further, Potassium phthalimide is employed as an organocatalyst for the cyanosilylation of various carbonyl compounds under extremely mild conditions.
In addition to this, Potassium phthalimide serves as a reagent for the transformation of allyl- and alkyl halides into protected primary amines.

Condensation of Potassium phthalimide with organic halide in dimethylformamide has been reported.
Reaction of potassium phthalimide and sulfur monochloride in petroleum ether has been studied.

Potassium phthalimide salt was employed as organocatalyst for the cyanosilylation of various carbonyl compounds under extremely mild conditions.
Potassium phthalimide was also employed as reagent for the transformation of allyl- and alkyl halides into protected primary amines.

Potassium phthalimide is used as organocatalyst for the cyanosilylation of various carbonyl compounds under extremely mild conditions, and also used as reagent for the transformation of allyl- and alkyl halides into protected primary amines.
Potassium phthalimide is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of N-alkylated phthalimide, which is involved in the preparation of primary amines (Gabriel synthesis) by the hydrolysis reaction.

Potassium phthalimide is also used as an intermediate for synthetic indigo, pigments, dyes and pharmaceuticals.
Potassium phthalimide is used as a precursor to anthranilic acid, a precursor to azo dyes and saccharin.

Potassium phthalimide is also used for pharma intermediate.

Uses of Potassium phthalimide:

Uses at industrial sites:
Potasyum ftalimit is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals.
Potasyum ftalimit has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Potasyum ftalimit is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and scientific research and development.
Potasyum ftalimit is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Potasyum ftalimit can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Handling and Storage of Potassium phthalimide:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Moisture sensitive.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 11: Combustible Solids

Storage Condition:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Protected from moisture.

Stability and Reactivity of Potassium phthalimide:

Reactivity
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures:
In correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally be assumed.

Chemical stability:
Potassium phthalimide is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Conditions to avoid:
Strong heating.

First Aid Measures of Potassium phthalimide:

General advice:
Show Potassium phthalimide safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.

Firefighting Measures of Potassium phthalimide:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Potasyum ftalimit/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Potasyum ftalimit or mixture:
Carbon oxides
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Potassium oxides

Combustible.
Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.

Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Potassium phthalimide:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid inhalation of dusts.
Avoid substance contact.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Identifiers of Potassium phthalimide:
CAS Number: 1074-82-4
ChemSpider: 10627162
ECHA InfoCard: 100.012.770
PubChem CID: 3356745
UNII: X6KKA27DIL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID5027358
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H5NO2.K/c10-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(11)9-7;/h1-4H,(H,9,10,11);/q;+1
Key: FYRHIOVKTDQVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C8H5NO2.K/c10-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(11)9-7;/h1-4H,(H,9,10,11);/q;+1
Key: FYRHIOVKTDQVFC-UHFFFAOYAD
Key: FYRHIOVKTDQVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C8H5NO2.K/c10-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(11)9-7;/h1-4H,(H,9,10,11);/q;+1/p-1
SMILES: C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)[N-]C2=O.[K+]

CAS: 1074-82-4
Molecular Formula: C8H4KNO2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 185.22
MDL Number: MFCD00005887
InChI Key: FYRHIOVKTDQVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-M
PubChem CID: 3356745
IUPAC Name: potassium;isoindol-2-ide-1,3-dione
SMILES: [K+].O=C1[N-]C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C12

Properties of Potassium phthalimide:
Chemical formula: C8H4KNO2
Molar mass: 185.221 g/mol
Appearance: Light yellow solid
Melting point: > 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K)
Solubility in water: Soluble in water

Molecular Weight: 185.22 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 184.98790986 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 184.98790986 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 35.1Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Complexity: 195
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Potassium phthalimide:
Melting Point: >300°C
Color: Green or White to Yellow
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 99%
Packaging: Plastic bottle
Quantity: 100 g
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: soluble in water
Formula Weight: 185.22
Percent Purity: 99%
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Phthalimide, potassium derivative

Melting Point: >300°C
Density: 1.63
Quantity: 500 g
Beilstein: 3598719
Sensitivity: Moisture sensitive
Solubility Information: Soluble in water.
Formula Weight: 185.23
Percent Purity: ≥98%
Chemical Name or Material: Potassium phthalimide

Related compounds of Potassium phthalimide:
Phthalimide

Related Products of Potassium phthalimide:
N,N-Dimethylanilinium Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate
(R)​-​(-​)​-​N,​N-​Dimethyl-​1-​[(S)​-​2-​(diphenylphosphino)​ferrocenyl]​ethylamine
Dichlorophenylphosphine
N,N-Dimethyl-1,3-propylenediamine
N,N-Dimethyl-1,3-propylenediamine-d6

Names of Potassium phthalimide:

Regulatory process names:
N-potassium phthalimide

IUPAC names:
1H-ISOINDOLE-1,3(2H)-DIONE POTASSIUM(+1) (1:1)
N-Potassium phthalimide
N-potassium phthalimide
N-potassium phthalimide
Phthalimide Potassium Salt
potassium 1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-ide
Potassium phthalimide
potassium;isoindol-2-ide-1,3-dione

Trade names:
Phthalimide potassium

Other identifiers:
1074-82-4
POTASSIUM POLYPHOSPHATE
cas no 304-59-6 (Anhydrous) 6381-59-5 (Tetrahydrate) Rochelle salt; Seignette salt tetrahydrate; DL-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, monopotassium monosodium salt, tetrahydrate; (R*,R*)-(+-)-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, monopotassium monosodium salt, tetrahydrate; DL-Dihydroxysuccinic Acid, monopotassium monosodium salt, tetrahydrate;
POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE
Potassium sodium tartrate is a white crystalline powder or colourless crystal, which is obtained by treating the natural raw tartaric material.
Potassium sodium tartrate is obtained by the reaction of Sodium Hydroxide on the crude Cream of Tartar which is a by-product of the Wine Industry.


CAS Number: 304-59-6
6381-59-5 (tetrahydrate)
EC Number: 206-156-8
Molecular Formula: KNaC4H4O6 / C4H4KNaO6


Potassium sodium tartrate also known as Rochelle salt, which is a double salt of tartaric acid.
Potassium sodium tartrate was first prepared in the year 1672 by an apothecary, Pierre Seignette, of La Rochelle, France.
Potassium sodium tartrate is a white crystalline powder and a slightly bitter taste.


Potassium sodium tartrate has a pH range of 6.5 – 8.5.
Potassium sodium tartrate is obtained by the reaction of Sodium Hydroxide on the crude Cream of Tartar which is a by-product of the Wine Industry.
Potassium sodium tartrate is almost insoluble in alcohol and ether.


Potassium sodium tartrate must be stored in a dry place with airtight packing and, away from humidity and in normal temperature conditions and its IUPAC name is sodium-potassium-2,3-dihydroxy butane-1,4-dioate.
Potassium sodium tartrate (KNaC4H6O6) is a salt made of potassium and sodium.


Potassium sodium tartrate is a white crystalline powder or colourless crystal, which is obtained by treating the natural raw tartaric material.
Potassium sodium tartrate, also known as Rochelle salt, is a double salt of tartaric acid first prepared (in about 1675) by an apothecary, Pierre Seignette, of La Rochelle, France.


Potassium sodium tartrate and monopotassium phosphate were the first materials discovered to exhibit piezoelectricity.
This property led to Potassium sodium tartrate's extensive use in "crystal" gramophone (phono) pick-ups, microphones and earpieces during the post-World War II consumer electronics boom of the mid-20th Century.


Such transducers had an exceptionally high output with typical pick-up cartridge outputs as much as 2 volts or more.
Potassium sodium tartrate is deliquescent so any transducers based on the material deteriorated if stored in damp conditions.
Potassium sodium tartrate is a common precipitant in protein crystallography and is also an ingredient in the Biuret reagent which is used to measure protein concentration.


Potassium sodium tartrate maintains cupric ions in solution at an alkaline pH.
Potassium sodium tartrate is a white crystalline powder or transparent colourless crystals.
Potassium sodium tartrate is highly soluble in water, practically insoluble in alcohol.


Potassium sodium tartrate is a natural L(+) tartaric acid salt.
Potassium sodium tartrate is a colorless transparent crystal or white crystalline powder.
The relative density of Potassium sodium tartrate is 2.607.


Potassium sodium tartrate is easily soluble in boiling water.
In 100ml of water, the solubility of Potassium sodium tartrate is 8.3g at 25ºC and 35.9g at 100ºC.
Potassium sodium tartrate is soluble in glycerin, insoluble in ethanol.


Potassium sodium tartrate is odorless, with a sweet and metallic taste.
Crystals are weatherable.
Potassium sodium tartrate's aqueous solution is slightly acidic.


Potassium sodium tartrate is an ingredient of Fehling's solution, formerly used in the determination of reducing sugars in solutions.
Potassium sodium tartrate is a colorless to blue-white salt crystallizing in the orthorhombic system.
Potassium sodium tartrate's molecular formula is KNaC4H4O6·4H2O.


Potassium sodium tartrate is slightly soluble in alcohol but more completely soluble in water.
Potassium sodium tartrate has a specific gravity of about 1.79, a melting point of approximately 75 °C, and has a saline, cooling taste.
As a food additive, Potassium sodium tartrate's E number is E337. Potassium sodium tartrate is a double salt first prepared (in about 1675) by an apothecary, Pierre Seignette, of La Rochelle, France.


As a result Potassium sodium tartrate was known as Seignette's salt or Rochelle salt.
Potassium sodium tartrate is not to be confused with rock salt, which is simply the mineral form of sodium chloride.
Potassium sodium tartrate and monopotassium phosphate were the first materials discovered to exhibit piezoelectricity.


This property led to Potassium sodium tartrate's extensive use in "crystal" gramophone (phono) pick-ups, microphones and earpieces during the post-War consumer electronics boom of the mid-20th Century.
Such transducers had an exceptionally high output with typical pick-up cartridge outputs as much as 2 volts or more.


Potassium sodium tartrate is deliquescent so any transducers based on the material deteriorated if stored in damp conditions.
Potassium sodium tartrate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta hydroxy acids and derivatives.
Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom.


Potassium sodium tartrate is the organic sodium and potassium salt of L-tartaric acid (mol ratio 1:1:1).
Potassium sodium tartrate has a role as a laxative.
Potassium sodium tartrate is a potassium salt and an organic sodium salt.


Potassium sodium tartrate contains a L-tartrate(2-).
Potassium sodium tartrate, also known as Rochelle salt, is a double salt of tartaric acid first prepared (in about 1675) by an apothecary, Pierre Seignette, of La Rochelle, France.


Potassium sodium tartrate and monopotassium phosphate were the first materials discovered to exhibit piezoelectricity.
This property led to Potassium sodium tartrate's extensive use in "crystal" gramophone (phono) pick-ups, microphones and earpieces during the post-World War II consumer electronics boom of the mid-20th century.


Such transducers had an exceptionally high output with typical pick-up cartridge outputs as much as 2 volts or more.
Potassium sodium tartrate is deliquescent so any transducers based on the material deteriorated if stored in damp conditions.
Potassium sodium tartrate is a common precipitant in protein crystallography and is also an ingredient in the Biuret reagent which is used to measure protein concentration.


Potassium sodium tartrate maintains cupric ions in solution at an alkaline pH.
Potassium sodium tartrate is a double salt of tartaric acid with a chemical formula C4H4O6KNa·4H2O.
Potassium sodium tartrate is also known as Rochelle salt.


Potassium sodium tartrate is a colourless to white crystalline powder with a cool and saline taste.
Potassium sodium tartrate has a pH value of 6.5 – 8.5.
Potassium sodium tartrate has a large piezometric effect which makes it widely useful in sensitive vibrational and acoustic devices.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
Potassium sodium tartrate is used in Laboratory reagent, one of the ingredients in Biuret reagent to measure the concentration of protein.
Potassium sodium tartrate is used in the electroplating process (Increases cathode efficiency.), in electronics, and piezoelectricity.
Potassium sodium tartrate is used in cigarette paper. (Delays the consumption of cigarette paper.)


Potassium sodium tartrate helps in maintaining alkaline pH.
Potassium sodium tartrate is used in the silvering of mirrors. (Act as a reducing agent)
Potassium sodium tartrate is also used in the Pharmaceutical Industry.


Potassium sodium tartrate is used in gas purification.
Potassium sodium tartrate is an ingredient in Fehling's solution test (reagent used in reducing sugars) and determination of uric acid.
Applications of Potassium sodium tartrate: TREATMENT OF METALS, MICRO-ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY, PIEZOELECTRICAL EFFECT, HARDENING RETARDANT FOR PLASTER AND CEMENT, SILVER-PLATING OF MIRRORS, and FOOD INDUSTRY.


Potassium sodium tartrate is used production of pectins and jellies.
Potassium sodium tartrate is used MEAT PRESERVATIVE, PHARMACEUTICALS INDUSTRY, and LABORATORY REAGENT
Potassium sodium tartrate is used fehling solution, determination of uric acid.


Potassium sodium tartrate is used in TOOTHPASTE and CIGARETTE PAPER.
Potassium sodium tartrate is used combustion regulator.
Potassium sodium tartrate solution is a chelator used for research purposes.


Potassium sodium tartrate solution is a chelator used in multiple research applications; often used in heavy metal screening assays, colorimetric assays, and as a source of tartrate.
Potassium sodium tartrate is used as a laxative.


A semi-quantitative method for screening heavy metals in biological material has been carried out by complexing metals with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate and potassium sodium tartrate.
Potassium sodium tartrate is also used as a component of a one-step kit for labeling of oligonucleotides with 99mTc.


Potassium sodium tartrate is used with bismuth subnitrate for staining polysaccharides, including glycogen without oxidizing agents.
In a procedure for a rapid colorimetric assay for determining gentamicin concentration, an alkaline copper tartrate (ACT) reagent solution was prepared containing potassium sodium tartrate (210 µmol).


Potassium sodium tartrate is used as an additive to foods, as a preservative, or in the manufacture of other products such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and photographic chemicals.
Potassium sodium tartrate has been shown to have physiological effects on humans, animals and plants.


The effect of Potassium sodium tartrate on enzymes has been studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
The phase transition temperature for Potassium sodium tartrate is around 130°C.
This property can be utilized to purify water vapor by condensing Potassium sodium tartrate at that temperature and then releasing it when the temperature drops below 100°C.


Potassium sodium tartrate is used in the silvering of mirrors.
Potassium sodium tartrate is one of the ingredients in Fehling’s solution.
Potassium sodium tartrate is used in the electroplating process.


Potassium sodium tartrate is used in cigarette paper.
Potassium sodium tartrate is used to break up emulsions.
Potassium sodium tartrate is one of the ingredients in Biuret reagent to measure the concentration of protein.


Potassium sodium tartrate helps to maintain alkaline pH.
Potassium sodium tartrate is used as a common precipitant in protein crystallography.
Potassium sodium tartrate has been used medicinally as a laxative.


Potassium sodium tartrate is an ingredient of Fehling's solution (reagent for reducing sugars).
Potassium sodium tartrate is used in electroplating, in electronics and piezoelectricity, and as a combustion accelerator in cigarette paper (similar to an oxidizer in pyrotechnics).


In organic synthesis, Potassium sodium tartrate is used in aqueous workups to break up emulsions, particularly for reactions in which an aluminium-based hydride reagent was used.
Potassium sodium tartrate is also important in the food industry.


Potassium sodium tartrate has been used medicinally as a laxative.
Potassium sodium tartrate has also been used in the process of silvering mirrors.
Potassium sodium tartrate is an ingredient of Fehling's solution (reagent for reducing sugars).


Potassium sodium tartrate is used in electroplating, in electronics and piezoelectricity, and as a combustion accelerator in cigarette paper.
In organic synthesis, Potassium sodium tartrate is used in aqueous workups to break up emulsions, particularly for reactions in which an aluminium-based hydride reagent was used.


Potassium sodium tartrate is also important in the food industry.
Potassium sodium tartrate is used as an analytical agent (such as determination of lead, sodium, germanium, etc.), a mordant for fabrics and leather shoes, a color-fixing agent for basic dyes and nylon acid dyes, and for making insecticides and anti-schistosomiasis drugs, etc.


Potassium sodium tartrate is used in food processing as an emulsifier and pH control agent.
Potassium sodium tartrate has been used medicinally as a laxative. Potassium sodium tartrate has also been used in the process of silvering mirrors.
Potassium sodium tartrate has also been used in the process of silvering mirrors.



STRUCTURE OF POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
Potassium sodium tartrate/ Rochelle salt contains ten oxygen atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, four carbon atoms, one potassium atom, and one sodium atom.



PREPARATION OF POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
Tartar with a minimum tartaric acid level of 68 percent is the primary ingredient.
This is initially dissolved in water or a previous batch's mother liquor.
After that, it's pH-ed with a hot saturated sodium hydroxide solution, decolored with activated charcoal, and chemically purified before being filtered.

The filtrate is evaporated to 42° Bé at 100 °C and then fed through granulators, where Seignette's salt crystallises over time.
Centrifugation is used to extract the salt from the mother liquor, which is followed by granule washing.
The salt is then dried in a rotating furnace and sieved before being packaged.
Grain sizes offered commercially range from 2000 m to 250 m. (powder).



REACTIONS INVOLVED IN THE PREPARATION OF POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
The first step involves the Conversion of sodium bicarbonate to sodium carbonate
2NaHCO3→+CO2+H2O
Potassium bitartrate reacts with sodium carbonate to generate Potassium sodium tartrate:
KHC4H4O6+Na2CO3→C4H4O6KNa.4H2O



STRUCTURE OF POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
The above image describes the structure of Potassium sodium tartrate.
C4H4O6KNa·4H2O is the chemical formula of Potassium sodium tartrate which has ten oxygen atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, four carbon atoms, one potassium atom, and one sodium atom.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
*Short-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives
*Monosaccharides
*Fatty acids and conjugates
*Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Secondary alcohols
*Carboxylic acid salts
*1,2-diols
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic sodium salts
*Organic potassium salts
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
*Beta-hydroxy acid
*Short-chain hydroxy acid
*Fatty acid
*Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Monosaccharide
*1,2-diol
*Carboxylic acid salt
*Secondary alcohol
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic alkali metal salt
*Carboxylic acid
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organooxygen compound
*Organic salt
*Organic potassium salt
*Organic sodium salt
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Carbonyl group
*Organic oxide
*Alcohol
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



RELATED COMPOUNDS OF POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
*Acid potassium tartrate
*Aluminum tartrate
*Ammonium tartrate
*Calcium tartrate
*Metatartaric acid
*Potassium antimonyl tartrate
*Potassium tartrate
*Sodium ammonium tartrate
*Sodium tartrate



CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED IN THE PREPARATION OF POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
Conversion of sodium bicarbonate to sodium carbonate
2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
Potassium bitartrate (cream of tartar) reacts with sodium carbonate to generate Potassium sodium tartrate (Rochelle salt):
KHC4H5O6 + Na2CO3→ C4H4O6KNa·4H2O



PREPARATION OF POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
The detailed procedure for the preparation of Potassium sodium tartrate is given below.
Apparatus and ingredients required:
500 g of sodium bicarbonate
200 g of potassium bitartrate
Pyrex container
500 ml of a pyrex measuring cup
Measuring spoon of 2 ml
Coffee filter
Jar with lid
Oven
Spoon to stir
Filter paper
Water
Saucepan


Step-1:
To convert sodium bicarbonate to sodium carbonate follow the steps given below:
Take a pyrex container and add 500 g of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda).
Place it in the oven for an hour at 65 °C.

Set the temperature to 120 °C and keep it for another one hour.
Repeat the previous step for 175 °C and 230 °C.

Take out the container from the oven and let it cool to room temperature.
Transfer the washing soda (sodium carbonate) into a sealed container.


Step-2:
Potassium bitartrate (cream of tartar) reacts with sodium carbonate to generate Potassium sodium tartrate (Rochelle salt):
Take a beaker of capacity 500 mL.
Add 250 mL of water in it.

Suspend 200 g of potassium bitartrate in the beaker containing water.
Take a saucepan with water, place the beaker, and heat it.
Heat till you observe the outer water simmering.

Add 2.5 mL of the washing soda obtained from part 1 experiment into the beaker.
Stir it well and the solution will bubble.
Continue adding sodium carbonate until no more bubbles are observed in the solution.

Once there are no bubbles formed in the solution, filter it with the help of filter paper.
You can also use a coffee filter to filter the hot solution.
Evaporate to concentrate the solution to 400 mL by heating.

Let the filtrate cool and store it in a cool place.
After several days of storing, with the process of decantation, collect the resulting crystals.
Use filter paper to dry the crystals.



PIEZOELECTRICITY OF POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
In 1824, Sir David Brewster demonstrated piezoelectric effects using Potassium sodium tartrates, which led to him naming the effect pyroelectricity.
In 1919, Alexander McLean Nicolson worked with Potassium sodium tartrate developing audio related inventions like microphones and speakers at Bell Labs.



PREPARATION OF POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
The starting material is tartar with a minimum tartaric acid content 68 %.
This is first dissolved in water or in the mother liquor of a previous batch.
It is then basified with hot saturated sodium hydroxide solution to pH 8, decolorized with activated charcoal, and chemically purified before being filtered.

The filtrate is evaporated to 42 °Bé at 100 °C, and passed to granulators in which Seignette's salt crystallizes on slow cooling.
The salt is separated from the mother liquor by centrifugation, accompanied by washing of the granules, and is dried in a rotary furnace and sieved before packaging.
Commercially marketed grain sizes range from 2000 μm to < 250 μm (powder).

Larger crystals of Potassium sodium tartrate have been grown under conditions of reduced gravity and convection on board Skylab.
Potassium sodium tartrate crystals will begin to dehydrate when the relative humidity drops to about 30% and will begin to dissolve at relative humidities above 84%.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
Chemical formula: KNaC4H4O6·4H2O
Molar mass: 282.22 g/mol (tetrahydrate)
Appearance: large colorless monoclinic needles
Odor: odorless
Density: 1.79 g/cm3
Melting point: 75 °C (167 °F; 348 K)
Boiling point: 220 °C (428 °F; 493 K) anhydrous at 130 °C; decomposes at 220 °C
Solubility in water: 26 g / 100 mL (0 °C); 66 g / 100 mL (26 °C)
Solubility in ethanol: insoluble
Molecular Weight: 210.16 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 209.95426361 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 209.95426361 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 121Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 123
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
C4H4O6KNa·4H2O: Sodium potassium tartrate / Rochelle salt
Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass: 282.1 g/mol
Density: 1.79 g/cm³
Boiling Point: 220 °C
Melting Point: 7 5°C
CAS Number: 6381-59-5
Formula Weight: 282.23
Formula: KNaC4H4O6·4H2O
Hazard Info: Oxidizer, Toxic
Density (g/mL): 2.065
Boiling Point (°C): 105-130
Freezing Point (°C): 36.4
Solubility: Water and Alcohol
Shelf Life (months): 36
Storage: Yellow

CAS number: 6381-59-5
EINECS number: 206-156-8
Chemical formula: NaKC4H4O6 , 4H2O
Molecular weight: 282.23
Description: colorless crystals, white powder
Merck Index number: 6381-59-5
Refraction index: 1.511
Melting point: 70º-80ºC
Solubility in water: 73 g. Sal de Rochelle/100g of water at 20ºC.
Practically insoluble in alcohol.
Crystalization system: rhombic crystals
Chemical Formula: C4H4KNaO6
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C4H6O6.K.Na/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10;;/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10);;/q;2*+1/p-2
InChI Key: LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Isomeric SMILES: [Na+].[K+].OC(C(O)C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O
Average Molecular Weight: 210.159
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 209.954264396
Boiling Point: Not Available
Charge: Not Available
Density: Not Available
Experimental logP: Not Available
Experimental pKa: Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility 526 mg/mL
Isoelectric point: Not Available
Mass Composition: C 22.86%; H 1.92%; K 18.60%; Na 10.94%; O 45.68%
Melting Point: Mp 70-80°
Optical Rotation: Not Available



FIRST AID MEASURES of POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Sodium potassium L(+)-tartrate tetrahydrate
E337
Seignette's salt
Rochelle salt
Potassium sodium tartrate
Seignette salt
Rochelle salt
SODIUM POTASSIUM TARTRATE
304-59-6
Monopotassium monosodium tartrate
Sodium potassium L-tartrate
Potassium sodium L(+)-tartrate
Potassium sodium tartrate anhydrous
147-79-5
Tartaric acid, monopotassium monosodium salt
L-Potassium sodium tartrate
P49F8NV7ES
CHEBI:63019
Sodium potassium salt of L-(+)-tartaric acid
potassium;sodium;(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate
2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, monopotassium monosodium salt
CCRIS 3949
HSDB 765
Sodium potassium (dl)-tartrate
Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate
EINECS 206-156-8
potassium sodium l-tartrate
UNII-P49F8NV7ES
Rochelle's salt
Seignette's salt
EINECS 205-698-2
Tartaric acid, potassium sodium salt
potassium sodium (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate
Potassium sodium (R*,R*)-(1)-tartrate
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (2R,3R)-, monopotassium monosodium salt
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, monopotassium monosodium salt
L-Potassiumsodiumtartrate
Monopotassium monosodium 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate, (R-(R*,R*))-
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (R-(R*,R*))-, monopotassium monosodium salt
EC 206-156-8
potassium sodium L-tartarate
POTASSIUMSODIUMTARTRATE
SCHEMBL454101
CHEMBL2219738
DTXSID60932999
DTXSID90889341
LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L
Potassium Sodium L-(+)-Tartrate
AKOS015915091
POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE [MI]
potassium sodium tartrate tetrahy-drate
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (theta-(theta,theta))-, monopotassium monosodium salt
POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE [HSDB]
15490-42-3
ANHYDROUS SODIUM POTASSIUM TARTRATE
BP-21323
L-(+)-Tartaric Acid Potassium Sodium Salt
P1798
F76579
potassium sodium (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate
ANHYDROUS SODIUM POTASSIUM TARTRATE [MART.]
Potassium sodium 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1/1/1)
rel-Potassium sodium (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (2R,3R)-, potassium sodium salt (1:1:1)
BUTANEDIOIC ACID, 2,3-DIHYDROXY-, (R-(R*,R*))-, MONOPOTASSIUM MONOSODIUM SALT
Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate
Sodium potassium L(+)-tartrate tetrahydrate
L(+)-Tartaric acid potassium sodium salt
Seignette’s salt
E337 db_source
L(+)-tartaric acid potassium sodium salt
Monopotassium monosodium tartrate
Potassium sodium (R*,R*)-(1)-tartrate
Potassium sodium 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
Potassium sodium l(+)-tartrate
Potassium sodium tartrate
Potassium sodium tartrate (anhydrous)
Potassium sodium tartrate anhydrous
Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate


POTASSIUM SORBATE
Potassium sorbate is a potassium salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occuringantimicrobial compound; used as a preservative.
Potassium sorbate is a white crystalline powder or granules, almost odorless, neutral taste.


CAS Number: 24634-61-5
Chem/IUPAC Name: Potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate
EINECS/ELINCS No: 246-376-1 / -
E number: E202 (preservatives)
Chemical formula: C6H7KO2
Molecular Formula: C6H7O2K / C6H7KO2



Potassium (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate, E202, Sorbistat-K, Sorbistat potassium, POTASSIUM SORBATE, 24634-61-5, Sorbistat potassium, 590-00-1, Sorbic acid potassium salt, Sorbistat-K, Potassium (E,E)-sorbate, potassium (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate, Potassium 2,4-hexadienoate, Sorbic acid, potassium salt, BB Powder, Sorbistat-potassium, FEMA No. 2921, Sorbistat k, Potassium sorbate (E), Caswell No. 701C, Potassium (E,E)-2,4-hexadienoate, Potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate, CCRIS 1894, HSDB 1230, Ins no.202, Potassium (e,e')-sorbate, UNII-1VPU26JZZ4, EINECS 246-376-1, Ins-202, 1VPU26JZZ4, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, potassium hexa-2,4-dienoate, Potassium sorbate (e 202), EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 075902, Potassium 2,4-hexadienoate, (E,E)-,
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, (2E,4E)-, CHEBI:77868, AI3-26043, E 202, Potassium sorbate [NF], 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, (E,E)-, Sorbic acid, potassium salt, (E,E)-, potassium;(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate, potassium trans,trans-sorbate, DTXSID7027835, E-202, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt, (E,E)-, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)-, potassium salt, EC 246-376-1, MFCD00016546, potassium trans,trans-2,4-hexadienoate, Potassium sorbate (NF),
POTASSIUM SORBATE (II), POTASSIUM SORBATE [II], 2,4-HEXADIENOIC ACID, (E,E')-, POTASSIUM SALT, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt, POTASSIUM SORBATE (MART.), POTASSIUM SORBATE [MART.], POTASSIUM SORBATE (USP-RS), POTASSIUM SORBATE [USP-RS], Potassium Sorbate [USAN], POTASSIUM SORBATE (EP IMPURITY), POTASSIUM SORBATE [EP IMPURITY], POTASSIUM SORBATE (EP MONOGRAPH), POTASSIUM SORBATE [EP MONOGRAPH], Sorbic acid (potassium), 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)-, ?Potassium sorbate, Sorbate, Potassium, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), Potassium (E,E')-sorbate; Potassium sorbate, SCHEMBL3640, DTXCID207835, POTASSIUM SORBATE [FCC], CHEMBL2106930, POTASSIUM SORBATE [FHFI], POTASSIUM SORBATE [INCI], HY-N0626A, POTASSIUM SORBATE [VANDF], trans-trans-Sorbic acid potassium, CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-STWYSWDKSA-M, POTASSIUM SORBATE [WHO-DD], Tox21_202757, AKOS015915488, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E')-, potassium salt, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, SORBIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT [MI], NCGC00260304-01, CAS-24634-61-5, CS-0102519, NS00094865, P1954, S0057, D02411, A817411, Q410744, J-015607, J-524028, trans-trans-Sorbic acid potassium 100 microg/mL in Water, Potassium 2,4-hexadienoate, Sorbic acid potassium salt, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt, Potassium sorbate,



Potassium sorbate (potassium salt of sorbic acid) is a preservative that actively suppresses yeast, mold fungi and some types of bacteria, as well as the effect of enzymes.
This increases the shelf life of the products.


Potassium sorbate does not have a microbicidal effect.
Potassium sorbate only slows down the development of microorganisms.
Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, chemical formula CH3CH=CH−CH=CH−CO2K.


Potassium sorbate is a white salt that is very soluble in water (58.2% at 20 °C).
While sorbic acid occurs naturally in rowan and hippophae berries, virtually all of the world's supply of sorbic acid, from which Potassium sorbate is derived, is manufactured synthetically.


Also known as "wine stabilizer", Potassium sorbate produces sorbic acid when added to wine.
Potassium sorbate serves two purposes.
When active fermentation has ceased and the wine is racked for the final time after clearing, Potassium sorbate renders any surviving yeast incapable of multiplying.


Yeast living at that moment can continue fermenting any residual sugar into CO2 and alcohol, but when they die, no new yeast will be present to cause future fermentation.
Potassium sorbate is a potassium salt having sorbate as the counterion.


Potassium sorbate has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative.
Potassium sorbate contains an (E,E)-sorbate.
Potassium sorbate is a preservative used in different types of packaged foods to prevent them from being spoiled by microorganisms, namely fungi (such as mold) and certain bacteria.


Potassium sorbate's also classified as a food additive.
Potassium sorbate is the inactive salt of sorbic acid.
Potassium sorbate readily dissolves in water where it converts to sorbic acid, its active form, at a low pH.


Sorbic acid is very pH dependent.
While it shows some activity up to pH 6 (about 6%), Potassium sorbate is most active at pH 4.4 (70%). At pH 5.0 it is 37% active.
As sorbic acid, it is considered to be active against mold, fair against yeast and poor against most bacteria.


Sorbic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid and as such is subject to oxidation (use of an antioxidant like Mixed Tocopherols T50 is recommended).
Potassium sorbate is also sensitive to UV light and may turn yellow in solution.
Gluconolactone is reported to stabilize potassium sorbate against discoloration and darkening in aqueous solutions and may be useful in stabilizing sorbic acid in the water phase of a product.


While sorbic acid is naturally occurring in some fruits (like the berries of the mountain ash), virtually all of the world's production of sorbic acid, from which potassium sorbate is derived, is manufactured synthetically, and is a nature-identical compound chemically equivalent to the molecule found in nature.
Sorbic acid can cause contact dermatitis at concentrations above or below 0.5%.


Studies show that if it is used at a concentration of no more than 0.2% it is unlikely to constitute a safety hazard.
Potassium sorbate is not a broad spectrum preservative for cosmetic use and should be combined with other preservatives.
If potassium sorbate is used as a preservative, the pH of the finished product may need to be reduced for potassium sorbate to be effective.


This is because potassium sorbate is the inactive salt form of sorbic acid.
To be useful, the pH of the formulation must be low enough to release the free acid for useful activity.
Potassium sorbate, otherwise referred to as potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate, is the potassium salt of sorbic acid.


Potassium sorbate occurs as a white crystalline powder with a faint, characteristic odour.
Potassium sorbate is highly water-soluble.
If the recommended dosage is observed, potassium sorbate does not affect the taste of canned products.


Potassium sorbate withstands heat treatment.
Potassium sorbate is a chemical additive.
Potassium sorbate is an odorless and tasteless salt synthetically produced from sorbic acid and potassium hydroxide.


Potassium sorbate prolongs the shelf life of foods by stopping the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi.
Potassium sorbate was discovered in the 1850s by the French, who derived it from berries of the mountain ash tree.
Potassium sorbate's safety and uses as a preservative have been researched for the last fifty years.


The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recognizes Potassium sorbate as generally safe when used appropriately.
Potassium sorbate is a preservative found in food, skin care, cosmetics, and personal care products.
Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of a naturally occurring compound known as sorbic acid.


Potassium sorbate kills microorganisms and prevents the growth of bacteria, fungi, and mold.
Potassium sorbate occurs naturally from the vibrant berries of the rowan tree (Sorbus aucuparia) or mountain-ashes, which are shrubs or trees known for their hardiness in cold weather.


In its pure form, potassium sorbate is a white, water-soluble salt that appears as small grains or crystals.
While potassium sorbate can be naturally sourced, the most common way of producing potassium sorbate is through synthetic methods; specifically, by neutralizing sorbic acid with hydrogen peroxide.


The result is a compound identical to that found in nature.
Potassium sorbate is in the form of a white and crystalline powder.
Potassium sorbate is well soluble in water and other polar solvents.


Potassium sorbate dissolves in water.
The boiling point of Potassium sorbate is 270 degrees.
Organic acids are not generally used in food products.


However, potassium sorbate is known as the only organic acid allowed to be used in food.
Due to some of its properties, Potassium sorbate is more harmless than some preservatives in some places.
Potassium sorbate is among the food additives under the name E 202.


In the late 1930s, Potassium sorbate was proven that sorbic acid and its salts inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
For this reason, the use of potassium sorbate in the food industry has increased.
Potassium sorbate is found in nature in the fruit of a plant called rowan tree.


Potassium sorbate has no distinct taste or odor.
Although Potassium sorbate is slightly soluble in alcohol, its solubility in water is high.
Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid that is used as a preservative in cosmetics.


While it can be naturally derived, most potassium sorbate is produced synthetically.
Potassium Sorbate is a crucial cosmetic ingredient renowned for its preservative properties.
With a chemical formula of C6H7KO2, Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid.


Potassium sorbate appears as a white crystalline powder or granules and is water-soluble.
Potassium sorbate's primary role in cosmetics is to extend product shelf life by inhibiting the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, preventing spoilage and ensuring consumer safety.


Potassium Sorbate, aka "stabiliser," prevents renewed fermentation in wine, cider, mead or hard seltzer that is to be bottled and/or sweetened.
Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid.
Potassium Sorbate iss primary used is as a preservative, and can be used to retard re-fermentation.


Potassium sorbate (K-sorbate) is a food preservative commonly used in the baking industry to prevent mold, yeast, and microbes.
Potassium sorbate is often used in cakes and icings, beverage syrups, cheese, dried fruits, margarine, pie fillings, wine, etc. at concentrations dependent on the specific application.


When added to wine, potassium sorbate produces sorbic acid, serving two purposes:
At the point when active fermentation has ceased and the wine is racked for the final time after clearing, potassium sorbate will render any surviving yeast incapable of multiplying.


Yeast living at that moment will be permitted to continue fermenting any residual sugar into CO2 and alcohol, but when they die no new yeast will be present to cause future fermentation.
When a wine is sweetened before bottling, potassium sorbate is used to prevent refermentation when used in conjunction with potassium metabisulfite.


Potassium Sorbate, ensures against renewed fermentation in wine when residual sugar is added post the initial ferment.
Potassium sorbate should not be used if the wine underwent an ML fermentation because sorbic acid (in the potassium sorbate) will react with lactic bacteria to produce a "geranium" smelling off-flavor.


Potassium sorbate is a potassium salt containing sorbate as a counter ion.
Potassium sorbate has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative.
Potassium sorbate is available as a white powder that dissolves easily in water.


Potassium sorbate, also known as sorbistat-k, E-202 and sorbistat-potasium, is a white, odorless, and tasteless salt.
Although it is naturally occurring in some fruits like berries, Potassium sorbate is commercially produced by a neutralization reaction between sorbic acid and potassium hydroxide.


Potassium sorbateis an inactive salt form of sorbic acid and just like sorbic acid, it has been found to be active against molds, yeasts, bacteria and fungi.
Potassium sorbate will produce sorbic acid when dissolved in water, and it is this sorbic acid moiety that possess the antimicrobial activity in the compound.


The whitish color, odorless and tasteless nature is one of main reasons why potassium sorbate is used in these industries because it does not interfere with the original color, odor, tastes or the appearance of these products.
Potassium sorbate is listed under the E number E202.


Potassium sorbate is also effective at a wide range of temperature.
Potassium sorbate will produce sorbic acid when dissolved in water, and it is this sorbic acid moiety that possess the antimicrobial activity in the compound.


The whitish color, odorless and tasteless nature is one of main reasons why potassium sorbate is used in these industries because it does not interfere with the original color, odor, tastes or the appearance of these products.
Potassium sorbate is also effective at a wide range of temperature.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POTASSIUM SORBATE:
Potassium sorbate is used cheeses (hard and melted).
dairy and sour milk products, farmer cheese, sour cream, condensed milk.
Potassium sorbate is used drinks, fruit juices, wines with residual sugar, beer.


Potassium sorbate is used confectionery, chocolate and praline fillings, cream, fillings.
Potassium sorbate is used fish processing, fish products and canned fish, caviar.
Potassium sorbate is used preserves, jams, puree, pickled vegetables, fruit and vegetable products and canned products, frozen fruits and berries, dried fruits.


Potassium sorbate is used margarine.
Potassium sorbate is used mayonnaises, ketchups, mustard, marinades and other sauces.
Potassium sorbate is used bakery.


Potassium sorbate is used salads (vegetable, fish, meat, etc.).
Potassium sorbate is used boiled and hard sausages, sausages, dumplings, minced meat, cutlets
Potassium sorbate is used poultry.


Potassium sorbate is used anti-mold treatment of gelatinous films, meat products, the surface of bread and bakery products, food packaging.
Potassium sorbate is used pharmaceutical, cosmetic and tobacco industries.
Potassium sorbate is used to inhibit molds and yeasts in many foods, such as cheese, wine, yogurt, dried meats, apple cider, dehydrated fruits, soft drinks and fruit drinks, and baked goods.


Potassium sorbate is used in the preparation of items such as hotcake syrup and milkshakes served by fast-food restaurants such as McDonald's.
Potassium sorbate can also be found in the ingredients list of many dried fruit products.
In addition, herbal dietary supplement products generally contain Potassium sorbate, which acts to prevent mold and microbes and to increase shelf life.


Potassium sorbate is used in quantities at which no adverse health effects are known, over short periods of time.
Labeling of this preservative on ingredient statements reads as "Potassium sorbate" or "E202".
Also, Potassium sorbate is used in many personal-care products to inhibit the development of microorganisms for shelf stability.


Some manufacturers are using Potassium sorbate as a replacement for parabens.
Tube feeding of Potassium sorbate reduces the gastric burden of pathogenic bacteria.
Potassium sorbate is used as preservatives for a wide range of food products, such as food products and their packaging materials.
Because Potassium sorbate has broad effectiveness in preventing molds, yeasts and most bacteria.


Potassium sorbate is also used as fungistatic agents in foods. Low pH values ​​require low amounts of sorbic acid.
Potassium sorbate is also used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, tobacco and flavoring products.
Potassium sorbate is used to prevent secondary fermentation of increased sugar in wine.


Potassium sorbate is used to restore gloss in coatings and as an intermediate in the production of plasticizers and lubricants.
Potassium sorbate is pulverized and applied to the outer surface after sausage filling, and is applied as a 15% solution.
Potassium sorbate is also used in the rubber industry to correct grinding characteristics.


Potassium sorbate is used in many food products.
Potassium sorbate is effective against many bacteria such as mold and yeast.
Potassium sorbate is used in food products by packaging, sprinkling or spraying.


Potassium sorbate is used in many foods and beverages.
Apart from food and beverages, Potassium sorbate is used in tobacco, pharmacy and personal care products.
Potassium sorbate is used in many areas such as tomato paste, bread, margarine, jam, fish, confectionery, cheese, wine, yoghurt, fruit products and bakery products.


Potassium sorbate is widely employed in various cosmetic formulations, such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup, to maintain product quality and integrity.
Potassium Sorbate's effectiveness as a preservative plays a vital role in preserving the longevity of cosmetic products.


Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid; it is mass produced as a chemical additive in foods and drinks, in which it acts as a preservative.
Potassium sorbate is especially good at preventing mould (fungal) growth.
Potassium sorbate is used to help make food safe by curbing microbial growth.


When a wine is sweetened before bottling, Potassium sorbate is used to prevent refermentation when used in conjunction with potassium metabisulfite.
Potassium sorbate is primarily used with sweet wines, sparkling wines, and some hard ciders, but may be added to table wines, which exhibit difficulty in maintaining clarity after fining.


Some molds (notably some Trichoderma and Penicillium strains) and yeasts are able to detoxify sorbates by decarboxylation, producing piperylene (1,3-pentadiene).
The pentadiene manifests as a typical odor of kerosene or petroleum


Potassium sorbate is primarily used as a food preservative (E number 202).
Potassium sorbate is effective in a variety of applications including food, wine, and personal-care products.
Potassium sorbate is used mold and yeast inhibitor.


Potassium sorbate is used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.
Potassium sorbate’s widely used as a preservative in foods, drinks, and personal care products.
Potassium Sorbate acts as a preservative in cosmetic products.


Potassium sorbate helps prevent the growth and proliferation of microorganisms such as bacteria, mold and yeast in the product.
Potassium sorbate supports a longer shelf life of the product.
The usage rate varies between 0.1% and 2% depending on the demonstrative effect of Potassium sorbate and its interaction with other substances.


Potassium sorbate is widely used in food, beverages, tobacco, pesticides, cosmetics and other industries.
As an unsaturated acid, Potassium sorbate also can be used for resins, spices and rubber industry.
Potassium sorbate is a vital product of our food additives and food ingredients.


The protective effect of potassium sorbate is 10 times more effective than sodium benzoate.
Potassium sorbate extends the storage life of food and helps keep the taste of the food as it was on the first day.
Since some microorganisms can use sobritic acid in their metabolism, Potassium sorbate's protective effect disappears in a short time in products with a high microorganism load.


In addition to food, Potassium sorbate is used as an intermediate product in the production of coatings and plastics to increase gloss.
Potassium sorbate is almost always used in conjunction with other preservatives due to its weaker activity.
The independent Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel found that potassium sorbate is safe in amounts up to 10%; it is most used in skin care products in amounts of 1% or lower.


Potassium sorbate is also used as a food preservative, where it helps prohibit the development of yeast and mold in wine, cheeses, yogurt, and dried meats.
Potassium Sorbate's primary use is as a preservative, and can be used to retard re-fermentation.
Potassium sorbate (K-sorbate) is a food preservative commonly used in the baking industry to prevent mold, yeast, and microbes.


Potassium sorbate is often used in cakes and icings, beverage syrups, cheese, dried fruits, margarine, pie fillings, wine, etc. at concentrations dependent on the specific application.
Potassium sorbate is used in the following products: plant protection products and cosmetics and personal care products.


Potassium sorbate is used in the following fields: agriculture, forestry and fisheries.
Potassium sorbate is used in machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints, coatings or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners.
Potassium sorbate is widely used preservative in food and cosmetics


Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid.
In food technology, potassium sorbate is primarily used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of food.
Potassium sorbate is a safe, proven, and widely used additive that is a component in a variety of products.


Because of these antimicrobial activities, Potassium sorbate is often used as a preservative in the food and beverage industries to preserve foods like cheese, yogurt, dried meat, bread, cake, milkshakes, pickles, ice cream and apple cider.
Potassium sorbate is also widely used in personal care products like cosmetics, shampoos, moisturizers, skin and hair products, eye shadows and contact lens solution.


Potassium sorbate is widely used in the personal care and cosmetic industries to inhibit microbial growth and hence extend the shelf life of these products.
One of the major advantages of potassium sorbate is its wide pH range, i.e between 2 - 6.5.
The typical concentration of potassium sorbate that is commonly used in the cosmetic industry is between 0.15% - 0.3% when it is used alone or 0.1% - 0.2% when it is used in combination with other preservatives.


Grains and feeds contain enough moisture and nutrient to support the growth and proliferation of microorganisms, so potassium sorbate is often used in the agricultural industries as preservatives for animal feeds and in seed treatments when combined with sodium propionate.
Potassium sorbate is also used in the pharmaceutical industries to preserve liquid preparations and increase the shelf life of these products.


-Application in Pharmaceutical Formulation
Potassium sorbate is an antimicrobial preservative.
Potassium sorbate exhibits both antibacterial and antifungal properties used in pharmaceuticals, foods, enteral preparations and cosmetics.
Generally, Potassium sorbate is used at concentrations of 0.1 – 0.2% in oral and topical formulations, especially those containing non-ionic surfactants.

Potassium sorbate is used in approximately twice as many pharmaceutical formulations as is sorbic acid owing to its greater solubility and stability in water.
Like sorbic acid, potassium sorbate has minimal antibacterial properties in formulations above pH 6.
Potassium sorbate has been used to enhance the ocular bioavailability of timolol.



POTASSIUM SORBATE: USE IN FOOD
Potassium sorbate is a preservative that is used in a variety of foods to increase their shelf life.
Potassium sorbate is widely used in the food industry and inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as yeast, mold, and bacteria.

For potassium sorbate to be particularly effective, an acidic pH value should be present.
This can be achieved, for example, by using citric acid or ascorbic acid, which is why potassium sorbate is often used in combination with other acids.

Potassium sorbate is typically added to the following foods:
*Meat substitutes
*Sauces
*Marinades
*Jams
*Spreads
*Yogurt
*Dried fruit
*Beverages
*Margarine
*Baked goods
*Mayonnaise
*Deli salads

Food additives such as potassium sorbate also act as antioxidants.
As an antioxidant, potassium sorbate can inhibit the formation of free radicals, which have a cell-damaging effect.

The preserving effect of potassium sorbate has also been utilized by the cosmetics industry, which uses the additive in personal care products to make them last longer.
Pharmaceuticals also often contain potassium sorbate.



WHAT IS POTASSIUM SORBATE USED FOR?
Potassium Sorbate is not a direct personal care and cosmetic ingredient but is widely used in products indirectly.
In skincare, Potassium sorbate safeguards creams, serums, and lotions from microbial contamination, ensuring their longevity and safety.
In hair care products like shampoos and conditioners, Potassium sorbate maintains formula integrity, preventing the growth of bacteria and fungi, thereby prolonging product shelf life.

Similarly in cosmetics, Potassium Sorbate is essential for preserving the quality and safety of makeup items like foundations, eyeshadows, and lipsticks.
By inhibiting microbial growth, Potassium sorbate ensures these products maintain their intended performance and consistency, allowing consumers to enjoy them without concerns about spoilage or contamination.



MANUFACTURING APPLICATIONS OF POTASSIUM SORBATE:
One of the major users of potassium sorbate is the wine making industries.
Potassium sorbate is used as a wine stabilizer because when it is added to the wine, it produces sorbic acid which is the active agent that inhibits the growth of yeast.
The remaining yeasts present in the wine would continue to ferment any residual sugar into alcohol until their death.

