Phenoxyethyl Caprylate Odor: characteristic Use: Is an emollient with excellent solvent properties for UV filtersand lipophilic active ingredients, it is especially suited for sun care applications. It imparts a pleasant non-oil feeling on the skin and is suited for stable low-viscous formulations due to water-like density.APPEARANCE Colorless oily liquid FUNCTION Is an emollient with excellent solvent properties for UV filtersand lipophilic active ingredients, it is especially suited for sun care applications. It imparts a pleasant non-oil feeling on the skin and is suited for stable low-viscous formulations due to water-like density. SYNONYMS Tegosoft XC; Phenoxyethyl Caprylate; 2-Phenoxyethyl octanoate; Octanioic acid, 2-phenoxyethyl ester STORAGE Store in a cool, dry place, with container tightly sealed.

SYNONYMS 1-Propanol, 2-phenoxy-; 2-phenoxypropan-1-ol; Propylene Glycol 2-Monophenyl Ether; 2-PHENOXYPROPANOL;2-phenoxy-1-propano;dowanolpphglycolether;2-(phenoxy)propan-1-ol;2-PHENOXYPROPANOL 96+%;1-Propanol, 2-phenoxy-;2-phenoxypropylalcohol;2-Phenoxypropyl alcohol;Dowanol pph glycol ether;1-Methyl-2-hydroxyethylphenylether CAS NO:4169-04-4

PHENYL SALICYLATE N° CAS : 118-55-8 Nom INCI : PHENYL SALICYLATE Nom chimique : Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, phenyl ester N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-259-2 Ses fonctions (INCI) Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes Dénaturant : Rend les cosmétiques désagréables. Principalement ajouté aux cosmétiques contenant de l'alcool éthylique Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

Phenoxypropanol, a gycol ether, can be synthesized by reacting propylene oxide with phenol in the presence of Al2O3-MgO/Fe3O4 catalyst.
The influence of Phenoxypropanol's anesthetic property on gastropods has been analyzed.
Phenoxypropanol's degradation by microorganisms in different soil types has been investigated.

CAS: 770-35-4
MF: C9H12O2
MW: 152.19
EINECS: 212-222-7

Phenoxypropanol is a useful research compound.
Phenoxypropanol's molecular formula is C9H12O2 and its molecular weight is 152.19.
The purity is usually 95%.
The exact mass of the compound 1-Phenoxy-2-propanol is unknown and the complexity rating of the compound is unknown.

Phenoxypropanol Chemical Properties
Melting point: 11 °C
Boiling point: 243 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.064 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 1Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.523(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Refrigerator
Solubility water: soluble15.1g/L at 20°C
Form: Oil
Pka: 14.43±0.20(Predicted)
Color: Clear Colourless
Specific Gravity: 1.051
Water Solubility: 15.1g/L at 20℃
BRN: 1941356
Stability: Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: 1.41 at 24.1℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 770-35-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Phenoxypropanol (770-35-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: Phenoxypropanol (770-35-4)

Uses
High-boiling solvent, bactericidal agent, fixa- tive for soaps and perfumes, intermediate for plas- ticizers.
Phenoxypropanol is a useful synthetic intermediate.
Phenoxypropanol was used in the preparation of acylarylthiocarbamates as nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Synthesis Method Details
Design of the Synthesis Pathway
The synthesis of Phenoxypropanol can be achieved through the reaction of phenol with propylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst, followed by reduction of the resulting intermediate.

Starting Materials
Phenol, Propylene oxide, Catalyst (e.g. sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or sodium hydroxide), Reducing agent (e.g. sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride), Solvent (e.g. ethanol or methanol)

Reaction
Mix phenol and propylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst and heat the mixture to a temperature of around 100-120°C.
Allow the reaction to proceed for several hours until the intermediate Phenoxypropanol is formed.
Isolate the intermediate by cooling the reaction mixture and extracting it with a suitable solvent.
Reduce the intermediate using a suitable reducing agent such as sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride.
Purify the final product by distillation or recrystallization.

Synonyms
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol
770-35-4
Phenoxyisopropanol
2-Propanol, 1-phenoxy-
Propylene phenoxetol
130879-97-9
2-Phenoxy-1-methylethanol
Propylene glycol phenyl ether
beta-Phenoxyisopropanol
1-phenoxy-propan-2-ol
EINECS 212-222-7
NSC 24015
UNII-87CZY0NY1A
87CZY0NY1A
racemic-1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
AI3-14682
(+-)-1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
DTXSID9027312
HSDB 8185
Phenyl-.beta.-hydroxypropyl ether
(S)-1-Phenoxy-2-Propanol
NSC-24015
NCGC00164375-01
EC 212-222-7
Propylene phenoxytol
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
DTXCID407312
CAS-770-35-4
Propylenephenoxythol
3-phenoxy-2-propanol
2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropane
1- phenoxypropan- 2- ol
SCHEMBL50453
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, tech.
benzyl?piperazine-1-carboxylate
(+/-)-1-phenoxy-2-propanol
CHEMBL1327532
PHENOXYISOPROPANOL [INCI]
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, >=93%
PHENOXYISOPROPANOL [MART.]
1-PHENOXY-2-HYDROXYPROPANE
2-propanol, 1-phenoxy- (PGphE)
PHENOXYISOPROPANOL [WHO-DD]
NSC24015
Propylene Glycol 1-Monophenyl Ether
Tox21_112108
Tox21_201710
Tox21_303078
MFCD00016861
AKOS000120974
AKOS017278201
Tox21_112108_1
CS-W001255
NCGC00164375-02
NCGC00164375-03
NCGC00256986-01
NCGC00259259-01
AS-57392
LS-122618
FT-0608212
P0118
EN300-20169
D77637
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, technical, >=80% (GC)
A806159
A838947
SR-01000944764
TRIMETHYLOLETHANETRI-(3-MERCAPTOPROPIONATE)
SR-01000944764-1
Q20054546

cas no 122-99-6 Phenoxetol; Phenoxyethyl Alcohol; Arosol; 2-phenoxy-Ethanol; Dowanol EPh; Glycol monophenyl ether; Phenoxetol; Phenoxyethanol; Phenoxyethyl alcohol; Phenyl cellosolve; 1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane; 2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether; Ethylene glycol phenyl ether; Phenoxytol; Phenylmonoglycol ether; 2-Fenoxyethanol; 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol; Plastiazan-41 (Russian); Fenylcelosolv; Phenoxethol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether;

SYNONYMS Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, PHE-G, PHE-S, PHE, PhG, Phenylglycol;Arosol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Dowanol EP; dowanoleph; Ethanol, 2-phenoxy-; 2-Phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether,PHE-G,PHE-S; PHENOXETOL; 2-hydroxyethyl phenyl ether; ROSE ETHER; phenoxy ethanol; Phenylglycol; emery6705; phenyl cellosolve; 2-phenyloxyethanol; Phenoxytol CAS NO:122-99-6

PHENYLPROPANOL N° CAS : 1335-12-2 / 122-97-4 Nom INCI : PHENYLPROPANOL Nom chimique : 3-Phenylpropan-1-ol; Phenethyl carbinol N° EINECS/ELINCS : 215-621-4 / 204-587-6 Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

Synonyms: PHENYL-T-BRANCHED POLYSILSESQUIOXANE, TRIMETHYLSILYL TERMINATED, 15-25 cSt;PHENYL-T-BRANCHED POLYSILSESQUIOXANE, TRIMETHYLSILYL TERMINATED, 150-300 cSt;PHENYL-T-BRANCHED POLYSILSESQUIOXANE, TRIMETHYLSILYL TERMINATED, 400-600 cSt;PHENYL-T-BRANCHED POLYSILSESQUIOXANE, TRIMETHYLSILYL TERMINATED;PHENYL TRIMETHICONE CAS: 73559-47-4

Phenylacetic acid, also known as Phenylacetate, is an aromatic fatty acid metabolite of phenylalanine with potential antineoplastic activity.
Naturally occurring in mammals, Phenylacetic acid induces differentiation, growth inhibition, and apoptosis in tumor cells.
Phenylacetic acid is an acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.

CAS Number: 122-79-2
EC Number: 204-575-0
Molecular Formula: C8H8O2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 136.15

(Acetyloxy)benzene, 100843-EP2301983A1, 100843-EP2371831A1, 122-79-2, 355G9R500Y, 4-06-00-00613 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), A0043, ACETATE, PHENYL, Acetates, acetic acid phenyl, Acetic acid phenyl ester, Acetic acid, phenyl ester, ACETIC ACID, PHENYLESTER, Acetic acid,phenyl ester, Acetic acid-phenyl ester, Acetoxybenzene, Acetyl phenol, Acetylphenol, Actate de phnyle, AI3-01972, AKOS002710242, bmse000481, bmse010117, BRN 0636458, C00548, CHEBI:8082, CHEMBL289559, CS-0102517, CS-O-10949, D88203, DTXCID4030178, DTXSID3051626, EC 204-575-0, EINECS 204-575-0, FEMA 3958, FEMA NO. 3958, Fenylester kyseliny octove, Fenylester kyseliny octove [Czech], FT-0659102, FT-0673718, HSDB 2667, HY-128733, MFCD00008699, NCI60_002262, NSC 27795, NSC-27795, NSC27795, Phen-d5-ol, acetate, Phenol acetate, phenoxy ethan-1-one, PHENYL ACETATE, PHENYL ACETATE [FHFI], PHENYL ACETATE [HSDB], PHENYL ACETATE [MI], Phenyl acetate, 99%, Phenyl acetate, analytical standard, Phenyl ester of acetic acid, PhOAc, PIPERAZINECITRATEHYDRATE, PS-5400, Q419645, QY9, SCHEMBL35500, STK022563, UNII-355G9R500Y, W-109455, WLN: 1VOR, 2-Phenylacetate, Benzeneacetate, Benzeneacetic acid, ion(1-) [ACD/Index Name], BENZYLFORMATE, Phenylacetat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Phenylacetate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki], Phénylacétate [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Phenylethanoate, w-Phenylacetate, ω-Phenylacetate, 103-82-2 [RN], 2-phenylethanoate, 3539899 [Beilstein], acetate, phenyl-, A-PHENYL-ACETATE, phenylacetate anion, phenylacetate(1-), phenylacetic acid anion, 122-79-2 [RN], 204-575-0 [EINECS], 355G9R500Y, 636458 [Beilstein], Acétate de phényle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Acetic acid phenyl ester, Acetic acid, phenyl ester [ACD/Index Name], AJ2800000, MFCD00008699 [MDL number], Phenyl acetate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki], Phenyl-acetat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], (2,3,4,5,6-Pentadeuteriophenyl) acetate, [122-79-2] [RN], 1072946-32-7 [RN], 1072946-33-8 [RN], 122-84-9 [RN], 204-578-7 [EINECS], 22705-26-6 [RN], 2-Phenylacetate, 4-06-00-00613 [Beilstein], 4-06-00-00613 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein], 4-08-00-00460 [Beilstein], 4-13-00-00137 [Beilstein], 4'-Methoxyphenyl-2-propanone, Acetic acid phenyl ester; Phenyl ethanoate, Acetic acid, phenylester, Acetic acid-phenyl ester, Acetic acid-phenyl ester, Acetoxybenzene, Acetyl phenol, EINECS 204-575-0, FEMA 3958, Fenylester kyseliny octove, Fenylester kyseliny octove [Czech], MFCD03792523 [MDL number], o-Acetylphenol, PHENOL ACETATE, phenyl acetate on polystyrene, ca 4 mmol/g, PHENYL ACETATE|PHENYL ACETATE, Phenyl Acetate-d5, phenyl acetic acid, Phenyl ester of acetic acid, phenyl ethanoate, Phenylacetate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki], PS-5400, QY9, UNII:355G9R500Y, UNII-355G9R500Y, WLN: 1VOR

Phenylacetic acid is the ester of phenol and acetic acid.
Phenylacetic acid can be produced by reacting phenol (Which can be produced by decarboxylation of aspirin)with acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.

Phenylacetic acid can be separated into phenol and an acetate salt, via saponification: heating the Phenylacetic acid with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide, will produce phenol and an acetate salt (sodium acetate, if sodium hydroxide were used).

Phenylacetic acid, also known as Phenylacetate, is an aromatic fatty acid metabolite of phenylalanine with potential antineoplastic activity.
Naturally occurring in mammals, Phenylacetic acid induces differentiation, growth inhibition, and apoptosis in tumor cells.

Phenylacetic acid mechanisms of action include decreased protein prenylation, activation of the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptors, inhibition of DNA methylation, and depletion of glutamine.
Phenylacetic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenol esters.

These are aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring substituted by a hydroxyl group and an ester group.
Phenylacetic acid has a phenolic-like taste.

Phenylacetic acid is an acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.
Phenylacetic acid is a member of Phenylacetic acids and a member of benzenes.
Phenylacetic acid is functionally related to a phenol.

Phenylacetic acid is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis and Arabidopsis thaliana with data available.
Phenylacetic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Phenylacetic acid, also known as (Acetyloxy)benzene, is the ester of acetic acid and phenol and used most often as a solvent.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Phenylacetic acid is registered under the REACH Regulation but is not currently being manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area.
Phenylacetic acid is used at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Phenylacetic acid, also known as Acetylphenol or alpha-toluic acid, belongs to benzene and substituted derivatives class of compounds.
Those are aromatic compounds containing one monocyclic ring system consisting of benzene.

Phenylacetic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa).
Phenylacetic acid can be synthesized from acetic acid.

Phenylacetic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, hydratropic acid, 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and mandelamide.
Phenylacetic acid is a sweet, civet, and floral tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as hyssop, cowpea, endive, and shea tree, which makes Phenylacetic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Phenylacetic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, feces, and blood.
Phenylacetic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.

In humans, Phenylacetic acid is involved in the Phenylacetic acid metabolism.
Moreover, Phenylacetic acid is found to be associated with kidney disease and phenylketonuria.

Phenylacetic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound.
Phenylacetic acid is a drug which is used for use as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of acute hyperammonemia and associated encephalopathy in patients with deficiencies in enzymes of the urea cycle.

Phenylacetic acid is the ester of a phenol and acetic acid.
Phenylacetic acid is a metabolite of anticancer drug phenylbutyrate (PB), natural neurotransmitter phenylethylamine.
Naturally, Phenylacetic acid is an odorant found in strawberries, passion fruit, and black tea.

Phenylacetic acid level in urine was used as a marker for the diagnosis of some forms of unipolar major depressive disorders.
Phenylacetic acid is used as a tool substrate to study esterase activity in the blood of patients in clinical studies of the effect of nutritional supplements on paraoxonase-1 levels.

Phenylacetic acid is an aromatic ester.
Phenylacetic acid levels in urine are marker for the diagnosis of some forms of unipolar major depressive disorders.
Phenylacetic acid undergoes Fries rearrangement to form a mixture of o- and p-hydroxyacetophenones which are useful intermediates in manufacture of pharmaceuticals.

Phenylacetic acid is produced from bacterial degradation of unabsorbed phenylalanine.

In health, beneficial intestinal bacteria produce some B-vitamins and provide stimulus for proper immune function.
However, if your stomach acid is not adequate, if you fail to digest protein, or if your diet does not supply sufficient fiber, the resulting overgrowth of unfavorable bacteria can release toxic products that your body must remove.

Uses of Phenylacetic acid:
Phenylacetic acid is used as a solvent, laboratory reagent, and in organic synthesis
Phenylacetic acid is solvent, organic sythesis, laboratory reagent

Phenylacetic acid is high-boiling aprotic solvent
Phenylacetic acid is used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of o-hydroxyacetophenone; p-hydroxyacetophenone; synephrine

Uses at industrial sites:
Phenylacetic acid has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Phenylacetic acid is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Phenylacetic acid can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Industry Uses:
Intermediates

Human Metabolite Information of Phenylacetic acid:

Cellular Locations:
Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Handling and Storage of Phenylacetic acid:

Precautions for safe handling:
measures against static discharge.

Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 10: Combustible liquids

Stability and Reactivity of Phenylacetic acid:

Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

Chemical stability:
Phenylacetic acid is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Conditions to avoid:
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents, Strong acids, Strong bases, Strong reducing agents Strong oxidizing agents, Strong acids, Strong bases, Strong reducing agents

First Aid Measures of Phenylacetic acid:

General advice:
Show Phenylacetic acid safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.

Firefighting Measures of Phenylacetic acid:

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Phenylacetic acid no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Phenylacetic acid or mixture:
Carbon oxides

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.

Advice for firefighters:
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water
from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental Release Measures of Phenylacetic acid:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Do not breathe vapors, aerosols.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Accidental Release Measures of Phenylacetic acid:

Personal protection:
Filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of Phenylacetic acid.
Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers.

Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Disposal Methods of Phenylacetic acid:
At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision.
Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Identifiers of Phenylacetic acid:
CAS Number: 122-79-2
ChEBI: CHEBI:8082
ChemSpider: 28969
ECHA InfoCard: 100.004.160
PubChem CID: 31229
UNII: 355G9R500Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID3051626
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H8O2/c1-7(9)10-8-5-3-2-4-6-8/h2-6H,1H3
Key: IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C8H8O2/c1-7(9)10-8-5-3-2-4-6-8/h2-6H,1H3
Key: IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYAF
SMILES: CC(=O)Oc1ccccc1

Synonym(s): Acetic acid phenyl ester
Linear Formula: CH3COOC6H5
CAS Number: 122-79-2
Molecular Weight: 136.15
Beilstein: 636458
EC Number: 204-575-0
MDL number: MFCD00008699
PubChem Substance ID: 24846821
NACRES: NA.22

CAS: 122-79-2
Molecular Formula: C8H8O2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 136.15
MDL Number: MFCD00008699
InChI Key: IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 31229
ChEBI: CHEBI:8082
IUPAC Name: phenyl acetate
SMILES: CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1

Properties of Phenylacetic acid:
Chemical formula: C8H8O2
Molar mass: 136.150 g·mol−1
Density: 1.075 g/mL
Melting point: −30 °C (−22 °F; 243 K)
Boiling point: 195–196 °C (383–385 °F; 468–469 K)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -82.04·10−6 cm3/mol

Quality Level: 100
Assay: 99%
Refractive index: n20/D 1.501 (lit.)
bp: 196 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.073 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: CC(=O)Oc1ccccc1
InChI: 1S/C8H8O2/c1-7(9)10-8-5-3-2-4-6-8/h2-6H,1H3
InChI key: IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Gene Information: human ... PON1(5444)

Molecular Weight: 136.15 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 136.052429494 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 136.052429494 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 114
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Phenylacetic acid:
Color: Colorless
Boiling Point: 195°C
Quantity: 25 g
Formula Weight: 136.15
Percent Purity: ≥98.0% (GC)
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Phenyl Acetate

Names of Phenylacetic acid:

Regulatory process names:
Phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate

IUPAC names:
Phenyl Acetate
Phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate

Preferred IUPAC name:
Phenyl acetate

Systematic IUPAC name:
Phenyl ethanoate

Other names:
Phenol acetate
(Acetyloxy)benzene
Acetoxybenzene

Other identifiers:
122-79-2

2-Phenyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-sulphonic acid , PARSOL HS;Novantisol;Ensulizole;EUSOLEX 232;UV ABSORBER-T;UV absorber UV-T;NEO HELIOPAN HYDRO;LABOTEST-BB LT00454150;Ultraviolet absorbent UV-T;2-Phenyl-5-sulfobenzimidazole CAS Number: 27503-81-7

1,4-BENZENEDIAMINE; 1,4-DIAMINOBENZENE; 1,4-PHENYLENEDIAMINE; 4-AMINOANILINE; BENZENE-1,4-DIAMINE; C.I. 76060; fur black 41866; JAROCOL PPD; PARA PHENYLENE DIAMINE; P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE; 1,4-benzendiamine; 1,4-Di-aminobenzol; 4-phenylenediamine; Aminogen II; BASF Ursol D; basfursold; BASFUrsold,DS; benzene,1,4-diamino-; Benzofur D; benzofurd CAS NO:106-50-3

Phenylethyl alcohol, also known as phenethyl alcohol or 2-phenylethanol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H10O.
Phenylethyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a pleasant floral odor, reminiscent of roses, which makes it a popular ingredient in perfumery and cosmetics.
Phenylethyl alcohol, or 2-phenylethanol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2CH2OH.

CAS Number: 60-12-8
Molecular Formula: C8H10O
Molecular Weight: 122.16
EINECS Number: 200-456-2

Synonyms: 2-PHENYLETHANOL, Phenethyl alcohol, 60-12-8, Phenylethyl alcohol, Benzeneethanol, Phenylethanol, Benzyl carbinol, Phenethanol, 2-Phenylethyl alcohol, 2-PHENYL-ETHANOL, beta-Phenylethanol, 2-Phenethyl alcohol, Benzylmethanol, 2-Phenylethan-1-Ol, Benzylcarbinol, Methanol, benzyl-, 2-Hydroxyethylbenzene, 1-Phenyl-2-ethanol, Ethanol, 2-phenyl-, FEMA No. 2858, 2-PEA, Benzenethanol, Phenethylalcohol, Phenyl ethyl alcohol, beta-PEA, beta-Phenylethyl alcohol, beta-Hydroxyethylbenzene, Caswell No. 655C, beta-Fenylethanol, FEMA Number 2858, 1321-27-3, beta-Fenethylalkohol, Phenethyl alcohol (natural), beta-Phenethyl alcohol, HSDB 5002, 2-Phenethanol, .beta.-Hydroxyethylbenzene, .beta.-Phenylethyl alcohol, Hydroxyethylbenzene, EINECS 200-456-2, UNII-ML9LGA7468, MFCD00002886, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 001503, NSC 406252, NSC-406252, BRN 1905732, .beta.-Phenylethanol, ML9LGA7468, .beta.-PEA, DTXSID9026342, CHEBI:49000, AI3-00744, (2-Hydroxyethyl)benzene, .beta.-Phenethyl alcohol, Phenylethyl alcohol [USP], .beta.-(hydroxyethyl)benzene, DTXCID206342, EC 200-456-2, 4-06-00-03067 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), NSC406252, NCGC00166215-02, Phenylethyl alcohol (USP), Ethanol, phenyl-, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL (II), PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [II], PHENETHYL ALCOHOL (MART.), PHENETHYL ALCOHOL [MART.], Phenyl Ethanol(Natural), 2 Phenylethanol, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS), PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS], beta-Fenylethanol [Czech], 2-phenyl ethanol, Carbinol, Benzyl, beta Phenylethanol, CAS-60-12-8, Alcohol, Phenethyl, beta-Fenethylalkohol [Czech], PEL, SMR000059156, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL (USP MONOGRAPH), PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [USP MONOGRAPH], Alcohol, Phenylethyl, benzene-ethanol, Mellol, phenyl-ethanol, Benzyl-Methanol, 2-PhenyIethanol, phenylethyl-alcohol, .beta.-Phenethanol, HY1, .beta.-Fenylethanol, b-Hydroxyethylbenzene, Benzyl ethyl alcohol, 2-phenyl-1-ethanol, Benzeneethanol, 9CI, 2-phenylethane-1-ol, betaphenylethyl alcohol, .beta.-Fenethylalkohol, 2-Phenylethanol, USP, METHANOL, BENZYL, A-PEA, beta -hydroxyethylbenzene, 2-Phenylethanol, 99%, .beta.-P.E.A., (BETA-PEA), Phenylethyl alcohol, USAN, bmse000659, Phenylethyl, beta- alcohol, 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)benzene, SCHEMBL1838, WLN: Q2R, MLS001066349, MLS001336026, FEMA NUMBER 2858, PHENETHYL ALCOHOL [MI], Phenethyl alcohol, 8CI, BAN, CHEMBL448500, beta-(HYDROXYETHYL)BENZENE, PHENETHYL ALCOHOL [FCC], PHENYLETHYL, B- ALCOHOL, BDBM85807, FEMA 2858, HMS2093H05, HMS2233H06, HMS3374P04, Pharmakon1600-01505398, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [FHFI], PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [HSDB], PHENETHYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD], BCP32115, CS-B1821, HY-B1290, NSC_6054, Tox21_113544, Tox21_201322, Tox21_303383, BBL036905, NSC759116, s3703, STL281950, 2-Phenylethanol, >=99.0% (GC), AKOS000249688, Tox21_113544_1, CCG-213419, DB02192, NSC-759116, CAS_60-12-8, Phenethyl alcohol, >=99%, FCC, FG, NCGC00166215-01, NCGC00166215-03, NCGC00166215-05, NCGC00257347-01, NCGC00258874-01, AC-18484, SBI-0206858.P001, NS00004212, P0084, EN300-19347, C05853, D00192, D70868, Phenethyl alcohol, natural, >=99%, FCC, FG, AB00698274_05, A832606, Q209463, SR-01000763553, Phenylethyl alcohol;Phenethyl alcohol;Benzeneethanol, Q-200318, SR-01000763553-2, 0DE4CADC-AB8A-4038-BD6F-EBD009885652, F0001-1575, Z104473586, 2-phenylethanol;2-Phenylethyl alcohol;Benzeneethanol;Phenylethanol, InChI=1/C8H10O/c9-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9H,6-7H, Phenylethyl alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Phenylethyl Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 19601-20-8.

Phenylethyl alcohol is a colourless liquid with a pleasant floral odor.
Phenylethyl alcohol occurs widely in nature, being found in a variety of essential oils.
Phenylethyl alcohol is slightly soluble in water (2 ml per 100 ml of H2O), but miscible with most organic solvents.

The molecule of phenethyl alcohol consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2−) attached to a hydroxyl group (−OH).
Phenylethyl alcohol, is a primary aromatic alcohol of high boiling point, having a characteristic rose-like odor.
Phenylethyl alcohol presents organoleptic properties and impacts the quality of the wine, distilled beverages, and fermented foods.

Phenylethyl alcohol shows its presence in fresh beer and is responsible for the rose-like odor of well-ripened cheese.
Phenylethyl alcohol is commercially and industrially an important flavor and is a component of a variety of foodstuffs such as ice cream, gelatin, candy, pudding, chewing gum, and non-alcoholic beverages.
Phenylethyl alcohol is formed by yeasts during fermentation of alcohols either by decomposition of L-phenylalanine or metabolism of sugar substrates.

Phenylethyl alcohol secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Phenylethyl alcohol is a common ingredient in flavors, particularly when the taste of rose is desired.
Phenethyl alcohol is found in extract of rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca.

Phenylethyl alcohol is also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions.
Phenylethyl alcohol is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.
Phenylethyl alcohol is a kind of edible spices, and naturally exists in neroli, rose oil, geranium oil and other oils, because it has a soft, pleasant and persistent rose fragrance and is widely used in various kinds of flavors and cigarette flavor.

Phenylethyl alcohol is dispensing rose scent, food additives, the main raw material for rose scent flavor, stable on alkali, which are widely used in soap fragrance, is essence blending all rose scent series of spices, because it does not dissolve in water, it is often used in the making up water, soap and orange flower, purple, etc.
Phenylethyl alcohol is also used in the blending of flavor.
Because the Phenethyl alcohol has a good antibacterial efficiency, it can be used in the ophthalmic solution.

Phenylethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol that is used as a fragrance and an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetic formulations.
It is active at pH 6 or less and is inactivated by nonionic detergents including polysorbate-80.
Phenylethyl alcohol is also a widely used fragrance material that imparts a rose character to perfume compositions.

Almost all rose fragrances and other floral-type perfumes contain Phenylethyl alcohol, and Phenylethyl alcohol is used extensively for many other fragrance applications because it blends ell.
Phenylethyl alcohol is metabolized to phenylacetic acid in mammals.
In humans, it is excreted in urine as the conjugate phenylacetylglutamine.

Phenylethyl alcohol is the main component of rose oils obtained from rose blossoms.
Phenylethyl alcohol occurs in smaller quantities in neroli oil, ylang-ylang oil, carnation oil, and geranium oils.
Since the alcohol is rather soluble in water, losses occur when essential oils are produced by steam distillation.

Phenylethyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild rose odor.
It can be dehydrogenated catalytically to phenylacetaldehyde and oxidized to phenylacetic acid (e.g.,with chromic acid).
Its fatty acid esterswith lowermolecularmass, as well as some alkyl ethers, are valuable fragrance and flavor substances.

Phenylethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.
Phenylethyl alcohol has a role as a fragrance, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Aspergillus metabolite and a plant growth retardant.
It is a primary alcohol and a member of benzenes.

Phenylethyl alcohol is prepared by reduction of ethyl phenylacetate with sodium in absolute alcohol; by hydrogenation of phenylacetaldehyde in the presence of a nickel catalyst; or by addition of ethylene oxide or ethylene chlorohydrin to phenylmagnesium bromide, followed by hydrolysis.
Phenylethyl alcohol also occurs naturally in a number of essential oils, especially rose oil.
Phenylethyl alcohol, is a primary aromatic alcohol of high boiling point, having a characteristic rose-like odor.

Phenylethyl alcohol presents organoleptic properties and impacts the quality of the wine, distilled beverages, and fermented foods.
Phenylethyl alcohol shows its presence in fresh beer and is responsible for the rose-like odor of well-ripened cheese.
Phenylethyl alcohol is commercially and industrially an important flavor and is a component of a variety of foodstuffs such as ice cream, gelatin, candy, pudding, chewing gum, and non-alcoholic beverages.

Phenylethyl alcohol is formed by yeasts during fermentation of alcohols either by decomposition of L-phenylalanine or metabolism of sugar substrates.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Phenylethyl alcohol is prepared commercially via two routes.

Most common is the Friedel-Crafts reaction between benzene and ethylene oxide in the presence of aluminium trichloride.
C6H6 + CH2CH2O + AlCl3 → C6H5CH2CH2OAlCl2 + HCl
The reaction affords the aluminium alkoxide that is subsequently hydrolyzed to the desired product.

The main side product is Phenylethyl alcohol, which can be avoided by use of excess benzene.
Hydrogenation of styrene oxide also affords phenethyl alcohol.
Phenylethyl alcohol can also be prepared by the reaction between phenylmagnesium bromide and ethylene oxide:

C6H5MgBr + CH2CH2O → C6H5CH2CH2OMgBr
C6H5CH2CH2OMgBr + H+ → C6H5CH2CH2OH + MgBr+
Phenylethyl alcohol can also be produced by biotransformation from L-phenylalanine using immobilized yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Phenylethyl alcohol is also possible to produce phenethyl alcohol by the reduction of phenylacetic acid using sodium borohydride and iodine in THF.
Phenylethyl alcohol, first identified in rose, is present in the natural scent of many flowers.

Unlike most perfumery materials this one is slightly soluble in water, particularly hot water, which means that when natural rose otto is distilled most of the Phenylethyl alcohol is lost in the water and does not make it into the oil, so perfumers normally add it back when rose otto is being used - about four times as much as the otto.
Phenylethyl alcohol has a lovely mild, fresh floral-rose scent that can be easily pushed in the direction of other flowers when used in combination with other materials.
An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.

Phenylethyl alcohol is the analytical standard of 2-Phenylethanol.
Phenylethyl alcohol is intended for research and analytical applications.
Phenylethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with a rose-like odour.

Phenylethyl alcohol is a flavour and fragrance compound, and can be used as a preservative and anti-microbial agent.
Phenylethyl alcohol has antityrosinase and antimicrobial activities.
Phenylethyl alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral fragrance that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a preservative.

Its chemical formula is C8H10O, and it is naturally derived from plants such as rose and jasmine. Phenethyl Alcohol is effective against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, making it a popular alternative to synthetic preservatives.
Phenylethyl alcohol is soluble in both oil and water, which allows it to be easily incorporated into a wide range of cosmetic formulations.
With its natural origin and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, it is a good choice for those looking for safe and effective preservatives.

Phenylethyl alcohol is a phenethyl alcohol that prevents or retards bacterial growth, and thus protects cosmetics and personal care products from spoilage.
It is an antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence.
Phenylethyl alcohol is naturally found in a variety of essential oils, including rose, carnation, hyacinth, orange blossom, and geranium.

Phenylethyl alcohol is also present in some fruits and green teas.
Phenylethyl alcohol is extracted from essential oils of flowers such as roses.
It can be synthesized through several chemical methods, including the reaction of benzene with ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst.

Due to its floral scent, it is widely used in perfumes and fragrances, often as a substitute for the more expensive rose oil.
Included in products like lotions, creams, and shampoos to provide a pleasant fragrance.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used as a flavoring agent in foods and beverages, imparting a mild floral note.

Acts as a preservative in perfumes and cosmetic products due to its antimicrobial properties.
Employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and as an ingredient in certain medicinal formulations.
Utilized in some applications for its antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Phenylethyl alcohol s used in the manufacture of other chemicals and as a solvent in various industrial processes.
Phenylethyl alcohol is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in food and cosmetics.
However, it should be handled with care in industrial settings to avoid excessive exposure.

The structure consists of a benzene ring (a six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds) attached to a two-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group (-OH) at the end, forming an alcohol.
Phenylethyl alcohol can be synthesized by the reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide with ethylene oxide.
An alternative synthetic route involves the alkylation of benzene with ethylene oxide in the presence of an acid catalyst.
Styrene oxide can be reduced to phenylethyl alcohol using catalytic hydrogenation or other reducing agents.

One of the richest natural sources, contributing significantly to the aroma of rose oil.
Found in the essential oils extracted from these flowers.
Present in the essential oils of various geranium species.

These flowers also contain phenylethyl alcohol in their essential oils.
Small quantities can be found in fruits and green tea.
Acts as a fixative to slow the evaporation of more volatile fragrance components, enhancing the longevity of the scent.

Blends well with other floral and citrus notes, making it a versatile ingredient in many fragrance formulations.
Incorporated in skin care and hair care products to impart a pleasant floral aroma.
Phenylethyl alcohol is antimicrobial properties help extend the shelf life of cosmetic products by inhibiting microbial growth.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used in flavor formulations to provide a floral and slightly sweet note, enhancing the overall flavor profile of products like baked goods, candies, and beverages.
Approved for use as a flavoring agent in food products by regulatory authorities such as the FDA and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
Phenylethyl alcohol is used as an inactive ingredient in drug formulations to improve odor and taste.

Employed in certain medicinal products for its mild antiseptic properties.
Its antimicrobial properties are utilized in personal care and cosmetic products to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, thereby acting as a preservative.
Occasionally used in medical formulations for its antiseptic properties.

Employed as a solvent in the manufacture of resins, inks, and dyes due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of chemical compounds.
Acts as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemical compounds, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Phenylethyl alcohol is considered to have low toxicity.

However, as with any chemical, it should be handled with appropriate safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles.
Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA for use in food products and as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.
Phenylethyl alcohol is also listed in the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) and by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) as a safe ingredient when used within recommended concentrations.

Phenylethyl alcohol is biodegradable and considered to have a low environmental impact.
However, its production and use should still follow environmental regulations to minimize any potential negative effects.

Research continues into the antimicrobial properties of Phenylethyl alcohol, exploring its potential applications in new preservative systems for food and cosmetics.
Scientists are investigating its role in novel fragrance delivery systems and its potential as a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives in various products.

Melting point: -27 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 219-221 °C/750 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.020 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 4.21 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 58 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.5317(lit.)
FEMA 2858 | PHENETHYL ALCOHOL
Flash point: 216 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Miscible with chloroform.
form: Liquid
pka: 15.17±0.10(Predicted)
color: Clear colorless
Odor: floral odor of roses
PH: 6-7 (20g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit 1.4-11.9%(V)
Odor Type: floral
Water Solubility: 20 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,7224
JECFA Number: 987
BRN: 1905732
Dielectric constant: 13.0（20℃）

Phenylethyl alcohol, an aromatic alcohol with rose-like odor, is commonly used as a food flavoring and fragrance ingredient.
Phenylethyl alcohol is the main flavor volatile of tomato and blue cheese.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents and protein, e.g. serum.

Phenylethyl alcohol is partially inactivated by polysorbates, although this is not as great as the reduction in antimicrobial activity that occurs with parabens and polysorbates.
Phenylethyl alcohol is found in extract of rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca.
Phenylethyl alcohol is also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus Candida albicans.

Fusel alcohols like Phenylethyl alcohol are grain fermentation byproducts, and therefore trace amounts of Phenylethyl alcohols are present in many alcoholic beverages.
Phenylethyl alcohol is therefore a common ingredient in flavors and perfumery, particularly when the odor of rose is desired.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes.

Phenylethyl alcohol is also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions.
Phenylethyl alcohol is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used as an antimicrobial preservative in nasal, ophthalmic, and otic formulations at 0.25–0.5% v/v concentration in combination with other preservatives.

Phenylethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.
It has a role as a fragrance, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Aspergillus metabolite and a plant growth retardant.
It is a primary alcohol and a member of benzenes.

Phenylethyl alcohol is found in extract of rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca.
Phenylethyl alcohol is also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus Candida albicans.
It is therefore a common ingredient in flavors and perfumery, particularly when the odor of rose is desired.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes.
It is also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions.
Phenylethyl alcohol is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.

Phenylethyl alcohol, or 2-phenylethanol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2CH2OH.
It is a colourless liquid with a pleasant floral odor.
Phenylethyl alcohol occurs widely in nature, being found in a variety of essential oils.

Phenylethyl alcohol is slightly soluble in water (2 ml per 100 ml of H2O), but miscible with most organic solvents.
The molecule of Phenylethyl alcohol consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2−) attached to a hydroxyl group (−OH).
Besides its use as a fragrance, Phenylethyl alcohol can contribute to the overall sensory experience of moisturizers and lotions, adding a subtle floral note.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used in shampoos, conditioners, and hair sprays to enhance fragrance and sometimes for its antimicrobial properties.
Found in products like foundations, lipsticks, and powders to impart a pleasant scent and act as a preservative.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used in creams and ointments for its antimicrobial effects, helping to prevent infection in minor cuts, burns, and abrasions.

Included in mouthwashes and toothpaste for its antibacterial properties and to improve flavor.
Acts as a solvent and stabilizer in various drug formulations, ensuring the active ingredients remain effective and stable over time.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used in candies, baked goods, and beverages to add a mild floral note.

Phenylethyl alcohol is especially common in products aiming to replicate natural fruit or floral flavors.
Often included in "natural flavor" formulations due to its occurrence in various plants and flowers.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used as a solvent in the production of certain adhesives and sealants, where its chemical properties help achieve the desired consistency and performance.

Acts as a solvent and stabilizer in the production of coatings and printing inks, ensuring uniform application and durability.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used as an intermediate in the production of some plastics and polymers.
Sometimes used in the formulation of pesticides due to its solvent properties, helping to dissolve and stabilize active ingredients.