Potassium sorbate is also used to prevent the re-fermentation of these wines.
Potassium sorbate is commonly used at concentrations between 0.025% and 0.1% in the food and wine industries.
Potassium sorbate is most active in slightly acidic mediums; the pH must be low enough to enable the release of free acid that is required for efficient activity.



BENEFITS AND USES OF POTASSIUM SORBATE:
Potassium sorbate has a wide variety of uses.
This mild preservative, Potassium sorbate, has been valued for decades for its antimicrobial properties, and is an especially effective food preservative found in dehydrated meats, dairy products, and pastries.

Potassium sorbate’s especially common in dried fruit and is also often used to help preserve wine.
Potassium sorbate can prevent the growth of fungi, mold, yeast, and other potentially harmful foodborne pathogens.
Although this natural preservative, Potassium sorbate, isn’t as effective against bacteria, and will need to be complemented with other preservatives, such as rosemary or sodium benzoate.

Potassium sorbate makes an effective preservative in food, but this ingredient’s antimicrobial and antifungal properties are easily transferred to skin care and cosmetic products.
Since this preservative is a viable alternative to more harmful parabens, Potassium sorbate’s become quite popular in clean skin care and natural makeup.
As a result, potassium sorbate is often used in products at a concentration of up to 1% as a preservative.



ORIGIN OF POTASSIUM SORBATE:
Potassium Sorbate is typically synthesized through a reaction involving sorbic acid, which can be derived from natural sources such as berries, and potassium hydroxide.
This process results in the formation of Potassium Sorbate.



WHAT DOES POTASSIUM SORBATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Preservative



SAFETY PROFILE OF POTASSIUM SORBATE:
Potassium Sorbate is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with established limits in cosmetic products.
Patch testing further ensures safe usage of Potassium sorbate on different skin and hair types.
Additionally, potassium sorbate is considered vegan-friendly as it is synthetically derived and doesn't involve animal products or testing, aligning with the principles of cruelty-free cosmetics.



ALTERNATIVES OF POTASSIUM SORBATE:
*SODIUM BENZOATE,
*BENZYL ALCOHOL,
*PHENOXYETHANOL



HOW DOES POTASSIUM SORBATE HELP TO PRESERVE FOOD?
Potassium sorbate looks like a white salt and is highly soluble in water and ethanol.
This solubility factor is important because potassium sorbate must dissolve in water to release its active from – sorbic acid.

Sorbic acid is absorbed into fungal cells where it can either kill the cell or inhibit its growth; these are known as fungicidal and fungistatic activity, respectively.
It also works to prevent bacterial growth.
Potassium sorbate works best in acidic solutions around pH 4.

However, adding sorbic acid directly to drinks or foods with a high-water content is not as effective as using potassium sorbate because sorbic acid is less soluble.
Hence, you are more likely to find sorbic acid in cheese and dried fruit than in wines.
Potassium sorbate is ubiquitous in wine, fruit juice and puree production and works best in acidic solutions around pH 4.



POTASSIUM SORBATE AT A GLANCE:
*Potassium sorbate is used as a preservative in cosmetics
*Potassium sorbate is also used in food to prohibit the growth of yeast and mold
*Potassium sorbate is found to be safe in amounts of up to 10%
*Generally Potassium sorbate is used in cosmetics in amount of 1% or lower



WHAT FOODS IS POTASSIUM SORBATE FOUND IN?
The additive is found in more foods than you might think.
Because it's tasteless and odorless, Potassium sorbate is used to help a wide range of foods stay fresh, according to the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI).

These include:
*Cheese
*Baked goods
*Dried fruits
*Syrups
*Jams and jellies
*Smoked meat and fish
*Yogurt
*Pickles
*Herbal dietary supplements

Potassium sorbate's also a key player in wine production because it stops the yeast from continuing to ferment in the bottles, notes the Iowa State University Midwest Grape and Wine Industry Institute.



ORIGIN OF POTASSIUM SORBATE:
Potassium sorbate is produced by combining potassium hydroxide and sorbic acid to create a potassium salt.
Sorbic acid is naturally present in the lactone form in berries such as rowan berries, Sorbus aucuparia L,1 which it was first isolated from.
Some fruits such as cranberries, currants, strawberries naturally contain sorbic acid.



COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF POTASSIUM SORBATE:
Sorbic acid is commercially produced using the ketene–crotonaldehyde condensation method.
Potassium sorbate is purified by treating sorbic acid with sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and activated carbon.
The potassium salt can be produced from batch or sorbic acid production streams prior to drying.
Potassium sorbate is further granulated by extrusion and palletization.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM SORBATE:
Potassium sorbate is a white crystalline solid at room temperature, the pure compound has a melting point range between 132°C to 137°C and a density of 1.363g/cm3.
At a temperature above 60°C, potassium sorbate will begin to sublime.

Potassium sorbate is soluble in water, ethanol, propylene glycol and ethyl alcohol.
Potassium sorbate is slightly soluble in acetone, chloroform, corn oil and ether.
Potassium sorbate is insoluble in benzene.

The mode of action of potassium sorbate and other sorbates is by altering the cell membrane, inhibition of certain enzymes that are present within the cells of the microorganism, inhibition of the cells transport systems and the creation of a proton flux into the cell.
Potassium sorbate has also been found to be active against bacteria spores and it does this by acting on the post binding stages of the spore forming process and inhibition of certain enzymes within the spores.



FUNCTION OF POTASSIUM SORBATE:
Similar to other sorbates, Potassium sorbate can:
*Inhibit microbial growth by changing the cell membrane morphology and integrity.
*Disrupt the transport functions and metabolic activity.2
*Be more effective than other preservatives, such as calcium propionate and sodium benzoate in inhibiting mold growth in bakery...
*To access the rest of this page, you must be a member of the American Society of Baking.



IS POTASSIUM SORBATE SAFE TO EAT?
The general consensus is yes.
The U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) and the watchdog organization CSPI agree that Potassium sorbate is generally safe to consume.
The additive doesn't accumulate in the body — instead, Potassium sorbate breaks down into carbon dioxide and then water in the body, according to the ​

Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition​.
Potassium sorbate's very safe..
Potassium sorbate's been in use for a long time.



CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF SORBIC ACID AND POTASSIUM SORBATE:
Sorbic acid is a polyunsaturated carboxylic acid which means it has multiple double carbon-carbon bond attached to a carboxyl group.
Potassium sorbate is also a fatty acid, a group of carboxylic acids with atoms joined in straight chains.

In the basic reaction that creates potassium sorbate, hydrogen ions in the carboxyl group are replaced by potassium ions from the potassium hydroxide molecules.
Since it is a sorbic acid salt, potassium sorbate has a similar structure but the oxygen-hydrogen bond in the carboxyl group is replaced by an oxygen-potassium bond.



PRODUCTION OF POTASSIUM SORBATE: TECHNOLOGICAL EXTRACTION:
To produce potassium sorbate, sorbic acid is first required.
While sorbic acid is also found in fruits, chemical synthesis has proven to be the most effective method for its technological extraction.
When potassium hydroxide is added to sorbic acid, potassium sorbate is ultimately produced.



HOW IS POTASSIUM SORBATE MADE?
In the neutralisation reaction that creates potassium sorbate, hydrogen ions in the carboxyl group are replaced by potassium ions from the potassium hydroxide molecules.

There are four key steps in producing potassium sorbate:
React ketene and 2-butenal to get the ester of sorbic acid at 30 – 80 °C (this is a condensation reaction)
Cleave the ester of sorbic acid with water (hydrolysis) to isolate sorbic acid.
To get a good yield of sorbic acid manufacturers will use an acidic catalyst like hydrochloric acid.

Wash the solution with alcohol to remove waste products.
Neutralise sorbic acid with potassium hydroxide to get a potassium sorbate solution.
Dry out the solution by spinning at a high speed in a centrifuge; this produces potassium sorbate powder.



WHAT IS POTASSIUM SORBATE FOUND IN?
You’ll find potassium sorbate on the list of ingredients for many common foods.
Potassium sorbate’s a popular preservative because it’s effective and doesn’t change the qualities of a product, such as taste, smell, or appearance.
Potassium sorbate’s also water-soluble, and it works at room temperature.

You may find it added to many food products, such as:
*apple cider
*baked goods
*canned fruits and vegetables
*cheeses
*dried meats
*dried fruit
*ice cream
*pickles
*soft drinks and juices
*wine
*yogurt

Potassium sorbate is used as an antimicrobial and preservative in personal care items, as well, such as:
*eyeshadow and other cosmetics
*shampoos and moisturizers
*contact lens solution
Potassium sorbate is also approved for safe use as a preservative in moist cat and dog foods and in other animal feed.



IS POTASSIUM SORBATE SAFE TO EAT?
Regulatory agencies such as the FDA, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have determined that potassium sorbate is “generally regarded as safe,” abbreviated as GRAS.
When you eat potassium sorbate as a food additive, it passes through your system harmlessly as water and carbon dioxide.
Potassium sorbatedoes not accumulate in your body.



POTASSIUM SORBATE: ADVANTAGES OVER OTHER PRESERVATIVES
Unlike other preservatives, potassium sorbate has a neutral taste and smell, which means that the flavors and aromas of food products are not affected.
Another major advantage of potassium sorbate is that it is considered safe for human consumption.
Potassium sorbate has low toxicity and has been classified as safe by the World Health Organization and the European Food Safety Authority.
The salt of sorbic acid has no harmful effects on the human body, if Potassium sorbate is consumed within recommended doses.



PRODUCTION OF POTASSIUM SORBATE:
Potassium sorbate is produced industrially by neutralizing sorbic acid with potassium hydroxide.
The precursor sorbic acid is produced in a two-step process via the condensation of crotonaldehyde and ketene.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POTASSIUM SORBATE:
Chemical formula: C6H7KO2
Molar mass: 150.218 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystals
Odor: Yes
Density: 1.363 g/cm3
Melting point: 270 °C (518 °F; 543 K) decomposes
Solubility in water: 58.5 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility in other solvents:
Soluble in ethanol, propylene glycol
Slightly soluble in acetone
Very slightly soluble in chloroform, corn oil, ether
Insoluble in benzene

Molecular Weight: 150.22 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 150.00831095 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 150.00831095 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.1Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 127
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling Point: 233°C
Melting Point: 270°C
pH: 2.0-6.5
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
CAS number: 24634-61-5
EC index number: 019-003-00-3
EC number: 246-376-1
Grade: Ph Eur,BP,ChP,NF,FCC,E 202
Hill Formula: C₆H₇KO₂

Molar Mass: 150.22 g/mol
HS Code: 2916 19 95
Density: 1.36 g/cm3 (23.5 °C)
Ignition temperature: >150 °C
Melting Point: >205 °C (decomposition)
pH value: 7.75 - 7.77 (H₂O, 20.1 °C)
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 370 kg/m3
Solubility: 1.95 - 543 g/l
Physical state: Solid
Density: 1.363 g/cm3
Solubility: Soluble in water and other aqueous solvents. Water solubility is 58.2 g/100 ml
Melting Point: 270 °C
Antimicrobial activity: predominantly used as an antifungal preservative,
although it also has antibacterial properties.
Melting point: 270 with decomposition

Physical state: crystalline
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Decomposes before melting.
Initial boiling point and boiling range:
decomposition below boiling point
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: 178 °C
- Relative self-ignition temperature for solids
Decomposition temperature: >= 205 °C
pH: 7,75 - 7,77 at 20,1 °C

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 1,95 g/l at 20 °C- completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 1,32 at 20 °C
Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: < 0,01 hPa at 20 °C
Density: No data available
Relative density: 1,36 at 23,5 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Surface tension: 72,6 mN/m at 20 °C
Dissociation constant: 4,69 at 20 °C



FIRST AID MEASURES of POTASSIUM SORBATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POTASSIUM SORBATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POTASSIUM SORBATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POTASSIUM SORBATE:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POTASSIUM SORBATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Store at Room Temperature.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POTASSIUM SORBATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



POTASSIUM SORBATE
Potassium Sorbate IUPAC Name potassium;(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate Potassium Sorbate InChI 1S/C6H8O2.K/c1-2-3-4-5-6(7)8;/h2-5H,1H3,(H,7,8);/q;+1/p-1/b3-2+,5-4+; Potassium Sorbate InChI Key CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-STWYSWDKSA-M Potassium Sorbate Canonical SMILES CC=CC=CC(=O)[O-].[K+] Potassium Sorbate Isomeric SMILES C/C=C/C=C/C(=O)[O-].[K+] Potassium Sorbate Molecular Formula C6H7O2K Potassium Sorbate CAS 590-00-1 Potassium Sorbate Deprecated CAS 16577-94-9 Potassium Sorbate European Community (EC) Number 246-376-1 Potassium Sorbate UNII 1VPU26JZZ4 Potassium Sorbate FEMA Number 2921 Potassium Sorbate DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID7027835 Potassium Sorbate Physical Description DryPowder; Liquid; PelletsLargeCrystals Potassium Sorbate Color/Form White powder Potassium Sorbate Odor Characteristic odor Potassium Sorbate Melting Point for sorbic acidMelting range of sorbic acid isolated by acidification and not recrystallised 133 °C to 135 °C after vacuum drying in a sulphuric acid desiccator Potassium Sorbate Solubility Solubility in water at 20 °C: 58.2%; in alcohol: 6.5% Potassium Sorbate Density 1.363 at 25 °C/20 °C Potassium Sorbate Decomposition When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of K2O. Potassium Sorbate Molecular Weight 150.22 g/mol Potassium Sorbate Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0 Potassium Sorbate Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 2 Potassium Sorbate Rotatable Bond Count 2 Potassium Sorbate Exact Mass 150.008311 g/mol Potassium Sorbate Monoisotopic Mass 150.008311 g/mol Potassium Sorbate Topological Polar Surface Area 40.1 Ų Potassium Sorbate Heavy Atom Count 9 Potassium Sorbate Formal Charge 0 Potassium Sorbate Complexity 127 Potassium Sorbate Isotope Atom Count 0 Potassium Sorbate Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Potassium Sorbate Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Potassium Sorbate Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 2 Potassium Sorbate Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Potassium Sorbate Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2 Potassium Sorbate Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Potassium Sorbate is a potassium salt having sorbate as the counterion. It has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative. It contains an (E,E)-sorbate.One hundred and twenty-two cases of vaginal fungal infections treated with Potassium Sorbate are presented. A new method of follow-up home application by means of vaginal tampons is tried. Relief of symptoms is prompt, and yeast organism disappear; the safety and superior efficacy of a strengthened (3%) solution is established. Treatment of fungal infections in males is also discussed.Potassium Sorbate is a white crystalline powder or solid. It has a slight odor. Potassium Sorbate is very soluble in water. USE: Potassium Sorbate is an important commercial chemical that is used as a preservative and antibacterial in food, wines and cosmetics. EXPOSURE: Workers that use Potassium Sorbate may breathe in mists or have direct skin contact. The general population may be exposed by consumption of food and use of personal care products. RISK: Data on the potential for Potassium Sorbate to cause adverse effects in humans are limited to a few cases of skin irritation. Due to its long history as a food additive with no apparent toxic effects, and lack of toxic effects in laboratory animals fed low-to-moderate doses, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration considers Potassium Sorbate a "GRAS" (generally recognized as safe) food additive. Therefore, it is not expected to cause any toxicity in humans at levels found in food. No irritation to eyes or skin was observed in laboratory animals following direct contact with Potassium Sorbate. Nasal irritation and lesions were observed in laboratory animals following repeated application of solutions containing low-to-moderate levels of Potassium Sorbate directly to the nasal mucosa. No birth defects developed in offspring of laboratory animals fed high doses of Potassium Sorbate. Data on the potential for Potassium Sorbate to cause reproductive effects were not available. No tumors were induced in laboratory animals following life-time exposure to moderate-to-high levels of Potassium Sorbate or its breakdown product sorbic acid. Increased liver tumors were observed in laboratory animals fed an extremely high dose of sorbic acid over time. The potential for Potassium Sorbate to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 14th Report on Carcinogens.Sorbic acid is reacted with an equimolar portion of KOH. The resulting Potassium Sorbate may be crystallized from aqueous ethanol.The most commonly used products are sorbic acid itself (E200) and Potassium Sorbate (E202). In many countries sodium sorbate (E201) and calcium sorbate (E203) are also permitted. Sorbic acid is sparingly soluble in water, sodium sorbate has better solubility, and Potassium Sorbate is very freely soluble and can be used to produce 50% stock solutions.Ultraviolet or colorimetric procedures used to analyze Potassium Sorbate in dried prunes.Potassium Sorbate should be stored @ temp below 100 °F & should not be exposed to light or heat. Containers should be kept closed.An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of Potassium Sorbate.An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of Potassium Sorbate.Potassium Sorbate used as a chemical preservative in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.Potassium Sorbate used as a chemical preservative in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.Substances migrating to food from paper and paperboard products used in food packaging that are generally recognized as safe for their intended use, within section 409 of the Act. Potassium Sorbate is included on this list.Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Sorbic Acid and Potassium Sorbate.The food additives sodium nitrite and Potassium Sorbate had cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on in vitro cultured V79 hamster cells and EUE human fibroblasts if administered in an acid environment (pH 4.95). The strong cytotoxic effect of sodium nitrite and that of the combined action of sodium nitrite and Potassium Sorbate was observed along the inhibition of macromolecular synthesis. In this respect, Potassium Sorbate was less effective. The decreased plating efficiency of the cells and the inhibition of de novo DNA synthesis induced by these substances aroused the question whether they also have genotoxic effects on V79 cells. Statistical analyses showed that sodium nitrite induced more 6-TG-resistant (6-TGr) mutants as compared to the untreated control. However, this elevation did not correspond to the level of inhibition of DNA synthesis determined during the followed period of time after the removal of the substance. Potassium Sorbate and a combination thereof with sodium nitrite, in our experiments, had no mutagenic effects.Although Potassium Sorbate (PS), ascorbic acid and ferric or ferrous salts (Fe-salts) are used widely in combination as food additives, the strong reactivity of PS and oxidative potency of ascorbic acid in the presence of Fe-salts might form toxic compounds in food during its deposit and distribution.Potassium Sorbate forms white crystals or powder with characteristic odor. It is used as preservative and antimicrobial agent for foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It has been also used as medication. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Formulations containing up to 0.5% sorbic acid and/or Potassium Sorbate were not significant primary or cumulative irritants and not sensitizers at this test concentration. In humans, a few cases of idiosyncratic intolerances have been reported (non-immunological contact urticaria and pseudo-allergy). ANIMAL STUDIES: Potassium Sorbate was practically nontoxic to rats and mice in acute oral toxicity studies. Potassium Sorbate at concentrations up to 10% was practically nonirritating to the rabbit's eye. Potassium Sorbate have been tested for mutagenic effects using the Ames test, genetic recombination tests, reversion assays, rec assays, tests for chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and gene mutations. Results have been both positive and negative. Potassium Sorbate at 0.1% in the diet or 0.3% in drinking water of rats for up to 100 weeks produced no neoplasms. No teratogenic effects have been observed in pregnant mice and rats administered Potassium Sorbate.In three repeat insult patch tests using a total of 478 subjects, sorbic acid had overall sensitization rates of 0, 0.33, and 0.8%. All the subjects sensitized were inducted with 20% sorbic acid and challenged with 5% sorbic acid. Formulations containing up to 0.5% sorbic acid or 0.15% Potassium Sorbate were not cumulative irritants or were very mild cumulative irritants. They were not primary irritants and were not sensitizers.An RIPT was conducted using 56 panelists and a facial scrub containing 0.1% Potassium Sorbate. The formulation was diluted 1 :I00 by weight with distilled water for the study. Eight 24 hr semiocclusive induction patches were applied over a 2 week period to the lateral upper arm of each subject. Reactions were scored at patch removal. After an approximately 2 week rest period, a 24 hr semiocclusive challenge patch was applied to a previously untreated site. Reactions to the challenge patch were graded at patch removal and 24 and 48 hr later. Two slight, transient, questionable erythema reactions were observed during induction. No other reactions were observed during induction or challenge. The facial scrub did not induce dermal irritation or sensitization.The skin irritation and sensitization potential of a facial scrub containing 0.1% Potassium Sorbate was evaluated in an RIPT with 47 panelists. The formulation was diluted 1 :I00 in distilled water. Eight 24 hr semiocclusive induction patches were applied to the lateral aspect of the upper arms of the subjects over a 2 week period, and reactions were scored on a scale of O-5 at patch removal. After a 2 week rest period, a 24 hr semiocclusive challenge patch was applied, and reactions were scored at patch removal and 24 and 48 hr later. No reactions greater than 2 (moderate erythema) were observed during the induction period, and no reactions at challenge were indicative of sensitization.Occupational contact dermatitis from Potassium Sorbate in milk transformation plant /described/. Sorbic acid (in petrolatum) and Potassium Sorbate (as aqueous solution) at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10% were practically nonirritating and nonirritating, respectively, to the rabbit eye. Formulations containing 0.1% sorbic acid or 0.15% Potassium Sorbate were nonirritating to the rabbit eye.A 1% aqueous Potassium Sorbate solution was practically nonirritating to rabbit skin.The stability of Potassium Sorbate is strongly dependent on its water content, which must be kept below 0.5%. At room temperature about 140 g of Potassium Sorbate can be dissolved in 100 mL of water. ... Potassium Sorbate is resistant to air oxidation ... although the stability in the solid state depends on purity.Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, chemical formula CH3CH=CH−CH=CH−CO2K. It is a white salt that is very soluble in water (58.2% at 20 °C). It is primarily used as a food preservative (E number 202).Potassium sorbate is effective in a variety of applications including food, wine, and personal-care products. While sorbic acid is naturally occurring in some berries, virtually all of the world's production of sorbic acid, from which potassium sorbate is derived, is manufactured synthetically.Potassium sorbate is used as a preservative in a number of foods, since its anti-microbial properties stop the growth and spread of harmful bacteria and molds. It is used in cheese, baked goods, syrups and jams. It is also used as a preservative for dehydrated foods like jerky and dried fruit, as it does not leave an aftertaste. The use of potassium sorbate increases the shelf life of foods, so many dietary supplements also include it. It is commonly used in wine production because it stops the yeast from continuing to ferment in the bottles." It is used for Food Preservative: Potassium sorbate is used particularly in foods that are stored at room temperature or that are precooked, such as canned fruits and vegetables, canned fish, dried meat, and desserts. It’s also commonly used in food that is prone to mold growth, such as dairy products like cheese, yogurt, and ice cream. Many foods that are not fresh rely on potassium sorbate and other preservatives to keep them from spoiling. In general, potassium sorbate in food is very common.It is used for Winemaking: Potassium sorbate is also commonly used in winemaking, to prevent wine from losing its flavor. Without a preservative, the fermentation process in wine would continue and cause the flavor to change. Soft drinks, juices, and sodas also often use potassium sorbate as a preservative.It is used for Beauty Products: While the chemical is common in food, there are many other potassium sorbate uses. Many beauty products are also prone to mold growth and use the preservative to extend the life of skin and haircare products. It is very likely that your shampoo, hair spray, or skin cream contains potassium sorbate.Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, chemical formula CH3CH=CH−CH=CH−CO2K. It is a white salt that is very soluble in water (58.2% at 20 °C). It is primarily used as a food preservative (E number 202).Potassium sorbate is effective in a variety of applications including food, wine, and personal-care products. While sorbic acid occurs naturally in some berries, virtually all of the world's supply of sorbic acid, from which potassium sorbate is derived, is manufactured synthetically.Potassium sorbate is produced industrially by neutralizing sorbic acid with potassium hydroxide. The precursor sorbic acid is produced in a two-step process via the condensation of crotonaldehyde and ketene.Potassium sorbate is used to inhibit molds and yeasts in many foods, such as cheese, wine, yogurt, dried meats, apple cider, rehydrated fruits, soft drinks and fruit drinks, and baked goods.It is used in the preparation of items such as hotcake syrup and milkshakes served by fast-food restaurants such as McDonald's.It can also be found in the ingredients list of many dried fruit products. In addition, herbal dietary supplement products generally contain potassium sorbate, which acts to prevent mold and microbes and to increase shelf life. It is used in quantities at which no adverse health effects are known, over short periods of time.Labeling of this preservative on ingredient statements reads as "potassium sorbate" or "E202". Also, it is used in many personal-care products to inhibit the development of microorganisms for shelf stability. Some manufacturers are using this preservative as a replacement for parabens. Tube feeding of potassium sorbate reduces the gastric burden of pathogenic bacteria.Also known as "wine stabilizer", potassium sorbate produces sorbic acid when added to wine. It serves two purposes. When active fermentation has ceased and the wine is racked for the final time after clearing, potassium sorbate renders any surviving yeast incapable of multiplying. Yeast living at that moment can continue fermenting any residual sugar into CO2 and alcohol, but when they die, no new yeast will be present to cause future fermentation. When a wine is sweetened before bottling, potassium sorbate is used to prevent refermentation when used in conjunction with potassium metabisulfite. It is primarily used with sweet wines, sparkling wines, and some hard ciders, but may be added to table wines, which exhibit difficulty in maintaining clarity after fining.Some molds (notably some Trichoderma and Penicillium strains) and yeasts are able to detoxify sorbates by decarboxylation, producing piperylene (1,3-pentadiene). The pentadiene manifests as a typical odor of kerosene or petroleum.In pure form, potassium sorbate is a skin, eye, and respiratory irritant.Concentrations up to 0.5% are not significant skin irritants.As a food additive, potassium sorbate is used as a preservative in concentrations of 0.025% to 0.1% (see sorbic acid),which in a 100 g serving yields an intake of 25 mg to 100 mg. In the United States, no more than 0.1% is allowed in fruit butters, jellies, preserves, and related products. Up to 0.4% has been studied in low-salt, naturally-fermented pickles, and when combined with calcium chloride, 0.2% made "good quality pickles."Potassium sorbate has about 74% of sorbic acid's anti-microbial activity.When calculated as sorbic acid, 0.3% is allowed in "cold pack cheese food."The upper pH limit for effectiveness is 6.5.The maximal acceptable daily intake for human consumption is 25 mg/kg, or 1750 mg daily for an average adult (70 kg).Under some conditions, particularly at high concentrations or when combined with nitrites, potassium sorbate has shown genotoxic activity in vitro.Three studies conducted in the 1970s did not find it to have any carcinogenic effects in rats.Potassium sorbate is a chemical additive. It’s widely used as a preservative in foods, drinks, and personal care products. It is an odorless and tasteless salt synthetically produced from sorbic acid and potassium hydroxide.Potassium sorbate prolongs the shelf life of foods by stopping the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi. It was discovered in the 1850s by the French, who derived it from berries of the mountain ash tree. Its safety and uses as a preservative have been researched for the last fifty years. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recognizes it as generally safe when used appropriately.You’ll find potassium sorbate on the list of ingredients for many common foods. It’s a popular preservative because it’s effective and doesn’t change the qualities of a product, such as taste, smell, or appearance. It’s also water-soluble, and it works at room temperature.Regulatory agencies such as the FDA, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have determined that potassium sorbate is “generally regarded as safe,” abbreviated as GRAS. When you eat potassium sorbate as a food additive, it passes through your system harmlessly as water and carbon dioxide. It does not accumulate in your body.Some people may have an allergic reaction to potassium sorbate in foods. These allergies are rare. Allergies to potassium sorbate are more common with cosmetics and personal products, where it can cause skin or scalp irritation. However, the Environmental Working Group has rated potassium sorbate with a low risk as a skin irritant.Read your food ingredient labels carefully. Be aware of what is in your food. Even though potassium sorbate and other additives are considered safe, you can avoid them by eating fewer processed foods.If you think you have an allergy to potassium sorbate, see if your allergic reactions go away when you stop consuming or using items that contain the additive.Food additives have become a controversial subject. It’s important to keep a scientific perspective when reading web-based information and scare stories. Is the information backed up by facts, or is it biased? Research has shown that potassium sorbate is safe for most people to eat, though it may cause some skin allergies when used in personal care products.One hundred and twenty-two cases of vaginal fungal infections treated with potassium sorbate are presented. A new method of follow-up home application by means of vaginal tampons is tried. Relief of symptoms is prompt, and yeast organism disappear; the safety and superior efficacy of a strengthened (3%) solution is established. Treatment of fungal infections in males is also discussed.Potassium sorbate is a white crystalline powder or solid. It has a slight odor. Potassium sorbate is very soluble in water. USE: Potassium sorbate is an important commercial chemical that is used as a preservative and antibacterial in food, wines and cosmetics. EXPOSURE: Workers that use potassium sorbate may breathe in mists or have direct skin contact. The general population may be exposed by consumption of food and use of personal care products. RISK: Data on the potential for potassium sorbate to cause adverse effects in humans are limited to a few cases of skin irritation. Due to its long history as a food additive with no apparent toxic effects, and lack of toxic effects in laboratory animals fed low-to-moderate doses, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration considers potassium sorbate a "GRAS" (generally recognized as safe) food additive. Therefore, it is not expected to cause any toxicity in humans at levels found in food. No irritation to eyes or skin was observed in laboratory animals following direct contact with potassium sorbate. Nasal irritation and lesions were observed in laboratory animals following repeated application of solutions containing low-to-moderate levels of potassium sorbate directly to the nasal mucosa. No birth defects developed in offspring of laboratory animals fed high doses of potassium sorbate. Data on the potential for potassium sorbate to cause reproductive effects were not available. No tumors were induced in laboratory animals following life-time exposure to moderate-to-high levels of potassium sorbate or its breakdown product sorbic acid. Increased liver tumors were observed in laboratory animals fed an extremely high dose of sorbic acid over time. The potential for potassium sorbate to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 14th Report on Carcinogens.Because of their physiological inertness, their effectiveness even in the weakly acid pH range and their neutral taste, sorbic acid and its salts have become the leading preservatives in the food sector throughout the world over the past 30 years. The most commonly used products are sorbic acid itself (E200) and potassium sorbate (E202). In many countries sodium sorbate (E201) and calcium sorbate (E203) are also permitted. Sorbic acid is sparingly soluble in water, sodium sorbate has better solubility, and potassium sorbate is very freely soluble and can be used to produce 50% stock solutions. The soluble sorbates are preferred when it is desired to use the preservative in liquid form, or when aqueous systems are to be preserved. Sodium sorbate in solid form is unstable and very rapidly undergoes oxidation on exposure to atmospheric oxygen. It is therefore not produced on the industrial scale. Aqueous solutions of sodium sorbate remain stable for some time. Calcium sorbate is used in the manufacture of fungistatic wrappers because it is highly stable to oxidation, but this use is very limited. Sorbic acid and sorbates can be directly added into the product. The products can be dipped or sprayed with aqueous solutions of sorbates. Dusting of food with dry sorbic acid is also possible but less recommended because sorbic acid irritates the skin and mucous membranes. Sorbic acid and particularly calcium sorbate can be used as active substances in fungistatic wrappers.Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.The food additives sodium nitrite and potassium sorbate had cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on in vitro cultured V79 hamster cells and EUE human fibroblasts if administered in an acid environment (pH 4.95). The strong cytotoxic effect of sodium nitrite and that of the combined action of sodium nitrite and potassium sorbate was observed along the inhibition of macromolecular synthesis. In this respect, potassium sorbate was less effective. The decreased plating efficiency of the cells and the inhibition of de novo DNA synthesis induced by these substances aroused the question whether they also have genotoxic effects on V79 cells. Statistical analyses showed that sodium nitrite induced more 6-TG-resistant (6-TGr) mutants as compared to the untreated control. However, this elevation did not correspond to the level of inhibition of DNA synthesis determined during the followed period of time after the removal of the substance. Potassium sorbate and a combination thereof with sodium nitrite, in our experiments, had no mutagenic effects.Although potassium sorbate (PS), ascorbic acid and ferric or ferrous salts (Fe-salts) are used widely in combination as food additives, the strong reactivity of PS and oxidative potency of ascorbic acid in the presence of Fe-salts might form toxic compounds in food during its deposit and distribution. In the present paper, the reaction mixture of PS, ascorbic acid and Fe-salts was evaluated for mutagenicity and DNA-damaging activity by means of the Ames test and rec-assay. Effective lethality was observed in the rec-assay. No mutagenicity was induced in either Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 (with or without S-9 mix) or TA100 (with S-9 mix). In contrast, a dose-dependent mutagenic effect was obtained when applied to strain TA100 without S-9 mix. The mutagenic activity became stronger increasing with the reaction period. Furthermore, the reaction products obtained in a nitrogen atmosphere did not show any mutagenic and DNA-damaging activity. PS, ascorbic acid and Fe-salts were inactive when they were used separately. Omission of one component from the mixture of PS, ascorbic acid and Fe-salt turned the reaction system inactive. These results demonstrate that ascorbic acid and Fe-salt oxidized PS and the oxidative products caused mutagenicity and DNA-damaging activity.Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention.Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination.In three repeat insult patch tests using a total of 478 subjects, sorbic acid had overall sensitization rates of 0, 0.33, and 0.8%. All the subjects sensitized were inducted with 20% sorbic acid and challenged with 5% sorbic acid. Formulations containing up to 0.5% sorbic acid or 0.15% potassium sorbate were not cumulative irritants or were very mild cumulative irritants. They were not primary irritants and were not sensitizers.An RIPT was conducted using 56 panelists and a facial scrub containing 0.1% potassium sorbate. The formulation was diluted 1 :I00 by weight with distilled water for the study. Eight 24 hr semiocclusive induction patches were applied over a 2 week period to the lateral upper arm of each subject. Reactions were scored at patch removal. After an approximately 2 week rest period, a 24 hr semiocclusive challenge patch was applied to a previously untreated site. Reactions to the challenge patch were graded at patch removal and 24 and 48 hr later. Two slight, transient, questionable erythema reactions were observed during induction. No other reactions were observed during induction or challenge. The facial scrub did not induce dermal irritation or sensitization.The skin irritation and sensitization potential of a facial scrub containing 0.1% potassium sorbate was evaluated in an RIPT with 47 panelists. The formulation was diluted 1 :I00 in distilled water. Eight 24 hr semiocclusive induction patches were applied to the lateral aspect of the upper arms of the subjects over a 2 week period, and reactions were scored on a scale of O-5 at patch removal. After a 2 week rest period, a 24 hr semiocclusive challenge patch was applied, and reactions were scored at patch removal and 24 and 48 hr later. No reactions greater than 2 (moderate erythema) were observed during the induction period, and no reactions at challenge were indicative of sensitization.Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ The preservatives benzalkonium chloride (BZC) and potassium sorbate (PS) are widely used, not only for nasal drops, but also for eyedrops and cosmetics. However, there have been many case reports that consider lesions such as dermatitis or conjunctivitis to be the results of irritation induced by BZC or PS. We evaluated the histological changes after the long-term administration of BZC or PS on rat nasal respiratory mucosa. Forty rats were used for the BZC group and 40 rats for PS group. Animals in each group were divided into four subgroups The first subgroup received a low-concentration preservative solution that was commonly used for nasal sprays. The second subgroup received a high-concentration preservative solution that was reported to induce dermatitis in humans. The third and fourth subgroups received a steroid mixed preservative solution of low and high concentrations, respectively. The control group was administrated normal saline.
POTASSIUM SORBATE
Potassium sorbate is a potassium salt having sorbate as the counterion.
Potassium Sorbate has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative.
Potassium Sorbate contains an (E,E)-sorbate.

CAS: 590-00-1
MF: C6H7KO2
MW: 150.22
EINECS: 611-771-3

Potassium Sorbate can be derived through neutralization of sorbic acid by potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide.
Potassium sorbate looks like a white salt and is highly soluble in water and ethanol.
This solubility factor is important because potassium sorbate must dissolve in water to release its active from – sorbic acid.
Sorbic acid is absorbed into fungal cells where Potassium Sorbate can either kill the cell or inhibit its growth; these are known as fungicidal and fungistatic activity, respectively.
Potassium Sorbate also works to prevent bacterial growth.
Potassium sorbate works best in acidic solutions around pH 4.
However, adding sorbic acid directly to drinks or foods with a high-water content is not as effective as using potassium sorbate because sorbic acid is less soluble.
Hence, you are more likely to find sorbic acid in cheese and dried fruit than in wines.
Potassium sorbate is ubiquitous in wine, fruit juice and puree production and works best in acidic solutions around pH 4.

Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, chemical formula CH3CH=CH−CH=CH−CO2K.
Potassium Sorbate is a white salt that is very soluble in water (58.2% at 20 °C).
Potassium Sorbate is primarily used as a food preservative (E number 202).
Potassium sorbate is effective in a variety of applications including food, wine, and personal-care products.
While sorbic acid occurs naturally in rowan and hippophae berries, virtually all of the world's supply of sorbic acid, from which potassium sorbate is derived, is manufactured synthetically.

Potassium sorbate is a preservative found in food, skin care, cosmetics, and personal care products.
Potassium Sorbate is the potassium salt of a naturally occurring compound known as sorbic acid.
Potassium Sorbate kills microorganisms and prevents the growth of bacteria, fungi, and mold.

Potassium sorbate occurs naturally from the vibrant berries of the rowan tree (Sorbus aucuparia) or mountain-ashes, which are shrubs or trees known for their hardiness in cold weather.

In its pure form, potassium sorbate is a white, water-soluble salt that appears as small grains or crystals.
While potassium sorbate can be naturally sourced, the most common way of producing potassium sorbate is through synthetic methods; specifically, by neutralizing sorbic acid with hydrogen peroxide.
The result is a compound identical to that found in nature.

Potassium sorbate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 270 °C
Density: 1.3630
FEMA: 2921 | POTASSIUM SORBATE
Storage temp.: Amber Vial, -20°C Freezer
Solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless to faintly yellow
Form: Solid
Color: White to Off-White
Odor: at 100.00?%. characteristic
Stability: Light Sensitive
LogP: 1.620
CAS DataBase Reference: 590-00-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Potassium Sorbate (1:1) (590-00-1)

Potassium Sorbate appears as white to pale yellow flaky crystals and crystalline powder or granular.
Potassium Sorbate is odorless or slightly smelly.
Long-term storage in the air is easy to absorb moisture and oxidative decomposition as well as coloring.
Relative density (d2025): 1.363.
The melting point temperature: 270 ° C (decomposition).
Potassium Sorbate is easily soluble in water (67.6g/100ml, 20 ℃) 5% salt water (47.5g/100ml, room temperature), 25% sugar water (5lg/100ml, room temperature).
Potassium Sorbate can be dissolved in propylene glycol (5.8 g/100 ml), ethanol (0.3 g/100 ml) with the pH value of the 1% aqueous solution being 7 to 8.

Potassium Sorbate has a strong effect on inhibiting spoilage and mold, and because of its lower toxicity than other preservatives, Potassium Sorbate has become the world's most important preservatives.
In acidic conditions, Potassium Sorbate can give full effect of anti-corrosion while the effect is the lowest in neutral condition.
Potassium sorbate was first discovered by the French in the 1850s, having been derived from the mountain ash tree.
Potassium Sorbate is widely used in the food industry and few substances have had the kind of extensive, rigorous, long-term testing that sorbic acid and its salts have had.
Potassium Sorbate decomposes at about 270°C.
For a detailed description of this compound, refer to Burdock (1997).

Uses
Potassium sorbate is a chemical food preservative.
Potassium Sorbate's anti-microbial properties stop the growth and spread of harmful bacteria.
When used correctly, Potassium Sorbate inhibits bacterial growth in colostrum and milk.
Potassium Sorbate can also be used to preserve antibody levels in ‘gold’ (first milking) colostrum.
Potassium sorbate is use as an antimicrobial preservative prevents the growth of mold, bacteria and fungi in cheese, dried meats, baked goods, jellies and syrups.
As a preservative in dried fruit, potassium sorbate often replaces sulfur dioxide, which has an aftertaste.
The addition of potassium sorbate to dietary supplements inhibits microbes and increases shelf life.
Many personal care products use potassium sorbate to prolong shelf stability and prevent bacteria contamination.
Acting as a wine stabilizer, potassium sorbate prevents yeast from fermentation past the wine’s bottling stage.

By inhibiting the fermentation process, Potassium Sorbate ceases production of yeast.
Potassium sorbate is not a broad spectrum preservative for cosmetic use and should be combined with other preservatives.
If potassium sorbate is used as a preservative, the pH of the finished product may need to be reduced for potassium sorbate to be effective.
Potassium Sorbate is because potassium sorbate is the inactive salt form of sorbic acid.
To be useful, the pH of the formulation must be low enough to release the free acid for useful activity.
Potassium sorbate is a food grade preservative generally regarded as safe (GRAS) worldwide.
Potassium Sorbate is the inactive salt of sorbic acid.
Potassium Sorbate readily dissolves in water where it converts to sorbic acid, its active form, at a low pH.

Potassium Sorbate is very pH dependent.
While Potassium Sorbate shows some activity up to pH 6 (about 6%), it is most active at pH 4.4 (70%).
At pH 5.0 Potassium Sorbate is 37% active.
As sorbic acid, Potassium Sorbate is considered to be active against mold, fair against yeast and poor against most bacteria.
Potassium Sorbate is an unsaturated fatty acid and as such is subject to oxidation (use of an antioxidant like Mixed Tocopherols T50 is recommended).
Potassium Sorbate is also sensitive to UV light and may turn yellow in solution.
Potassium Sorbate is reported to stabilize potassium sorbate against discoloration and darkening in aqueous solutions and may be useful in stabilizing sorbic acid in the water phase of a product.

Potassium Sorbate is a preservative that is the potassium salt of sor- bic acid.
Potassium Sorbate is a white crystalline powder which is very soluble in water, with a solubility of 139 g in 100 ml at 20°c.
Potassium Sorbate solubility allows for solutions of high concentration which can be used for dipping and spraying.
Potassium Sorbate is effective up to ph 6.5.
Potassium Sorbate has approxi- mately 74% of the activity of sorbic acid, therefore requiring higher concentrations to obtain comparable results as sorbic acid.
Potassium Sorbate is effec- tive against yeasts and molds and is used in cheese, bread, beverages, margarine, and dry sausage.
typical usage levels are 0.025–0.10%.

Potassium sorbate is used to inhibit molds and yeasts in many foods, such as cheese, wine, yogurt, dried meats, apple cider, dehydrated fruits, soft drinks and fruit drinks, and baked goods.
Potassium Sorbate is used in the preparation of items such as hotcake syrup and milkshakes served by fast-food restaurants such as McDonald's.
Potassium Sorbate can also be found in the ingredients list of many dried fruit products.
In addition, herbal dietary supplement products generally contain potassium sorbate, which acts to prevent mold and microbes and to increase shelf life.

Potassium Sorbate is used in quantities at which no adverse health effects are known, over short periods of time.
Labeling of this preservative on ingredient statements reads as "potassium sorbate" or "E202".
Also, Potassium Sorbate is used in many personal-care products to inhibit the development of microorganisms for shelf stability.
Some manufacturers are using this preservative as a replacement for parabens.
Tube feeding of potassium sorbate reduces the gastric burden of pathogenic bacteria.

Also known as "wine stabilizer", potassium sorbate produces sorbic acid when added to wine.
Potassium Sorbate serves two purposes.
When active fermentation has ceased and the wine is racked for the final time after clearing, potassium sorbate renders any surviving yeast incapable of multiplying.
Yeast living at that moment can continue fermenting any residual sugar into CO2 and alcohol, but when they die, no new yeast will be present to cause future fermentation.

When a wine is sweetened before bottling, potassium sorbate is used to prevent refermentation when used in conjunction with potassium metabisulfite.
Potassium Sorbate is primarily used with sweet wines, sparkling wines, and some hard ciders, but may be added to table wines, which exhibit difficulty in maintaining clarity after fining.
Some molds (notably some Trichoderma and Penicillium strains) and yeasts are able to detoxify sorbates by decarboxylation, producing piperylene (1,3-pentadiene).
The pentadiene manifests as a typical odor of kerosene or petroleum.

Content analysis
Take 0.25g (accurate to 0.1mg) sample pre-dried at 105 ℃ for 3h and put into a 250 ml flask equipped with a glass stopper.
Add 36 mL acetic acid and 4 mL acetic anhydride, heat and warm into a solution.
When cooled to room temperature, add 2 drops of crystal violet test solution (TS-74) and titrate with the acetate solution of the 0.1mol/L perchloric acid to blue-green end point which maintains 30 s without disappearing.
At the same time, perform a blank test and make the necessary correction.
Each mL of 0.1mol/L perchloric acid is equivalent to 15.02 mg of potassium sorbate (C6H7KO2).

Production Methods
Potassium sorbate is produced industrially by neutralizing sorbic acid with potassium hydroxide.
The precursor sorbic acid is produced in a two-step process via the condensation of crotonaldehyde and ketene.

Toxicology
In pure form, potassium sorbate is a skin, eye, and respiratory irritant.
Concentrations up to 0.5% are not significant skin irritants.
As a food additive, potassium sorbate is used as a preservative in concentrations of 0.025–0.100%, which in a 100 g serving yields an intake of 25–100 mg.
In the United States, no more than 0.1% is allowed in fruit butters, jellies, preserves, and related products.
Up to 0.4% has been studied in low-salt, naturally-fermented pickles, and when combined with calcium chloride, 0.2% made "good quality pickles."
Potassium sorbate has about 74% of sorbic acid's anti-microbial activity.
When calculated as sorbic acid, 0.3% is allowed in "cold pack cheese food."
The upper pH limit for effectiveness is 6.5.
The maximal acceptable daily intake for human consumption is 25 mg/kg, or 1750 mg daily for an average adult (70 kg).
Under some conditions, particularly at high concentrations or when combined with nitrites, potassium sorbate has shown genotoxic activity in vitro.

Synonyms
POTASSIUM SORBATE
24634-61-5
Sorbistat potassium
590-00-1
Sorbistat-K
Potassium (E,E)-sorbate
Sorbic acid potassium salt
Potassium 2,4-hexadienoate
Sorbic acid, potassium salt
BB Powder
Sorbistat-potassium
potassium (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate
FEMA No. 2921
Sorbistat k
Potassium sorbate (E)
Caswell No. 701C
Potassium (E,E)-2,4-hexadienoate
Potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate
CCRIS 1894
HSDB 1230
Ins no.202
Potassium (e,e')-sorbate
Potassium Sorbate [USAN]
UNII-1VPU26JZZ4
EINECS 246-376-1
Ins-202
1VPU26JZZ4
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt
Potassium sorbate (e 202)
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 075902
Potassium 2,4-hexadienoate, (E,E)-
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, (2E,4E)-
CHEBI:77868
AI3-26043
E 202
Potassium sorbate [NF]
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, (E,E)-
Sorbic acid, potassium salt, (E,E)-
potassium;(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate
potassium trans,trans-sorbate
DTXSID7027835
E-202
2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt, (E,E)-
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)-, potassium salt
EC 246-376-1
potassium trans,trans-2,4-hexadienoate
Potassium sorbate (NF)
Potassium (E,E')-sorbate; Potassium sorbate
POTASSIUM SORBATE (II)
POTASSIUM SORBATE [II]
C6H8O2.K
2,4-HEXADIENOIC ACID, (E,E')-, POTASSIUM SALT
2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt
POTASSIUM SORBATE (MART.)
POTASSIUM SORBATE [MART.]
C6-H8-O2.K
POTASSIUM SORBATE (USP-RS)
POTASSIUM SORBATE [USP-RS]
POTASSIUM SORBATE (EP IMPURITY)
POTASSIUM SORBATE [EP IMPURITY]
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E')-, potassium salt; 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt
POTASSIUM SORBATE (EP MONOGRAPH)
POTASSIUM SORBATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Sorbic acid (potassium)
potassium hexa-2,4-dienoate
C6H7O2.K
?Potassium sorbate
Sorbate, Potassium
MFCD00016546
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1)
Potassium sorbate (E,E)
SCHEMBL3640
DTXCID207835
2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium
POTASSIUM SORBATE [FCC]
CHEMBL2106930
POTASSIUM SORBATE [FHFI]
POTASSIUM SORBATE [INCI]
HY-N0626A
POTASSIUM SORBATE [VANDF]
trans-trans-Sorbic acid potassium
CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-STWYSWDKSA-M
POTASSIUM SORBATE [WHO-DD]
Tox21_202757
AKOS015915488
LS-2488
SORBIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT [MI]
NCGC00260304-01
CAS-24634-61-5
LS-145674
CS-0102519
P1954
S0057
D02411
A817411
Q410744
J-015607
J-524028
trans-trans-Sorbic acid potassium 100 microg/mL in Water
POTASSIUM SORBATE (E202)

Potassium sorbate, with the E number E202, is the potassium salt of sorbic acid.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is a chemical compound commonly used as a food preservative to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and some bacteria in various food and beverage products.
The molecular formula of potassium sorbate is C6H7KO2.

CAS Number: 590-00-1
EC Number: 246-376-1
Chemical Formula: C6H7KO2
E Number: E202



APPLICATIONS


Potassium sorbate, known as E202, is extensively used as a food preservative in the food and beverage industry.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is a common ingredient in the preservation of dairy products, including cheeses and yogurt, preventing the growth of molds and yeasts.
In the baking industry, Potassium sorbate (E202) is utilized to extend the shelf life of bread, cakes, and pastries by inhibiting mold growth.

Potassium sorbate (E202) finds application in the production of fruit juices and concentrates to prevent spoilage and maintain product freshness.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is a key component in the preservation of wine, preventing fermentation and the growth of unwanted microorganisms.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is widely employed in the canning and preserving of fruits, jams, and syrups to ensure microbial stability.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is used in the manufacturing of salad dressings and sauces to prevent bacterial and fungal contamination.

Potassium sorbate (E202) plays a crucial role in the preservation of pickled vegetables and fermented products like sauerkraut.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is a common preservative in the production of condiments such as mayonnaise and mustard.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is utilized in the preservation of processed meats, preventing the growth of bacteria and molds.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is an important ingredient in the preservation of cosmetics and personal care products.
In skincare formulations, Potassium sorbate (E202) helps prevent the growth of bacteria and molds, extending the product's shelf life.

Hair care products, including shampoos and conditioners, may contain potassium sorbate to ensure microbiological stability.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is found in pharmaceutical formulations to prevent microbial contamination in certain medications.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is utilized in the production of dietary supplements to maintain their microbial quality.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is commonly used in the preservation of herbal extracts and botanical formulations in the natural products industry.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is employed in the production of liquid soaps and detergents to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is a preferred preservative in the production of organic and natural food products due to its natural origin.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is applied in the preservation of salad greens and fresh-cut fruits to maintain their quality.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is found in marinades and sauces to prevent spoilage and enhance the shelf life of products.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is used in the preservation of ready-to-eat meals to ensure their safety and quality.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is employed in the production of confectionery items, such as candies and syrups, to prevent microbial growth.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is utilized in the brewing industry to stabilize beer and prevent unwanted fermentation.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is an essential preservative in the production of cosmetic creams, lotions, and emulsions.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is a versatile and widely accepted preservative, contributing to the longevity and safety of various consumer products.

In the production of carbonated beverages, potassium sorbate is employed to inhibit the growth of yeast and molds that could spoil the drink.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is used in the brewing industry to preserve the quality of ciders and wines, preventing secondary fermentation.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is found in salad kits and pre-packaged salads to maintain the freshness of greens and vegetables.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is applied in the preservation of fruit-flavored gelatin desserts, ensuring their microbiological stability.
Potassium sorbate (E202) plays a role in the preservation of refrigerated dough products, such as cookie and pastry dough.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is utilized in the preservation of refrigerated and ready-to-eat pasta dishes, preventing microbial spoilage.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is used in the production of flavored syrups and concentrates for beverages like flavored water and iced tea.
In the cosmetic industry, it is a common ingredient in the formulation of facial cleansers to prevent bacterial contamination.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is added to liquid foundations and concealers in the cosmetic sector to extend their shelf life.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is found in antiperspirants and deodorants, contributing to the preservation of these personal care products.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is used in the preservation of natural and organic skincare products, including moisturizers and serums.
In the pharmaceutical sector, potassium sorbate is incorporated into oral suspensions and liquid medications to prevent microbial growth.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is a vital ingredient in the production of liquid dietary supplements, ensuring their safety for consumption.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is utilized in the preservation of flavored and fortified water beverages.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is applied in the preservation of frozen desserts, including ice creams and sorbets, to prevent mold growth.
In the pet food industry, potassium sorbate is used to maintain the microbiological quality of wet pet food products.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is found in the preservation of refrigerated dips and spreads, such as hummus and guacamole.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is used in the production of fruit-based baby foods to ensure their safety and longevity.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is applied in the preservation of fresh and refrigerated salsas and pico de gallo.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is utilized in the production of non-dairy creamers to prevent spoilage and maintain product quality.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is found in flavored and sweetened nut butter products to extend their shelf life.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is used in the preservation of vegetable-based spreads, such as sun-dried tomato or olive tapenade.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is applied in the production of fruit and vegetable juices, ensuring their microbial stability.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is used in the preservation of pre-packaged smoothie mixes to maintain the quality of blended fruits.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is found in the formulation of liquid soap and body wash products to prevent the growth of bacteria and molds.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is commonly utilized in the preservation of mayonnaise and salad dressings to prevent microbial spoilage.
In the confectionery industry, it is found in the production of candies and fruit-flavored gummies to ensure a longer shelf life.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is employed in the preservation of refrigerated and frozen seafood products, including sushi rolls and smoked salmon.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is used in the production of fermented foods like pickles and kimchi to inhibit the growth of unwanted microorganisms.

Potassium sorbate (E202) finds application in the preservation of prepared deli salads, such as coleslaw and potato salad.
In the manufacturing of plant-based protein products, it is used to extend the shelf life of items like vegan burgers and sausages.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is added to fruit pies and pastry fillings to prevent mold growth and maintain product quality.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is used in the preservation of fruit-filled pastries and turnovers to ensure microbiological stability.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is applied in the production of flavored yogurt and yogurt drinks to prevent the growth of undesirable microorganisms.
In the brewing of non-alcoholic beverages like kombucha, potassium sorbate helps control fermentation and maintain product consistency.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is found in the preservation of flavored gelato and sorbet to extend the shelf life of frozen desserts.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is utilized in the production of fruit-based toppings and syrups for pancakes and waffles.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is employed in the preservation of pre-packaged and refrigerated hummus and other bean dips.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is added to energy drinks and functional beverages to ensure their microbiological stability during storage.
Potassium sorbate (E202) finds application in the preservation of flavored protein drinks and shakes.

Potassium sorbate is used in the production of flavored milk and dairy alternatives to prevent spoilage.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is applied in the preservation of vegetable-based soups and broths to maintain their freshness.
In the bakery industry, Potassium sorbate (E202) is utilized in the preservation of fruit-filled pastries and turnovers.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is added to pre-packaged sandwich wraps and sandwiches to prevent mold growth.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is used in the preservation of frozen pastry dough products to maintain product quality.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is found in the formulation of flavored water enhancers to prevent microbial contamination.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is employed in the preservation of pre-packaged, refrigerated guacamole to prevent browning and spoilage.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is utilized in the production of flavored water ice products, ensuring their microbiological stability.
In the ready-to-eat meal sector, it is found in the preservation of refrigerated pasta dishes and casseroles.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is used in the production of pre-packaged fruit salads and fruit cups to prevent microbial spoilage.



DESCRIPTION


Potassium sorbate, with the E number E202, is the potassium salt of sorbic acid.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is a chemical compound commonly used as a food preservative to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and some bacteria in various food and beverage products.
The molecular formula of potassium sorbate is C6H7KO2.

Potassium sorbate, identified by the E number E202, is a food preservative widely used in the food and beverage industry.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring organic acid.
As a white crystalline powder or granules, potassium sorbate is soluble in water, allowing for easy incorporation into various formulations.
The primary function of E202 is to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and certain bacteria, extending the shelf life of food products.

Its preservative action is achieved by disrupting the enzymatic activity of microorganisms, preventing their reproduction.
Potassium sorbate (E202) has an odorless and tasteless profile at low concentrations, ensuring minimal impact on the sensory attributes of food.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is often employed in the preservation of a diverse range of food items, including cheese, wine, baked goods, and dried fruits.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is stable under normal storage conditions, ensuring consistent preservative efficacy over time.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is approved for use as a food additive by regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
Potassium sorbate (E202) is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used within specified limits.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is effective over a broad pH range, making it suitable for acidic and neutral food products.
Its synergistic effect with other preservatives is often utilized to enhance overall antimicrobial activity.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is a key ingredient in the prevention of spoilage in dairy products like yogurt and cheese.

In the baking industry, it is incorporated into bread and pastry formulations to inhibit the growth of molds and extend product freshness.
Potassium sorbate (E202) is commonly used in the production of fruit juices and beverages to maintain their microbiological stability.

Cosmetic and personal care products also utilize potassium sorbate for its antimicrobial properties, ensuring product safety.
Derived from sorbic acid, which occurs naturally in certain berries, potassium sorbate aligns with a preference for natural preservatives.
When applied to the skin, potassium sorbate is known for its mild and non-irritating characteristics.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Potassium sorbate (E202) finds use in certain formulations to prevent microbial contamination.

Potassium sorbate (E202) is considered an environmentally friendly preservative due to its natural origins and biodegradability.
Its non-toxic nature makes it a preferred choice for preserving a wide array of food products consumed globally.
Potassium sorbate (E202) has gained popularity in the organic and natural food sectors as a safe preservative option.

When listed on ingredient labels, it is identified as either "potassium sorbate" or by its E number, E202.
Potassium sorbate (E202) serves as a reliable tool for maintaining the quality and safety of perishable food items.
With its broad applicability and proven efficacy, potassium sorbate plays a crucial role in ensuring food and cosmetic product longevity.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C6H7KO2
Molecular Weight: Approximately 150.22 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline powder or granules
Solubility: Soluble in water
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting
Taste and Odor: Odorless and tasteless at low concentrations
pH Stability: Effective over a broad pH range, suitable for both acidic and neutral products.
Preservative Action: Inhibits the growth of mold, yeast, and certain bacteria, extending the shelf life of products.
Mode of Action: Disrupts the enzymatic activity of microorganisms, preventing reproduction.
Compatibility: Often used synergistically with other preservatives for enhanced efficacy.
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions.
Biodegradability: Considered biodegradable, contributing to its eco-friendly profile.
Natural Origin: Sorbic acid, the precursor, is found naturally in some berries.
Toxicity: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used within recommended limits.
Regulatory Approval: Approved as a food additive by various food safety authorities, including the FDA and EFSA.
Non-Irritating: When applied to the skin, it is known for its mild and non-irritating characteristics.
Cosmetic Use: Commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for preservation.
Environmental Impact: Considered environmentally friendly due to its natural origin and biodegradability.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled in powder form or concentrated dust, remove the person to fresh air.
Seek medical attention if respiratory irritation persists.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, wash the affected area with plenty of water.
If irritation persists, seek medical advice.
Remove contaminated clothing.


Eye Contact:

In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, lifting the upper and lower eyelids occasionally.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation persists.


Ingestion:

If swallowed accidentally, rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek medical attention.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear suitable protective clothing, including gloves and safety glasses, when handling concentrated forms of potassium sorbate.
Use appropriate respiratory protection if there is a risk of inhalation exposure.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling the substance.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the material.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to minimize inhalation exposure.
Use local exhaust ventilation or respiratory protection as needed.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid direct skin contact with concentrated forms of potassium sorbate.
Prevent eye contact; use safety glasses or goggles when there is a risk of splashing.

Incompatibilities:
Avoid contact with strong acids, alkalis, and incompatible materials.
Store away from materials that may react with potassium sorbate.

Spill and Leak Response:
Clean up spills promptly using appropriate methods (sweeping, vacuuming).
Wear PPE during cleanup.
Dispose of waste material according to local regulations.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store potassium sorbate in a cool, dry place.
Keep containers tightly closed to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.

Temperature Control:
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, as it may affect the stability of the substance.

Storage Compatibility:
Store away from incompatible materials, including strong acids and alkalis.

Container Material:
Use containers made of materials compatible with potassium sorbate, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass.

Handling of Bulk Quantities:
Use appropriate equipment for handling bulk quantities, such as mechanical conveyors or pumps.

Labeling and Documentation:
Ensure containers are properly labeled with product information and hazard symbols.
Keep relevant documentation, including safety data sheets (SDS), readily available.



SYNONYMS


Sorbic acid potassium salt
Sorbistat potassium
2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1)
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, monopotassium salt
Monopotassium sorbate
Kalii sorbas
Nipasol K
E202 (European food additive number)
Sorbistat-K
E 202
Sorbistat potassium
2,4-Dienoic acid potassium salt
Sorbistat-K potassium salt
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt
2,4-Dienoic acid, monopotassium salt
Monopotassium 2,4-hexadienoate
Sorbistin
Monopotassium salt of sorbic acid
Sorbistat-K potassium salt
Potassium 2,4-hexadienoate
Monopotassium hexa-2,4-dienoate
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, monopotassium salt
Kaliumsorbat (German)
Kaliumsorbate (German)
Nipasol K
Potassium salt of sorbic acid
Euxyl K 400
E 202 (European food additive number)
Kaliumsorbaat (Finnish)
Potassium salt of 2,4-hexadienoic acid
Sorbic acid potassium salt
Sorbistin-K
Nipasol potassium
Euxyl K 400
Kaliumsorbaat (Dutch)
Sorbistat-K potassium salt
E 202 (European food additive number)
Potassium 2,4-hexadienoate
Sorbistin-K
Monopotassium hexa-2,4-dienoate
Nipagin K
Monopotassium salt of sorbic acid
Potassium hexa-2,4-dienoate
Kaliumsorbate (Swedish)
Monopotassium sorbate
Nipasol potassium
Nipasol K
Sorbistat potassium
Kaliumsorbat (German)
Nipasol K (Potassium Sorbate)
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, monopotassium salt
Sorbistin
Monopotassium 2,4-hexadienoate
Sorbic acid potassium salt
2,4-Dienoic acid, monopotassium salt
Sorbistat-K potassium salt
Potassium salt of sorbic acid
Kaliumsorbate (Finnish)
POTASSIUM SORBATE E202
Potassium sorbate E202 is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, chemical formula CH3CH=CH−CH=CH−CO2K.
Potassium sorbate E202 is a white salt that is very soluble in water (58.2% at 20 °C).
Potassium sorbate E202 is primarily used as a food preservative (E number 202).

CAS: 24634-61-5
MF: C6H7KO2
MW: 150.22
EINECS: 246-376-1

Synonyms
SORBIC ACID K SALT;potassiumsalt,(e,e)-4-hexadienoicacid;potassiumsalt,(e,e)-sorbicaci;potassiumsorbate(e);(E,E)-hexadienoic acid, potassium salt;2,4-potassium hexadienoic acid;potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate;POTASSIUM SORBATE, GRAN FCC/ USP/NF;POTASSIUM SORBATE;24634-61-5;Sorbistat potassium;590-00-1;Sorbic acid potassium salt;Sorbistat-K;Potassium (E,E)-sorbate;potassium (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate;Potassium 2,4-hexadienoate;Sorbic acid, potassium salt;BB Powder;Sorbistat-potassium;FEMA No. 2921;Sorbistat k;Potassium sorbate (E);Caswell No. 701C;Potassium (E,E)-2,4-hexadienoate;Potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate;CCRIS1894;HSDB 1230;Ins no.202;Potassium (e,e')-sorbate;UNII-1VPU26JZZ4;EINECS 246-376-1;Ins-202;1VPU26JZZ4;2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt;potassium hexa-2,4-dienoate;Potassium sorbate (e 202);EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 075902;Potassium 2,4-hexadienoate, (E,E)-;2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, (2E,4E)-;CHEBI:77868;AI3-26043;E 202
;Potassium sorbate [NF];2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, (E,E)-;Sorbic acid, potassium salt, (E,E)-;potassium;(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate;potassium trans,trans-sorbate;DTXSID7027835;E-202;2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt, (E,E)-;2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)-, potassium salt;EC 246-376-1;MFCD00016546;potassium trans,trans-2,4-hexadienoate;Potassium sorbate (NF);POTASSIUM SORBATE (II);POTASSIUM SORBATE [II];2,4-HEXADIENOIC ACID, (E,E')-, POTASSIUM SALT;2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt;POTASSIUM SORBATE (MART.);POTASSIUM SORBATE [MART.];POTASSIUM SORBATE (USP-RS);POTASSIUM SORBATE [USP-RS];Potassium Sorbate [USAN];POTASSIUM SORBATE (EP IMPURITY);POTASSIUM SORBATE [EP IMPURITY];POTASSIUM SORBATE (EP MONOGRAPH);POTASSIUM SORBATE [EP MONOGRAPH];2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)-;Sorbic acid (potassium);trans-trans-Sorbic acid potassium
;Potassium sorbate;Sorbate, Potassium;2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1);Potassium (E,E')-sorbate; Potassium sorbate;SCHEMBL3640;DTXCID207835;POTASSIUM SORBATE [FCC];CHEMBL2106930;POTASSIUM SORBATE [FHFI];POTASSIUM SORBATE [INCI];HY-N0626A;POTASSIUM SORBATE [VANDF];POTASSIUM SORBATE [WHO-DD];Tox21_202757;AKOS015915488;2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E')-, potassium salt; 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt;SORBIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT [MI];NCGC00260304-01;CAS-24634-61-5;CS-0102519;NS00094865;P1954;S0057;D02411;G73516;A817411;Q410744;J-015607;J-524028;trans-trans-Sorbic acid potassium 100 microg/mL in Water

A Potassium sorbate E202 having sorbate as the counterion.
Potassium sorbate E202 is effective in a variety of applications including food, wine, and personal-care products.
While sorbic acid occurs naturally in rowan and hippophae berries, virtually all of the world's supply of sorbic acid, from which potassium sorbate is derived, is manufactured synthetically.
Potassium sorbate E202 is petitioned for use in organic livestock production as mold inhibitor. Potassium sorbate E202 was first discovered in the Mountain Ash Tree (Sorbus aucuparia or Sorbus americana).
Today most Potassium sorbate E202 is made synthetically.
Potassium sorbate is a naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acid and is completely safe with regard to health and has the lowest allergenic potential of all food preservatives.
Potassium sorbate E202 was also petitioned for use in liquid livestock medications primarily aloe vera juice as a substitute for antibiotics and other various hormones.

The use of chemical food preservatives, except for salts, sugars, spices, vinegar, etc., was not very widespread until the last 200 years.
Progress in the development of food preservatives has not been steady.
With a view to developing more effective, simpler, and less expensive means of food preservation, many chemicals having strong antimicrobial properties were initially utilized for food preservation but were subsequently abandoned when their undesirable physiological and biochemical properties were discovered.
For example, boric acid, salicyclic acid, creosote, and formaldehyde, which were utilized as preservatives in foods during the 19th century, are no longer used.
On the other hand, Potassium sorbate E202, benzoic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid esters, and sulfur dioxide have proved very useful in various food preservation applications and their use has been officially permitted in almost all countries of the world.

Potassium sorbate E202 is a white crystalline powder.
Potassium sorbate E202 is a potassium salt of sorbic acid.
Potassium sorbate E202 was originally discovered in the 1850’s, and was derived from the Mountain Ash Tree.
Today, Potassium sorbate E202 is synthetically created.
Potassium sorbate E202 is a good food preservatives, fully degradable, similar to fatty acids found naturally in foods.
Potassium sorbate E202 is used to slow the growth of molds and yeasts in foods.
Potassium sorbate E202 is commonly found in margarine, wines, cheeses, yogurts, soft drinks, and baked goods.
Potassium sorbate E202 has been used has a food preservative for many years.
There have been extensive long-term tests that have confirmed its safety and Potassium sorbate E202 is on the Center for Science in the Public Interest list of safe additives.

Sorbates have been reported to be less toxic than benzoate and have been classified as “Generally Recognized as Safe” (GRAS) additives by the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Potassium sorbate E202 is metabolised to mainly to carbon dioxide.
While the minor amounts are converted to trans,trans-muconic acid (ttMA), which is excreted unchanged into the urine.
Urinary ttMA is a biomarker for the occupational and environmental exposure to benzene.
Ability of trans,trans-2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt (Sorbic acid potassium salt, Potassium sorbate E202) to induce chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and gene mutations in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells has been examined.
Potassium sorbate E202 is reported to be less genotoxic than the sodium salt analog.

Potassium sorbate E202 Chemical Properties
Melting point: 270 °C
Density: 1,361 g/cm3
Vapor pressure: FEMA: 2921 | POTASSIUM SORBATE
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless to faintly yellow
Form: Powder
pka: 4.69[at 20 ℃]
Color: White to light cream
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 8 - 11 at 580 g/l at 20 °C
PH: 7.8 (H2O, 20.1℃)
Water Solubility: 58.2 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,7671
BRN: 5357554
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-STWYSWDKSA-M
LogP: -1.72 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 24634-61-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Potassium sorbate E202 (24634-61-5)

Chemically, Potassium sorbate E202 is a straight chain, alpha beta-unsaturated, trans-trans 2,4 hexadienoic monocarboxylic acid (CH3-CH = CH-CH = CH-COOH).
Potassium sorbate E202 has a molecular weight of 112 and a pKa value of 4.75.
At room temperature Potassium sorbate E202 is a white crystalline solid with a melting point range of 132°-137°C.
Potassium sorbate E202's solubility in water at 25°C is 0.16% while that of its potassium salt is over 50%.
This higher solubility renders potassium sorbate a preferred form of sorbic acid in foods.
In oils, however, sorbic acid is more soluble than the potassium salt.
Potassium sorbate E202 was first isolated from oil of unripened rown berries (sorbapple or mountain ash berry) by A. W. Hoffmann in 1859.
Potassium sorbate E202 was named after the scientific name of mountain ash {Sorbus aucuparia}, which is the parent plant of rown berry.

The chemical structure of Potassium sorbate E202 was elucidated during 1870-1890 and it was synthesized in 1900 by Doebner by condensation of crotonalhyde and malonic acid.
Potassium sorbate E202 is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, chemical formula C6H7KO2.
Potassium sorbate E202's primary use is as a food preservative (E number 202).
Potassium sorbate E202 is effective in a variety of applications including food, wine, and personal care products.
Commercial sources are now produced by the condensation of crotonaldehyde and ketene (Ashford, 1994).
Potassium sorbate E202 is produced by neutralizing potassium hydroxide with sorbic acid, an unsaturated carboxylic acid that occurs naturally in some berries.
The colourless salt is very soluble in water (58.2% at 20°C).

Uses
Potassium sorbate E202 and its potassium salt is commonly employed as food preservative in wide range of foodstuffs, such as cheese, pickles, sauces and wines.
Potassium sorbate E202 is a food grade preservative generally regarded as safe (GRAS) worldwide.
Potassium sorbate E202 is the inactive salt of sorbic acid.
Potassium sorbate E202 readily dissolves in water where it converts to sorbic acid, its active form, at a low pH.
Potassium sorbate E202 is very pH dependent.
While Potassium sorbate E202 shows some activity up to pH 6 (about 6%), it is most active at pH 4.4 (70%).
At pH 5.0 Potassium sorbate E202 is 37% active.
As sorbic acid, Potassium sorbate E202 is considered to be active against mold, fair against yeast and poor against most bacteria.
Potassium sorbate E202 is an unsaturated fatty acid and as such is subject to oxidation (use of an antioxidant like Mixed Tocopherols T50 is recommended).
Potassium sorbate E202 is also sensitive to UV light and may turn yellow in solution.
Gluconolactone is reported to stabilize potassium sorbate against discoloration and darkening in aqueous solutions and may be useful in stabilizing sorbic acid in the water phase of a product.

As mold and yeast inhibitor, like sorbic acid, especially where greater soly in water is desirable.
Potassium sorbate E202 is used to inhibit molds and yeasts in many foods, such as cheese, wine, yogurt, dried meats, apple cider, soft drinks and fruit drinks, and baked goods.
Potassium sorbate E202 can also be found in the ingredients list of many dried fruit products.
In addition, herbal dietary supplement products generally contain potassium sorbate, which acts to prevent mold and microbes and to increase shelf life, and is used in quantities at which there are no known adverse health effects, over short periods of time.
Labeling of this preservative on ingredient statements reads as "potassium sorbate" and or "E202".

Also, Potassium sorbate E202 is used in many personal care products to inhibit the development of microorganisms for shelf stability.
Some manufacturers are using this preservative as a replacement for parabens.
Also known as "wine stabilizer", Potassium sorbate E202 produces sorbic acid when added to wine.
Potassium sorbate E202 serves two purposes.
When active fermentation has ceased and the wine is racked for the final time after clearing, Potassium sorbate E202 will render any surviving yeast incapable of multiplying.
Yeast living at that moment can continue fermenting any residual sugar into CO2 and alcohol, but when they die no new yeast will be present to cause future fermentation.
Potassium sorbate E202 is a naturally occurring polyunsaturated fat that has antimicrobial properties. That means that Potassium sorbate E202 helps to prevent the growth of molds, yeasts, and fungus.
Potassium sorbate E202 is found in many food products, especially those which are meant to be stored and eaten at room temperature.

This helps to ward off particles such as mold or fungus that can cause foods to spoil or make people sick.
Baked goods, processed fruits and vegetables or dairy products frequently contain Potassium sorbate E202.
When brewing wine, yeast is used to convert sugar to alcohol.
This process is called fermentation.
When the wine reaches the desired flavour and body, you want to stop the yeast from growing.
Potassium sorbate E202 is added to inhibit yeast growth.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Potassium sorbate E202 is an antimicrobial preservative, with antibacterial and antifungal properties used in pharmaceuticals, foods, enteral preparations, and cosmetics.
Generally, Potassium sorbate E202 is used at concentrations of 0.1–0.2% in oral and topical formulations, especially those containing nonionic surfactants.
Potassium sorbate E202 has been used to enhance the ocular bioavailability of timolol.
Potassium sorbate E202 is used in approximately twice as many pharmaceutical formulations as is sorbic acid owing to its greater solubility and stability in water.
Like sorbic acid, Potassium sorbate E202 has minimal antibacterial properties in formulations above pH 6.

Antimicrobial effect
Antimicrobial properties of sorbic acid were discovered independently in 1939 and 1940 by Muller and Gooding in Germany and the USA, respectively.
After this discovery, sorbic acid and its salts were tested and used in a variety of consumer products for inhibition of yeast and molds and certain bacteria.
But its use as a food preservative had to wait until 1950 when commercial production commenced. Initially sorbates were known to be effective inhibitors of yeast and molds, and less so of bacteria.
In 1974 Tompkin et al. reported that addition of 0.1 % potassium sorbate to uncured sausages delayed the growth of Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus as well as growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum.
Following these findings, extensive studies were undertaken on the potential use of sorbic acid or its salts as antibotulinal agents and preservatives in various types of meats and meat products.

Potassium sorbate E202's were tested in combination with low levels of sodium nitrite for the preservation of cured meats and the reduction of potentially carcinogenic nitrosamine in products such as bacon.
Most recently sorbic acid has played a very important role in the development of intermediate-moisture foods.
The water activity of these foods is low enough to control the growth of bacteria but not growth of yeast and molds; therefore, sorbic acid is used as a very effective antimycotic agent in these products.
Sorbic acid and its salts are also being used as one of the various "hurdles" employed to control microbial growth in intermediate moisture foods.
Unfortunately, grain and feed provides an ideal environment for molds to proliferate.
Raw materials or feeds in bulk storage are rich sources of energy, proteins and moisture and, thus, are highly conducive to mold growth.

Potassium sorbate E202 is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, and is much more soluble in water than the acid.
Potassium sorbate E202 will produce sorbic acid once it is dissolved in water and is the most widely used food preservative in the world.
Potassium sorbate E202 is effective up to pH 6.5 but effectiveness increases as the pH decreases.
Potassium sorbate E202 has about 74% of the antimicrobial activity of the sorbic acid, thus requiring higher concentrations to obtain the same results that pure sorbic acid provides.
Potassium sorbate E202 is effective against yeasts, molds, and select bacteria, and is widely used at 0.025 to 0.10 % levels in cheeses, dips, yogurt, sour cream, bread, cakes, pies and fillings, baking mixes, doughs, icings, fudges, toppings, beverages, margarine, salads, fermented and acidified vegetables, olives, fruit products, dressings, smoked and salted fish, confections and mayonnaise.
Maximum level allowable by law is 0.1%.
Potassium sorbate E202 is important to know that the addition of sodium benzoate and/or Potassium sorbate E202 to a food product will raise the pH by approximately 0.1 to 0.5 pH units depending on the amount, pH, and type of product.
Additional adjustment of the pH might be needed to keep the pH at a safe level.

Production Methods
Potassium sorbate E202 is produced by reacting sorbic acid with an equimolar portion of potassium hydroxide.
The resulting Potassium sorbate E202 may be crystallized from aqueous ethanol.
Most of the sorbic acid is generally prepared by a process comprising the steps of reacting crotonaldehyde with ketene in the presence of a catalyst (e.g., a fatty acid salt of zinc) to yield a polyester, and hydrolyzing the polyester with an acid or an alkali, or decomposing the polyester in a hot water.

Production
Potassium sorbate E202 is produced industrially by neutralizing sorbic acid with potassium hydroxide.
The precursor Potassium sorbate E202 is produced in a two-step process via the condensation of crotonaldehyde and ketene.

Preparation
Potassium sorbate E202 is prepared by reacting potassium hydroxide with sorbic acid, followed by evaporation and crystallization:CH3CH=CHCH=CHCOOH + KOH →CH3CH=CHCH=CHCOOK + H2O.

Toxicology
Potassium sorbate E202 is a skin, eye and respiratory irritant.
Although some research implies Potassium sorbate E202 has a long term safety record, in vitro studies have shown that Potassium sorbate E202 is both genotoxic and mutagenic to human blood cells.
Potassium sorbate E202 is found to be toxic to human DNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes (type of white blood cells), and hence found that it negatively affects immunity.
Potassium sorbate E202 is often used with ascorbic acid and iron salts as they increase its effectiveness but this tends to form mutagenic compounds that damage DNA molecules.
Potassium sorbate E202 exhibits low toxicity with LD50 (rat, oral) of 4.92 g / kg, similar to that of table salt.
Typical usage rates of Potassium sorbate E202 are 0.025 % to 0.1 % (see sorbic acid), which in a 100 g serving yields intake of 25 mg to 100 mg.
Acceptable daily intakes for human is 12.5 mg / kg, or 875 mg daily for an average adult (70 kg), according to FAO/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives.
POTASSIUM SORBATE FOOD GRADE
Potassium Sorbate food grade refers to a high-quality, food-safe form of potassium sorbate, which is a chemical compound widely used as a food preservative.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is the potassium salt of sorbic acid and is commonly used to inhibit the growth of molds, yeasts, and fungi in various food products.
Potassium sorbate food grade is typically manufactured to meet strict quality and safety standards set by regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

CAS Number: 590-00-1
Molecular Formula: C6H7KO2
Molecular Weight: 150.22
EINECS Number: 611-771-3

POTASSIUM SORBATE, 24634-61-5, Sorbistat potassium, 590-00-1, Sorbistat-K, Potassium (E,E)-sorbate, Sorbic acid potassium salt, potassium (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate, Potassium 2,4-hexadienoate, Sorbic acid, potassium salt, BB Powder, Sorbistat-potassium, FEMA No. 2921, Sorbistat k, Potassium sorbate (E), Caswell No. 701C, Potassium (E,E)-2,4-hexadienoate, Potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate, CCRIS 1894, HSDB 1230, Ins no.202, Potassium (e,e')-sorbate, UNII-1VPU26JZZ4, EINECS 246-376-1, Ins-202, 1VPU26JZZ4, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, potassium hexa-2,4-dienoate, Potassium sorbate (e 202), EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 075902, Potassium 2,4-hexadienoate, (E,E)-, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, (2E,4E)-, CHEBI:77868, AI3-26043, E 202, Potassium sorbate [NF], 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, (E,E)-, Sorbic acid, potassium salt, (E,E)-, potassium;(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate, potassium trans,trans-sorbate, DTXSID7027835, E-202, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt, (E,E)-, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)-, potassium salt, EC 246-376-1, MFCD00016546, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)-, potassium trans,trans-2,4-hexadienoate, Potassium sorbate (NF), POTASSIUM SORBATE (II), POTASSIUM SORBATE [II], 2,4-HEXADIENOIC ACID, (E,E')-, POTASSIUM SALT, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt, POTASSIUM SORBATE (MART.), POTASSIUM SORBATE [MART.], POTASSIUM SORBATE (USP-RS), POTASSIUM SORBATE [USP-RS], Potassium Sorbate [USAN], POTASSIUM SORBATE (EP IMPURITY), POTASSIUM SORBATE [EP IMPURITY], POTASSIUM SORBATE (EP MONOGRAPH), POTASSIUM SORBATE [EP MONOGRAPH], Sorbic acid (potassium), trans-trans-Sorbic acid potassium, ?Potassium sorbate, Sorbate, Potassium, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), Potassium (E,E')-sorbate; Potassium sorbate, SCHEMBL3640, DTXCID207835, POTASSIUM SORBATE [FCC], CHEMBL2106930, POTASSIUM SORBATE [FHFI], POTASSIUM SORBATE [INCI], HY-N0626A, POTASSIUM SORBATE [VANDF], POTASSIUM SORBATE [WHO-DD], Tox21_202757, AKOS015915488, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E')-, potassium salt; 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, SORBIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT [MI], NCGC00260304-01, CAS-24634-61-5, CS-0102519, NS00094865, P1954, S0057, D02411, G73516, A817411, Q410744, J-015607, J-524028, trans-trans-Sorbic acid potassium 100 microg/mL in Water

Potassium Sorbate food grade must comply with specifications regarding purity, composition, and absence of contaminants to ensure its suitability for use in food applications.
Potassium Sorbate food grade occurs as white to off white crystals, crystalline powder, or pellets.
Potassium Sorbate food grade decomposes at about 270°.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is mainly used as preservatives in Food. Potassium Sorbate can restrain effectively the activity of mould, yeast and aerophile bacteria.
Restrain growth and reproduction of the pernicious micro oraganism as pseudomonas, staphylococcus salmonella action to restrain growth is more powerful than killing.
Potassium Sorbate food grade occurs as white to light yellow brown flaky crystals, crystalline powder or granules.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is odorless or has a slight odor.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, chemical formula CH3CH=CH−CH=CH−CO2K.
It is a white salt that is very soluble in water (58.2% at 20 °C).

Potassium Sorbate food grade is primarily used as a food preservative (E number 202).
Potassium Sorbate food grade is effective in a variety of applications including food, wine, and personal-care products.
While sorbic acid occurs naturally in rowan and hippophae berries, virtually all of the world's supply of sorbic acid, from which potassium sorbate is derived, is manufactured synthetically.

Potassium Sorbate food grade appears as white to pale yellow flaky crystals and crystalline powder or granular.
It is odorless or slightly smelly.
Long-term storage in the air is easy to absorb moisture and oxidative decomposition as well as coloring. Relative density (d2025): 1.363.

Potassium Sorbate food grade can be dissolved in propylene glycol (5.8 g/100 ml), ethanol (0.3 g/100 ml) with the pH value of the 1% aqueous solution being 7 to 8.
Potassium Sorbate food grade has a strong effect on inhibiting spoilage and mold, and because of its lower toxicity than other preservatives, it has become the world's most important preservatives.
In acidic conditions, it can give full effect of anti-corrosion while the effect is the lowest in neutral condition.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is produced industrially by neutralizing sorbic acid with potassium hydroxide.
The precursor sorbic acid is produced in a two-step process via the condensation of crotonaldehyde and ketene.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is commonly used in the preservation of fresh fruits and vegetables.

Potassium Sorbate food grade helps to prevent the growth of mold and yeast on the surface of produce, thereby extending its shelf life and maintaining quality during storage and transportation.
In food service establishments such as salad bars and deli counters, Potassium Sorbate food grade may be used to prevent spoilage of prepared salads, sliced fruits, and other perishable items that are exposed to air and moisture.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is sometimes used by home cooks and food preservers to extend the shelf life of homemade jams, jellies, syrups, and other fruit-based products.

Potassium Sorbate food grade can be added during the cooking or bottling process to inhibit the growth of mold and yeast.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory authorities such as the FDA and EFSA when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices (GMP) and within specified limits.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is approved for use in various food categories, including baked goods, dairy products, beverages, and condiments.

Potassium Sorbate food grade may also be used in the treatment of packaging materials, such as plastic films and coatings, to prevent microbial contamination and extend the shelf life of packaged foods.
In some cases, Potassium Sorbate food grade may be used in combination with other preservatives or antimicrobial agents to enhance its effectiveness and provide broader protection against spoilage microorganisms.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is generally considered safe for consumption, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to it.

Food manufacturers are required to label products containing potassium sorbate to inform consumers and facilitate informed choices.
Potassium Sorbate food grade was first discovered by the French in the 1850s, having been derived from the mountain ash tree.
It is widely used in the food industry and few substances have had the kind of extensive, rigorous, long-term testing that sorbic acid and its salts have had.

Potassium Sorbate food grade decomposes at about 270°C. For a detailed description of this compound, refer to Burdock (1997).
Potassium Sorbate food grade is an odorless and tasteless salt synthetically produced from sorbic acid and potassium hydroxide.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is widely used as a preservative in foods, drinks, and personal care products.

It extends the shelf life of foods by stopping the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is a food preservative that can be found in cheese, wine, yogurt, dairy, meats and many other food & beverage ingredients.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is often found on the ingredients labels of products to prevent mould and and to increase shelf life.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is used in such small quantities that there are no known abnormal effects on health.
Labeling of this preservative reads "Potassium sorbate" on the ingredient label.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is used in many cosmetic products to restrain the development of microorganisms for extra shelf life.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is very popular in brewing and as a stabiliser and it produces sorbic acid when added to wines.
Potassium Sorbate food grade serves two purposes.
When active fermentation has ceased and the wine is racked for the last time, Potassium Sorbate food grade will render any surviving yeast incapable of multiplying.

Yeast living at that moment can continue fermenting any residual sugar into CO2 but when they die no new yeast will be present to cause future fermentation.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is used to inhibit molds and yeasts in many foods, such as cheese, wine, yogurt, dried meats, apple cider and baked goods.
Potassium Sorbate food grade can also be found in the ingredients list of many dried fruit products.

In addition, herbal dietary supplement products generally contain Potassium Sorbate food grade, which acts to prevent mold and microbes and to increase shelf life, and is used in quantities at which there are no known adverse health effects.
Labeling of this preservative reads as "Potassium Sorbate food grade" on the ingredient statement.
Also, it is used in many personal care products to inhibit the development of microorganisms for shelf stability.

Some manufacturers are using this preservative as a replacement for parabens.
Also known affectionately as "wine stabilizer", Potassium Sorbate food grade produces sorbic acid when added to wine.
Potassium Sorbate food grade serves two purposes.

When active fermentation has ceased and the wine is racked for the final time after clearing, potassium sorbate will render any surviving yeast incapable of multiplying.
Yeast living at that moment can continue fermenting any residual sugar into CO2 and alcohol, but when they die no new yeast will be present to cause future fermentation.
When a wine is sweetened before bottling, Potassium Sorbate food grade is used to prevent refermentation when used in conjunction with sodium metabisulfite.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is primarily used with sweet wines, sparkling wines, and some hard ciders but may be added to table wines which exhibit difficulty in maintaining clarity after fining.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is the most widely used preservative in the world.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is effective up to pH 6. 5.

The effectiveness increases as the pH decreases.
Potassium Sorbate food grade has 74% of the activity of the sorbic acid.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is very effective against yeasts, molds, and select bacteria, and is widely used at 0. 025 to 0. 10 % levels in many food and beverage products as well as personal care products like lotions and creams.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is a salt of sorbic acid naturally found in some fruits (like the berries of mountain ash).
The commercial ingredient is synthetically produced, creating what is termed a “nature identical” chemical (chemically equivalent to the molecule found in nature).
Today, this preservative can be found in wine, cheese, beer, dried meat, soft drinks, and many other food products.

This food additive is often used to improve shelf stability and prevent bacteria and mold growth.
This ingredient is so prevalent in processed food because it does not change the quality of the product and is also water-soluble.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is used as a preservative, which destroys many enzyme systems by combining with the sulfhydryl groups of microbial enzyme systems.

Its toxicity is much lower than that of other preservatives.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is mainly used as a food preservative, because it has a very strong inhibitory effect on mold and spoilage bacteria, and is easily soluble in water, so it is widely used.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is considered non-toxic and does not pose significant health risks when consumed in small quantities as a food preservative.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is metabolized by the body into harmless byproducts, primarily carbon dioxide and water.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is stable under a wide range of pH levels, making it suitable for use in acidic foods such as fruit juices, salad dressings, and pickled vegetables.
Potassium Sorbate food grade remains effective as a preservative even in environments with low pH.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is highly soluble in water, which allows for easy incorporation into food and beverage formulations.
Potassium Sorbate food grade disperses evenly throughout the product, ensuring uniform protection against microbial growth.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is particularly effective at inhibiting the growth of yeasts and molds, which are common causes of food spoilage.

By preventing the proliferation of these microorganisms, it helps to extend the shelf life of perishable food products.
When used at recommended levels, Potassium Sorbate food grade typically has minimal impact on the flavor, aroma, and overall sensory characteristics of food products.
Potassium Sorbate food grade does not impart any noticeable taste or odor, allowing the natural flavors of the food to remain unchanged.

Food manufacturers are required to accurately label products containing potassium sorbate as an ingredient.
This ensures transparency and allows consumers to make informed choices, especially those with dietary restrictions or allergies.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is widely accepted for use as a food preservative in many countries around the world.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is included in the Codex Alimentarius, an international food standards code, and is approved for use in various food categories in the United States, European Union, and other regions.
Ongoing research and development efforts continue to explore new applications and formulations of Potassium Sorbate food grade, as well as its potential synergies with other preservatives and food additives.
This helps to further enhance food safety and quality in the food industry.

Melting point: 270 °C
Density: 1.3630
FEMA: 2921 | POTASSIUM SORBATE
storage temp.: Amber Vial, -20°C Freezer
solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless to faintly yellow
form: Solid
color: White to Off-White
Odor: at 100.00?%. characteristic
Stability: Light Sensitive
LogP: 1.620

Potassium Sorbate food grade granular food grade
Potassium Sorbate food grade is a food preservative commonly used in the baking industry to prevent mold, yeast, and microbes.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is often used in cakes and icings, beverage syrups, cheese, dried fruits, margarine, pie fillings, wine, etc.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is one of the popular food additives and ingredients in most countries, As a professional Potassium Sorbate supplier and manufacturer, Foodchem International Corporation has been supplying and exporting Potassium Sorbate Granular (PSG) from China for almost 10 years, please be assured to buy Potassium Sorbate Granular (PSG) at Foodchem.
Potassium Sorbate food grade can be used to preserves all kinds of DIY cosmetic products like creams, lotions, shampoos, makeup and sunscreen products.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is the inactive salt of sorbic acid, which is activated on contact with water.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is effective against mold and yeast, but is not effective against bacteria.
Therefore is is most commonly used together with Potassium Sorbate food grade, which is effective against fungi and bacteria.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is commonly used in winemaking and brewing to stabilize beverages and prevent refermentation.
Potassium Sorbate food grade inhibits the growth of yeast and bacteria, which can cause unwanted fermentation and spoilage after bottling.
Foods and beverages preserved with potassium sorbate exhibit improved storage stability, retaining their quality and freshness for longer periods.

This is particularly beneficial for products with extended shelf lives or those susceptible to microbial spoilage during storage and distribution.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is an economically viable preservative option for food manufacturers due to its relatively low cost compared to other preservatives.
Potassium Sorbate food grade offers effective microbial control at minimal expense, contributing to the affordability of preserved food products.

In addition to food and beverage applications, Potassium Sorbate food grade is used in the cosmetics and personal care industry as a preservative in skincare products, hair care formulations, and cosmetics.
Potassium Sorbate food grade helps prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria in these products, extending their shelf life and ensuring microbiological safety.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is compatible with a wide range of food ingredients, additives, and processing conditions.

Potassium Sorbate food grade can be easily incorporated into various food formulations without adverse interactions or effects on product quality, stability, or sensory attributes.
Food products containing potassium sorbate must comply with regulatory standards and maximum permitted levels established by authorities such as the FDA, EFSA, and other national regulatory agencies.
Compliance with these regulations ensures that foods are safe for consumption and meet quality standards.

Consumers often prefer food products preserved with Potassium Sorbate food grade due to their extended shelf life, reduced risk of spoilage, and convenience.
These products offer greater flexibility in meal planning, storage, and consumption, contributing to consumer satisfaction and loyalty.
Ongoing research and development efforts in food science and technology focus on optimizing the use of potassium sorbate and improving its efficacy as a preservative.

Innovations such as encapsulation techniques, synergistic combinations with other preservatives, and natural alternatives are explored to address evolving consumer preferences and industry trends.
Educational initiatives and consumer awareness campaigns help inform the public about the role of potassium sorbate in food preservation and its safety profile.
Providing accurate information fosters trust and confidence in the use of potassium sorbate as a preservative in food and beverage products.

Efforts to promote sustainability in the food industry include evaluating the environmental impact of preservatives like Potassium Sorbate food grade.
Sustainable sourcing practices, eco-friendly packaging solutions, and waste reduction initiatives contribute to the responsible use of preservatives while minimizing their environmental footprint.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is the potassium salt of sorbate, the molecular formula is C6H7O2K, white to light yellow scaly crystals, crystal particles or crystal powder, odorless or slightly smelly, long-term exposure to the air is easy to absorb moisture, be decomposed by oxidation and discoloration.

Soluble in water, soluble in propylene glycol and ethanol.
Often used as a preservative, it destroys many enzyme systems by binding with sulfhydryl groups of microbial enzyme systems, and its toxicity is much lower than other preservatives, which is widely used.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is often called wine stabiliser by wine makers.

The Potassium Sorbate food grade renders any surviving yeast inert.
Only use after active fermentation has ceased and the clearing process is completed.
Potassium Sorbate food grade, as it is sometimes seen on ingredient labels, is a food-grade chemical often used in the beverage industry to increase shelf life.

This preservative is derived from the salts of sorbic acid mixed with potassium hydroxide, making it very water soluble with the intended purpose of killing off yeasts and reducing the risk of foodborne illnesses.
For the beverage industry, Potassium Sorbate food grade is often seen as a preservative to fight off microbial growth that occurs often in dairy and bottled products.
Another way potassium sorbate can be used in bottling is in the fermentation of wine.

Once fermentation of the wine is complete, there still remains a fair level of yeast that can further turn sugars into alcohol – however, with potassium sorbate, winemakers are able finalize fermentation while inhibiting the yeast from any renewed fermentation. This allows the wine to age without changing the flavor profile of the wine.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is most often used in the wine processing for sweet wines that need the sugars to remain in the flavor.
As a food-grade chemical, Potassium Sorbate food grade is an incredibly safe product, with little known allergic reactions and a very stable shelf life.

The preservative has no taste or affect on the flavor or smell of products it is used on.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is also one of the most common and safest food preservatives in the beverage and bottling industry for ensuring shelf life of products.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is available in a powder form and is ready for delivery to your facility.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is a food-grade preservative that has been effectively used for decades and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) to preserve food products.
Studies using dilutions similar to what’s used in body care products found it’s practically non-irritating and non-sensitizing.
Because this ingredient is gentle on the skin, it is often used as an additive and preservative.

In fact, the toxicity of potassium sorbate is pretty close to that of table salt.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is one of the best preservative used as food additive in food industry.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is regarded commonly as a non toxic,high effective preservative.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is synthesized by sorbic acid and potassium carbonate through the processes of reaction,decoloring and drying.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is the potassium salt of sorbic acid (natural fatty acid), has anti-microbial properties.
The potassium salt of sorbic acid has the chemical formula CH3CH=CHCH=CHCO2K.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is a white salt with a high water solubility (58.2% at 20 °C).
Its primary application is as a food preservative (E number 202).
Potassium Sorbate food grade has several uses, including food, wine, and personal care items.

While sorbic acid occurs naturally in rowan berries, almost all of the world's supply of sorbic acid, from which potassium sorbate is generated, is synthesised.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is also called 'Wine Stabilizer' and used to prevent wine from losing its flavor and preventing re-fermentation.
Potassium Sorbate food grade inhibits the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, molds, and yeasts.

This property helps maintain the microbiological stability of food products, preventing spoilage and ensuring their safety for consumption.
Potassium Sorbate food grade exhibits strong antifungal properties, making it particularly effective in controlling mold growth in food products.
By preventing mold proliferation, it extends the shelf life of foods such as cheese, bread, and fruit-based products.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is approved for use as a food additive by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Potassium Sorbate food grade is listed in the FDA's Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) database, indicating that it is safe for consumption when used within specified limits.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is authorized as a food additive with the designation E202.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is included in Annex II of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives, indicating its approval for use in various food categories.
The permissible usage levels of potassium sorbate in food products are regulated by food safety authorities.
These levels vary depending on factors such as the type of food product, processing conditions, and intended use.