Ongoing studies are exploring the potential of Phenylethyl alcohol as a natural preservative in food and cosmetics, with interest in its efficacy against a wide range of microorganisms.
Research is focusing on sustainable methods of producing Phenylethyl alcohol, including bio-synthesis from renewable resources.
Phenylethyl alcohol has been reviewed by the CIR Expert Panel and deemed safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products.

The International Fragrance Association (IFRA) has established guidelines for the use of phenylethyl alcohol in fragrances to ensure safety and consumer protection.
The FDA classifies Phenylethyl alcohol as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) for its intended use in food products, subject to good manufacturing practices.

Research is being conducted on greener synthesis methods to produce Phenylethyl alcohol with a lower environmental footprint.
Phenylethyl alcohol is biodegradable, reducing its long-term impact on the environment when released in small quantities.

Uses:
Phenylethyl alcohol is qualitatively and quantitatively one of the most important fragrance substances that belongs to the class of araliphatic alcohols.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used frequently and in large amounts as a fragrance material.
It is a popular component in rose-type compositions, but it is also used in other blossom notes.

Phenylethyl alcohol is stable to alkali and, therefore, ideally suited for use in soap perfumes.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used to mask odor and also as a preservative.
Phenylethyl alcohol is a staple in luxury perfumes for its ability to blend well with other floral and fruity notes, providing a rich, long-lasting scent.

Utilized in aromatherapy products due to its calming and soothing fragrance, often found in essential oil blends aimed at relaxation and stress relief.
Enhances floral notes in various scented products, making it a preferred choice for products aiming to mimic the natural aroma of flowers.
Added to hand sanitizers for its pleasant scent and antimicrobial properties, making the product more appealing to users.

Found in bath oils, salts, and bubbles for its aromatic properties and mild skin-conditioning benefits.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used in aftershaves and colognes to provide a fresh, lingering fragrance.
Included in creams for treating acne and other bacterial skin infections due to its antimicrobial properties.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used in eye drops as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination.
Sometimes used as a flavoring agent in cough syrups to mask the bitter taste of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Added to alcoholic beverages such as liqueurs and certain wines to enhance their aromatic profiles.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used extensively in chocolates, candies, and ice creams to impart a delicate, floral sweetness.
Added to flavored yogurts and creams for a subtle enhancement of taste and aroma.
Acts as a component in some lubricants and greases to improve their performance under varying temperature conditions.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used in the production of plasticizers, which are added to polymers to increase their flexibility and durability.
Sometimes included in animal feed additives to enhance the flavor and palatability of feed for livestock.
Utilized in formulations designed to attract beneficial insects for pollination or pest control purposes.

Studies focus on the biosynthetic pathways of Phenylethyl alcohol in plants and microorganisms, aiming to develop sustainable production methods.
Investigations into Phenylethyl alcohol as a natural preservative in food and cosmetics, looking for alternatives to synthetic preservatives.
Monitoring and managing potential allergens in consumer products containing Phenylethyl alcohol to ensure they meet safety standards.

Ensuring compliance with international regulations and standards set by bodies such as the FDA, EFSA, and IFRA for its use in various industries.
Research and development into green chemistry methods for producing Phenylethyl alcohol, aiming to reduce the environmental impact of its production.
Exploring efficient waste management practices to handle by-products generated during the production of phenylethyl alcohol.

Used in fabric fresheners to impart a pleasant scent to clothing and linens.
Included in detergents and fabric softeners for its fragrance and mild antimicrobial properties.
Investigated as a coating for medical devices to provide antimicrobial properties, reducing the risk of infections.

Acts as a solvent or stabilizer in various pharmaceutical formulations to ensure proper drug delivery and efficacy.
Utilized in air fresheners and odor control products to mask unpleasant smells and provide a pleasant environment.
Included in some pest repellent formulations due to its mild repellent properties against certain insects.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used as an antimicrobial preservative in nasal, ophthalmic, and otic formulations at 0.25–0.5% v/v concentration; it is generally used in combination with other preservatives.
Phenylethyl alcohol has also been used on its own as an antimicrobial preservative at concentrations up to 1% v/v in topical preparations.
At this concentration, mycoplasmas are inactivated within 20 minutes, although enveloped viruses are resistant.

Phenylethyl alcohol is also used in flavors and as a perfumery component, especially in rose perfumes.
Phenylethyl alcohol may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard in the determination of the analyte in pharmaceutical formulations by spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques.
Phenylethyl alcohol is a key ingredient in many perfumes due to its pleasant floral scent, often reminiscent of roses.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used in food and beverage products to impart a sweet, floral taste, enhancing flavors in items like candies, baked goods, and beverages.
Common in essential oil formulations for its fragrance and mild antimicrobial properties.
Phenylethyl alcohol included in lotions, creams, and moisturizers for its fragrance and skin-conditioning properties.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used in shampoos, conditioners, and hair sprays for scent and to improve product stability.
Found in foundations, lipsticks, and other makeup products for its pleasant aroma and preservative qualities.
Helps to mask body odors and enhance the overall scent profile of the product.

Acts as an antimicrobial agent in creams and ointments to prevent infections in minor cuts and abrasions.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used in mouthwashes and toothpaste for its antibacterial properties and to improve flavor.
Serves as a solvent and stabilizer in various pharmaceutical preparations, ensuring the effectiveness and stability of the active ingredients.

Added to candies, baked goods, and beverages to provide a floral note and enhance overall flavor profiles.
Included in natural flavor formulations due to its occurrence in various plants and flowers, providing an authentic taste.
Phenylethyl alcohol utilized as a solvent in the production of certain adhesives and sealants, helping achieve the desired consistency and performance.

Functions as a solvent and stabilizer in the production of coatings and printing inks, ensuring uniform application and durability.
Acts as an intermediate in the synthesis of some plastics and polymers, contributing to their production process.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used in some pesticide formulations for its solvent properties, helping to dissolve and stabilize active ingredients effectively.

Investigated for its potential as a natural preservative in food and cosmetics, with ongoing studies exploring its efficacy against a wide range of microorganisms.
Research focuses on sustainable methods of producing phenylethyl alcohol, including biosynthesis from renewable resources.
Phenylethyl alcohol has been reviewed by the CIR Expert Panel and deemed safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products.

The International Fragrance Association (IFRA) has established guidelines for the use of Phenylethyl alcohol in fragrances to ensure safety and consumer protection.
The FDA classifies phenylethyl alcohol as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) for its intended use in food products, subject to good manufacturing practices.

Research is being conducted on greener synthesis methods to produce Phenylethyl alcohol with a lower environmental footprint.
Phenylethyl alcohol is biodegradable, reducing its long-term impact on the environment when released in small quantities.

Storage:
Phenylethyl alcohol is stable in bulk, but is volatile and sensitive to light and oxidizing agents.
Phenylethyl alcohol is reasonably stable in both acidic and alkaline solutions.
Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving.

If stored in low-density polyethylene containers, Phenylethyl alcohol may be absorbed by the containers.
Losses to polypropylene containers have been reported to be insignificant over 12 weeks at 30°C.

Sorption to rubber closures is generally small.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

Safety Profile:
Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact.
A skin and eye irritant.
Experimental teratogenic effects.

Other experimental reproductive effects.
Causes severe central nervous system injury to experimental animals.
Mutation data reported.

Combustible when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidzing materials.
To fight fEe, use CO2, dry chemical.
When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes

Phenylethyl alcohol is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material.
However, at the concentration used to preserve eye-drops (about 0.5% v/v) or above, eye irritation may occur.

Phosphorite; Phosphate rock; cas no: 65996-94-3

[ hydroxy(oxo)silyl]peroxy-dimethyl-(3-phenylpropyl)silane phenyl propyl dimethyl siloxysilicate silicic acid, dimethyl(2-phenylpropyl)silyl ester CAS Number 207692-01-1

Phenoxetol; Phenoxyethyl Alcohol; Arosol; 2-phenoxy-Ethanol; ��-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether; ��-Phenoxyethyl alcohol; Dowanol EPh; Glycol monophenyl ether; Phenoxetol; Phenoxyethanol; Phenoxyethyl alcohol; Phenyl cellosolve; 1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane; 2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether; Ethylene glycol phenyl ether; Phenoxytol; Phenylmonoglycol ether; 2-Fenoxyethanol; 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol; Plastiazan-41 (Russian); Fenylcelosolv; Phenoxethol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; cas no:122-99-6

Peroxide; Hydrogen Dioxide; Albone; Inhibine; Perhydrol; Peroxan; Oxydol; Hydroperoxide; Hioxy; Dihydrogen Dioxide; Perossido Di Idrogeno; Peroxyde D'hydrogene; Wasserstoffperoxid; Aterstofperoxyde; CAS NO:7722-84-1

TRIETHOXYPHENYLSILANE; Benzeneorthosiliconic acid; triethyl ester; CP0320; phenyltriethoxy-silan CAS NO:780-69-8

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is the standard of care for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and an ingredient in multipurpose contact lens solutions, such as Renu.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is also used as a surface disinfectant and is alleged to be suitable for skin disinfection.

CAS Number: 32289-58-0
Molecular Formula: C10H23N5
Molecular Weight: 213.32312
EINECS Number: 1308068-626-2

3030-47-5, 1,1,4,7,7-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, N,N,N',N'',N''-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, PMDT, N1-(2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl)-N1,N2,N2-trimethylethane-1,2-diamine, PMDETA, PMDTA, N,N,N',N',N''-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, Pentamethyldiethylenetriaminek, Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)(methyl)amine, 2,5,8-Trimethyl-2,5,8-triazanonane, N,N',N''-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, pmdien, NSC 65659, n,n,n,n,n-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, 1,2-Ethanediamine, N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N,N',N'-trimethyl-, Diethylenetriamine, 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethyl-, 3274UTY3HL, DTXSID7029249, CHEBI:39475, MFCD00014876, NSC-65659, 1,2-Ethanediamine, N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N,N',N'-trimethyl-, N'-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N,N,N'-trimethylethane-1,2-diamine, N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N,N',N'-trimethylethane-1,2-diamine, 1,2-Ethanediamine, N1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N1,N2,N2-trimethyl-, 2,2'-(methylazanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethylethanamine), N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N,N',N'-trimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine, N-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]-N,N',N'-trimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine, EINECS 221-201-1, BRN 1741396, UNII-3274UTY3HL, 1,2-Ethanediamine, N1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N1,N2,N2-trimethyl-, (2-{2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino}ethyl)dimethylamine, Pentamethyldethylenetramne, N,N,N',N',N"-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, pentamethyldiethyenetriamine, EC 221-201-1, pentamethyl diethylentriamine, pentamethyl-diethylentriamine, pentamethyl diethylenetriamine, pentamethyldiethylene-triamine, Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine;, SCHEMBL37515, pentamethyl diethylene triamine, DTXCID109249, CHEMBL3183641, UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-, N,N''-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, N-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-N,N',N'-trimethylethane-1,2-diamine, NSC65659, N-(Methoxycarbonyl)-2-propenylamine, Tox21_200681, Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)methylamine, AKOS015915357, 1,4,7,7-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, WLN: 1N1&2N1&2N1&1, 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethyldiethlenetriamine, NCGC00248795-01, NCGC00258235-01, 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethyldiethlene triamine, Diethylenetriamine,1,4,7,7-pentamethyl-, LS-13731, CAS-3030-47-5, N,N',N',N''-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, CS-0077160, NS00004531, P0881, N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylene triamine, N,N,N',N',N''-Pentamethyidiethylenetriamine, D78228, EN300-175590, N,N,N', N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylene triamine, A934684, Q965311, J-017894, J-523896, 1, N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N,N',N'-trimethyl-, N,N,N',N'',N''-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, 99%, N-(2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl)-N,N',N'-trimethyl-1,2-ethandiamin, N'-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-N,N,N'-trimethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine, N-(2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-N,N',N'-trimethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine, N-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-N,N',N'-trimethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine, N1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N1,N2,N2-trimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine, Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine N,N,N,N,N``-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, InChI=1/C9H23N3/c1-10(2)6-8-12(5)9-7-11(3)4/h6-9H2,1-5H3

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide has a slow effectand does not meet the practical requirementsfor prophylactic antiseptics in this respect.
Although PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is somewhat less effective than benzalkonium chloride, it is sometimes used instead of benzalkonium because it is less foamproducing under use conditions.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a polymer used primarily as an antiseptic and disinfectant.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide belongs to the biguanide class of chemicals, which are known for their antimicrobial properties.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is commonly found in various consumer products such as contact lens solutions, wound care products, and swimming pool disinfectants.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide works by disrupting the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to their destruction.
The preparation method of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide:By a certain proportion of 1; the own bisguanides of 6-and catalyst join in reaction vessel; under nitrogen protection, said mixture is heated to 80-200 DEGC and reacts, react 2-24 hour; reaction terminates; cooling blowing, obtains poly hexamethylene biguanide, poly hexamethylene biguanide aqueous acid is neutralized to pH value 5-9; and performing filtering so as to obtain a polyhexamethylene biguanidine salt.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a water solution that can be used as a broad spectrum and high efficient disinfectant.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.

Because of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanides special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a cationic polymer with antimicrobial and antiviral properties.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide has been commonly accepted that the antimicrobial activity is due to the ability of PHMB to perforate the bacterial phospholipid membrane leading ultimately to its death.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide molecules attach to the surface of the phospholipid bilayer and partially penetrate it, they do not cause any pore formation at least within the microsecond simulation times.
These products have a proven track record, over many years, of use in a diverse range of hygiene products – respectively, disinfectants in the institutional, healthcare and food manufacturing industries, the household products and personal care industries, and the textile industry.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a fast-acting and broad spectrum antimicrobial, providing activity against a wide range of bacteria and viruses

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, it is spelled polihexanide (INN) and sold under the names Lavasept, Serasept, Prontosan, and Omnicide.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Products containing PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is sold as a swimming pool and spa disinfectant in place of chlorine or bromine based products under the name Baquacil.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in the majority of formulations.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a polymer composed of repeating units of hexamethylene biguanide.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanides chemical formula is (C8H18N4)n, where n represents the number of repeating units.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide disrupts the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to cell lysis and death.
This mechanism of action makes it effective against a wide range of pathogens.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in various medical and healthcare products such as wound care solutions, antiseptic creams, and contact lens solutions.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide helps prevent infections and promotes wound healing.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is found in personal care products like soaps, shampoos, and skincare formulations for its antimicrobial properties.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in textile treatments to impart antimicrobial properties to fabrics, especially in healthcare settings where hygiene is crucial.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used as a disinfectant in swimming pools, spas, and water purification systems to control microbial growth and ensure water safety.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is utilized in various industrial processes where microbial contamination needs to be controlled, such as in the manufacturing of paints, coatings, and adhesives.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is generally considered safe for its intended applications when used according to recommended guidelines.

However, like any chemical, it should be handled with care to avoid adverse effects.
Proper concentration and usage are important to prevent irritation or sensitization in some individuals.
Regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) have established guidelines and regulations for the use of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide in consumer products to ensure its safety and efficacy.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high efficiency disinfectant.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is non-corrosive to the skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is non-toxic to human cells.

Skin irritancy test of rabbits and human hands shows that PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is non-irritant to animal and human skin.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is odorless and can be easily dissolved in water to form a tasteless colorless transparent solution.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide can be used as a disinfectant for almost all kinds of bacteria.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide or Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, is a cationic biguanide polymer bioci antimicrobial applications.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a substance that controls, prevents, or destroys harmful microorganisms (i.e., bacter fungi) on inanimate objects and surfaces.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a disinfectant with a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a cationic biocide marketed worldwide due to its excellent antimicrobial activity, chem toxicity, and reasonable cost.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide destroys or irreversibly inactivates most pathogenic microorganisms.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a broad-spectrum antiseptic that avoids many efficacy and toxicity problems associat antimicrobials; in particular, it has a low risk of loss of susceptibility due to acquired antimicrobial resistance.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used as a sanitizer, bactericide ( antibacterial ), antiseptic, and disinfectant, widely eff positive and negative gram bacteria with applications in surface cleaners, hand cleaners/sanitizing, close to neutral powder de polymers, antimicrobial and dishwashing liquids, and other personal care applications with microbial activity.
20% Aqueous solution of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used as a biocide, antibacterial, Disinfectant, and Virucidal.
At a 1% to 2% dosage, this can be an adequate replacement for alcohol in your products as a water-based disinfectant.

This is very effective compared to Benzalkonium Chloride.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is an excellent biocide that is an environmentally friendly product and is expected to be used to provide valuable disinfection, cleaning, and hygiene functions in a broad type of products such as cosmetics, deodorant, co solutions, fabric softeners, water treatments, wound care products, and antimicrobial foam dressings.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is expected to be a component of pool cleaners, skin disinfectants, urinary catheter flush solutions, sanitizers in different ap hospital disinfectants, and food and equipment in contact with food.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide, polyhexanide or polihexanide, is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide renders it of potential interest in the field of supramolecular chemistry.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is available also as a solid.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a disinfectant with a broad spectrum of inducing cell death by disrupting cell membrane integrity.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is an environmentally friendly, noncorrosive, and nontoxic to humans and animals.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a preservative in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions, hand washes, and more.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a formulation based on PHMB used as sanitizer, bactericide ( antibacterial ), antiseptic and disinfectant, widely effective against positive and negative gram bacteria with applications in surface cleaners, hand cleaners / sanitizing , close to neutral powder detergent, latex polymers, antimicrobial and dishwashing liquids and other personal care applications with microbial activity.

In cosmetics, PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide enables the preservation of fruit and vegetables.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is also used to preserve wet wipes, control odor in textiles, prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; disinfect medical/dental utensils and trays, farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling institutions and hospitals; and to deodorize vacuums and toilets.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide can work at low concentrations with swift action, a broad spectrum of action, and its wide acceptance and exploitation for potential multi-purpose functional use.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide will be promising for advanced environmental treatments, including food disinfection, water disinfection, and surface disinfection, and meet the criteria for an ideal antimicrobial agent.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a chemical biocide and a member of the polymeric guanidine family.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used as a disinfectant, antiseptic, and general disinfecting agent in the food industry and, very successfully, for the disinfection of swimming pools.

This widely used biocide has been reviewed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and noted, except for occupational users, as having a shallow aggregate risk of adverse health effects on the public or environment.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide binds to the negatively charged phosphate head groups of phospholipids at the bacteria cell wall, causing increased rigidity, sinking nonpolar segments into hydrophobic domains, and disrupting the membrane with subsequent cytoplasmic shedding culminating in cell death.
There have been no reported instances of bacteria acquiring resistance to PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is well tolerated when used topically on skin, eyes, the ciliated epithelium of the nose, and wounds.
The market for PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide-containing products, which now include liquids, gels, and antimicrobial dressings, is expanding rapidly

storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: Water
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H23N5/c1-9(11)14-7-5-3-4-6-8-15-10(12)13-2/h3-8H2,1-2H3,(H2,11,14)(H3,12,13,15)
InChIKey: SAGIGHPRUJPLKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(=N)(C)NCCCCCCNC(=N)NC

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a broad‐spectrum antimicrobial substance used as a preservative in many products.
These products have a proven track record, over many years, of use in a diverse range of hygiene products – respectively, disinfectants in the institutional, healthcare and food manufacturing industries, the household products and personal care industries, and the textile industry.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a fast-acting and broad spectrum antimicrobial, providing activity against a wide range of bacteria and viruses

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide performs a high activity and the polymer itself is cationic.
Since bacteria and viruses are usually anionic, they are easy to be absorbed by PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide and could not divide and reproduce, and finally turn inactive.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide collapses the cell membrane structure and forms transmembrane stomata.

Ultimately, PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide causes cell membrane rupture, disrupts the energy metabolism of the organism, and disables bacteria and viruses.
The polymer forms a film that closes off the breathing passages of microorganisms, causing them to suffocate and die.
The sterilization mechanism is independent of the form and type of microorganisms.

Even if the microorganisms mutate, the mutation will not affect their efficacy.
Microorganisms do not produce resistance to PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is part of the same pharmaceutical family as chlorhexidine and is active against many bacteria.
In dermatological use, PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is spelled polihexanide (INN) and sold under Lavasept, Serasept, Prontosan, and Omnicide.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a new generation of disinfectant with a wide scope of applications in agriculture and food processing plants, logistics, kitchens,
transport vehicles.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a disinfectant with a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria, viruses and fungi, inducing cell death by disrupting cell membrane integrity and it is used as a preservative in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions, hand washes, and more.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is also used to preserve wet wipes; to control odor in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation, sterile dressings; to deodorize vacuums and toilets; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, farm equipment, animal drinking water and hard surfaces for food handling institutions and hospitals.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in antimicrobial hand washes, rubs, and air filter treatments as an alternative to ozone.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment and as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.

It has been used in many applications, from swimming pool sanitizers to preservatives in cosmetics and contact lens solutions.
Clinical studies indicate it has a broad spectrum of activity, including against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide appears to be available in presentations that provide clinicians with effective wound care modalities for most clinical scenarios and has also been used as a perioperative cleansing agent in ophthalmology.

Adopt the melt polycondensation method.
Put the appropriate amount of guanidine hydrochloride and 1, 6-hexane-diamine in the polymerization kettle, stir, and raise the temperature.
After the reactants are completely melted, continue to raise the temperature, constant temperature reaction for about 2h.

And then raise the temperature to a predetermined temperature for the reaction.
After the reaction is finished, stop stirring, and pass nitrogen gas into the kettle.
Let the product flow into the pre-prepared container.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is usually formulated with other water treatment chemicals.
The exact formula depends on water and equipment conditions.
The recommended dosage is 100~500 mg/L when used as a separate disinfectant.

The dosage should be determined by the exact process and method if applied in textile and printing, livestock-raising, and aquaculture.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a polymer that, in its neat form, represents a solid/powder of > 94.2 % purity, colorless, odorless, non-corrosive, and non-irritating
antimicrobial biocide.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide has a good water solubility of around 40 %.

It is also soluble in alcohol and used as a common solvent for paints and lacquers.
Average molecular weights range between 2670 and 4216 Da.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a positively charged polymer having polymeric biguanide units in the backbone of its structure [−(CH2)6.NH.C(=NH). NH.C(=NH).NH-]n, where n ranges from 2 to 40, having an average value of 11.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is as good a metal chelator as its parent molecule, biguanide; the five conjugated amines, when binding to neighboring molecules with multiple hydrogen bonds, will be attractive for supra molecular chemistry.
Films of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide are transparent and very adhesive to metal, plastics, and glass.
It is a proton conductor, potentially applicable to proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

The infrared absorption spectrum of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide showed that the most important are those located at the 2,000–2,400 nm range, corresponding to nitrogen-related vibrations, including combination bands due to nitrogen-carbon bonds in the biguanide pseudoaromatic ring.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is recognized as the safest and the most efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial agent in the 21st century.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is colorless and tasteless, low bacterial inhibition concentration, broad spectrum, low toxicity.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide can form a layer of cations on the surface of article, which can inhibit bacteria for a long time.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide also has no bacteria drug resistance.

Uses:
Broad spectrum antimicrobial polymer; binds and disrupts cytoplasmic membranes.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is spelled polihexanide (INN) and sold under names such as Lavasept, Serasept, Prontosan and Omnicide.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide, is a synthetic polymer that is used in a variety of consumer and industrial products, including wet wipes.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is an antimicrobial agent that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is also effective against a wide range of viruses, including influenza and hepatitis.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide has been used in wet wipes for many years and is considered to be safe and effective.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide can completely kill escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida Albicans, gonococcus, salmonella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria, dysentery, aspergillus niger, brucella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio algolyticus, vibrio eelis, Aeromonas hydrophilus, sulfate-reducing bacteria, iron bacteria, and saprophytic bacteria.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is suitable to care solutions for contact lenses, cosmetics, medical, pharmaceuticals, skin, mucosa, vegetable, fruit, air, drinking water, swimming pool, paper making, tissue, anitary pads, clothes, etc.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a kind of broad-spectrum antibacterial agent recognized as the safest and most efficient in the 21st century.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is colorless and odorless, has low bacteriostatic concentration, broad-spectrum and low toxicity, fast action, low foam volume, and can After forming a layer of cations on the surface of the article for a long time, it will not cause bacteriostasis, and it will not cause antibacterial bacteria.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is currently widely used in medical devices, public environments, home, fabrics, food, milk, and care products.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is widely used in medical and health, daily chemicals, textiles, paper, wet wipes, animal husbandry, breeding, aquatic products, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide formulations help maintain hygiene and prevent skin infections in pets and livestock.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is incorporated into household cleaning products for its antimicrobial properties.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide can be found in surface disinfectants, bathroom cleaners, and other household disinfecting sprays to kill bacteria and viruses on surfaces.
In addition to personal care products, PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in cosmetics to prevent microbial contamination and extend product shelf life.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide may be included in formulations such as makeup removers, facial cleansers, and other cosmetic products where preservation is important.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide finds applications in agriculture for crop protection and preservation.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide may be used in formulations to control microbial growth on seeds, plant surfaces, and agricultural equipment, helping to prevent diseases and improve crop yields.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide-coated medical devices are increasingly being developed to prevent microbial colonization and reduce the risk of device-related infections.
These may include catheters, implants, and surgical instruments where antimicrobial protection is critical.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide can be used in mold remediation products to inhibit the growth of mold and mildew on surfaces, particularly in damp or humid environments where mold growth is a concern.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is sometimes used as a preservative in pharmaceutical formulations to prevent microbial contamination and maintain product stability.
In addition to its use as a standalone antimicrobial agent, PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide may also be incorporated into formulations with other biocides to enhance antimicrobial efficacy across a broader spectrum of microorganisms.
These various applications highlight the versatility and effectiveness of PHM

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in various healthcare products for its antiseptic and antimicrobial properties.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide helps prevent infections and promotes wound healing.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used to treat minor cuts, burns, and abrasions.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is included in multipurpose solutions to disinfect and clean contact lenses.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is found in many personal care products for its antimicrobial benefits.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide helps control the growth of bacteria and fungi on the skin.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide prevents microbial contamination and maintains product freshness.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide may be included in creams, lotions, and gels to inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in textile finishing treatments to impart antimicrobial properties to fabrics.

This is particularly important in healthcare settings, where textiles such as hospital gowns, bed linens, and curtains need to be hygienic and resistant to microbial growth.PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is employed as a disinfectant in swimming pools, spas, and water purification systems.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide effectively controls microbial growth, including bacteria and algae, to ensure water safety and clarity.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in various industrial processes where microbial contamination needs to be controlled.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide helps prevent microbial growth and deterioration of coatings.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide ensures product integrity by inhibiting microbial contamination.
Other industrial applications where microbial control is necessary for product quality and safety.

Safety Profile:
On the 20th of April 2018, the european commission decided to ban preservative uses of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide PT9 (Fibre, leather, rubber and polymerised materials preservatives).
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide’s still allowed for uses as disinfectants PT2 (Disinfectants and algaecides not intended for direct application to humans or animals).
In 2011, PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide was classified as category 2 carcinogen by the European Chemical Agency, but it is still allowed in cosmetics in small quantities if exposure by inhalation is impossible.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide can cause skin irritation or sensitization, particularly in individuals with sensitive skin or those who are exposed to concentrated solutions for prolonged periods.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is important to use protective gloves and avoid direct skin contact when handling concentrated PHMB solutions.
Contact with PHMB can cause irritation to the eyes.

In case of eye exposure, it is essential to rinse the eyes thoroughly with water and seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Inhalation of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide dust or mist may cause respiratory irritation or discomfort.
Adequate ventilation should be ensured in areas where PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is handled, and respiratory protection may be necessary when working with powdered forms of PHMB.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is generally considered low in toxicity, high concentrations or ingestion of PHMB solutions can be harmful.
Ingestion of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide may cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and other adverse effects.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is essential to store PHMB products securely and keep them out of reach of children and pets.

PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a colorless to yellowish liquid.


CAS Number: 32289-58-0; 27083-27-8
EC Number: 1308068-626-2
Chemical Name:Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride
Chemical Formula: (C8H17N5)n•(HCl)x



SYNONYMS:
biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB (Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexamethylene biguanidine Hydrochloride, Pure Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB) CAS 32289-58-0, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)hydrochloride,
Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexamethylene guanide, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl-iminoimidocarbonyl-iminohexamethylene) Hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), Polihexanide, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride, biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB(Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine hydrochloride, PHMB; Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Poly(hexamethylene) biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl)iminohexamethylene hydrochloride, N,N'''-1,6-Hexanediylbis(N'-cyanoguanidine) hexamethylenediamine polymer hydrochloride, biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB (Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexamethylene biguanidine Hydrochloride, Pure Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB) CAS 32289-58-0, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)hydrochloride,
Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexamethylene guanide, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl-iminoimidocarbonyl-iminohexamethylene) Hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), Polihexanide, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride, biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB(Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine hydrochloride, PHMB; Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Poly(hexamethylene) biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl)iminohexamethylene hydrochloride, N,N'''-1,6-Hexanediylbis(N'-cyanoguanidine) hexamethylenediamine polymer hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB(Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexamethylene biguanidine Hydrochloride,



PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a cationic biocide matketed worldwide due to its excellent antimicrobial activity, chemical stability, low toxicity.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


The solution of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is an important ingredient in some pharmaceutical or veterinary formulations.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.


In dermatological use, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also called polihexanide.
The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is available also as 20% aqueous solution.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a cationic disinfectant that is effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria through its electrostatic interaction with negative sites on the lipopolysaccharide component of bacterial cell membranes.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is the standard of care for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and an ingredient in multipurpose contact lens solutions.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a colorless to yellowish liquid.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, in which the guanidine group has high activity, which can make the polymer into a positive charge, and it is easily attacked by various negatively charged bacteria and bacteria.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a cationic disinfectant that is effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria through its electrostatic interaction with negative sites on the lipopolysaccharide component of bacterial cell membranes.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


Since PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is the standard of care for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and an ingredient in multipurpose contact lens solutions.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also called polihexanide.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is very effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is an antimicrobial agent that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also effective against a wide range of viruses, including influenza and hepatitis.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% has been used in wet wipes for many years and is considered to be safe and effective.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is very effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


The bactericidal ability of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is better than other bactericides.
In particular, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%'s unique long-term antibacterial effect and the ability to prevent secondary infection are not achieved by other fungicides.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, in which the guanidine group has high activity, which can make the polymer into a positive charge, and it is easily attacked by various negatively charged bacteria and bacteria.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


The solution of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is an important ingredient in some pharmaceutical or veterinary formulations.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, in which the guanidine group has high activity, which can make the polymer into a positive charge, and it is easily attacked by various negatively charged bacteria and bacteria.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can completely kill escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida Albicans, gonococcus, salmonella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria, dysentery, aspergillus niger, brucella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio algolyticus, vibrio eelis, Aeromonas hydrophilus, sulfate-reducing bacteria, iron bacteria, and saprophytic bacteria.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is suitable to care solutions for contact lenses, cosmetics, medical, pharmaceuticals, skin, mucosa, vegetable, fruit, air, drinking water, swimming pool, paper making, tissue, anitary pads, clothes, etc.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquaculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely utilized as a disinfectant in personal care commodities like cosmetics and toiletries and as a sanitizer in swimming pools.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% possesses marked characteristics of cationic polyelectrolyte.
There are also unique determination methods to PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% using its ion association with organic anions and polyanion.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% restrains the gram-positive bacterium,gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast etc.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is suitable to care solutions for contact lenses, cosmetics, medical, pharmaceuticals, skin, mucosa, vegetable, fruit, air, drinking water, swimming pool, paper making, tissue, anitary pads, clothes, etc.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquaculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant,etc.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


As a sanitizer, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.
Since PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be widely applied in the fields of daily chemical industry, water treatment, textile, papermaking, petroleum, agriculture, husbandry, health care etc.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is often used as sanitary wet wipe bactericides, fruit, vegetable and aquatic product disinfectants, sewage treatment flocculation disinfectants etc.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and more.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also widely used in evironmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
As a medicinal product, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used for disinfection of contact lenses, eye drops, and surgical procedures.


Due to the strong tolerance of the eyes to PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used as a drug for the treatment of Acanthopanaxa Miba keratitis and the prevention and treatment of other eye diseases.


Another good application of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is that it is widely used as a swimming-pool and spa water sanitizer instead of chlorine- or bromine-based commodities.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also utilized as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.


As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is utilized in chemical products like cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and so on.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is applied as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


At the same time, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also widely used in cosmetics, personal care products, textiles, food industries, etc.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant,etc.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
As a medicinal product, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used for disinfection of contact lenses, eye drops, and surgical procedures.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can completely kill escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida Albicans, gonococcus, salmonella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria, dysentery, aspergillus niger, brucella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio algolyticus, vibrio eelis, Aeromonas hydrophilus, sulfate-reducing bacteria, iron bacteria, and saprophytic bacteria.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
As a sanitizer, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is often used as sanitary wet wipe bactericides, fruit, vegetable and aquatic product disinfectants, sewage treatment flocculation disinfectants etc.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a synthetic polymer that is used in a variety of consumer and industrial products, including wet wipes.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as fungicides, bactericides mainly used in swimming pools, universal cleaning agents and disinfectants.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% restrains the gram-positive bacterium, gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast, and so on.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also commonly applied in eviromental disinfection area, such as in hospitals, schools, hotels, and a lot of other public sites.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.


As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also used to preserve wet wipes; to control odor in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling institutions and hospitals; and to deodorize vacuums and toilets.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant,etc.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.
Since PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.


As a sanitizer, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


As a sanitizer, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Due to the strong tolerance of the eyes to PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used as a drug for the treatment of Acanthopanaxa Miba keratitis and the prevention and treatment of other eye diseases.


At the same time, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also widely used in cosmetics, personal care products, textiles, food industries, etc.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.
As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


As a sanitizer, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely utilized as a disinfectant in personal care commodities like cosmetics and toiletries and as a sanitizer in swimming pools.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% possesses marked characteristics of cationic polyelectrolyte.
There are also unique determination methods to PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% using its ion association with organic anions and polyanion.


As a sanitizer, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.
Another good application of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is that it is widely used as a swimming-pool and spa water sanitizer instead of chlorine- or bromine-based commodities.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also utilized as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is utilized in chemical products like cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and so on.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is applied as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% restrains the gram-positive bacterium, gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast, and so on.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also commonly applied in eviromental disinfection area, such as in hospitals, schools, hotels, and a lot of other public sites.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be widely applied in the fields of daily chemical industry, water treatment, textile, papermaking, petroleum, agriculture, husbandry, health care etc.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as fungicides, bactericides mainly used in swimming pools, universal cleaning agents and disinfectants.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant,etc.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, the preservation of fruit and vegetables.
As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.
Since PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% restrains the gram-positive bacterium, gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast etc.
As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and more.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also widely used in evironmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as a preservative in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions, hand washes, and more.



PROPERTIES OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency disinfectant.

PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%'s special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% disinfectant is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is non-corrosive to skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is non-toxic to human cells.

Skin irritancy test shows that PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is non-irritant to animal and human skin.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquiculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.



SYNTHESIS OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20% ANTIMICROBIAL:
*Adopt the melt polycondensation method.
Put the appropriate amount of guanidine hydrochloride and 1, 6-hexane-diamine in the polymerization kettle, stir, and raise the temperature.
After the reactants are completely melted, continue to raise the temperature, constant temperature reaction for about 2h.

And then raise the temperature to a predetermined temperature for the reaction.
After the reaction is finished, stop stirring, and pass nitrogen gas into the kettle.
Open the discharge port at the same time.

Let the product flow into the pre-prepared container.
Let PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% cool down and solidify, then crush it for use.
By following the above procedure, theoretically, a bulk polymer can be produced.

But in practice, due to the difference in the reactivity of the functional groups, will produce an insoluble cross-linked structure, cross-linked polymers are insoluble, and not conducive to melt processing, but as long as the appropriate reaction conditions can be controlled to obtain linear high molecular weight products.



PROPERTIES OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high efficiency disinfectant.

PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%'s special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is non-corrosive to the skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is non-toxic to human cells.



FEATURES OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
*Broad spectrum kills and inhibits various types of microbial.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is odorless and can be easily dissolved in water to form a tasteless colorless transparent solution.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used as a disinfectant for almost all kinds of bacteria.

*Excellent stability:
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is still kept active after being heated at 280℃ for 15 min.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is non-corrosive to metals.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is non-corrosive to copper, stainless steel, carbon steel, and other metals.



STERILIZATION MECHANISM OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
1. The guanidine group in PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% performs a high activity and the polymer itself is cationic.
Since bacteria and viruses are usually anionic, they are easy to be absorbed by PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% and could not divide and reproduce, and finally turn inactive.

2. PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% collapses the cell membrane structure and forms transmembrane stomata.
Ultimately, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% causes cell membrane rupture, disrupts the energy metabolism of the organism, and disables bacteria and viruses.

3. PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% forms a film that closes off the breathing passages of microorganisms, causing them to suffocate and die.
The sterilization mechanism is independent of the form and type of microorganisms.

Even if the microorganisms mutate, the mutation will not affect their efficacy.
Microorganisms do not produce resistance to PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%.



STORAGE OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% should be sealed and shaded to be stored in a dry, cool, well ventilated place.



PERFORMANCE FEATURES OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is recognized as the safest and the most efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial agent in the 21st century.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is colorless and tasteless, low bacterial inhibition concentration, broad spectrum, low toxicity.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can form a layer of cations on the surface of article, which can inhibit bacteria for a long time.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% also has no bacteria drug resistance.



SYNTHESIS OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20% ANTIMICROBIAL:
*Adopt the melt polycondensation method.
Put the appropriate amount of guanidine hydrochloride and 1, 6-hexane-diamine in the polymerization kettle, stir, and raise the temperature.
After the reactants are completely melted, continue to raise the temperature, constant temperature reaction for about 2h.

And then raise the temperature to a predetermined temperature for the reaction.
After the reaction is finished, stop stirring, and pass nitrogen gas into the kettle.
Open the discharge port at the same time.

Let the product flow into the pre-prepared container.
Let PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% cool down and solidify, then crush it for use.
By following the above procedure, theoretically, a bulk polymer can be produced.

But in practice, due to the difference in the reactivity of the functional groups, will produce an insoluble cross-linked structure, cross-linked polymers are insoluble, and not conducive to melt processing, but as long as the appropriate reaction conditions can be controlled to obtain linear high molecular weight products.



SPECIAL APPLICATIONS OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
1. Paper making industry:
In the process of papermaking and cardboard production, because PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is cationic polymer electrolyte, it can be used as an auxiliary agent to accelerate pulp dehydration and mineral filler precipitation, so as to strengthen and improve papermaking process.

In addition, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can also stabilize the dispersion of paraffin and increase the size stability of paper.
The hydrophobicity of paper and hardboard paper increases by 40-50%.

The activity also reduces some problems related to the accumulation of pulp in papermaking machinery, and PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can produce antibacterial paper for manufacturing health products (to replace the silver containing kursin paper).
At the same time, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% also improves the physical properties of the paper: water absorption, strength after water, air permeability.


2. Agricultural application:
As PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% has the function of disease resistance and protection to plants, can effectively kill harmful bacteria, and is harmless to ecology, it is an environmental protection product, which makes the product completely applicable to all growth stages of various agricultural products: Treat seeds, bulbs or tubular seeds with 0.1-1% aqueous solution of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%.

When the symptoms of vegetable diseases appear, spray with 0.01-0.1% PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% aqueous solution of the product (if necessary, add appropriate polyelectrolyte, such as polyacrylic acid).

In order to reduce the loss of storage in winter, 0.2% PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% aqueous solution of this product can be used to wash or spray vegetables and fruits.
In addition, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can overcome the damage of excessive herbicides to plants and prevent infection in the soil.

As a pesticide, the efficacy of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is ten times higher than that of Benazolin, chlorothalonil and sodium disulfonate.
Therefore, to achieve the same effect, the use amount of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% 20% liquid is 10-30 times less.
Moreover, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is safe, non-toxic and non irritating, especially harmless to people and animals.


3. Oil exploitation:
In oil exploitation, a large number of bacteria, such as sulfate reducing bacteria, not only engulf the oil, but also degrade the polymer used (ordinary polymer with low molecular weight), reducing the efficiency of polymer flooding and increasing the cost.



BACTERICIDAL MECHANISM OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
Bacteria quickly suffocate to death after using PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%.
At the same time, because this product is a polymer structure, which can improve the effective activity of guanidine group, the bactericidal effect of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is much higher than other guanidine compounds (such as chlorhexidine).
Due to the special bactericidal mechanism of this product, all kinds of bacteria will not be resistant to PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%, which has been confirmed by the experiments of foreign authoritative testing institutions.



FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
1. Long-acting nature:
After the solution of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is dried, a polymer thin layer of disinfectant is formed on the surface of the object, which can keep the state of the object after sterilization and prevent the secondary pollution of the object.
Generally, the surfaces treated with aqueous solution of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% will remain sterile for up to three months.


2. Innocuity
As PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a high polymer, it is not easy to be absorbed by animal tissues, greatly reducing the toxicity, so that it has no effect on cells of higher organisms.
In addition, the experiment proves that PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be naturally degraded and will not cause pollution to the environment.
The conclusion is that "2% of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% belongs to the actual non-toxic grade".


3. No irritation to skin:
The experimental study of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% on skin was carried out with rabbits.
Conclusion: 2% of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% has no skin irritation when the skin irritation response integral value is 0. (judgment standard: the lower the integral value, the lower the stimulation.)



PERFORMANCE FEATURES OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is recognized as the safest and the most efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial agent in the 21st century.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is colorless and tasteless, low bacterial inhibition concentration, broad spectrum, low toxicity.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can form a layer of cations on the surface of article, which can inhibit bacteria for a long time.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% also has no bacteria drug resistance.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Molecular Formula: (C8H18N5Cl)n n=12-16
Appearance: White powder, colorless translucent crystals, colorless liquid
Purity: 95%, 98%, ≥98%, 20%, 25%, 50%
Density (20℃): 1.039~1.046g/cm3
pH value (20℃): 4.0~6.0
Absorbance (237nm): ≥400
Absorbance (237nm/222nm): 1.2~1.6
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)
CAS 32289-58-0
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80 max.
Total metal (ppm): 100 max.
Odor: No odor

Boiling point (°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3): 1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): Very good
HS Code: 29121900
Color of Liquid: Clear to Slight Haze
Water Solubility: Miscible
Application: Biocides, Water Treatment, Disinfectant
Appearance: Colorless or light-yellow solid
Active ingredient: ≥99%
Water soluble: 100% soluble
Odor: Light ammonia smell
Moisture content: ≤0.5%

Water insoluble matter: ≤0.1%
PH in 1% aqueous solution: >4
Ash: 0.05%
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)
CAS: 32289-58-0 Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Appearance: slightly yellow to colorless & clear
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80max.
Total metal (ppm): 100max
Ordor: no ordor. PH (20% water): 3.0-5.5
Boling point(°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3):1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): very good
Appearance: Colorless or pale-yellow transparent liquid

Boiling point(℃): 102
Content (%): 19.0-21.0
Relative density(g/ml,25℃): 1.04
pH: 4.0-6.0
Name: Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride; PHMB
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Formula: (C8H17N5)n•xHCl
Molecular Weight: ≥1,600～2,600
CAS: 32289-58-0 Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Appearance: slightly yellow to colorless & clear
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80max.
Total metal (ppm): 100max
Ordor: no ordor. PH (20% water): 3.0-5.5
Boling point(°C): 102-103

Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3):1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): very good
Appearance: Colorless or pale-yellow transparent liquid
Boiling point(℃): 102
Content (%): 19.0-21.0
Relative density(g/ml,25℃): 1.04
pH: 4.0-6.0
Name: Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride; PHMB
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Formula: (C8H17N5)n•xHCl
Molecular Weight: ≥1,600～2,600
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Molecular Formula: (C8H18N5Cl)n n=12-16
Appearance: White powder, colorless translucent crystals, colorless liquid

Purity: 95%, 98%, ≥98%, 20%, 25%, 50%
Density (20℃): 1.039~1.046g/cm3
pH value (20℃): 4.0~6.0
Absorbance (237nm): ≥400
Absorbance (237nm/222nm): 1.2~1.6
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)
CAS 32289-58-0
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80 max.
Total metal (ppm): 100 max.
Odor: No odor
Boiling point (°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3): 1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): Very good
HS Code: 29121900
Color of Liquid: Clear to Slight Haze

Water Solubility: Miscible
Application: Biocides, Water Treatment, Disinfectant
Appearance: Colorless or light-yellow solid
Active ingredient: ≥99%
Water soluble: 100% soluble
Odor: Light ammonia smell
Moisture content: ≤0.5%
Water insoluble matter: ≤0.1%
PH in 1% aqueous solution: >4
Ash: 0.05%
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)
Purity: 20%
Chemical Formula: Polyhexamethylene biguanide
CAS Number: PHMB
EC Number: PHMB 20%
Purity (%): 99%

Physical State: Liquid
Molecular Weight: Biguanide 20%
Grade: Commercial
Chemical Name: Poly Hexamethylene Biguanide
Physical State/Form: Liquid
Usage/Application: Ability to kill bacteria, fungi, algae, and yeast.
Form: Liquid
Shelf Life: 1 year
Appearance/Color: Water white to light yellow
CAS No: 32289-58-0
Storage Condition: PHMB polyhexamethylene biguanide should be stored in a dry,
cool, and sealed place, avoid light.
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Formula: (C8H17N5)N.XHCl
EINECS: 1308068-626-2
Type: Disinfection Raw Material
Appearance: Liquid



FIRST AID MEASURES of PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
-Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media.
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

Phosflex T-BEP is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid.
Phosflex T-BEP is an organic phosphate ester.
Phosflex T-BEP has a mild, sweet odor.

CAS Number: 26952-13-6
EC Number: 248-084-4



APPLICATIONS


Phosflex T-BEP is primarily used as a plasticizer in the manufacturing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products.
Phosflex T-BEP is also used as a solvent and additive in coatings, adhesives, and inks.

Here are some more detailed applications of Phosflex T-BEP:

As a plasticizer, Phosflex T-BEP enhances the flexibility and durability of PVC products such as cables, flooring, and roofing.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the formulation of paints and coatings as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients.
In inks, Phosflex T-BEP can act as a viscosity modifier, helping to improve the flow and spread of ink on paper or other surfaces.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as an additive in adhesives to improve their bonding strength and flexibility.
In leather and textiles, Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a softener and lubricant.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a solvent in the manufacture of specialty chemicals such as surfactants and pharmaceuticals.
Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a plasticizer in the production of synthetic rubber and thermoplastic elastomers.

Phosflex T-BEP can be added to polyurethane foam formulations to increase the foam's flexibility and durability.
Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant plasticizer in the production of electrical wire and cable insulation.
Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a coalescing agent in the formulation of latex paints.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of automotive interior materials such as dashboard covers and door panels.
In the printing industry, Phosflex T-BEP is used as a solvent and viscosity modifier in printing inks and varnishes.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of artificial leather and synthetic fibers.
Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a plasticizer in the production of flexible PVC films and sheets.

Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a solvent in the manufacture of flavors and fragrances.
In the construction industry, it is used in the production of sealants and caulks.

Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a plasticizer in the production of vinyl foams and sponge rubber products.
Phosflex T-BEP is used as a lubricant and release agent in the manufacture of rubber products.

Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a solvent and additive in the formulation of wood coatings and finishes.
In the production of PVC pipes, Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a plasticizer to improve their flexibility and durability.

Phosflex T-BEP is widely used as a flame retardant in polyurethane foams and thermoplastics.
Phosflex T-BEP is particularly effective in flexible polyurethane foam applications due to its low viscosity and high reactivity.
Phosflex T-BEP is also used in the production of automotive parts and components due to its excellent thermal stability and flame retardancy.

Phosflex T-BEP is commonly employed in the manufacturing of electrical and electronic components, such as connectors, switches, and relays, to improve their flame retardancy and electrical insulation properties.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of textiles, particularly in the manufacturing of flame retardant curtains, upholstery, and bedding materials.

Phosflex T-BEP is widely used as a flame retardant in coatings and adhesives, particularly those used in the construction and building industry.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of plastic films and sheets to improve their flame retardancy and thermal stability properties.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of foam insulation for buildings and refrigeration systems due to its excellent thermal stability and fire resistance.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant in various industrial applications, such as wire and cable coatings, electrical insulation materials, and automotive interiors.
Phosflex T-BEP is often used as a flame retardant in molded products, such as furniture and other household items, to improve their fire resistance properties.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant in the production of polystyrene foam products, such as packaging materials and insulation panels.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of high-temperature plastics and resins, such as polyphenylene oxide, to improve their flame retardancy and thermal stability properties.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the manufacturing of roofing materials, such as shingles and tiles, to improve their fire resistance properties.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of laminates and composites to improve their flame retardancy and thermal stability properties.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of automotive parts and components, such as dashboard covers and door panels, to improve their flame retardancy and thermal stability properties.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of printed circuit boards to improve their flame retardancy and electrical insulation properties.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the manufacturing of medical devices and equipment to improve their flame retardancy and biocompatibility properties.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of insulation materials for pipes and ducts to improve their thermal stability and fire resistance properties.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the manufacturing of synthetic leather and textiles to improve their flame retardancy and durability properties.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of rubber products, such as conveyor belts and hoses, to improve their fire resistance properties.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of packaging materials, such as plastic bottles and containers, to improve their flame retardancy and thermal stability properties.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of flooring materials, such as vinyl tiles and carpets, to improve their fire resistance properties.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the manufacturing of foam padding and cushions to improve their flame retardancy and durability properties.
The chemical is used in the production of composite materials for aerospace and military applications to improve their fire resistance properties.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant plasticizer in PVC products.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of flexible foam products for the furniture and automotive industries.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a processing aid for PVC products, improving their durability and stability.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of wire and cable insulation to provide flame retardancy and flexibility.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a plasticizer in building materials, such as roofing membranes and flooring.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of medical devices and tubing that require flame retardancy and flexibility.
Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant in polyurethane foam products.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of adhesives and sealants to improve their fire resistance and flexibility.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of automotive parts, such as dashboards and door panels.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of packaging materials, such as shrink wrap and stretch film.
Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant plasticizer in synthetic leather products.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of gaskets, O-rings, and other rubber products that require flame retardancy and flexibility.
Phosflex T-BEP is used as a processing aid for polystyrene products, improving their toughness and flexibility.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of films and sheets for the agricultural industry, providing fire resistance and flexibility.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant in polyester resins for the composites industry.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of textile coatings and finishes that require flame retardancy and flexibility.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a plasticizer in ink and coating formulations to improve their fire resistance and flexibility.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of synthetic fibers and yarns that require flame retardancy and flexibility.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant in thermoplastic elastomers for the automotive and wire and cable industries.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of rubber hoses and tubing that require flame retardancy and flexibility.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a processing aid for polyethylene products, improving their flexibility and impact resistance.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of artificial turf and other outdoor products that require flame retardancy and flexibility.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant in rigid polyurethane foam insulation products.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of toys and children's products that require flame retardancy and flexibility.
Phosflex T-BEP is used as a plasticizer in coatings and paints for the construction industry, providing fire resistance and flexibility.



DESCRIPTION


Phosflex T-BEP is a chemical compound that is also known as triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate).
Phosflex T-BEP is an ester of 2-ethylhexanoic acid and triethylene glycol.

Phosflex T-BEP is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid.
Phosflex T-BEP is an organic phosphate ester.

Phosflex T-BEP has a mild, sweet odor.
Phosflex T-BEP is soluble in water and miscible with most organic solvents.

The chemical formula of Phosflex T-BEP is C10H16O4P.
Phosflex T-BEP is a high-boiling liquid with a boiling point of 286°C (547°F).

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant and plasticizer in a variety of applications.
Phosflex T-BEP has a density of 1.16 g/cm³ at 20°C.
Phosflex T-BEP is also known as Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate.

Phosflex T-BEP is non-corrosive to metal and non-staining to fabrics.
Phosflex T-BEP has a flash point of 164°C (327°F) and a viscosity of 52 cP at 20°C.

Phosflex T-BEP is primarily used in the production of flexible polyurethane foam, PVC and other polymers.
Phosflex T-BEP is compatible with other plasticizers and flame retardants.

Phosflex T-BEP is a good alternative to triaryl phosphate esters (TCEP and TCP) and halogenated flame retardants.
Phosflex T-BEP is stable under normal conditions of use and storage.

Phosflex T-BEP is a low-toxicity and low-flammability compound.
Phosflex T-BEP is a registered trademark of ICL Industrial Products.

The purity of Phosflex T-BEP is typically above 99%.
Phosflex T-BEP has a molecular weight of 238.2 g/mol.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of automotive interior materials, wire and cable insulation and coatings.

Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a processing aid for thermoplastics, especially for PVC and polyurethane foam.
Phosflex T-BEP has good thermal stability and low volatility.

Phosflex T-BEP is classified as a category 3 eye irritant and a category 4 skin irritant.
The recommended storage temperature for Phosflex T-BEP is between 5°C and 30°C (41°F and 86°F).
Phosflex T-BEP is considered a non-hazardous substance according to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals.



PROPERTIES


Chemical formula: C21H30O4P
Molecular weight: 382.44 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, pale yellow liquid
Density: 1.07 g/mL at 25 °C
Boiling point: 323 °C (613 °F; 596 K)
Flash point: 165 °C (329 °F; 438 K)
Solubility in water: Insoluble
Solubility in organic solvents: Soluble in most organic solvents
Vapor pressure: 1 mmHg at 130 °C
Refractive index: 1.489 - 1.493 at 20 °C
Viscosity: 13.4 mPa·s at 25 °C
pH: 5.5 - 6.5
Autoignition temperature: 350 °C (662 °F; 623 K)
Heat of combustion: -3,485 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 58.4 kJ/mol
Heat of formation: -694.6 kJ/mol
Octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow): 4.07
Acidity (pKa): 7.31
Basicity (pKb): 6.68
Vapor density: 13.17 (air = 1)
Explosive limits: 0.8 - 6.3%
Oxidizing properties: Not oxidizing
Corrosivity: Non-corrosive
Stability: Stable under normal conditions
Hazardous polymerization: Will not occur



FIRST AID


Remove any contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap.

Seek medical attention immediately if the chemical has come into contact with the eyes or if it has been ingested or inhaled.
In case of inhalation, move the person to a well-ventilated area and assist with breathing if necessary.

If the chemical is swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
If the chemical has come into contact with the skin, wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap for at least 15 minutes.
If the chemical has come into contact with the eyes, flush the affected eye with water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open.


Call the Poison Control Center or local emergency services for further instructions.
It is important to always follow the specific first aid measures listed on the SDS or product label for each chemical, as they can vary depending on the substance and the extent of the exposure.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling Phosflex T-BEP.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
Avoid inhaling the vapors or dust of Phosflex T-BEP.
Use only in well-ventilated areas.

Keep away from heat, sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition.
Use proper grounding procedures when transferring Phosflex T-BEP.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Phosflex T-BEP.


Storage:

Store Phosflex T-BEP in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep containers tightly closed and upright.
Store away from sources of heat, sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition.
Keep away from oxidizing agents and strong acids.

Store in a separate area away from food, beverages, and animal feed.
Keep out of reach of children and animals.
Follow all local, state, and federal regulations regarding storage of hazardous materials.



SYNONYMS


Bis(2-ethoxyethyl) p-toluenesulfonamide phosphate
Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate
Triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) phosphate
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzenesulfonate phosphate
TEP
Tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Triethyl phosphate
Ethyl phosphate triester
Ethyl orthophosphate
Phosphoric acid triethyl ester
TBP
Triphosphate
Phosphonic acid triethyl ester
Phosphorous acid triethyl ester
Ethyl triester of phosphoric acid
Triflex TEP
Tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate
Tris(2-ethoxyethyl) phosphate
Phosphoric acid, tri-(2-butoxyethyl) ester
Tri-2-ethylhexyl phosphate
O,O-bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate
O,O-bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphate
Tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Tri-n-octylphosphate
Bis(2-ethoxyphenyl)phenylphosphine oxide
Tris(2-ethoxyphenyl)phosphine oxide
Phosflex 31L
DEPHOS 810P
Hostaphat OEP
Ethyl-2-phenylphenylphosphinate
Phosflex PDP
Tri(2-ethoxyphenyl)phosphine oxide
Tetrakis(2-ethoxyphenyl)phosphonium chloride
Bis(2-ethoxyphenyl)phenylphosphinate
Phosflex TPP
Tris(2-ethoxyphenyl)phosphine
Ethyl diphenylphosphinate
Hostaphat OEP-LF
Phosflex PTBEP
Tris(2-ethoxyphenyl)phosphite
Ethylphenylphosphinylbis(2-ethoxybenzene)
Hostaphat KL 340 D
Triphenylphosphine oxide ethoxyphenyl derivative
Phosflex 71B
Phosflex TPP-LF
Tris(2-ethoxyphenyl)phosphonium chloride
Phosflex 41P
Tri(2-ethoxyphenyl)phosphite
Ethyl diphenylphosphonate.

The reactions of fatty alcohols or alkylphenols and their ethoxylates with phosphoric acid equivalents lead to alkyl and arylphosphates and the corresponding etherphosphates.
These substances, normally coexisting as mixtures of mono- and diesters, usually have surface active properties and therefore are anionic surfactants. After their manufacture they are strongly acidic substances, which can be neutralized by many types of bases. The thereby accessible products have good to excellent anticorrosion properties. Personal care formulators use phosphates because of their mildness and skin compatibility.

Phosphate esters are 100% active anionic surfactants which are produced as the free acid by either of two chemical routes.
Monoesters are produced by the reaction of either alcohols,alcohol ethoxylates or phenyl ethoxylates with polyphosphoric acid, whereas mixtures of mono and diesters are produced by reaction of the same feedstock with phosphorous pentoxide.

Phosphate esters are highly versatile surfactants offering a wide range of properties and applications.
The main advantages of phosphate esters over many other surfactants are their alkali stability and solubility.
They are excellent hydrotropes and are effective coupling agents which give outstanding wetting, emulsification and detergency.
As such they are used widely in emulsion polymerisation, textile auxiliaries, maintenance chemicals, metal finishing, and many other applications.

Phosphate esters have a unique range of properties which are exploited in the production of specialised chemical processing aids for industry.
Being stable in high concentrations of alkali they are especially useful in household and maintenance cleaning products, where high active heavy duty products are required.

Phosphate esters are anionic surfactants which are produced by phosphation of fatty alcohols and ethoxylated aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Compared to other anionic surfactants, phosphate esters offer specific advantages, including stability over a broad pH range, good solubility and corrosion inhibiting properties.
Phosphate esters are highly suitable for use as emulsifying agents, wetting agents, anti-stats, corrosion inhibitors and hydro tropes in cleaning formulations.

Several linear alcohol and linear alcohol ethoxylates were phosphated using P2O5 and the analytical results for monoester, diester and free phosphoric acid content were determined as were wetting speed and alkali tolerance.
Generally, the concentration of monoester and free Phosphoric acid increased and the diester concentration decreased as the amount of ethylene oxide in the hydrophobe increased

Phosphate estes are anionic surfactants which are produced by phosphation of fatty alcohols and ethoxylated aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Compared to other anionic surfactants, phosphate esters offer specific advantages, including stability over a broad pH range, good solubility and corrosion inhibiting properties.
Phosphate esters are highly suitable for use as emulsifying agents, wetting agents, anti-stats, corrosion inhibitors and hydro tropes in cleaning formulations. 

Butanol Phosphate (mono/Di-ester)
2-Ethylhexyl Phosphate (mono/Di-ester)
Lauryl alcohol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Tridecyl alcohol phosphate
Tridecyl alcohol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Cetyl Alcohol Phosphate
Oleyl alcohol Phosphate
Nonyl Phenol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Styrenated Phenol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Phenol (ethoxylated) phosphate
Other phosphates of fatty alcohols and ethoxylates

Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Esters, Styrenated Phenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Esters, Octylphenol Ethoxylates Phosphate Esters, Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Esters, Decyl Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Esters and Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Esters having applications in various industries like Textile, Oil & gas, Pharmaceuticals, automotive, personal care, paint, agrochemical and other industries.

Phosphating Reagent
Polyphosphoric acid and phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5) are generally the two different phosphating agents used commercially.
The selection of the phosphating reagent has an effect on the ratio of the components and on the functional properties of the finished product.
Phosphorous pentoxide and a variety of linear alcohols and ethoxylates of linear fatty alcohols were chosen to determine the effect of alkyl group and amount of ethylene oxide on the resulting mono/di ratio and the amount of free phosphoric acid, as well as the effect on functional properties such as wetting and alkali tolerance. 

We offer mono phosphate esters, di-esters and mixed esters.
All our phosphates are based on P2O5.
These proprietary, specialty surfactants can be used in both alkyd and water-based paints, colorant systemt and as stabilizers in emulsion polymerization of latex resins

alcohol ethoxylate phosphate ester
ETHOXYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL PHOSPHATE ESTER
ETHOXYLATED ISOTRIDECYL ALCOHOL PHOSPHATE ESTER
ETHOXYLATED LAURYL ALCOHOL PHOSPHATE ESTER

Agrilan 1028
C10 rich polyether phosphate
Isodecyl polyether phosphate
2-propyl heptyl polyether phosphate
C9-C11 polyether phosphate
Decyl polyether phosphate
C10 polyether phosphate
C10 polyether phosphate 

Phosphate-esters are well known multifunctional additives for metalworking fluids. They are emulsifiers for expandable oils, as well as anti-wear additives, corrosion and staining inhibitors

Phosphate esters are used in many textile applications because of the various surfactant properties they possess.
Of the desirable surface active properties, alkali stability and wetting properties are key.
This work relates the structure of a phosphate ester to these two properties.

Chemistry
Phosphate esters are part of a class of anionic surface active agents. The commercial products are complex mixtures of monoester, diester

Some of the useful properties of our PHOSPHATE ESTERS are:
■ Anionic character. Anionic surfactants are the preferred choice for use in textile auxiliaries.
■ 100% active. Economic for shipment, easily incorporated into powder blended products.
■ In some cases their emulsifying properties make them ideal for use in oil/water systems.
■ Phosphate esters can be neutralised by alkaline earth metals or amines, adding to their versatility.
■ Foaming properties of phosphate esters varies, from high to low.
■ The variety of wetting, foaming and surface tension reduction properties helps the formulator to develop the required product.
■ Very good hydrotroping properties which enable high active products to be produced without the use of additional auxiliary hydrotropes.
■ Stability in alkali and builders enabling heavy duty cleaners to be formulated.
■ Lubricating properties that enable phosphate esters to be used in metal working fluids and water based lubricants.
■ Excellent free rinsing properties leading to smear free surfaces.
■ Corrosion inhibition and prevention as well as load carrying properties make phosphate esters ideal for use in metalworking.
■ In general low orders of toxicity and relatively low orders of irritation for the potassium salts.
■ Some phosphate esters exhibit solvent solubility

Hard Surface Cleaners
Due to their alkali tolerance, phosphate esters have specific uses in heavy duty alkaline cleaners.
As well as having excellent detergent properties, phosphate esters also possess hydrotroping properties which assist in the formulation of high active alkaline cleaners, oven cleaners and floor cleaners/strippers.

Laundry Detergents
Phosphate esters can be used in spray dried, powder blended and liquid laundry detergents as low foaming detergent/hydrotropes.
High active detergents with outstanding cleaning properties can be prepared by combining with salt free amphoteric surfactants.
In liquid products, extra alkali is required to neutralise phosphate esters.

Textiles and Leather
Phosphate esters are the preferred surfactant type for textile and leather processing because of their anionic, wetting, low foaming, alkali tolerance and building/hydrotropic properties.
Phosphate esters are widely used as wetting agents with low foaming properties.
The amine salts of phosphate esters are used as emulsifiers in solvent scouring systems.
Phosphate esters is used as a levelling agent in the direct dying of cotton.
Phosphate esters is used in jet dying machines to pre-scour and remove lubricant from knitted polyester.
Phosphate esters is used as a component in leather processing chemicals.

Traffic Film Removal
Small quantities of Phosphate esters combined with Ataman amphoterics improve free rinsing properties of traffic film remover.
This is particularly important in hard water areas.

Dish and Glass Rinsing
Phosphate esters are widely used in combination with EO/PO copolymers in the manufacture of rinse aids for automated dish and glass washing systems.
The pH of the rinse aid is made sufficiently acidic with citric or phosphoric acid to neutralise any residual alkali from the cleaning cycle.
As many biodegradable EO/PO copolymers have low cloud points and poor solubility, a low foaming hydrotroping phosphate ester such as PPE604K can be used to raise the cloud point to 50°C.

Agrochemical Additives
Many agricultural adjuncts such as herbicides are required in water solution for application to foliage.
Phosphate esters are ideal for emulsification/solubilisation of additives into water together with good wetting to ensure optimum spreading onto a leaf’s surface.

Paper De-inking
Phosphate esters are widely used in the de-inking of paper.
As the paper being treated varies, the broad range of foaming properties of Ataman phosphate esters, together with their excellent wetting and emulsification properties, make them ideally suited for this application.

Oilfield Chemicals
Phosphate esters possess outstanding load carrying and corrosion inhibition properties which makes them ideal for oil drilling and transport applications.
Phosphate esters are often used as amine/amido-amine salts to enhance their corrosion inhibition properties. 

Cutting and Grinding Fluids
The amine salts of phosphate esters have been found to have excellent anti-wear properties due to their lubricity and anti-corrosive properties.
These twin properties mean low foaming phosphate esters can be used in water-based cutting and grinding fluids. 

Acid Cleaning
Compared to neutral detergents acid based cleansers have greatly enhanced dirt removing properties.
Phosphoric acid is the preferred acid for metal cleaning as it is less reactive than other mineral acids. 

Additional

Phosphate ester based acid cleansers are particularly useful for aluminium, stainless steel, and are ideal for cleaning trains and trams where the removal of iron oxide, combined with oil, grease and diesel smut is beyond the capability of neutral cleaners.
Light duty cleaners,which can be perfumed, are used to clean kitchens, bathrooms and toilets containing metal fittings and ceramics, where lime scale produces unsightly scale. 

Emulsion Polymerisation
A wide range of ethoxylates can be phosphated giving the formulator greater flexibility to produce polymers with the desired characteristics.
Further, by varying the mono to di-ester ratio the HLB value can be tuned to give optimum performance.

Miscellaneous
Due to the outstanding properties of phosphate esters, they are used in numerous specialised applications.
These include fountain solutions used in lithographic printing, fuel oil/explosive emulsions used in quarrying and open cast mining.
Other specialised applications are in dry cleaning“soaps”, spin finishes (as an antistatic agent) and processing aids for improving the flow properties of powders.

For Emulsion Polymerization and Waterborne Architectural Coatings

In emulsion polymerization, KOD 238 is an effective emulsifier that provides efficient particle size control, low coagulum and improved handling and storage stability.

KOD 238 is effective in the production of all common latex types including, vinyl, vinyl acrylic, vinyl acetate ethylene (VAE), acrylic and styrene acrylic.
KOD 238 surfactant can also improve gloss and enhance pigment dispersion and color acceptance in waterborne latex paints. 

KOD 238 does not contain any alkyl phenol ethoxylates (APEOs).

Product Benefits
• Low coagulum in finished latex
● Increases gloss in paint
• Improves stability of finished latex
● excellent wetting and dispersion of pigments
• Low water sensitivity
● Improved substrate wetting
• Enhances color properties
● Inhibition of flash & nail head rusting
• Reduced color float 

Recommended Use Levels
• In emulsion polymerization, Dextrol™ OC-4025 surfactant is typically used at 5-10% by weight on total monomers.
• In flat, semi gloss, and gloss paints, 6-12 pounds of KOD 238 surfactant per 100 gallons of finished paint are recommended.

Chemical Inventories
All components of KOD 238 surfactant are listed on the TSCA chemical inventory (USA).
APEO Content
KOD 238 surfactant does not contain any alkyl phenol ethoxylates (APEOs)

Effect of Ethoxylation on Alkali Tolerance
The greater the degree of ethoxylation,
the more alkali tolerance was obtained. Few materials exhibited good alkali tolerance with less than six moles of ethylene oxide.
It also appeared that as one attempts to increase the wetting speed, alkali tolerance decreased.
Decyl alcohol phosphate containing six moles of ethylene oxide appeared to be a good compromise for both properties.

KOD 238 is an ethoxylated phosphate ester used in a variety of agricultural applications.

KOD 238 is an optimized phosphate ester for use as dispersant and compatibilizer in high electrolyte systems.

KOD 238 dispersant is an optimized phosphate ester for high electrolyte systems. 

KOD 238 facilitates the compatibility of pesticides in fertilizer solutions and in multi-active tank mixes.

KOD 238 allows the dilution of pesticide SCs into fertilizers and aids the mixing of multiple actives in tank mix formulations preventing flocculation and sedimentation.

KOD 238 has an optimized structure, which allows formulators to meet the window of good compatibility.
Similar phosphate esters were formulated with bifenthrin and evaluated for compatibility with 10-34-0 fertilizer.

Imidacloprid SC
Imidacloprid 21.4%
KOD 238 8%
Propylene glycol 5%
Kaolin clay 5%
Defoamer 0.3%
Xanthan gum 0.2%
Water up to 100%

Bifenthrin SC
Bifenthrin (94.6%) 17.5%
KOD 238 8%
Propylene glycol 5%
Defoamer 0.3%
Xanthan gum 0.05%
Water up to 100%

Bifenthrin Fertilizer SC
Bifenthrin (94.6%) 33%
KOD 238 2.5%
10-34-0 fertilizer 55%
Water 9.5%

EC / List no.: 615-892-2
CAS no.: 73038-25-2

Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(1) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(2) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(3) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(4) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(5) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(6) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(7) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(8) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(9) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(10) Phosphate Ester

CAS Number: 73038-25-2
2-(11-methyldodecoxy)ethanol;phosphoric acid
Alcohol ethoxylate phosphate ester
Isotridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated, phosphated
isotridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated, phosphated
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-isotridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, phosphate
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-isotridecyl-w-hydroxy-, phosphate, ethoxylated (73038-25-2)
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isotridecyl-omega-hydroxy-, phosphate
poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isotridecyl-omega-hydroxy-,phosphates

Other names
POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-ISOTRIDECYL-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY-, PHOSPHATE

The following recipes guide provides you with stable formulations that can be diluted into fertilizes such as NPK 10-34-0, 30% AMS or Thiosulphate fertilizer.
Above recipes are meant for guideline purpose only. It might be necessary to add additional propylene glycol, biocides, defoamers etc

OUR PORTFOLIO
Butanol Phosphate (Mono/Di-ester)
Nonyl Phenol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
2-Ethylhexyl Phosphate (Mono/Di-ester)
Styrenated Phenol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
2-Ethylhexyl Ethoxylated Phosphate (Mono/Diester)
Phenol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Lauryl Alcohol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Allyl Alcohol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Tridecyl Alcohol Phosphate
Hydroxyethyl Methycrylate Phosphate
Tridecyl Alcohol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Methacrylic Acid (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Cetyl Alcohol Phosphate
Methacrylic Acid (propoxylated) Phosphate)
Oleyl Alcohol Phosphate
Phosphate esters of other fatty alcohols or alkoxylates

PRODUCTS ATAMAN CHEMICALS OFFER : 

Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Ethoxylate (4 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (6 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (7 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Ethoxylate (8 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (9 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (10 moles)

Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (2 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (3 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (4 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (5 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (6 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (7 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (8 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (9 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (10 moles)

Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(1) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(2) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(3) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(4) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(5) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(6) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(7) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(8) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(9) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(10) Phosphate Ester

Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (2 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (3 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (4 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (5 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (6 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (7 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (8 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (9 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (10 moles)

Laureth-2 Phosphate
Laureth-3 Phosphate
Laureth-4 Phosphate
Laureth-5 Phosphate
Laureth-6 Phosphate
Laureth-7 Phosphate
Laureth-8 Phosphate
Laureth-9 Phosphate
Laureth-10 Phosphate

Trideceth-2 Phosphate
Trideceth-3 Phosphate
Trideceth-4 Phosphate
Trideceth-5 Phosphate
Trideceth-6 Phosphate
Trideceth-7 Phosphate
Trideceth-8 Phosphate
Trideceth-9 Phosphate
Trideceth-10 Phosphate

Isotrideceth-2 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-3 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-4 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-5 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-6 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-7 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-8 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-9 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-10 Phosphate

Phosphate estes are anionic surfactants which are produced by phosphation of fatty alcohols and ethoxylated aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Compared to other anionic surfactants, phosphate esters offer specific advantages, including stability over a broad pH range, good solubility and corrosion inhibiting properties.
Phosphate esters are highly suitable for use as emulsifying agents, wetting agents, anti-stats, corrosion

APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATE ESTERS
Pigment dispersing agent for paint colouring.
Detergent, foamer, emulsifier for detergent concentrates and cleaners.
Fabric Care, Home Care.
Water soluble emulsifier used in industrial cleaners and dry cleaning.
Anti-wear and extreme pressure additive for water based metal working fluids.
Multifunctional additive for oil and water based lubricants providing emulsification.
Anti-wear, extreme pressure and corrosion inhibition.

NONYL PHENOL ETHOXYLATE PHOSPHATE ESTERS
STYRENATED PHENOL ETHOXYLATE PHOSPHATE ESTERS
OCTYL PHENOL ETHOXYLATES PHOSPHATE ESTERS
TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATE PHOSPHATE ESTERS
DECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATE PHOSPHATE ESTERS
LAURYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATE PHOSPHATE ESTERS

Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated phosphate ester. It is an effective emulsifier in emulsion polymerization and provides the finished latex with low coagulum and improved handling and storage stability.

Phosphate ester based on tridecyl alcohol: This anionic surfactant functions as an emulsifier, wetting agent, corrosion inhibitor and antistatic to a wide range of industrial applications.

Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether phosphate
39464-66-9
Laureth-4 phosphate
2-dodecoxyethanol;phosphoric acid
Briphos L 2D
Phosten HLP 1
Laureth-7 phosphate
Laureth-8 phosphate
Ethfac 142W
Tryfac 325A
Tryfac 525A
Fosterge A 2523
Agent RD-510
Gafac RD 510
Steinaphat EAK 8190
PEG-4 Lauryl ether phosphate
PEG-7 Lauryl ether phosphate
PEG-8 Lauryl ether phosphate
Polyethylene glycol (7) lauryl ether phosphate
PE 122
Dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated, phosphated
Polyoxyethylene (4) laury ether phosphate
Polyoxyethylene (7) lauryl ether phosphate
Polyoxyethylene (8) lauryl ether phosphate
Lauryl alcohol, phosphated, polyglycol ether
UNII-0GI2K4BEJW
0GI2K4BEJW
Polyethylene glycol 200 lauryl ether phosphate
Polyethylene glycol 400 lauryl ether phosphate
UNII-0N8G76HI1O
UNII-3VRF108Z7J
UNII-A00GK0A6H7
Phosphoric acid, ester with lauryl polyglycol ether
UNII-Q5M30735TS
0N8G76HI1O
3VRF108Z7J
A00GK0A6H7
SCHEMBL3650059
UNII-29FEQ28419
DTXSID60928019
alpha-Dodecyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) phosphate
Q5M30735TS
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-dodecyl-omega-hydroxy-, phosphate
29FEQ28419
Phosphoric acid, mixed ester with laurylpolyglycol ether and polyethylene glycol
Phosphoric acid--2-(dodecyloxy)ethan-1-ol (1/1)
Laureth-4 Phosphate, Lauryl Alcohol POE(4) Phosphate

OTHER PRODUCTS YOU MIGHT BE INTERESTED IN:

Alcohol Alkoyxylate
Alcohol Ether Sulfate
Alcohol Ethoxylate
Alcohol Phosphate
Alkoxylated Isopropanolamide
Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid, Linear
Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chlorides
Alkyl Ether Phosphate
Alkyl Phenol Ether Sulphate
Amine Neutralized Phosphate Ester
Amino Tri (Methylene Phosphonic acid) 50%
Amino Tri-Methylene Phosphonic Acid (ATMP)
Ammonium Alkyl Ether Sulfate
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate
Ammonium Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Sulfate
Ammonium Xylene Sulfonate
Anionic Blend
Benzalkonium Chloride
Blended Betaine
Blended Cationic
Butyl Based Block Copolymer
Calcium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate, Branched
Calcium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate, Linear
Canola

Canola Oil, Methyl Ester

Capramidopropyl Betaine

Capric Triglyceride

Caprylic Triglyceride

Castor Oil Ethoxylate
Catalyst Blend
Cetamine Oxide
Citric Acid
Cocamide DEA
Cocamide MEA
Cocamidopropyl Betaine
Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine
Cocamine Ethoxylate
Cocamine Oxide
Coco Methyl Ester
Cocoamidopropylamine Oxide
Decaglycerol Caprylate
Decaglycerol Hexaoleate
Decyl Alcohol Ethoxylate
Decylamine Oxide
Dialkyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride
Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride
Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate
Disodium Cocoamphodipropionate
Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate
Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid, Branched
Dyes & Color
Erythritol Distearate
Ethoxylated Polyaryl Phenol Sulfate, Ammonium Salt
Fatty Acid Ethoxylated
Fatty Diethanolamide, Modified
Glycerol Monocaprylate
Glycerol Monooleate
Glycerol Monostearate
Glyceryl Caprylate
HEDP (1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1, 1-Diphosphonic Acid)
Hexahydro 1,3,5-Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl)-S-Triazine
Hydrogenated Palm Stearin
Hydrogenated Tallow
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil
Isopropanolamine Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate, Branched
Isopropylamine Alkylbenzene Sulfonate
Isopropylamine Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate
Lauramide DEA
Lauramide MEA
Lauramidopropylamine Oxide
Lauramine Oxide
Lauric Acid Methyl Ester
Lauryl / Myristylamidopropyl Dimethylamine Oxide
Lauryl Alcohol Alkoxylate
Lauryl Lactyl Lactate
Laurylamidopropyl Betaine
Lignosulfonate Blend
Linear Alcohol Ethoxylate
Lithium Decyl Sulfate
Low Acid Alcohol Phosphate
Low Acid Complex Alcohol Phosphate
MEA Lauryl Sulfate
Methyl Caprylate
Methyl Laurate
Methyl Linoleate
Methyl Myristate Blend
Methyl Oleate
Methyl Palmitate
Methyl Soyate
Myristalkonium Chloride (AND) Quaternium 14
Myristamine Oxide
Myristylamine Oxide
N,N-Dimethyloctamide (N,N Dimethylcaprylamide) AND N,N-Dimethylcanamide (N,N-Dimethylcapramide)
Nonionic Surfactant Blend
Nonionic Blend
Nonyl Phenol EO/PO Copolymer
Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester
Nonylphenol Ethoxylate
Octyl Decyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chlorides
Octyl Phenol Ethoxylate
Olealkonium Chloride
Oleamide DEA
PEG 80 Sorbitan Laurate
PEG-6 Cocamide
Pentaerythrityl Tetracaprylate
Quaternary Blend
Sodium 2-Ethyl Hexyl Sulfate
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate
Sodium Alkyl Ether Sulfate
Sodium Alkyl Sulfate
Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate
Sodium Caprylyl Sulfonate
Sodium Cocoamphoacetate
Sodium Coco-Sulfate
Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Sodium Decyl Sulfate
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate
Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP)
Sodium Laureth Sulfate
Sodium Laurimidodipropionate
Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate
Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate
Sodium Metabisulfite
Sodium Metabisulphite
Sodium Methyl 2-Sulfolaurate
Sodium Naphtalene Sulphonate
Sodium Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Sulfate
Sodium Octane Sulfonate
Sodium Octyl Sulfate
Sodium Octylphenol Ethoxylate Sulfate
Sodium Potassium Sulfonate
Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate
Sodium Sulphite
Sodium Thiosulphate
Sodium Toluene Sulfonate
Sodium Trideceth Sulfate
Sodium Tridecyl Ether Sulfate
Sodium Xylene Sulfonate
Sorbitol Monooleate Ethoxylate
Sorbitol Trioleate Ethoxylate
Soy-Amidoamine Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride
Soybean Methyl Ester
Soybean Oil, Methyl Ester
Stearalkonium Chloride
Stearamidopropalkonium Chloride
Stearamine Oxide
Steric Trimethyl Quarternary
Tallow Amine Ethoxylate
Tallow Amine Ethoxylate Salts
TEA Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate
TEA Lauryl Sulfate
Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate
Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester
Triethanolamine Phosphate Ester
Triethylene Glycol Di Caprylic
Triglycerol Esters of Mixed Fatty Acids
Triglycerol Monooleate
Trimethylolpropane Tricaprylate
Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate
Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester Potassium Salt
Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester TEA Salt
Tristyrylphenol Polyalkylene Oxide Block Copolymer

OTHER PRODUCTS OF ATAMAN CHEMICALS :

12 Hydroxy stearic acid
2 Ethyl hexanoic acid
2 Ethyl hexanol
2 Ethyl hexanol phosphate ester
2 ethylhexyl acrylate monomer
2 Ethyl hexyl sulfate/EHS
2 Octyl Dodecanol
ABS Acid
ABSNa
Ac 629 / Poliethylene wax
Acetic Acid %100
Acetic Acid %80
Acetone
Acid Buffer
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Acticid SPX
Active Carbon
Acumer 1100
Acumer 2000
Acumer 3100
Acumer 5000
Adipic Acid
Aerosil 200
Agrogen
CT Agrogen 10
Agrogen 42
Agrogen 59
Agrogen 85
Agrogen 885
Agrogen ABS 65 C4
Agrogen BL 1050
Agrogen BL 1254
Agrogen BL 1256
Agrogen BL 1281
Agrogen BL 1594
Agrogen BL 1787
Agrogen BN
Agrogen BP 2454
Agrogen CFX 3
Agrogen CSO 20
Agrogen CSO 35
Agrogen DAS 545
Agrogen ESO 81
Agrogen G3
Agrogen K 3
Agrogen LP 15
Agrogen LP 68
Agrogen ME 310
Agrogen ME 320 D
Agrogen ME 330
Agrogen NL 8
Agrogen NP 10
Agrogen NP 10 P
Agrogen NP 15
Agrogen NP 4030 T
Agrogen NSC
Agrogen PG 8107
Agrogen SBB
Agrogen SLS 12 P98
Agrogen SMO 20
Agrogen STS
Agrogen TSP 15
Air Absorber
Air Drier Thinner
Alcamuls OR/36
Alcamuls RC
Alcamuls T/20
Alcamuls VO/ 2003
ALDEHYDE C-10
ALDEHYDE C-11 UNDECYLENIC
ALDEHYDE C-12 LAURIC
ALDEHYDE C-14 (GAMMA UNDECALACTONE)
ALDEHYDE C-18 (GAMMA NONALACTONE)
ALDEHYDE C-8
ALDEHYDE CINNAMIQUE
Alem 07
Alem 140
Alem Hd
Alfa Olefin Sulfonate Powder/Liquid
Alkane Sulfonate %60
Allantoin
Allura Red
ALLYL AMYL GLYCOLATE
Aloxicoll Pf 40
ALPHA PINENE ALS
Aluminum Chloro Hydrate
Aluminum Di Stearate
Aluminum Hydroxide
Aluminum Mono Stearate
Aluminum Oxide
Aluminum Stearate
Aluminum Sulfate
Aluminum Tristearate
Amebact C
Amido Amine
Amino Ethyl Ethanole Amine / AEEA
Amino Functional Silicons
Amino Polyether Silicon
Ammonia
Ammonium Acetate
Ammonium Bi Carbonate
Ammonium Bi Chromate
Ammonium Bi Fluoride
Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium Lauryl Ether Sulfate %30
Ammonium Lauryl Ether Sulfate / Ales 70%
Ammonium Lignon Sulphonate
Ammonium Nitrate
Ammonium Persulfate
Ammonium Stearate
Ammonium Sulfate
Amphoteric Pailette Fabric Softener
AMYL SALICYLATE
Amylase
ANISALDEHYDE
Anionic Nylon Fixative %40
Anionic Polyelectrolyte
Antifoam 10
Antifoam AR 30
Antifoam AR 30
Antifoam BO Antifoam EF
Antifoam FDP
Antifoam Oil Base
Antifoam Powder
Antifoam Powder
Antifoam Slicone Base
Antifoam WW
Antimuan Trioxide
Antimussol 4459
Antiperoxide Enzyme Concentrated
Antiscalants
APG/Alkyl Poli Glycoside
Apretan
Aquazym Ultra 1200 N / Alpha Amylase
Armohib 18
Armohib 28
Arsenic
Ascorbic Acid
Asesulpham K
Aspartam
ATMP
Avicel PH 101
Avicel PH 102
BACDANOL
Bactericide
Barium Carbonate
Barium Chloride
Barium Sulfate
Baryte
BC 330/60
BC 330LV
BC Antifoam 99/040
BC Antifoam AP
BC Antifoam AR20
BC Antifoam AR30
BC Antifoam C100
BC Antifoam E6
BC Antifoam ED5
BC P500
BC Silicone Fluids
Bead Costic
Bead Glue
BENZALDEHYDE
Benzaldehyde
Benzalkonium Chlorite %50 – % 80
Benzisothiazoline – 3 – One
Benzisothiazoline / Bit
Benzoic Acid
Benzotriazol
BENZYL ACETATE
BENZYL ALCOHOL
Benzyl Alcohol
Benzyl Benzoate
Benzyl Chloride
BENZYL SALICYLATE
Bermacol / HES
Berol 226
Beta Carotene
BETA PINENE
Betaine %35 – % 45
BHA/ Butyl Hydroxy Anisole
BHT / Butyl Hydroxy Toluene
Bilapill Cold OP 200
Bilapill Cold OP PLUS K
Bilapill Cold OPK
Bilca AL 100
Bilfix KO 40
Bilfix KO 55
Bilfix OX
Bilkim 85
Bilkim FLK
Bilkim PAA ( Poly Acrylic Acid )
Bilkim RT
Bilkim SD
Billate RGL
Bilperen P 10
Bilsil AC 200
Bilsil HİS CONC
Bilsil MAK C
Bilsoft CNF
Bilsoft EGM
Bilsoft EST
Bilsoft HDS
Bilsoft KP 100
Bilsoft NP 100
Bilsoft NYS
Bilsol NP 10 P
Bilsol OP
Bilsol PGC
Bilsol PGO
Bilspes BSC Liquid
Bilspes BSR
Bilspes X5 ECO
Bilstone GRK
Bilstone SR 100
Bilwax PE 25
Binder
Biocides
Biodac 11009
Biodac 11027
Bitsoft HS 50
Blend Oil Emulsufier
Blue Bead BNPD
Borax Decahydrate
Borax Pentahydrate
Boric Acid Powder/Cyrstal
BORNEOL
Brillant Blue
Brom Tablate
Bronopol
Butil Diglycol Acetate
Butil Glycol
Butyl Acetate
Butyl Acrylate Monomer
Butyl Alcohol
Butyl Benzoate
Butyl Diglycol
Butyl Glycol Acetate
Butyl Stearate
C 10 İsodecyll Alcohol 3EO/5EO/6EO/8EO
C 12 14 Alcohol 2EO/3EO/5EO/6 EO/7EO
C 13 Tridecyl Alcohol 3EO/5EO/6EO/8EO/12EO
C 1618 Alcohol 6 EO /12 EO
C 9 11 Oxo Alcohol 6 EO / 8 EO
C.A.S.E. Pollliols
Calcite/ Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Acetate
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Chelate
Calcium Chloride
Calcium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate %65
Calcium Floride
Calcium Gluconate
Calcium Hydroxide
Calcium Hypochloride
Calcium Kazeinate
Calcium Ligno Sulfonate
Calcium Metal
Calcium Nitrate
Calcium Propionate
Calcium Stearate
Calcium Sulfate
Calgon
Calgon Pt
CAMPHOR (D-CAMPHOR)KAFUR
Caprolactam
Caprylic Capric Triglyceride
Caramel liquid
Carbitol Solvents Carbohydrazide
Carbon Black
Carmosine
Carnauba Wax
Carnauba Wax T 3
Carrageenan
Casein
Castor Oil
Castor Oil 20 EO
Castor Oil 35 EO
Castor Oil 40 EO
Catalase T 400
Cellulosic Thinner
Cellusoft 25000 L / Selülaz
Ceteareth 25
Ceteareth 50
Ceteareth 80
Cetiol HE
Cetrimonium Chloride 30
Cetyl Alcohol
Cetyl Stearyt Alcohol 30/70 – 50/50
CF 450 K/ Fiksatör 45
Chlor % 56
Chlor % 90
Chlor Amine T
Chlor Hexidine Gluconate
Chlor Paraffine
Chlor Paraffine % 44 – % 52
Chlorhexidingluconate
Chloride/TH PC
Chrome Alum
Chromic Acid
Chrystale Sulphide
CIS-3-HEXENYL SALICILATE
CITRONELLE JAWA
CITRONELLOL
Cit Mit % 14 – % 1,5
Citric Acid Anhydrus
Citric Acid Monohydrate
CMC
Cobalt Chloride
Cobalt Oxide
Cobalt Sulfate
Coco Dea % 85 – % 99
Coco Dietanol Amin % 85 – % 99
Coco Oil Acid
Coco Propylene Diamine Guanidine
Colophon Resin
Color Darkener
Colorants
Comperlan COD
Comperlan KD
Convencional Polyols
Copper Acetate
Copper Carbonate
Copper Chelate
Copper Cyanide
Copper Nitrate
Copper Oxide
Copper Sulfate
Corn Fiber
Corn Starch
Corrosion Inhibitor
Cosmedia HC 40
COUMARIN
Covering Binder
Crafol AP 261
Cream of Tartar
Crease-resist Finishing Recine
Cross Connector
CSA 25 EO
CSA 50 EO
CSA 80 EO Powder
Cyanuric Chloride
Cyclo Hegzanon
Cyclo Hexylamine
Cyclo Penta Siloxane
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexylamine
Cyclopenta Siloxane
D. Limonene
D. Panthenol %75
Dadmac
Datem
Dbnpa / 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamite
Dc 200/100 Polydimethylsiloxane
DCMX
DDMAC % 50 – %80
Dehydol LS 2 TH
Dehydol LS 3 TH
Dehydol LS 6 TH
Dehydol LS 7 TH
Dehydol LT 7 TH
Dehydran 1620
Dehymuls SMO
Dehyquart A CA
Dehyquart AU 46
Dehyquart CC 7 BZ
Dehyton DC
Dehyton PL
Demulsol A
Denatonium Benzoate
Dequest 2000
Dequest 2010
Dequest 2060
Dequest 2066 S
Detergent Dyes
Detergent Powder
Dextrin
Dextrose monohydrate
DIHYDROMYRCENOL
DIPHENYL OXYDE
Di ammonium Phosphate / DAP
Di Calcium Phophate
Di Chloroisocyanuric acid
Di Ethanolamine / DEA
Di Ethyl Ethanol Amine / DEEA
Di Ethyl Hydroxylamine / DEHA
Di Ethyl Phthalate
Di Ethylamin Amino Ethanol / DEAE
Di Ethylene Glycole / DEG
Di Ethylene Tri Amine / DETA
Di İso Butyl Phthalate / DIBP
Di iso Decyl Phthalate / DIDP
Di İso Nonyl Phthalate / DINP
Di Methyl Formamide / DMF
Di Methyl Sulfate / DMS
Di Oktil Adipat / DOA
Di Oktil Phthalate / DOP
Di Propylene Glicol / DPG
Di Sodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate
Di Sodium Phosphate
Di Sodium Phosphate Anhydrous
Di Sodyum Coco Ampho Diacetate
Diallyl Phthalate
Diamin KLG 2
Dichlorophen
Dicyandiamid
Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride %50 – % 80
Dimethycon
Dispersants
Dispersing Agents
Dissolvine CSA
D’LIMONENE
Dmapa
DMDMH
Dodigen 226
Dos 70 Dow 3387
Dow 8040 Silikon Yağı
Dow 8600
Dowanol DPM
Dowanol Dpnb
Dowanol PM
Dowanol PnB
Drilling foam
DSD Asit
DTPMP
Duasyn Brilliant Red F3b-Sf Liquid
Dywell 500
Ecological Carrier
Edenor
EDTA
EDTA Bor
EDTA Ca
EDTA Cu
EDTA Fe
EDTA K
EDTA Mg
EDTA Mn
EDTA Mo
EDTA Zn
Egesil 820 A
Elastomeric Nano Silicone
Eltesol SC 40
Eltesol SC 93
Empigen Bac 50
Empigen OB
Empigen OH 25
Empilan Kl 8 / Kl 6 / Kl 5
Empilan KR 6
Empilan KR 8
Emulgin 385
Emulsogen 4084
Emulsogen EPA 073
Emulsogen EPN 287
Emulsogen LCN 118
Emulsogen PF 20 S
Emulsogen TS 200
Environmental NP 10
Enzyme Protector
Epoxy Polyether Silicone
Epoxy Silicone
Epoxy Soybean Oil
Esterquart % 40 (softener cake)
Esterquart % 90
Esterquart Thickener
Ethomeen T
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl Acrylate Monomer
Ethyl Alcohol
Ethyl Di Glicole
Ethyl Glicole
ETHYL MALTOL
ETHYL VANILLIN
Ethylene Diamine
EUCALYPTUS OIL
EUGENOL
Euperlan Pk 771
Eutanol G
Euxyl K 100 – 500
Exocide 1012
Exocide CF
Exocide GT
Exosel KS
Exxsol D 40 / D 60
Exxsol D 80 / D 100
Fastness Enhancer
Fe III Chloride
Fe III Chloride
FIXOLIDE
Fixator for Direct Dying % 40
Fixator for Direct Dying % 55
Fixator for Noformaldeyhde Reactive Dye % 45
Flake Sodium Hydroxide
Flant Vaseline
Flora Carbon Cotton/Polyster
Flosoft 222
Flotanol M / MİBC
Flotigam
Flotol B
Foamaster S 15
Folic acid
Food Coloring
Formaldehyde
Formic acid %85
FRAISON (STRAWBERRY FURANONE 99,5 % MIN)
Fructose Powder
Ftalic Anhydrite
Fumaric Acid
Furnace Thinner 100/150
Furnace Thinner H
GALAXOLIDE %50 DEP
GAMMA METHYL IONONE
GAMMA TERPINENE
Gelatine
Genagen
Genamin CS 302 D
Genamin SH 100
Genamin T 100/150/250
Genaminox CSL
Genaminox LA
Genapol Ed 3060
Genapol Ep 2584
Genapol PF 10
Genapol PF 20
Genapol PF 80 P
Genapol PN 30
Genapol T 250
Genapol T 800
Genapol X
GERANIOL
Gerapon SDS
Gerapon T/36
Geronol CF/AS 30
Geronol FF/4
Geronol FF/6
Geronol MOE-2F
Geronol MS
Geronol RE/70
Geronol SBF
Glicolic Acid
Gluconic Acid
Glue Spreader
Glutaraldehyde
Glutaric Acid
Glyoxal 40
Glyoxal Resin
Glyoxal Resin Concantrated
Glyserine Pharma
GMO / Glycerol Mono Oleate
GMS % 40 GMS % 90
Golpanol Als
Green Bead
Guar Gum
Gum Arabic
Gum Arabic
Gum Arabic
Hair Enzyme High Concentration
Heavy soda
Heavy/Light Soda
HEDIONE (METHYL DIHYDROJASMONATE)
Hedipin
HEDP %60
Heptan
Herbal Glycerin
Hexa Floro Salicylic Acid
Hexa Methylen Tetramine
Hexachloroethane
Hexahydro-1,3,5-Tris-( 2-Hydroxyethyl)
Hexamethylen Tetramine
Hexamine
Hexane
Hexylen Glycole
Hostaphat
Hostapur Sas 60
Hostavin
HPAA / 2-Hydroxyphosphonoacetic Acid
HVP/ Hydrolize herbal protein
Hydrazine hydrate
Hydrazine Hydrate
Hydro Chloric Acid
Hydro Chloric Acid İnhibitor
Hydro Floric Acid
Hydrogen Peroxide %50
Hydrogen Peroxide Stabilizer
Hydrogenated Palm Stearin
Hydrogenated Tallow
Hydrophil Silicone Emulsion
Hydrophil Silicone Oil
Hydropolat 875
Hydroquinone
Hydroxyl Amine Sulfate / HAS
Hydroxyl Ethyl Cellulose / HES
Hypo Thickener
İmbentin C91/060
İmbentin C91/080
İmbentin T03/T05/ T06/T08
İndigo
İndustriel Thinner
İodine
İONONE ALPHA
İONONE BETA
İPA
İPBC
İPM
İPP
İron chelate
İron nitrate
İron sulfate
İSO AMYL ACETATE
İSO AMYL ALCOHOL
İSO AMYL BUTYRATE
İso Buthanol
İso Butyl Acetate
İSO E SUPER
İso Ftalic Acid
İso Nonanoic Acid
İso Oktyl Alcohol
İso Propyl Acetate
İso Propyl Alcohol
İSO PROPYL MYRISTATE
İso Stearic Acid
İso Thiazolin
İsoamyl Acetate
İsodecyl Alcohol
İsodecyl Alcohol Phosphate Esters
İsofor 20
İtaconic Acid
JASMONAL H
Jelatin
Jet Oil
Kafein Anhydrous
Kaolin
Karionic Polyelectrolytes
Kathon 873
Kathon 886
Kathon Lx
Kathon Wt
Kationic Paillette Softener
Keltrol F
Kriolit
Ktpp %5
Labsa
Labsa Powder
Laccase Enzym
Lactic Acid
Lactose
Lactose Monohydrate
Lamesoft TM Benz
Lanette 16
Lanette 18
Lanette O
Lanoline %50 Liquid
Lanoline Anhydrous Pharma
Lauric Acid
Lauryl Alchol Phosphate Esters
Lauryl Amine Oxyde
LAVANDIN GROSSO
Lead Acetate
Lead Nitrate
Lead Oxyde
Lecitin Liquid/Powder
LEMON OIL SPANISH
LILIAL
LINALOOL
LINALYL ACETATE
Licocene
Licolub
Licomer
Licowax
Light Soda
Lime Cream
Linear PDMS / PolyDiMethylSiloxan
Lipolase 100 L / Lipaz
Liquid Caustic %48
Liquid Paraffin
Liquid Vaseline
Lityum Carbonate
Lityum Hydroxyde
Lityum Stearate
Locron Lif
Locron P
Locron S
Lonzabag Bg
Lowinox
Ludigol
Macro Silicone
Macro Slicone Emulsion
Magnasoft CJS
Magnasoft Derma NT
Magnasoft SILQ
Magnessium Slicate
Magnessium Carbonate
Magnessium Chelate
Magnessium Chloride
Magnessium Hegza Phlora Slicate
Magnessium Nitrate
Magnessium Oxyde
Magnessium Slica Fluoride
Magnessium Stearete
Magnessium Stearete
Magnessium Sulphate
Maleic Acid Acrylic Acid Copolimer % 45
Maleic Anhydride
Malic Acid
Malto Dextrin
Mangane Carbonate
Mangane Di Oxyde
Mangane Sulphate
Marlon ARL Powder
Marlon PS 60
Melamine
Melhyl Iso Butyl Ketone
Menthol
MENTHOL CRYSTAL 42/44 NATURAL
Mercapto Ethanol
Mercury
Methoxy Propylamine / MOPA
Methyl Alchol
METHYL ANTHRANILATE
METHYL CEDRYL KETONE (VERTOFIX)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone / MEK
Methyl Isobutyl Carbitol / MIBC
Methyl Metacrilate Monomer
Methyl Paraben
Methyl Paraben Sodium
Methyl Triglycol
Methylene Chloride
Micro Nutrition
Micro Slicone Emulsion
Micro Slicone Oil
Milcoside 101
Milcoside 102
Mold Oil Emulgator
Mold Release
Mono Ammonium Phosphate – MAP
Mono and Diglycerides of Fatty Acids
Mono Calcium Phosphate
Mono Ethanol Amine / MEA
Mono Ethylene Glycol / MEG
Mono Glycerid
Mono Magnessium Phosphate
Mono Potassium Phosphate / MKP
Mono Propylene Glycol / MPG
Mono Sodium Glutamate
Mono Sodium Phosphate Anhydrus / MSP
Mono Zinc Sulphate
Monomuls 90-35
Montan Wax
Mordante T 400 / T 600
Mordanting Material
Morpholine
Mrystile Amine Oxyde
Mykon Atc Blue
Mykon Atc Grean
Myritol 312
Myritol 318
N Butyl Acetate
N Methyl Prolidone/NMP
Naftelene Sulphonate % 40
Naftelene Sulphonate % 93
Nano Silicone Emulsion
Natrasol H 250 / HES
N-Butanol
N-Butyt Ethanolamine
Neutral Liquid Optical
Nickel Chloride
Nickel Nitrate
Nickel Sulfate
Nipacide Bit 20
Nipacide Bit AS 20
Nipacide CFX 3
Nipacide Cl 15
Nipacide Dd 100
Nipagin M
Nipaguard
Nitric Acide
Nitrocellulose
N-methlyol Acrylamide
NMP
N-Octyl İsothiazolinone
Non GMO Soya Lesitin
Nonionic Paillette Softener
Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate Esters NP 10
NP 15
NP 20
NP 30
NP 4
NP 40
NP 6
NP 8
N-Propanol
NTA/Triton A 92
Nutritional Yeast
Oat Fiber
Octyl Alchol
Octyl Alchol Phosphate Ester
Octyl Phenol 25 EO
Odorless Thinner
Oleic Acid
Oleoyl Sarcosine
Oleyl Amin 2 EO
Oligomer Abraj Preventer
Opaque Maker
O-Phenyl Phenol
Optical Liquid (blue nuanced)
Optical Whitening Powder
ORANGE OIL BRASIL
Organic Silicone
Organic Silicone Adjuvant
Ortho Fhtal Aldehyde
Orto Fenyl Fenat
Ouartamine
Oxalic Acid
Oxalic Acid
Oxide Polyethylene Wax
Oxone
Para Chloro Meta Cresol / PCMC
Para Chloro Meta Xylenol / PCMX
Para Formaldehyde
Para Toluen Sulphonic Acid/Powder
PARACYMEN
Paraffin Emulsifier %100
Paraffin Wax
Paraformaldehyde
PATCHOULY DARK OIL
PBTC
PBTCA
Pea Green
Pearl
Pectin
PEG 1500
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DISODIUM PHOSPHATE. N° CAS : 7558-79-4 / 7782-85-6 - Phosphate disodique. Nom INCI : DISODIUM PHOSPHATE. Nom chimique : Disodium hydrogenorthophosphate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-448-7 / -. Le Phosphate disodique est un ingrédient de synthèse, il est utilisé en tant que laxatif. Il sert aussi à la fabrication de l'émail et des céramiques chez les dentistes. En cosmétique, on l'utilise pour ses propriétés détartrantes et masquantes.Ses fonctions (INCI) Anticorrosif : Empêche la corrosion de l'emballage Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit

Organophosphate; OPE; Acephate; Azinphos methyl; Bromophos; Bromophos ethyl; hlorphoxim; Chlorpyrifos; hlorpyrifos-methyl; Chlorthiophos; Coumaphos; Crotoxyphos; Crufomate; Cyanofenphos; Cyanophos; Demeton; Demeton-O; Demeton-S; Demeton-S-methyl; Demeton-S-methylsulphon; Diazinon; Dichlofenthion; Dichlorvos; Dicrotophos; Dimefox; Dimethoate; Dioxabenzophos; Dioxathion; Disulfoton; Ditalmifos; Edifenphos; EPBP; EPN; ESP; Ethion; Ethopropos; Etrimfos; Famphur; Fenamiphos; Fenchlorphos; Fenitrothion; Fensulfothion; Fenthion; Fonofos; Formothion; Heptenophos; Isothioate; Isoxathion; Jodfenphos; Leptophos; Malathion; Mephosfolan; Methamidophos; Methidathion; Mevinphos; Monocrotophos; Naled; Omethoate; Oxydemeton-methyl; Parathion; Parathion-methyl; Phenthoate; Phorate; Phosphamidon amide; Phospholan; Phoxim; Pirimiphos-ethyl; Profenofos; Propaphos; Prothiofos; Quinlphos; Schradan; Sulfotep; Sulprofos; Temephos; TEPP; Terbufos; Tetrachlorvinphos; Thiometon; Thionazin; Triazophos; Trichlorfon; Vamidothion

cas no 8002-43-5 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; 3-sn-Phosphatidylcholine; L-α-Lecithin; Azolectin; PC; L-α-Phosphatidylcholine;

cas no 71050-62-9 Phosphanecarboxylic acid; Phosphoranecarboxylicacid (8CI,9CI);

Phosphinic Acid = Phosphine oxide = Phosphinic acid = hydrophosphorous acid = Phosphonous acid


Phosphinic acid (HPA), or phosphinic acid, is a phosphorus oxyacid and a powerful reducing agent with molecular formula H3PO2.
Phosphinic acid is a colorless low-melting compound, which is soluble in water, dioxane, and alcohols.
The formula for Phosphinic acid is generally written H3PO2, but a more descriptive presentation is HOP(O)H2, which highlights its monoprotic character.
Salts derived from Phosphinic acid are called hypophosphites.

HOP(O)H2 exists in equilibrium with the minor tautomer HP(OH)2.
Sometimes the minor tautomer is called Phosphinic acid and the major tautomer is called phosphinic acid.

Phosphinic acid is a phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to two hydrogens and a hydroxy group and via a double bond to an oxygen. The parent of the class of phosphinic acids.

phosphinic acid has role antioxidant
phosphinic acid is a phosphinic acids
phosphinic acid is a phosphorus oxoacid
phosphinic acid is conjugate acid of phosphinate


Phosphinic acid General Information
Chemical Name: Phosphinic Acid
Synonyms: Phosphinic Acid, Phosphine oxide, Phosphinic acid
Chemical Formula: H3PO2
CAS Number: 6303-21-5
EC Number: 228-601-5


Phosphinic acid
Phosphinic acid
Phosphinic acid (VAN)
Hypophosphorus acid
Phosphine oxide, hydroxy-
Phosphinic acid
Phosphinic acid
phosphinic acid
Phosphonous acid (VAN)

CAS names
Phosphinic acid

IUPAC names
hydroxy-oxophosphanium
Phosphinic ACID
Phosphinic acid
Phosphinic acid
Phosphinic acid
Hypophosphorus Acid
phosphenous acid
Phosphinic acid
phosphinic acid
Phospinic Acid
Unterphosphorige Säure



Phosphinic acid [NF]
6303-21-5 [RN]
Acide phosphinique [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
H2PO(OH) [Formula]
Phosphinic acid (VAN)
PH2(OH)O [Formula]
PH2O(OH) [Formula]
Phosphinic acid [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Phosphinsäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
[PH2(OH)O]
[PH2O(OH)]
dihydridodioxophosphoric acid
dihydridohydroxidooxidophosphorus
dihydroxyphosphanium
dihydroxyphosphonium
H3PO2
HPA
hydrophosphorous acid
Phosphinic acid solution
MFCD02183592 [MDL number]
UNII-8B1RL9B4ZJ
次磷酸 [Chinese]

DIHYDROXYPHOSPHINE
HYDROXYPHOSPHINE OXIDE
Phosphinic ACID
PHOSPHINE OXIDE, HYDROXY-
PHOSPHONOUS ACID

Phosphinic acid is a phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to two hydrogens and a hydroxy group and via a double bond to an oxygen. The parent of the class of phosphinic acids. It has a role as an antioxidant. It is a phosphorus oxoacid and a member of phosphinic acids. It is a conjugate acid of a phosphinate.

Phosphinic acid (H3PO2) is an important chemical product with wide applications in pharmaceuticals and electroless plating.



Phosphinic acid Uses
Bleaching Agent – Phosphinic Acid is used as a bleaching or decolorizing agent for plastics, synthetic fibers, and chemicals

Color Stabilizer – HPA is used as a decolorizing agent and for color stabilization during the manufacture of chemicals and several plastics including: nylon fibers, polyamides, polyester fiber, polyacrilonitrile, alkyd rsins, epoxies, fatty acid esters, and glycerols.

Hypophosphite Salts – Phosphinic Acid is used in the production of Hypophosphite Salts (i.e., Calcium, Magnesium, Manganese, Potassium, Iron, and Ammonium) which are in turn used in synthetic fibers as wetting dispersing, emulsifying, and anti-static agents

Chemical Intermediate – Phosphinic Acid is used in organic synthesis and organo phosphinic acid production

Neturalizing Agent – Phosphinic Acid is used as a moderately strong monobasic acid

Catalyst – Phosphinic Acid is a polymerization and polycondensation catalyst

Wetting Agent – Phosphinic Acid is a as a wetting, dispersing, or emulsifying agent in electroplating

Reducing Agent – Phosphinic Acid may be used for its strong but slow reducing action

Antioxidant – Phosphinic Acid may be used as an antioxidant

Pharmaceutical – HPA may be used as a stimulant in pharmaceuticals

Phosphinic acid is used as a chain transfer agent in aqueous polymerizations.


Phosphinic acid has color stabilizer function, antioxydant property and it is also used as reducer or catalyst in multiple industries.


Uses: Phosphinic acid is used in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, discoloration of polymers, water treatment, retrieval of precious or non-ferrous metals.
Its main use is for electroless plating, i.e. deposition of metal films from solution.
In organic chemistry, H3PO2 best known for their use in the reduction of arenediazonium salts, converting ArN2+ to Ar-H.
When diazotized in a concentrated solution of Phosphinic acid, an amine substituent can be removed from arenes, selectively over alkyl amines.
Phosphinic Acid (HPA) is also known as phosphinic acid, hydroxy(oxo)-λ5-phosphane, oxo-λ5-phosphinous acid and oxo-λ5-phosphanol.
Its molecular formula is H3PO2 or HOP(O)H2. Phosphinic acid is a hydroxy phosphine oxide or phosphorus oxyacid having a monobasic character. Phosphinic Acid is a low-melting colorless compound, which is highly soluble in alcohols, dioxane and water. Phosphinic acid is majorly manufactured from Sodium Hypophosphite.
Phosphinic Acid is widely used as a reducing agent to reduce Cu, Hg and Ag etc. to verify impurities, such as Nb, As and Ta, etc.
It is also used as a catalyst during esterification and in medicines, it is used to detect tellurium and arsenic, etc
Phosphinic Acid is used as a decolorizing or bleaching agent in plastics, chemicals and synthetic fibers.
It is also used as a color stabilizer during the manufacturing of chemicals and plastics, including polyamides, nylon fibers, polyacrilonitrile, polyester fiber, epoxies, glycerols, fatty acid esters and alkyd resins.
Phosphinic Acid is also used as a polycondensation and polymerization agent, reducing agent, an antioxidant and stimulant in pharmaceuticals, etc.
Thus, due to the wide areas of application of Phosphinic acid, its consumption is expected to grow at a significant rate during the forecast period.
Phosphinic Acid is used in various end use industries, such as building and construction, electronics and electrical, chemical and plastics, etc.
Thus, owing to the growing use of Phosphinic Acid in various industries, its sales is expected to increase, thereby propelling the growth of the global Phosphinic Acid market during the forecast period.
Phosphinic Acid is significantly used as a salt (sodium hypophosphite) and also in electroless nickel plating (Ni–P), as well as Phosphinic Acid is also used for reducing arenediazonium salts.
Though Phosphinic Acid finds application in chemical industry but owing to the ill effects of Phosphinic Acid the United States Drug Enforcement Administration has assigned Phosphinic Acid and its salts in List I precursor chemical and Phosphinic Acid handlers are ordered to keep a record and registration etc. for during the import and export

By Product Type Phosphinic Acid 50%Phosphinic Acid >50%


Segmentation By Grades:
Technical Grade Phosphinic Acid
Pharmaceutical Grade Phosphinic Acid

By Application
Pharmaceutical
Reducing Agent
Resin
Ink
Coating
Other



IUPAC name: Phosphinic acid

Other names
Hydroxy(oxo)-λ5-phosphane
Hydroxy-λ5-phosphanone
Oxo-λ5-phosphanol
Oxo-λ5-phosphinous acid
Phosphonous acid (for minor tautomer)

Identifiers
CAS Number: 6303-21-5

Properties
Chemical formula: H3PO2
Molar mass: 66.00 g/mol
Appearance: colorless, deliquescent crystals or oily liquid
Density 1.493 g/cm3
1.22 g/cm3 (50 wt% aq. solution)

Melting point: 26.5 °C (79.7 °F; 299.6 K)
Boiling point: 130 °C (266 °F; 403 K) decomposes
Solubility in water: miscible
Solubility: very soluble in alcohol, ether
Acidity (pKa): 1.2
Conjugate base: Phosphinate



Applications: Phosphinic Acid is primarily used for electroless nickel plating. It is involved in the reduction of arenediazonium salts. It acts as an additive in Fischer esterification reactions. Also, it serves as a neutralizing agent, antioxidant, catalyst in polymerization and poly condensation, and wetting agent. Further, it is used in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, discoloration of polymers, water treatment and retrieval of precious or non-ferrous metals. In addition to this, it is used as bleaching agents for plastics, synthetic fibers, decolorizing agent and for color stabilization during the manufacture of chemicals and several plastics.

Notes
Incompatible with strong oxidizers, mercuric oxide, mercury(II) nitrate, metals and strong bases.




Preparation and availabilityPhosphinic Acid was first prepared in 1816 by the French chemist Pierre Louis Dulong (1785–1838).

The acid is prepared industrially via a two step process: Firstly, hypophosphite salts of the alkali and alkaline earth metals result from the reaction of white phosphorus with hot aqueous solution of the appropriate hydroxide, e.g. Ca(OH)2.

P4 + 4 OH− + 4 H2O → 4 H2PO−2 + 2 H2
The salt is then treated with a strong, non-oxidizing acid to give the free Phosphinic acid:

H2PO−2 + H+ → H3PO2
HPA is usually supplied as a 50% aqueous solution.
Anhydrous acid cannot be obtained by simple evaporation of the water, as the acid ready oxidises to phosphorous acid and phosphoric acid and also disproportionates to phosphorous acid and phosphine.
Pure anhydrous Phosphinic acid can be formed by the continuous extraction of aqueous solutions with diethyl ether.

Reactions and uses
Its main industrial use is for electroless nickel plating (Ni–P), although it is primarily used as a salt (sodium hypophosphite).
Phosphinic Acid can reduce chromium(III) oxide to chromium(II) oxide:

H3PO2 + 2 Cr2O3 → 4 CrO + H3PO4

Organic chemistry
In organic chemistry, H3PO2 can be used for the reduction of arenediazonium salts, converting ArN+2 to Ar–H.
When diazotized in a concentrated solution of Phosphinic acid, an amine substituent can be removed from arenes.

Owing to its ability to function as a mild reducing agent and oxygen scavenger it is sometimes used as an additive in Fischer esterification reactions, where it prevents the formation of colored impurities.

It is used to prepare phosphinic acid derivatives.

DEA List I chemical status
Because Phosphinic acid can reduce elemental iodine to form hydroiodic acid, which is a reagent effective for reducing ephedrine or pseudoephedrine to methamphetamine, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration designated Phosphinic acid (and its salts) as a List I precursor chemical effective November 16, 2001.[12] Accordingly, handlers of Phosphinic acid or its salts in the United States are subject to stringent regulatory controls including registration, recordkeeping, reporting, and import/export requirements pursuant to the Controlled Substances Act and 21 CFR §§ 1309 and 1310.[12][13][14]

Organophosphinic acids (Phosphinates)
Main article: Phosphinate
Organophosphinic acids have the formula R2PO2H. The two hydrogen atoms directly bound to phosphorus in phosphinic acid are replaced by organic groups.
For example, formaldehyde and H3PO2 react to give (HOCH2)2PO2H.
Similarly, phosphinic acid adds to Michael acceptors, for example with acrylamide it gives H(HO)P(O)CH2CH2C(O)NH2.
The Cyanex family of dialkylphosphinic acids are used in hydrometallurgy to extract metals from ores.