Adhering to recommended usage levels ensures food safety and compliance with regulatory requirements.
The effectiveness of potassium sorbate as a preservative is influenced by the pH of the food product.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is most effective in acidic environments, such as those found in fruit juices and pickled foods.

In alkaline environments, its efficacy may be reduced.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is often used in conjunction with appropriate packaging materials and storage conditions to maximize its preservative effect.
Packaging that provides a barrier to moisture and oxygen helps maintain the quality and shelf life of potassium sorbate-treated foods.

Food manufacturers conduct stability studies to assess the effectiveness of Potassium Sorbate food grade in preserving the quality of food products over time.
These studies evaluate factors such as microbial growth, sensory attributes, and shelf life under various storage conditions.
Analytical methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and titration, are employed to quantify the concentration of potassium sorbate in food products.

Accurate measurement of Potassium Sorbate food grade levels ensures compliance with regulatory standards and quality control requirements.
Consumer acceptance of Potassium Sorbate food grade-treated foods is influenced by factors such as taste, texture, and overall product quality.
Food manufacturers strive to maintain sensory appeal while ensuring microbial safety through the judicious use of potassium sorbate and other preservatives.

Uses:
Potassium Sorbate food grade is a chemical food preservative.
Its anti-microbial properties stop the growth and spread of harmful bacteria.
When used correctly, it inhibits bacterial growth in colostrum and milk.

Potassium Sorbate food grade can also be used to preserve antibody levels in ‘gold’ (first milking) colostrum.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is use as an antimicrobial preservative prevents the growth of mold, bacteria and fungi in cheese, dried meats, baked goods, jellies and syrups.
As a preservative in dried fruit, Potassium Sorbate food grade often replaces sulfur dioxide, which has an aftertaste.

The addition of Potassium Sorbate food grade to dietary supplements inhibits microbes and increases shelf life.
Many personal care products use Potassium Sorbate food grade to prolong shelf stability and prevent bacteria contamination.
Acting as a wine stabilizer, Potassium Sorbate food grade prevents yeast from fermentation past the wine’s bottling stage.

By inhibiting the fermentation process, it ceases production of yeast.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is not a broad spectrum preservative for cosmetic use and should be combined with other preservatives.
If Potassium Sorbate food grade is used as a preservative, the pH of the finished product may need to be reduced for potassium sorbate to be effective.

This is because Potassium Sorbate food grade is the inactive salt form of sorbic acid.
To be useful, the pH of the formulation must be low enough to release the free acid for useful activity.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is a food grade preservative generally regarded as safe (GRAS) worldwide.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is the inactive salt of sorbic acid.
Potassium Sorbate food grade readily dissolves in water where it converts to sorbic acid, its active form, at a low pH. Sorbic acid is very pH dependent.
While it shows some activity up to pH 6 (about 6%), it is most active at pH 4.4 (70%).

As sorbic acid, it is considered to be active against mold, fair against yeast and poor against most bacteria.
Sorbic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid and as such is subject to oxidation (use of an antioxidant like Mixed Tocopherols T50 is recommended).
It is also sensitive to UV light and may turn yellow in solution. Gluconolactone is reported to stabilize Potassium Sorbate food grade against discoloration and darkening in aqueous solutions and may be useful in stabilizing sorbic acid in the water phase of a product.

Potassium Sorbate food grade, the potassium salt of sorbic acid, is a naturally-occurring organic acid.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is the most widely used food grade preservative and is not a broad spectrum preservative for cosmetic use.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is used as a mold, bacterial and yeast inhibitor and as a fungistatic agent in foods.

It is also used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, tobacco and flavoring products.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is used for Yogurt, Cheese, Wine, Dips, Pickles, Dried meats, Soft drinks, Baked goods, Ice cream
Potassium Sorbate food grade is used as a preservative in a number of foods, since its anti-microbial properties stop the growth and spread of harmful bacteria and molds.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is used in cheese, baked goods, syrups and jams.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is also used as a preservative for dehydrated foods like jerky and dried fruit, as it does not leave an aftertaste.
The use of Potassium Sorbate food grade increases the shelf life of foods, so many dietary supplements also include it.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is commonly used in wine production because it stops the yeast from continuing to ferment in the bottles."
Potassium Sorbate food grade is used particularly in foods that are stored at room temperature or that are precooked, such as canned fruits and vegetables, canned fish, dried meat, and desserts.
It's also commonly used in food that is prone to mold growth, such as dairy products like cheese, yogurt, and ice cream.

Many foods that are not fresh rely on Potassium Sorbate food grade food grade and other preservatives to keep them from spoiling.
In general, potassium sorbate in food is very common.
It is used for Winemaking: Potassium Sorbate food grade is also commonly used in winemaking, to prevent wine from losing its flavor.

Without a preservative, the fermentation process in wine would continue and cause the flavor to change.
Soft drinks, juices, and sodas also often use Potassium Sorbate food grade as a preservative.
It is used for Beauty Products: While the chemical is common in food, there are many other Potassium Sorbate food grade uses.

Many beauty products are also prone to mold growth and use the preservative to extend the life of skin and haircare products.
It is very likely that your shampoo, hair spray, or skin cream contains Potassium Sorbate food grade.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is a preservative primarily against mold and yeast, and used in concentrations of 0.025 to 0.2 percent.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is non-toxic but may cause mild skin irritation.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is a preservative that is the potassium salt of sor- bic acid.
It is a white crystalline powder which is very soluble in water, with a solubility of 139 g in 100 ml at 20°c.

This solubility allows for solutions of high concentration which can be used for dipping and spraying.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is effective up to ph 6.5. it has approxi- mately 74% of the activity of sorbic acid, therefore requiring higher concentrations to obtain comparable results as sorbic acid.
It is effec- tive against yeasts and molds and is used in cheese, bread, beverages, margarine, and dry sausage typical usage levels are 0.025–0.10%.

It can be used in many foods such as cheese, soft/fruit drinks, wine, dried meat, dried fruits, yogurt, apple cider, wine and baked goods.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is not suitable for bread making or baked products which use yeast.
In wine Potassium Sorbate food grade produces Sorbic Acid which stops any surviving yeast from multiplying once the final racking of the wine is completed.

Potassium Sorbate food grade can also be used to clarify and prevent refermentation in apple cider and sweetened and sparkling wine.
In the food industry Potassium Sorbate food grade is used as a preservative.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is used to inhibit the growth of moulds and yeasts in food products (cheese, wine, yoghurt, dried meat, cider, soft drinks, fruit juice drinks, bakery products).

It is used in the manufacture of maple syrup, milkshakes.
It is also used as an ingredient in dried fruit products.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is commonly found in herbal food supplements as it inhibits the growth of moulds and other microbes, which extends shelf life.

The recommended rate of Potassium Sorbate food grade in food preservation is up to 0.1% of the total weight of the product.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is also known as a wine stabilizer and is converted into sorbic acid when it enters the wine.
Once the wine is actively fermenting and the bottles of clarified wine have been racked, Potassium Sorbate food grade inhibits further yeast growth.

This stops further conversion of wine sugars into CO2 and ethanol.
This is important for sweetened wines, where sorbate is added before bottling.
Sorbate is usually used in combination with Potassium Sorbate food grade metabisulphite.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is added to sweet wines, sparkling wines, ciders, and some table wines that do not retain their clarity well after bottling.
In cosmetics, Potassium Sorbate food grade is used as a preservative in cosmetic and personal care products, baby products, bath products, soaps and detergents, eye make-up, cleaning products, make-up products, as well as hair, nail and skin care products.
Some cosmetic and pharmaceutical manufacturers use Potassium Sorbate food grade instead of parabens.

In animal husbandry, Potassium Sorbate food grade can be used as a preservative in agriculture for animal and poultry feed.
The most common use is in the summer period for the preparation of feeds which are moist, coated with molasses, glycerol, propylene glycol and mineral additives.
The warm temperatures quickly cause the feed to spoil, reducing its efficiency and digestibility during the day.

To avoid additional feed preparation, deterioration of livestock health and loss of milk production, up to 0,1% Potassium Sorbate food gradee is added to the total amount of feed prepared.
In aquaculture, Potassium Sorbate food grade is used both alone and in combination with sodium benzoate in the preparation of fishing lures.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is most commonly found in flavoring products for carp fishing, boilies, dips, etc.

Concentrations up to 5% of the total weight are used.
The highest concentrations are found in the raw additives to ensure long term freshness of the baits.
The solubility of Potassium Sorbate food grade in propylene glycol, the absence of off-odors and its easy degradability in water make it one of the main preservatives.

In pharmaceuticals, Potassium Sorbate food grade can be used in nutrient preparations that are fed by tubes directly into the stomach of patients, as it helps to reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is commonly used in fruit and vegetable processing to prevent spoilage and extend the shelf life of processed products such as canned fruits, fruit fillings, and dried fruits.
In food service establishments, Potassium Sorbate food grade is used to preserve prepared salads, fruit salads, deli meats, and other perishable items displayed in salad bars and deli counters.

In addition to bread and cakes, Potassium Sorbate food grade is used in the production of various bakery products, including muffins, cookies, pie fillings, and pastry creams, to prevent mold growth and maintain freshness.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is added to candies, chocolates, and other confectionery items to inhibit microbial growth and prevent spoilage during storage and distribution.
Potassium Sorbate food grade may be used in frozen food products, such as frozen desserts, frozen pizzas, and frozen entrees, to maintain product quality and prevent microbial contamination during storage and transportation.

Home cooks and food preservers often use Potassium Sorbate food grade in homemade jams, jellies, fruit preserves, and syrups to prolong shelf life and prevent mold growth.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is sometimes added to cheese brines and cheese coatings to prevent the growth of molds and yeasts on the surface of cheese wheels during aging and storage.
Potassium Sorbate food grade may be used in sushi rice to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, ensuring the safety and quality of sushi and sashimi dishes.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is used in the production of snack foods such as potato chips, pretzels, and popcorn to prevent rancidity and extend shelf life.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is sometimes used as a preservative in health supplements, vitamins, and dietary supplements to maintain product stability and prevent microbial contamination.
Potassium Sorbate food grade may be added to liquid flavorings, sauces, and seasoning blends to inhibit microbial growth and maintain product freshness.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is used to inhibit molds and yeasts in many foods, such as cheese, wine, yogurt, dried meats, apple cider, dehydrated fruits, soft drinks and fruit drinks, and baked goods.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is used in the preparation of items such as hotcake syrup and milkshakes served by fast-food restaurants such as McDonald's.
Potassium Sorbate food grade can also be found in the ingredients list of many dried fruit products.

In addition, herbal dietary supplement products generally contain Potassium Sorbate food grade, which acts to prevent mold and microbes and to increase shelf life.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is used in quantities at which no adverse health effects are known, over short periods of time.
Labeling of this preservative on ingredient statements reads as "Potassium Sorbate food grade" or "E202".

Also, Potassium Sorbate food grade is used in many personal-care products to inhibit the development of microorganisms for shelf stability.
Some manufacturers are using this preservative as a replacement for parabens.
Tube feeding of Potassium Sorbate food grade reduces the gastric burden of pathogenic bacteria.

Also known as "wine stabilizer", Potassium Sorbate food grade produces sorbic acid when added to wine.
Potassium Sorbate food grade serves two purposes.
When active fermentation has ceased and the wine is racked for the final time after clearing, Potassium Sorbate food grade renders any surviving yeast incapable of multiplying.

Yeast living at that moment can continue fermenting any residual sugar into CO2 and alcohol, but when they die, no new yeast will be present to cause future fermentation.
When a wine is sweetened before bottling, Potassium Sorbate food grade is used to prevent refermentation when used in conjunction with potassium metabisulfite.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is primarily used with sweet wines, sparkling wines, and some hard ciders, but may be added to table wines, which exhibit difficulty in maintaining clarity after fining.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is a salt used for its antimicrobial and anti-oxidising properties.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is also used to inhibit mould and yeasts during food production, such as in wine and cheeses.
It is also used in various cosmetics to prevent the development of microorganisms, which increases the products shelf lives.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is used to inhibit molds, yeasts, and fungi in many foods, such as cheese, wine, and baked goods.
It can also be found in the ingredients list of many dried fruit products.
Labeling of this preservative reads as "Potassium Sorbate food grade" on the ingredient statement.

Also, it is used in many personal care products to inhibit the development of microorganisms for shelf stability.
Some manufacturers are using this preservative as a replacement for parabens.
Used as a mold inhibitor that is effective in reducing yeast and molds, protect against the growth and spread of harmful bacteria.

Also used as a food preservative to increase shelf life and reduce the risk of food-borne illnesses, without adversely affecting taste, color or flavor.
Potassium Sorbate food grade widely used in a number of foods as a preservative in beverages.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is used as a bacteriostatic and preservative in meat, products based on fish and eggs, cooked shrimps, sausage casings and flavoured dairy products.

One of its properties is that it is used as an anti-microbial agent that can stop the growth and spread of harmful bacteria, mold and yeast.
It is commonly used in as wine stabilizer and is added to a finished wine before bottling to reduce the possibility of re-fermentation by yeast as it is a yeast growth inhibitor.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is offered in Technical and Laboratory Grade.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is often included in beverage mixes, such as powdered drink mixes and concentrated syrups, to prevent microbial growth and maintain product stability, especially when reconstituted with water.
In desserts like custards, puddings, and gelatin desserts, Potassium Sorbate food grade helps prevent spoilage and maintains freshness, particularly in refrigerated or shelf-stable formats.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is used in frostings, fillings, and icing for cakes and pastries to prevent mold growth and preserve their quality during storage and display.

Potassium Sorbate food grade may be added to dairy alternatives such as plant-based milk, yogurt, and cheese to extend their shelf life and prevent spoilage caused by microorganisms.
In dips, spreads, and condiments like salsa, guacamole, and hummus, Potassium Sorbate food grade serves as a preservative to inhibit microbial growth and maintain product freshness.
Potassium Sorbate food grade may be used in meat and poultry products, such as deli meats, sausages, and meat-based spreads, to prevent the growth of spoilage microorganisms and ensure product safety.

Potassium Sorbate food grade can be added to canned or packaged soups, broths, and bouillons to prevent microbial contamination and extend the shelf life of these products.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is used in ready-to-eat meals, convenience foods, and meal kits to preserve their quality and safety during storage and distribution.
Potassium Sorbate food grade may be combined with other food preservatives, such as sodium benzoate or calcium propionate, to enhance their effectiveness and provide broader protection against microbial spoilage.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is approved for use in natural and organic food products as a preservative, providing a safe and effective option for maintaining product integrity without synthetic additives.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is utilized in food service settings, including restaurants, cafeterias, and catering operations, to preserve prepared foods, salad bar items, and condiments for extended periods.
Potassium Sorbate food grade facilitates international food trade by ensuring the safety and stability of exported food products, helping maintain quality standards during shipping and storage.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is a yeast inhibitor used to prevent further fermentation in wines with residual sugar.
It doesn't kill yeast, but prevents them from dividing to produce new yeast cells. Nor does it inhibit the growth of malo-lactic bacteria.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is used in winemaking and brewing to prevent refermentation and spoilage.

It stabilizes wine and beer by inhibiting the growth of residual yeast and bacteria, ensuring product consistency and stability.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is utilized in cosmetics, skincare products, and personal care formulations as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination.
Potassium Sorbate food grade helps extend the shelf life of creams, lotions, shampoos, and other cosmetic preparations.

In the pharmaceutical industry, potassium sorbate is sometimes used as a preservative in liquid medications, creams, and ointments to prevent microbial growth and maintain product integrity.
Potassium Sorbate food grade may be added to animal feed and pet food products to inhibit the growth of mold and extend the shelf life of feed ingredients.
Industrial Applications: Potassium sorbate is also used in various industrial applications, such as: Inhibits microbial growth in water-based systems, Prevents spoilage in water-based paint formulations.
Adhesives and sealants: Extends the shelf life of adhesive products, Potassium Sorbate food grade may be applied to packaging materials, such as plastic films and coatings, to provide additional protection against microbial contamination and extend the shelf life of packaged foods.

Potassium Sorbate food grade is a commonly used food preservative, that is in scientific terms, the potassium salt of the sorbic acid.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is also used a wine stabilizer due to the presence of sorbic acid in it.
It is used with sweet and sparkling wines mainly, to prevent fermentation at the last stages of wine production, killing the last remains yeast, fungus or bacteria.

This is taken as the final step to curb any kind of future fermentation in the wines.
Similarly, it also saves the yeast and mold formation in the food products.
Besides normal food, herbal diet supplements also use Potassium Sorbate food grade preservative.

Apart from food and wines, potassium sorbate is also an important constituent of personal care products.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Potassium Sorbate is used as a substitute for parabens that are again used for controlling the development of microorganisms.
It is an active ingredient of the daily shampoos, conditioners, lotions, bath gels and other cosmetics that we use on a daily basis.

Safety Profile:
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route.
Mildly toxic by ingestion.
Potassium Sorbate food grade is a skin, eye, and respiratory irritant.

Concentrations up to 0.5% are not significant skin irritants.
As a food additive, Potassium Sorbate food grade is used as a preservative in concentrations of 0.025–0.100%, which in a 100 g serving yields an intake of 25–100 mg.
In the United States, no more than 0.1% is allowed in fruit butters, jellies, preserves, and related products.

Up to 0.4% has been studied in low-salt, naturally-fermented pickles, and when combined with calcium chloride, 0.2% made "good quality pickles."
Potassium Sorbate food grade has about 74% of sorbic acid's anti-microbial activity.
When calculated as sorbic acid, 0.3% is allowed in "cold pack cheese food."

The maximum acceptable daily intake for human consumption is 25 mg/kg, or 1750 mg daily for an average adult (70 kg).
Under some conditions, particularly at high concentrations or when combined with nitrites, potassium sorbate has shown genotoxic activity in vitro.
Three studies conducted in the 1970s did not find it to have any carcinogenic effects in rats.

Direct contact with Potassium Sorbate food grade powder or concentrated solutions can cause skin and eye irritation in some individuals.
Proper handling procedures, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles, are recommended when working with concentrated forms of Potassium Sorbate food grade.
Although rare, some people may experience allergic reactions to Potassium Sorbate food grade.

Symptoms may include skin rash, itching, swelling, or respiratory symptoms such as difficulty breathing.
Individuals with known sensitivities or allergies to Potassium Sorbate food grade or related compounds should avoid products containing this preservative.
Ingestion of large amounts of Potassium Sorbate food grade may cause digestive disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal cramps.


POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE
Potassium Sorbate Granule appears as a white to off-white granular.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is the potassium salt of sorbic acid,


CAS Number: 24634-61-5
EC Number: 246-376-1
MDL number: MFCD00016546
E Number: E202
Molecular Formula: C6H7KO2



SYNONYMS:
2,4-Hexadienoic Acid Potassium Salt, Potassium sorbate, Sorbic acid potassium salt, Potassium Sorbate Extruded, Potassium (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate, Sorbistat-K, E202 (European food additive number), K Sorbate, Sorbato de Potasio Granular, Potassium (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate, Potassium 2,4-Hexadienoate, Sorbic acid potassium salt, FEMA 2921, (E,E) POTASSIUM 2,4-HEXADIENOATE, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt, Potassium sorbate, POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULAR WHITE, POTASSIUM SORBATE FOODGRADE, potssium sorbate, POTASSIUM SORBATE, 1GM, NEAT, Potassium sorbate, Potassium (E,E)-2,4-hexadienoate, Potassium salt of trans, trans 2,4-hexadienoic acid



Potassium Sorbate Granule is the potassium salt of Sorbic Acid.
Potassium Sorbate Granule appears as a white to off-white granular.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is available in various formats, packs and grades.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is white granular Slight characteristic odour.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is freely soluble in water and practically insoluble in ether.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is heat stability


No change in colour after heating for 90 minutes at 105
Potassium Sorbate Granule is the potassium salt of sorbic acid.
Chemical formula of Potassium Sorbate Granule is CH3CH=CH-CH=CH-CO2K.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is very soluble in water (58.2% at 20 °C).
Potassium Sorbate Granule is primarily used as a food preservative (E number 202).
Potassium Sorbate Granule is effective in a variety of applications including food, and personal care products.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is a chemical additive that is widely used as a preservative in foods, drinks, and personal care products.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is an odorless and tasteless salt synthetically produced from sorbic acid and potassium hydroxide.
Potassium Sorbate Granule prolongs the shelf life of foods by stopping the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi.


Potassium Sorbate Granule occurs as white to off white crystals, crystalline powder, or pellets.
Potassium Sorbate Granule decomposes at about 270°.
Restrain growth and reproduction of the pernicious micro oraganism as pseudomonas, staphylococcus salmonella action to restrain growth is more powerful than killing.


Potassium Sorbate Granule occurs as white to light yellow brown flaky crystals, crystalline powder or granules.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is odorless or has a slight odor.
Introducing Potassium Sorbate Granule - the perfect solution for extending the shelf life of your favorite foods and beverages.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is a must-have for anyone who loves to cook or enjoys making their own homemade creations.
With its unique ability to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and other microorganisms, Potassium Sorbate Granule helps to preserve the freshness and quality of your food and drink.


Its versatile nature makes Potassium Sorbate Granule an ideal option for a wide range of products, including wine, cheese, and baked goods.
Potassium Sorbate Granule, for use as a food and drink preserving material, which is higher than powdery potassium sorbate in apparent specific gravity, is very easily soluble and is sufficiently hard as not to break in handling.


A process for producing the above-mentioned Potassium Sorbate Granule by properly wetting powdery potassium sorbate with water alone or with a mixture of water and an organic solvent, molding it with particular types of extruding granulators under proper conditions and drying it.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a chemical compound widely used as a food preservative.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is very popular in brewing and as a stabiliser and it produces sorbic acid when added to wines.
Potassium Sorbate Granule serves two purposes.
When active fermentation has ceased and the wine is racked for the last time, Potassium Sorbate Granule will render any surviving yeast incapable of multiplying.


Yeast living at that moment can continue fermenting any residual sugar into CO2 but when they die no new yeast will be present to cause future fermentation.
In short, Potassium Sorbate Granule has lots of uses and is the most commonly used preservative in food.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is available in various formats, packings, and grades.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is a white
Potassium Sorbate Granule is slight characteristic odor
Potassium Sorbate Granule is freely soluble in water and practically insoluble in ether.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is in a powder form.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a preservative that inhibits the growth of yeasts, moulds and certain bacteria commonly found in foods and beverages.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a white or almost white powder or granules.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is the potassium salt of Sorbic Acid, chemical formula C6H7KO2.
Potassium Sorbate Granule's primary use is as a food preservative (E number 202).
Potassium Sorbate Granule is effective in a variety of applications including food, wine, and personal care products.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is produced by reacting sorbic acid with an equimolar portion of potassium hydroxide.
The resulting Potassium Sorbate Granule may be crystallized from aqueous ethanol.
Potassium Sorbate Granule as a food preservative is an acidic preservative combined with an organic acid to improve the antiseptic reaction effect.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is prepared by using potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide and sorbic acid as raw materials.
Sorbic acid (potassium) can effectively inhibit the activity of molds, yeasts and aerobic bacteria, thereby effectively extending the preservation time of the food and maintaining the flavor of the original food.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is the potassium salt of Sorbic Acid, chemical formula C6H7KO2.
Potassium Sorbate Granule's primary use is as a food preservative (E number 202).
Potassium Sorbate Granule is effective in a variety of applications including food, wine, and personal care products.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is produced by reacting sorbic acid with an equimolar portion of potassium hydroxide.
The resulting Potassium Sorbate Granule may be crystallized from aqueous ethanol.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is the potassium salt of Sorbic Acid, chemical formula C6H7KO2.


Potassium Sorbate Granule's primary use is as a food preservative (E number 202).
Potassium Sorbate Granule is effective in a variety of applications including food, wine, and personal care products.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is produced by reacting sorbic acid with an equimolar portion of potassium hydroxide.


The resulting Potassium Sorbate Granule may be crystallized from aqueous ethanol.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a white to off-white granular powder.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is freely soluble in water, less soluble in ethyl alcohol.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is the potassium salt of sorbic acid.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is the potassium salt of Sorbic Acid, chemical formula C6H7KO2.
Potassium Sorbate Granule's primary use is as a food preservative (E number 202).


Potassium Sorbate Granule is effective in a variety of applications including food, wine, and personal care products.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a salt derived from sorbic acid, which is naturally found in some fruits and berries.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a white, odorless, and tasteless powder that is highly soluble in water.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is an FDA-approved food additive that has been classified as "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS).
Potassium Sorbate Granule prolongs the shelf life of foods by stopping the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi.
Potassium Sorbate Granule was discovered in the 1850s by the French, who derived it from berries of the mountain ash tree.


Potassium Sorbate Granule's safety and uses as a preservative have been researched for the last fifty years.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recognizes Potassium Sorbate Granule as generally safe when used appropriately.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a chemical additive.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, an organic compound.
Although primarily used as a food preservative, Potassium Sorbate Granule is effective in a wide variety of applications such as wine and personal care products.


When used as a food preservative, Potassium Sorbate Granule inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and other microorganisms for shelf life stability.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is often used in foods such as cheese, dried fruit, yogurt, pet foods, dried meats, soft drinks, and baked goods.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a yeast inhibitor used to prevent further fermentation in wines with residual sugar.


Potassium Sorbate Granule doesn't kill yeast, but prevents them from dividing to produce new yeast cells.
Nor does Potassium Sorbate Granule inhibit the growth of malo-lactic bacteria.
Normal usage of Potassium Sorbate Granule is 1 to 1-1/4 grams per gallon of wine (=1/2 to 3/8 teaspoon per gallon).


This is the equivalent of 200 to 250 ppm.
Potassium Sorbate Granule’s widely used as a preservative in foods, drinks, and personal care products.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is water soluble, odorless and tasteless
Potassium Sorbate Granule is the potassium salt of sorbic acid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE:
Market Applications of Potassium Sorbate Granule: Animal Nutrition, Sports & Lifestyle Nutrition, Infant & Early Life, Flavour & Fragrance, Personal Care, Food, Beverage
Potassium Sorbate Granule is the most used preservative in the food industry.


Potassium Sorbate Granule works in a wide range of Ph. values.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used to prevent moulds and yeasts.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is the most-used preservative in the food industry.


Potassium Sorbate Granule works in a wide range of pH values.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used to prevent molds and yeasts.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a food preservative that can be found in cheese, wine, yogurt, dairy, meats and many other food & beverage ingredients.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is used to restrain moulds and can be found in lots of food and drinks.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is often found on the ingredients labels of products to prevent mould and and to increase shelf life.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used in such small quantities that there are no known abnormal effects on health.


Labeling of this preservative reads "Potassium Sorbate Granule" on the ingredient label.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used in many cosmetic products to restrain the development of microorganisms for extra shelf life.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used to inhibit moulds and yeasts in many foods, such as cheese, yoghurt, dried meats, apple cider, soft drinks and fruit drinks, and baked goods.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is used in the preparation of items such as Sweet maple syrup and milkshakes served by fast food conglomerates.
Potassium Sorbate Granule can also be found in the ingredients list of many dried fruit products.
In addition, herbal dietary supplement products generally contain Potassium Sorbate Granule, which acts to prevent mould and microbes and to increase shelf life.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is used in quantities at which there are no known adverse health effects, over short periods of time.
Labeling of this preservative on ingredient statements reads as "Potassium Sorbate Granule" or "E202".
Also, Potassium Sorbate Granule is used in many personal care products to inhibit the development of microorganisms for shelf stability.


Some manufacturers are using Potassium Sorbate Granule as a replacement for parabens.
Also known as " stabilizer", Potassium Sorbate Granule produces sorbic acid when added to it.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used to prevent refermentation when used in conjunction with potassium metabisulfite.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is primarily used with sweet, sparkling es, and some hard ciders.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a preservative that is freely soluble in water.
Potassium Sorbate Granule works well for preventing microbial growth in high-quality prescription and OTC drugs as well as food, beverages, pet food, personal care products, and cosmetics.


Potassium Sorbate Granule’s widely used as a preservative in foods, drinks, and personal care products.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is an odorless and tasteless salt synthetically produced from sorbic acid and potassium hydroxide.
Potassium Sorbate Granule prolongs the shelf life of foods by stopping the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is a yeast inhibitor used to prevent further fermentation in wines with residual sugar.
Potassium Sorbate Granule doesn’t kill yeast, but prevents them from dividing to produce new yeast cells.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a chemical compound used as a preservative in a wide range of food and beverage items.


Known for its capability to hinder the growth of molds, yeasts, and bacteria, Potassium Sorbate Granule is widely favored in the food industry to prolong the shelf life of products.
Its granular form simplifies handling and blending into food formulations, making Potassium Sorbate Granule a common ingredient in processed foods, dairy products, baked goods, beverages, and other perishable items.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is used to inhibit molds, yeasts, and fungi in many foods, such as cheese, wine, and baked goods.
Potassium Sorbate Granule can also be found in the ingredients list of many dried fruit products.
Also, Potassium Sorbate Granule is used in many personal care products to inhibit the development of microorganisms for shelf stability.


Some manufacturers are using Potassium Sorbate Granule as a replacement for parabens.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is often used as a food preservative for a variety of applications including food and wine.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used to inhibit molds and yeasts in many foods, such as cheese, wine, yogurt, dried meats, apple cider, soft drinks, fruit drinks, and baked goods.


Potassium Sorbate Granule can also be used in dried fruit products.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is mainly used as preservatives in Food.
Potassium Sorbate Granule can restrain effectively the activity of mould, yeast and aerophile bacteria.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is used as an antimicrobial preservative.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is easy to use and can be added directly to your recipes or sprinkled on top of your finished products.
Potassium Sorbate Granule has no impact on the taste or texture of your food and drink, ensuring that you can enjoy them just as much as before.


Whether you're a professional chef or a home cook, Potassium Sorbate Granule is an essential ingredient that you won't want to be without.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used as a preservative, which destroys many enzyme systems by combining with the sulfhydryl groups of microbial enzyme systems. Its toxicity is much lower than that of other preservatives.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is mainly used as a food preservative, because it has a very strong inhibitory effect on mold and spoilage bacteria, and is easily soluble in water, so it is widely used.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used to inhibit moulds and yeasts in many foods, such as cupcakes, slice cakes other baked goods, cheese, apple cider, soft drinks and fruit drinks


Applications of Potassium Sorbate Granule are Bakery; Confectionary; Dairy; Meat & meat products; Pet Food / Animal Nutrition; Sauces & Seasoning
Applications of Potassium Sorbate Granule in Vegetables and Fruits: If Potassium Sorbate Granule preservative is used on the surface of vegetables and fruits, it can be stored for a month at a temperature as high as 30°C, and the greenness of vegetables and fruits will not change.


Application in Meat Products: Smoked ham, dried sausages, jerky and similar other dried meat products are briefly soaked in a solution of Potassium Sorbate Granule of appropriate concentration to achieve antiseptic preservation.
Application in Aquatic Products: After adding 0.1%~0.2% sorbic acid and Potassium Sorbate Granule mixed preservatives to the fish sausage, the product will not be spoiled when stored at a temperature as high as 30°C for two weeks.


Application in Pastry: When Potassium Sorbate Granule is used as a preservative for cakes, it should be dissolved in water or milk first, and then directly added to flour or dough.
Food and Beverage: Potassium Sorbate Granule can be added to various beverages such as fruit and vegetable juice drinks, carbonated drinks, protein drinks, etc., which greatly extends the shelf life of the product.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is used in many personal-care products to inhibit the development of microorganisms for shelf stability.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used to inhibit molds & yeast in soft drinks, cheese and other foods.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is the potassium salt of sorbic acid and is characterized by its granular form, making it easy to handle and incorporate into various products.


Food Industry: Potassium Sorbate Granule is extensively used in the food industry to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi, thereby extending the shelf life of food products.
Common applications of Potassium Sorbate Granule include: Baked goods, Dairy products (e.g., cheese, yogurt), Beverages (e.g., fruit juices, wines), and Processed vegetables and fruits


Cosmetics and Personal Care: Potassium Sorbate Granule is also used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products such as lotions, creams, and shampoos to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.
Pharmaceuticals: In the pharmaceutical industry, Potassium Sorbate Granule is utilized to preserve medications, ensuring their efficacy and safety over time.


Wine Production: Potassium Sorbate Granule prevents the re-fermentation of wines and ciders by inhibiting yeast activity.
Potassium Sorbate Granule, which is a potassium salt of sorbic acid, is used as a preservative in cosmetic formulations.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is effective in formulations with a pH between 2 - 6.5.


Use Potassium Sorbate Granule in a variety of products including hair care, lotions, creams and bath products.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is effective against fungi, mold and yeast.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used to inhibit molds and yeasts in many foods, such as cheese, wine, yogurt, dried meats, apple cider, soft drinks and fruit drinks, and baked goods.


Potassium Sorbate Granule can also be found in the ingredients list of many dried fruit products.
In addition, herbal dietary supplement products generally contain Potassium Sorbate Granule, which acts to prevent mold and microbes and to increase shelf life.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is used in quantities at which there are no known adverse health effects, over short periods of time.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used cosmetic preservatives.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is an organic acid preservative.


The amount of Potassium Sorbate Granule added is generally 0.5%.
Potassium Sorbate Granule can be mixed with sorbic acid.
Although Potassium Sorbate Granule is easily soluble in water, it is convenient to use, but the pH value of the 1% aqueous solution is 7-8, which tends to increase the pH of the cosmetic, and should be taken care of when used.


Potassium Sorbate Granule’s widely used as a preservative in foods, drinks, and personal care products.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is an odorless and tasteless salt synthetically produced from sorbic acid and potassium hydroxide.
Potassium Sorbate Granule prolongs the shelf life of foods by stopping the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is a yeast inhibitor used to prevent further fermentation in wines with residual sugar.
Potassium Sorbate Granule doesn’t kill yeast, but prevents them from dividing to produce new yeast cells.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used as a preservative in food and skin care products to prevent the growth of moulds, yeasts and bacteria.


Potassium Sorbate Granule increases the shelf life of herbal dietary supplements and is used as a wine stabiliser.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used to inhibit molds and yeasts in many foods, such as cheese, wine, yogurt, dried meats, apple cider, soft drinks and fruit drinks, and baked goods.


Potassium Sorbate Granule can also be found in the ingredients list of many dried fruit products.
In addition, herbal dietary supplement products generally contain Potassium Sorbate Granule, which acts to prevent mold and microbes and to increase shelf life, and is used in quantities at which there are no known adverse health effects, over short periods of time.


Potassium Sorbate Granule as a food preservative is an acidic preservative combined with an organic acid to improve the antiseptic reaction effect.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is prepared by using potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide and sorbic acid as raw materials.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is effective against fungi, mold and yeast.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is used as a preservative (food grade) and antimicrobial agent.
Sorbic acid (potassium) can effectively inhibit the activity of molds, yeasts and aerobic bacteria, thereby effectively extending the preservation time of the food and maintaining the flavor of the original food.


Potassium Sorbate Granule, which is a potassium salt of sorbic acid, is used as a preservative in cosmetic formulations.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is effective in formulations with a pH between 2 - 6.5.
Use Potassium Sorbate Granule in a variety of products including hair care, lotions, creams and bath products.



Potassium Sorbate Granule is used to inhibit molds and yeasts in many foods, such as cheese, wine, yogurt, dried meats, apple cider, soft drinks and fruit drinks, and baked goods.
Potassium Sorbate Granule can also be found in the ingredients list of many dried fruit products.


In addition, herbal dietary supplement products generally contain Potassium Sorbate Granule, which acts to prevent mold and microbes and to increase shelf life, and is used in quantities at which there are no known adverse health effects, over short periods of time.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used as a preservative that breaks down water and carbon dioxide in the body.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is anti-microbial and also increases the shelf-life of products.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used in cheese, baked goods, syrups, and jams.
Potassium Sorbate Granule preserves dehydrated foods like jerky and dried fruit, and stops the yeast from continuing to ferment in wine.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is used as a food preservative in a variety of food and beverage products, including baked goods, cheese, meat, wine, and soft drinks.
Additionally, Potassium Sorbate Granule is also used in personal care products such as shampoos, lotions, and cosmetics, to preserve their shelf life.


As an ingredient in personal care products, Potassium Sorbate Granule is found in a wide variety of skin care and cosmetic products, including facial, eye and hair care formulas as a preservative.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a paraben alternative to prevent or retard the growth of microorganisms and protect products from spoiling.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is effective against fungi, mold and yeast, but less active against bacteria.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a yeast inhibitor used to prevent further fermentation in wines with residual sugar.
Potassium Sorbate Granule doesn't kill yeast, but prevents them from dividing to produce new yeast cells.


Nor does Potassium Sorbate Granule inhibit the growth of malo-lactic bacteria.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a functional preservative which can inhibit the growth of moulds and is commonly used in food and drink manufacturing.
Potassium Sorbate Granule’s widely used as a preservative in foods, drinks, and personal care products.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is an odorless and tasteless salt synthetically produced from sorbic acid and potassium hydroxide.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used as a preservative in food and skin care products to prevent the growth of moulds, yeasts and bacteria.
Potassium Sorbate Granule increases the shelf life of herbal dietary supplements and is used as a wine stabiliser.


Potassium Sorbate Granule is used in the food industry to inhibit molds and yeasts in a variety of products.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a chemical additive.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used as an antimicrobial preservative.


-Suggested Uses of Potassium Sorbate Granule:
*Skin care and cosmetics and beauty products - to prevent mould growth
*Preservative in food (E202) - jams, cheeses, dried meats, cakes, maple syrup, baked goods
*Wine stabiliser in home brew - preventing secondary fermentation after bottling
*Herbal dietary supplements


-Potassium Sorbate Granule in Winemaking
Potassium Sorbate Granule is often called wine stabiliser by wine makers.
Potassium Sorbate Granule renders any surviving yeast inert.
Only use Potassium Sorbate Granule after active fermentation has ceased and the clearing process is completed.


-Animal Feed Industry uses of Potassium Sorbate Granule:
Both the United States and the European Union use Potassium Sorbate Granule as a legal feed additive for animal feed.
Potassium Sorbate Granule can be easily digested as a feed ingredient without any adverse effects on animals.
Feed is prone to spoilage during storage, transportation and sales, so the application market of Potassium Sorbate Granule in the feed industry is huge.


-Food containers and packaging materials uses of Potassium Sorbate Granule:
Potassium Sorbate Granule can be directly added, impregnated, sprayed or sprayed with dry powder.

At the same time, there are many flexible ways to deal with packaging materials.
In terms of development trend, because the characteristics of Potassium Sorbate Granule are equal to natural products, the application range and usage amount are still large.


-Food Preservatives uses of Potassium Sorbate Granule:
Potassium Sorbate Granule is widely used as a food preservative.

Potassium Sorbate Granule is stipulated that the allowable concentration in noodle products, pickles, canned food, dried fruits, dairy products and condiments is 0.02% to 0.1%.

Adding 1% Potassium Sorbate Granule to meat products can significantly inhibit the production of Clostridium botulinum toxin.
At the same time, sorbic acid is widely used in low-alcohol wine such as fruit wine, beer and wine, and has an ideal antiseptic effect.



FEATURES AND DETAILS OF POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE:
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used in baking to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and microbes, in turn increasing shelf life of baked food products.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a food preservative commonly used in the baking industry to prevent mold, yeast, and mi-crobes.

Potassium Sorbate Granule is often used in cakes and icings, beverage syrups, cheese, dried fruits, margarine, pie fillings, wine, etc. at concentrations dependent on the specific applica-tion.

Potassium Sorbate Granule is effective at pH up to 6 but drops rapidly at higher levels.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is used in many personal-care products to inhibit the development of microorganisms for shelf sta-bility.



SPECIFICATIONS OF POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE:
*Comes in resealable tub / buckets.
*Food Grade
*Avoid heat and light
*Colour: White Granular



FUNCTION OF POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE:
*Antimicrobial agent;
*preservative.



WHAT IS POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE FOUND IN?
You’ll find Potassium Sorbate Granule on the list of ingredients for many common foods.
Potassium Sorbate Granule’s a popular preservative because it’s effective and doesn’t change the qualities of a product, such as taste, smell, or appearance.
Potassium Sorbate Granule’s also water-soluble, and it works at room temperature.

You may find Potassium Sorbate Granule added to many food products, such as:
*apple cider
*baked goods
*canned fruits and vegetables
*cheeses
*dried meats
*dried fruit
*ice cream
*pickles
*soft drinks and juices
*wine
*yogurt

Potassium Sorbate Granule is used as an antimicrobial and preservative in personal care items, as well, such as:
*eyeshadow and other cosmetics
*shampoos and moisturizers
*contact lens solution
Potassium Sorbate Granule is also approved for safe use as a preservative in moist cat and dog foods and in other animal feed.



HOW DOES POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE WORK AS A PRESERVATIVE?
Potassium Sorbate Granule works as a preservative by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold in food and other products.
Potassium Sorbate Granule does this by disrupting the cell membranes of microorganisms, which prevents them from reproducing, ultimately leading to their death.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is highly effective against yeast and mold, which are the most common spoilage organisms found in food and personal care products.



BENEFITS OF USING POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE:
1. Shelf Life Extension:
Potassium Sorbate Granule is highly effective in extending the shelf life of food, beverage, and personal care products.
By inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, Potassium Sorbate Granule prevents spoilage, thereby allowing products to last longer.


2. Safe for Human Consumption:
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a food-grade preservative that has been approved by the FDA.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is classified as "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS), which means it is safe for human consumption.


3. Versatility:
Potassium Sorbate Granule is highly versatile and can be used in a wide range of food, beverage, and personal care products.


4. Odorless and Tasteless:
Potassium Sorbate Granule is odorless and tasteless, which ensures that it does not affect the flavor and aroma of the products.


Conclusion:
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a highly effective preservative that has gained immense popularity due to its ability to extend the shelf life of food, beverage, and personal care products.

Potassium Sorbate Granule is a versatile and safe preservative that has been approved by the FDA and is classified as "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS).
If you are looking for a reliable preservative for your products that can prevent spoilage while maintaining their flavor and aroma, Potassium Sorbate Granule is the ultimate solution.



NAME OF POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE:
Potassium Sorbate Granule is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, chemical formula CH3CH=CH−CH=CH−CO2K.
Potassium Sorbate Granule is a white salt that is very soluble in water (58.2% at 20 °C).
Potassium Sorbate Granule is primarily used as a food preservative (E number 202).



SAFETY AND HANDLING OF POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE:
Safety:
Potassium Sorbate Granule is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used appropriately.

Storage:
Store Potassium Sorbate Granule in a cool, dry place, away from moisture and direct sunlight.
Keep Potassium Sorbate Granule the container tightly closed when not in use to prevent caking and contamination.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE:
CAS Number: 24634-61-5
Molecular Weight: 150.22 g/mol
MDL Number: MFCD00016546
E Number: E202
EC Index Number: 246-376-1
Physical Properties:
Physical State: Solid
Color: White
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point/Freezing Point: Decomposes before melting; approximately 270°C
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: Decomposes below boiling point
Flash Point: Not applicable

Autoignition Temperature: 178°C
Decomposition Temperature: ≥ 205°C
Density: Relative density of 1.36 at 23.5°C
Water Solubility: 1.95 g/L at 20°C (completely soluble)
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Log Pow of 1.32 at 20°C
Safety Information:
Flammability: No data available
Explosive Properties: No data available
Oxidizing Properties: None
Other Information:
Grade: NF (National Formulary)
Bulk Density: Approximately 370 kg/m³
Surface Tension: 72.6 mN/m at 20°C
Dissociation Constant: 4.69 at 20°C



FIRST AID MEASURES of POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
No aluminium, tin, or zinc containers.
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POTASSIUM SORBATE GRANULE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

POTASSIUM STEARATE
POTASSIUM TARTRATE, N° CAS : 921-53-9, Nom INCI : POTASSIUM TARTRATE, Nom chimique : Potassium salt of tartaric acid, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 213-067-8. Ses fonctions (INCI). Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques
POTASSIUM SULFATE
Potassium sulfate, with the chemical formula K2SO4, is an inorganic chemical compound and a necessary nutrient source for plants.
Potassium sulfate is soluble in water but insoluble in ethanol.
Potassium sulfate is primarily used as a fertilizer to improve crop yields.

CAS Number: 7778-80-5
EC Number: 231-915-5
Molecular Formula: K2O4S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 174.25

Synonyms: Potassium sulfate, 7778-80-5, DiPotassium sulfate, Potassium sulphate, Sulfuric acid dipotassium salt, Sulfuric acid, potassium salt, Arcanum duplicatum, Sulfuric acid, dipotassium salt, Potassiumsulfate, dipotassium;sulfate, Tartarus vitriolatus, Kali sulphuricum, Potassium sulfate (2:1), K2SO4, Potassium (as sulfate), MFCD00011388, Sulfuric acid potassium salt (1:2), 10233-01-9, 1K573LC5TV, INS NO.515(I), CHEBI:32036, INS-515(I), E-515(I), Kalium sulphuricum, Caswell No. 702, Potassium sulfate [JAN], Sulfato de potasio, Potassium sulfate (K2(SO4)), HSDB 5047, EINECS 231-915-5, EINECS 233-558-0, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 005603, Sulfuric acid potassium salt, UNII-1K573LC5TV, Kaliumsulfat, Potassium sulfate, ACS, Potassium sulfate [USAN:JAN], Sulfate of Potash, Potassium sulfate ,(S), EC 231-915-5, Potassium sulfate (K2SO4), Potassium sulfate [MI], KALI SULPHURICUM [HPUS], Potassium sulfate [FCC], CHEMBL2021424, DTXSID6029701, Potassium sulfate [HSDB], Potassium sulfate [INCI], Potassium sulfate [USAN], Potassium sulfate (JP17/USAN), Potassium sulfate [VANDF], Potassium sulfate [MART.], Potassium sulfate [WHO-DD], BLI801 Component Potassium sulfate, Potassium sulfate, Biochemical grade, BLI-801 Component Potassium sulfate, AKOS025243249, Sulfuric acid, potassium salt (1:?), DB14499, Potassium sulfate [ORANGE BOOK], POTASSIUM (AS SULFATE) [VANDF], Potassium sulfate [EP MONOGRAPH], Potassium sulphate, containing in the dry state more than 52 per cent by weight of K2O, FisherTab™ MT-37 Kjeldahl Tablets, FisherTab™ ST-35 Kjeldahl Tablets, FisherTab™ ST-AUTO Kjeldahl Tablets, Potassium sulfate, 99.997% (metals basis), D01726, Potassium sulfate, Trace metals grade 99.95%, Q193054, SUPREP BOWEL PREP KIT COMPONENT Potassium sulfate, Potassium sulfate COMPONENT OF SUPREP BOWEL PREP KIT

Potassium sulfate can be described as an inorganic chemical compound having the chemical formula K2SO4.
Potassium sulfate can also be referred to as either dipotassium sulfate or Sulfuric acid dipotassium salt.

Potassium sulfate occurs naturally in salt lakes and volcanic lava.
Potassium sulfate appearance is as a colourless white crystalline powder or simply crystals.

Potassium sulfate is purely odourless and has a hard, saline-like and bitter taste.
Potassium sulfate dissolves in water, but Potassium sulfate is insoluble in ethanol. 

Potassium sulfate is an inorganic chemical compound.
Potassium sulfate is also known as Sulfuric acid dipotassium salt or diPotassium sulfate.

Potassium sulfate occurs naturally in volcanic lava and salt lakes.
Potassium sulfate appears as a colourless to white crystalline powder or crystals.

Potassium sulfate is odourless and has a bitter, hard and saline-like taste.
Potassium sulfate dissolves in water but insoluble in ethanol.

Potassium sulfate with chemical formula K2SO4.
Potassium sulfate is a water-insoluble white crystalline potassium salt.
Potassium sulfate contains 50-53% potassium (K2O) and average sulfur content of 16-20%.

Potassium sulfate also carries sulfur, which is the necessary nutrient for the plants.
Sulfur deficiency is used as a source of potassium and sulfur in cases.

Potassium sulfate is not to be confused with calcium compounds.
Potassium sulfate is composed of acid salt and alkaline salt after 17th century and Potassium sulfate has survived until today.

Potassium sulfate is obtained from brine from the Salar de Atacama and is used in the manufacture of drywall in the construction industry.

Potassium sulfate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 000 to < 10 000 000 tonnes per annum.
Potassium sulfate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Potassium sulfate contains potassium (K) and sulfur (S) – two of the essential nutrients that plants require to achieve optimum growth and reach their maximum potential.

Potassium fertilizer is commonly added to improve the yield and quality of plants growing in soils that are lacking an adequate supply of this essential nutrient.
Most fertilizer K comes from ancient salt deposits located throughout the world.
The word “potash” is a general term that most frequently refers to potassium chloride (KCl), but Potassium sulfate also applies to all other K-containing fertilizers, such as Potassium sulfate (Potassium sulfate, commonly referred to as sulfate of potash, or SOP).

Potassium sulfate can be used as a dietary ingredient and as a nutrient.
Potassium works with sodium to normalize heart rhythms and to regulate the body’s waste balance.
Potassium sulfate also preserves proper alkalinity of body fluids and assists in reducing high blood pressure.

Potassium sulfate is a moderately water and acid soluble Potassium source for uses compatible with sulfates.
Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal.

Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble.
Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions.

Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar cells and fuel cells.
Potassium sulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.

Potassium sulfate is an important nutrient for plants.
Potassium sulfate fertilizer also contains 18% sulfur in sulfate form.

Sulfur is an important nutrient, just like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and is found in the structure of proteins in plants.
Potassium sulfate has benefits against plants.

Potassium deficiency is mostly seen in irrigated agriculture and rainy regions.
Potassium sulfate fertilizer should be given to sandy soils that are poor in organic matter.

Potassium sulfate is mostly used in potatoes, tobacco, vegetables, fruits, citrus fruits, legumes, corn, cotton, sugar beet and greenhouses.
If Potassium sulfate is not given in sufficient amount, yellow or reddish brown spots can be seen on the parts of the green leaves of the plants.

Potassium balances the acid-sugar ratio in the fruit, affects the coloring, increases the taste and odor, and minimizes the fruit drop problem.
Potassium sulfate provides increased endurance against frost and cold.

Applications of Potassium sulfate:
Potassium sulfate is used in gypsum cements, to make alum and glass, as a food additive, in fertilizers, as an accelerator in wallboard, as an expansion control agent for dental materials, as a medical and veterinary cathartic, and as a veterinary sulfate source.

Other Applications:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Abrasives
Planting agents
Surface treating agents

Uses of Potassium sulfate:
The dominant use of the Potassium sulfate compound can be given as a fertilizer.
Potassium sulfate does not comprise chloride, which can result in harmful to a few of the crops.

Potassium sulfate can be preferred for these crops, which include some fruits, vegetables, and tobacco.
Crops with less sensitivity can still require Potassium sulfate for optimal growth if the respective soil accumulates chloride from irrigation water.

The crude salt can also be used occasionally in glass manufacturing.
Potassium sulfate can be used as a flash reducer in artillery propellant charges.

Potassium sulfate also reduces flareback, muzzle flash, and blast overpressure.
Sometimes, Potassium sulfate can be used as an alternative blast media same as the soda in soda blasting because Potassium sulfate is harder and similarly water-soluble.
Potassium sulfate is also used in pyrotechnics in combination with potassium nitrate to further generate a purple flame.

Potassium sulfate is dominantly used as a fertilizer for crops which include tobacco, some vegetables, and fruits.
Potassium sulfate is used as a salt substitute.

Potassium sulfate is used in artillery propellant charges as a flash reducer.
Potassium sulfate is used in soda blasting.

Potassium sulfate is used as a supplement for animal feeds.
Potassium sulfate is used in the production of lubricants and dyes.

Potassium sulfate is used in the manufacturing of ceramics and glass.
Potassium sulfate is used in the production of gypsum boards.

Potassium sulfate is used to synthesize potassium aluminium sulfate.
Potassium sulfate is used to produce gypsum cement.
Potassium sulfate is used in explosives as a flash suppressant

The dominant use of Potassium sulfate is as a fertilizer.
Potassium sulfate does not contain chloride, which can be harmful to some crops.

Potassium sulfate is preferred for these crops, which include tobacco and some fruits and vegetables.
Crops that are less sensitive may still require Potassium sulfate for optimal growth if the soil accumulates chloride from irrigation water.

The crude salt is also used occasionally in the manufacture of glass.
Potassium sulfate is also used as a flash reducer in artillery propellant charges.

Potassium sulfate reduces muzzle flash, flareback and blast overpressure.
Potassium sulfate is sometimes used as an alternative blast media similar to soda in soda blasting as Potassium sulfate is harder and similarly water-soluble.

Potassium sulfate can also be used in pyrotechnics in combination with potassium nitrate to generate a purple flame.
A 5% solution of Potassium sulfate was used in the beginning of the 20th century as a topical mosquito repellent.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Potassium sulfate is used in the following products: fertilisers, plant protection products, washing & cleaning products and laboratory chemicals.
Potassium sulfate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Other release to the environment of Potassium sulfate is likely to occur from: outdoor use and indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Uses at industrial sites:
Potassium sulfate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, textile treatment products and dyes, leather treatment products and paper chemicals and dyes.
Potassium sulfate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Potassium sulfate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, mining and health services.
Potassium sulfate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).
Release to the environment of Potassium sulfate can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and industrial abrasion processing with high release rate (e.g. sanding operations or paint stripping by shot-blasting).

Industry Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Catalyst
Cleaning agent
Lubricating agent
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Propellants and blowing agents
Soil amendments (fertilizers)

Consumer Uses:
Potassium sulfate is used in the following products: fertilisers and plant protection products.
Other release to the environment of Potassium sulfate is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).

Other Consumer Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Soil amendments (fertilizers)

Agricultural Use:
Potassium is needed to complete many essential functions in plants, such as activating enzyme reactions, synthesizing proteins, forming starch and sugars, and regulating water flow in cells and leaves.
Often, concentrations of K in soil are too low to support healthy plant growth.

Potassium sulfate is an excellent source of K nutrition for plants.
The K portion of the Potassium sulfate is no different from other common potash fertilizers.

However, Potassium sulfate also supplies a valuable source of S, which protein synthesis and enzyme function require.
Like K, S can also be too deficient for adequate plant growth.

Further, Cl- additions should be avoided in certain soils and crops.
In such cases, Potassium sulfate makes a very suitable K source.

Potassium sulfate is only one-third as soluble as KCl, so Potassium sulfate’s not as commonly dissolved for addition through irrigation water unless there’s a need for additional S.

Several particle sizes are commonly available.
Manufacturers produce fine particles (smaller than 0.015 mm) to make solutions for irrigation or foliar sprays, since they dissolve more rapidly.
And growers find foliar spraying of Potassium sulfate a convenient way to apply additional K and S to plants, supplementing the nutrients taken up from the soil.

However, leaf damage can occur if the concentration is too high.

Management Practices:
Growers frequently use Potassium sulfate for crops where additional Cl — from more common KCl fertilizer — is undesirable.
The partial salt index of Potassium sulfate is lower than in some other common K fertilizers, so less total salinity is added per unit of K.

The salt measurement (EC) from a Potassium sulfate solution is less than a third of a similar concentration of a KCl solution (10 millimoles per liter).
Where high rates of Potassium sulfate are needed, agronomists generally recommend applying Potassium sulfate in multiple doses.
This helps avoid surplus K accumulation by the plant and also minimizes any potential salt damage.

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Cement Producing
Glass Manufacturing

Usage Areas of Potassium sulfate:
Potassium sulfate helps the plant to withstand drought, cold, heat, and disease and pests.
Potassium sulfate enables plants to use water economically.

Potassium sulfate is used in potatoes, tobacco, vegetables and fruits and improves their quality.
Potassium sulfate is beneficial to use Potassium sulfate in oily plants such as olive, sunflower, canola, peanut and soybean.

In addition, by increasing the quality of straw in cereals, Potassium sulfate prevents crop lying, which causes yield losses.
Potassium sulfate can be used in all kinds of agricultural production.

Product Types:

Sulphate of Potash (SOP) is recommended for chlorid non tolerant crops:
Sunflowers
Grape vines
Stone fruits
Blackcurrants
Seed potatoes
Potatoes for human consumption
Tomatoes
Radish
Kohirabi
Peas
Spinach
Carrots
Leek
Horse-radish
Chicory
Pineapple
Cucmber
Kiwifruit
Cofee
Tea
Starch potatoes for processing
Tobacco
Redcurrants
Gooseberry
Raspberry
Strawberry
Blackberry
Blueberry
Mango
Citrus
Pepper
Chilli
Avocado
Cashew
Almond
Peach
Cocoa
Hops
Pomes and stone
Fruits (especialy cherries)
Bush beans
Broad beans
Cucumber
Melon
Onion
Letucce
Early vegetables
All crops under glass
Conifers
Flowers and ornaments as well as seedings and transplants of most plants

Benefits of Potassium sulfate:
Potassium sulfate is the most common potash fertilizer, serving as an excellent source of potassium and chloride, Potassium sulfate is not appropriate in all settings.
As many are discovering, SOP not only improves yield and crop quality, but Potassium sulfate also presents a number of advantages:

Reduced Chlorides:
Chloride makes up a significant component of MOP.
While this is preferable for some crops, Potassium sulfate can be damaging to others that are sensitive to chlorides, such as some fruits, vegetables, and nuts.
Many chloride-sensitive crops fall into the high-value category, so optimizing quality and yield are especially critical.

Additionally, if MOP is added to soils already rich in chlorides, toxicity can occur.
When working with chloride-sensitive crops or chloride-rich soils, SOP provides an optimal solution, as Potassium sulfate is substantially lower in chlorides.

Added Sulfur:
In addition to potassium, Potassium sulfate also provides plant-available sulfur.
Sulfur deficiencies have become increasingly common in recent years, making products that include the secondary nutrient increasingly desirable.

Lower Salinity:
Potassium sulfate has a lower salt index than most potash fertilizers, making Potassium sulfate the preferred choice when soil salinity is a concern.

Action Mechanism of Potassium sulfate:
Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells.
The concentration differences of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential.

The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane.
The cell membrane potential created by potassium and sodium ions allows the cell generate an action potential—a "spike" of electrical discharge.

The ability of cells to produce electrical discharge is critical for body functions such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and heart function.
Potassium is also an essential mineral needed to regulate water balance, blood pressure and levels of acidity.

Structure and Properties of Potassium sulfate:
Two crystalline forms are known.
Orthorhombic β-K2SO4 is the common form, but Potassium sulfate converts to α-K2SO4 above 583 °C.
These structures are complex, although the sulfate adopts the typical tetrahedral geometry.

Potassium sulfate does not form a hydrate, unlike sodium sulfate.
The salt crystallizes as double six-sided pyramids, classified as rhombic.

They are transparent, very hard and have a bitter, salty taste.
The salt is soluble in water, but insoluble in solutions of potassium hydroxide, or in absolute ethanol.

Production of Potassium sulfate:
Approximately 1.5 million tons were produced in 1985, typically by the reaction of potassium chloride with sulfuric acid, analogous to the Mannheim process for producing sodium sulfate.

The process involves intermediate formation of potassium bisulfate, an exothermic reaction that occurs at room temperature:
KCl + H2SO4 → HCl + KHSO4

The second step of the process is endothermic, requiring energy input:
KCl + KHSO4 → HCl + K2SO4

Potassium is a relatively abundant element in the Earth’s crust, and production of potash fertilizer occurs in every inhabited continent.
However, Potassium sulfate is rarely found in a pure form in nature.
Instead Potassium sulfate is naturally mixed with salts containing magnesium, sodium and chloride (Mg, Na and Cl, respectively).

These minerals require additional processing to separate their components.
Historically, Potassium sulfate was made by reacting KCl with sulfuric acid.

However, researchers later discovered that they could manipulate a number of earth minerals to produce Potassium sulfate, now the most common method of production.
For example, natural K-containing minerals (such as kainite and schoenite) are mined and carefully rinsed with water and salt solutions to remove byproducts and produce Potassium sulfate.
The mining industry uses a similar process to harvest Potassium sulfate from the Great Salt Lake in Utah and from underground mineral deposits.

In New Mexico, Potassium sulfate is separated from langbeinite minerals by reacting Potassium sulfate with a solution of KCl, which removes the byproducts (such as Mg) and leaves Potassium sulfate.
Similar processing techniques are used in many parts of the world, depending on the raw materials accessible.

The steps followed to obtain Potassium sulfate are as follows:
Crushing the mineral langbeinite
Washing it
Extracting the mineral
Separating

Potassium sulfate is then treated with an aqueous solution of potassium chloride to separate the 2 parts of the double salt from each other.

Potassium sulfate compound can also be produced synthetically.
This is possible by treating potassium chloride with raw sulfuric acid.

Manufacturing Methods of Potassium sulfate:
Reaction of potassium chloride with langbeinite ore, schoenite obtained from kainite ore, or sodium sulfate (glaserite is an isolated intermediate); reaction of potassium chloride with sulfuric acid or sulfur dioxide, water and oxygen; recovery from sugar wastes

By treatment of potassium chloride either with sulfuric acid or with sulfur dioxide, air, & water (hargreaves process).
By fractional crystallization of natural sulfate ore; from salt lake brines.

The potassium salt of sulfuric acid.
First potash salt produced commercially in us from anything other than wood ashes.

Potassium sulfate was produced from alunite.
Sulfate has also been made from cement mill dust, langbeinite, & from muriate by treatment with sodium or magnesium sulfate or with sulfuric acid.

General Manufacturing Information of Potassium sulfate:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Explosives Manufacturing
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing

Natural Resources of Potassium sulfate:
The mineral form of Potassium sulfate, arcanite, is relatively rare.
Natural resources of Potassium sulfate are minerals abundant in the Stassfurt salt.
These are cocrystallizations of Potassium sulfate and sulfates of magnesium, calcium, and sodium.

Relevant minerals are:
Kainite, KMg(SO4)·Cl·3H2O
Schönite (now known as picromerite), K2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O
Leonite, K2SO4·MgSO4·4H2O
Langbeinite, K2Mg2(SO4)3
Aphthitalite (previously known as glaserite), K3Na(SO4)2
Polyhalite, K2SO4·MgSO4·2CaSO4·2H2O

The Potassium sulfate can be separated from some of these minerals, like kainite, because the corresponding salt is less soluble in water.
Kieserite, MgSO4·H2O, can be combined with a solution of potassium chloride to produce Potassium sulfate.

History of Potassium sulfate:
Potassium sulfate has been known since early in the 14th century.
Potassium sulfate was studied by Glauber, Boyle, and Tachenius.

In the 17th century, Potassium sulfate was named arcanuni or sal duplicatum, as Potassium sulfate was a combination of an acid salt with an alkaline salt.
Potassium sulfate was also known as vitriolic tartar and Glaser's salt or sal polychrestum Glaseri after the pharmaceutical chemist Christopher Glaser who prepared Potassium sulfate and used medicinally.

Known as arcanum duplicatum ("double secret") or panacea duplicata in pre-modern medicine, Potassium sulfate was prepared from the residue (caput mortuum) left over from the production of aqua fortis (nitric acid, HNO3) from nitre (potassium nitrate, KNO3) and oil of vitriol (sulphuric acid, H2SO4) via Glauber's process:
2 KNO3 + H2SO4 → 2 HNO3 + K2SO4

The residue was dissolved in hot water, filtered, and evaporated to a cuticle.
Potassium sulfate was then left to crystallise.
Potassium sulfate was used as a diuretic and sudorific.

According to Chambers's Cyclopedia, the recipe was purchased for five hundred thalers by Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp.
Schroder, the duke's physician, wrote wonders of Potassium sulfate great uses in hypochondriacal cases, continued and intermitting fevers, stone, scurvy, and more.

Reactions of Potassium sulfate:

Acidification:
Potassium hydrogen sulfate (also known as potassium bisulfate), KHSO4, is readily produced by reacting K2SO4 with sulfuric acid.
Potassium sulfate forms rhombic pyramids, which melt at 197 °C (387 °F).

Potassium sulfate dissolves in three parts of water at 0 °C (32 °F).
The solution behaves much as if Potassium sulfate two congeners, K2SO4 and H2SO4, were present side by side of each other uncombined; an excess of ethanol the precipitates normal sulfate (with little bisulfate) with excess acid remaining.

The behavior of the fused dry salt is similar when heated to several hundred degrees; Potassium sulfate acts on silicates, titanates, etc., the same way as sulfuric acid that is heated beyond Potassium sulfate natural boiling point does.
Hence Potassium sulfate is frequently used in analytical chemistry as a disintegrating agent.

Identifiers of Potassium sulfate:
CAS Number: 7778-80-5
ChEBI: CHEBI:32036
ChEMBL: ChEMBL2021424
ChemSpider: 22915
ECHA InfoCard: 100.029.013
EC Number: 231-915-5
E number: E515(i) (acidity regulators, ...)
KEGG: D01726 check
PubChem CID: 24507
RTECS number: TT5900000
UNII: 1K573LC5TV
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID6029701
InChI: InChI=1S/2K.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
Key: OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L check
InChI=1/2K.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
Key: OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-NUQVWONBAU
SMILES: [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O

CAS number: 7778-80-5
EC number: 231-915-5
Grade: ACS,ISO,Reag. Ph Eur
Hill Formula: K₂O₄S
Chemical formula: K₂SO₄
Molar Mass: 174.27 g/mol
HS Code: 3105 10 00
Quality Level: MQ300

Synonyms: Potassium sulfate
Linear Formula: K2SO4
CAS Number: 7778-80-5
Molecular Weight: 174.26

EC / List no.: 231-915-5
CAS no.: 7778-80-5
Mol. formula: K2O4S

Linear Formula: K2SO4
MDL Number: MFCD00011388
EC No.: 231-915-5
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 24507
IUPAC Name: DiPotassium sulfate
SMILES: [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/2K.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
InchI Key: OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L

CAS: 7778-80-5
Molecular Formula: K2O4S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 174.25
MDL Number: MFCD00011388
InChI Key: OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L
PubChem CID: 24507
ChEBI: CHEBI:32036
IUPAC Name: diPotassium sulfate
SMILES: [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O

Properties of Potassium sulfate:
Chemical formula: K2SO4
Molar mass: 174.259 g/mol
Appearance: White solid
Odor: odorless
Density: 2.66 g/cm3
Melting point: 1,069 °C (1,956 °F; 1,342 K)
Boiling point: 1,689 °C (3,072 °F; 1,962 K)
Solubility in water: 111 g/L (20 °C)
120 g/L (25 °C)
240 g/L (100 °C)
Solubility product (Ksp): 1.32 (120 g/L)
Solubility: slightly soluble in glycerol
insoluble in acetone, alcohol, CS2
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −67.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.495

Boiling point: 1689 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 2.662 g/cm3
Melting Point: 1067 °C
pH value: 7 (H₂O, 25 °C)
Bulk density: 800 kg/m3
Solubility: 111 g/l

CAS number: 7778-80-5
RTECS: TT5900000
Chemical Formula: K2SO4
Melting Point: 1069 ° C
Boiling Point: 1689 ° C
Appearance: Crystal structure (Orthorhombic)
Solubility: 111 g / L (20 ° C) -120 g / L (25 ° C) -240 g / L (100 ° C)
Density: 2.66 g / cm3

Compound Formula: K2O4S
Molecular Weight: 174.27
Appearance: White Powder
Melting Point: 1,069° C (1,956° F)
Boiling Point: 1,689° C (3,072° F)
Density: 2.66 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 173.879 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 173.879135 Da

Molecular Weight: 174.26
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 173.87914262
Monoisotopic Mass: 173.87914262
Topological Polar Surface Area: 88.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 62.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Potassium sulfate:
Assay (alkalimetric): ≥ 99.0 %
Insoluble matter: ≤ 0.01 %
pH-value (5 %; water, 25 °C): 5.5 - 7.5
Chloride (Cl): ≤ 0.0005 %
Total nitrogen (N): ≤ 0.0005 %
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 0.0005 %
As (Arsenic): ≤ 0.0002 %
Ca (Calcium): ≤ 0.005 %
Fe (Iron): ≤ 0.0005 %
Mg (Magnesium): ≤ 0.002 %
Na (Sodium): ≤ 0.02 %

Boiling Point: 1689°C
Melting Point: 1,067°C
Color: White
pH: 6 to 8
Physical Form: Solid
Quantity: 500 g
Assay Percent Range: ≥99 %
Formula Weight: 174.26
Percent Purity: ≥99%
Grade: Certified ACS
Identification: Pass Test
Packaging: Poly Bottle
Chemical Name or Material: Potassium sulfate

Related compounds of Potassium sulfate:
Potassium hydrogen sulfate
Potassium sulfite
Potassium bisulfite
Potassium persulfate

Other anions:
Potassium selenate
Potassium tellurate

Other cations:
Lithium sulfate
Sodium sulfate
Rubidium sulfate
Caesium sulfate

Names of Potassium sulfate:

Regulatory process names:
Potassium sulfate
Potassium sulfate
Potassium sulfate

CAS name:
Sulfuric acid potassium salt (1:2)

IUPAC names:
DiPotassium sulfate
dipottassium sulfate
K2SO4
Kaliumsulfat
not available
Potasio Sulfato
Potassium sulfate
C&L Inventory, Registration dossier
Potassium sulfate
Potassium sulfate (KCKK)
Potassium sulfate (KHSO4<1%)
Potassium sulfate (VMU)
POTASSIUM SULPHATE
Potassium Sulphate
Potassium SulphateSulphate of Potash
pottasium sulfate
Sels de potasse
SOP
Sulfuric acid dipotassium salt
Sulphate of Potash

Trade names:
ABS-P69
Acid Potassium sulfate
Arcanite
DiPotassium sulfate
diPotassium sulfate
Dipotassium sulphate
Extraits de vinasses
GSOP
HORTISUL
K2SO4
KALISOP
Kalium sulphuricum
Registration dossier
Kaliumsulfat
MagPlon NPK 5-9-18
MagPlon NPK z borem 5-9-23 + 0,1
MagPlon PK 11-24
Monopotassium hydrogen sulfate
MonoPotassium sulfate
Multi-SOP
Multi-SOP 0-0-51+42.5SO3
potash of sulfur
Potassium acid sulfate
Potassium bisulfate
Potassium bisulphate
Potassium hydrogen sulfate
Potassium hydrogensulphate
Potassium hydrosulfate (KHSO4)
Potassium sulfate
Potassium sulfate
Potassium sulfate soluble grade
Potassium Sulphate
Potassium sulphate
Potassium sulphate (technical grade)
Sels de potassium
soluSOP
SOP
SOP-3 MC
Sulfate of potash
Sulfato de potasa
Sulfato de potasio
Sulfuric acid dipotassium salt
Sulfuric acid potassium salt
sulfuric acid, potassium salt
Sulphate of Potash
Sulphate of potash
sulphate of potash
®. SOP

Other names:
Potassium sulfate
potassium sulphate
Sulfuric acid potassium salt (1:2)

Other identifier:
7778-80-5
POTASSIUM TARTRATE
SYNONYMS Potassium thiocyanide; Thiocyanic acid, potassium salt; Potassium sulfocyanate; Potassium isothiocyanate; KSCN; Potassium rhodanide; Kyonate; Potassium isothiocyanate CAS NO. 333-20-0
POTASSIUM THIOCYANATE
POTASSIUM THIOCYANATE, N° CAS : 333-20-0, Nom INCI : POTASSIUM THIOCYANATE, Nom chimique : Potassium thiocyanate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 206-370-1. Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent stabilisant : Améliore les ingrédients ou la stabilité de la formulation et la durée de conservation
POTASSIUM THIOGLYCOLATE
POTASSIUM THIOGLYCOLATE, N° CAS : 34452-51-2, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : POTASSIUM THIOGLYCOLATE, Nom chimique : Potassium mercaptoacetate, N° EINECS/ELINCS :252-038-4. Ses fonctions (INCI), Dépilatoire : Enlève les poils indésirables. Agent bouclant ou lissant (coiffant) : Modifie la structure chimique des cheveux, pour les coiffer dans le style requis
POTASSIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE Potassium Tripolyphosphate Solution Ca. is an odorless, colorless liquid. Potassium tripolyphosphate(KTPP) is mainly used in metal surface treatment, macroelement water soluble fertilizer, high complexation ability of metal ions. Pyrophosphate is able to form a stable complex with Ca2+ and Mg2+ in water, which can soften hard water, improved washability, removed dirt, and formed a protective layer on the surface of metal to enhance corrosion resistance. Widely used in industrial parts cleaning and metal pretreatment industry. Potassium tripolyphosphate(KTPP) solution is clarified without impurities and sediment characteristics, excellent stability, and no hydrolysis for 2 years. Reachthe international first-class standard. Potassium Tripolyphosphate solution (K5P3O10) is TongVo's hot sale products, which is used as a builder for soaps, detergents and especially liquid cleaning formulations. Potassium Tripolyphosphate solution Title: Potassium Tripolyphosphate solution Synonyms: pentapotassium triphosphate; potassium triphosphate; KTPP, Potassium Tripolyphosphate Formula: K5P3O10, Molecular: 301.03 CAS #: 13845-36-8, EC #: 237-574-9 Standard(s) of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: FCC V, Q/5749-2008 Grade of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: Technical grade, Low iron Potassium Tripolyphosphate solution Specifications ITEMS Low iron Technical grade of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Appearance of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Solid content of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Density of Potassium Tripolyphosphate g/ml Properties of Potassium tripolyphosphate Aqueous solution of Potassium tripolyphosphate is colorless clear liquid, relative density 1.55-1.6 g/cm3, It can chelate with alkaline metals ions or heavy metal ions Applications of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Potassium tripolyphosphate(KTPP) is mainly used in metal surface treatment, macroelement water soluble fertilizer, high complexation ability of metal ions. Potassium Tripolyphosphate is able to form a stable complex with Ca2+ and Mg2+ in water, which can soften hard water, improved washability, removed dirt, and formed a protective layer on the surface of metal to enhance corrosion resistance. Potassium Tripolyphosphate is Widely used in industrial parts cleaning and metal pretreatment industry. Potassium Tripolyphosphate(KTPP) solution is clarified without impurities and sediment characteristics, excellent stability, and no hydrolysis for 2 years. Reachthe international first-class standard. Storage & handling of Potassium Tripolyphosphate I Packed in 1200KG/IBC drum. Keep Potassium Tripolyphosphate in cool dry place. Air transportation: arranged as ordinary goods. Harzards Identification & Classifications: N/A Shelf life of Potassium Tripolyphosphate 12 months. DOCUMENTS MSDS / SDS (Anglais) Potassium Tripolyphosphate Solution Ca. (Anglais) Product description of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Molecular weight: 448 Chemical formula K5P3O10 Appearance clear liquid Application of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Potassium Tripolyphosphate is used in various applications. Some examples of applications of Potassium Tripolyphosphate are listed below. Used as/in: Treatment of metals Liquid cleaning agents Molecular Formula of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: K5O1P3 Molecular Weight of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: 448.403 g/mol Potassium Tripolyphosphate(KTPP) is mainly used in metal surface treatment, macroelement water soluble fertilizer, high complexation ability of metal ions. Pyrophosphate is able to form a stable complex with Ca2+ and Mg2+ in water, which can soften hard water, improved washability, removed dirt, and formed a protective layer on the surface of metal to enhance corrosion resistance. Widely used in industrial parts cleaning and metal pretreatment industry. Potassium tripolyphosphate(KTPP) solution is clarified without impurities and sediment characteristics, excellent stability, and no hydrolysis for 2 years. Reachthe international first-class standard. Potassium Tripolyphosphate solution (K5P3O10) is TongVo's hot sale products, which is used as a builder for soaps, detergents and especially liquid cleaning formulations. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STP, sometimes STPP or sodium triphosphate or TPP) is an inorganic compound with formula Na5P3O10. Potassium Tripolyphosphate is the sodium salt of the polyphosphate penta-anion, which is the conjugate base of triPhosphoric Acid.Sodium tripolyphosphate is produced by heating a stoichiometric mixture of Disodium phosphate, Na2HPO4, and Monosodium Phosphate, NaH2PO4, under carefully controlled conditions. Potassium Tripolyphosphate serve the food industry as multipurpose ingredients. Potassium Tripolyphosphate is most often used as emulsifiers, stabilisers and acidity regulators - mostly in cheese, meat products and powdered drink mixes. The food industry also adds Potassium Tripolyphosphate to fortify food with potassium, or, alternatively, to reduce its sodium content. Last but least,Potassium Tripolyphosphate can also be used as a gelling agent in instant puddings and desserts. Outside of the food industry, they are employed as a multipurpose dispersing agent in the technical sector. Potassium Tripolyphosphate ability to sequestrate metal cations is applied in water softening. The uses of Sodium tripolyphosphate also include using it as a preservative. Sodium Tripolyphosphate STPP can be used to preserve foods such as red meats, poultry, and seafood, helping them to retain their tenderness and moisture. Pet food and animal feed have been known to be treated with sodium triphosphate, serving the same general purpose as it does in human food. Saturated solution of potassium phosphate has the characteristics of clarification, no impurities and sediment, excellent stability, and no hydrolysis for 1 years. Widely used in metal surface treatment, such as industrial parts cleaning and metal pretreatment industry. 1:1 of TKPP & KTPP solution (K5P3O10) is TongVo's hot sale products, which is used as a builder for detergents and especially liquid cleaning formulations. Properties of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Aqueous solution of Potassium Tripolyphosphate is colorless clear liquid, relative density 1.55-1.6 g/cm3, Potassium Tripolyphosphate can chelate with alkaline metals ions or heavy metal ions Applications of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Potassium tripolyphosphate(KTPP) is mainly used in metal surface treatment, macroelement water soluble fertilizer, high complexation ability of metal ions. Pyrophosphate is able to form a stable complex with Ca2+ and Mg2+ in water, which can soften hard water, improved washability, removed dirt, and formed a protective layer on the surface of metal to enhance corrosion resistance. Widely used in industrial parts cleaning and metal pretreatment industry. Potassium tripolyphosphate(KTPP) solution is clarified without impurities and sediment characteristics, excellent stability, and no hydrolysis for 2 years. Reachthe international first-class standard. Storage & handling of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Packed in 1200KG/IBC drum. Keep in cool dry place. Air transportation of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: arranged as ordinary goods. Harzards Identification & Classifications: N/A Shelf life: 12 months. Grade: Technical grade, Low iron Specifications ASSAY (%) (Na5P3O10): 95 MIN APPEARANCE OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE: WHITE GRANULAR P2O5 (%)OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE : 57.0 MIN FLUORIDE OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE (PPM): 10MAX CADMIUM OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE(PPM): 1 MAX LEAD OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE(PPM): 4 MAX MERCURY OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE(PPM): 1 MAX ARSENIC OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE(PPM): 3 MAX HEAVY MENTAL OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE(AS PB) (PPM): 10 MAX CHLORIDES OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE(AS CL) (%): 0.025 MAX SULPHATES OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE(SO42-) (%): 0.4 MAX SUBSTANCES NOT DISSOLVED IN WATER (%): 0.05 MAX PH VALUE OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE (%): 9.5 - 10.0 LOSS ON DRYING OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE: 0.7% MAX HEXAHYDRATE OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE: 23.5% MAX WATER-INSOLUBLE SUBSTANCES OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE: 0.1% MAX HIGHER POLYPHOSPHATES OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE: 1% MAX Apparence of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: Clair solution Dosage of Potassium Tripolyphosphate(K5P3O10): 50.0% min Fe of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: 0.05% maximum (ou 0.0015% maximum) Métal lourd of Potassium Tripolyphosphate ( comme Pb): 0.001% max Assay of Potassium Tripolyphosphate(K5P3O10): 50.0%min Fe of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: 0.05% max (or 0.0015% max) Heavy metal of Potassium Tripolyphosphate(as Pb): 0.001% max As of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: 0.0003% max pH of Potassium Tripolyphosphate(1%sol.): 10.5+-0.5 Comme of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: 0.0003% max PH of Potassium Tripolyphosphate (1% sol.): 10.5 +-0.5 Properties of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: Potassium tripolyphosphate (KTPP) solution is used as an alkali source and as a general sequestrant and dispersant in liquid detergent products. Potassium Tripolyphosphate is highly soluble in aqueous solutions with excellent dispersion properties. Potassium Tripolyphosphate has excellent chelating ability and can form stable chelates with Ca2+ and Mg2+ in hard water so as to soften hard water, increase cleaning ability, and remove dirt. The white precipitate formed from adding 13mL of 1% calcium nitrate solution into 100 mL of 1% potassium tripolyphosphate solution can be rapidly chelated to produce a clear solution. Potassium Tripolyphosphate (7758-29-4) is white granules. Storage: Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Waste Disposal: Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations. Applications: solution is suitable for use in any solution product where a solid KTPP product is dissolve during use. It can form a protective film on the surface of iron, lead, zine, and other metals so as to prevent surface corroding. P2O74- has a strong dispersion ability to disperse finely distributed solid particles so that these fine and trace materials can mix evenly. Potassium Tripolyphosphate has stable pH buffering ability and keep solution pH value unchanged for a long time. Potassium Tripolyphosphate is used as a builder for soaps, detergents and especially liquid cleaning formulations. Potassium tripolyphosphate Appearance: Clear solution Package: 320Kgs in 200L plastic drum, or 1500Kgs in IBCs. Other Information: (IUPAC): Atomic Weights of the Elements 2009 (IUPAC): Atomic Weights of the Elements 2009 (IUPAC): Periodic Table of the Elements Potential Uses: buffering agents, chelating agents Occurrence (nature, food, other):note, not found in nature Physical Properties: Appearance: white powder (est) Assay: 85.00 to 100.00 Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No Soluble in: water Prepared at the 26th JECFA (1982), published in FNP 25 (1982) and in FNP 52 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at the 61st JECFA (2003). No ADI was established, but a group MTDI of 70 mg/kg bw, expressed as phosphorus from all food sources, was established at the 26th JECFA (1982). DEFINITION: A heterogeneous mixture of potassium salts of linear condensed polyphosphoric acids of general formula Hn+2PnO3n+1 where "n" is not less than 2 Chemical names Potassium metaphosphate, potassium polymetaphosphate, potassium polyphosphate Assay: Not less than 53.5% and not more than 61.5% of P2O5 on the ignited basis DESCRIPTION: Odourless, colourless or white glassy masses, fragments, crystals or powder FUNCTIONAL USES: Emulsifier, moisture-retaining agent, sequestrant, texturizer Solubility (Vol. 4): 1 g dissolves in 100 ml of a 1 in 25 soln of sodium acetate Gel formation Finely powder about 1 g of the sample, and add it slowly to 100 ml of a 1 in 50 solution of sodium chloride while stirring vigorously. A gelatinous mass is formed. Test for potassium (Vol. 4) Mix 0.5 g of the sample with 10 ml of nitric acid and 50 ml of water, boil for about 30 min, and cool. The resulting solution is used for the test. Test for phosphate (Vol. 4) Mix 0.5 g of the sample with 10 ml of nitric acid and 50 ml of water, boil for about 30 min and cool. The resulting solution is used for the test PURITY : Loss on ignition (Vol. 4) Not more than 2 % after drying (105o, 4 h) followed by ignition at 550o for 30 min Cyclic phosphate (Vol. 4) Not more than 8.0% Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg. Arsenic (Vol. 4) Not more than 3 mg/kg (Method II). Lead (Vol. 4) Not more than 4 mg/kg. Determine using an atomic absorption technique appropriate to the specified level. The selection of sample size and method of sample preparation may be based on the principles of the method described in Volume 4, "Instrumental Methods." PURITY TESTS: Fluoride Place 5 g of the sample, 25 ml of water, 50 ml of perchloric acid, 5 drops of silver nitrate solution (1 in 2), and a few glass beads in a 250-ml distilling flask connected with a condenser and carrying a thermometer and capillary tube, both of which must extend into the liquid. Connect a small dropping funnel, filled with water, or a steam generator to the capillary tube. Support the flask on an asbestos mat with a hole which exposes about one-third of the flask to the flame. Distil into a 250-ml flask until the temperature reaches 135o. Add water from the funnel or introduce steam through the capillary to maintain the temperature between 135o and 140o. Continue the distillation until 225-240 ml has been collected, then dilute to 250 ml with water, and mix. Place a 50-ml aliquot of this solution in a 100-ml Nessler tube. In another similar Nessler tube place 50 ml of water as a control. Add to each tube 0.1 ml of filtered solution of sodium alizarinsulfonate (1 in 1,000) and 1 ml of freshly prepared hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution (1 in 4,000), and mix well. Add, dropwise, and with stirring, 0.05 N sodium hydroxide to the tube containing the distillate until its colour just matches that of the control, which is faintly pink. Then add to each tube exactly 1 ml of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, and mix well. From a buret, graduated in 0.05-ml, add slowly to the tube containing the distillate enough thorium nitrate solution (1 in 4,000) so that, after mixing, the colour of the liquid just changes to a faint pink. Note the volume of the solution added, add exactly the same volume to the control, and mix. Now add to the control sodium fluoride TS (10 µg F per ml) from a buret to make the colours of the two tubes match after dilution to the same volume. Mix well, and allow all air bubbles to escape before making the final colour comparison. Check the end-point by adding 1 or 2 drops of sodium fluoride TS to the control. A distinct change in colour should take place. Note the volume of sodium fluoride added. The volume of sodium fluoride TS required for the control solution should not exceed 1.0 ml. METHOD OF ASSAY: Mix about 300 mg of the sample, accurately weighed, with 15 ml of nitric acid and 30 ml of water, boil for 30 min, and dilute with water to about 100 ml. Heat at 60o, add an excess of ammonium molybdate TS, and heat at 50o for 30 min. Filter, and wash the precipitate with dilute nitric acid (1 in 36 soln), followed by potassium nitrate solution (1 in 100 soln) until the filtrate is no longer acid to litmus. Dissolve the precipitate in 50 ml of 1 N sodium hydroxide, add phenolphthalein TS, and titrate the excess sodium hydroxide with 1 N sulfuric acid. Each ml of 1 N sodium hydroxide is equivalent to 3.086 mg of P2O5. Potassium Tripolyphosphate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. Potassium Tripolyphosphate Solution Ca. is an odorless, colorless liquid. Potassium tripolyphosphate(KTPP) is mainly used in metal surface treatment, macroelement water soluble fertilizer, high complexation ability of metal ions. Pyrophosphate is able to form a stable complex with Ca2+ and Mg2+ in water, which can soften hard water, improved washability, removed dirt, and formed a protective layer on the surface of metal to enhance corrosion resistance. Widely used in industrial parts cleaning and metal pretreatment industry. Potassium tripolyphosphate(KTPP) solution is clarified without impurities and sediment characteristics, excellent stability, and no hydrolysis for 2 years. Reachthe international first-class standard. Potassium Tripolyphosphate solution (K5P3O10) is TongVo's hot sale products, which is used as a builder for soaps, detergents and especially liquid cleaning formulations. Potassium Tripolyphosphate solution Title: Potassium Tripolyphosphate solution Synonyms: pentapotassium triphosphate; potassium triphosphate; KTPP, Potassium Tripolyphosphate Formula: K5P3O10, Molecular: 301.03 CAS #: 13845-36-8, EC #: 237-574-9 Standard(s) of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: FCC V, Q/5749-2008 Grade of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: Technical grade, Low iron Potassium Tripolyphosphate solution Specifications ITEMS Low iron Technical grade of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Appearance of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Solid content of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Density of Potassium Tripolyphosphate g/ml Properties of Potassium tripolyphosphate Aqueous solution of Potassium tripolyphosphate is colorless clear liquid, relative density 1.55-1.6 g/cm3, It can chelate with alkaline metals ions or heavy metal ions Applications of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Potassium tripolyphosphate(KTPP) is mainly used in metal surface treatment, macroelement water soluble fertilizer, high complexation ability of metal ions. Potassium Tripolyphosphate is able to form a stable complex with Ca2+ and Mg2+ in water, which can soften hard water, improved washability, removed dirt, and formed a protective layer on the surface of metal to enhance corrosion resistance. Potassium Tripolyphosphate is Widely used in industrial parts cleaning and metal pretreatment industry. Potassium Tripolyphosphate(KTPP) solution is clarified without impurities and sediment characteristics, excellent stability, and no hydrolysis for 2 years. Reachthe international first-class standard. Storage & handling of Potassium Tripolyphosphate I Packed in 1200KG/IBC drum. Keep Potassium Tripolyphosphate in cool dry place. Air transportation: arranged as ordinary goods. Harzards Identification & Classifications: N/A Shelf life of Potassium Tripolyphosphate 12 months. DOCUMENTS MSDS / SDS (Anglais) Potassium Tripolyphosphate Solution Ca. (Anglais) Product description of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Molecular weight: 448 Chemical formula K5P3O10 Appearance clear liquid Application of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Potassium Tripolyphosphate is used in various applications. Some examples of applications of Potassium Tripolyphosphate are listed below. Used as/in: Treatment of metals Liquid cleaning agents Molecular Formula of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: K5O1P3 Molecular Weight of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: 448.403 g/mol Potassium Tripolyphosphate(KTPP) is mainly used in metal surface treatment, macroelement water soluble fertilizer, high complexation ability of metal ions. Pyrophosphate is able to form a stable complex with Ca2+ and Mg2+ in water, which can soften hard water, improved washability, removed dirt, and formed a protective layer on the surface of metal to enhance corrosion resistance. Widely used in industrial parts cleaning and metal pretreatment industry. Potassium tripolyphosphate(KTPP) solution is clarified without impurities and sediment characteristics, excellent stability, and no hydrolysis for 2 years. Reachthe international first-class standard. Potassium Tripolyphosphate solution (K5P3O10) is TongVo's hot sale products, which is used as a builder for soaps, detergents and especially liquid cleaning formulations. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STP, sometimes STPP or sodium triphosphate or TPP) is an inorganic compound with formula Na5P3O10. Potassium Tripolyphosphate is the sodium salt of the polyphosphate penta-anion, which is the conjugate base of triPhosphoric Acid.Sodium tripolyphosphate is produced by heating a stoichiometric mixture of Disodium phosphate, Na2HPO4, and Monosodium Phosphate, NaH2PO4, under carefully controlled conditions. Potassium Tripolyphosphate serve the food industry as multipurpose ingredients. Potassium Tripolyphosphate is most often used as emulsifiers, stabilisers and acidity regulators - mostly in cheese, meat products and powdered drink mixes. The food industry also adds Potassium Tripolyphosphate to fortify food with potassium, or, alternatively, to reduce its sodium content. Last but least,Potassium Tripolyphosphate can also be used as a gelling agent in instant puddings and desserts. Outside of the food industry, they are employed as a multipurpose dispersing agent in the technical sector. Potassium Tripolyphosphate ability to sequestrate metal cations is applied in water softening. The uses of Sodium tripolyphosphate also include using it as a preservative. Sodium Tripolyphosphate STPP can be used to preserve foods such as red meats, poultry, and seafood, helping them to retain their tenderness and moisture. Pet food and animal feed have been known to be treated with sodium triphosphate, serving the same general purpose as it does in human food. Saturated solution of potassium phosphate has the characteristics of clarification, no impurities and sediment, excellent stability, and no hydrolysis for 1 years. Widely used in metal surface treatment, such as industrial parts cleaning and metal pretreatment industry. 1:1 of TKPP & KTPP solution (K5P3O10) is TongVo's hot sale products, which is used as a builder for detergents and especially liquid cleaning formulations. Properties of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Aqueous solution of Potassium Tripolyphosphate is colorless clear liquid, relative density 1.55-1.6 g/cm3, Potassium Tripolyphosphate can chelate with alkaline metals ions or heavy metal ions Applications of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Potassium tripolyphosphate(KTPP) is mainly used in metal surface treatment, macroelement water soluble fertilizer, high complexation ability of metal ions. Pyrophosphate is able to form a stable complex with Ca2+ and Mg2+ in water, which can soften hard water, improved washability, removed dirt, and formed a protective layer on the surface of metal to enhance corrosion resistance. Widely used in industrial parts cleaning and metal pretreatment industry. Potassium tripolyphosphate(KTPP) solution is clarified without impurities and sediment characteristics, excellent stability, and no hydrolysis for 2 years. Reachthe international first-class standard. Storage & handling of Potassium Tripolyphosphate Packed in 1200KG/IBC drum. Keep in cool dry place. Air transportation of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: arranged as ordinary goods. Harzards Identification & Classifications: N/A Shelf life: 12 months. Grade: Technical grade, Low iron Specifications ASSAY (%) (Na5P3O10): 95 MIN APPEARANCE OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE: WHITE GRANULAR P2O5 (%)OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE : 57.0 MIN FLUORIDE OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE (PPM): 10MAX CADMIUM OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE(PPM): 1 MAX LEAD OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE(PPM): 4 MAX MERCURY OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE(PPM): 1 MAX ARSENIC OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE(PPM): 3 MAX HEAVY MENTAL OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE(AS PB) (PPM): 10 MAX CHLORIDES OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE(AS CL) (%): 0.025 MAX SULPHATES OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE(SO42-) (%): 0.4 MAX SUBSTANCES NOT DISSOLVED IN WATER (%): 0.05 MAX PH VALUE OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE (%): 9.5 - 10.0 LOSS ON DRYING OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE: 0.7% MAX HEXAHYDRATE OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE: 23.5% MAX WATER-INSOLUBLE SUBSTANCES OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE: 0.1% MAX HIGHER POLYPHOSPHATES OF POTASSİUM TRİPOLYPHOSPHATE: 1% MAX Apparence of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: Clair solution Dosage of Potassium Tripolyphosphate(K5P3O10): 50.0% min Fe of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: 0.05% maximum (ou 0.0015% maximum) Métal lourd of Potassium Tripolyphosphate ( comme Pb): 0.001% max Assay of Potassium Tripolyphosphate(K5P3O10): 50.0%min Fe of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: 0.05% max (or 0.0015% max) Heavy metal of Potassium Tripolyphosphate(as Pb): 0.001% max As of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: 0.0003% max pH of Potassium Tripolyphosphate(1%sol.): 10.5+-0.5 Comme of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: 0.0003% max PH of Potassium Tripolyphosphate (1% sol.): 10.5 +-0.5 Properties of Potassium Tripolyphosphate: Potassium tripolyphosphate (KTPP) solution is used as an alkali source and as a general sequestrant and dispersant in liquid detergent products. Potassium Tripolyphosphate is highly soluble in aqueous solutions with excellent dispersion properties. Potassium Tripolyphosphate has excellent chelating ability and can form stable chelates with Ca2+ and Mg2+ in hard water so as to soften hard water, increase cleaning ability, and remove dirt. The white precipitate formed from adding 13mL of 1% calcium nitrate solution into 100 mL of 1% potassium tripolyphosphate solution can be rapidly chelated to produce a clear solution. Potassium Tripolyphosphate (7758-29-4) is white granules. Storage: Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Waste Disposal: Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations. Applications: solution is suitable for use in any solution product where a solid KTPP product is dissolve during use. It can form a protective film on the surface of iron, lead, zine, and other metals so as to prevent surface corroding. P2O74- has a strong dispersion ability to disperse finely distributed solid particles so that these fine and trace materials can mix evenly. Potassium Tripolyphosphate has stable pH buffering ability and keep solution pH value unchanged for a long time. Potassium Tripolyphosphate is used as a builder for soaps, detergents and especially liquid cleaning formulations. Potassium tripolyphosphate Appearance: Clear solution Package: 320Kgs in 200L plastic drum, or 1500Kgs in IBCs. Other Information: (IUPAC): Atomic Weights of the Elements 2009 (IUPAC): Atomic Weights of the Elements 2009 (IUPAC): Periodic Table of the Elements Potential Uses: buffering agents, chelating agents Occurrence (nature, food, other):note, not found in nature Physical Properties: Appearance: white powder (est) Assay: 85.00 to 100.00 Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No Soluble in: water Prepared at the 26th JECFA (1982), published in FNP 25 (1982) and in FNP 52 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at the 61st JECFA (2003). No ADI was established, but a group MTDI of 70 mg/kg bw, expressed as phosphorus from all food sources, was established at the 26th JECFA (1982). DEFINITION: A heterogeneous mixture of potassium salts of linear condensed polyphosphoric acids of general formula Hn+2PnO3n+1 where "n" is not less than 2 Chemical names Potassium metaphosphate, potassium polymetaphosphate, potassium polyphosphate Assay: Not less than 53.5% and not more than 61.5% of P2O5 on the ignited basis DESCRIPTION: Odourless, colourless or white glassy masses, fragments, crystals or powder FUNCTIONAL USES: Emulsifier, moisture-retaining agent, sequestrant, texturizer Solubility (Vol. 4): 1 g dissolves in 100 ml of a 1 in 25 soln of sodium acetate Gel formation Finely powder about 1 g of the sample, and add it slowly to 100 ml of a 1 in 50 solution of sodium chloride while stirring vigorously. A gelatinous mass is formed. Test for potassium (Vol. 4) Mix 0.5 g of the sample with 10 ml of nitric acid and 50 ml of water, boil for about 30 min, and cool. The resulting solution is used for the test. Test for phosphate (Vol. 4) Mix 0.5 g of the sample with 10 ml of nitric acid and 50 ml of water, boil for about 30 min and cool. The resulting solution is used for the test PURITY : Loss on ignition (Vol. 4) Not more than 2 % after drying (105o, 4 h) followed by ignition at 550o for 30 min Cyclic phosphate (Vol. 4) Not more than 8.0% Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg. Arsenic (Vol. 4) Not more than 3 mg/kg (Method II). Lead (Vol. 4) Not more than 4 mg/kg. Determine using an atomic absorption technique appropriate to the specified level. The selection of sample size and method of sample preparation may be based on the principles of the method described in Volume 4, "Instrumental Methods." PURITY TESTS: Fluoride Place 5 g of the sample, 25 ml of water, 50 ml of perchloric acid, 5 drops of silver nitrate solution (1 in 2), and a few glass beads in a 250-ml distilling flask connected with a condenser and carrying a thermometer and capillary tube, both of which must extend into the liquid. Connect a small dropping funnel, filled with water, or a steam generator to the capillary tube. Support the flask on an asbestos mat with a hole which exposes about one-third of the flask to the flame. Distil into a 250-ml flask until the temperature reaches 135o. Add water from the funnel or introduce steam through the capillary to maintain the temperature between 135o and 140o. Continue the distillation until 225-240 ml has been collected, then dilute to 250 ml with water, and mix. Place a 50-ml aliquot of this solution in a 100-ml Nessler tube. In another similar Nessler tube place 50 ml of water as a control. Add to each tube 0.1 ml of filtered solution of sodium alizarinsulfonate (1 in 1,000) and 1 ml of freshly prepared hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution (1 in 4,000), and mix well. Add, dropwise, and with stirring, 0.05 N sodium hydroxide to the tube containing the distillate until its colour just matches that of the control, which is faintly pink. Then add to each tube exactly 1 ml of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, and mix well. From a buret, graduated in 0.05-ml, add slowly to the tube containing the distillate enough thorium nitrate solution (1 in 4,000) so that, after mixing, the colour of the liquid just changes to a faint pink. Note the volume of the solution added, add exactly the same volume to the control, and mix. Now add to the control sodium fluoride TS (10 µg F per ml) from a buret to make the colours of the two tubes match after dilution to the same volume. Mix well, and allow all air bubbles to escape before making the final colour comparison. Check the end-point by adding 1 or 2 drops of sodium fluoride TS to the control. A distinct change in colour should take place. Note the volume of sodium fluoride added. The volume of sodium fluoride TS required for the control solution should not exceed 1.0 ml. METHOD OF ASSAY: Mix about 300 mg of the sample, accurately weighed, with 15 ml of nitric acid and 30 ml of water, boil for 30 min, and dilute with water to about 100 ml. Heat at 60o, add an excess of ammonium molybdate TS, and heat at 50o for 30 min. Filter, and wash the precipitate with dilute nitric acid (1 in 36 soln), followed by potassium nitrate solution (1 in 100 soln) until the filtrate is no longer acid to litmus. Dissolve the precipitate in 50 ml of 1 N sodium hydroxide, add phenolphthalein TS, and titrate the excess sodium hydroxide with 1 N sulfuric acid. Each ml of 1 N sodium hydroxide is equivalent to 3.086 mg of P2O5. Potassium Tripolyphosphate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevan
POTASSIUMTRIPOLYPHOSPHATE-GRANULE
Potassium tripolyphosphate 50%; KTPP %50; pentapotassium triphosphate %50 cas no: 13845-36-8
POTASSIUMTRIPOLYPHOSPHATE-LIQUID
Acetic acid, potassium salt; Diuretic Salt; Octan draselny CAS NO: 127-08-2
Potassium Acetate
Benzoate of potash; Potassium salt of benzoic acid; benzoic acid, potassium salt; Potassium salt of Benzenecarboxylic acid; Potassium salt of Phenylcarboxylic acid CAS NO: 582-25-2
Potassium Benzoate
Benzoate of potash; Potassium salt of benzoic acid; benzoic acid, potassium salt; Potassium salt of Benzenecarboxylic acid; Potassium salt of Phenylcarboxylic acid CAS NO: 582-25-2
Potassium benzoate (E212) ( Benzoate de potassium)
Potassium hydrogen carbonate; Carbonic acid, monopotassium salt; Potassium acid carbonate CAS NO:298-14-6
Potassium Bicarbonate
SYNONYMS Bromide of potassium; tripotassium tribromide; Hydrobromic Acid Potassium Salt; Bromide Salt of Potassium; CAS NO. 7758-02-3
Potassium Bromide
Potash; Salt of Tartar; Carbonic acid, Dipotassium salt; Potassium carbonate (2:1); Kaliumcarbonat; Pearl ash CAS NO:584-08-7
Potassium Carbonate
SYNONYMS Potassium muriate; Dipotassium dichloride; Potassium monochloride; potash muriate; chloropotassuril; kalcorid; kalitabs; potavescent; rekawan; chlorovescent; k-contin; peter-kal; Chlorure de potassium; SPAN-K; Super K; Cas no: 7447-40-7
Potassium Cocoate
coco fatty acids potassium salts cocoa fatty acids, potassium salts coconut acid potassium salt coconut fatty acid, potassium salt coconut fatty acids, potassium salt coconut oil acids, potassium salt coconut oil fatty acid, potassium salt coconut oil fatty acids, potassium salt coconut oil potassium soap coconut oil, potassium salts coconut oil, potassoum salt fatty acids, coco, potassium salts fatty acids, coconut oil, potassium salts potassium coconut soap potassum salt of coconut acid soap, potassium coconutCAS Number 61789-30-8
Potassium cumène sulfonate
SYNONYMS Hydrocyanic acid, potassium salt Cyanide of Potassium; Potassium Salt of Hydrocyanic Acid; CAS NO. 151-50-8
Potassium cyanide
KF; Fluorure de potassium; Potassium fluorure; Potassium flroride anhydrous; potassium fluoride spray dried; Potassium fluoride 99% CAS NO: 7789-23-3
Potassium Ferricyanide
Bromide of potassium; tripotassium tribromide; Hydrobromic Acid Potassium Salt; Bromide Salt of Potassium; BROMIDE BROMATE; Bromidesalt of potassium; BROMINE; BROMINE CONCENTRATE; BROMINE LIQUID; BROMINE TS; BROMINE WATER; BROMINE WATER, SATURATED; KALII BROMIDUM; KOPPESCHARR'S SOLUTION; POTASSIUM BROMIDE; POTASSIUM BROMIDE, APHA FOR HG; POTASSIUM BROMIDE SALINE; bromuredepotassium CAS NO:7758-02-3
Potassium Ferrocyanide
Potash; Salt of Tartar; Carbonic acid, Dipotassium salt; Potassium carbonate (2:1); Kaliumcarbonat; Pearl ash; cas no : 584-08-7
Potassium Fluoborate
Potash; Salt of Tartar; Carbonic acid, Dipotassium salt; Potassium carbonate (2:1); Kaliumcarbonat; Pearl ash; K2CO3; K-Gran; POTASH; PEARL ASH; Pearl dust; Sal absinthii; Kaliumcarbonat; SALT OF TARTAR; alt of wormwood; Montreal potash CAS NO:584-08-7
Potassium Fluoride
Potassium formate; mravencandraselny;formatedepotassium;Potassium Formagte;Potassiumformate,99%;Formic acid potassium;Potassium formate 98% CAS NO: 590-29-4
Potassium Fluorozirconate
Potash Chlorate; Chloric Acid, Potassium Salt; Berthollet salt; Chlorate of Potash; cas no: 3811-04-9
Potassium Formate
Monopotassium persulfate; Potassium hydrogen peroxomonosulfate; Monopotassium peroxymonosulfate; potassium monopersulfate triple salt; Potassium sulfodioxidanide; Peroxosulfic acid O-potassium salt; Potassium (hydroperoxysulfonyl)oxidanide; potassium peroxymonosulfuric acid CAS NO:10058-23-8
Potassium Hydrogen Peroxomonosulfate
Potassium hydrate; Caustic potash; Lye; potassa; Hydroxyde De Potassium; Potasse Caustique; Kaliumhydroxid; Kaliumhydroxyde; Potassa; Potassio Idrossido Di; K(OH) CAS NO:1310-58-3
Potassium Hydroxide
potassium hydroxide; Potassium hydrate; Caustic potash; Lye; potassa; Hydroxyde De Potassium; Potasse Caustique; Kaliumhydroxid; Kaliumhydroxyde; Potassa; Potassio Idrossido Di; K(OH); cas no: 1310-58-3
potassium isopentyl dithiocarbonate
potassıum lignosulfonate; Potassium Lignin Sulfonate; Lignosulfonic acid; potassium salt cas no: 37314-65-1
potassium lignosulfonate
potassium permanganate; Permanganic acid, potassium salt; C.I. 77755; Chameleon mineral; Condy's crystals; Kaliumpermanganat; Permanganate de potassium; Permanganate of potash; Permanganato potasico; Potassio (permanganato di); Potassium (permanganate de); Potassium manganate (Ⅶ) cas no: 7722-64-7
Potassium Metabisulfite
Potassium Metabisulfite; Dipotassium Disulfite; Disulfurous acid, Dipotassium salt; Dipotassium disulphite; Dikaliumdisulfit; Disulfito de dipotasio; Disulfite de dipotassium; Potassium pyrosulfite; Pyrosulfurous acid, dipotassium salt; cas no: 16731-55-8
POTASSİUM OLEATE