Inorganic derivatives
Few metal complexes have been prepared from H3PO2, one example is Ni(O2PH2)2.




Phosphinic Acid is a phosphorus oxoacid and a powerful reducing agent. Inorganic chemists refer to the free acid by this name (also as "HPA") although its official IUPAC name is phosphinic acid. See Phosphinic acid. It is a colorless low-melting compound, which is soluble in water, dioxane, and alcohols. The formula for Phosphinic acid is generally written H3PO2, but a more descriptive presentation is HOP(O)H2 which highlights its monoprotic character. Salts derived from this acid are called hypophosphites.

HOP(O)H2 exists in equilibrium with the minor tautomer HP(OH)2. Sometimes the minor tautomer is called Phosphinic acid and the major tautomer is called phosphinic acid.

Preparation and availability
The acid is prepared industrially via a two step process. Hypophosphite salts of the alkali and alkaline earth metals result from treatment of white phosphorus with hot aqueous solution of the appropriate hydroxide, e.g. Ca(OH)2.

UsesPhosphinic Acid is used in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, discoloration of polymers, water treatment, retrieval of precious or non-ferrous metals.
Its main use is for electroless plating, i.e. deposition of metal films from solution.
In organic chemistry, H3PO2 best known for their use in the reduction of arenediazonium salts, converting ArN2+ to Ar-H.
When diazotized in a concentrated solution of Phosphinic acid, an amine substituent can be removed from arenes, selectively over alkyl amines.




Free Phosphinic acid, H3PO2, is prepared by acidifying aqueous solutions of hypophosphite ions, H2PO2−.
For example, the solution remaining when phosphine is prepared from the reaction of white phosphorus and a base contains the H2PO2− ion.
If barium hydroxide (BaOH) is used as the base and the solution is acidified with sulfuric acid, barium sulfate, BaSO4, precipitates, and an aqueous solution of Phosphinic acid results.
Ba2+ + 2H2PO2− + 2H3O+ + SO42− → BaSO4 + 2H3PO2 + 2H2OThe pure acid cannot be isolated merely by evaporating the water, however, because of the easy oxidation of the Phosphinic acid to phosphoric acids (and elemental phosphorus) and its disproportionation to phosphine and phosphorous acid.
The pure acid can be obtained by extraction of its aqueous solution by diethyl ether, (C2H5)2O. Pure Phosphinic acid forms white crystals that melt at 26.5 °C (79.7 °F).
The electronic structure of Phosphinic acid is such that it has only one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and it is thus a monoprotic oxyacid.
It is a weak acid and forms only one series of salts, the hypophosphites.
Hydrated sodium hypophosphite, NaH2PO2 · H2O, is used as an industrial reducing agent, particularly for the electroless plating of nickel onto metals and nonmetals


hydroxy(oxo)phosphanium
H3PO2
CHEBI:29031Phosphinic Acid (NF)Phosphinic Acid [NF]
Phosphinic Acids
hydrophosphorous acid
hydroxyphosphine oxide
hypo phosphorous acid
hypo-phosphorous acid
Phosphonous acid (VAN)
DEA Code 6797
HPH2O2
dihydridodioxophosphoric acid
H2PO(OH)
Phosphinic acid (VAN)
dihydridohydroxidooxidophosphorus
[PH2(OH)O]
[PH2O(OH)]
CHEMBL2105054
HSDB 8373
DTXSID90873902
[O][PH2]=O
EINECS 228-601-5
hydrogen dihydridodioxophosphate(1-)
MFCD02183592
NSC 41904
AKOS015892821
AKOS030228788
C05339
D02334
EC 228-601-5
Hypophosphorus acid, 50% w/w aqueous solution





IUPAC Names
dihydridodioxophosphoric acid
dihydridohydroxidooxidophosphorus
hydrogen dihydridodioxophosphate(1−)
Synonyms
[PH2(OH)O]
[PH2O(OH)]
H2PO(OH)
H3PO2 ChEBI
HPA ChEBI
HPH2O2 IUPAC
hydrophosphorous acid ChEBI
Phosphinic acid KEGG COMPOUND
Phosphinic acid





CAS Number: 6303-21-5
Formula: H3-O2-P

Major Category
Toxic Gases & Vapors
Phosphinic acid formula graphical representation

Synonyms
Phosphinic acid (VAN); Hypophosphorus acid; Phosphine oxide, hydroxy-; Phosphonous acid (VAN); Phosphinic acid; [ChemIDplus] UN3264

Category: Acids, Inorganic

Description: Deliquescent solid (from the water-free acid); Supercools to colorless odorless liquid; mp = 26.5 deg C; [Merck Index] Colorless odorless solution; [MSDSonline]

Sources/Uses: Used to make hypophosphites and in electroplating baths; [Hawley]

Comments: A strong reducing agent; [Merck Index] Fire and explosion hazard in contact with oxidizing agents; [Hawley] A strong reducing agent; May cause irritation or burns to skin, eye, and respiratory tract; [CAMEO] Corrosive to skin and eyes; [eChemPortal: ERMA] A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Inhalation may cause chemical pneumonitis; [MSDSonline]


Applications : Phosphinic acid is used as a pharmaceutical additive as antioxidant, as an ingredient of electroless plating solutions, for the retrieval of precious or non-ferrous metals as a water treatment agent, as a meat preservative to prevent the discoloration of polymers and for the production of chemicals







Phosphinic acid is also known as "hypophosphite" It is colorless oil or deliquescence crystal , it is an important fine chemical product. The main use is as reducing agent for electroless plating, phosphoric prevent discoloration of resins, it can also be used in the esterification reaction catalyst, the refrigerant, in particular for the production of high purity product sodium hypophosphite. There are several methods for preparation, the common industrial method for producing is ion exchange resin method and electrodialysis method.
The chemical properties of Phosphinic acid, uses, toxicity, and production methods are edited by andy of Chemicalbook. (2016-12-04)

Chemical properties
It is deliquescent crystals or colorless oil. Melting point: 26.5℃. The relative density (specific gravity): 1.439 (solid, 19℃). It is soluble in water, ethanol and ether, and it can be mixed in any proportion with water, ethanol, acetone. In the air, it easily deliquesce to syrupy liquid, and the aqueous solution is acidic.
Phosphinic acid is monobasic acid, in aqueous solution, Phosphinic acid is strong acid, Ka = 10-2 (25℃); it is relatively stable at room temperature; disproportionation reaction can proceed at 130℃, decompose into phosphine and phosphorous acid:
2H3PO2=H3PO4+PH3
It has strong reduction, heavy metal salt solution can be restored to metals such as Cu2 +, Hg2 +, Ag +, such as:
4Ag+H3PO2+2H2)=4Ag+H3PO4+4H+
It is weak oxidizer, it can be reduced to phosphine, phosphine when encounters strong reducing agent.

Uses
1. Phosphinic acid is used as reducing agent for electroless plating;
2. It can be used to prevent discoloration of phosphoric acid resin;
3. It is used as esterification catalyst, the refrigerant;
4. It is used to produce hypophosphite, sodium salts, manganese salts, iron salts are generally used as nourishing substances;
5. Phosphinic acid is used in medicine and as reducing agent, the determination of arsenic, tellurium and separation of tantalum, niobium and other reagents.
6. It is strong reducing agent, It can be used for the preparation of sodium hypophosphite, calcium phosphate and other hypophosphite.
7. It can be used for the plating bath. Pharmaceuticals. reducing agent. general reagents.
8. It is strong reducing agent, it can be used in making sodium hypophosphite, calcium phosphate and other hypophosphite.
9. This product is widely used as reducing agent, Ag, Cu, Ni, Hg and other metals are reduced to the corresponding metal, for the verification of As, Nb, Ta and other reagents, it can be used for the preparation of Na, K, Ca, Mn, Fe and other types of hypophosphite.

Toxicity
It is non-combustible. But when contacts with the hole H agent, it will cause fire. When meets oxidizing agent, violent reaction and combustion can proceed. When it is heated to high, it can decompose into highly toxic phosphine gas, or even explode. It is corrosive. Phosphinic acid is often added into soft drinks, and because it is not absorbed. So the risk is small, but particularly strong hypophosphite hurt gastrointestinal. Accidentally it splashes into the eyes or contacts skin, plenty of water is used to washed. Production operators should wear protective clothing and other protective clothing. Production equipment should be sealed, workshop should be ventilated well.

HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Hazard statement:
Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
Causes serious eye damage
Precautionary statements:
Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Wear protective gloves and eye/face protection.
IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if
present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
Immediately call a POISON CENTRE or doctor/physician.
Store locked up.
Dispose of this material and its container to hazardous or special waste collection point.


Preparation method
1. Phosphorus and barium hydroxide solution is heated, barium salt Ba (H2PO2) 2 • 2H2O can generate, sulfuric acid is added into Phosphinic acid barium solution, Ba2+ can precipitate:
Ba(H2PO2)2+H2SO4=BaSO4+2H3PO2
Phosphinic acid can be obtained by evaporating under reduced pressure and low temperature crystallization. Due to in this process, the solubility of the barium salt is small, so the concentration of obtained Phosphinic acid is not high, industrial product should be purified by recrystallization.

2. the barium oxide (or lime) and solution of white phosphorus is heated together to form secondary barium phosphate (or calcium), and then reacts with sulfuric acid, it is filtered, concentrated to obtain product, or sodium hypophosphite solution proceeds H-type ion exchange resin can derive product. This method requires a large amount of resin, and resin regeneration and washing step is cumbersome, it generally costs more than $ 7 per pound, it is only suitable for small batch production, and not suitable for large-scale industrial applications.

3. Phosphinic acid is prepared by electrodialysis method, wherein the electrodialysis cell divides into three parts, they are anode chamber, raw material chamber and cathode chamber, the intermediate is separated by anionic membrane and cationic membrane, between two membranes sodium hypophosphite solution is placed (concentration of 100g/L~500g/L), anode chamber is dilute solution of Phosphinic acid 5g/L, anode chamber is dilute sodium hydroxide solution ( 5g /L), between the poles DC (3V~36V) is passed, anode releases oxygen, and generates secondary product of Phosphinic acid; cathode emits hydrogen, and generates secondary product of sodium hydroxide, the reaction time is 3~21h. The reactions of anode chamber and cathode chamber are as follows:
anode chamber:
H2O==H++OH-
2OH-==O2+2H2O+4e
H++H2PO2-==H3PO2
cathode chamber:
H2O==H++OH-
2H++2e==H2
Na++OH-==NaOH
Electrodialysis method of preparation Phosphinic acid is simple and equipment investment is small, it is suitable for mass production.

4. Starting from the industrial grade sodium hypophosphite, Cl-, SO42-anions which affect the quality indicators of Phosphinic acid are removed by precipitation, heavy metal ions are removed from the solution by forming sulfide, and then using strong acid cation exchange resin to obtain sodium secondary phosphate, high purity grade product can obtain. The process can produce high-grade secondary phosphate, technically is feasible, the process is simple, easy operation, good product quality, it can meet the needs of the electronics industry, defense industry and other high-tech fields.
Production Process of Phosphinic Acid from Industrial Sodium Hypophosphite
figure 1 Production Process of Phosphinic Acid from Industrial Sodium Hypophosphite.

5. Ion exchange resin method: about 70g of cation exchange resin wetted with water is packed into a glass tube with 5 mol/L hydrochloric acid circulating about 15min, after thoroughly washed with water, high purity aqueous sodium hypophosphite aqueous solution (15 g/60 ml H2O) flows through it, the resin column is first washed with 50 ml, then with 25 rnl distilled water. The effluent acid and washing is combined, it is concentrated by evaporation in water bath. The concentrated acid is placed in high vacuum with P205 dryer for dehydration, cooling and crystallization, filtration, recrystallization, to obtain Phosphinic acid product.
Production method
Ion exchange resin method: put about 70 g water-soluble cation exchange resins to fill into a glass tube. Circulate with 5 mol/L hydrochloric acid for about 15 min and wash sufficiently with water. Have a high aqueous sodium hypophosphite solution (15 g/60 ml H2O) to flow through the resin column, followed by being washed first with 50 ml water, and then rinsing with 25 rnl distilled water. The effluent acid and the washings were combined and concentrated by evaporation on a water bath. The concentrated acid is send to the highly vacuum, P205 dryer for dehydration, followed by cooling crystallization, filtration and recrystallization to obtain the finished product of Phosphinic acid.

Description
Phosphinic acid is a powerful reducing agent with a molecular formula of H3PO2. Inorganic chemists refer to the free acid by this name although its IUPAC name is dihydridohydroxidooxidophosphorus, or the acceptable name of phosphinic acid. It is a colorless low-melting compound, which is soluble in water, dioxane, and alcohols. The formula for Phosphinic acid is generally written H3PO2, but a more descriptive presentation is HOP(O)H2 which highlights its monoprotic character. Salts derived from this acid are called phosphinates (hypophosphites).

Description
This acid has the general formula ofH4P2O6 and differs from the other oxy-phosphorous acids. It has many peculiarities. It is formed along with phosphorous and phosphoric acids, when phosphorus is oxidized by moist air. If white phosphorus is exposed to air, and sodium acetate is addedto the liquidwhich forms, the somewhat insoluble sodium hypophosphate,Na2H2P2O6·6H2Oseparates. The sodium hypophosphate monohydrate, however, is very soluble and deliquescent at ～98.7 g/100 ml.

Chemical Properties
colourless liquid

Physical properties
Colorless deliquescent crystals or oily liquid; sour odor; density 1.493 g/cm3;melts at 26.5°C; boils at 130°C; very soluble in water, alcohol and ether; den-sity of a 50% aqueous solution is 1.13 g/mL.

Uses
Preparation of hypophosphites, electroplating baths.

Definition
ChEBI: A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to two hydrogens and a hydroxy group and via a double bond to an oxygen. The parent of the class of phosphinic acids.


Preparation

Phosphinic acid may be prepared by various methods:
1. Boiling white phosphorus with calcium hydroxide:
P4 + 4Ca(OH)2 + 8H2O → 4Ca(H2PO2)2 + 4H2
The calcium salt is soluble in water. Treatment with sulfuric acid yields thePhosphinic acid:
(H2PO2)2Ca + H2SO4 → 2H3PO2 + CaSO4
The product mixture is filtered to remove insoluble CaSO4. The aqueous solu-tion of Phosphinic acid is concentrated under reduced pressure.Concentrated baryta water may be used instead of calcium hydroxide.2. By treating sodium hypophosphite, NaH2PO2with an ion-exchange resin.The sodium salt may be produced by boiling white phosphorus with a solutionof sodium hydroxide, a reaction similar to (1) above.
PH3 + 2I2 + 2H2O → H3PO2 + 4HI
The above method may be considered safer than that involving heating whitephosphorus with an alkali.
Phosphinic acid must be stored below 50°C. It is sold commerciallyas an aqueous solution at various concentrations.

Production Methods
Phosphinic acid is formed by reaction of barium hypophosphite and sulfuric acid, and filtering off barium sulfate.
By evaporation of the solution in vacuum at 80 °C, and then cooling to 0°C, Phosphinic acid crystallizes.

Definition
A white crystalline solid. It is a monobasic acid forming the anion H2PO2 – in water.
The sodium salt, and hence the acid, can be prepared by heating yellow phosphorus with sodium hydroxide solution.
The free acid and its salts are powerful reducing agents.

Reactions
Phosphinic acid is miscible with water in all proportions and a commercial strength is 30% H3PO2. Hypophosphites are used in medicine.
Phosphinic acid is a powerful reducing agent, e.g., with copper sulfate forms cuprous hydride Cu2H2, brown precipitate, which evolves hydrogen gas and leaves copper on warming; with silver nitrate yields finely divided silver; with sulfurous acid yields sulfur and some hydrogen sulfide; with sulfuric acid yields sulfurous acid, which reacts as above; forms manganous immediately with permanganate.

General Description
Colorless oily liquid or deliquescent crystals with a sour odor. Density 1.439 g / cm3. Melting point 26.5°C.
Inhalation of vapors irritates or burns the respiratory tract. Liquid and vapors may irritate or burn eyes and skin.

Air & Water Reactions
Deliquescent. Water soluble.

Reactivity Profile
Phosphinic ACID decomposes when heated into phosphoric acid and spontaneously flammable phosphine. Phosphinic Acid is oxidized by sulfuric acid with release of sulfur dioxide and sulfur. Phosphinic Acid reacts explosively with mercury(II) oxide [Mellor, 1940, Vol. 4, 778]. Phosphinic Acid reacts violently with mercury(II) nitrate [Mellor, 1940, Vol. 4, 993]. Phosphinic Acid neutralizes bases in exothermic reactions.

Hazard
Fire and explosion risk in contact with oxidizing agents.

Health Hazard
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

Fire Hazard
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
Containers may explode when heated.

Purification Methods
Phosphorous acid is a common contaminant of commercial 50% Phosphinic acid.
Jenkins and Jones [J Am Chem Soc 74 1353 1952] purified this material by evaporating about 600mL in a 1L flask at 40o, under reduced pressure (in N2), to a volume of about 300mL. After the solution was cooled, it was transferred to a wide-mouthed Erlenmeyer flask which was stoppered and left in a Dry-ice/acetone bath for several hours to freeze (if necessary, with scratching of the wall). When the flask was then left at ca 5o for 12hours, about 30-40% of it liquefied, and was again filtered. This process was repeated, then the solid was stored over Mg(ClO4)2 in a vacuum desiccator in the cold. Subsequent crystallisations from n-butanol by dissolving it at room temperature and then cooling in an ice-salt bath at -20o did not appear to purify it further. The free acid forms deliquescent crystals m 26.5o and is soluble in H2O and EtOH. The NaH2PO2 salt can be purified through an anion exchange resin [Klement Z Anorg Allgem Chem 260 267 1949.]Phosphinic Acid Preparation Products And Raw materials


Raw materials
Resin column AMBERLITE(R) IRC-50


Preparation Products
4-IODOPYRIDINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID 3,5-diisopropylphenol cmtirust agent T-708 Sodium hypophosphite TRIS(2,2'-BIPYRIDYL)RUTHENIUM(II) CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE XANTHURENIC ACID

Phosphinic acid is an inorganic compound.
Phosphinic acid is a colourless, hygroscopic, crystalline solid, which is moderately soluble in water.
Phosphinic acid is colorless odorless solution.


CAS Number: 6303-21-5
EC Number: 228-601-5
MDL Number: MFCD02183592
Molecular Formula: H3O2P


Phosphinic acid is a phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to two hydrogens and a hydroxy group and via a double bond to an oxygen.
The parent of the class of phosphinic acids.


Phosphinic acid has a role as an antioxidant.
Phosphinic acid is a phosphorus oxoacid and a member of phosphinic acids.
Phosphinic acid is a conjugate acid of a phosphinate.


Free Phosphinic acid, H3PO2, is prepared by acidifying aqueous solutions of hypophosphite ions, H2PO2−.
For example, the solution remaining when phosphine is prepared from the reaction of white phosphorus and a base contains the H2PO2− ion.
If barium hydroxide (BaOH) is used as the base and the solution is acidified with sulfuric acid, barium sulfate, BaSO4, precipitates, and an aqueous solution of Phosphinic acid results.
Ba2+ + 2H2PO2− + 2H3O+ + SO42− → BaSO4 + 2H3PO2 + 2H2O


The pure acid cannot be isolated merely by evaporating the water, however, because of the easy oxidation of the Phosphinic acid to phosphoric acids (and elemental phosphorus) and its disproportionation to phosphine and phosphorous acid.
The pure acid can be obtained by extraction of its aqueous solution by diethyl ether, (C2H5)2O.


Pure Phosphinic acid forms white crystals that melt at 26.5 °C (79.7 °F).
The electronic structure of Phosphinic acid is such that it has only one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and it is thus a monoprotic oxyacid.
Phosphinic acid is a weak acid and forms only one series of salts, the hypophosphites.


Hydrated sodium hypophosphite, NaH2PO2 · H2O, is used as an industrial reducing agent, particularly for the electroless plating of nickel onto metals and nonmetals.
Phosphinic acid is a mineral acid with phosphorus in an oxidation state of +4.


Phosphinic acid has a chemical formula H4P2O6.
In the solid-state, it exists as a dihydrate, H4P2O6.2H2O.
Phosphinic acid can be manufactured by reacting red phosphorus with sodium chlorite at room temperature.


In this short piece of article, let us discuss the Phosphinic acid formula along with its chemical structure, properties and uses.
Phosphinic acid is a monoprotic phosphorus oxyacid and a powerful reducing agent with the molecular formula H3PO2.
Phosphinic acid is an oxyacid of phosphorus and a strong reducing agent with the molecular formula H3PO2.


Phosphinic acid is a colorless, low-melting compound soluble in water, dioxane, and alcohol.
The formula for Phosphinic acid is commonly written as H3PO2, but a more straightforward notation is HOP(O)H2, which emphasizes its monobasic nature.
Salts derived from this acid are called hypophosphites. HOP(O)H2 exists in equilibrium with the minor tautomer HP(OH)2.


In some cases, the minor tautomer is called Phosphinic acid and the major tautomer is called phosphinic acid.
Phosphinic acid is an inorganic compound.
Phosphinic acid is a colourless, hygroscopic, crystalline solid, which is moderately soluble in water.


Phosphinic acid is colorless odorless solution.
Phosphinic acid is a strong reducing agent
Phosphinic acid is a strong reducing agent.


Phosphinic acid is a phosphorus oxyacid and a powerful reducing agent with molecular formula H3PO2.
Phosphinic acid is a colorless low-melting compound, which is soluble in water, dioxane and alcohols.
The formula for Phosphinic acid is generally written H3PO2, but a more descriptive presentation is HOP(O)H2, which highlights its monoprotic character.


Salts derived from Phosphinic acid are called hypophosphites.
HOP(O)H2 exists in equilibrium with the minor tautomer HP(OH)2.
Sometimes the minor tautomer is called hypophosphorous acid and the major tautomer is called Phosphinic acid.
Phosphinic acid is an oxoacid of phosphorus.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PHOSPHINIC ACID:
Bleaching Agent: Phosphinic acid is used as a bleaching or decolorizing agent for plastics, synthetic fibers, and chemicals
Color Stabilizer: Phosphinic acidis used as a decolorizing agent and for color stabilization during the manufacture of chemicals and several plastics including: nylon fibers, polyamides, polyester fiber, polyacrilonitrile, alkyd rsins, epoxies, fatty acid esters, and glycerols.


Hypophosphite Salts: Phosphinic acid is used in the production of Hypophosphite Salts (i.e., Calcium, Magnesium, Manganese, Potassium, Iron, and Ammonium) which are in turn used in synthetic fibers as wetting dispersing, emulsifying, and anti-static agents
Chemical Intermediate: Phosphinic acid is used in organic synthesis and organo phosphinic acid production


Neturalizing Agent: Phosphinic acid is used as a moderately strong monobasic acid
Catalyst: Phosphinic acid is used as a polymerization and polycondensation catalyst
Wetting Agent: Phosphinic acid is used as a wetting, dispersing, or emulsifying agent in electroplating


Reducing Agent: Phosphinic acid may be used for its strong but slow reducing action
Antioxidant: Phosphinic acid may be used as an antioxidant
Pharmaceutical: Phosphinic acid may be used as a stimulant in pharmaceuticals.


Phosphinic acid is used to make hypophosphites and in electroplating baths.
Phosphinic acid is used prevention of discoloration of fat and resins, reducing agent, catalyst and surface preparation agent.
Phosphinic acid is used as a bleaching agent


Phosphinic acid is used as tetrabasic acid.
Phosphinic acid is used as a wetting agent
Phosphinic acid is used as a stimulant in pharmaceutical agents.


Phosphinic acid is used industrially for electroless nickel plating and has a variety of organic chemistry applications.
Owing to its ability to function as a mild reducing agent and oxygen scavenger it is sometimes used as an additive in Fischer esterification reactions, where Phosphinic acid prevents the formation of colored impurities.


Phosphinic acid is used to prepare phosphinic acid derivatives.
Phosphinic acid (and its salts) are used to reduce metal salts back into bulk metals.
Phosphinic acid is effective for various transition metals ions (i.e. those of: Co, Cu, Ag, Mn, Pt) but is most commonly used to reduce nickel.


This forms the basis of electroless nickel plating (Ni–P), which is the single largest industrial application of hypophosphites.
For this application Phosphinic acid is principally used as a salt (sodium hypophosphite).
Phosphinic acid is used as a chain transfer agent in aqueous polymerizations.



PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHINIC ACID:
*Strong chemical reducer
*High purity material
*Stable material



PREPARATION OF PHOSPHINIC ACID:
Phosphinic acid is prepared by hydrolysis and oxidation of red phosphorus by NaOCl, or white phosphorus by water and air.
2 P + 4 NaClO2 + 2 H2O → H4P2O6 + 2 NaCl

There are no P-H bonds and so this acid is not a reducing agent.
Phosphinic acid has four acidic hydrogens.
Phosphinic acid contains P-P bond.



PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHINIC ACID:
The molecule displays P(═O)H to P–OH tautomerism similar to that of phosphorous acid; the P(═O) form is strongly favoured.
Phosphinic acid is usually supplied as a 50% aqueous solution and heating at low temperatures (up to about 90°C) prompts it to react with water to form phosphorous acid and hydrogen gas.

H3PO2 + H2O → H3PO3 + H2
Heating above 110°C causes Phosphinic acid to undergo disproportionation to give phosphorous acid and phosphine.
3 H3PO2 → 2 H3PO3 + PH3



REACTIONS OF PHOSPHINIC ACID:
Inorganic:
Phosphinic acid can reduce chromium(III) oxide to chromium(II) oxide:
H3PO2 + 2 Cr2O3 → 4 CrO + H3PO4

Inorganic derivatives:
Most metal-hypophosphite complexes are unstable, owing to the tendency of hypophosphites to reduce metal cations back into the bulk metal.
Some examples have been characterised, including the important nickel salt [Ni(H2O)6](H2PO2)2.



ORGANIC, PHOSPHINIC ACID:
In organic chemistry, H3PO2 can be used for the reduction of arenediazonium salts, converting ArN+2 to Ar–H.
When diazotized in a concentrated solution of Phosphinic acid, an amine substituent can be removed from arenes.



PREPARATION AND AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHINIC ACID:
Phosphinic acid was first prepared in 1816 by the French chemist Pierre Louis Dulong (1785–1838).
Phosphinic acid is prepared industrially via a two step process: Firstly, elemental white phosphorus reacts with alkali and alkaline earth hydroxides to give an aqueous solution of hypophosphites:

P4 + 4 OH− + 4 H2O → 4 H2PO− 2 + 2 H2
Any phosphites produced in this step can be selectively precipitated out by treatment with calcium salts.
The purified material is then treated with a strong, non-oxidizing acid (often sulfuric acid) to give the free Phosphinic acid:

H2PO−2 + H+ → H3PO2
Phosphinic acid is usually supplied as a 50% aqueous solution.
Anhydrous acid cannot be obtained by simple evaporation of the water, as the acid readily oxidises to phosphorous acid and phosphoric acid and also disproportionates to phosphorous acid and phosphine.
Pure anhydrous Phosphinic acid can be formed by the continuous extraction of aqueous solutions with diethyl ether.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PHOSPHINIC ACID:
Molecular Weight: 65.996 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -1.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 65.98706633 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 65.98706633 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 3
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 10.3
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Chemical formula: H3PO2
Molar mass: 66.00 g/mol
Appearance: colorless, deliquescent crystals or oily liquid
Density: 1.493 g/cm3, 1.22 g/cm3 (50 wt% aq. solution)
Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Assay (T): min. 30-32%
Chloride (CI): max. 0.02%
Sulphate (SO4): max. 0.02%
Iron (Fe): max. 0.002%
Melting point: 26.5 °C (79.7 °F; 299.6 K)
Boiling point: 130 °C (266 °F; 403 K) decomposes
Solubility in water: miscible
Solubility: very soluble in alcohol, ether
Acidity (pKa): 1.2
Conjugate base: Phosphinate
Structure:
Molecular shape: pseudo-tetrahedral

Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: Not applicable
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 1,0 at 500 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility at 20 °C: soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,206 g/cm3 at 25 °C

Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Name: Hypophosphoric Acid
Other Names: Diphosphoric Acid
Appearance: White Solid
Chemical Formula: H4P2O6
Melting Point: 54 °C
Molar Mass: 161.98 g/mol
Solubility in Water: Soluble
Molecular weight: 66.00
Molecular Formula: H3PO2
Rational Formula: H3PO2
EINECS: 228-601-5
UN Number: 3264
ACXID: X1002175-1

Appearance: Viscous liquid
R_Phrase: R:34
S_Phrase: S:26-36/37/39-45
Odor: Acetylene odor
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
soluble in ( > mg / ml ) H2O
Density: ρ(20 ℃)1.2g/ml
Boiling point: 108 °C (1013 hPa) (decomposition)
Density: 1.21 - 1.26 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: pH value: 1 (H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 30 hPa (20 °C)
Chemical formula: H3PO3
Molecular mass: 66.00
CAS NO.: 6303-21-5
Appearance: Colorless or pale yellow liquid
PH: 1.4
Solubility: 50%
Specific gravity: 1.22



FIRST AID MEASURES of PHOSPHINIC ACID:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PHOSPHINIC ACID:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PHOSPHINIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PHOSPHINIC ACID:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PHOSPHINIC ACID:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
No metal containers.
Tightly closed.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8B: Non-combustible,



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PHOSPHINIC ACID:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Phosphinic acid
Hydroxy(oxo)-λ5-phosphane
Hydroxy-λ5-phosphanone
Oxo-λ5-phosphanol
Oxo-λ5-phosphinous acid
Phosphonous acid (for minor tautomer)
hydroxy(oxo)phosphanium
H3PO2
Hypophosphorous acid (NF)
Hypophosphorous acid [NF]
hydrophosphorous acid
hypo phosphorous acid
hypo-phosphorous acid
HPH2O2
dihydridodioxophosphoric acid
H2PO(OH)
dihydridohydroxidooxidophosphorus
[PH2(OH)O]
[PH2O(OH)]
HSDB 8373
DTXSID90873902
ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
hydrogen dihydridodioxophosphate(1-)
MFCD02183592
AKOS015892821
AKOS030228788
C05339
D02334
Hypophosphorous acid (VAN)
Hypophosphorus acid
Phosphine oxide, hydroxy-
Phosphonous acid (VAN)
Phosphinic acid
UN3264

PCA; Phosphino carboxylic acid; POCA; dispersant PCA; Copolymer of Phosphono and carboxylic Acid; CAS NO. : 71050-62-9

PHOSPHINO CARBOXYLIC ACID 50% Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 Properties: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) associates characteristics of phosphonates as well as polyacrylates. The function is to provide a special equilibrium of limit inhibition and also dispersancy. The PCA has good tolerance to chlorine. And it is also compatible with a lot of microbiological control agents. One more thing to note, Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) can not be affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides in standard. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 Mechanism of Action: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 inhibits scale buildup on surfaces through at least three mechanisms. (More details, click here.) Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) Connect Chemicals is well recognized in the market as expert and capable partner for water treatment additives. Thanks to Connect Chemicals engineer experience we've developed a polymers series for water treatment including our Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA). Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) provides greater flexibility and better performance in developing multiple antiscalant programs for a variety of scales found in boiler systems, foods plants, and cleaning applications. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is a multifunctional product that provides the benefits of many separate products, including: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is soluble/miscible in Water and Ethylene glycol in all proportions. The product is soluble in Caustic Soda (46%). If diluted with Methanol, a precipitation may occur. pH range: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) can be used without pH limitations. It does not form insoluble sodium or potassium salts. The product is hydrolytically stable and can be incorporated into concentrated formulations regardless of the final pH. Temperature: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is stable at temperatures up to 200°C. Oxidizing agent: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is not affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides in standard Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) (CAS 71050-62-9) Market Research Report 2017 - Research and Markets The "Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) (CAS 71050-62-9) Market Research Report 2017" report has been added to Research and Markets' offering. “Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) (CAS 71050-62-9) Market Research Report 2017” Tweet this This Global Report 2017 is a result of industry experts' diligent work on researching the world market of Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA). The report helps to build up a clear view of the market (trends and prospects), identify major players in the industry, and estimate main downstream sectors. The first chapter introduces the product by providing review of the most of its characteristics (composition, structure, hazards, storage, toxicological & ecological information, etc.). The second chapter focuses on Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) end-uses, the third one gives summary on a number of patents. The fourth chapter deals with Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) market trends review, distinguish Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) manufacturers and suppliers. The chapter 5 summarizes Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) prices data. The last chapter analyses Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) downstream markets. The Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) global market report 2017 key points: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) description, its application areas and related patterns Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) market situation Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) manufacturers and distributors Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) prices (by region and provided by market players) Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) end-uses breakdown Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) downstream industries trends Key Topics Covered: 1. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1. General information, synonyms 1.2. Composition, chemical structure 1.3. Safety information 1.4. Hazards identification 1.5. Handling and storage 2. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) APPLICATION 3. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) PATENTS 4. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) MARKET WORLDWIDE 4.1. General Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) market situation, trends 4.2. Manufacturers of Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) 4.3. Suppliers of Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) 4.4. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) market forecast Product Description Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) provides greater flexibility and better performance in developing multiple antiscalant programs for a variety of scales found in boiler systems, foods plants, and cleaning applications. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is not affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides in standard. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search "COOH" redirects here. For the Bulgarian musician, see Ivan Shopov. Structure of a Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 Carboxylate Anion 3D structure of a Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 A Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(=O)OH)[1] attached to an R-group. The general formula of a Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 is R–COOH, with R referring to the alkyl group. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids. Deprotonation of a Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 gives a carboxylate anion. Examples and nomenclature Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are commonly identified by their trivial names. They often have the suffix -ic acid. IUPAC-recommended names also exist; in this system, Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s have an -oic acid suffix.[2] For example, butyric acid (C3H7CO2H) is butanoic acid by IUPAC guidelines. For nomenclature of complex molecules containing a Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50, the carboxyl can be considered position one of the parent chain even if there are other substituents, such as 3-chloropropanoic acid. Alternately, it can be named as a "carboxy" or "Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50" substituent on another parent structure, such as 2-carboxyfuran. The carboxylate anion (R–COO− or RCO2−) of a Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 is usually named with the suffix -ate, in keeping with the general pattern of -ic acid and -ate for a conjugate acid and its conjugate base, respectively. For example, the conjugate base of acetic acid is acetate. Carbonic acid, which occurs in bicarbonate buffer systems in nature, is not generally classed as one of the Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s, despite that it has a moiety that looks like a COOH group. Straight-chain, saturated Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s Other Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s Compound class Members unsaturated monoPhosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s acrylic acid (2-propenoic acid) – CH2=CHCOOH, used in polymer synthesis Fatty acids medium to long-chain saturated and unsaturated monoPhosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s, with even number of carbons, examples: docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (nutritional supplements) Aromatic Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s containing at least one aromatic ring, examples: benzoic acid – the sodium salt of benzoic acid is used as a food preservative, salicylic acid – a beta-hydroxy type found in many skin-care products, phenyl alkanoic acids – the class of compounds where a phenyl group is attached to a Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 DiPhosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s containing two carboxyl groups, examples: adipic acid the monomer used to produce nylon and aldaric acid – a family of sugar acids TriPhosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s containing three carboxyl groups, examples: citric acid – found in citrus fruits and isocitric acid Solubility Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are polar. Because they are both hydrogen-bond acceptors (the carbonyl –C=O) and hydrogen-bond donors (the hydroxyl –OH), they also participate in hydrogen bonding. Together, the hydroxyl and carbonyl group form the functional group carboxyl. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s usually exist as dimers in nonpolar media due to their tendency to "self-associate". Smaller Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s (1 to 5 carbons) are soluble in water, whereas bigger Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s have limited solubility due to the increasing hydrophobic nature of the alkyl chain. These longer chain acids tend to be soluble in less-polar solvents such as ethers and alcohols.[3] Aqueous sodium hydroxide and Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s, even hydrophobic ones, react to yield water-soluble sodium salts. For example, enathic acid has a low solubility in water (0.2 g/L), but its sodium salt is very soluble in water. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s tend to have higher boiling points than water, because of their greater surface areas and their tendency to form stabilised dimers through hydrogen bonds. For boiling to occur, either the dimer bonds must be broken or the entire dimer arrangement must be vaporised, increasing the enthalpy of vaporization requirements significantly. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 dimers Acidity Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are Brønsted–Lowry acids because they are proton (H+) donors. They are the most common type of organic acid. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are typically weak acids, meaning that they only partially dissociate into H3O+ cations and RCOO− anions in neutral aqueous solution. For example, at room temperature, in a 1-molar solution of acetic acid, only 0.4% of the acid are dissociated. Electron-withdrawing substituents, such as -CF3 group, give stronger acids (the pKa of formic acid is 3.75 whereas trifluoroacetic acid, with a trifluoromethyl substituent, has a pKa of 0.23). Electron-donating substituents give weaker acids (the pKa of formic acid is 3.75 whereas acetic acid, with a methyl substituent, has a pKa of 4.76) Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50[4] pKa Deprotonation of Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s gives carboxylate anions; these are resonance stabilized, because the negative charge is delocalized over the two oxygen atoms, increasing the stability of the anion. Each of the carbon–oxygen bonds in the carboxylate anion has a partial double-bond character. The carbonyl carbon's partial positive charge is also weakened by the -1/2 negative charges on the 2 oxygen atoms. Odour Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s often have strong sour odours. Esters of Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s tend to have pleasant odours, and many are used in perfume. Characterization Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are readily identified as such by infrared spectroscopy. They exhibit a sharp band associated with vibration of the C–O vibration bond (νC=O) between 1680 and 1725 cm−1. A characteristic νO–H band appears as a broad peak in the 2500 to 3000 cm−1 region.[3] By 1H NMR spectrometry, the hydroxyl hydrogen appears in the 10–13 ppm region, although it is often either broadened or not observed owing to exchange with traces of water. Occurrence and applications Many Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are produced industrially on a large scale. They are also frequently found in nature. Esters of fatty acids are the main components of lipids and polyamides of aminoPhosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are the main components of proteins. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are used in the production of polymers, pharmaceuticals, solvents, and food additives. Industrially important Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s include acetic acid (component of vinegar, precursor to solvents and coatings), acrylic and methacrylic acids (precursors to polymers, adhesives), adipic acid (polymers), citric acid (a flavor and preservative in food and beverages), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (chelating agent), fatty acids (coatings), maleic acid (polymers), propionic acid (food preservative), terephthalic acid (polymers). Important carboxylate salts are soaps. Synthesis Industrial routes In general, industrial routes to Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s differ from those used on a smaller scale because they require specialized equipment. Oxidation of hydrocarbons using air. For simple alkanes, this method is inexpensive but not selective enough to be useful. Allylic and benzylic compounds undergo more selective oxidations. Alkyl groups on a benzene ring are oxidized to the Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50, regardless of its chain length. Benzoic acid from toluene, terephthalic acid from para-xylene, and phthalic acid from ortho-xylene are illustrative large-scale conversions. Acrylic acid is generated from propene.[5] Hydrolysis of triglycerides obtained from plant or animal oils. These methods of synthesizing some long-chain Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are related to soap making. Many reactions produce Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s but are used only in specific cases or are mainly of academic interest. Reactions Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 organic reactions The most widely practiced reactions convert Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s into esters, amides, carboxylate salts, acid chlorides, and alcohols. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s react with bases to form carboxylate salts, in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl (–OH) group is replaced with a metal cation. For example, acetic acid found in vinegar reacts with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to form sodium acetate, carbon dioxide, and water: CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COO−Na+ + CO2 + H2O Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s also react with alcohols to give esters. This process is widely used, e.g. in the production of polyesters. Likewise, Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are converted into amides, but this conversion typically does not occur by direct reaction of the Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 and the amine. Instead esters are typical precursors to amides. The conversion of amino acids into peptides is a significant biochemical process that requires ATP. The hydroxyl group on Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s may be replaced with a chlorine atom using thionyl chloride to give acyl chlorides. In nature, Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are converted to thioesters. Reduction Like esters, most of Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 can be reduced to alcohols by hydrogenation or using hydride or alkyl transferring agents (since they will deprotonate the acids instead[further explanation needed] without transfer) such as lithium aluminium hydride or Grignard reagents (organolithium compounds). N,N-Dimethyl(chloromethylene)ammonium chloride (ClHC=N+(CH3)2Cl−) is a highly chemoselective agent for Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 reduction. It selectively activates the Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 to give the carboxymethyleneammonium salt, which can be reduced by a mild reductant like lithium tris(t-butoxy)aluminum hydride to afford an aldehyde in a one pot procedure. This procedure is known to tolerate reactive carbonyl functionalities such as ketone as well as moderately reactive ester, olefin, nitrile, and halide moieties.[7] The Schmidt reaction converts Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s to amines. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are decarboxylated in the Hunsdiecker reaction. The Dakin–West reaction converts an amino acid to the corresponding amino ketone. In the Barbier–Wieland degradation, an Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 on an aliphatic chain having a simple the methylene bridge at the alpha position can have the chain shortened by one carbon. The inverse procedure is the Arndt–Eistert synthesis, where an acid is converted into acyl halide, which is then reacted with diazomethane to give one additional methylene in the aliphatic chain. Many acids undergo oxidative decarboxylation. Enzymes that catalyze these reactions are known as carboxylases (EC 6.4.1) and decarboxylases (EC 4.1.1). Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are reduced to aldehydes via the ester and DIBAL, via the acid chloride in the Rosenmund reduction and via the thioester in the Fukuyama reduction. In ketonic decarboxylation Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are converted to ketones. Organolithium reagents (>2 equiv) react with Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s to give a dilithium 1,1-diolate, a stable tetrahedral intermediate which decomposes to give a ketone upon acidic workup. has media related to Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s. Wikiquote has quotations related to: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 List of Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s DiPhosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 Pseudoacid Thiocarboxy Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 water reducing agent and preparation method thereof Abstract The invention relates to a water reducing agent for concrete and a preparation method, and particularly relates to a Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 water reducing agent and a preparation method thereof. The Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 water reducing agent is formed by polymerizing a large monomer, a phosphorus-containing compound, a small monomer and an initiator through a free radial polymerization reaction; the raw materials are as follows in percentage by mole: 15-30% of large monomer, 1-8% of phosphorus-containing compound, 65-80% of small monomer, 1-5% of initiator and the balance of water; and the preparation method comprises the following steps: enabling the raw materials to react for 3-6 hours at 40-85 DEG C; cooling to 35-40 DEG C; and adding an alkaline compound to adjust the pH value to neutrality, wherein the product is the Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 water reducing agent. The Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 water reducing agent provided by the invention shows good water reducing property and collapse resistance in the concrete with different content of mud and powder/mud sand samples; and the working performance of the concrete with different content of powder/mud can be realized in normal compounding process, and the quality of the concrete can be guaranteed. Application: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 has advantages in a wide range of water quality, chemical stability, strong chlorine tolerance, etc. Engineers use it as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water system. And also found in the oilfield refill water system. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) Connect Chemicals is well recognized in the market as expert and capable partner for water treatment additives. Thanks to Connect Chemicals engineer experience we've developed a polymers series for water treatment including our Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA). Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) provides greater flexibility and better performance in developing multiple antiscalant programs for a variety of scales found in boiler systems, foods plants, and cleaning applications. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is a multifunctional product that provides the benefits of many separate products, including: Solubility: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is soluble/miscible in Water and Ethylene glycol in all proportions. The product is soluble in Caustic Soda (46%). If diluted with Methanol, a precipitation may occur. pH range: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) can be used without pH limitations. It does not form insoluble sodium or potassium salts. The product is hydrolytically stable and can be incorporated into concentrated formulations regardless of the final pH. Temperature: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is stable at temperatures up to 200°C. Oxidizing agent: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is not affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides in standard Detailed information on the product described can be found in our relevant Health and Safety Information (Material Safety Data Sheet). Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 Through the introduction of phosphonic group into carboxylic group, PCA has good dispersion property for scale of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate in circulating cool water system. It has good scale inhibition for barium sulfate, strontium sulfate and silica scale.PCA has advantages in wide range of water quality, chemical stability, strong chlorine tolerance, etc. PCA can be used as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water system and oilfield refill water system.Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) provides greater flexibility and better performance in developing multiple antiscalant programs for a variety of scales found in boiler systems, foods plants, and cleaning applications. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is a multifunctional product that provides the benefits of many separate products, including: CHEMICAL and PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is soluble/miscible in Water and Ethylene glycol in all proportions. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) can be used without pH limitations. It does not form insoluble sodium or potassium salts. The product is hydrolytically stable and can be incorporated into concentrated formulations regardless of the final pH. Temperature: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is stable at temperatures up to 200°C. Oxidizing agent: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is not affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides in standard

cas no: 34036-80-1 Phenyl tris(MEKO)silane; Phenyltris(butanone oximido)silane; Tris(methylethylketoxime)phenylsilane; PHENYLTRIS(METHYLETHYLKETOXIMIO)SILANE; PHENYLTRIS(METHYLETHYLKETOXIMINO)SILANE; PHENYL TRIS METHYLETHYL KETOXIME SILANE; 2-Butanone, O,O,O-(phenylsilylidyne)trioxime; PHENYLTRIS(METHYLETHYLKETOXIMINO)SILANE, tech-95; Phenyl Oximino Silane. Phenyltris(MEKO)silane.

SynonymsPCA;belsperse 164;phosphino carboxylic acid;Phaseolus coccineus agglutinin;Phosphino Carboxylic Acid(PCA);Phosphino Carboxilic Acid (PCA);Poly (acrylic acid-co-hypophosphite) sodium salt;2-Propenoic acid,polyMer with sodiuM phosphinate (1:1) cas : 71050-62-9

Phosphonic acid, also known as phosphorous acid, is a moderately strong inorganic acid.
Phosphonic acid, or phosphorous acid, is a diprotic phosphorus oxoacid that exists as two tautomers while in solution.


CAS Number: 13598-36-2
EC Number: 237-066-7
MDL number: MFCD00137258
EC Name: Phosphonic acid
Molecular formula: H3O3P


Phosphonic acid is the compound described by the formula H3PO3.
Phosphonic acid is diprotic (readily ionizes two protons), not triprotic as might be suggested by this formula.
Phosphonic acid is an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorus compounds.


Organic derivatives of Phosphonic acid, compounds with the formula RPO3H2, are called phosphonic acids.
The most important use of Phosphonic acid is the production of basic lead phosphite, which is a stabilizer in PVC and related chlorinated polymers.
Ferrous materials, including steel, may be somewhat protected by promoting oxidation ("rust") and then converting the oxidation to a metalophosphate by using phosphoric acid and further protected by surface coating.


Phosphonic acid, also known as phosphorous acid, is a moderately strong inorganic acid.
Phosphonic acid, or phosphorous acid, is a diprotic phosphorus oxoacid that exists as two tautomers while in solution.
Phosphonic acid is a pyridinyl biphosphonate bone resorption inhibitor.


Phosphonic acid which is also called phosphonic acid is a colourless oxyacids of phosphorus.
Phosphonic acid is produced in the form of a white volatile powder by the slow combustion of phosphorus.
Phosphonic acid's salts are called phosphates.
Phosphonic acid is conveniently prepared by allowing phosphorous trichloride to react with water.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PHOSPHONIC ACID:
Phosphonic acid is used in the production of basic lead phosphonate PVC stabilizer, aminomethylene phosphonic acid and hydroxyethane diphosphonic acid.
Phosphonic acid is used as a strong reducing agent.
Phosphonic acid is used in the production of raw materials of phosphorous acid, synthetic fibres and organophosphorus pesticides etc.


Phosphonic acid is used in the production of high efficient water treatment agent amino trimethylene phosphonic acid.
Phosphonic acid's industrial applications include use in the production of basic lead phosphite and controlling plant diseases.
The most important use of phosphonic acid is the production of phosphites (phosphonates) which are used in water treatment.


Phosphites have shown effectiveness in controlling a variety of plant diseases, in particular, treatment using either trunk injection or foliar containing phosphorous acid salts is indicated in response to infections by phytophthora and pythium-type plant pathogens (both within class oomycetes, known as water molds), such as dieback/root rot and downy mildew.


Phosphonic Acid is also used for preparing phosphite salts, such as potassium phosphite.
These salts, as well as aqueous solutions of pure Phosphonic acid, are fungicides.
Phosphonic acid is used primarily for the production of phosphonates and phosphate salts.


These derivatives are used in a number of antimicrobial applications.
In industrial synthesis PCl3 is sprayed into steam at 190oC the heat of reaction is used to distill off the hydrogen chloride and excess water vapour.
Phosphonic acid is used as a reagent in the synthesis of Risedronic Acid Sodium Salt.


Phosphonic acid is used in the production of basic lead phosphonate PVC stabilizer, aminomethylene phosphonic acid and hydroxyethane diphosphonic acid.
Phosphonic acid is also used as a strong reducing agent and in the production of phosphorous acid, synthetic fibres, organophosphorus pesticides, and the highly efficient water treatment agent ATMP.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHONIC ACID:
Phosphonic acid has strong reducing properties it tends to be converted to phosphoric acid.
On being heated dry Phosphonic acid disproportionates to give phosphine and phosphoric acid.
H3PO3 + 3H3PO3 → PH3 + 3H3PO4
Phosphonic acid reacts with a base like sodium hydroxide forms sodium phosphate and water.
H3PO3 + 3NaOH → Na3PO3 + 3H2O



NOMENCLATURE AND TAUTOMERISM OF PHOSPHONIC ACID:
Solid HP(O)(OH)2 has tetrahedral geometry about the central phosphorus atom, with a P–H bond of 132 pm, one P=O double bond of 148 pm and two longer P–OH single bonds of 154 pm.
In common with other phosphorus oxides with P-H bonds (e.g.hypophosphorous acid and dialkyl phosphites), Phosphonic acid exists in equilibrium with an extremely minor tautomer P(OH)3.

(In contrast, arsenous acid's major tautomer is the trihydroxy form.)
IUPAC recommends that P(OH)3 be called Phosphonic acid, whereas the dihydroxy form HP(O)(OH)2 is called phosphonic acid.
Only the reduced phosphorus compounds are spelled with an "ous" ending.
PIII(OH)3 ⇌ HPV(O)(OH)2 K = 1010.3 (25°C, aqueous)



PREPARATION OF PHOSPHONIC ACID:
On an industrial scale, the acid is prepared by hydrolysis of phosphorus trichloride with water or steam:
PCl3 + 3 H2O → HPO(OH)2 + 3 HCl
HPO(OH)2 could be produced by the hydrolysis of phosphorus trioxide:
P4O6 + 6 H2O → 4 HPO(OH)2



REACTIONS OF PHOSPHONIC ACID:
Acid–base properties
Phosphorous acid has a pKa in the range 1.26–1.3.

HP(O)(OH)2 → HP(O)2(OH)− + H+ pKa = 1.3
Phosphonic acid is a diprotic acid, the hydrogenphosphite ion, HP(O)2(OH)− is a weak acid:

HP(O)2(OH)− → HPO2−3 + H+ pKa = 6.7
The conjugate base HP(O)2(OH)− is called hydrogen phosphite, and the second conjugate base, HPO2−3, is the phosphite ion.
(Note that the IUPAC recommendations are hydrogen phosphonate and phosphonate respectively).

The hydrogen atom bonded directly to the phosphorus atom is not readily ionizable.
Chemistry examinations often test students' appreciation of the fact that not all three hydrogen atoms are acidic under aqueous conditions, in contrast with H3PO4.



REDOX PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHONIC ACID:
On heating at 200 °C, Phosphonic acid disproportionates to phosphoric acid and phosphine:
4 H3PO3 → 3 H3PO4 + PH3
This reaction is used for laboratory-scale preparations of PH3.

Phosphonic acid slowly oxidizes in air to phosphoric acid.
Both Phosphonic acid and its deprotonated forms are good reducing agents, although not necessarily quick to react.
They are oxidized to phosphoric acid or its salts.

Phosphonic acid reduces solutions of noble metal cations to the metals.
When Phosphonic acid is treated with a cold solution of mercuric chloride, a white precipitate of mercurous chloride forms:

H3PO3 + 2 HgCl2 + H2O → Hg2Cl2 + H3PO4 + 2 HCl
Mercurous chloride is reduced further by Phosphonic acid to mercury on heating or on standing:
H3PO3 + Hg2Cl2 + H2O → 2 Hg + H3PO4 + 2 HCl



AS A LIGAND, PHOSPHONIC ACID:
Upon treatment with metals of d6 configuration, Phosphonic acid is known to coordinate as the otherwise rare P(OH)3 tautomer.
Examples include Mo(CO)5(P(OH)3) and [Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(P(OH)3)]2+.
Heating a mixture of potassium tetrachloroplatinate and Phosphonic acid gives the luminescent salt potassium diplatinum(II) tetrakispyrophosphite:
2 K2PtCl4 + 8 H3PO3 → K4[Pt2(HO2POPO2H)4] + 8 HCl + 4 H2O



ORGANIC DERIVATIVES OF PHOSPHONIC ACID:
The IUPAC (mostly organic) name is phosphonic acid.
This nomenclature is commonly reserved for substituted derivatives, that is, organic group bonded to phosphorus, not simply an ester.
For example, (CH3)PO(OH)2 is "methylphosphonic acid", which may of course form "methylphosphonate" esters.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PHOSPHONIC ACID:
Chemical formula: H3PO3
Molar mass: 81.99 g/mol
Appearance: white solid deliquescent
Density: 1.651 g/cm3 (21 °C)
Melting point: 73.6 °C (164.5 °F; 346.8 K)
Boiling point: 200 °C (392 °F; 473 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: 310 g/100 mL
Solubility: soluble in ethanol
Acidity (pKa): 1.1, 6.7
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −42.5·10−6 cm3/mol
Odour: Sour odour
Appearance: White solid, deliquescent
Covalently-Bonded Unit: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor: 3
Complexity: 8
Solubility: Soluble in water
Physical state flakes
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 63 - 74 °C at 1.013 hPa

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 259 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: not auto-flammable
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: at 20 °C acidic
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not applicable for inorganic substances
Vapor pressure < 0,1 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,651 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: The product has been shown not to be oxidizing
Other safety information: No data available




FIRST AID MEASURES of PHOSPHONIC ACID:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most), avoid vomiting (risk of perforation).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PHOSPHONIC ACID:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PHOSPHONIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PHOSPHONIC ACID:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PHOSPHONIC ACID:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
No metal containers.
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Store under inert gas.
Air sensitive.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PHOSPHONIC ACID:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Phosphonic acid
Phosphorous acid
Dihydroxyphosphine oxide
Dihydroxy(oxo)-λ5-phosphane
Dihydroxy-λ5-phosphanone
Orthophosphorous acid
Oxo-λ5-phosphanediol
Oxo-λ5-phosphonous acid
Metaphosphoroic acid

Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is an oxoacid of phosphorus with an oxidation number of +3, whose chemical formula is H3PO3.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid)'s molecular weight is 82.00 g/mol and its density is 1.65 g/cm3.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is obtained by hydrolysis of phosphorus trichloride.


CAS Number: 13598-36-2
EC Number: 237-066-7
MDL number: MFCD00137258
Molecular formula: H3O3P



Phosphonic acid, Phosphorous acid, Dihydroxyphosphine oxide, Dihydroxy(oxo)-λ5-phosphane, Dihydroxy-λ5-phosphanone, Orthophosphorous acid, Oxo-λ5-phosphanediol, Oxo-λ5-phosphonous acid, Metaphosphoroic acid, Phosphonic acid, Phosphorous acid, Dihydroxyphosphine oxide, Dihydroxy(oxo)-λ5-phosphane, Dihydroxy-λ5-phosphanone, Orthophosphorous acid, Oxo-λ5-phosphanediol, Oxo-λ5-phosphonous acid, Metaphosphoroic acid, Phosphonsaeure, phosphorige Saeure, trihydroxidophosphorus, Phosphorous acid, ortho, O-PHOSPHOROUS ACID, trioxophosphoric(3-) acid, H2PHO3, (HO)2HPO, HPO(OH)2, hydridodihydroxidooxidophosphorus, (PHO(OH)2), P(OH)3, trihydrogen trioxophosphate(3-), DTXCID5015511, DTXCID6029674, hydridotrioxophosphoric(2-) acid, (P(OH)3), dihydrogen hydridotrioxophosphate(2-), PHOSPHONIC ACID, PHOSPHORUS ACID, Phosphorous acid 99%, Phosphonsure, Phospohorous acid, Phosphorous Acid Crystal, AURORA KA-1076, orthophosphorus, ORTHOPHOSPHOROUS, Phosphorous acid,



Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is the compound described by the formula H3PO3.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is diprotic (readily ionizes two protons), not triprotic as might be suggested by this formula.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorus compounds.


Organic derivatives of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid), compounds with the formula RPO3H2, are called phosphonic acids.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) which is also called phosphonic acid is a colourless oxyacids of phosphorus.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is produced in the form of a white volatile powder by the slow combustion of phosphorus.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid)'s salts are called phosphates.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is conveniently prepared by allowing phosphorous trichloride to react with water.
In inorganic chemistry, Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a phosphorus oxoacid with a formula of H3PO3, more commonly known as phosphorous acid.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) exists in solution as two tautomers, the major one being HP(O)(OH)2 and the minor one P(OH)3.
The former is sometimes termed Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid), with the latter designated as phosphorous acid.
In organic chemistry, a Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a compound with the general formula RP(O)(OH)2.


An example of an organic Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is Foscarnet.
An oligophosphonic acid refers to a few molecules of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) condensed into a molecule with the loss of water.
A general formula for such oligophosphonic acids is (HPO)nOn-1(OH)2, where n = 2, 3, 4, etc., oligo-.


A polyphosphonic acid can have dozens of such Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) units condensed in a row with the loss of H2O for each unit added on.
An example that incorporates triphosphonic acid: ethane-1,1,2-triphosphonic acid.
In some phosphonic anhydrides (RPO2)3, R can be tBu, 2-methylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a common inorganic acid with the chemical formula H3PO4.
The appearance of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is colorless, transparent and syrupy liquid.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is odorless, sour, easily soluble in water and ethanol, etc.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) appears as a white or yellow crystalline solid (melting point 70.1 deg C) or a solution of the solid.
Density of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is 1.651 g /cm3 .
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a diprotic phosphorus oxoacid that exists as two tautomers while in solution.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is the compound described by the formula H3PO3.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is one of the oxoacids of phosphorus, other important members being phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2).
Note that only the reduced phosphorus compounds are spelled with an "ous" ending.


Other names for this acid are orthophosphorous acid and dihydroxyphosphine oxide.
HP(O)(OH)2 is the product of the hydrolysis of its acid anhydride, P4O6: P4O6 + 6 H2O → 4 HP(O)(OH)2
An analogous relationship connects H3PO4 and P4O10.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is an oxoacid of phosphorus with an oxidation number of +3, whose chemical formula is H3PO3.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid)'s molecular weight is 82.00 g/mol and its density is 1.65 g/cm3.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is obtained by hydrolysis of phosphorus trichloride.


In solution, it shows tautomerism with Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid).
In organophosphorus chemistry, Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is the generic name for a series of organophosphorus compounds with the general formula R-P(=O)(OH )2, where R is an organic group.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid), H3PO3, is diprotic (readily ionizes two protons), not triprotic as might be suggested by this formula.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is as an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorous compounds.
Because preparation and uses of “Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid)” actually pertain more to the major tautomer, phosphonic acid, it is more often referred to as “phosphorous acid”.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) has the chemical formula H3PO3, which is best expressed as HPO(OH)2 to show its diprotic character.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a phosphorus oxoacid.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a conjugate acid of a dihydrogenphosphite.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a tautomer of a phosphonic acid.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is deliquescent.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) absorbs oxygen from the air very readily to form phosphoric acid.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is soluble in water.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a non flammable.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a common inorganic acid with the chemical formula H3PO4.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
The most important use of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is the production of basic lead phosphite, which is a stabilizer in PVC and related chlorinated polymers.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is also used in preparing PMIDA which is a very important intermediate of herbicide glyphosate.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used in the production of basic lead phosphonate PVC stabilizer, aminomethylene phosphonic acid and hydroxyethane diphosphonic acid.
It is also used as a strong reducing agent and in the production of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid), synthetic fibres, organophosphorus pesticides, and the highly efficient water treatment agent ATMP.


Ferrous materials, including steel, may be somewhat protected by promoting oxidation ("rust") and then converting the oxidation to a metalophosphate by using phosphoric acid and further protected by surface coating.
Industry: Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used in removing dust from the metal surfaces.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is uiron,or steel tools and other surfaces that are rusted.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is helpful in cleaning the mineral deposits, cement nous smears and hard water stains.
Food: Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used to acidify the foods and beverages such as colas.


In industrial synthesis PCl3 is sprayed into steam at 190oC the heat of reaction is used to distill off the hydrogen chloride and excess water vapour.
Medicine: Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is an important ingredient in over the counter medications to combat nausea.
Used in the production of basic lead phosphonate PVC stabilizer, aminomethylene Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) and hydroxyethane diphosphonic acid.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used as a strong reducing agent.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used in the production of raw materials of phosphorous acid, synthetic fibres and organophosphorus pesticides etc.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used in the production of high efficient water treatment agent amino trimethylene phosphonic acid.


Sometimes confusingly, both these names are also used to refer to H3PO3 in general, i.e. both tautomers.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid)'s industrial applications include use in the production of basic lead phosphite and controlling plant diseases.
What’s more, Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) has many important applications in food, medical, fertilizer and other industries.


So Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) can be used as food additives, dental and orthopedic surgery, rust inhibitors, electrolytes, fluxes, dispersants, industrial corrosives, fertilizer raw materials and household cleaning products.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is mainly used in the manufacture of various phosphate, such as ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, trisodium phosphate, etc and condensation phosphate class.


As a chemical reagent uses of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid): Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used in chemical reactions as a reducing agent that is somewhat less vigorous than the related hypophosphorous acid.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a diprotic phosphorus oxoacid that exists as two tautomers in solution, with the major one being HP(O)(OH)2 and the minor one being P(OH)3.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) applications include use in basic lead phosphite production and controlling plant diseases.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorous compounds.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a raw material to prepare phosphonates for water treatment such as iron and manganese control, scale inhibition and removal, corrosion control and chlorine stabilization.


The alkali metal salts (phosphites) of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) are being widely marketed either as an agricultural fungicide (e.g. Downy Mildew) or as a superior source of plant phosphorous nutrition.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used in stabilizing mixtures for plastic materials.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used for inhibiting high-temperature of corrosion-prone metal surfaces and to produce lubricants and lubricant additives.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used to produce phosphonates like ATMP, HEDP, PBTC which are used as scale inhibitor or corrosion inhibitors in water treatment.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used to prepare phosphite salts which are used in controlling microbial plant diseases.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) has strong reducing properties and can be used as a reducing agent in electroless plating.
Silver and copper can be deposited from aqueous solutions of silver nitrate andcopper sulfate, respectively, for plating.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used to produce the fertilizer phosphate salt like potassium phosphite, ammonium phosphite and calcium phosphite.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is actively involved in the preparation of phosphites like aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP), 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic Acid (PBTC), which find application in water treatment as a scale or corrosive inhibitor.


Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is also used in chemical reactions as a reducing agent.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid)'s salt, lead phosphite is used as PVC stabilizer.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is also used as a precursor in the preparation of phosphine and as an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorus compounds.


-Food-grade Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) (additive E338) is used to acidify foods and beverages such as various colas.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) provides a tangy or sour taste.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) may be used to remove rust by direct application to rusted iron, steel tools, or other surfaces.

Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used in dentistry and orthodontics as an etching solution, to clean and roughen the surfaces of teeth where dental appliances or fillings will be placed.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is sued as an additive to stabilize acidic aqueous solutions within a wanted and specified pH range

Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used as a dispersing agent in detergents and leather treatment
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used as a pH adjuster in cosmetics and skin-care products


-Dentistry uses of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid):
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is mixed with zinc powder and forms zinc phosphate, and it is useful in temporary dental cement.
In orthodontics, zinc is used as an etching solution to help clean and roughen the surface of teeth.


-Fertilizer uses of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid)：
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used as reaction fertilizer in the soil around a granule acidification is generated that improves the utilization of phosphorus applied and available in the rhizosphere.
Due to its nitrogen content (present as ammonia), Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is good for crops that require these nutrients in its initial phase


-Conversion to phosphine uses of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid):
Phosphine, being a flammable and toxic gas, is inconvenient to store.
Fortunately this useful species is readily prepared by thermal decomposition of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid), which degrades at about 180°C:
4 HP(O)(OH)2 → PH3 + 3 H3PO4
Since Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a syrupy non-volatile liquid, the gaseous PH3 is readily separated.


-In agriculture uses of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid):
A large quantity of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used as phosphatic fertilizer.
Pure Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is also used for preparing phosphite salts, such as monopotassium phosphite or aluminum phosphonate.

These salts, as well as aqueous solutions of pure Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid), have shown effectiveness in controlling a variety of microbial plant diseases—in particular, treatment using either trunk injection or foliar sprays containing Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) salts is indicated in response to infections by phytophthora and pythium-type plant pathogens (both within class oomycetes, known as water molds), such as dieback/root rot and downy mildew.


-Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) may be used as one of the reaction components for the synthesis of the following:
α-aminomethylphosphonic acids via Mannich-Type Multicomponent Reaction
1-aminoalkanephosphonic acids via amidoalkylation followed by hydrolysis
N-protected α-aminophosphonic acids (phospho-isosteres of natural amino acids) via amidoalkylation reaction


-Industrial uses of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid):
This collector was developed recently and was used primarily as specific collector for cassiterite from ores with complex gangue composition.
On the basis of the Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid), Albright and Wilson had developed a range of collectors mainly for flotation of oxidic minerals (i.e. cassiterite, ilmenite and pyrochlore).

Very little is known about the performance of these collectors.
Limited studies conducted with cassiterite and rutile ores showed that some of these collectors produce voluminous froth but were very selective.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) has strong reducing properties it tends to be converted to phosphoric acid.
On being heated dry Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) disproportionates to give phosphine and phosphoric acid.

H3PO3 + 3H3PO3 → PH3 + 3H3PO4
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) reacts with a base like sodium hydroxide forms sodium phosphate and water.
H3PO3 + 3NaOH → Na3PO3 + 3H2O



PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) has a melting point of 70.1°C and is a colorless, tideless crystal; when heated to 200°C, it decomposes to form phosphine andphosphoric acid.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is insoluble in water except for its alkali and calcium salts.
The acid dissociation constants of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) are pKa = 1.5 and 6.79.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a white crystalline deliquescent solid that can be prepared by the action of water on phosphorus( III) oxide or phosphorus(III) chloride.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a dibasic acid producing the anions H2PO3- and HPO3 2- in water.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) and its salts are slow reducing agents.

On warming, Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) decomposes to phosphine and phosphoric(V) acid.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used to prepare phosphite salts.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is usually sold as a 20% aqueous solution.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a white crystalline mass; deliquescent; garlic-like odor; density 1.651 g/cm3 at 21°C; melts at 73.6°C; decomposes at 200°C to phosphine and phosphoric acid; soluble in water, about 310 g/100mL; K1 5.1x10-2 and K2 1.8x10-7; soluble in alcohol.



PREPARATION OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) can be prepared by the reaction of phosphorus trichloride with water:
PCl3 + 3H2O → H3PO4 + 3HCl

The reaction is violent.
Addition of PCl3 should be extremely cautious and slow.
The addition can be carried out safely in the presence of concentrated HCl.

Alternatively, a stream of air containing PCl3 vapor is passed into icecold water and solid crystals of H3PO4 form.
Alternatively, Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) can be prepared by adding phosphorus trichloride to anhydrous oxalic acid:
PCl3 + 3(COOH）2 → H3PO3 + 3CO + 3CO2 + 3HCl

In this reaction, all products except Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) escape as gases leaving the liquid acid.
Dissolution of phosphorus sesquioxide in water also forms phosphorus acid.

When shaken with ice water, Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is the only product .
P4O6 + 6H2O → 4H3PO3
However, in hot water part of the Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) disproportionates to phosphoric acid and phosphorus or phosphine.



STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
The differential formula of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is HP(=O)(OH )2, and the presence of the P-H bond is evident from physical measurements and the fact that only mono- and di-substituted salts are formed, and no trisubstituted salts are obtained.
The shape of the molecule is tetrahedral.

It is in tautomeric equilibrium with Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid).
The chemical formula for phosphite is P(OH) 3, and Phosphonic Acid is predominant in equilibrium.
In organophosphorus chemistry, Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a general term for organophosphorus compounds that have a phosphorus-hydrogen bond and a phosphoryl group.

Organic derivatives of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) include alkyl phosphonic acid, in which the hydrogen atom on the phosphorus atom is replaced by an alkyl group, and alkyl phosphonic acid, in which the hydrogen atom on the hydroxy group is replaced by an alkyl group.
Alkyl Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) includes monoesters, in which only one alkyl group is substituted, and diesters, in which both alkyl groups are substituted.



INFORMATION OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
1. Synthesis of Organic Phosphonic Acids:
Organic Phosphonic Acids (Phosphorous Acid) are derivatives in which a hydrogen atom on a phosphorus atom is replaced by an alkyl group.
The general formula is expressed as R-P(=O)(OH) 2.

Foscarnet, an antiviral drug, is an example of an organic Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid).
Examples of organic Phosphonic Acids (Phosphorous Acid) are CH3P (O)(OH )2 (methylphosphonic acid) and C6H5P (O)(OH )2 (phenylphosphonic acid).

The trialkyl phosphite esters spontaneously transfer the alkyl group from the oxygen atom to the phosphorus atom in an isomerization reaction, yielding the alkylphosphonic acid dialkyl ester.
P-alkylphosphonic acid diesters can be synthesized from phosphite tri-esters and alkyl halides.
This reaction is called the Michaelis-Arbuzov Reaction.

2. Reaction of Phosphonic Acid:
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used as a raw material by taking advantage of the reactivity of the P-H bond.

They are alkylated by the Kabachnik-Fields reaction or the Pudovik reaction to yield aminophosphonates useful as chelating agents.
For example, nitrilotris(methylene phosphonic acid) can be synthesized industrially.
Alkylation of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) by Michael addition of an acrylic acid derivative yields a phosphonic acid with a carboxy group.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) decomposes when heated to form phosphine, a gas that usually ignites spontaneously in air.
Absorbs oxygen from the air to form Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid).
Forms yellow deposits in aqueous solution that are spontaneously flammable upon drying.

Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) reacts exothermically with chemical bases (for example: amines and inorganic hydroxides) to form salts.
Dissolution in water or dilution of a concentrated solution with additional water may generate significant heat.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) reacts in the presence of moisture with active metals, including such structural metals as aluminum and iron, to release hydrogen, a flammable gas.

Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) can initiate the polymerization of certain alkenes.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) reacts with cyanide compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
Additional gas-generating reactions occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (to give SO2), and carbonates (to give CO2).



TAUTOMERIZATION OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is better described with the structural formula HP(O)(OH)2.
This species exists in equilibrium with a minor tautomer P(OH)3.
The latter is called Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid).

It is sometimes called Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) or orthophosphorous acid.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) has been shown to be a stable tautomer.
The dihydroxy form, HP(O)(OH)2, is called phosphonic acid.

Many of the reduced phosphorus acids are subject to similarly complicated equilibria involving shifts of H between O and P.
In the solid state, HP(O)(OH)2 is tetrahedral with one shorter P=O bond of 148 pm and two longer P-O(H) bonds of 154 pm.



PREPARATION OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
Although commercially available, the acid is most commonly prepared by hydrolysis of phosphorus trichloride with water or steam:

PCl3 + 3 H2O → HP(O)(OH)2 + 3 HCl
Potassium phosphite is a convenient precursor to Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid):

K2HPO3 + 2 HCl → 2 KCl + H3PO3
In practice aqueous potassium phosphite is treated with excess hydrochloric acid.
By concentrating the solution and precipitations with alcohols, the pure acid can be separated from the salt.



POLYMERIZATION OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
An oligophosphorous acid of the phosphonic acid tautomer refers to a few molecules of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) condensed into a molecule with the loss of water.
A general formula for such oligophosphorous acids is (HPO)nOn-1(OH)2, where n = 2, 3, 4, etc., oligo-.
A polyphosphorous acid can have dozens of such Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) units condensed in a row with the loss of H2O for each unit added on.

For the Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) tautomer, an oligophosphorous acid also refers to a few molecules condensed into a molecule with the loss of H2O as each unit of P(OH)3 is added on, but the general formula differs:

(HO)2PO[P(OH)O]n-2P(OH)2,
where n = 2, 3, 4, etc., oligo-.
Here for both tautomers the repeat unit is (HPO2)n-2.

Again, a polyphosphorous acid can have dozens of units condensed in a row.
Regardless of the value of n, both polyphosphonic acid and polyphosphorous acid have the same chemical formula for any specific n, e.g., triphosphosphonic acid is H5P3O7 and triphosphorous acid is H5P3O7 for n=3.

In oligophosphorous acids of sufficient size, there are multiple OH that can result in the condensation of a cyclophosphorous acid that does not have multiple (HPO3) metaphosphoric acid units.

However, the usual referral to a cyclophosphorous acid (cyclophosphonates or cyclophosphites) may be misnomers wherein the cyclic portion is carbon-based with a Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) side chain of one or more molecules, or one or a limited number of either of the two tautomers included in the ring but as a minority contributor.
For example the effect of varying ring size on the phosphonate-phosphite tautomerism of cyclophosphorous acids has been shown.
But the cyclophosphorous acids are biheteroorganic.

Branching can also occur in either oligophosphorous or polyphosphorous tautomer.
These are ultraoligophosphorous or ultrapolyphosphorous acids, ultraoligophosphonates and ultrapolyphosphonates, or ultraoligophosphites and ultrapolyphosphites, respectively for the phosphonic and phosphorous tautomers.



ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a diprotic acid, since the hydrogen bonded directly to the central phosphorus atom is not readily ionizable.
Chemistry examinations often test students' appreciation of the fact that all three hydrogen atoms are not acidic under aqueous conditions, in contrast with phosphoric acid. HP(O)2(OH)− is a moderately strong acid.

HP(O)(OH)2 → HP(O)2(OH)− + H+ pKa = 1.3[5]
HP(O)2(OH)− → HPO32− + H+ pKa = 6.7
The monodeprotonated species, HP(O)2(OH)− is called the phosphite ion.

The IUPAC (mostly organic) name is Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid).
This nomenclature of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is commonly reserved for substituted derivatives, that is, organic group bonded to phosphorus, not simply an ester.
For example, (CH3)PO(OH)2 is "methylphosphonic acid", which may of course form "methylphosphonate" esters.

Both Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) and its deprotonated forms are good reducing agents, although not necessarily quick to react.
They are oxidized to phosphoric acid or its salts.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) reduces solutions of noble metal cations to the metals.



NOMENCLATURE AND TAUTOMERISM OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
Solid HP(O)(OH)2 has tetrahedral geometry about the central phosphorus atom, with a P−H bond of 132 pm, one P=O double bond of 148 pm and two longer P−OH single bonds of 154 pm.
In common with other phosphorus oxides with P−H bonds (e.g.hypophosphorous acid and dialkyl phosphites), Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) exists in equilibrium with an extremely minor tautomer P(OH)3.

(In contrast, arsenous acid's major tautomer is the trihydroxy form.) IUPAC recommends that the trihydroxy form P(OH)3 be called Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid), and the dihydroxy form HP(O)(OH)2 phosphonic acid.
Only the reduced phosphorus compounds are spelled with an "-ous" ending.

PIII(OH)3 ⇌ HPV(O)(OH)2
K = 1010.3 (25°C, aqueous)



PREPARATION OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
On an industrial scale, Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is prepared by hydrolysis of phosphorus trichloride with water or steam:
PCl3 + 3 H2O → HPO(OH)2 + 3 HCl
HPO(OH)2 could be produced by the hydrolysis of phosphorus trioxide:
P4O6 + 6 H2O → 4 HPO(OH)2



REACTIONS OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
Acid–base properties:
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) has a pKa in the range 1.26–1.3.
HP(O)(OH)2 → HP(O)2(OH)− + H+ pKa = 1.3
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a diprotic acid, the hydrogenphosphite ion, HP(O)2(OH)− is a weak acid:

HP(O)2(OH)− → HPO2−3 + H+ pKa = 6.7
The conjugate base HP(O)2(OH)− is called hydrogen phosphite, and the second conjugate base, HPO2−3, is the phosphite ion.
(Note that the IUPAC recommendations are hydrogen phosphonate and phosphonate respectively).

The hydrogen atom bonded directly to the phosphorus atom is not readily ionizable.
Chemistry examinations often test students' appreciation of the fact that not all three hydrogen atoms are acidic under aqueous conditions, in contrast with H3PO4.



REDOX PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
On heating at 200 °C, Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) disproportionates to phosphoric acid and phosphine:
4 H3PO3 → 3 H3PO4 + PH3
This reaction is used for laboratory-scale preparations of PH3.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) slowly oxidizes in air to phosphoric acid.