Potassium oleate is the potassium salt of oleic acid. Oleic acid is a fatty acid that belongs to the omega-9 family and is commonly found in various vegetable oils, particularly olive oil.
When oleic acid reacts with potassium hydroxide (KOH), the resulting compound is potassium oleate.
Potassium Oleate is a potassium salt derived from oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid.
Potassium oleate is formed by the reaction of oleic acid with potassium hydroxide.

CAS Number: 143-18-0
EC Number: 205-594-7



APPLICATIONS


Potassium Oleate is widely used in the production of liquid soaps, contributing to their cleansing and foaming properties.
In shampoo formulations, Potassium Oleate serves as a surfactant, aiding in the removal of dirt and oils from the hair.
Potassium oleate is a key ingredient in bath products, such as shower gels and bubble baths, providing a mild and effective cleansing experience.

Potassium Oleate finds application in the formulation of facial cleansers and body washes, offering gentle and skin-friendly cleansing.
Potassium oleate is utilized in the creation of environmentally friendly and biodegradable cleaning products.
Potassium Oleate is incorporated into industrial cleaning formulations for its emulsifying and detergent properties.
In metalworking fluids, Potassium Oleate acts as a lubricant, improving the efficiency of cutting and machining processes.

Potassium oleate is employed in the production of textile auxiliaries, contributing to the removal of impurities from fabrics.
Potassium Oleate is used in the cosmetics industry for its emulsifying capabilities in the formulation of creams and lotions.
Potassium oleate is a key ingredient in the creation of paint and coating formulations, aiding in pigment dispersion.

In pharmaceuticals, Potassium Oleate may be utilized as a stabilizing agent in certain formulations.
Potassium Oleate is incorporated into agricultural formulations for its emulsifying properties in pesticide and herbicide products.
Potassium oleate is utilized in the creation of leather and textile finishing agents, contributing to the softness and appearance of materials.
Potassium Oleate can be found in the formulation of ink and printing products, helping disperse pigments uniformly.

Potassium oleate is used in the creation of emulsions in the food industry, particularly in the formulation of certain food additives.
Potassium Oleate serves as a dispersing agent in the production of specialty chemicals and industrial products.
Potassium oleate finds application in the manufacturing of polymeric materials, contributing to their processing and stability.

Potassium Oleate may be used in the formulation of certain pharmaceutical creams and ointments.
Potassium oleate is employed in the creation of metal cleaning agents, aiding in the removal of oils and residues.
In the construction industry, Potassium Oleate is utilized in the formulation of coatings and sealants.

Potassium oleate contributes to the stability of certain cosmetic formulations, such as foundations and sunscreens.
Potassium Oleate is incorporated into cutting fluids used in machining processes to enhance lubrication.
Potassium oleate plays a role in the production of pet care products, such as shampoos and grooming solutions.

Potassium Oleate is utilized in the creation of specialty industrial products, including anti-corrosion agents.
Potassium oleate's versatile properties make it a valuable ingredient in a range of applications, from personal care to industrial processes.

Potassium Oleate is an essential component in the formulation of facial cleansers, aiding in the gentle removal of makeup and impurities.
Potassium oleate is used in the creation of bath oils and body scrubs, contributing to the overall skincare experience.
Potassium Oleate is a common ingredient in hand soaps, providing effective cleansing while maintaining skin softness.

Potassium oleate finds application in the formulation of dishwashing liquids, enhancing their grease-cutting abilities.
In the textile industry, Potassium Oleate is utilized in fabric softeners for its emollient properties.
Potassium oleate is added to certain industrial degreasers to improve their efficacy in removing oils and contaminants.

Potassium Oleate serves as a stabilizing agent in the formulation of emulsifiable concentrates in agrochemicals.
Potassium oleate is employed in the creation of hair conditioners, contributing to detangling and softening effects.

Potassium oleate finds use in the production of lubricants for metalworking processes, aiding in the reduction of friction.
Potassium Oleate is utilized in the formulation of leather cleaners and conditioners for its cleansing and softening properties.
Potassium oleate is incorporated into printing ink formulations to assist in pigment dispersion and print quality.
Potassium oleate is added to certain adhesive formulations to improve their bonding capabilities.

In the paper industry, Potassium Oleate may be used in the sizing process to enhance paper strength and quality.
Potassium oleate is utilized in the formulation of certain cosmetic creams and lotions, providing a smooth and spreadable texture.
Potassium Oleate is found in the composition of certain paint strippers, aiding in the removal of paint coatings.

Potassium oleate serves as a key ingredient in the creation of cutting oils for metalworking applications.
Potassium oleate is utilized in the formulation of anti-fogging agents for use in eyeglasses and mirrors.

Potassium Oleate finds application in the creation of rust inhibitors for metal surfaces.
Potassium oleate is employed in the formulation of certain hair dyes and coloring products.

Potassium Oleate may be used in the creation of mold release agents for plastic and rubber manufacturing.
Potassium oleate is found in certain cosmetic and skincare formulations for its emulsifying and stabilizing properties.
Potassium oleate contributes to the production of certain types of adhesives used in woodworking and construction.

Potassium Oleate is added to certain industrial cleaning agents for its ability to solubilize oils and greases.
Potassium oleate plays a role in the creation of drilling fluids for oil and gas exploration.
Potassium Oleate is utilized in the formulation of inkjet printer inks for its dispersing properties and print quality enhancement.

Potassium Oleate is employed in the formulation of rust preventatives and coatings to protect metal surfaces from corrosion.
Potassium oleate is utilized in the creation of emulsifiable concentrates for agricultural use, enhancing the dispersion of active ingredients.
Potassium Oleate finds application in the production of bath oils, contributing to the emollient and moisturizing properties.

Potassium oleate is added to certain cosmetic formulations, such as creams and lotions, to improve texture and stability.
In the textile industry, Potassium Oleate may be used in dyeing processes to aid in the even dispersion of dyes.

Potassium oleate is utilized in the manufacturing of household cleaning products, including multipurpose cleaners and degreasers.
Potassium Oleate serves as a stabilizing agent in the formulation of certain polymeric materials and coatings.
Potassium oleate is found in the composition of certain lubricating greases for industrial machinery.

Potassium oleate is added to the formulation of metal polishes to aid in the removal of tarnish and oxidation from metal surfaces.
Potassium Oleate is employed in the creation of wood preservatives for its ability to penetrate and protect against decay.

Potassium oleate finds use in the production of textile softeners, enhancing the feel and comfort of fabrics.
Potassium oleate is utilized in the creation of pet shampoos and grooming products for its mild cleansing properties.
Potassium Oleate is incorporated into certain paint formulations to improve flow and leveling characteristics.

Potassium oleate may be used in the creation of cooling and cutting fluids for metalworking processes.
Potassium Oleate serves as a dispersing agent in the formulation of pigmented coatings and paints.
Potassium oleate is added to certain pesticide formulations to improve the dispersion of active ingredients on crops.
Potassium oleate is employed in the creation of printing and lithographic inks for its ink-dispersing properties.

Potassium Oleate is utilized in the production of certain adhesive and sealant formulations.
Potassium oleate finds application in the creation of rubber processing aids, aiding in the molding and shaping of rubber products.

Potassium oleate is added to certain industrial lubricants to improve their anti-wear and friction-reducing properties.
Potassium Oleate may be used in the formulation of metal cleaners for household and industrial applications.
Potassium oleate is incorporated into certain concrete and cement admixtures to enhance workability and dispersion.

Potassium oleate finds use in the formulation of certain agrochemicals, including plant growth regulators and herbicides.
Potassium Oleate is added to the formulation of certain fire-resistant hydraulic fluids for industrial applications.
Potassium oleate serves as an emulsifying agent in the creation of emulsions used in various industries, including food and pharmaceuticals.

Potassium Oleate is utilized in the formulation of water-in-oil emulsions for use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical creams.
Potassium oleate plays a role in the creation of anti-fogging agents used in products such as eyeglasses, mirrors, and camera lenses.

Potassium Oleate is employed in the formulation of leather cleaners, aiding in the removal of dirt and stains.
Potassium oleate is added to certain adhesive formulations to improve bonding strength in woodworking and construction.
Potassium oleate contributes to the creation of emulsifiable concentrates used in the preparation of agricultural herbicides.

Potassium Oleate is found in the composition of certain sunscreen formulations, contributing to their emulsifying properties.
Potassium oleate serves as a stabilizing agent in the production of certain vaccine formulations in the pharmaceutical industry.
Potassium oleate is utilized in the creation of corrosion inhibitors for use in industrial processes and metal protection.

Potassium Oleate may be added to drilling fluids in the oil and gas industry for its emulsifying and stabilizing effects.
Potassium oleate plays a role in the formulation of mold release agents for the production of plastic and rubber goods.
Potassium oleate is incorporated into certain ink formulations to improve print quality and dispersion.

Potassium Oleate is employed in the manufacturing of environmentally friendly and biodegradable cleaning products.
Potassium oleate contributes to the formulation of metalworking fluids, enhancing lubrication and cooling during machining processes.
Potassium oleate is used in the creation of rust inhibitors for the protection of metal surfaces from oxidation.

Potassium Oleate may be found in the composition of certain air fresheners and deodorizers.
Potassium oleate is utilized in the formulation of corrosion-resistant coatings for use in marine and industrial environments.
Potassium Oleate is added to certain wax formulations to improve their texture and application properties.
Potassium oleate contributes to the creation of pigment dispersions used in the coloring of various products.

Potassium oleate plays a role in the formulation of textile auxiliaries, contributing to the finishing of fabrics.
Potassium Oleate is utilized in the production of certain metalworking additives for improved machining performance.
Potassium oleate is incorporated into cutting fluids used in metalworking processes to reduce friction and heat generation.

Potassium oleate finds use in the creation of anti-tack agents used in the rubber industry.
Potassium Oleate is employed in the formulation of inkjet printer inks for its dispersing and wetting properties.
Potassium oleate plays a role in the creation of specialty chemicals used in the production of polymers and resins.
Potassium oleate is utilized in the formulation of wax and polish products for automotive and furniture applications.



DESCRIPTION


Potassium oleate is the potassium salt of oleic acid. Oleic acid is a fatty acid that belongs to the omega-9 family and is commonly found in various vegetable oils, particularly olive oil.
When oleic acid reacts with potassium hydroxide (KOH), the resulting compound is potassium oleate.

Potassium Oleate is a potassium salt derived from oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid.
Potassium oleate is formed by the reaction of oleic acid with potassium hydroxide.
Potassium oleate appears as a pale-yellow to amber-colored liquid or solid, depending on its concentration and temperature.
Potassium Oleate is known for its surfactant properties, making it useful in soap-making processes.

Potassium oleate possesses emulsifying and cleansing abilities, contributing to its applications in various cleaning and personal care products.
The chemical structure of Potassium Oleate includes a long hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head, typical of soap molecules.
Potassium oleate is commonly used as a potassium soap in the formulation of liquid soaps, shampoos, and bath products.

Potassium Oleate plays a crucial role in stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions, enhancing their cleansing efficacy.
In addition to its use in personal care products, Potassium Oleate is employed in industrial cleaning formulations.
Potassium oleate exhibits good solubility in water, facilitating its incorporation into aqueous-based formulations.

Potassium Oleate is often utilized in the production of environmentally friendly and biodegradable cleaning products.
Potassium oleate contributes to the formation of stable lather in soap products, enhancing their foaming and cleansing properties.

Potassium Oleate can be synthesized through the saponification of natural oils, such as olive oil or sunflower oil.
Potassium oleate is a versatile ingredient, finding applications in both liquid and solid soap formulations.
Potassium Oleate is known for its mild and gentle cleansing action on the skin and hair.

Potassium oleate is compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, making it a popular choice in personal care formulations.
Its amphiphilic nature allows it to interact with both water and oil, facilitating the removal of dirt and grease.
Potassium Oleate is employed in the formulation of metalworking fluids, aiding in the lubrication and cooling of cutting processes.
Potassium oleate's detergent properties make it effective in removing oils and stains from various surfaces.

Potassium Oleate is biodegradable, reducing its environmental impact when used in cleaning products.
Potassium oleate contributes to the stability and homogeneity of certain pharmaceutical formulations.
Potassium Oleate can act as a dispersing agent, assisting in the uniform distribution of pigments in paints and coatings.

Potassium oleate may be used in the formulation of specialty industrial products, such as anti-corrosion agents.
Potassium Oleate's soap-forming properties make it a valuable ingredient in the creation of emulsions in the food industry.
Potassium oleate is essential to handle Potassium Oleate with care, following safety guidelines and proper storage conditions to maintain its efficacy in various applications.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: CH₃(CH₂)₇CH=CH(CH₂)₇COOK
Molecular Weight: Approximately 320.5 g/mol
Appearance: Depending on concentration and temperature, it can be a pale-yellow to amber-colored liquid or solid.
Odor: Generally odorless.
Solubility:
Soluble in water.
Soluble in various organic solvents.
pH: Typically alkaline.
Melting Point: Varies depending on concentration, often a semi-solid or liquid at room temperature.
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling.
Density: Varies depending on concentration and form (liquid or solid).
Flash Point: Not applicable, as it does not have a distinct boiling point.
Viscosity: Typically low viscosity in liquid form.
Surface Tension: Exhibits surfactant properties, reducing surface tension in aqueous solutions.
Hygroscopicity: Absorbs moisture from the air.
Emulsifying Properties: Acts as an effective emulsifying agent, aiding in the dispersion of oil in water.
Ionic Nature: Ionic (due to the presence of the potassium ion).
Biodegradability: Generally considered biodegradable under environmental conditions.
Stability: Stable under normal storage and handling conditions.
Compatibility: Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic and industrial ingredients.
Toxicity: Generally considered low toxicity, but specific safety guidelines should be followed.
Environmental Impact: Biodegradable and may be considered environmentally friendly.
Flammability: Not considered flammable.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing is difficult, administer artificial respiration.
Seek medical attention if respiratory distress persists.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water.
If irritation or redness occurs, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Rinse eyes gently with water for at least 15 minutes, holding eyelids open.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.


Note:

If Potassium Oleate is ingested, it is crucial to provide medical attention promptly.
Do not delay seeking professional medical help, and have the product's SDS or label available for the healthcare provider.


General First Aid Measures:

Personal Protection:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) during the first aid response.

Symptom Management:
Treat symptoms based on the affected individual's condition.
For example, if irritation persists, provide soothing measures as directed by medical personnel.

Medical Attention:
Always seek professional medical attention for any exposure or ingestion of Potassium Oleate, even if symptoms seem mild.

Note for Healthcare Providers:
Provide healthcare professionals with information about the substance, including its chemical name, concentration, and any other relevant details available on the product label or SDS.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, protective clothing, and safety goggles or a face shield, to prevent skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Use in well-ventilated areas or under local exhaust ventilation to minimize inhalation exposure.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. In case of contact, follow first aid measures as outlined in the SDS.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling Potassium Oleate.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while working with the substance.

Equipment:
Use corrosion-resistant equipment when handling the substance.
Ensure that equipment is clean and free of contaminants before use.

Spill and Leak Response:
In the event of a spill, use appropriate absorbent materials to contain and clean up the substance.
Follow spill response procedures outlined in the SDS.

Storage Compatibility:
Store away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizing agents.
Keep away from open flames, heat sources, and ignition sparks.

Handling Precautions:
Avoid creating dust or aerosols during handling.
Use non-sparking tools and equipment to minimize the risk of ignition.


Storage:

Storage Area:
Store Potassium Oleate in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.

Temperature Control:
Store at temperatures below the specified maximum storage temperature.
Check the product specifications for any temperature-sensitive considerations.

Containers:
Store in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.
Use containers made of materials compatible with Potassium Oleate, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass.

Segregation:
Segregate Potassium Oleate from incompatible materials as per hazard classification guidelines.

Labeling:
Ensure that storage containers are properly labeled with product information, hazard symbols, and precautionary measures.

Control of Ignition Sources:
Avoid storing near sources of open flames, sparks, or hot surfaces.

Inventory Control:
Implement a first-in, first-out (FIFO) inventory control system to use older stock first.

Secondary Containment:
Consider using secondary containment measures to contain spills and leaks in case of container failure.


Emergency Preparedness:

Emergency Procedures:
Have emergency response procedures in place, including contact information for emergency services and a designated spill response team.

Training:
Ensure that personnel are trained in emergency response procedures and are familiar with the location of emergency equipment.



SYNONYMS


Potassium cis-9-octadecenoate
Potassium 9-octadecenoate
Potassium (Z)-9-octadecenoate
Potassium (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate
Potassium Oleate Sulfonate
POLYSTEP OPA cas :68609-93-8
Potassium Perchlorate
potassium hydroxide; Potassium hydrate; Caustic potash; Lye; potassa; Hydroxyde De Potassium; Potasse Caustique; Kaliumhydroxid; Kaliumhydroxyde; Potassa; Potassio Idrossido Di; K(OH); cas no: 1310-58-3
potassium permanganate
Permanganic acid, potassium salt; C.I. 77755; Chameleon mineral; Condy's crystals; Kaliumpermanganat; Permanganate de potassium; Permanganate of potash; Permanganato potasico; Potassio (permanganato di); Potassium (permanganate de); Potassium manganate (Ⅶ) CAS:7722-64-7
Potassium Peroxymonosulfate
Caroat; Oxone; potassium monopersulfate; MPS CAS:10058-23-8; 37222-66-5
Potassium Peroxymonosulfate (Oxone)
Caroat; Oxone; potassium monopersulfate; MPS CAS:10058-23-8; 37222-66-5
Potassium polysulfide
HEDP•Kx; Phosphonic acid, P,P'-(1-hydroxyethylidene)bis-, potassium salt (1:?) SynonymsHEDP.Kx;potassium 1-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate;1-HYDROXYETHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT;Hydroxy Ethylidene Diphosphonic Acid Potassium Salt;POTASSIUM SALT OF(1-HYDROXYETHYLIDENE) DIPHOSPHONATE;1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid potassium salt;(1-hydroxyethylidene)bisphosphonic acid, potassium salt;Phosphonic acid, (1-hydroxyethylidine)bis-, potassium salt;Phosphonic acid, (1-hydroxyethylidene)bis-, potassium salt;(1-Hydroxyethylidene)bisphosphonic acid/potassium,(1:x) salt CAS No. 67953-76-8
Potassium salt of 1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid (HEDP•K2)
Synonymss900;rcrawastenumberp099;Kaliumdicyanoargentat;kyanostribrnandraselny;Potassiumcyanoargenate;potassiumargentocyanide;POTASSIUM SILVER CYANIDE;POTASSIUM CYANOARGENTATE;SILVER POTASSIUM CYANIDE;dicyano-argentates(i)(sol, Potassium dicyanoargentate CAS Number506-61-6
Potassium Silicofluoride
Potassium persulfate; Peroxydisulfuric acid, dipotassium salt; Dipotassium persulfate; Potassium Peroxydisulfate; Potassium peroxydisulphate; CAS NO: 7727-21-1
Potassium silver(I) cyanide
L-(+)-ROCHELLE SALT L(+)-TARTARIC ACID POTASSIUM SODIUM SALT TETRAHYDRATE L-TARTARIC ACID SODIUM POTASSIUM SALT POTASSIUM SODIUM L-TARTRATE TETRAHYDRATE POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTARATE TETRAHYDRATE POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE-4 H2O POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE, 4-HYDRATE POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE HYDRATE POTASSIUM SODIUM (+)-TARTRATE TETRAHYDRATE POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE TETRAHYDRATE (+)-POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE TETRAHYDRTE ROCHELLE SALT ROCHELLE SALT HYDRATE ROCHELLE SALT STABILIZER ROCHELLE SALT TARTRATE ROCHELLE SALT TETRAHYDRATE [R-(R*,R*)]-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid monopotassium monosodium salt SEIGNETTE SALT SEIGNETTE SALT TETRAHYDRATE cas :6381-59-5
Potassium sodium tartrate
Sorbic acid potassium salt; Potassium 2,4-hexadienoate; 2,4-Hexadienoic aAcid potassium salt; Sorbistat; Sorbistat-K; Sorbistat-potassium; Potassium sorbate CAS NO: 590-00-1
Potassium Stannate
potassıum persulfate; Peroxydisulfuric acid, dipotassium salt; Dipotassium persulfate; Potassium Peroxydisulfate; Potassium peroxydisulphate; cas no: 7727-21-1
Potassium sulfate
cas no 25655-41-8 PVP-I; Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)–Iodine complex; Povadyne® antiseptic; iodopovidone;
POTASYUM (K)
Potassium element cas no:7440-09-7
POTASYUM HIDROKSIT
SYNONYMS Potash;Potassium hydrate;potassium hydroxide;Potassium hydroxide (K(OH));POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE PELLET;POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, LIQUID;Potassium lye CAS NO:1310-58-3
POTASYUM İYODÜR
Potassium iyodür; potassium iodide; potassium salt of hydriodic acid; dipotassium diiodide; potassium monoiodide cas no: 7681-11-0
POTASYUM KARBONAT
SYNONYMS Carbonic acid potassium salt (1:2);Carbonic acid, dipotassium salt;Carbonic acid, potassium salt (1:2);Dipotassium carbonate;K2CO3;Kaliumcarbonat;Pearl ash;Potash;potassium carbonate;Potassium carbonate (2:1);Potassium carbonate (K2(CO3));Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) CAS NO:584-08-7
Potasyum Laktat
SYNONYMS Lactate de potassium;lactato de potasio;Lactic acid, monopotassium salt;Potassium DL-lactate;potassium lactate;Potassium α-hydroxypropionate;PROPANOATE, 2-HYDROXY-, MONOPOTASSIUM;Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monopotassium salt;Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, potassium salt (1:1);Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-,monopotassium salt CAS NO:996-31-6
POTASYUM SİTRAT
POTASSIUM CITRATE; Tripotassium citrate; Citric acid potassium salt; 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, tripotassium salt; Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate; Potassium citrate tribasic preparation; Tripotassium citrate monohydrate; Tripotassium citrate monohydrate; cas no: 866-84-2
Potasyum sitratlar
SYNONYMS 1,2,3-PROPANETRICARBOXYLIC ACID, 2- HYDROXY-, TRIPOTASSIUM SALT;1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, potassium salt (1:3;1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, tripotassium salt;2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid tripotassium salt;Citrate de tripotassium;CITRATE, TRI-POTASSIUM;citrato de tripotasio;Citric acid, tripotassium salt CAS NO:866-84-2
Potasyum Sorbat
SYNONYMS (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt;(E,E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoate de potassium;(E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoato de potasio;2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)-;2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, (2E,4E)-;2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, (E,E)- CAS NO:24634-61-5
Potato Starch
Potato Starch; cas no: 9005-25-8
POTLIFE ENHANCER II

Potlife Enhancer II is a high-performance additive used in polyurethane systems to extend the working time or pot life of the formulations.
Potlife Enhancer II is characterized by its efficiency in delaying the curing process, allowing for more flexibility during application.
The chemical formula for Potlife Enhancer II is proprietary, and it is commonly used in various industrial applications due to its superior properties.

CAS Number: 2425-79-8
EC Number: 219-371-7

Synonyms: Potlife extender, Potlife Enhancer II, Working time extender, Potlife Additive II, Polyurethane Additive Potlife Enhancer II, Curing Delay Agent II, Additive Potlife Enhancer II, PU Potlife Extender II, Potlife Enhancer Additive II



APPLICATIONS


Potlife Enhancer II is widely used in the formulation of polyurethane coatings, providing extended working time and flexibility during application.
Potlife Enhancer II is essential in the manufacture of high-performance polyurethane adhesives, allowing for more time to apply and adjust.
Potlife Enhancer II is utilized in the production of elastomers, enhancing their processing window and application ease.

Potlife Enhancer II is a preferred additive for flexible and rigid foams due to its efficiency in delaying the curing process.
Potlife Enhancer II is used in automotive coatings to provide more time for application and adjustments.
Potlife Enhancer II is found in the production of sealants and caulks, contributing to improved application properties.

Potlife Enhancer II is used in water-based polyurethane systems for its compatibility and efficiency in extending working time.
Potlife Enhancer II is a key component in solvent-based polyurethane coatings, providing more flexibility during application.
Potlife Enhancer II is used in the textile industry to improve the processing and application of coatings on fabrics.

Potlife Enhancer II is employed in the production of rubber materials for its ability to extend the working time.
Potlife Enhancer II is used in the manufacturing of synthetic fibers, enhancing their processing properties.
Potlife Enhancer II is used in the construction industry for high-performance coatings and sealants.

Potlife Enhancer II is used in the creation of high-performance adhesives, providing more time for application and adjustment.
Potlife Enhancer II is a key component in the production of plastics, improving their processing window and flexibility.
Potlife Enhancer II is utilized in the formulation of industrial coatings, ensuring more time for application and adjustments.

Potlife Enhancer II is applied in the creation of specialty coatings for various industrial applications, ensuring extended working time and flexibility.
Potlife Enhancer II is used in the production of coatings for metal surfaces, providing more time for application and adjustments.
Potlife Enhancer II is essential in the creation of high-quality printing inks, enhancing the working time and flexibility during printing.

Potlife Enhancer II is used in the production of rubber products, ensuring extended working time and consistent performance.
Potlife Enhancer II is employed in the automotive industry, used in high-performance coatings and adhesives for more application time.
Potlife Enhancer II is utilized in the production of wood coatings, enhancing their application properties and durability.

Potlife Enhancer II is found in the manufacture of specialty coatings for industrial machinery, providing more time for application.
Potlife Enhancer II is utilized in the formulation of adhesives and sealants, ensuring more time for application and adjustments.
Potlife Enhancer II is a key ingredient in the production of polyurethane elastomers, enhancing their processing window.

Potlife Enhancer II is employed in the textile industry to improve the performance of coatings on fabrics.
Potlife Enhancer II is used in the rubber industry for its ability to extend the working time and improve processing.
Potlife Enhancer II is essential in the production of high-performance industrial coatings, providing more application flexibility.

Potlife Enhancer II is a vital component in water-based and solvent-based polyurethane systems, ensuring extended working time.
Potlife Enhancer II is applied in the creation of high-performance industrial products, providing more time for application and adjustments.
Potlife Enhancer II is used in the formulation of household and industrial coatings, enhancing their application properties.

Potlife Enhancer II is utilized in the production of specialty coatings for electronic devices, ensuring more time for application.
Potlife Enhancer II is found in the creation of specialty inks for various applications, providing more working time.
Potlife Enhancer II is used in the production of ceramic and glass coatings, enhancing their application properties.

Potlife Enhancer II is applied in the creation of coatings for plastic surfaces, ensuring more time for application and adjustments.
Potlife Enhancer II is utilized in the formulation of coatings for wood surfaces, providing more application time.
Potlife Enhancer II is essential in the production of high-performance adhesives, ensuring more time for application and adjustments.

Potlife Enhancer II is used in the formulation of coatings for automotive applications, providing more time for application and adjustments.
Potlife Enhancer II is utilized in the production of specialty adhesives and sealants, ensuring extended working time.
Potlife Enhancer II is found in the manufacture of coatings for industrial machinery, providing more time for application.

Potlife Enhancer II is employed in the creation of specialty coatings for various substrates, ensuring more time for application and adjustments.
Potlife Enhancer II is used in the formulation of high-performance coatings for various applications, providing more time for application.
Potlife Enhancer II is a key component in the production of specialty inks for flexographic and gravure printing, providing more working time.

Potlife Enhancer II is used in the creation of specialty inks for digital printing, ensuring more time for application and adjustments.
Potlife Enhancer II is essential in the production of high-performance industrial products, providing more application flexibility.
Potlife Enhancer II is utilized in the manufacture of environmentally friendly industrial products, ensuring extended working time.

Potlife Enhancer II is used in the creation of water-based and solvent-based products, providing more time for application.
Potlife Enhancer II is a critical ingredient in the formulation of specialty coatings for metal and plastic surfaces, ensuring more application time.



DESCRIPTION


Potlife Enhancer II is a high-performance additive used in polyurethane systems to extend the working time or pot life of the formulations.
Potlife Enhancer II is characterized by its efficiency in delaying the curing process, allowing for more flexibility during application.

Potlife Enhancer II is a versatile chemical compound used in various polyurethane applications.
Potlife Enhancer II is known for its strong ability to extend the working time of polyurethane formulations, providing more time for application and adjustments.
Potlife Enhancer II provides excellent processing properties, making it ideal for industrial coatings and adhesives.

Potlife Enhancer II is compatible with a wide range of polyurethane systems, enhancing its versatility in different formulations.
Potlife Enhancer II is widely used in the coatings, adhesives, elastomers, and sealants industries, among others.
Potlife Enhancer II's non-toxic nature makes it safe for use in various industrial and consumer products.

Potlife Enhancer II offers excellent processing flexibility, making it suitable for various applications requiring extended working time.
Potlife Enhancer II is known for its ease of dispersion, ensuring uniform extension of working time in various systems.
Potlife Enhancer II is essential in the creation of durable and high-performance polyurethane products.

Potlife Enhancer II's strong ability to extend working time makes it a preferred choice in the creation of high-quality industrial coatings.
Potlife Enhancer II is an important precursor in the production of high-performance adhesives and sealants, providing more application time.
Potlife Enhancer II is widely used in the manufacture of durable and resilient polyurethane products, ensuring more time for processing and application.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: Proprietary
Common Name: Potlife Enhancer II
Molecular Structure: Proprietary
Appearance: Clear liquid
Density: 1.05 g/cm³
Viscosity: Low
Solubility: Miscible with most organic solvents
Reactivity: Moderate
Chemical Stability: Excellent
Compatibility: Wide range of polyurethane systems
Processing Flexibility: Excellent
Dispersion: Easy



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Potlife Enhancer II is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.

Eye Contact:
Flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if ventilation is insufficient or if exposure limits are exceeded.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.
Use local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to minimize exposure.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of vapors.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Potlife Enhancer II.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb spills with inert materials (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.

Storage:
Store Potlife Enhancer II in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid generating aerosols or mists.
Ground and bond containers during transfer operations to prevent static electricity buildup.
Use explosion-proof electrical equipment in areas where vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Potlife Enhancer II at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Potlife Enhancer II away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Potlife Enhancer II to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of hazardous materials.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.

POVIDONE IODINE
POVIDONE IODINE = PVP-I = IODOPOVIDONE = ISODINE


CAS Number: 25655-41-8
EC Number: 607-771-8
MDL number: MFCD00084483
Molecular formula: C6H9I2NO


Povidone iodine is a chemical complex of povidone, hydrogen iodide, and elemental iodine.
Povidone iodine contains 10% Povidone, with total iodine species equaling 10,000 ppm or 1% total titratable iodine.
Povidone iodine works by releasing iodine which results in the death of a range of microorganisms.
Povidone iodine came into commercial use in 1955.


Povidone iodine is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Povidone iodine is available over the counter.
Povidone iodine is a topical antiseptic agent used for the treatment and prevention of infection in wounds.
Povidone iodine is a stable chemical complex of polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone, PVP) and elemental iodine.


Povidone iodine contains from 9.0% to 12.0% available iodine, calculated on a dry basis.
Povidone iodine was discovered in 1955 at the Industrial Toxicology Laboratories in Philadelphia by H. A. Shelanski and M. V. Shelanski.
During in vitro testing to demonstrate anti-bacterial activity it was found that the complex was less toxic in mice than tincture of iodine.
Povidone iodine was immediately marketed, and has since become the universally preferred iodine antiseptic.


Povidone iodine is soluble in cold and mild-warm water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and glycerol.
Povidone iodine's stability in solution is much greater than that of tincture of iodine or Lugol's solution.
Povidone iodine is a complex compound of PVP K30 and iodine, which has a powerful effect on bacteria, viruses, and molds.
Povidone iodine is stable, no irritation, completely soluble in water.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POVIDONE IODINE:
Povidone iodine is used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.
Povidone iodine may be given to you for other reasons.
All vaginal products: Povidone iodine is used to treat vaginal irritation, itching, and soreness.
Throat gargle: Povidone iodine is used to treat a sore throat.


Topical agent, Povidone iodine, is used for surgical scrubbing or other therapeutic purposes, and to protect patients from infection.
Povidone iodine is used in kitchen appliances and animal disease prevention agents in the home, food and feed industry.
Consequently, Povidone iodine has found broad application in medicine as a surgical scrub; for pre- and post-operative skin cleansing; for the treatment and prevention of infections in wounds, ulcers, cuts and burns; for the treatment of infections in decubitus ulcers and stasis ulcers; in gynecology for vaginitis associated with candidal, trichomonal or mixed infections.


For these purposes Povidone iodine has been formulated at concentrations of 7.5–10.0% in solution, spray, surgical scrub, ointment, and swab dosage forms; however, use of 10% Povidone iodine though recommended, is infrequently used, as it is poorly accepted by health care workers and is excessively slow to dry.
Because of these critical indications, only sterile Povidone iodine should be used in most cases.


Non-sterile product can be appropriate in limited circumstances in which people have intact, healthy skin that will not be compromised or cut.
The non-sterile form of Povidone iodine has a long history of intrinsic contamination with Burkholderia cepacia (aka Pseudomonas cepacia), and other opportunistic pathogens.
Povidone iodine's ability to harbor such microbes further underscores the importance of using sterile products in any clinical setting.


Since these bacteria are resistant to Povidone iodine, statements that bacteria do not develop resistance to Povidone iodine, should be regarded with great caution: some bacteria are intrinsically resistant to a range of biocides including Povidone iodine.
Povidone iodine (PVP-I), also known as iodopovidone, is an antiseptic used for skin disinfection before and after surgery.
Povidone iodine may be used both to disinfect the hands of healthcare providers and the skin of the person they are caring for.


Povidone iodine may also be used for minor wounds.
Povidone iodine may be applied to the skin as a liquid or a powder.
Antiseptic activity of Povidone iodine is because of free iodine (I2) and PVP-I only acts as carrier of I2 to the target cells.
Most commonly used 10% Povidone iodine delivers about 1-3 ppm of I2 in a compound of more than 31,600 ppm of total iodine atoms.


All the toxic and staining effects of Povidone iodineis due to the inactive iodine only.
Free iodine, slowly liberated from the Povidone iodine (PVP-I) complex in solution, kills cells through iodination of lipids and oxidation of cytoplasmic and membrane compounds.
Povidone iodine exhibits a broad range of microbiocidal activity against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses.


Slow release of iodine from the Povidone iodine complex in solution minimizes iodine toxicity towards mammalian cells.
Povidone iodine can be loaded into hydrogels, which can be based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and gelatin, or on crosslinked polyacrylamide.
These hydrogels can be used for wound dressing.


The rate of release of the iodine in the Povidone iodine is heavily dependent on the hydrogel composition: it increases with more CMC/PVA and decreases with more gelatin.
Povidone iodine is an iodophor solution containing a water-soluble complex of iodine and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with broad microbicidal activity.


Free iodine, slowly liberated from the polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVPI) complex in solution, kills eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells through iodination of lipids and oxidation of cytoplasmic and membrane compounds.
This agent exhibits a broad range of microbicidal activity against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses.
Slow release of iodine from the PVPI complex in solution minimizes iodine toxicity towards mammalian cells.


An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol.
The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.
Povidone is found in both medical and household items and can cause mild symptoms with large ingestions.
Povidone iodine is a common antiseptic used to disinfect the skin, eyes, and vagina.


Because of povidone’s chemical properties, it can reduce the irritating or toxic nature of other drugs when formulated as a combination product.
Povidone is often combined with iodine for use as an antiseptic agent.
This combination product is commercially available as the skin antiseptic Betadine, but is also available in less concentrated forms for use in the eyes and vagina.


In hospital settings, povidone iodine is often used as an antiseptic agent in surgical procedures.
Recently, nasal and oral decontamination with povidone iodine has been recommended for healthcare workers as a preventive measure against COVID-19 infection.
As the effectiveness of this treatment remains unclear, the use of povidone iodine for prevention of COVID-19 remains experimental at this time.


When used as directed for antiseptic purposes, povidone iodine is generally safe.
Povidone iodine belongs to the class of 'antiseptics and disinfectants' primarily used to treat common skin infections.
Povidone iodine treats and prevents skin infections in minor burns, lacerations (deep cut in the skin), cuts, and abrasions (the first layer of skin is scraped off).


Skin infection occurs when foreign microorganisms like fungus or bacteria invade the skin and affect the tissues.
Povidone iodine may be used for other purposes.
Povidone iodine belongs to the class of 'antiseptics and disinfectants' primarily used to treat common skin infections.
Povidone iodine works by inhibiting the growth of infection-causing microbes.


As a small molecule, iodine can easily penetrate microorganisms and oxidizes essential proteins, nucleotides, and fatty acids, leading to cell death.
Povidone iodine is effective against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa.
Povidone iodine is for external use only.


Povidone iodine may cause common side effects like red or inflamed skin, peeling skin, dry skin, and irritation at the application site.
These side effects gradually resolve during the treatment and do not require medical attention.
Povidone iodine is used on the skin to decrease risk of infection.
Povidone iodine is also used as a surgical hand scrub and to wash the skin and surface of the eye before surgery to help prevent infections.


Povidone iodine can be used as a topical preservative.
Povidone iodine has activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses and yeast.
Povidone iodine is an effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial product for pre-surgical patient preparation and post-surgical skin antisepsis.
Povidone iodine, which has an antiseptic effect in the area it is applied, is used in hygienic and surgical hand washing, preparation of surgical areas and washing around the skin.


-Uses of Povidone iodine:
*Skin infections, Cuts, Scrapes, and Burns.


-Pharmacodynamics:
Povidone iodine is a kind of iodine disinfectant which directly cause in vivo protein denaturation, precipitation of bacteria, and further resulting in the death of pathogenic microorganisms.
Therefore, it is effective in disinfection and sterilization.
Povidone iodine can kill viruses, bacteria, spores, fungi, and protozoa with low toxicity to human.
Povidone iodine aqueous solution has strong pharmacological activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, syphilis, hepatitis B virus, HIV, and Trichomonas vaginalis.
Povidone iodine gel is a gynecological topical semi-mobile colloidal agent made by povidone iodine and hydrophilic matrix.
Povidone iodine is a system for maintaining its sustained release.
Owing to the continuous release of free iodine, Povidone iodine can enable the skin and mucous membranes to maintain a certain effective concentration of iodine for killing bacteria.
Povidone iodine is mainly used for gynecological vaginal infection.
Povidone iodine exerted its effect through being miscible with vaginal secretions and further killing the inside pathogenic microorganisms, and thus blocking the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and invasion, as well as treating other infected vaginal diseases caused by other kinds of bacteria.


-Medical uses of Povidone iodine:
Wound area covered in Povidone iodine.
Gauze has also been applied.
Povidone iodine is a broad spectrum antiseptic for topical application in the treatment and prevention of wound infection.
Povidone iodine may be used in first aid for minor cuts, burns, abrasions and blisters.
Povidone iodine exhibits longer lasting antiseptic effects than tincture of iodine, due to its slow absorption via soft tissue, making it the choice for longer surgeries.


-Solution uses of Povidone iodine:
Gently clean the affected area with cotton soaked in the solution.
Allow the solution to dry and cover the wound with a sterile bandage.


-Paint/Cream/Lotion/Ointment:
Take the advised amount with a sterile gauze or cotton swab and apply it to the skin's affected areas.
Cover the open wounds with a sterile dressing or bandage after application if required.
Wash your hands before and after using the product.


-Powder:
Sprinkle lightly on the affected area with or without a dressing.
-Swab sticks:
Antiseptic swabs are used to disinfect the skin before surgery and before bandaging minor cuts, scrapes and burns.
Apply the swab to the affected area to disinfect and cover with a bandage if necessary.


-External pads:
Clean the affected area thoroughly with the pad.
Discard after a single use.
-Spray:
Hold the spray container about 4-6 inches away from the skin and spray.
Allow it to dry and apply bandage/dressing, if necessary.


-Surgical scrub:
Gently apply the scrub to the affected area, develop lather and scrub thoroughly for 5 minutes.
Rinse off using sterile gauze saturated with water.
-Antisepsis of intact skin (injections, punctures):
Apply 10% solution to the puncture/injection site and allow to dry before inserting the needle.
The skin should be cleaned beforehand if soiled or if the procedure is invasive (lumbar puncture, epidural/spinal anaesthesia, etc.).


-Preoperative skin antisepsis:
Apply 10% solution twice.
Allow to dry between each application (do not dab to accelerate drying).
Incise once the 2nd application has dried.
The surgical site should be cleaned beforehand with PVI scrub solution.


-Wound antisepsis:
Apply 10% solution to small superficial wounds.
For large wounds and burns, wound irrigation, etc., dilute Povidone iodine (¼ of 10% PVI and ¾ of 0.9% NaCl or sterile water) then rinse with 0.9% NaCl or sterile water.


-Oral infections:
Povidone Iodine 5% Solution is used for the prevention and treatment of infections in the mouth.
-Minor wounds:
Povidone Iodine 5% Solution is used for the prevention and treatment of skin infection on the skin.
Povidone iodine is used as an antiseptic and first aid for minor cuts, grazes, abrasions, and blisters.


-Vaginal Candidiasis:
Povidone Iodine 5% Solution is also used to prevent and treat the fungal infection of the vagina.
Povidone iodine may be used in combination with other medicines for better results.
-Skin disinfectant:
Povidone iodine 5% Solution is also used to clean a patient's skin before a surgical procedure is performed


-Eyes:
A buffered Povidone iodine solution of 2.5% concentration can be used for prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis, especially if it is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or Chlamydia trachomatis.
It is currently unclear whether Povidone iodine is more effective in reducing the number of cases of conjunctivitis in neonates over other methods.
Povidone iodine appears to be very suitable for this purpose because, unlike other substances, it is also efficient against fungi and viruses (including HIV and Herpes simplex).


-Pleurodesis:
Povidone iodine is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions).
For this purpose, Povidone iodine is equally effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost.
-Alternatives uses of Povidone iodine:
There is strong evidence that chlorhexidine and denatured alcohol used to clean skin prior to surgery is better than any formulation of Povidone iodine.



FUNCTION of POVIDONE IODINE:
*Use skin and equipment disinfectant before injection or surgery.
*Oral, gynecological, surgical, and skin anti-infective treatment.
*Disinfecting household tableware
*In the food industry and aquaculture, disinfection can also prevent animal diseases.



MECHANISM of ACTION of POVIDONE IODINE:
Povidone iodine is called iodophore which means povidone acts as a carrier of iodine.
Iodine is considered as the active moiety that mediates microbicidal actions.
When released from the complex, free iodine (I2) penetrates the cell wall of microorganisms quickly, and the lethal effects are believed to result from disruption of protein and nucleic acid structure and synthesis.
While the full mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, iodine is thought to inhibit vital bacterial cellular mechanisms and structures, and oxidizes nucleotides fatty or amino acids in bacterial cell membranes 1.
Additionally, free iodine disrupts the function of the cytosolic enzymes involved in the respiratory chain, causing them to become denatured and deactivated 1.
In vitro evidence suggests that iodine also counteracts inflammation elicited by both pathogens and the host response via multifactorial effects.
In hosts, Povidone iodine was demonstrated to modulate the redox potential, inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and β-galactosidase, inhibit metalloproteinase production, and potentiate the healing signals from pro-inflammatory cytokines by activation of monocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, in vitro 1.



MEDICINAL BENEFITS of POVIDONE IODINE:
Povidone iodine is an antiseptic and disinfectant used to treat and prevent skin infections in minor burns, lacerations (deep cuts in the skin), cuts, and abrasions (the first layer of skin is scraped off).
Povidone iodine works by inhibiting the growth of infection-causing microbes.
Povidone iodine is effective against bacteria (gram-positive and gram-negative, including antibiotic-resistant and antiseptic-resistant strains), fungi, viruses, and protozoa.
Povidone iodine is for external use only.



ABSORPTION of POVIDONE IODINE:
Povidone iodine is intended for topical application and is not absorbed.



VOLUME of DISTRIBUTION of POVIDONE IODINE:
Povidone iodine is intended for topical application and has no volume of distribution.



INTERACTIONS of POVIDONE IODINE:
The iodine in Povidone iodine reacts with hydrogen peroxide, silver, taurolidine and proteins such as enzymes, rendering them (and itself) ineffective.
Povidone iodine also reacts with many mercury compounds, giving the corrosive compound mercury iodide, as well as with many metals, making it unsuitable for disinfecting metal piercings.
Iodine is absorbed into the body to various degrees, depending on application area and condition of the skin.
As such, Povidone iodine interacts with diagnostic tests of the thyroid gland such as radioiodine diagnostics, as well as with various diagnostic agents used on the urine and stool, for example Guaiacum resin.



STRUCTURE of POVIDONE IODINE:
Povidone iodine is a chemical complex of the polymer povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and triiodide (I3−).



HISTORY of POVIDONE IODINE:
Following the discovery of iodine by Bernard Courtois in 1811, it has been broadly used for the prevention and treatment of skin infections, as well as the treatment of wounds. Iodine has been recognized as an effective broad-spectrum bactericide, and is also effective against yeasts, molds, fungi, viruses, and protozoans.
Drawbacks to its use in the form of aqueous solutions include irritation at the site of application, toxicity, and the staining of surrounding tissues.
These deficiencies were overcome by the discovery and use of Povidone iodine, in which the iodine is carried in a complexed form and the concentration of free iodine is very low.
Povidone iodine thus serves as an iodophor.
Povidone iodine was discovered in 1955, at the Industrial Toxicology Laboratories in Philadelphia by H. A. Shelanski and M. V. Shelanski.
They carried out tests in vitro to demonstrate anti-bacterial activity, and found that the complex was less toxic in mice than tincture of iodine.
Human clinical trials showed the product to be superior to other iodine formulations.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POVIDONE IODINE:
Appearance Form: solid
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point Melting point/range: 300 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available

Molecular Weight: 364.95
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Monoisotopic Mass: 364.87736
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 120
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Boiling Point: 217.6°C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 300°C
Flash Point: 93.9ºC
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO, Water
Appearance: Red-brown Crystalline Powder
Storage: Store at -20°C
HS Code: 3808940010
Log P: 2.46160
MDL: MFCD00084483
pH: 1.5-5.0
PSA: 2.31
Safety Statements: S24/25
Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
Vapor Pressure: 0.132mmHg at 25°C
Characteristics: A red-brown,crystalline powder
Loss on drying: 8.0% max
Residue on ignition: 0.025% max
Iodine ion: 13.5% max
Heavy metals: 20ppm max
Nitrogen: 8.0%-11.5%
Assay for available iodine: 20.0%-24.0



FIRST AID MEASURES of POVIDONE IODINE:
-General advice:
Consult a physician.
-If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
-In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
-In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
-If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POVIDONE IODINE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POVIDONE IODINE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POVIDONE IODINE:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POVIDONE IODINE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POVIDONE IODINE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.



SYNONYMS:
Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)–Iodine complex
PVP-I
Povadyne® antiseptic
Iodopovidone
Povidone iodine
Povidone-iodine
Povidone, iodinated
Povidone iodine
25655-41-8
Povidone-iodine
Betadine
Isodine
PVP iodine
PVP-Iodine
PVP-I
Isobetadyne
Bridine
Disphex
Povadyne
Ultradine
Efo-dine
Iodopoly(vinyl pyrrolidinone)
1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;molecular iodine
NSC26245
2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, homopolymer
compd. with iodinecompd. with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone homopolymer
Iodine-poly(vinylpyrrolidinone)
Poly(vinylpyrrolidinone) iodide
Iodinated poly(vinylpyrrolidone)
Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-iodine adduct
Poly(vinylpyrrolidinone)-iodine complex
Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) - iodine complex
Polyvinylpyrrolidone compound with iodine
povidone.iodine
1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone homopolymer compound with iodine
molecular iodine; 1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one
1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one; molecular iodine
Povidone iodine-IP, 9-12%
SCHEMBL1652685
BCP28568
NSC28655
MFCD00084483
NSC-26245
NSC-28655
AKOS015898248
POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE-IODINECOMPLEX1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone
molecular iodine
FT-0655804
2-Pyrrolidinone, polymers, compd. with iodine
A16118
2-Pyrrolidinone, homopolymer, compd. with iodine
A817952
Q241516
1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one compound with diiodine (1:1)
Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene]iodine complex
Povidone (iodinated)
Betadine
Isodine
PVP Iodine
Betadine
First Aid
GRx Dyne
GRx Dyne Scrub
Povidex
Povidex Peri

POVIDONE K 25
Povidone K 25 is abbreviated as PVP, and is the polymer of vinylpyrrolidone.
According to the different degree of polymerization, Povidone K 25 is further classified into soluble PVP and insoluble PVPP (polyvinyl polypyrrolidone).
Molecular weight of the soluble Povidone K 25 is 8,000 to 10,000.

CAS: 9003-39-8
MF: CH4
MW: 16.04246
EINECS: 1312995-182-4

Povidone K 25 can be used as a precipitating agent which can be settle down through its action with polyphenols. Using this method, it is easily to have residual Povidone K 25 in the alcohol.
Due to the savings effect of PVP inside the human body, the World Health Organization doesn’t recommend to apply this substance.
In recent years, the use of soluble Povidone K 25 has been rare.
Insoluble PPovidone K 25 system had began to be used in the beer industry since the early 1960s.
Povidone K 25 has a relative molecule weight greater than the relative mass greater than 700,000.
Povidone K 25 is a insoluble polymer derived from the further cross-linking and polymerization of PVP and can be used as an adsorbent of polyphenols with a good efficacy.
Povidone K 25 PVP is one of the three major pharmaceutical new excipients and can be used as the co-solvent of tablets, granules, and injection, as the glidant of capsules, as the dispersant agent of liquid preparations and the colorant, as the stabilizer of enzyme and heat sensitive drug, as the co-precipitating agent of poorly soluble drugs, and as the detoxicant of ophthalmic drugs and lubricants.
Povidone K 25 is industrially used as expanded polystyrene additive, as the gelling agents for suspension polymerization, stabilizer, and fiber treating agents, paper processing aids, adhesives, and thickening agents.
Povidone K 25 PVP and its copolymers CAP is an important raw material of cosmetics, mainly used for hair retaining agent.
The film it formed in the hair is elastic and shiny, and has excellent carding property as well as being free of dust.
Adopting different category of resin can meet various kinds of relative humidity climatic conditions.
Therefore, Povidone K 25 is an indispensable raw material in styling hair cream, hair gel, and mousse.
Povidone K 25 can also be used for the cosmetics of skin moisturizing agents and the dispersants for grease based hair dying, also as foam stabilizers, and can improve the consistency of the shampoo.
Povidone K 25 is the stabilizer of beer and juice which can improve its transparency, color, and flavor.

Povidone K 25 is a water soluble polyamide.
Commercially available Povidone K 25 is divided into four viscosity grades according to its press K value (Fikentscher K value): K-15, K-30, K-60, K-90, with the average molecular weight being 10,000, 40000,160000, and 360000, respectively.
K value or molecular weight is an important factor which decides the various properties of PVP.
Povidone K 25 is dissolved in water, chlorinated solvents, alcohol, amine, nitro-paraffin and low molecular weight fatty acids, and is mutually soluble with most inorganic salts and a variety of resin; insoluble in acetone and ether.
Povidone K 25 used for the matrix of dropping pill matrix is odorless, tasteless, white to pale yellow waxy solid with the relative density being 1.062, and its 5% aqueous solution pH being 3 to 7.
Povidone K 25 is hygroscopic and of good thermal stability, and can be dissolved in various kinds of organic solvents, and has high melting point.
Adding certain natural or synthetic polymers or organic compounds can effectively adjust the Povidone K 25’s hygroscopicity and softness.
Povidone K 25 is not prone to have chemical reaction.
Under normal storage conditions, dry Povidone K 25 is quite stable.

Povidone K 25 has excellent physical inertia and biocompatibility and has not stimulation to skin, eyes no stimulation with no allergic reactions and being non-toxic.
Because of the hydrogen bonding or complexation effect, Povidone K 25’s viscosity is increased and this further inhibits the formation and growth of crystallized nuclei of drugs, making the drug being in the amorphous state.
The dropping pill whose matrix is Povidone K 25 can enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
In general, the greater the Povidone K 25 amount, the higher dissolution and solubility of drug in the medium.
Susana et al have studied the dissolution of the Povidone K 25 solid dispersant of the slightly soluble drug albendazole.
The increased amount of Povidone K 25 can increase the dissolution rate and efficiency of drug inside the solid dispersant.
Teresa et al have studied the dissolution of the poorly soluble drugs, flunarizine in Povidone K 25 solid dispersant and obtained similar conclusion.
Povidone K 25 also found that the higher the content, the more significant increase in dissolution.
IR has showed that flunarizine and Povidone K 25 has no chemical reaction except in some cases that a best dissolution efficacy is obtained only in certain ratio between some drugs with the Povidone K 25.
Tantishaiyakul et al has found that: when the ratio of piroxicam, Povidone K 25 is 1:5 and 1:6, the dissolution of the solid dispersant is the largest with a 40 times as high as that of single drug within 5min.
Povidone K 25 can also be dissolved in another molten dropping pill matrix, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyoxyethylene monostearate (S-40), poloxamer and stearyl acid, glyceryl monostearate, etc for making complex matrix.

Povidone K 25 Chemical Properties
Melting point: >300 °C
Boiling point: 90-93 °C
Density: 1,69 g/cm3
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: H2O: soluble100mg/mL
Form: powder
Color: White to yellow-white
PH: 3.0-5.0
Water Solubility: Soluble in water.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,7697
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Light sensitive. Hygroscopic.
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H15NO/c1-3-7(2)9-6-4-5-8(9)10/h7H,3-6H2,1-2H3
InChIKey: FAAHNQAYWKTLFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: N1(C(C)CC)C(=O)CCC1
IARC: 3 (Vol. 19, Sup 7, 71) 1987
EPA Substance Registry System: Povidone K 25 (9003-39-8)

Uses
Clarifying agent; pigment stabilizer; colloidal stabilizer; Povidone K 25 is mainly used for beer clarifying and quality stabilizing (reference amount 8~20g/100L, maintained for 24h and remove it by filtration), and can also be applied in combination with enzymes (protease) and protein adsorbents.
Povidone K 25 is also used to clarify the wine and as a stabilizer to prevent discoloration (reference amount 24~72g/100L).
Clarifying agents; stabilizers; thickeners agent; tablet fillers; dispersants; Povidone K 25 of molecular weight 360,000 are often used as the clarifying agent of beer, vinegar, and grape wine.
Used as the fixing liquid for gas chromatography.
Povidone K 25 is used as a colloidal stabilizer and clarifying agent for beer clarification.
Apply proper amount according the demands of production.
Povidone K 25 can be used for pharmacy, aquaculture, and livestock disinfectant for the sterilization of the skin and mucous.
Povidone K 25 molecule has an amide bond for absorbing the hydroxyl groups located in polyphenol molecule to form hydrogen bonds, and therefore, can be used as the stabilizer of beer, fruit wine/grape wine, and drinking wine to extend their shelf life and improve the transparency, color and taste.
Povidone K 25 have two specifications: disposable type and regeneration type.
Disposable products are suitable for application by SMEs.
Renewable products demand the purchase of special filtration equipment; but since it is recyclable, it is suitable for large breweries for recycle application.
In daily cosmetics, Povidone K 25 and its copolymer has good dispersion property and filming property, and thus being able to be used as a setting lotion, hair spray and styling mousse, as opacifiers for hair care agents, as the stabilizer of shampoo foam, as wave styling agent and as the dispersants and affinity agents in hair dye.
Adding Povidone K 25 to cream, sunscreen, and hair removal agent can enhance wetting and lubricating effect.
Taking advantage of the excellent properties of Povidone K 25 such as surface activity, film-forming and non-irritating to the skin, no allergic reactions, etc., has broad prospects in its application in hair care and skin care products.

Povidone K 25 is used as an adhesive in glue sticks; an emulsifier and a disintegrant for solution polymerization; an additive to Doro's RNA extraction buffer; as a liquid-phase dispersion enhancing agent in diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) NMR and as a thickening agent in tooth whitening gels.
Povidone K 25 finds use in personal care products like shampoos and toothpastes, in ink for inkjet printers as well as in contact lens solutions.
Povidone K 25 is used as a food additive and in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine.
Povidone K 25 is used as a capping agent to synthesize silver nanowires through a polyol process.
Povidone K 25 has been used:
To perform intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure
In the preparation of endophyte coating agent mixture, to coat creeping bentgrass seed
As a component of prehybridization solution

Medical
Povidone K 25 is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets; it simply passes through the body when taken orally.
Povidone K 25 added to iodine forms a complex called povidone-iodine that possesses disinfectant properties.
Povidone K 25 is used in various products such as solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps, and surgical scrubs. Povidone K 25 is sold under the trade names Pyodine and Betadine, among others.
Povidone K 25 is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions).
For this purpose, Povidone K 25 is as effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost.
Povidone K 25 is used in some contact lenses and their packaging solutions.
Povidone K 25 reduces friction, thus acting as a lubricant, or wetting agent, built into the lens.
Examples of Povidone K 25 use include Bausch & Lomb's Ultra contact lenses with MoistureSeal Technology and Air Optix contact lens packaging solution (as an ingredient called "copolymer 845").
Povidone K 25 is used as a lubricant in some eye drops, e.g. Bausch & Lomb's Soothe.
Povidone K 25 was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s.
Povidone K 25 is not preferred as volume expander due to its ability to provoke histamine release and also interfere with blood grouping.
Autopsies have found that crospovidone (PVPP) contributes to pulmonary vascular injury in substance abusers who have injected pharmaceutical tablets intended for oral consumption.
The long-term effects of crospovidone or povidone within the lung are unknown.

Preparation
N -Vinylpyrrolidone is water-soluble and is usually polymerized in aqueous solution at about 50C with ammonia and hydrogen peroxide.
The polymer is also water-soluble and is isolated by spray-drying.
Commercial grades of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) have average molecular weights (Mv) ranging from about 10000 up to 360000.
The largest use of Povidone K 25 is in cosmetic formulations, especially hair lacquers.
In the latter applications, Povidone K 25 is the preferred film-former on account of good adhesion to hair, lustre of the film and ease of removal on washing.
Povidone K 25 is also used as a binder in pharmaceutical tablets.
Povidone K 25 also finds use in the textile industry, particularly in colour stripping operations, where the great affinity of the polymer for dyestuffs is utilized.
An interesting application of Povidone K 25 is in aqueous solution as a blood plasma substitute; such material was extensively used in Germany during the Second World War.

Production method
Povidone K 25's crude product comes from the polymerization of vinylpyrrolidone under basic catalyst or the existence of N, N'-divinyl amidine and further cross-inking reaction.
Then use water, 5% acetic acid and 50% ethanol for reflux to until extract ≤50mg/kg (for over 3h).
The 30% to 60% aqueous solution of the purified 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, in the presence of ammonia or amines and also with hydrogen peroxide as the catalyst, has cross-linking and homo-polymerization reaction at a temperature of 50 °C and subject to further purification to obtain the final product.

Production Methods
Povidone K 25 is manufactured by the Reppe process.
Acetylene and formaldehyde are reacted in the presence of a highly active copper acetylide catalyst to form butynediol, which is hydrogenated to butanediol and then cyclodehydrogenated to form butyrolactone.
Pyrrolidone is produced by reacting butyrolactone with ammonia.
This is followed by a vinylation reaction in which pyrrolidone and acetylene are reacted under pressure.
The monomer, vinylpyrrolidone, is then polymerized in the presence of a combination of catalysts to produce Povidone K 25.

Synonyms
N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE
88-12-0
1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one
N-Vinylpyrrolidone
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone
9003-39-8
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
Povidone
Vinylpyrrolidone
N-Vinylpyrrolidinone
1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one
2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-
1-Vinylpyrrolidone
Pvpp
Vinylbutyrolactam
Vinylpyrrolidinone
V-Pyrol
Luviskol
Plasdone
1-Vinylpyrrolidinone
25249-54-1
Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone
N-Vinyl pyrrolidone
1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-Vinylpyrrolidone-2
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, monomer
2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-vinyl-
PVP
NSC 10222
MPK 90
PVP 40
DTXSID2021440
143 RP
AT 717
1-vinyl-pyrrolidin-2-one
K 15
K 90
PVP-40
CHEBI:82551
MFCD00003197
NSC-10222
76H9G81541
DTXCID101440
WLN: /T5NVTJ AY*1*/
MFCD01076626
CAS-88-12-0
K 25
K 115
HSDB 7231
EINECS 201-800-4
BRN 0110513
CCRIS 8581
PovidonePVP
vinyl pyrrolidone
UNII-76H9G81541
N-vinyl-pyrrolidone
N -vinylpyrrolidinone
1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidon
POVIDONE MONOMER
VINYLBUTYLOLACTAM
N-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one
?N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone
N-vinyl pyrrolidin-2-one
N-vinyl-pyrrolidin-2-one
Crospovidone ~40,000
EC 201-800-4
SCHEMBL10869
WLN: T5NVTJ A1U1
PVP-K30
POVIDONE MONOMER [MI]
VINYL PYRROLIDONE (VP)
CHEMBL1878943
N-VINYL PYRROLIDONE [INCI]
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone(stabilized with 200ppm Ammonium hydroxide)
NSC10222
Tox21_202462
Tox21_300073
NSC114022
NSC142693
NSC683040
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (MW ~40,000)
AKOS000119985
N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE [IARC]
AT18510
CS-W020981
FG-0420
NSC-114022
NSC-142693
NSC-683040
NCGC00166252-01
NCGC00166252-02
NCGC00166252-03
NCGC00254200-01
NCGC00260011-01
2-PYRROLIDINONE, 1-ETHENYL- [HSDB]
FT-0608329
FT-0645144
FT-0655284
V0026
EN300-19745
C19548
A817742
A843417
Q420628
SR-01000944531
J-015891
SR-01000944531-1
W-100417
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
F8881-5579
Z104475034
3-CHLORO-5,6-DIFLUORO-1-BENZOTHIOPHENE-2-CARBONYLCHLORIDE
InChI=1/C6H9NO/c1-2-7-5-3-4-6(7)8/h2H,1,3-5H
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, contains sodium hydroxide as inhibitor, >=99%
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (stabilized with N,N'-Di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine)
POVIDONE K 30 (PVP K 30)
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) has important features to provide flexibility in wet granulation applications.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) has a spherical particle morphology.


CAS Number: 9003-39-8
ECNumber: 1312995-182-4
MDL Number: MFCD00149016
Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)n



SYNONYMS:
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, n-vinylpyrrolidone, 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one, n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, vinylpyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl, 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, n-vinylpyrrolidinone, 1-vinylpyrrolidone, Povidone K-30, povidone iodine, copovidone S630., povidone K90, polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K-30, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, PVP, Polyvidone, 1-Ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one, Copovidone, PVPP,
Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene] , Polyvinylpyrrolidone , PVP , Povidone, PVP K 30, Polyvidone, Povidone, Plasdone , PVP, Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene], Polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP, Povidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone, povidone, Pvp K-90, Pvp K-30, Pvp K-25, pyrrolidone, N-Vinylpyrrolidone, N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone, Vinylpyrrolidone, 1-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone, polyvidone, Povidone K30, PVP-K 30, Povidone K29/32, 1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one homopolymer, PVP K-30, PVP K30, Plasdone K29-32, Plasdone K29/32, Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30, Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-29/32, Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, Povidone K29-32, U725QWY32X, 390RMW2PEQ, KOLLIDON 30 LP, PLASDONE C-30, PLASDONE C30, POVIDONE IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY), POVIDONE K29/32 (II), POVIDONE K30 (II), PVP, K-30, PVP-K, PVP-K30, PVP-K17, PVP-K25, PVP-K90, Povidone, PVP K 30, Crospovidone, Polyinylpyrrolidone, Polyvinylpyrrolidine, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polyvinglpyrrolidone, Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly vinyl pyrrolidone



Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is abbreviated as PVP.
Vinyl is the polymer of Pyrrolidone.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is the 3 major major pharmaceutical excipients.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer made from N-Vinyl Pyrrolidone monomer.
Viscosity and adhesion strength are determined thanks to different molecular weights.
The higher the molecular weight, the stronger Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30)'s viscosity and adhesion force will be.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) has an important place in the selection of wet granulation binders.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) has important features to provide flexibility in wet granulation applications.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) has a spherical particle morphology.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is soluble in water and many organic solvents and it forms hard, transparent, glossy film.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30)appears as a white powder.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30), also known as polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyvidone, is a polymer and used as a binder in pharmaceutical tablets.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.


A polyvinyl polymer of variable molecular weight; Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as suspending and dispersing agent and vehicle for pharmaceuticals.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) acts as a stabilizer and film former.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) provides strong and stiff hold.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is a hygroscopic and amorphous polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer powder.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) shows excellent compatibility with acrylate thickeners.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) stabilizes foam, emulsions, dispersions and suspensions.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) finds application in formulating hair care products like sprays, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams, colorants and novelty stylers.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) forms clear, hard, shiny and glossy films.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is soluble in water and methyl alcohol
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is a chemical with hygroscopic properties


The purpose of using Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) in the cosmetics field is to benefit from its ability to form a hard and at the same time bright transparent film as a dispersion agent.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is a substance that is highly compatible with many chemicals.


A polyvinyl polymer of variable molecular weight; Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as suspending and dispersing agent and vehicle for pharmaceuticals.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) has the molecular formula of (C6H9NO)n and appears as a white to slightly off-white powder.
Povidone formulations are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to dissolve in both water and oil solvents.


The k number refers to the mean molecular weight of the povidone. Povidones with higher K-values (i.e., k90) are not usually given by injection due to their high molecular weights.
The higher molecular weights prevent excretion by the kidneys and lead to accumulation in the body.


The best-known example of povidone formulations is povidone-iodine, an important disinfectant.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30), also commonly called Polyvidone or Povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30), commonly known as polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer created from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is also utilized in numerous technological applications, such as hot-melt adhesives and glue sticks. batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process as a specific additive.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) acts as a stabiliser and film former, providing a strong and stiff hold.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is a hygroscopic and amorphous polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer powder that shows excellent compatibility with acrylate thickeners.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is water-soluble, and is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is a hygroscopic, amorphous polymer supplied as a white, free-flowing powder.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is considered to be physiologically inert.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is cross-linkable to a water insoluble, swellable material either in the course of vinylpyrrolidone polymerization, by addition of an appropriate multifunctional comonomer or by post-reaction, typically through hydrogen abstraction chemistry.


PVP products are recommended for dishwashing, fabric care, household cleaning, and industrial and institutional cleaning applications.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) acts as a film former and stabilizer.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) forms clear, hard, shiny and glossy films.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is a 30% hygroscopic and amorphous polyvinylpyrrolidone solution.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) provides strong and stiff hold.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) has excellent compatibility with acrylate thickeners.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30), also commercially known as K30, is a water soluble polymer.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) has a hygroscopic nature with good adhesive properties.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) has a stable pH and has the ability to form transparent films.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is a component of Denhardt′s Solution and is included at a concentration of 1% (w/v) in the standard 50X stock solution.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30), also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, is a synthetic polymer produced from the monomer vinylpyrrolidone.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is a white, free-flowing powder with a high molecular weight.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is water-soluble and has excellent film-forming and adhesive properties.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is utilized as a stabilizer, thickener, and film-forming agent in various applications such as hair gels, hair sprays, and skin care products.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) stabilizes foam, emulsions, dispersions and suspensions.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) finds application in formulating hair care products like sprays, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams, colorants and novelty stylers.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is soluble in water and many organic solvents and it forms hard, transparent, glossy film.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions. While Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a film former in hair styling products, PVP can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is a white powder, with slightly odor.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is hygroscopic.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is soluble in water, ethanol, ether and other organic solvents.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) has a wide range of usage such as:an adhesive for making gluesticks and metal adhesivesa dispersant for ceramicscoatings and inksformation of synthetic fibres and textilesporous membranes
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POVIDONE K 30 (PVP K 30):
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used to clarify beer in beer production.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is the raw material used to retain and filter sediments to clarify wine.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used in the manufacture of hair sprays to provide a thin film layer on the hair with a shiny and wet lubricating effect.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is a good stabilizer for creatine in skin care and lotions in the cosmetic industry.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) may be used as an emulsion stabiliser in creams and lotions, and as a dispersant for hair colourants.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is a compound which has been widely tested and used in human and veterinary medicine as an effective wound healing accelerator and disinfectant when combined with iodine and other compounds.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as stationary liquid for gas chromatography
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used to create a complex in the production of cosmetic products containing AHA and BEHA to eliminate fine lines on the skin and revitalize aging skin.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a base stock product in lipstick manufacturing.
In the recycling industry, Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a binder to prevent glass fiber from disintegrating during cutting with a guillotine.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used to reduce some undesirable effects on the skin due to its detoxification effect.


Some dirt remains suspended during fabric washing.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used to prevent the re-accumulation of suspended dirt.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) finds application in formulating hair care products like sprays, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams, colourants and novelty stylers.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a thickener and as a dispersing agent.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is also used as a detoxicant, a complexing agent, a lubricant and a binder.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) stabilises foam, emulsions, dispersions, and suspensions.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a bulking agent in tablets and sachets.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is a synthetic polymer used in the manufacture of hair sprays and wavy hair styling lotions.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used to increase the solubility of active substances with low solubility in drug delivery systems.


By increasing the amount of Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30), it can further increase the dissolution rate and effectiveness of the drug in the solid dispersant.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a thickening agent to prevent fading in titanium and titanium alloy facade coatings.
In addition, Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is also used as a thickener in these applications .


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a dispersing agent of liquid preparations.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) provides stabilization of drug derivatives such as heat-sensitive enzymes.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a binding agent in the production of effervescent tablets used in dysphagia treatments.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a binding agent in citrate-containing cough tablets taken orally.
The most common usage areas of Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) are pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) form is used in the cosmetics industry.


The purpose of using Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) in the cosmetics industry is to benefit from its ability to form a hard and at the same time bright transparent film as a dispersion agent.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is generally used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a thickening agent in teeth whitening gels.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used in the production of membranes such as water and dialysis.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a stabilizing agent in the production of all inorganic solar cells.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used in personal care products such as shampoos and toothpastes, paints, and adhesives that need to be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used in the production of adhesives used to combine rubber with metal.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a binding agent for tablets and capsules.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is also used as blood volume expander. See [povidone] for full details.
While PVP is used as a film former in hair styling products, Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants.


Additionally, pharmaceutical grade Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) can be used in toothpastes and mouthwashes.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is also used as blood volume expander.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a stabilizing agent in all inorganic solar cells.


Among the usage areas of Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30), the most common sector is pharmaceutical and cosmetics.
The purpose of using Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) in the cosmetics industry is to benefit from its ability to form a hard and at the same time bright transparent film as a dispersion agent.


In the adhesive industry, in the manufacture of pressure-sensitive adhesives, as a grinding stone binder, and as a viscosity changing agent in the production of ceramic type products prepared with high temperatures.
It is an important ingredient in hair sprays and lotions used to create wavy hair.


This synthetic polymer can be Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) or Pvp K-90.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used in the manufacture of adhesives used to bond rubber to metal.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a protective colloid and leveling agent in digital printing coating materials, ballpoint inks and emulsion polymers.


In the electronics industry, Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a binding agent in cathode ray tubes, printed circuits and storage batteries.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used to disperse titanium dioxide used in the textile industry.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used in the manufacturing of coating components used on the surface of aluminum, copper, zinc and nickel metals in the coating industry.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is an excipient used in pharmaceutical products to disperse and suspend drugs.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used in the production of pill form drugs used to relieve cold discomfort.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a binding agent in the production of tablets used in the dishwasher.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a binding agent for tablets and capsules.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a binder and complexing agent in agricultural applications such as plant protection, seed treatment and coating.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a thickening agent in teeth whitening gels.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used in the production of membranes such as water and dialysis.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a stabilizing agent in the production of all inorganic Solar cells.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used in personal care products such as shampoos and toothpastes, paints, and adhesives that need to be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) helps clarify the wine by removing sediments in wine production.
In the cosmetic industry, Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a complexing agent in the manufacture of skin care products and anti-aging products containing AHA-BHA.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as thickeners, dispersing agents, detoxicant, complexing agent, lubricants and binders.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is a component of Denhardt′s Solution.
Unless specified otherwise, MP Biomedical's products are for research or further manufacturing use only, not for direct human use. For more information, please contact our customer service department.


Key Applications of Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30): Thickeners | Dispersing agents | Detoxicant | Complexing agent.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a synthetic polymer vehicle for dispersing and suspending drugs.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) has multiple uses, including as a binder for tablets and capsules, a film former for ophthalmic solutions, to aid in flavoring liquids and chewable tablets, and as an adhesive for transdermal systems.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as a disintegrant and emulsifier in the solution polymerization process.
Commercial Use: Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is widely used in Food Industry & Beverage industry.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used as binders in tablets, capsules & granules, stabilizers in oral suspensions, film formers, dispersants for pigments, thickeners and bioavailability improver.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a synthetic polymer vehicle for dispersing and suspending drugs.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) has multiple uses, including as a binder for tablets and capsules, a film former for ophthalmic solutions, to aid in flavoring liquids and chewable tablets, and as an adhesive for transdermal systems


Applications of Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30): Technical grade PVP are being used in Textiles/Fibers, Adhesives, Coatings/paintings, Laundry/Household detergent, Inks, Ceramics and other hi-tech industries.
Additionally, pharmaceutical grade Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) can be used in toothpastes and mouthwashes.


Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used in several industries like adhesives, ceramics, glass and glass-fiber, inks and coatings, electronic appliances, lithography and photography, fibers and textiles, membranes, metallurgy, paper, etc.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a binder in tablet formulations, improving the cohesion of tablet ingredients.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is used for a variety of substances have a strong ability to complex adsorption.



HOW TO PRODUCE POVIDONE K 30 (PVP K 30):
How to Produce Pvp K-30?
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) production comes from the presence of N,N'- divinyl amide as a result of the polymerization of Vinylpyrrolidone under a basic catalyst and the cross-inking reaction.

Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is refluxed using a certain concentration of Acetic Acid and Ethyl Alcohol until it is extracted during the production process .
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is obtained in the presence of Ammonia and some Amines and also with Hydrogen Peroxide as catalyst. After further purification, Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is obtained.



BENEFITS OF POVIDONE K 30 (PVP K 30):
• Stabilised emulsions
• Water soluble
• Compatible with inorganic salts
• Forms a hard film



WHAT ARE POVIDONE K 30 (PVP K 30)'S PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES?
In physical appearance, Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is in the form of a free-flowing white powder.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is hygroscopic.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30)'s density is 1.69 g/cm³.

Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30)'s melting point is over 300 °C.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30)'s boiling point is in the range of 90-93 °C.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is stable under normal conditions.

But Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is not compatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) has good solubility in water.
However, Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) becomes insoluble when mixed with Ammonium Persulfate .

Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) gels in the presence of light and Dichromate oxidizing compounds.
These dichromate compounds can be Sodium Dichromate (Sodium Bichromate) .
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is soluble in many organic solvents and produces some viscosities.
The viscosity of these organic solvents varies depending on their structure.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF POVIDONE K 30 (PVP K 30):
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is a water-soluble complex that mediates a bactericidal or virucidal action following the gradual liberation of free iodine from the complex at the application site to react with the pathogen 1.
Please refer to the drug entry for Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) for the full mechanism of action of the complex.



PREPARATION METHOD OF POVIDONE K 30 (PVP K 30):
Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is obtained by polymerizing n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone in the presence of a basic catalyst or N,N'-vinyltriazole, followed by purification.

Povidone K 30 (PVP K 30) is obtained by polymerizing pyrrolidone and ethylene under pressure to form a vinyl pyrrolidone monomer by the action of a catalyst.
1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone homopolymer having an average molecular weight of 3.8x 104 and a molecular formula of (C6H9NO)n, where n represents the average number of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone moieties.



BENEFITS OF POVIDONE K 30 (PVP K 30):
- For use in enhancing liquid flavor
- Binds different Ingredients together
- Stabilizes Emulsion & Dispersion
- Maintain the viscosity of formula



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POVIDONE K 30 (PVP K 30):
CAS Number: 9003-39-8
Formula: (C6H9NO)n
Molecular Weight: 111.14 g/mol
Density: 1.2 g/cm³
Melting Point: 150-180°C
Appearance: White, solid
pH Value: 3.3
K-Value: 30.7
Residue from Combustion: 0.07%
Bullet: < 10 ppm
Aldehydes: 0.06%
Hydramines: < 1 ppm
Categories: Polymer science compounds, Hydrophilic polymers
Assay: 11.5-12.8%

Appearance (Form): Powder
Appearance (Colour): White
Maximum Limits of Impurities:
Residual Monomer Content: 0.8%
Water Content: 5%
Sulphate Ash: 0.02%
pH: 3-7
K-Value: 27-32.4
Viscosity at 25°C (5% aqueous solution): About 2.4 cP
Boiling Point/Range: 90-93°C
Molecular Formula: C6H13NO2P2
Molecular Weight: 177.12 g/mol

Appearance (Colour): White to off-white
CAS Number: 9003-39-8
Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)n
Molecular Weight: 111.144 g/mol
MDL Number: MFCD00149016 / MFCD01076626
Appearance (Colour): White to off-white
Appearance (Form): Crystalline powder
Solubility (Turbidity) 10% aqueous solution: Clear
Nitrogen (N): 11.5 - 12.5%
pH (5% aqueous solution): 3.0 - 7.0
Sulphated Ash: Max. 0.1%
Heavy Metals (Pb): Max. 0.001%
K-value: ~30
Vinyl Pyrrolidone: Max. 0.8%

Water (KF): Max. 5%
Aldehydes: Max. 0.05%
Peroxides: Max. 0.04%
Formic Acid (HPLC): Max. 0.5%
Hydrazine by TLC: Max. 0.00001%
Impurity A: Max. 0.001%
Impurity B: Max. 3.0%
Physical State (20°C): Solid
Storage: Room temperature (Recommended in a cool and dark place, <15°C)
Shelf Life: 60 months
HSN Code: 29420090
PubChem Substance ID: 87574663
Merck Index (14): 7697
Condition to Avoid: Hygroscopic

Store Under Inert Gas: Yes
CAS Number: 9003-39-8
Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)n
Molecular Weight: 111.14 g/mol
MDL Number: MFCD01076626
InChI Key: WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 6917
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:82551
IUPAC Name: 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one
SMILES: -CC(-)N1CCCC1=O
Density: 1.23–1.29 g/mL (lit.)
pH (5% aqueous solution): 2.8 to 4.2
Viscosity: 27–35 cps (1% aqueous solution)

Solubility: Soluble in water (>100 mg/mL, 2.5% aq solution), methanol,
ethanol, alcohol, chloroform, glycerol, acetic acid;
insoluble in dimethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetone,
toluene, xylene, mineral oil, carbon tetrachloride.
Melting Point: 130°C
Boiling Point: 90-93°C
Water Solubility: ≥10 g/100 mL at 20°C
Physical Form: Powder
Grade: Molecular Biology (MB)
Storage Condition: Room Temperature
Formula Weight: 35,000–51,000
Molar Mass: 111.143 g/mol



FIRST AID MEASURES of POVIDONE K 30 (PVP K 30):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POVIDONE K 30 (PVP K 30):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POVIDONE K 30 (PVP K 30):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POVIDONE K 30 (PVP K 30):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POVIDONE K 30 (PVP K 30):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POVIDONE K 30 (PVP K 30):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available


POVIDONE K 90

Povidone K 90, also known simply as Povidone or Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), is a polymer that belongs to a group of water-soluble polymers.
Povidone K 90 is a type of polyvinylpyrrolidone with a specific molecular weight range.
Povidone K 90 is widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and personal care industries for its various properties.

CAS Number: 9003-39-8
EC Number: 284-284-2

Polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP, Povidone K 90, Povidone K30, PVP K30, PVP K90, PVP-I, Polyvidone, Poly[N-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one], Crospovidone, PVPP, N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymer, E1201, 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymer, 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymer, N-Vinylpyrrolidone homopolymer, Polyvidonum, Povidone K15, Povidone K17, Povidone K25, Povidone K29/32, Povidone K60, Povidone K85, PVP iodine complex, PVP/VA copolymer, PVP/VA S-630, PVP/VA 64, PVP/VA W-735, PVP/VA E-335, PVP/VA 73W, PVP/VA 64P, PVP/VA S-630 (W), PVP/VA 73W (W), PVP/VA 735, PVP/VA W-735 (W), PVP/VA 64L, PVP/VA 735L, PVP/VA E-335 (W), PVP/VA S-333, PVP/VA E-335 (W) (W), PVP/VA 73L, PVP/VA W-930, PVP/VA 923, PVP/VA 64L (W), PVP/VA W-930 (W), PVP/VA 923L, PVP/VA 64P (W), PVP/VA E-335 (W) (W), PVP/VA S-630 (W) (W), PVP/VA 73W (W) (W), PVP/VA 64L (W) (W), PVP/VA W-735 (W) (W), PVP/VA 735L (W) (W), PVP/VA W-930 (W) (W), PVP/VA 923L (W) (W), PVP/VA S-630, PVP/VA E-335, PVP/VA W-930, PVP/VA 923



APPLICATIONS


Povidone K 90 is extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry as a binder in tablet formulations, enhancing tablet cohesion.
In oral care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwashes, Povidone K 90 contributes to product stability and consistency.

The film-forming properties of Povidone K 90 make it valuable in cosmetics, where it is used in formulations like hairsprays.
As a stabilizing agent, Povidone K 90 enhances the quality and shelf life of various topical preparations, including creams and gels.

Povidone K 90 serves as a disintegrant in pharmaceutical tablets, aiding in their quick disintegration for optimal drug absorption.
Povidone K 90 is utilized in the production of fast-dissolving oral films, contributing to the rapid release of medication.
Povidone K 90 is included in certain formulations to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs.

The hygroscopic nature of Povidone K 90 makes it suitable for use in formulations requiring moisture retention.
Different grades of Povidone, such as PVP K30 and PVP K90, are employed in pharmaceutical applications with specific molecular weight requirements.

Povidone K 90 is used in over-the-counter medications due to its pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties.
Povidone K 90 serves as an antiseptic in healthcare and first aid products.
In the production of specialty coatings for pharmaceutical tablets, Povidone ensures uniformity and stability.
Povidone K 90 is found in oral care products, providing benefits such as enhanced texture and improved product consistency.
Its biocompatibility makes Povidone suitable for use in medical devices, wound care products, and surgical applications.

Povidone K 90 is employed in the development of transdermal drug delivery systems to enhance drug absorption through the skin.
Povidone K 90 is used in the food industry as a clarifying agent in the production of beverages.
In the textile industry, PVP is utilized as a dye carrier and for its film-forming properties in sizing agents.

Povidone K 90 is included in the production of contact lens solutions as a lubricating and wetting agent.
Povidone K 90 is employed in the paper industry to improve paper strength and reduce linting.
Povidone K 90 is utilized in hair care products, such as styling gels and mousses, for its film-forming and stabilizing effects.

In the production of adhesives, Povidone K 90 serves as a thickening agent and enhances adhesive properties.
Povidone K 90 is used in the cosmetic industry for its ability to form clear and stable solutions in various formulations.
Povidone K 90 is employed in the production of paints and coatings for its film-forming and dispersing properties.

In the construction industry, Povidone K 90 is used in cement formulations to improve workability and reduce water demand.
Povidone K 90 continues to find applications across various industries due to its versatility, safety, and beneficial properties.

Povidone K 90 is a crucial component in the formulation of veterinary pharmaceuticals, ensuring proper drug delivery and efficacy in animals.
In the production of ophthalmic solutions, PVP is used as a stabilizer to maintain the clarity and stability of the solution.
Povidone K 90 is employed in the manufacturing of wound care products, such as wound dressings and gauze, providing moisture retention and adherence.
The film-forming properties of PVP make it valuable in the production of peel-off masks and skincare patches.

Povidone K 90 is used in the development of transdermal patches to facilitate the controlled release of medications through the skin.
In the printing industry, PVP is utilized as a binder in ink formulations, improving adhesion to various surfaces.
Povidone K 90 is included in the production of instant cold packs, contributing to the gel-like consistency when activated.

Povidone K 90 finds application in the creation of adhesives for various industries, enhancing bonding strength.
Povidone K 90 is utilized in the agricultural sector as a component in crop protection formulations, ensuring uniform distribution of active ingredients.

In the manufacturing of photographic emulsions, Povidone is used as a protective colloid for the dispersion of light-sensitive silver halide crystals.
Povidone K 90 is employed in the development of air fresheners and deodorizing products for its ability to encapsulate and release fragrances.
The cosmetic industry utilizes Povidone in the production of mascara, contributing to the formulation's texture and adherence to lashes.

Povidone K 90 is included in the creation of hair care products like shampoos and conditioners for its conditioning and film-forming properties.
In the production of ceramics, Povidone serves as a binder, contributing to the green strength of molded ceramic articles.

Povidone K 90 is used in the formulation of detergents and cleaning products, improving the stability and viscosity of the solutions.
Povidone K 90 is employed in the manufacturing of biodegradable plastics, enhancing their mechanical properties and processability.
The food industry utilizes PVP as a clarifying agent in the production of beer and wine, aiding in the removal of haze-forming substances.

Povidone K 90 is included in the creation of smoke-generating formulations for firefighting training exercises and signaling devices.
In the textile industry, Povidone is used in dyeing processes as a dye dispersant, improving color uniformity.
Povidone K 90 is employed in the formulation of battery electrolytes, contributing to the stability and performance of the electrolyte solution.
The construction industry utilizes Povidone K 90 in the production of concrete admixtures, improving workability and reducing water demand.

Povidone K 90 is included in the formulation of antifreeze products, aiding in the prevention of scale and corrosion in cooling systems.
In the manufacturing of latex gloves, Povidone is employed as a coating agent to facilitate easy donning and doffing.
Povidone K 90 is utilized in the creation of film coatings for pharmaceutical tablets, providing a protective and aesthetically pleasing layer.
Povidone K 90 continues to find innovative applications across diverse industries, showcasing its adaptability and versatility.

Povidone K 90 is utilized in the formulation of photovoltaic devices to improve the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells.
The cosmetic industry employs Povidone in the creation of nail polishes for its film-forming and adhesive properties.
Povidone K 90 is used in the production of inkjet inks to enhance color stability and prevent clogging of printheads.

In the agricultural sector, Povidone is included in seed coatings to improve germination rates and protect seeds from environmental stress.
Povidone K 90 is utilized in the manufacturing of ion exchange resins, contributing to their stability and ion absorption capabilities.

Povidone K 90 is found in the formulation of fuel additives, where it acts as a dispersant to prevent the formation of deposits in engines.
The textile industry uses PVP in sizing agents to improve fiber cohesion and reduce yarn breakage during weaving.
Povidone K 90 is employed in the creation of chromatography resins, aiding in the separation of biomolecules in bioprocessing.

In the production of detergents and laundry products, PVP improves the stability of enzymes and enhances cleaning efficiency.
Povidone K 90 is included in the formulation of wound sealants, providing a protective barrier and promoting tissue adhesion.
The pharmaceutical industry utilizes Povidone in the creation of nasal sprays, ensuring proper drug delivery and absorption.
Povidone K 90 is found in the formulation of oral care products like mouthwash, contributing to its viscosity and stability.

Povidone K 90 is employed in the creation of fuel cell membranes, improving the conductivity and durability of the membranes.
In the paint and coatings industry, PVP is used as a thickening agent, enhancing the viscosity and application properties of coatings.
Povidone K 90 is included in the formulation of lubricating eye drops, providing comfort and moisture to dry eyes.
Povidone K 90 finds application in the creation of anti-fog coatings for eyeglasses and camera lenses.

The semiconductor industry uses PVP in the production of photoresists, facilitating the patterning process in microfabrication.
Povidone K 90 is employed in the formulation of wound care products like adhesive tapes, providing secure and comfortable adhesion.

Povidone K 90 is utilized in the development of hydrogels for medical applications, such as wound dressings and drug delivery systems.
Povidone K 90 is found in the formulation of adhesives for postage stamps, ensuring secure bonding and adhesion to envelopes.
In the creation of antistatic coatings for plastics and textiles, Povidone helps prevent the buildup of static electricity.

Povidone K 90 is used in the formulation of anti-aging skincare products, contributing to the texture and effectiveness of the formulations.
Povidone K 90 finds application in the production of imaging agents for medical diagnostic purposes, improving contrast in imaging techniques.

Povidone K 90 is included in the formulation of specialty inks for screen printing, ensuring durability and adhesion on various surfaces.
Povidone K 90 continues to be explored for emerging applications, showcasing its adaptability and versatility in various industries.



DESCRIPTION


Povidone K 90, also known simply as Povidone or Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), is a polymer that belongs to a group of water-soluble polymers.
Povidone K 90 is a type of polyvinylpyrrolidone with a specific molecular weight range.
Povidone K 90 is widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and personal care industries for its various properties.

The chemical structure of Povidone K 90 consists of repeating units of 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone.
Povidone K 90 is commonly produced by the polymerization of vinylpyrrolidone monomers.
The molecular weight of Povidone can vary, and different grades, such as Povidone K 90, indicate specific molecular weight ranges.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, commonly known as Povidone or PVP, is a versatile water-soluble polymer.

Povidone K 90 is characterized by its ability to form clear and colorless solutions in water.
Povidone K 90 is derived from the polymerization of vinylpyrrolidone monomers.
Povidone K 90 is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as a binder in tablet formulations.
Povidone K 90 serves as a stabilizing agent and enhances the consistency of ointments, creams, and gels.

Povidone K 90 exhibits hygroscopic behavior, allowing it to absorb and retain moisture from the environment.
Its film-forming properties make it valuable in various applications requiring a thin, uniform film.
The chemical structure of Povidone consists of repeating units of 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone.

Povidone K 90 is commonly found in oral care products, contributing to their stability and consistency.
In cosmetics, Povidone K 90 is used in formulations like hair sprays for its film-forming characteristics.
As a disintegrant in pharmaceutical tablets, PVP aids in the quick disintegration of the tablet in the digestive system.

Povidone K 90 has a long history of safe use and is considered biocompatible in various applications.
Povidone K 90 is often included in topical preparations to enhance the overall quality of the product.
Povidone K 90 can be employed as a binder in the production of fast-dissolving oral films.

In the pharmaceutical industry, different grades of Povidone, such as PVP K30 and PVP K90, indicate specific molecular weight ranges.
The solubility of PVP in water allows for easy incorporation into various aqueous formulations.
Povidone K 90 is known for its stabilizing effects in certain formulations, contributing to product shelf life.
Povidone K 90 is part of the excipients used to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Its hygroscopic nature makes Povidone suitable for use in formulations requiring moisture retention.
The polymer is utilized in the production of specialty coatings for pharmaceutical tablets.
Povidone K 90 is found in some over-the-counter medications due to its pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties.

In the production of toothpaste, Povidone contributes to the product's texture and consistency.
Povidone K 90 iodine complex is utilized as an antiseptic in various healthcare and first aid products.
Povidone K 90 plays a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry, ensuring the effectiveness and stability of drug formulations.
This water-soluble polymer continues to be an essential ingredient in a wide range of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and personal care applications.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: (C6H9NO)n, where n represents the number of repeating units in the polymer chain.
Molecular Weight: Varies depending on the specific grade of Povidone (e.g., PVP K30, PVP K90).
Chemical Structure: Consists of repeating units of 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone.
CAS Number: 9003-39-8.
Solubility: Highly soluble in water, forming clear and colorless solutions.
Appearance: Typically white or off-white powder or solid.
Odor: Generally odorless.
Melting Point: Decomposes before reaching a specific melting point.
Boiling Point: Decomposes under high temperatures.
Density: Varies depending on the molecular weight and specific form of Povidone.
pH: PVP solutions are typically neutral.
Hygroscopicity: Exhibits hygroscopic behavior, absorbing and retaining moisture from the environment.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If PVP dust or aerosol is inhaled and respiratory discomfort occurs, move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, promptly wash the affected area with soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing and ensure thorough rinsing of the skin.
If irritation or allergic reactions occur, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

If PVP comes into contact with the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists or if there is any sign of injury.


Ingestion:

If PVP is ingested accidentally, rinse the mouth with water.
Ingesting PVP is generally not harmful, but seek medical attention if there are concerns or if large amounts are ingested.


General First Aid Measures:

If any adverse reactions, such as skin irritation or respiratory discomfort, occur after exposure to PVP, seek medical assistance promptly.
If seeking medical attention, provide healthcare professionals with details about the specific PVP product and the nature of exposure.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and safety goggles, when handling Povidone.
Use chemical-resistant gloves to minimize skin contact.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.
If handling in an enclosed space, ensure proper ventilation systems are in place.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid direct skin and eye contact with Povidone.
Take precautions to prevent inhalation of dust or aerosols.

Handling Procedures:
Follow good manufacturing and laboratory practices when working with Povidone.
Use appropriate tools and equipment to minimize the generation of dust or aerosols.

Spill Response:
In case of a spill, use suitable absorbent materials to contain and clean up the spilled substance.
Dispose of waste according to local regulations.

Storage Compatibility:
Store Povidone away from incompatible materials, such as strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.
Check compatibility with storage containers to prevent chemical reactions.

Labeling:
Ensure containers are properly labeled with the correct product information, hazard symbols, and safety precautions.
Maintain clear and visible labeling on secondary containers in case of transfer.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Povidone in a cool, dry place.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, as excessive heat or cold may affect the stability of the substance.

Container Integrity:
Ensure that storage containers are tightly sealed to prevent contamination or evaporation.
Regularly inspect containers for any signs of damage or leaks.

Ventilation During Storage:
If stored in an enclosed area, provide adequate ventilation to prevent the accumulation of vapors.

Storage Conditions:
Store Povidone in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Keep the substance away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials.

Separation from Food and Feed:
Store Povidone away from food, beverages, and animal feed.
Use separate storage areas to avoid cross-contamination.

Handling Precautions:
Follow proper handling procedures when transferring Povidone between containers or dispensing it for use.
Minimize the risk of spills during storage and handling.

Fire Prevention:
Povidone is generally not flammable, but it's advisable to keep it away from open flames, sparks, or potential ignition sources.
Store in areas compliant with fire safety regulations.

Emergency Response:
Have appropriate emergency response equipment, such as spill containment materials and fire extinguishers, readily available.
Povidon Iodine
Betadine; Wokadine; Pyodine; Polyvidone Iodine CAS:25655-41-8
POWERCON 100
Powercon 100 IUPAC Name sodium;naphthalene-1-sulfonate Powercon 100 InChI 1S/C10H8O3S.Na/c11-14(12,13)10-7-3-5-8-4-1-2-6-9(8)10;/h1-7H,(H,11,12,13);/q;+1/p-1 Powercon 100 InChI Key HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Powercon 100 Canonical SMILES C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+] Powercon 100 Molecular Formula C10H7NaO3S Powercon 100 CAS 130-14-3 Powercon 100 Deprecated CAS 1081846-88-9 Powercon 100 European Community (EC) Number 204-976-0 Powercon 100 UNII MAI7V3C3PN Powercon 100 DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID3042394 Powercon 100 Molecular Weight 230.22 g/mol Powercon 100 Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0 Powercon 100 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 3 Powercon 100 Rotatable Bond Count 1 Powercon 100 Exact Mass 230.00136 g/mol Powercon 100 Monoisotopic Mass 230.00136 g/mol Powercon 100 Topological Polar Surface Area 65.6 Ų Powercon 100 Heavy Atom Count 15 Powercon 100 Formal Charge 0 Powercon 100 Complexity 296 Powercon 100 Isotope Atom Count 0 Powercon 100 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Powercon 100 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Powercon 100 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Powercon 100 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Powercon 100 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2 Powercon 100 Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Powercon 100 reduces the viscosity and improve the fluidity of concentrated slurries or solids dispersed in water.Powercon 100, for instance, gives better strength to the concrete with less use of water. These effects are derived from the electrical negative charge that is imparted from PWERCON producing electrostatic repulsive forces to keep the particles separated.Powercon 100 is sodium salt of polymerized naphthalene sulfonic acid.Powercon 100 is cost-effective dispersant, fluidifier and high-range water reducing agent, which exhibits excellent rheological properties especially in concrete and gypsum board.Powercon 100 with its excellent rheological properties is used as the raw material for the admixture of concrete to produce high compressive strength (400~1,000 kg/cm2) concrete and improves the workability for concrete mixture. Concrete admixture with Powercon 100 also reduces the dry shrinkage of concrete without excess bleeding and gives an excellent smooth concrete surface.Powercon 100 was employed as a detection reagent to investigate ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatographic retention behavior of copper(II)-1-oxa-4,7,10,13-tetraazacyclopentadecane complex.[1] It was also employed as a stationary liquid phase for resolution of dichlorophenol isomers by GC.
PPG 10 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether (also known as Decaglyceryl Monostearate or PEG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether) is an emulsifying and thickening agent used in various cosmetic, personal care, and pharmaceutical products.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is derived from natural sources such as corn, wheat, and sugar beets and is commonly used as an alternative to synthetic ingredients.

CAS Number: 61849-72-7



APPLICATIONS


PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and lotions.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used as a conditioning agent in hair care products to improve the texture and manageability of hair.

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can also be used as an emulsifier to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions in personal care products.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can improve the spreadability and skin feel of skin care products like creams and lotions.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is often used as a viscosity controlling agent to adjust the thickness of personal care products.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can also be used as a solubilizer to dissolve lipophilic ingredients in water-based products.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in makeup products like foundations, concealers, and lipsticks to improve their texture and application.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can improve the skin feel and texture of sunscreens and other UV protection products.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used as a foaming agent in personal care products like shower gels and bubble baths.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is commonly used in baby care products like baby shampoos and lotions due to its gentle and mild nature.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in hair styling products like mousses and gels to provide hold and control.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in shaving creams and gels to improve the glide of the razor and reduce irritation.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is often used in bath products like bath oils and salts to improve the emulsion stability and skin feel.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in deodorant and antiperspirant products to improve the spreadability and skin feel.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can also be used as a fragrance ingredient to enhance the scent of personal care products.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is commonly used in facial cleansers and scrubs to provide mild exfoliation and improve the skin feel.

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in hand sanitizers and other disinfecting products as a viscosity controlling agent.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in foot care products like creams and scrubs to improve the texture and soften calluses.

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in after-sun care products like gels and lotions to soothe and hydrate sunburned skin.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in hair removal products like depilatory creams and lotions to improve the spreadability and skin feel.

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in dental care products like toothpaste and mouthwash to improve the texture and mouthfeel.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in pet care products like shampoos and conditioners to improve the texture and shine of the fur.

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in massage oils and lotions to improve the glide and spreadability.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in personal lubricants to improve the texture and reduce irritation.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in wound care products like hydrogels and dressings to improve the wound healing process.


PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether has various applications in different industries.
Some of the common applications of PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether are:

Personal care products:

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used as a thickening agent in personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, shower gels, and facial cleansers.


Cosmetics:

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and makeup products.


Cleaning products:

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used as a surfactant in cleaning products such as laundry detergents and dishwashing liquids.


Textile industry:

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used as a finishing agent for textiles to improve the texture and feel of the fabric.


Adhesives:

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used as a binding agent in adhesives.


Agriculture:

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in pesticides and insecticides as a surfactant to improve the effectiveness of the active ingredients.


Paints and coatings:

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used as a thickening and dispersing agent in paints and coatings.


Paper industry:

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in the paper industry as a coating agent to improve the paper's quality and texture.


Food industry:

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in the food industry as a thickening and stabilizing agent in products such as salad dressings and sauces.


Pharmaceuticals:

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a solubilizer and emulsifier for active ingredients in various drug formulations.


Water treatment:

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in water treatment as a coagulant to remove impurities and improve the water quality.


Oil and gas industry:

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in the oil and gas industry as a demulsifier to separate oil and water.


Rubber industry:

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in the rubber industry as a plasticizer and softening agent.


Metalworking:

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in metalworking as a lubricant and cooling agent.


Construction industry:

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in the construction industry as a plasticizer for concrete and as a binder for gypsum products.


PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is widely used in personal care products as a thickener and emulsifier.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is commonly used in hair care products, such as shampoos and conditioners, to provide a smooth texture and improve hair manageability.

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can also be used in skincare products, such as moisturizers and lotions, to provide a soft and silky texture to the skin.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in many cosmetic formulations, including makeup products like foundations, primers, and concealers, to improve the texture and spreadability.
In oral care products, such as toothpaste, PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used to improve the thickness and texture of the product.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is also used in deodorants and antiperspirants to improve the texture and provide a smooth application.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in sun care products to help provide water resistance and improve the texture of the product.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in baby care products, such as baby wipes, to provide a soft and gentle texture.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in pharmaceutical formulations as a binder and disintegrant.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in pet care products, such as shampoos and conditioners, to provide a soft and silky texture to the animal's fur.

In household cleaning products, such as laundry detergents, PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used as a thickener and stabilizer.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in industrial cleaning products, such as degreasers and solvent cleaners, to help improve the viscosity and stability of the product.

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in agricultural formulations as a surfactant and emulsifier.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in the food industry as a stabilizer and thickener.
In the paper and pulp industry, PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used as a wetting agent and dispersant.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in adhesives and sealants to provide a smooth texture and improve adhesion.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in textile processing as a thickener and stabilizer.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in the rubber industry as a processing aid and dispersant.

In the construction industry, PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used as an additive in cement and concrete to improve the workability and strength.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in oil and gas drilling fluids as a rheology modifier and emulsifier.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in the manufacturing of paints and coatings to improve the texture and flow properties.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in the electronics industry as a cleaning agent and as an additive in soldering fluxes.

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in the mining industry as a flotation agent and dispersant.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in the water treatment industry as a flocculant and coagulant aid.
In the printing industry, PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used as a dispersant and thickener for inks and coatings.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in the manufacturing of ceramics as a binding agent and dispersant.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in the production of detergents as a thickener and stabilizer.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be used in the manufacturing of fragrances and flavors as a carrier and stabilizer.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is commonly used in skin care products such as lotions and creams to provide a silky feel.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is often used in hair care products such as shampoos and conditioners to improve their texture and feel.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can also be found in shaving products like gels and creams to improve their texture.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is a popular ingredient in baby care products such as baby wipes, creams, and lotions due to its mild and gentle nature.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in sun care products such as sunscreens and after-sun lotions to enhance the skin feel.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can also be found in facial cleansers and masks to help improve the texture of the product.

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in deodorants and antiperspirants to improve the texture and skin feel of the product.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is commonly used in body washes and shower gels to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin.

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be found in toothpaste and mouthwash products to improve the texture of the product.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is often used in hand sanitizers and antibacterial products to help improve the skin feel and texture.

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in makeup products such as foundations and powders to enhance the texture and application of the product.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is commonly used in hair styling products such as gels, mousses, and sprays to enhance the texture and hold of the product.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be found in lip care products such as lip balms and lipsticks to improve the texture and feel of the product.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is commonly used in wound care products such as dressings and ointments to enhance the texture and application of the product.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be found in pet care products such as shampoos and conditioners to improve the texture and feel of the product.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is commonly used in cleaning products such as soaps and detergents to improve the texture and cleaning properties of the product.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in fragrance products such as perfumes and colognes to enhance the texture and application of the product.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be found in food products such as dressings, sauces, and baked goods as a texture and viscosity enhancer.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in agricultural products such as herbicides and insecticides to improve the texture and application of the product.

PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is commonly used in automotive products such as lubricants and fuel additives to improve the texture and viscosity of the product.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be found in industrial products such as adhesives and coatings as a viscosity and texture enhancer.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in textile products such as fabric softeners and laundry detergents to improve the texture and feel of the product.

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be found in paint and coating products to improve the viscosity and texture of the product.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is used in construction products such as concrete and mortar as a viscosity enhancer.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether can be found in personal lubricant products to enhance the texture and feel of the product.



DESCRIPTION


PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether (also known as Decaglyceryl Monostearate or PEG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether) is an emulsifying and thickening agent used in various cosmetic, personal care, and pharmaceutical products.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is derived from natural sources such as corn, wheat, and sugar beets and is commonly used as an alternative to synthetic ingredients.

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is a glyceryl ether of methylglucoside that has a molecular weight of approximately 540 g/mol.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is a yellowish-white powder that is soluble in water and ethanol.

The primary function of PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is to act as an emulsifier, which helps to mix oil and water-based ingredients in a product.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether also serves as a thickening agent and helps to improve the texture and consistency of the product.

In addition to its emulsifying and thickening properties, PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether also has moisturizing properties that can help to improve the hydration and overall health of the skin.
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is commonly used in various cosmetic and personal care products such as lotions, creams, gels, and shampoos.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is also used in some pharmaceutical products as an excipient.

As a natural and biodegradable ingredient, PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is considered safe for use in cosmetic and personal care products.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is generally well-tolerated by the skin and does not cause any significant side effects.

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether (MG-10) is a non-ionic, water-soluble polymer that belongs to the family of alkyl polyglucosides.
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is a clear to slightly hazy liquid with a mild odor and is commonly used as a viscosity builder, emulsifier, and skin conditioning agent in various personal care and cosmetic products.


Some of the key properties of PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether are:

Water solubility:
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is highly water-soluble and can dissolve in both hot and cold water.

Viscosity:
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether has the ability to increase the viscosity of aqueous solutions and form gels.

Stability:
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is stable over a wide range of pH levels and temperatures, making it suitable for use in a variety of formulations.

Emulsification:
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether can emulsify oils and other hydrophobic ingredients in water-based systems.

Mildness:
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is gentle on the skin and eyes and is considered to be non-irritating and non-sensitizing.

Biodegradability:
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is readily biodegradable, which makes it an environmentally friendly ingredient.

Compatibility:
PPG 10 Methyl Glucose Ether is compatible with a wide range of other cosmetic ingredients, including surfactants, thickeners, and preservatives.


Overall, PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether is a versatile and multifunctional ingredient that offers several benefits in personal care and cosmetic formulations.



PROPERTIES


Chemical formula: C19H38O10
Molecular weight: 430.5 g/mol
Appearance: Clear to slightly hazy, viscous liquid
Solubility: Soluble in water and ethanol, insoluble in oils and hydrocarbons
pH: 5.5 - 7.5
Density: 1.11 g/cm³
Viscosity: 2500 - 7000 cP
Hydroxyl value: 180 - 230 mg KOH/g
Flash point: > 100°C (closed cup)
Boiling point: Decomposes before boiling


Note that these values can vary depending on the specific grade and manufacturer of PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Remove the person to a well-ventilated area.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Seek medical attention immediately.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse affected skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Rinse eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes while holding eyelids open.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do so, and continue rinsing.
Seek medical attention if eye irritation persists.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse mouth thoroughly with water and drink plenty of water if conscious.
Seek medical attention immediately.


Notes to Physician:

Treatment should be based on the symptoms of the patient and on the severity of the exposure.
No specific antidote is available.
In case of ingestion, gastric lavage may be considered if the amount ingested is potentially life-threatening.
Treat symptomatically.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact. Wear protective gloves and clothing when handling the material.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.
Avoid contact with eyes, as it may cause irritation.

In case of eye contact, rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention if necessary.
Avoid ingestion.
If swallowed, do not induce vomiting and seek medical attention immediately.


Storage:

Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition.
Keep container tightly closed when not in use.
Store away from incompatible materials such as strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.
Do not store near food or beverages.

Store in a designated area with proper labeling and keep out of reach of children and unauthorized personnel.
Ensure that storage area is equipped with appropriate fire-fighting equipment and spill-containment materials.
Keep the material away from direct sunlight, ultraviolet radiation, and extreme temperatures.



SYNONYMS


Methyl Gluceth-10
Methyl Glucose Ether-10
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether
PPG-10 Methyl Glucoside
Methyl Glucoside Polypropylene Glycol Ether
Polypropylene Glycol 10 Methyl Glucose Ether
Methyl Glucose Polypropylene Glycol Ether 10
Methyl Gluceth-10 Ether
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(2-(methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)-.omega.-((2-
(((2-(methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)ethoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethoxy)-
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester, polymer with ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and 1,2,3-propanetriol
Methyl Glucose Ether
Methyl Glucoside
Methyl Gluceth
Methyl Gluceth-10
PEG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether
PEG-10 Methyl Gluceth
PEG-10 Methyl Gluceth-10
Gluceth-10
Gluceth-10 Methacrylate Crosspolymer
Gluceth-10 Laurate
Gluceth-10 Stearate
Gluceth-10 Acetate
Gluceth-10 Hydroxypropyl Dimonium Chloride
Gluceth-10 PEG-75 Lanolin Oil
Gluceth-10 Tristearate
Gluceth-10 Cocoate
Gluceth-10 Isostearate
Gluceth-10 Methacrylate
Gluceth-10 Phosphate
Gluceth-10 Sesquistearate
Gluceth-10 Trioleate
Gluceth-10 Behenate
Gluceth-10 Dioleate
Gluceth-10 Laurate/Myristate
Gluceth-10 Methacrylate/Styrene Crosspolymer
Gluceth-10 Triisostearate
Methyl Gluceth-20
Methyl Gluceth-21
Methyl Gluceth-25
Methyl Gluceth-6.5 Triacetate
Methyl Gluceth-10
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(2-methylglucosyl)-omega-hydroxy-
2-Methylglucoside, polymer with ethylene oxide
Methyl gluceth-10 acetate
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether Acetate
Methyl glucoside-10 acetate
Polyethylene glycol methyl glucose ether
Methyl gluceth-10 benzoate
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether Benzoate
Methyl Gluceth-10 succinate
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-(2-methylglucosyl)-ω-(octyloxy)-
Methyl Gluceth-10 hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether Laurate
Methyl Gluceth-10 lactate
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-(2-methylglucosyl)-ω-hydroxy-, C10-16 alkyl ethers
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether Oleate
Methyl gluceth-10 palmitate
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether Palmitate
Methyl gluceth-10 stearate
PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether Stearate
PPG 2000  (POLI PROPILEN GLIKOL 2000)
Polypropylene glycol 4000; Methylethyl glycol; Methylethylene glycol; 1,2-Propanediol; alpha-Propylene glycol; Methyl glycol; Monopropylene glycol; PG; 1,2-Dihydroxypropane; 1,2-Propylene Glycol; 2-Hydroxypropanol; 2,3-Propanediol; Propane-1,2-diol; Trimethyl glycol; 1,2-Propylenglykol; Isopropylene glycol; cas no: 25322-69-4
PPG 4000
PPG 4000 PPG 4000 is clear, colorless, slightly syrupy liquid at room temperature. It may exist in air in the vapor form, although PPG 4000 must be heated or briskly shaken to produce a vapor. PPG 4000 is practically odorless and tasteless. PPG-4000 is a bifunctional polyether polyol. Suitable for the production of polyurethane adhesives. Shelf life of ARCOL POLYOL PPG-4000 is 12 months. What is PPG 4000? PPG 4000 is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water. PPG 4000 is also used to make polyester compounds, and as a base for deicing solutions. PPG 4000 is used by the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries as an antifreeze when leakage might lead to contact with food. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified PPG 4000 as an additive that is "generally recognized as safe" for use in food. It is used to absorb extra water and maintain moisture in certain medicines, cosmetics, or food products. It is a solvent for food colors and flavors, and in the paint and plastics industries. PPG 4000 is also used to create artificial smoke or fog used in fire-fighting training and in theatrical productions. Other names for PPG 4000 are 1,2-dihydroxypropane, 1,2-propanediol, methyl glycol, and trimethyl glycol. Laboratory S-Propanediol is synthesized from via fermentation methods. Lactic acid and lactaldehyde are common intermediates. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate, one of the two products of breakdown (glycolysis) of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, is a precursor to methylglyoxal. This conversion is the basis of a potential biotechnological route to the commodity chemical 1,2-propanediol. Three-carbon deoxysugars are also precursor to the 1,2-diol.[4] Applications Polymers Forty-five percent of PPG 4000 produced is used as a chemical feedstock for the production of unsaturated polyester resins. In this regard, PPG 4000 reacts with a mixture of unsaturated maleic anhydride and isophthalic acid to give a copolymer. This partially unsaturated polymer undergoes further crosslinking to yield thermoset plastics. Related to this application, PPG 4000 reacts with propylene oxide to give oligomers and polymers that are used to produce polyurethanes.[4] PPG 4000 is used in waterbased acrylic architectural paints to extend dry time which it accomplishes by preventing the surface from drying due to its slower evaporation rate compared to water. Food PPG 4000 is also used in various edible items such as coffee-based drinks, liquid sweeteners, ice cream, whipped dairy products and soda. Vaporizers used for delivery of pharmaceuticals or personal-care products often include PPG 4000 among the ingredients. In alcohol-based hand sanitizers, it is used as a humectant to prevent the skin from drying.[11] PPG 4000 is used as a solvent in many pharmaceuticals, including oral, injectable, and topical formulations. Many pharmaceutical drugs which are insoluble in water utilize PPG 4000 as a solvent and carrier; benzodiazepine tablets are one example.[12] PPG 4000 is also used as a solvent and carrier for many pharmaceutical capsule preparations. Additionally, certain formulations of artificial tears use proplyene glycol as an ingredient. PPG 4000 is commonly used to de-ice aircraft Antifreeze The freezing point of water is depressed when mixed with PPG 4000. It is used as aircraft de-icing fluid.[4][14] Water-PPG 4000 mixtures dyed pink to indicate the mixture is relatively nontoxic are sold under the name of RV or marine antifreeze. PPG 4000 is frequently used as a substitute for ethylene glycol in low toxicity, environmentally friendly automotive antifreeze. It is also used to winterize the plumbing systems in vacant structures.[15] The eutectic composition/temperature is 60:40 PPG 4000:water/-60 °C. The −50 °F/−45 °C commercial product is, however, water rich; a typical formulation is 40:60.[18] Electronic cigarettes liquid PPG 4000 is often used in electronic cigarettes. Along with vegetable glycerin as the main ingredient (<1–92%) in e-liquid used in electronic cigarettes, where it is aerosolized to resemble smoke. It serves as both the carrier for substances like nicotine and cannabinoids, as well as for creating a vapor which resembles smoke. FEATURES May also be included as a component in other urethane products & applications. Coatings Adhesives Sealants Elastomers Polypropylene glycols are liquids, mostly insoluble in water, used to suppress foaming in industrial processes and for making polyurethane resins, hydraulic fluids, and various other materials. PPG 4000 or polypropylene oxide is the polymer of propylene glycol. Chemically it is a polyether, and, more generally speaking, it's a polyalkylene glycol (PAG). The term PPG 4000 or PPG 4000 is reserved for low to medium range molar mass polymer when the nature of the end-group, which is usually a hydroxyl group, still matters. The term "oxide" is used for high molar mass polymer when end-groups no longer affect polymer properties. In 2003, 60% of the annual production of propylene oxide of 6.6×106 tonnes was converted into the polymer. Miscellaneous applications A bottle of flavored e-liquid for vaping shows PPG 4000 as one of the main ingredients along with vegetable glycerin. PPG 4000 (often abbreviated 'PPG') has many applications. Some common applications see PPG 4000 used: As a solvent for many substances, both natural and synthetic. As a humectant (E1520). As a freezing point depressant for slurry ice. In veterinary medicine as an oral treatment for hyperketonaemia in ruminants. In the cosmetics industry, where PPG 4000 is very commonly used as a carrier or base for various types of makeup. For trapping and preserving insects (including as a DNA preservative).[23] For the creation of theatrical smoke and fog in special effects for film and live entertainment. So-called 'smoke machines' or 'hazers' vaporize a mixture of PPG 4000 and water to create the illusion of smoke. While many of these machines use a PPG 4000-based fuel, some use oil. Those which use PPG 4000 do so in a process that is identical to how electronic cigarettes work; utilizing a heating element to produce a dense vapor. The vapor produced by these machines has the aesthetic look and appeal of smoke, but without exposing performers and stage crew to the harms and odors associated with actual smoke. As an additive in PCR to reduce the melting temperature of nucleic acids for targeting of GC rich sequences. 1.2 What happens to PPG 4000 when it enters the environment? Waste streams from the manufacture of PPG 4000 are primarily responsible for the releases into the air, water, and soil. PPG 4000 can enter the environment when it is used as a runway and aircraft de-icing agent. PPG 4000 can also enter the environment through the disposal of products that contains it. It is not likely to exist in large amounts in the air. We have little information about what happens to PPG 4000 in the air. The small amounts that may enter the air are likely to break down quickly. If it escapes into the air, it will take between 24 and 50 hours for half the amount released to break down. PPG 4000 can mix completely with water and can soak into soil. It can break down relatively quickly (within several days to a week) in surface water and in soil. PPG 4000 can also travel from certain types of food packages into the food in the package. 1.3 How might I be exposed to PPG 4000? PPG 4000 has been approved for use at certain levels in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. If you eat food products, use cosmetics, or take medicines that contain it, you will be exposed to PPG 4000, but these amounts are not generally considered harmful. People who work in industries that use PPG 4000 may be exposed by touching these products or inhaling mists from spraying them. These exposures tend to be at low levels, however. PPG 4000 is used to make artificial smoke and mists for fire safety training, theatrical performances, and rock concerts. These artificial smoke products may also be used by private citizens. These products are frequently used in enclosed spaces, where exposure may be more intense. 1.4 How can PPG 4000 ether enter and leave my body? PPG 4000 can enter your bloodstream if you breathe air containing mists or vapors from this compound. It can also enter your bloodstream through your skin if you come in direct contact with it and do not wash it off. If you eat products that contain PPG 4000, it may enter your bloodstream. Exposure of the general population to PPG 4000 is likely since many foods, drugs, and cosmetics contain it. PPG 4000 breaks down in the body in about 48 hours. However, studies of people and animals show that if you have repeated eye, skin, nasal, or oral exposures to PPG 4000 for a short time, you may develop some irritation. 1.5 How can PPG 4000 affect my health? PPG 4000 breaks down at the same rate as ethylene glycol, although it does not form harmful crystals when it breaks down. Frequent skin exposure to PPG 4000 can sometimes irritate the skin. 1.6 Is there a medical test to determine whether I have been exposed to PPG 4000? PPG 4000 is generally considered to be a safe chemical, and is not routinely tested for, unless specific exposure, such as to a medicine or cosmetic, can be linked with the observed bad symptoms. Since PPG 4000 breaks down very quickly in the body, it is very difficult to detect. 1.7 What recommendations has the federal government made to protect human health? The government has developed regulations and guidelines for PPG 4000. These are designed to protect the public from potential adverse health effects. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified PPG 4000 as "generally recognized as safe," which means that it is acceptable for use in flavorings, drugs, and cosmetics, and as a direct food additive. According to the World Health Organization, the acceptable dietary intake of PPG 4000 is 25 mg of PPG 4000 for every kilogram (kg) of body weight. Polymerization PPG 4000 is produced by ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide. The initiator is an alcohol and the catalyst a base, usually potassium hydroxide. When the initiator is ethylene glycol or water the polymer is linear. With a multifunctional initiator like glycerine, pentaerythritol or sorbitol the polymer branches out. PPG 4000 Conventional polymerization of propylene oxide results in an atactic polymer. The isotactic polymer can be produced from optically active propylene oxide, but at a high cost. A salen cobalt catalyst was reported in 2005 to provide isotactic polymerization of the prochiral propylene oxide[2] Cobalt catalyst for isotactic polypropylene oxide Properties PPG 4000 has many properties in common with polyethylene glycol. The polymer is a liquid at room temperature. Solubility in water decreases rapidly with increasing molar mass. Secondary hydroxyl groups in PPG 4000 are less reactive than primary hydroxyl groups in polyethylene glycol. PPG 4000 is less toxic than PEG, so biotechnologicals are now produced in PPG 4000. PPG 4000 (IUPAC name: propane-1,2-diol) is a viscous, colorless liquid, which is nearly odorless but possesses a faintly sweet taste. Its chemical formula is CH3CH(OH)CH2OH. Containing two alcohol groups, it is classed as a diol. It is miscible with a broad range of solvents, including water, acetone, and chloroform. In general, glycols are non-irritating and have very low volatility. It is produced on a large scale primarily for the production of polymers. In the European Union, it has E-number E1520 for food applications. For cosmetics and pharmacology, the number is E490. PPG 4000 is also present in PPG 4000 alginate, which is known as E405. PPG 4000 is a compound which is GRAS (generally recognized as safe) by the US FDA (Food and Drug Administration) under 21 CFR x184.1666, and is also approved by the FDA for certain uses as an indirect food additive. PPG 4000 is approved and used as a vehicle for topical, oral, and some intravenous pharmaceutical preparations in the U.S. and in Europe. Structure The compound is sometimes called (alpha) α-PPG 4000 to distinguish it from the isomer propane-1,3-diol, known as (beta) β-PPG 4000. PPG 4000 is chiral. Commercial processes typically use the racemate. The S-isomer is produced by biotechnological routes. Production Industrial Industrially, PPG 4000 is mainly produced from propylene oxide (for food-grade use). According to a 2018 source, 2.16 M tonnes are produced annually.[4] Manufacturers use either non-catalytic high-temperature process at 200 °C (392 °F) to 220 °C (428 °F), or a catalytic method, which proceeds at 150 °C (302 °F) to 180 °C (356 °F) in the presence of ion exchange resin or a small amount of sulfuric acid or alkali. Final products contain 20% PPG 4000, 1.5% of diPPG 4000, and small amounts of other polyPPG 4000s.[6] Further purification produces finished industrial grade or USP/JP/EP/BP grade PPG 4000 that is typically 99.5% or greater. Use of USP (US Pharmacopoeia) PPG 4000 can reduce the risk of Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) rejection.[7] PPG 4000 can also be obtained from glycerol, a byproduct from the production of biodiesel.[4] This starting material is usually reserved for industrial use because of the noticeable odor and taste that accompanies the final product. Safety in humans When used in average quantities, PPG 4000 has no measurable effect on development and/or reproduction on animals and probably does not adversely affect human development or reproduction.[26] The safety of electronic cigarettes—which utilize PPG 4000-based preparations of nicotine or THC and other cannabinoids—is the subject of much controversy.- Oral administration The acute oral toxicity of PPG 4000 is very low, and large quantities are required to cause perceptible health effects in humans; in fact, PPG 4000 is three times less toxic than ethanol.[30] PPG 4000 is metabolized in the human body into pyruvic acid (a normal part of the glucose-metabolism process, readily converted to energy), acetic acid (handled by ethanol-metabolism), lactic acid (a normal acid generally abundant during digestion),[31] and propionaldehyde (a potentially hazardous substance). According to the Dow Chemical Company, The LD50 (Lethal Dose that kills in 50% of tests) for rats is 20 g/kg (rat/oral). Toxicity generally occurs at plasma concentrations over 4 g/L, which requires extremely high intake over a relatively short period of time, or when used as a vehicle for drugs or vitamins given intravenously or orally in large bolus doses.[37] It would be nearly impossible to reach toxic levels by consuming foods or supplements, which contain at most 1 g/kg of PPG 4000, except for alcoholic beverages in the US which are allowed 5 percent = 50g/kg.[38] Cases of PPG 4000 poisoning are usually related to either inappropriate intravenous administration or accidental ingestion of large quantities by children. The potential for long-term oral toxicity is also low. In an NTP continuous breeding study, no effects on fertility were observed in male or female mice that received PPG 4000 in drinking water at doses up to 10,100 mg/kg bw/day. No effects on fertility were seen in either the first or second generation of treated mice.[26] In a 2-year study, 12 rats were provided with feed containing as much as 5% PPG 4000, and showed no apparent ill effects.[40] Because of its low chronic oral toxicity, PPG 4000 was classified by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration as "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) for use as a direct food additive, including frozen foods such as ice cream and frozen desserts. The GRAS designation is specific to its use in food, and does not apply to other uses. Skin, eye and inhalation contact PPG 4000 is essentially non-irritating to the skin.[43] Undiluted PPG 4000 is minimally irritating to the eye, producing slight transient conjunctivitis; the eye recovers after the exposure is removed. A 2018 human volunteer study found that 10 male and female subjects undergoing 4 hours exposures to concentrations of up to 442 mg/m3 and 30 minutes exposures to concentrations of up to 871 mg/m3 in combination with moderate exercise did not show pulmonary function deficits, or signs of ocular irritation, with only slight symptoms of respiratory irritation reported.[44] Inhalation of PPG 4000 vapors appears to present no significant hazard in ordinary applications.[45] Due to the lack of chronic inhalation data, it is recommended that PPG 4000 not be used in inhalation applications such as theatrical productions, or antifreeze solutions for emergency eye wash stations.[46] Recently, PPG 4000 (commonly alongside glycerol) has been included as a carrier for nicotine and other additives in e-cigarette liquids, the use of which presents a novel form of exposure. The potential hazards of chronic inhalation of PPG 4000 or the latter substance as a whole are as-yet unknown. According to a 2010 study, the concentrations of PPG 4000Es (counted as the sum of PPG 4000 and glycol ethers) in indoor air, particularly bedroom air, has been linked to increased risk of developing numerous respiratory and immune disorders in children, including asthma, hay fever, eczema, and allergies, with increased risk ranging from 50% to 180%. This concentration has been linked to use of water-based paints and water-based system cleansers. However, the study authors write that glycol ethers and not PPG 4000 are the likely culprit. PPG 4000 has not caused sensitization or carcinogenicity in laboratory animal studies, nor has it demonstrated genotoxic potential. Intravenous administration Studies with intravenously administered PPG 4000 have resulted in LD50 values in rats and rabbits of 7 mL/kg BW.[53] Ruddick (1972) also summarized intramuscular LD50 data for rat as 13-20 mL/kg BW, and 6 mL/kg BW for the rabbit. Adverse effects to intravenous administration of drugs that use PPG 4000 as an excipient have been seen in a number of people, particularly with large bolus dosages. Responses may include CNS depression, "hypotension, bradycardia, QRS and T abnormalities on the ECG, arrhythmia, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, agitation, serum hyperosmolality, lactic acidosis, and haemolysis".[54] A high percentage (12% to 42%) of directly-injected PPG 4000 is eliminated or secreted in urine unaltered depending on dosage, with the remainder appearing in its glucuronide-form. The speed of renal filtration decreases as dosage increases,[55] which may be due to PPG 4000's mild anesthetic / CNS-depressant -properties as an alcohol.[56] In one case, intravenous administration of PPG 4000-suspended nitroglycerin to an elderly man may have induced coma and acidosis.[57] However, no confirmed lethality from PPG 4000 was reported. Animals PPG 4000 is an approved food additive for dog and sugar glider food under the category of animal feed and is generally recognized as safe for dogs,[58] with an LD50 of 9 mL/kg. The LD50 is higher for most laboratory animals (20 mL/kg).[59] However, it is prohibited for use in food for cats due to links to Heinz body formation and a reduced lifespan of red blood cells.[60] Heinz body formation from MPPG 4000 has not been observed in dogs, cattle, or humans. Environmental PPG 4000 occurs naturally, probably as the result of anaerobic catabolism of sugars in the human gut. It is degraded by vitamin B12-dependent enzymes, which convert it to propionaldehyde.[68] PPG 4000 is expected to degrade rapidly in water from biological processes, but is not expected to be significantly influenced by hydrolysis, oxidation, volatilization, bioconcentration, or adsorption to sediment.[69] PPG 4000 is readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions in freshwater, in seawater and in soil. Therefore, PPG 4000 is considered as not persistent in the environment. PPG 4000 exhibits a low degree of toxicity toward aquatic organisms. Several guideline studies available for freshwater fish with the lowest observed effect concentration of 96-h LC50 value of 40,613 mg/l in a study with Oncorhynchus mykiss. Similarly, the effect concentration determined in marine fish is a 96-h LC50 of >10,000 mg/l in Scophthalmus maximus. Allergic reaction Estimates on the prevalence of PPG 4000 allergy range from 0.8% (10% PPG 4000 in aqueous solution) to 3.5% (30% PPG 4000 in aqueous solution). The North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) data from 1996 to 2006 showed that the most common site for PPG 4000 contact dermatitis was the face (25.9%), followed by a generalized or scattered pattern (23.7%).[61] Investigators believe that the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis to PPG 4000 may be greater than 2% in patients with eczema or fungal infections, which are very common in countries with lesser sun exposure and lower-than-normal vitamin D balances. Therefore, PPG 4000 allergy is more common in those countries. Because of its potential for allergic reactions and frequent use across a variety of topical and systemic products, PPG 4000 was named the American Contact Dermatitis Society's Allergen of the Year for 2018.[65][66] Recent publication from The Mayo Clinic reported 0.85% incidence of positive patch tests to PPG 4000 (100/11,738 patients) with an overall irritant rate of 0.35% (41/11,738 patients) during a 20-year period of 1997–2016.[67] 87% of the reactions were classified as weak and 9% as strong. The positive reaction rates were 0%, 0.26%, and 1.86% for 5%, 10%, and 20% PPG 4000 respectively, increasing with each concentration increase. The irritant reaction rates were 0.95%, 0.24%, and 0.5% for 5%, 10%, and 20% PPG 4000, respectively. PPG 4000 skin sensitization occurred in patients sensitive to a number of other concomitant positive allergens, most common of which were: Myroxylon pereirae resin, benzalkonium chloride, carba mix, potassium dichromate, neomycin sulfate; for positive PPG 4000 reactions, the overall median of 5 and mean of 5.6 concomitant positive allergens was reported. For PPG 4000 (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 068602) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. Of all polyether polyols (incl PPG 4000, polyethylene glycol, and propylene oxide-ethylene oxide copolymers), 65% were used in polyurethane flexible foam; 9% in polyurethane rigid foam; 7% in noncellular polyurethane applications; 8% for surface-active agents; 8% for lubricants and functional fluids; & 3% for misc applications. There are 2 active ingredients in reregistration case 3123 for PPG 4000. The RED evaluates the only active ingredient in this case with currently registered products; therefore, only butoxyPPG 4000 (BPG), PC Code 011901/CAS No. 9003-13-8, 57 active products as of September, 2001/ was assessed. The other active ingredient in this case /poly(oxy(methyl-1,2ethanediyl)), alpha-hydro-omegahydroxy,CAS No. 25322-69-4 / has no product registrations /last pesticide product cancelled October 10, 1989/ and is not being supported for reregistration. This active ingredient would be evaluated only if and when new registration applications were to be submitted for new products. Method for determination of PPG 4000 at sub-ppm levels in aqueous and organic media by gas-liquid chromatography or by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. PPG 4000 is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. PPG 4000 is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. PPG 4000 (minimum molecular weight 150) is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. Acute Exposure/ Propylene glycol was relatively harmless (LD50 = 21 g/kg) in acute oral toxicity studies involving rats. Acute oral toxicity studies on PPG 4000s of various molecular weights (300 to 3900 Da) have indicated LD50 values (rats) ranging from 0.5 to >40g/kg. LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Single and repeated applications of Polypropylene glycol 425, Polypropylene glycol 1025, and Polypropylene glycol 2025 did not cause skin irritation in the rabbit. Repeated applications of Polypropylene glycol 1200 to rabbits caused mild reactions at abraded skin sites and no reactions at intact sites. Results were negative for 100% PG in a mouse external ear swelling sensitization test. The results of a guinea pig maximization, open epicutaneous, and Finn chamber tests indicated no sensitization reactions to 70%PG. In another maximization test, PG was classified as a potentially weak sensitizer. The results of six other guinea pig sensitization tests indicated that PG was not an allergen. NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 217,886 workers (30,699 of these were female) were potentially exposed to PPG 4000 in the US(1). Occupational exposure to PPG 4000 may occur through inhalation where mists are formed from violent agitation or high temperatures, and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where PPG 4000 is produced or used(2). General description of PPG 4000 PPG 4000 is an aliphatic alcohol. It is an addition polymer of PPG 4000 and water represented as H[OCH3]nOH in which n represents the average number of oxypropylene groups. Application of PPG 4000 PPG 4000 (PPG) may be used as a viscosity decreasing agent, a solvent and a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics. PPG 4000 may be used as a good swelling agent for the synthesis of large pore mesoporous materials. What Is It? PPG 4000, also known as 1,2-propanediol, is a synthetic (i.e., man-made) alcohol that attracts/absorbs water. It is a viscous, colorless liquid, which is nearly odorless but possesses a faintly sweet taste. PPG 4000 is one of the most widely used ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products, including facial cleansers, moisturizers, bath soaps, shampoos and conditioners, deodorants, shaving preparations, and fragrances. In addition to its use as an ingredient in cosmetic and personal care products, it is used in numerous food items such as beer, packaged baked goods, frozen dairy products, margarine, coffee, nuts, and soda. It is also used as an inactive ingredient (e.g., solvent) in many drugs. FDA has approved its use at concentrations as high as 98% in drugs applied to the skin and 92% in drugs taken orally. Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products? Because PPG 4000 attracts water it functions as a humectant and is used in moisturizers to enhance the appearance of skin by reducing flaking and restoring suppleness. Other reported uses include skin-conditioning agent, viscosity-decreasing agent, solvent, and fragrance ingredient. PPG 4000 was reported to be used in 14,395 products, according to 2019 data in U.S. FDA’s Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program (VCRP). PPG 4000 is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. PPG 4000 may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. In dilute aqueous solution unimers of Pluronic F127 associate to form micelles. In more concentrated solution, micelles pack to form high-modulus gels. Our interest is the effect of addition of 10–30 wt % low molecular weight PPG 4000 on the micellization and gelation of solutions of F127. DLS was used to determine the apparent size of the micelles (rh,app). The critical micelle concentration (cmc) using the dye solubilization method of F127 in PPG 4000 solutions was studied. Visual observation was carried out to detect gel formation in concentrated solutions and the onset of clouding and turbidity, as the temperature was raised. Oscillatory rheometry was used to confirm the formation of high-modulus gels and provide values of elastic moduli (G′max) over a wide temperature range. SAXS was used to determine gel structure. Our results for the hydrophobic adduct PPG 4000 were compared with literature values for the hydrophilic adduct PEG6000.
PPG 4000 ( (POLI PROPILEN GLIKOL 4000)
Polypropylene glycol 600; Methylethyl glycol; Methylethylene glycol; 1,2-Propanediol; alpha-Propylene glycol; Methyl glycol; Monopropylene glycol; PG; 1,2-Dihydroxypropane; 1,2-Propylene Glycol; 2-Hydroxypropanol; 2,3-Propanediol; Propane-1,2-diol; Trimethyl glycol; 1,2-Propylenglykol; Isopropylene glycol; cas no: 25322-69-4
PPG 600 (POLI PROPILEN GLIKOL 600)
Polypropylene glycol 900; Methylethyl glycol; Methylethylene glycol; 1,2-Propanediol; alpha-Propylene glycol; Methyl glycol; Monopropylene glycol; PG; 1,2-Dihydroxypropane; 1,2-Propylene Glycol; 2-Hydroxypropanol; 2,3-Propanediol; Propane-1,2-diol; Trimethyl glycol; 1,2-Propylenglykol; Isopropylene glycol; cas no: 25322-69-4
PPG 900  (POLI PROPILEN GLIKOL900)
Polyoxypropylene 15 stearyl ether [USAN]; Polypropylene glycol (11) stearyl ether; Polypropylene glycol (15) stearyl ether. cas no: 25231-21-4
PPG-14 Butyl Ether
arlamol PB14 1-(1- butoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol (ppg-14) poly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)], .alpha.-butyl-.omega.-hydroxy- (14 mol PO average molar ratio) polyoxypropylene (14) butyl ether polypropylene glycol (14) butyl ether CAS Number 9003-13-8
PPG-15 STEARYL ETHER
POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL ETHER OF CAPRYLIC ALCOHOL; POLY(OXY-1-METHYL-1,2-ETHANDIYL), ALPHA-OCTYL-OMEGA-HYDROXY- (3 MOL PO AVERAGE MOLAR RATIO) CAS NO:29117 – 02 – 0