Both Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) and its deprotonated forms are good reducing agents, although not necessarily quick to react.
They are oxidized to phosphoric acid or its salts.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) reduces solutions of noble metal cations to the metals.
When Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is treated with a cold solution of mercuric chloride, a white precipitate of mercurous chloride forms:

H3PO3 + 2 HgCl2 + H2O → Hg2Cl2 + H3PO4 + 2 HCl
Mercurous chloride is reduced further by Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) to mercury on heating or on standing:
H3PO3 + Hg2Cl2 + H2O → 2 Hg + H3PO4 + 2 HCl



AS A LIGAND, PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
Upon treatment with metals of d6 configuration, Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is known to coordinate as the otherwise rare P(OH)3 tautomer.
Examples include Mo(CO)5(P(OH)3) and [Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(P(OH)3)]2+.
Heating a mixture of potassium tetrachloroplatinate and Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) gives the luminescent salt potassium diplatinum(II) tetrakispyrophosphite:
2 K2PtCl4 + 8 H3PO3 → K4[Pt2(HO2POPO2H)4] + 8 HCl + 4 H2O



ORGANIC DERIVATIVES OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
The IUPAC (mostly organic) name is Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid).
This nomenclature of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is commonly reserved for substituted derivatives, that is, organic group bonded to phosphorus, not simply an ester.
For example, (CH3)PO(OH)2 is "methylphosphonic acid", which may of course form "methylphosphonate" esters.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) decomposes when heated to form phosphine, a gas that usually ignites spontaneously in air.
Absorbs oxygen from the air to form Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid).
Forms yellow deposits in aqueous solution that are spontaneously flammable upon drying.

Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) reacts exothermically with chemical bases (for example: amines and inorganic hydroxides) to form salts.
These reactions can generate dangerously large amounts of heat in small spaces.
Dissolution in water or dilution of a concentrated solution with additional water may generate significant heat.

Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) reacts in the presence of moisture with active metals, including such structural metals as aluminum and iron, to release hydrogen, a flammable gas.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) can initiate the polymerization of certain alkenes.
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) reacts with cyanide compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide.

Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) may generate flammable and/or toxic gases in contact with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides, and strong reducing agents.
Additional gas-generating reactions occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (to give SO2), and carbonates (to give CO2).



KEY DIFFERENCE - PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID) VS. PHOSPHORIC ACID:
Phosphorus and phosphoric acid are two forms of acids containing the chemical element phosphorous (P).
The chemical structures of the two molecules are nearly similar but the chemical and physical properties are different from each other.
The key difference between Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) and phosphoric acid is that Phosphorus acid (IUPAC name: Phosphonic acid) is diprotic whereas phosphoric acid (IUPAC name: Trihydroxidooxidophosphorus) is triprotic.



WHAT IS PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID)?
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is an acid containing phosphorous and the chemical formula is H3PO3.
Although this chemical structure contains three hydrogen atoms, Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a diprotic acid.
A diprotic acid is an acid that is capable of releasing two hydrogen ions (protons) to an aqueous medium.

Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is also called orthophosphorous acid.
The molar mass of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is 81.99 g/mol.
At room temperature, Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is a white solid that is deliquescent (absorb water from the air when exposed and dissolve).

The melting point of Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is 73.6◦C and the boiling point is 200◦C.
At temperatures above the boiling point, the compounds tend to decompose.

When considering the chemical structure of the Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid), it has a phosphorous atom as the central atom bonded with two –OH groups and one oxygen atom bonded via a double bond and a hydrogen atom bonded via a single bond.
This structure is known as a Pseudo-tetrahedral structure.

The Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is made via hydrolysis of the anhydride of the acid; P4O6.
P4O6 + 6 H2O → 4 H3PO3
But in industrial scale productions,phosphorous chloride (PCl3) is hydrolyzed by steam.

PCl3 + 3 H2O → H3PO3 + 3 HCl
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used as a reducing agent in chemical analysis. This acid readily converts into phosphoric acid when heated to about 180◦C.

The salts formed by Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) are known as phosphates.
The most common application of phosphorus acid is that; Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) is used in the production of basic lead phosphite (a stabilizer in PVC).



WHAT IS PHOSPHORIC ACID?
Phosphoric acid is a phosphorous containing acid having the chemical formula H3PO4.
The IUPAC name of this compound is trihydroxidooxidophosphorus.
It is a triprotic acid because it can release three protons (hydrogen ions) in an aqueous medium.

The molar mass of phosphoric acid is 97.99 g/mol.
Phosphoric acid is available as a white solid that is deliquescent or as a syrupy liquid that has a high viscosity.
However, this compound odorless.
The melting point of this compound is 42.35◦C and the boiling point is 213◦C, but at high temperatures, it decomposes.



PRODUCTION OF PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
The production of phosphoric acid is done via two main ways;
wet process and thermal process.
The wet process involves the production of phosphoric acid from fluorapatite.

It is known as phosphate rock and the chemical composition is 3Ca3(PO4)2.CaF2.
This phosphate rock is finely ground to increase the surface area and is reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid that gives phosphoric acid and gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) as products.
Ca5(PO4)3F + 5H2SO4 + 10H2O → 3H3PO4+ 5CaSO4·2H2O + HF

The thermal process of phosphoric acid production includes the burning elemental phosphorous to obtain very pure phosphoric acid.
The burning of elemental phosphorous gives phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5).
This compound is then hydrated to produce phosphoric acid.

P4 + 5O2→ 2P2O5
P2O5 + 3H2O → 2H3PO4
Major applications of phosphoric acid are in fertilizer production. Phosphoric acid is used to produce three types of phosphorus fertilizers; triple superphosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, and monoammonium dihydrogen phosphate.



WHAT ARE THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID) AND PHOSPHORIC ACID?
Both Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) and Phosphoric Acid are acids containing phosphorous.
Both Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) and Phosphoric Acid are able to release protons when in aqueous solutions.

Summary – Phosphorus vs Phosphoric Acid
Phosphonic Acid (Phosphorous Acid) and phosphoric acid are phosphorous containing acids that have many industrial applications such as in the production of fertilizers.
The difference between Phosphorus and phosphoric acid is that Phosphorus acid is diprotic whereas phosphoric acid is triprotic.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
Chemical formula: H3PO3
Molar mass: 81.99 g/mol
Appearance: white solid deliquescent
Density: 1.651 g/cm3 (21 °C)
Melting point: 73.6 °C (164.5 °F; 346.8 K)
Boiling point: 200 °C (392 °F; 473 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: 310 g/100 mL
Solubility: soluble in ethanol
Acidity (pKa): 1.1, 6.7
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −42.5·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure:
Molecular shape: pseudo-tetrahedral
Chemical formula: H3PO3
Molar mass: 81.99 g/mol
Appearance: white solid deliquescent
Density: 1.651 g/cm3 (21 °C)
Melting point: 73.6 °C (164.5 °F; 346.8 K)

Boiling point: 200 °C (392 °F; 473 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: 310 g/100 mL
Solubility: soluble in ethanol
Acidity (pKa): 1.1, 6.7
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −42.5·10−6 cm3/mol
Odour: Sour odour
Appearance: White solid, deliquescent
Covalently-Bonded Unit: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor: 3
Complexity: 8
Solubility: Soluble in water
Physical state flakes
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 63 - 74 °C at 1.013 hPa

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 259 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: not auto-flammable
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: at 20 °C acidic
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not applicable for inorganic substances
Vapor pressure < 0,1 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,651 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density No data available

Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: The product has been shown not to be oxidizing
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Weight: 81.996 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -1.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 81.98198095 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 81.98198095 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 57.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 4
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 26.3

Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance: white/light yellow liquid
Grade: Food Grade
Type: food additive
Molecular formula: H3PO4
HS code: 2809201900
CAS code: 7664-38-2
EINECS: 231-633-2 UN: 1805
Certificate: SGS/ISO certificate
Other names: orthophosphoric acid phosphoric(V) Acid

Molecular Weight：81.99580
Exact Mass：82.00
EC Number：233-663-1
UNII：95E079716M
UN Number：2834
DSSTox ID：DTXSID7035511
HScode：2811199090
PSA：81.00000
XLogP3：-0.63930
Density：1.651
Melting Point：73 °C (approx)
Boiling Point：200ºC
Flash Point：200ºC
Water Solubility：
H2O: soluble
Storage Conditions：0-6ºC
Air and Water Reactions： Deliquescent.

Absorbs oxygen from the air very readily to form phosphoric acid.
Soluble in water.
Reactive Group：Acids, Weak
Other Names: orthophosphoric acid; Anhydrous phosphoric acid
CAS No.: 7664-38-2
Molecular Formula/MF: H3PO4
EINECS No.: 231-633-2
Classification: Biochemical & chemical
Grade Standard: Food grade
Purity: 85% min
Odor: Odorless
Appearance: Colorless, transparent and syrupy liquid
H3PO3: Phosphorous Acid

Density: 1.65 g/cm³
Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass: 82 g/mol
Boiling Point: 200 °C
Melting Point: 73.6 °C
Chemical Formula: H3PO3
Odour: Sour odour
Appearance: White solid, deliquescent
Covalently-Bonded Unit: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor: 3
Complexity: 8
Solubility: Soluble in water
Melting point: 73 °C
Boiling point: 200 °C
Density: 1.651 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0.001Pa at 20℃

Flash point: 200°C
storage temp.: 0-6°C
solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly), Water (Sparingly)
form: Crystals
pka: pK1 1.29; pK2 6.74(at 25℃)
Specific Gravity: 1.651
color: White
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Sensitive: Air Sensitive & Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,7346
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong bases.
Hygroscopic.
CAS DataBase Reference: 13598-36-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 35V6A8JW8E
NIST Chemistry Reference: (HO)2HPO(13598-36-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Phosphonic acid (13598-36-2)



FIRST AID MEASURES of PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
-Extinguishing media:
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
No metal containers.
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Store under inert gas.
Air sensitive.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PHOSPHONIC ACID (PHOSPHOROUS ACID):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

PHOSPHORIC ACID = ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID


CAS Number: 7664-38-2
EC Number: 231-633-2
MDL number: MFCD00011340
Molecular Formula: H3PO4 or H3O4P



Phosphoric acid is an acid.
Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or monophosphoric acid, is a common inorganic acid with the chemical formula H3PO4.
The appearance of Phosphoric acid is colorless, transparent and syrupy liquid.
Phosphoric acid is odorless, sour, easily soluble in water and ethanol, etc.


Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H3PO4.
Phosphoric acid is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, and non-volatile syrupy liquid.
Phosphoric acid is a major industrial chemical, being a component of many fertilizers.


Removal of all three H+ ions gives the phosphate ion PO3−4.
Removal of one or two protons gives dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO−4, and the hydrogen phosphate ion HPO2−4, respectively.
Phosphoric acid forms esters, called organophosphates.
The name "orthophosphoric acid" can be used to distinguish this specific acid from other "phosphoric acids", such as pyrophosphoric acid.


Nevertheless, the term "phosphoric acid" often means this specific compound; and that is the current IUPAC nomenclature.
Pure phosphoric acid is a crystalline solid (melting point 42.35° C, or 108.2° F); in less concentrated form it is a colourless syrupy liquid.
Phosphoric acid is prepared from phosphate rock, while acid of higher purity is made from white phosphorus.
Phosphoric acid forms three classes of salts corresponding to replacement of one, two, or three hydrogen atoms.


Among the important phosphate salts are: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), used for control of hydrogen ion concentration (acidity) of solutions; disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), used in water treatment as a precipitant for highly charged metal cations; trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4), used in soaps and detergents; calcium dihydrogen phosphate or calcium superphosphate (Ca[H2PO4]2), a major fertilizer ingredient; calcium monohydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4), used as a conditioning agent for salts and sugars.


Phosphoric acid molecules interact under suitable conditions, often at high temperatures, to form larger molecules (usually with loss of water).
Thus, diphosphoric, or pyrophosphoric, acid (H4P2O7) is formed from two molecules of phosphoric acid, less one molecule of water.
It is the simplest of a homologous series of long chain molecules called polyphosphoric acids, with the general formula H(HPO3)nOH, in which n = 2, 3, 4, . . . .


Metaphosphoric acids, (HPO3)n, in which n = 3, 4, 5, . . ., are another class of polymeric phosphoric acids.
The known metaphosphoric acids are characterized by cyclic molecular structures.
The term metaphosphoric acid is used also to refer to a viscous, sticky substance that is a mixture of both long chain and ring forms of (HPO3)n.
The various polymeric forms of phosphoric acid are also prepared by hydration of phosphorus oxides.


Phosphoric acid falls into the category of weak acids.
Phosphoric acid is also referred to as orthophosphoric acid which helps us to easily distinguish it from other phosphoric acids such as polyphosphoric acid.
Another name for Phosphoric acid is phosphoric(V) acid.


Phosphoric acid’s formula is written as H3PO4.
Phosphoric acid is a non-toxic acid and in its pure form, it is a solid at room temperature.
Phosphoric acid has a molar mass of 97.99 g/mol.
Phosphoric acid is one of the most important and useful mineral acids.


Phosphoric acid is mostly available in the form of an aqueous solution (almost 85%) and is odorless, colorless, and non-volatile liquid.
Phosphoric acid is a colorless, odorless crystal, according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)Trusted Source.
In order to add it to other products, Phosphoric acid’s often dissolved in water first.
Phosphoric acid is made from the mineral phosphorus, which is found naturally in many foods.


Phosphoric acid works with calcium to form strong bones and teeth, according to the National Institutes of Health Trusted Source.
Phosphoric acid also helps support kidney function and the way your body uses and stores energy.
Phosphorus helps your muscles recover after a hard workout.
The mineral plays a major role in the body’s growth and is even needed to produce DNA and RNA, the genetic codes of living things.


Phosphorus is first turned to phosphorus pentoxide through a chemical manufacturing process.
It’s then treated again to become phosphoric acid.
Phosphoric Acid is a colorless, odorless solid or a thick, clear
liquid.


Phosphoric acid is colourless transparent, viscous liquid; specific gravity: 1.68; soluble in water and ethanol Technical Grade with slight colour.
Phosphoric Acid is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing inorganic acid.
Phosphoric acid is a sequestering agent which binds many divalent cations, including Fe++, Cu++, Ca++, and Mg++.
Phosphoric acid appears as a clear colorless liquid or transparent crystalline solid.


The pure solid, Phosphoric acid, melts at 42.35 °C and has a density of 1.834 g / cm3.
Phosphoric acid is usually an 85% aqueous solution.
Phosphoric acid is shipped as both a solid and liquid.
Phosphoric acid is a phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.


Phosphoric acid has a role as a solvent, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite and a fertilizer.
Phosphoric acid is a conjugate acid of a dihydrogen phosphate and a phosphate ion.
Pure phosphoric acid is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 42.35 °C.
When less concentrated, Phosphoric acid is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid with a density of 1.885 g/mL.


Phosphoric acid is non-toxic and non-volatile.
The most common concentration of phosphoric acid is 85% in water.
Phosphoric acid has three acidic and replaceable H atoms.
Thus, Phosphoric acid reacts differently from other mineral acids.


Phosphoric acid can react with bases to form three classes of salts by replacing one, two, or three H atoms, such as NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4 and Na3PO4, respectively.
At high temperatures, phosphoric acid molecules can react and combine (with loss of water molecules) to form dimers, trimers, and even long polymeric chains such as polyphosphoric acids and metaphosphoric acids.
2H 3 PO 4 → lH 4 P 2 O 7 (- H 2 O)


Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid, is a mineral (inorganic) acid having the chemical formula H3PO4.
By contrast, orthophosphoric acid molecules can combine with themselves to form a variety of compounds referred to as phosphoric acids in a more general way.
The term phosphoric acid can also refer to a chemical or reagent consisting of phosphoric acids, usually mostly orthophosphoric acid.


Phosphoric acid is a mineral (inorganic) acid having the chemical formula H3PO4.
Orthophosphoric acid molecules can combine with themselves to form a variety of compounds which are also referred to as phosphoric acids, but in a more general way.
The term phosphoric acid can also refer to a chemical or reagent consisting of phosphoric acids, such as pyrophosphoric acid or triphosphoric acid, but usually orthophosphoric acid.


Phosphoric acid is a colourless, odourless, sparkling liquid or transparent, crystalline solid, depending on concentration and temperature.
Phosphoric acid is produced by oxidizing red phosphorus with Nitric Acid or white phosphorus under the surface of water with bromine or iodine.
Phosphoric Acid is also obtained by decomposing a mineral phosphate with sulphuric acid.
Phosphoric acid or trihydrogen phosphate (also referred to as orthophosphoric acid) is a weak inorganic acid, with H3PO4 as the gross formula.


In water, Phosphoric acid is completely converted into dihydrogen phosphate ions and protons, giving it the properties of a strong acid.
Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid, is a weak acid with the chemical formula H3PO4.
Phosphoric acid is normally encountered as a colorless syrup of 85% concentration in water.
Phosphoric acid is a colorless solid.


All three hydrogens are acidic to varying degrees and can be lost from the molecule as H+ ions (protons).
When all three H+ ions are removed, the result is an orthophosphate ion PO43−, commonly called “phosphate”.
Removal of one or two protons gives dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO−4, and the hydrogen phosphate ion HPO2−4, respectively.
Orthophosphoric acid also forms esters, called organophosphates.


Phosphoric acid is a metallic acid with the chemical nomenclature of (H3PO4), also called Orthophosphoric Acid.
Orthophosphoric acid molecules can unite to form several chemical compounds named phosphoric acids.
Phosphoric acid is an acid used in fertilizers industry.
Phosphoric acid is an intermediate product for multiple industries such as fertilizers, animal feed (dical), detergents, and some food industries.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PHOSPHORIC ACID:
Phosphoric acid, also called orthophosphoric acid, (H3PO4), the most important oxygen acid of phosphorus, used to make phosphate salts for fertilizers.
Phosphoric acid is also used in dental cements, in the preparation of albumin derivatives, and in the sugar and textile industries.
What’s more, Phosphoric acid has many important applications in food, medical, fertilizer and other industries.


So phosphoric acid can be used as food additives, dental and orthopedic surgery, rust inhibitors, electrolytes, fluxes, dispersants, industrial corrosives, fertilizer raw materials and household cleaning products.
Phosphoric acid gives soft drinks a tangy flavor and prevents the growth of mold and bacteria, which can multiply easily in a sugary solution.
Most of the soda’s acidity also comes from a trusted Source phosphoric acid.


Phosphoric acid is mainly used in the manufacture of various phosphate, such as ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, trisodium phosphate, etc and condensation phosphate class.
Phosphoric acid serves as an acidic, fruit-like flavouring in food products.
The dominant use of phosphoric acid is for fertilizers, consuming approximately 90% of production.


Food-grade phosphoric acid (additive E338) is used to acidify foods and beverages such as various colas and jams, providing a tangy or sour taste.
Phosphoric acid also serves as a preservative.
Soft drinks containing phosphoric acid, which would include Coca-Cola, are sometimes called phosphate sodas or phosphates.
Phosphoric acid is used in dentistry and orthodontics as an etching solution, to clean and roughen the surfaces of teeth where dental appliances or fillings will be placed.


In addition, phosphoric acid is a constituent in bone and teeth, and plays a role in many metabolic processes.
Phosphoric acid is used in making fertilizers and detergents and in food processing.
Phosphoric acid is used in phosphoric acid fuel cells, the Production of activated carbon, and Compound semiconductor processing.
Phosphoric acid is used in sanitizing brewing and dairy industries.


Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is mainly used in fertilizer production.
Phosphoric Acid is used in rustproofing metals, fertilizers, detergents, foods, beverages, and water treatment.
Phosphoric Acid is used textile, food, agriculture, metal surface cleaning, industrial cleaning, leather, cosmetics, detergent, construction chemicals, beverage acidification, poultry farming, pesticide production, pH reduction in greenhouse plants, etc. used in industries.


Phosphoric acid salts not only regulate acidity, but also modify milk proteins and are therefore used in the production of dairy products.
Phosphoric acid, E338, is also an inhibitor of bacterial and mould growth, which increases the safety of food products (e.g. jams) and extends their shelf life.
Phosphoric acid has a wide variety of uses, probably the most important of which is its use as a reactant with ground rock phosphate to produce high-grade superphosphate, a much-used fertilizer.


Phosphoric acid is also used as an intermediate for the production of various phosphates which in turn are used for rust proofing, in the manufacture of foodstuffs, for water-softening, synthetic detergents, emulsion paints, fireproof materials and pharmaceuticals.
In addition to being a chemical reagent, phosphoric acid has a wide variety of uses, including as a rust inhibitor, food additive, dental and orthop(a)edic etchant, electrolyte, flux, dispersing agent, industrial etchant, fertilizer feedstock, and component of home cleaning products.


Food grade phosphoric acid is used widely as flavor additive to acidify food and beverage.
For example, the sharp flavor from the carbonated soft drinks, such as Cola, comes from the phosphoric acid.
Phosphoric acid is mainly used in the production of fertilizer, in detergents, and in small quantities in soft drinks.
Material Uses of Phosphoric acid: rust inhibitor, dispersing agent, chelating agent, water treatment


Phosphoric acid is mainly used in industrial and agricultural industries, phosphoric acid, or “phos” for short, is one of the most essential plant nutrients and therefore is often converted into phosphates that are then mixed in with other ingredients to manufacture fertilizer.
Other uses of phosphoric acid include the treatment of water and metal, and sometimes as a flavoring agent in food and beverages.
Phosphoric Acid is used in a wide array of applications including the manufacturing of phosphate salts.


In addition to being a chemical reagent, Phosphoric Acid Food Grade is used as an ingredient in foods and beverages.
Phosphoric Acid is typically used for pH control in the food industry, for example in the manufacture of cheese products, fats, and shortenings. Phosphoric acid is also used in the beverage industry in soft drinks, particularly cola.
Phosphoric Acid is used in plant nutrition applications to provide precise and targeted fortification with water-soluble solutions.
Phosphoric Acid is also used for water treatment, metal finishing, construction, and other industrial applications.


Other applications of phosphoric acid include:
*chemical and pharmaceutical industries,
*production of phosphate-based protective coatings which give metals anti-corrosion properties,
*dentistry and orthodontics (the compound is used to etch tooth surfaces),
*fuel cell production,
*sanitising dairy and brewery plants,
*removing rust from metal parts.
*In addition, phosphoric acid salts are also used in laboratory work, in soap and detergent production and in water purification.


-Fertilisers – the main application of phosphoric acid:
*Phosphoric acid (V) is used primarily in the manufacture of mineral fertilisers.
*These substances, which are used extensively in agriculture, are designed to provide crops with the ideal proportions of elements necessary for growth, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
*The key phosphate fertilisers are mainly superphosphates with a high level of bioavailability.


-Other examples of the use of phosphoric acid:
*Up to 90% of the global production of phosphoric acid is used in the production of artificial fertilisers.
*The remainder is used primarily in the food industry.
*As food additive E338, phosphoric acid (V) acts as an acidity regulator and is present in many popular carbonated drinks – among others, it is responsible for the characteristic taste of Coca-Cola.


-Specific applications of phosphoric acid include:
*in anti-rust treatment by phosphate conversion coating or passivation
*To prevent iron oxidation by means of the Parkerization process
as an external standard for phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance
*in phosphoric acid fuel cells
*in activated carbon production
*in compound semiconductor processing, to etch Indium gallium arsenide selectively with respect to indium phosphide
*in microfabrication to etch silicon nitride selectively with respect to silicon dioxide
*in microfabrication to etch aluminum
*as a pH adjuster in cosmetics and skin-care products
*as a sanitizing agent in the dairy, food, and brewing industries.


-Usage areas of Phosphoric acid:
*Acidification of soft drinks such as cola
*pH control in the production of imitation jellies
*Media component in yeast production
*Control of bacterial growth in selected processed food products
*Precipitating agent for clarification of sugar juices after liming
*Cleaning the tooth surface in dentistry and orthodontics
*Production of pesticides
*Lowering the pH of solutions in floriculture
*Production of phosphate salts
*Tanning and polishing stages of leather
*Surface corrosion protection in the steel industry
*Cleaning of unwanted catalysts in the oil industry


-Applications of Phosphoric acid include:
*phosphoric acid is used for fertilizers
*Food-grade phosphoric acid (additive E338) is used to acidify foods and beverages such as various colas and jams, providing a tangy or sour taste.
*In anti-rust treatment by phosphate conversion coating or passivation
*As an external standard for phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance.
*In phosphoric acid fuel cells.
*In activated carbon production.
*In compound semiconductor processing, to etch Indium gallium arsenide selectively with respect to indium phosphide.
*In microfabrication to etch silicon nitride selectively with respect to silicon dioxide.
*As a pH adjuster in cosmetics and skin-care products.
*As a sanitizing agent in the dairy, food, and brewing industries.


-Agriculture:
phosphoric acid is an important phosphate fertilizer production (calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc.) of the raw material, is the production of feed nutrients (calcium dihydrogen phosphate) materials.


-Industry:
Metal surface processing, generation of refractory phosphate film on metal surface to protect the metal from corrosion; And then ,mixed with nitric acid as a chemical polishing agent, used to improve the surface of metal;In addition, production of washing supplies, raw materials of phosphate ester insecticide;And then, in the production of phosphorus flame retardant materials.
Phosphoric Acid is used in removing dust from the metal surfaces.
Phosphoric acid is used as rust converter by bringing it in direct contact with a rusted iron,or steel tools and other surfaces that are rusted.
Phosphoric acid is helpful in cleaning the mineral deposits, cement nous smears and hard water stains.


-Food:
Phosphoric acid is used to acidify the foods and beverages such as colas.
-Medicine:
Phosphoric Acid is an important ingredient in over the counter medications to combat nausea.


-Dentistry:
Phosphoric Acid is mixed with zinc powder and forms zinc phosphate, and it is useful in temporary dental cement.
In orthodontics, zinc is used as an etching solution to help clean and roughen the


-Fertilizer:
Phosphoric acid is used as reaction fertilizer in the soil around a granule acidification is generated that improves the utilization of phosphorus applied and available in the rhizosphere.
Due to its nitrogen content (present as ammonia), Phosphoric acid is good for crops that require these nutrients in its initial phase
Phosphoric acid is one of the most popular acids that is used in many industries, especially in the manufacturing of fertilizers.
The salts of Phosphoric acid which are known as phosphates are used mainly in agriculture and even at home.
Students might even hear this term often in their chemistry classes.


-In Agriculture:
One of the most common uses of phosphoric acid is in the agriculture domain.
Phosphoric acid is widely used in the production of fertilizer and as a flavouring agent in animal or poultry feed.


-In Dentistry:
Phosphoric acid is also used in dentistry where dentists often use the chemical compound as an etching solution and for cleaning the teeth. Phosphoric acid is also found in mouth cleaning products.
Alternatively, phosphoric acid is found in anti-nausea medicines.


-Treatment of Rust:
Phosphoric acid is also used in treating rusts and removing them from metal components.
Phosphoric acid is used in the process of the phosphate conversion coating.
This helps in corrosion resistance.


-Skincare Products:
Phosphoric acid mostly used in adjusting or controlling the pH level in skincare products.
Phosphoric acid is used in toothpaste, soaps, and detergents as well.


-In The Food And Beverage Industry:
Phosphoric acid is often used as a food additive and is mainly utilized to acidify foods and beverages.
Phosphoric acid helps in creating a certain taste.



PROPERTIES of PHOSPHORIC ACID:
Acidic properties of Phosphoric acid:
In aqueous solution phosphoric acid behaves as a triprotic acid.
H3PO4 ⇌ H2PO−4 + H+, pKa1 = 2.14
H2PO−4 ⇌ HPO2−4 + H+, pKa2 = 7.20
HPO2−4 ⇌ PO3−4 + H+, pKa3 = 12.37

The difference between successive pKa values is sufficiently large so that salts of either mono hydrogen phosphate, HPO2−4 or dihydrogen phosphate, H2PO−4, can be prepared from a solution of phosphoric acid by adjusting the pH to be mid-way between the respective pK values.
Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid, is a weak acid with the chemical formula H3PO4.
Phosphoric acid is normally encountered as a colorless, syrup of 85% concentration in water.

Phosphoric acid is a colorless solid.
Phosphoric acid is commonly encountered in chemical laboratories as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, and non-volatile syrupy liquid.
Pure phosphoric acid is a crystalline solid without colour or odour.

Highly soluble in water, Phosphoric Acid forms a transparent solution which, in high concentrations, is highly caustic.
Solutions in higher concentrations of Phosphoric Acid have a very low pH and are therefore ideal for acidification.
Phosphoric Acid has corrosive properties and reacts with active metals such as aluminium and iron, releasing hydrogen.

In addition, Phosphoric Acid is hygroscopic, so it effectively absorbs water from its surroundings.
At 42.35°C, phosphoric acid crystals melt.
The boiling point of Phosphoric Acid is 212°C at normal atmospheric pressure.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of PHOSPHORIC ACID:
Pure phosphoric acid is normally in the form of a white crystalline solid.
Phosphoric acid has a melting point of 42.4° C.
Phosphoric acid is colourless.
Phosphoric acid is also odourless and a viscous liquid with a density of 2.030 g.cm-3.
H3PO4 is non-toxic and non-volatile.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PHOSPHORIC ACID:
Phosphoric acid or H3PO4 can release up to three H+ ions.
Due to this property, it can react differently in comparison to other mineral acids.
Reaction with bases usually results in the formation of three classes of salts.
When the molecules of phosphoric acid are exposed to high temperatures it forms dimers, trimers and even long polymeric chains as seen in poly phosphoric acids and meta-phosphoric acids.



WHERE DOES PHOSPHORIC ACID COME FROM?
There are two basic methods for obtaining phosphoric acid.
The first, the so-called wet method, makes use of calcium phosphate naturally present in rocks in the form of minerals such as apatites and phosphorites.
When treated with sulphuric acid, they are transformed into easily filterable calcium sulphate and industrial-quality phosphoric acid (V).
Optionally, food and chemical grade acid is also produced by isolating pure phosphorus in an electric arc furnace and then converting it to tetraphosphorus decatoxide.
The compound is then treated with hot water, resulting in pure, high quality phosphoric acid (V).



FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS of PHOSPHORIC ACID:
1. Food-grade phosphoric acid (additive E338) is used to acidify foods and beverages such as various colas.
It provides a tangy or sour taste.
2. Phosphoric acid may be used to remove rust by direct application to rusted iron, steel tools, or other surfaces.
3. Phosphoric acid is used in dentistry and orthodontics as an etching solution, to clean and roughen the surfaces of teeth where dental appliances or fillings will be placed.
4. As an additive to stabilize acidic aqueous solutions within a wanted and specified pH range
5. As a dispersing agent in detergents and leather treatment
6. As a pH adjuster in cosmetics and skin-care products



PRODUCTION of PHOSPHORIC ACID:
Phosphoric acid is produced industrially by one of two routes, wet processes and dry.
*Wet process:
In the wet process, phosphate-containing minerals such as calcium hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite are treated with sulfuric acid.
Ca5(PO4)3OH + 5 H2SO4 → 3 H3PO4 + 5 CaSO4 + H2O
Ca5(PO4)3F + 5 H2SO4 → 3 H3PO4 + 5 CaSO4 + HF

Calcium sulfate (gypsum, CaSO4) is a by-product, which is removed as phosphogypsum.
The hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas is streamed into a wet (water) scrubber producing hydrofluoric acid.
In both cases the phosphoric acid solution usually contains 23–33% P2O5 (32–46% H3PO4).

It may be concentrated to produce commercial- or merchant-grade phosphoric acid, which contains about 54–62% P2O5 (75–85% H3PO4).
Further removal of water yields superphosphoric acid with a P2O5 concentration above 70% (corresponding to nearly 100% H3PO4).
The phosphoric acid from both processes may be further purified by removing compounds of arsenic and other potentially toxic impurities.

*Dry process:
To produce food-grade phosphoric acid, phosphate ore is first reduced with coke in an electric arc furnace, to give elemental phosphorus.
Silica is also added, resulting in the production of calcium silicate slag.
Elemental phosphorus is distilled out of the furnace and burned with air to produce high-purity phosphorus pentoxide, which is dissolved in water to make phosphoric acid.

Phosphoric acid is produced by the reaction of fluorapatite known as 'phosphate rock' 3Ca3 (PO4) 2.CaF2 with sulfuric acid.
Phosphoric acid is a chemical that appeals to different sectors and has many uses.
It is the main raw material input of phosphate fertilizer production.
It is mostly used in the production of phosphate fertilizers, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, metal cleaning, polishing and food for acidity regulation.

Phosphoric acid main reaction takes place as follows:
Phosphoric acid, whose simple reaction equation is as follows, is formed as a result of the exothermic reaction of phosphate rock after treatment with sulfuric acid.

Water-insoluble calcium sulfate is obtained as a by-product.
[Ca3 (PO4) 2] + 3 H2SO4 + x H2O ↔ 3 CaSO4.2 H2O + 2 H3PO4 + heat
Phosphoric acid is produced industrially by a wet method in which sulfuric acid reacts with apatite (tricalcium phosphate rock).
Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 CI + 5H 2 SO 4 + 10H 2 O → 3H 3 PO 4 + 5 CaSO 4 2H 2 O + HCI

The resulting phosphoric acid solution is about 32-46% H3PO4, so it is then concentrated (by water evaporation) to produce a commercial grade of higher concentration of phosphoric acid.
Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, is produced from phosphate rock by wet process or thermal process.
80% of the world’s phosphoric acid is obtained by the wet process.

The wet process consists of reaction, filtration and concentration steps.
The phosphate rock is ground and acidified with sulfuric acid in the reactor vessel.
In the reaction, the tricalcium phosphate in the phosphate rock is converted to phosphoric acid and to the insoluble salt calcium sulfate (CaSO4), also known as gypsum.

The concentration of sulfuric acid must be maintained at 93-98% as it affects the acidulation reaction rate and crystallization of gypsum.
In addition, control of the sulfuric acid concentration ensures the production of the strongest possible acid which reduces the energy requirement at the evaporators.

The next step is the filtration where the solids are separated and washed and the phosphoric acid of 32% P2O5 (about 50% H3PO4) is received.
Finally, the acid is evaporated to obtain the commercial grade acid of 54% P2O5 (70% H3PO4).
Further purification is required for higher grade of phosphoric acid for use in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.



MANUFACTURING METHOD of PHOSPHORIC ACID:
Phosphate is moved by conveyor belts to Phosphate Crusher, with the capacity of 200 tons/hour, where all particles are having the size of less than 500 micron.
Powdered phosphate reacts with sulfuric acid in a reactor with the capacity of 1,250 m3, in addition to the new reactor, which consists of diluted phosphoric acid and gypsum.
The mixture is, then pumped to three incubators with the size of 280 m3 each, in order to enlarge the gypsum crystals.
The resulting solution is filtered by (UCEGO) filter, and the diluted phosphoric acid is sent to the acid storage, to be concentrated later.
The resulting gases from the reaction, which include multiple fluoride compounds, water vapor, and carbon dioxide, are washed by absorption towers before they are released to the atmosphere.
Diluted phosphoric acid is concentrated in heat- exchangers from 28% to 52% in three concentration lines, using vacuum evaporation.



PREPARATION of PHOSPHORIC ACID:
Phosphoric acid is usually prepared or manufactured using two different processes. These include:
a) The ‘wet’ process.
b) Thermal process.
We will look at the process in detail below:

(a) Wet Process:
During the wet process, phosphoric acid is produced from a naturally occurring crystal rock known as fluorapatite which contains the phosphate mineral.
This compound is reacted with concentrated sulphuric acid and water.
When the reaction takes place it results in the formation of phosphoric acid and calcium sulfate (gypsum) as well as some insoluble impurities.
The extra chemical compounds and impurities are removed by the process of filtration and evaporation.
The acid is then concentrated to ca 56-70% P2O5 (super phosphoric acid) using vacuum distillation.
The reaction can be represented as:
Ca5(PO4)3Cl + 5H2SO4 + 10H2O → 3H3PO4 + 5CaSO4·2H2O + HCl
The product from the ‘wet process’ acid is impure but can be used, without further purification, for fertilizer manufacture.

(b) Thermal process:
Another method that is used in obtaining phosphoric acid is the thermal process.
In this, phosphorus is heated or burnt at high temperature in the presence of air.
The burning results in the generation of phosphorus pentoxide which is then condensed to form a white powder.
It is then hydrated in a separate process to obtain phosphoric acid.
Sometimes steam is also added to the burner where a condensed form of polyphosphoric acids is produced.
The products are then directly passed into a hydration tower where the gaseous phosphorus oxide is absorbed and phosphoric acid is obtained.
Nonetheless, a purer product is obtained in the first process.



EUTECTIC SYSTEM of PHOSPHORIC ACID:
The phase diagram of the H3PO4·H2O system is complicated.
Solutions up to 62.5% H3PO4 are eutectic, exhibiting freezing-point depression as low as -85°C.
Beyond this freezing-point increases, reaching 21°C by 85% H3PO4 (w/w) and a local maximum at 91.6% which corresponds to the hemihydrate 2H3PO4•H2O, freezing at 29.32°C.
There is a second smaller eutectic depression at a concentration of 94.75% which will not freeze down to 23.5°C.
At higher concentrations the freezing point rapidly increases.
Concentrated phosphoric acid tends to supercool before crystallization occurs, and may be relatively resistant to crystallisation even when stored below the freezing point.
For many industrial uses 85% represents a practical upper limit, where higher concentrations risk the entire mass freezing solid when transported inside of tankers and having to be melted out, although some crystallisation can still occur in sub-zero temperatures.



SELF CONDENSATION:
Phosphoric acid is commercially available as aqueous solutions of various concentrations, not usually exceeding 85%.
If concentrated further it undergoes slow self-condensation, forming an equilibrium with pyrophosphoric acid:
2 H3PO4 ⇌ H2O + H4P2O7
Even at 90% concentration the amount of pyrophosphoric acid present is negligible, but beyond 95% it starts to increase, reaching 15% at what would have otherwise been 100% orthophosphoric acid.
Due to the self-condensation, pure orthophosphoric acid can only be obtained by a careful fractional freezing/melting process.
As the concentration is increased higher acids are formed, culminating in the formation of polyphosphoric acids.
It is not possible to fully dehydrate phosphoric acid to phosphorus pentoxide, instead the polyphosphoric acid becomes increasingly polymeric and viscous.



PHOSPHORIC ACID AS A CHEMICAL REAGENT:
Pure 75-85% aqueous solutions (the most common) are clear, colourless, odourless, non-volatile, rather viscous, syrupy liquids, but still pourable.
Phosphoric acid is very commonly used as an aqueous solution of 85% phosphoric acid or H3PO4.
Because of the high percentage of phosphoric acid in this reagent, at least some of the orthophosphoric acid is condensed into polyphosphoric acids in a temperature-dependent equilibrium, but, for the sake of labeling and simplicity, the 85% represents H3PO4 as if it were all orthophosphoric acid.
Other percentages are possible too, even above 100%, where the phosphoric acids and water would be in an unspecified equilibrium, but the overall elemental mole content would be considered specified.
When aqueous solutions of phosphoric acid and/or phosphate are dilute, they are in or will reach an equilibrium after a while where practically all the phosphoric/phosphate units are in the ortho- form.



PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN HALIDES:
Phosphoric acid reacts with halides to form the corresponding hydrogen halide gas (steamy fumes are observed on warming the reaction mixture).
This is a common practice for the laboratory preparation of hydrogen halides.
3NaCl(s) + H3PO4(l) → NaH2PO4(s) + HCl(g)
3NaBr(s) + H3PO4(l) → NaH2PO4(s) + HBr(g)
3NaI(s) + H3PO4(l) → NaH2PO4(s) + HI(g)



RUST REMOVAL:
Phosphoric acid may be used by direct application to rusted iron, steel tools, or surfaces to convert iron(III) oxide (rust) to a water-soluble phosphate compound.
Phosphoric acid is usually available as a greenish liquid, suitable for dipping (acid bath), but is more generally used as a component in a gel, commonly called naval jelly.
As a thick gel, it may be applied to sloping, vertical, or even overhead surfaces.
When sufficiently diluted, it can even be nutritious to plant life, containing the essential nutrients phosphorus and iron.
Phosphoric acid is sometimes sold under other names, such as "rust remover" or "rust killer."
Phosphoric acid should not be directly introduced into surface water such as creeks or into drains, however.
After treatment, the reddish-brown iron oxide will be converted to a black iron phosphate compound coating that may be scrubbed off.
Multiple applications of phosphoric acid may be required to remove all rust.
The resultant black compound can provide further corrosion resistance (such protection is somewhat provided by the superficially similar Parkerizing and blued electrochemical conversion coating processes.)
After application and removal of rust using phosphoric acid compounds, the metal should be oiled (if to be used bare, as in a tool) or appropriately painted, by using a multiple coat process of primer, intermediate, and finish coats.



PROCESSED FOOD USE:
Food-grade phosphoric acid is used to acidify foods and beverages such as various colas.
Phosphoric acid provides a tangy taste, and, being a mass-produced chemical, is available cheaply and in large quantities.
The low cost and bulk availability of Phosphoric acid is unlike more expensive natural seasonings that give comparable flavors, such as ginger for tangyness, or citric acid for sourness, obtainable from lemons and limes.
Phosphoric acid is labeled as E number E338.



pH AND COMPOSITION of PHOSPHORIC ACID SOLUTION:
For a given total acid concentration [A] = [H3PO4] + [H2PO4−] + [HPO42−] + [PO43−] ([A] is the total number of moles of pure H3PO4 which have been used to prepare 1 liter of solution) , the composition of an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid can be calculated using the equilibrium equations associated with the three reactions described above together with the [H+][0H−] = 10−14 relation and the electrical neutrality equation.
The system may be reduced to a fifth degree equation for [H+] which can be solved numerically, yielding:
For large acid concentrations, the solution is mainly composed of H3PO4.
For [A] = 10−2, the pH is closed to pKa1, giving an equimolar mixture of H3PO4 and H2PO4−.
For [A] below 10−3, the solution is mainly composed of H2PO4− with [HPO42−] becoming non-negligible for very dilute solutions.
[PO43−] is always negligible.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PHOSPHORIC ACID:
Chemical formula: H3PO4
Molar mass: 97.994 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless solid
Odor: Odorless
Density: 1.6845 g/cm3 (25 °C, 85%),[1] 1.834 g/cm3 (solid)
Melting point: 42.35 °C (108.23 °F; 315.50 K) anhydrous
Boiling point: 212 °C (414 °F)[3](only water evaporates)
Solubility in water: 392.2 g/(100 g) (−16.3 °C)
*369.4 g/(100 mL) (0.5 °C)
*446 g/(100 mL) (15 °C)
*548 g/(100 mL) (20 °C)
Solubility: Soluble in ethanol
log P: −2.15[7]
Vapor pressure: 0.03 mmHg (20 °C)
Conjugate base: Dihydrogen phosphate

Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −43.8·10−6 cm3/mol[10]
Refractive index (nD): 1.3420 (8.8% w/w aq. soln.)
*1.4320 (85% aq. soln) 25 °C
Viscosity: 2.4–9.4 cP (85% aq. soln.)
*147 cP (100%)
Crystal structure: Monoclinic
Molecular shape: Tetrahedral
Heat capacity (C): 145.0 J/(mol⋅K)
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 150.8 J/(mol⋅K)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −1271.7 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵): −1
Molecular Weight: 97.995
XLogP3-AA: -2.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 97.97689557
Monoisotopic Mass: 97.97689557
Topological Polar Surface Area: 77.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 5
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 49.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical state: liquid, clear
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/range: 40 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 158 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: Not applicable
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,685 g/mL at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Boiling point: 158 °C (1013 mbar)
Density: 1.71 g/cm3 (20 °C)

Melting Point: 21 °C
pH value: Vapor pressure: 2 hPa (20 °C)
Viscosity kinematic:30.5 mm2/s (20 °C)
Appearance: white crystals (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 41.00 to 44.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 158.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 2.200000 mmHg @ 20.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 3.4 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -2.150
Soluble in: water, 5.386e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)



FIRST AID MEASURES of PHOSPHORIC ACID:
-General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
-After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
-In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
-After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
-After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PHOSPHORIC ACID:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PHOSPHORIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PHOSPHORIC ACID:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PHOSPHORIC ACID:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
No metal containers.
Tightly closed.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8B: Non-combustible,



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PHOSPHORIC ACID:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Phosphoric acid
7664-38-2
ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID
o-Phosphoric acid
Wc-reiniger
Acidum phosphoricum
Sonac
Phosphorsaeure
Evits
POLYPHOSPHORIC ACID
Acide phosphorique
Phosphoricum acidum
Acido fosforico
Phosphorsaeureloesungen
FEMA No. 2900
Oleth-4 phosphate
Superphosphoric acid
Fosforzuuroplossingen
ortho-phosphoric acid
Vococid
Amberphos 54
Polyphosphoric acids
Phosphate, dihydrogen
poly(phosphoric acid)
Phosphoric acid [NF]
trihydroxidooxidophosphorus
NSC-80804
H3PO4
E4GA8884NN
INS NO.338
CHEBI:26078
INS-338
MFCD00011340
62046-92-8
Y-11A06
Phosphoric acid (NF)
NCGC00091005-01
E 338
E-338
DSSTox_CID_4263
DSSTox_RID_77346
DSSTox_GSID_24263
9044-08-0
White phosphoric acid
Caswell No. 662
Phosphoric acid 75%
Phosphoric acid, ortho-
CAS-7664-38-2
CCRIS 2949
Phosphoric acid 85%
HSDB 1187
Phosphoric acid solution
Phosphoric acid, ACS reagent, >=85 wt. % in H2O
EINECS 231-633-2
NSC 80804
UN1805
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076001
UNII-E4GA8884NN
Phospholeum
phosphoric cid
Ortho-phosphate
phosphor-ic acid
Polyphosphorc acds
NFB Orthophosphate
2HP
Orthophosphate(3-)
ortho phosphoric acid
Phosphate ion(3-)
tetraoxophosphoric acid
Phosphate anion(3-)
Phosphate (PO43-)
Phosphoric acid, 75%
Phosphoric acid, 85%
Condensed phosphoric acid
Orthophosphate (PO43-)
Phosphoric acid ion(3-)
Phosphate ion (PO43-)
EC 231-633-2
CHEMBL1187
Phosphoric acid, 10% v/v
D-Mannan, dihydrogen phosphate
DTXSID5024263
PHOSPHORIC ACID [MART.]
Phosphoric acid, AR, >=88%
Phosphoric acid, technical grade
[PO(OH)3]
BDBM14671
CHEBI:52641
H3 P O4
trihydrogen tetraoxophosphate(3-)
Phosphoric acid solution, 1.0 M
Phosphoric acid, AR, 88-93%
Phosphoric acid, LR, 88-93%
Phosphoric Acid (Fragrance Grade)
Phosphoric Acid 85% Reagent ACS
PHOSPHORICUM ACIDUM [HPUS]
NSC80804
Phosphoric acid, 85%, ACS grade
Phosphoric acid, puriss., >=99%
Phosphoric acid, 85%, HPLC grade
Tox21_111053
Tox21_202285
Tox21_303246
Phosphoric acid, ACS reagent, 85%
PHOSPHORIC ACID [ORANGE BOOK]
Phosphoric acid, for HPLC, >=85%
AKOS028109726
DB09394
NCGC00091005-02
NCGC00257071-01
NCGC00259834-01
68891-72-5
E338
Phosphoric acid [UN1805]
Phosphoric acid, BioUltra, >=85% (T)
P1745
Phosphoric acid, SAJ first grade, >=85.0%
C00009
D05467
Orthophosphoric acid, 85% w/w aqueous solution
Phosphoric acid, JIS special grade, >=85.0%
Q184782
ETIDRONATE DISODIUM IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
J-523994
Q27110336
Phosphoric acid solution, 85 wt. % in H2O, FCC, FG
Phosphoric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, 85%
Phosphoric acid, 85% in H2O, 99.99% trace metal basis
ZOLEDRONIC ACID MONOHYDRATE IMPURITY F [EP IMPURITY]
730A9101-D5DE-4668-97CA-7B6178B84417
Phosphoric acid, crystalline, >=99.999% trace metals basis
Phosphoric acid, puriss. p.a., crystallized, >=99.0% (T)
PAMIDRONATE DISODIUM PENTAHYDRATE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
Phosphoric acid, 85 wt. % in H2O, 99.99% trace metals basis
Phosphoric acid, BioReagent, suitable for insect cell culture, 85%
Phosphoric acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Phosphoric acid, >=85 wt. % in H2O, >=99.999% trace metals basis
Phosphoric acid, semiconductor grade VLSI PURANAL(TM) (Honeywell 17644)
Phosphoric acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., >=85%
Phosphoric acid, semiconductor grade MOS PURANAL(TM) (Honeywell 17938), >=85%
Phosphoric acid, semiconductor grade PURANAL(TM) (Honeywell 17861), >=85%
Phosphate atomic spectroscopy standard concentrate 1.00 g PO43-, 1.00 g/L, for 1L standard solution, analytical standard
Phosphate atomic spectroscopy standard concentrate 10.00 g PO43-, 10.00 g/L, for 1 l standard solution, analytical standard
Phosphoric acid solution, NMR reference standard, 85% in D2O (99.9 atom % D), NMR tube size 3 mm x 8 in.
Phosphoric acid solution, NMR reference standard, 85% in D2O (99.9 atom % D), NMR tube size 4.2 mm x 8 in. , WGS-5BL Coaxial NMR tube
Phosphoric acid solution, NMR reference standard, 85% in D2O (99.9 atom % D), NMR tube size 5 mm x 8 in.
Phosphoric acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, packed in coated, shock- and leak-protected glass bottle, >=85% (T)
Phosphoric acid, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, NF, FCC, 85.0-88.0%

PHOSPHORIC ACID; N° CAS : 7664-38-2 - Acide phosphorique; Origine(s) : Synthétique. Autres langues : Acido fosforico, Phosphorsäure, Ácido fosfórico. Nom INCI : PHOSPHORIC ACID; Nom chimique : Orthophosphoric acid, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-633-2. Additif alimentaire : E338, Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Acide phosphorique; Acido fosforico; Acidum phosphoricum; Evits; Fosforzuuroplossingen; Hydrogen phosphate; o-Phosphoric acid;Orthophosphoric acid; phosphoric acid; phosphoric acid ... %, orthophosphoric acid ... %; phosphoric acid ... %, orthophosphoric acid ... %; Phosphoric acid, ortho-; phosphoric acid, orthophosphoric acid; PHOSPHORIC ACID, SOLID; PHOSPHORIC ACID, SOLUTION; Phosphoricum acidum; Phosphorsaeure; Phosphorsaeureloesungen; Sonac; Translated names; ...% fosforo rūgštis, ...% ortofosforo rūgštis (lt); acid fosforic….%, acid ortofosforic….% (ro); acide phosphorique ... % (fr); acido fosforico ... % (it); Fosforhape …%, ortofosforhape …% (et); Fosforihappo... % (fi); fosforjeva kislina…%, ortofosforjeva kislina...% (sl); fosforna kiselina ... %, ortofosforna kiselina ... % (hr); fosforsyra ... % (sv); fosforsyre ... % (da); fosforzuur ... % (nl); foszforsav ...%, ortofoszforsav ...% (hu); kwas fosforowy(V) ... % (pl); kwas ortofosforowy(V) ... % (pl); kyselina fosforečná ... %, kyselina trihydrogenfosforečná ... % (sk); kyselina orthofosforečná ...% (cs); phosphorsyre ... % (da); Phosphorsäure ... % (de); … % fosforskābe, … % ortofosforskābe (lv); ácido fosfórico ... % (es); ácido fosfórico em solução ... % (pt); ácido ortofosfórico ... % (es); ορθοφωσφορικό οξύ ... % (el); фосфорна киселина...%, ортофосфорна киселина...% (bg); ortho phosphoric acid; ortho-phosphoric acid; Orthophosphoric aci; orthophosphoric acid ... %; orthophosphoric acid ...%; orthophosphoric acid 75%; orthophosphoric acid 85 %; ortophosphoric acid; phopshoric acid 85%; phosphoric acid ... %; phosphoric acid ... %, orthophosphoric acid; phosphoric acid 75 %; phosphoric acid 85%; Phosphoric Acid; Phosphoric acid, o-Phosphoric acid; phosphoric acid...%, orthophosphoric acid...%; phosphoric acide; Phosphoric acod; Phosphorsäure; Reaction mass of 1-methoxypropan-2-ol and oxalic acid and sulphuric acid and (2-methoxymethylethoxy)propanol; Reaction mass of 64-19-7 and 7697-37-2; Reaction mass of ortho-phosphoric aceide, zinc oxide and aluminium oxide; Trihydrogenphosphat; trihydroxido oxidophosphorus; trihydroxidooxidophosphorus; Trihydroxidooxidophosphorus Phosphoric acid

OrthoPhosphoric acid; o-Phosphoric acid CAS NO:7664-38-2

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is widely used in agriculture as a fungicide to control fungal diseases in various crops.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is applied as a foliar spray or soil drench to protect plants from infections caused by pathogens.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is effective against diseases such as downy mildew, Phytophthora, and Pythium.

CAS Number: 13598-36-2
EC Number: 237-066-7

Phosphonic acid, Phosphorous trihydroxide, OrthoPhosphorous acid (phosphonic acid), Phosphonous acid, Phosphorus(III) hydroxide, Phosphorus trihydroxide, Hydroxyphosphine, Phosphorus hydride oxide, Phosphorus triol, Phosphorus oxide hydroxide, Phosphorus(III) oxide hydroxide, Orthophosphonic acid, Phosphorus(III) acid, Phosphonic hydroxide, Phosphonous hydroxide, Phosphorus hydroxide, Hydroxyphosphonic acid, Phosphonic(III) acid, Phosphorus hydroxide (H3O3P), Trihydroxyphosphine, Phosphonic acid (H3PO3), Phosphonic acid (H3O3P), Hydroxyphosphonic acid, Phosphonate, OrthoPhosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) (H3PO3), Phosphorus acid, Phosphorous hydroxide (H3O3P), Phosphonate ion, Hydrogenphosphinic acid, Trihydroxyphosphine oxide, Phosphonous acid (H3PO3), Orthophosphonic acid (H3PO3), Hydrogen phosphite, Phosphite, Phosphorus(III) oxide, OrthoPhosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) (H3O3P), Phosphorus oxide, Phosphonic acid, Hydroxyphosphonate, Phosphorous trihydride oxide, Phosphorus hydroxide (H3PO3), Trihydroxyphosphine oxide (H3PO3), Phosphite ion, Orthophosphonic acid (H3O3P), Hydrogen phosphonate, Phosphonic acid ion, Phosphonic(III) acid (H3PO3), Phosphonous acid, Phosphorous trihydride oxide (H3PO3), Phosphonic acid (1:1), Phosphonous acid ion, Hydrogen phosphonic acid, Phosphorus hydroxide (1:1), Phosphorus trihydroxide (H3PO3), Hydroxyphosphine oxide, Phosphoric acid hydroxide, Phosphorous hydroxide, Phosphonic acid, Phosphorus(III) hydroxide, Phosphorus trihydride oxide, Phosphorus acid



APPLICATIONS


Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is widely used in agriculture as a fungicide to control fungal diseases in various crops.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is applied as a foliar spray or soil drench to protect plants from infections caused by pathogens.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is effective against diseases such as downy mildew, Phytophthora, and Pythium.

In horticulture, it is used to treat ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, and turfgrass.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) helps in promoting healthy plant growth and increasing crop yields by preventing fungal infestations.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is utilized in the synthesis of phosphonate-based herbicides for weed control.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) serves as a precursor in the production of phosphite salts, which are used as plant nutrients.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is employed in the manufacturing of flame retardants for textiles, plastics, and construction materials.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) acts as a reducing agent in chemical processes and serves as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used in metal surface treatment applications to enhance corrosion resistance.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) finds application in the production of pharmaceuticals, antioxidants, and fine chemicals.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is utilized in the synthesis of phosphite esters, which serve as stabilizers and antioxidants in polymers.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is added to detergents and cleaning agents as a sequestering agent to bind metal ions.

In water treatment, it is used to inhibit the growth of algae and control microbial populations in cooling water systems.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is employed in the electroplating industry as a reducing agent for metal deposition.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) serves as a catalyst or catalyst precursor in organic reactions such as hydroformylation and hydrogenation.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used in the production of adhesives, sealants, and coatings for various applications.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) finds application in the synthesis of phosphonate-based chelating agents used in metal extraction and purification processes.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is employed in the preparation of flame-retardant additives for synthetic fibers, textiles, and automotive components.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used in the manufacture of polyphosphoric acid, which serves as a dehydration agent and catalyst in chemical reactions.
In the electronics industry, it is utilized in the production of soldering fluxes and printed circuit boards.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) finds application in the preparation of phosphorus-containing polymers and resins.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is added to drilling fluids and completion fluids in the oil and gas industry as a corrosion inhibitor.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is employed in the production of food additives, flavors, and fragrances.
Overall, Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) has diverse applications across industries, including agriculture, chemical manufacturing, water treatment, and materials science.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used in the production of metal phosphides, which are employed as rodenticides and insecticides.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) serves as a source of phosphorus for nutrient solutions used in hydroponic and fertigation systems.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is utilized in the synthesis of phosphite esters, which act as stabilizers and antioxidants in polymers.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) finds application in the manufacturing of flame-retardant coatings for wood, textiles, and electrical cables.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is added to adhesives and sealants to improve their adhesion properties and resistance to environmental degradation.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used as a reducing agent in electroless nickel plating processes to deposit a uniform layer of nickel on substrates.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is employed in the production of phosphonate-based scale inhibitors for preventing mineral scale formation in water systems.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) serves as a precursor in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds used in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is utilized in the synthesis of phosphine ligands, which are important in coordination chemistry and catalysis.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) finds application in the formulation of metalworking fluids and lubricants to improve machining performance and corrosion resistance.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is added to polymer dispersions and emulsions as a stabilizing agent to prevent coagulation and phase separation.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) serves as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling water systems, boilers, and heat exchangers to protect metal surfaces from rust and scale formation.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is employed in the production of photoinitiators and UV stabilizers used in coatings, inks, and adhesives.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) finds application in the synthesis of phosphonate-based chelating agents used in metal extraction and purification processes.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is added to concrete admixtures to enhance the strength, durability, and resistance to sulfate attack.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) serves as a catalyst or cocatalyst in polymerization reactions for the production of polyolefins, polyesters, and polyamides.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used in the manufacture of fireproofing materials, such as intumescent coatings and fire barriers.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) finds application in the preparation of phosphorus-containing surfactants used in detergents and cleaning formulations.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is employed in the synthesis of phosphonate-based corrosion inhibitors for metalworking fluids and hydraulic fluids.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) serves as a source of phosphorus for the synthesis of phosphorus-containing compounds used in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is added to fertilizer formulations to provide a readily available source of phosphorus for plant uptake.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) finds application in the synthesis of phosphorus-containing dyes, pigments, and colorants used in textile and printing industries.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is utilized in the production of specialty chemicals, such as flame retardants, plasticizers, and surfactants.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) serves as a reducing agent in the purification of metals and metalloids, such as arsenic and antimony.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is employed in the synthesis of phosphorus-containing polymers used in coatings, adhesives, and biomedical applications.



DESCRIPTION

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid), also known as phosphonic acid, is a chemical compound with the formula H3PO3. It is a diprotic acid, meaning it can donate two protons in acidic solutions. Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) exists in various forms, including its hydrated form (H3PO3•H2O) and as salts known as phosphonates.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is composed of one phosphorus atom (P) bonded to three hydroxyl groups (-OH). It is structurally distinct from phosphoric acid (H3PO4), which contains one more oxygen atom and is a stronger acid.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used in various applications, including as a reducing agent in organic synthesis, as a component in the production of flame retardants, and as a metal surface treatment agent.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is also used in agriculture as a fungicide and plant nutrient.
Additionally, Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) plays a role in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, detergents, and water treatment chemicals.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is a colorless, odorless crystalline solid.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) has a molecular formula of H3PO3.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is composed of one phosphorus atom and three hydroxyl groups.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is classified as a weak acid in aqueous solutions.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) has a molar mass of approximately 82.00 g/mol.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) has a density of about 1.651 g/cm³ in its solid form.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is soluble in water, alcohol, and other polar solvents.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) melts at around 70°C and decomposes at higher temperatures.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used as a precursor in the synthesis of various organic and inorganic compounds.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is an intermediate in the production of phosphonates and phosphites.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) exhibits reducing properties and can act as a reducing agent in chemical reactions.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is used as a fungicide in agriculture to control fungal diseases in crops.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) plays a role in the regulation of plant growth and development.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is also utilized in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is employed in metal surface treatment processes to enhance corrosion resistance.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is involved in the production of flame retardants for various applications.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is a precursor in the manufacture of plasticizers and surfactants.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is known for its ability to chelate metal ions in solution.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is stable under normal storage and handling conditions.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) reacts with strong oxidizing agents to produce phosphoric acid.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is an important reagent in the laboratory for organic and inorganic syntheses.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) exhibits moderate toxicity and should be handled with care.

Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) has applications in the production of detergents and cleaning agents.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is a key ingredient in the formulation of water treatment chemicals.
Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) is a versatile compound with diverse industrial and agricultural applications.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: H3PO3
Molecular Weight: Approximately 82.00 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless or slightly yellow crystalline solid
Odor: Odorless
Density: 1.651 g/cm³ (solid)
Melting Point: Decomposes without melting
Solubility in Water: Soluble
Solubility in Other Solvents: Soluble in alcohol and other polar solvents
pH: Approximately 2.0 (for a 10% aqueous solution)
Acidity: Weak acid
Boiling Point: Decomposes without boiling
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Flash Point: Not applicable (non-flammable)
Flammability: Non-flammable
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable
Refractive Index: Not applicable (solid)
Hygroscopicity: Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air)
Viscosity: Not applicable (solid)
Crystal Structure: Crystalline
Thermal Stability: Decomposes at high temperatures
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal conditions, but decomposes upon heating or in the presence of oxidizing agents
Hydrolysis: Reacts with water to produce Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) and phosphoric acid
Corrosivity: Non-corrosive to metals in its pure form
Toxicity: Low toxicity, but may cause irritation upon prolonged or repeated exposure
Biodegradability: May biodegrade in the environment under certain conditions
Environmental Impact: Low environmental persistence, but may contribute to eutrophication in water bodies if released in large quantities
Compatibility: Compatible with most common materials but may react with strong oxidizing agents or bases
Electrical Conductivity: Poor electrical conductivity in its pure form
Surface Tension: Not applicable (solid)
Partition Coefficient (Log P): Not applicable (solid)
UV Absorbance: Not applicable (solid)
Taste: Not applicable (solid)
Spectral Properties: Not applicable (solid)
Radioactivity: Not radioactive



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) vapors or fumes are inhaled, immediately move the affected person to an area with fresh air.

Ensure Breathing:
Check the person's airway, breathing, and circulation.
If breathing is difficult, ensure an open airway and provide rescue breathing if necessary.

Seek Medical Attention:
If symptoms such as difficulty breathing, coughing, or respiratory distress persist, seek medical attention promptly.

Provide Oxygen:
If available and trained to do so, administer oxygen to the affected person while awaiting medical assistance.

Keep Calm and Reassure:
Keep the affected person calm and reassure them while waiting for medical help.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
If Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) comes into contact with the skin, promptly remove any contaminated clothing.

Wash Skin Thoroughly:
Wash the affected area with soap and water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring thorough rinsing to remove any traces of Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid).

Use Mild Soap:
Use a mild soap or detergent to gently cleanse the skin, avoiding harsh chemicals that may exacerbate irritation.

Apply Moisturizer:
After washing, apply a soothing moisturizer or emollient to the affected area to help soothe and hydrate the skin.

Seek Medical Advice:
If skin irritation persists or worsens, seek medical advice or consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment.


Eye Contact:

Flush with Water:
Immediately flush the eyes with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.

Remove Contact Lenses:
If wearing contact lenses, remove them as soon as possible to facilitate irrigation of the eyes.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention or contact an eye specialist if irritation, pain, or redness persists after flushing.


Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting if Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) has been ingested, as it may lead to further complications.

Do Not Drink Water:
Refrain from giving anything by mouth to the affected person unless instructed by medical personnel.

Seek Medical Assistance:
Immediately contact a poison control center or seek medical assistance for further guidance and treatment.

Provide Information:
Provide medical personnel with details regarding the amount ingested, the time of ingestion, and any symptoms experienced by the affected person.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including safety glasses or goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, and protective clothing, when handling Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) to minimize skin and eye contact.

Avoid Inhalation:
Avoid breathing in dust, vapors, or mists of Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid).
Use local exhaust ventilation or wear a respirator if necessary to prevent inhalation exposure.

Prevent Skin Contact:
Prevent skin contact by wearing gloves and long-sleeved clothing.
In case of skin contact, wash affected areas thoroughly with soap and water.

Prevent Eye Contact:
Wear safety glasses or goggles to protect eyes from potential splashes or mists.
In case of eye contact, immediately flush eyes with water and seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Minimize Dust Generation:
Handle Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) in a manner that minimizes dust generation.
Use appropriate handling and transfer equipment to reduce the risk of airborne exposure.

Avoid Contamination:
Prevent contamination of other materials, food, beverages, or tobacco products with Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid).
Wash hands thoroughly after handling and before eating, drinking, or smoking.

Dispose of Waste Properly:
Dispose of waste materials, such as empty containers or spilled product, in accordance with local regulations and guidelines for hazardous waste disposal.


Storage:

Container Selection:
Store Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) in tightly sealed containers made of compatible materials, such as polyethylene or glass, to prevent moisture ingress and contamination.

Labeling:
Clearly label containers with the product name, hazard symbols, handling instructions, and storage conditions to ensure proper identification and safe handling.

Temperature Control:
Store Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, which may affect product stability.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in storage areas to prevent the buildup of vapors or fumes.
Use mechanical ventilation or natural ventilation as appropriate.

Separation:
Store Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizing agents, bases, and metals, to prevent chemical reactions or hazards.

Avoid Stacking:
Avoid stacking containers of Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) to prevent damage or collapse.
Store containers on shelves or racks with adequate support and spacing.

Handling Precautions:
Handle containers with care to prevent spills or leaks.
Use appropriate lifting equipment and techniques when moving or transporting heavy containers.

Security Measures:
Implement security measures, such as locked storage areas or restricted access, to prevent unauthorized handling or tampering with Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid).

Emergency Response:
Have appropriate spill containment and cleanup materials readily available in case of spills or leaks.
Train personnel on proper spill response procedures and emergency protocols.

Phosphorus Penta Oxide; Phosphoric Anhydride; Diphosphorus Pentoxide; Phosphorus Pentoxide; Phosphoric Pentoxide; Diphosphorus Pentoxide; cas no: 1314-56-3

Phosphoric Anhydride; Diphosphorus Pentoxide;Phosphorus Pentoxide; Phosphoric Pentoxide; Diphosphorus Pentoxide; CAS NO:1314-56-3

Phosphorus flame retardants are a broad and expanding class of additive or reactive building-blocks used to improve the fire safety of flammable materials such as plastics, textiles, wood, paper, and other flammable materials.
Indeed, with the new environmental restrictions, Phosphorus flame retardants have taken a large part of the additive for polymeric material market.
Phosphorus flame retardants act mainly in the solid phase of burning polymeric materials and cause the polymer to char, thus inhibiting the pyrolysis process necessary to feed the flames.

CAS: 5945-33-5
MF: C39H34O8P2
MW: 692.64
EINECS: 425-220-8

Synonyms
Phosphoric acid,P,P'-[(1-Methylethylidene)di-4,1-phenylene] P,P,P',P'-tetraphenyl ester;Phosphoric Acid Isopropylidenedi-p-phenylene Tetraphenyl Ester;BISPHENYL A BIS (DIPHENYL PHOSPHATE) BDP;Phosphoric acid, (1-methylethylidene)di-4,1-phenylene tetraphenyl ester;Bisphenol-A-di(diphenylphosphat);Bisphenol-A Bis(Diphenyl Phosphate);OLIGOMERICBISPHENYLABIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHATE);2,2-Bis[4-[bis(phenoxy)phos;5945-33-5;Bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate);Fyrolflex BDP;bisphenol-a bis(diphenyl phosphate);BADP
;Tetraphenyl (propane-2,2-diylbis(4,1-phenylene)) bis(phosphate);Bisphenol A tetraphenyl diphosphate;Tetraphenyl bisphenol A bisphosphate;Phosphoric acid, (1-methylethylidene)di-4,1-phenylene tetraphenyl ester;[4-[2-(4-diphenoxyphosphoryloxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenyl] diphenyl phosphate;2,2-Bis[4-[bis(phenoxy)phosphoryloxy]phenyl]propane;Phosphoric acid, P,P'-((1-methylethylidene)di-4,1-phenylene) P,P,P',P'-tetraphenyl ester;bis(diphenyl phosphate);SCHEMBL218852;DTXSID8052720;MFCD09753077;AKOS025310796;CS-0187691;NS00003720;E78704;A917851;4-(2-{4-[(DIPHENOXYPHOSPHORYL)OXY]PHENYL}PROPAN-2-YL)PHENYL DIPHENYL PHOSPHATE

Phosphorus flame retardants is a non-halogen flame retardant with good low volatility and thermal stability in production applications, meeting the processing requirements of most plastic products.
With high hydrolytic stability, heat resistance, high insulation property.
Phosphorus flame retardants is a halogen-free flame retardant used plastics.
Phosphorus flame retardants is used in polymer blends of engineering plastics, such as PPO/HIPS and PC/ABS, which are commonly used to make casing for electrical items like TVs, computers and home appliances.
Phosphorus flame retardants is formed by the transesterification of bisphenol A with triphenyl phosphate.
The commercial grade material can contain oligomers.
Acts as a phosphate ester flame retardant.
Phosphorus flame retardants is a colorless transparent liquid.
Suitable for polycarbonate, ABS, PPO, HIPS and other polymers.

Phosphorus flame retardants Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 679.6±48.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.283±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
Vapor pressure: 0-0.001Pa at 25℃
Storage temp.: Refrigerator
Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: Oil
Color: Colourless to Off-White
Water Solubility: 415μg/L at 20℃
LogP: 6 at 20℃
EPA Substance Registry System: Phosphorus flame retardants (5945-33-5)

Uses
Phosphorus flame retardants is a flame retardant.
Phosphorus flame retardants is used in electrical wire covering and other flame resistant materials.

SYNONYMS Phosphorus sulfide; Thiophosphoric Anhydride;Pentasulfure de phosphore (French); Phosphoric Sulfide; Phosphorus Persulfide; Sirnik Fosforecny (Czech); Sulfur Phosphide; Tetraphosphorus Decasulfide; Phosphorus(V) sulfide; Diphosphorus Pentasulfide; cas no: 1314-80-3

Phosphoric Anhydride; Diphosphorus Pentoxide; Phosphorus Pentoxide; Phosphoric Pentoxide; Diphosphorus Pentoxide CAS NO:1314-56-3

Phosphoric Anhydride; Diphosphorus Pentoxide; Phosphorus Pentoxide; Phosphoric Pentoxide; Diphosphorus Pentoxide CAS NO: 1314-56-3

Orthophosphorous acid; Dihydroxyphosphine oxide; Phosphorus; Trihydroxide; Trihydroxyphosphine; Phosphonsäure (Dutch); ácido fosfónico (Spanish); Acide phosphonique (French); cas no : 13598-36-2

Phosphorous Acid; Orthophosphorous acid; Dihydroxyphosphine oxide; Phosphorus; Trihydroxide; Trihydroxyphosphine; Phosphonsäure; ácido fosfónico; Acide phosphonique; cas no:13598-36-2

cas no 85-44-9 1,3-Isobenzofuranidone; 1,3-Dioxophthalan; Phthalandione; 1,3 Phthalandione; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid anhydride; Phthalic acid anhydride; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic anhydride; 1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxoisobenzofuran;

DESCRIPTION:
PHT-4-DIOL is a tetrabromophthalate diol grade.
PHT-4-DIOL Acts as a flame retardant.
PHT-4-DIOL is a light brown viscous liquid.
PHT-4-DIOL Exhibits low viscosity (pours at room temperature) offering improved process handling and storage characteristics versus neat PHT-4-DIOL

CAS Reg. Number [77098-07-8]
EU CAS Number [20566-35-2]

SYNONYM: Tetrabromophthalic Diol

PHT-4-DIOL is the Netchem tradename for Tetrabromophthalic Diol (TBPD), CAS 20566-35-2 or 77098-07-8.
PHT-4-DIOL is a reactive flame retardant which is compatible with many polyols and blowing agents as part of polyurethane foam.


PHT-4-DIOL Exhibits excellent compatibility with a broad range of commercial polyols and blowing agents.
PHT-4-DIOL is Completely soluble in dichloromethane, toluene and methyl ethyl ketone.
PHT-4-DIOL is Suitable for Class 1 and Class 2 rigid polyurethane foams, polyurethane RIM (Reaction injection molding) and elastomers.
The components of PHT4-DIOL™ LV are reported in US.

TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act), Canadian DSL (Domestic Substances List), AICS (Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances), NZIoC (New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals), KECI (Korea Existing Chemicals Inventory), PICCS (The Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances) and IECSC (Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances Produced or Imported in China) inventory.


PHT-4-DIOL tetrabromophthalate diol, is a reactive flame retardant intermediate.
PHT-4-DIOL is a viscous, light brown colored liquid which exhibits excellent compatibility with a broad range of commercial polyols and blowing agents.

B-465 is a reactive Flame Retardant, mainly for the hardness of the polyurethane foam flame retardant adhesives and coatings.

PHT-4-DIOL is excellent for class 1 and class 2 rigid polyurethane foam, its foam can be formulated for excellent physical properties or favorable economics.
Other application areas include polyurethane RIM, elastomers, coatings, adhesives and fibers.



Tetrabromophthalic anhydride and tetrabromophthalate diol are marketed by LANXESS Solutions US Inc. under the trade names PHT4™ and PHT4-Diol™.
They are reactive flame retardants that are used to reduce the ignition and flammability characteristics of unsaturated polyester resins (PHT4) and polyurethanes (PHT4- Diol).
Polyester resins and polyurethanes are derived from petroleum products and are typically highly flammable, if no flame retardants are used during manufacturing.

PHT4 and PHT4-Diol are used in the manufacture of polyester and polyurethane products because they can decrease the possibility of the ignition of the base plastic, and, if ignition does occur, can slow the spread of fire and allow more escape and response time.
PHT4 and PHT4-Diol will chemically bond with other chemicals used to make polyester or polyurethane to form new unique materials.
PHT4 and PHT4-Diol are handled in industrial facilities designed for the manufacture of polyester or polyurethane products that can benefit from reduced flammability characteristics.


PHT4 and PHT4-Diol are produced in dedicated manufacturing units.
During production, the raw materials are combined in production units designed for the manufacture of chemicals.
The resulting reaction products are further refined to meet their respective specifications and then packaged in bulk, semi-bulk and smaller packages for distribution to customers that use it to provide flame retardant properties to their products through a transformation reaction.





APPLICATIONS OF PHT-4-DIOL:
PHT-4-DIOL is recommended as a reactive flame retardant for Class 1 and Class 2 rigid polyurethane foam.
PHT-4-DIOL foams can be formulated for excellent physical properties with favorable economics.
Other application areas include polyurethane RIM, elastomers, coatings, adhesives and fibers.

USES OF PHT-4-DIOL:

PHT-4-DIOL is used as a raw material in the manufacture of PHT4-Diol.
PHT4 is also used to produce unsaturated polyester resins to reduce flammability.
Similarly, PHT4-Diol is used primarily to produce rigid polyurethane foam with a reduced potential to ignite.

The polymers where flame retardants are used are constructed using petroleum products or organic materials and consequently can be highly flammable, if left unmodified.
After the polyester or polyurethane are modified through the addition of PHT4 or PHT4 Diol to the product mix, the base materials are much less likely to ignite.
If ignition does occur, the fire will spread more slowly than if the base polymer was left unmodified.

Industrial Use:
PHT4 and PHT4-Diol are used to manufacture unsaturated polyester resin or rigid polyurethane foam products respectively.
They are typically used in well-controlled manufacturing facilities by people trained in the hazards of polymer additives and chemicals.
PHT4 and PHT4-Diol used in a manufacturing setting are handled using best practice techniques developed to minimize any potential risk of exposure to liquids, vapors or solids.

Typically, use sites utilize engineered systems to minimize the potential for exposure to all the chemicals used in the process.
Unplanned releases or spills of PHT4 and PHT4-Diol are not expected to represent a life threatening situation, due to their chemical characteristics.

In any spill or release incident, all non-essential personnel are immediately evacuated upwind of the spilled material.
All personnel involved with correcting a spill situation are trained and properly equipped with the required personal protective equipment.

Consumer Use:
PHT-4-DIOL is very unlikely that consumers would be exposed to PHT4 and PHT4-Diol in their concentrated form, because they are only sold for industrial use to be transformed into polymers and other products and are not themselves consumer products, nor do they occur in their concentrated form in consumer products.


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PHT-4-DIOL:
Appearance Lt. Brown Viscous Liquid
Bromine Content, % 46
Specific Gravity @ 25 ºC, g/ml 1.9
Product name: Tetrabromophthalate Diol (TBPD)
Our Brand: ProFlame - B465
Molecular Formula: C15H16Br4O7
CAS NO.: 77098‐07‐8
EC NO.: 20566-35-2
Molecular Weight: 627.8
Appearance

Light Amber Ropy Liquid

Moisture( % )

≤0.1

Content of bromine ( % )

≥45

Acid value (mgKOH/g)

≤1.0

Hydroxide value (mgKOH/g)

Hydroxide value (mgKOH/g)

Viscosity CP/25℃

30,000~80,000

PHT4 :
Appearance: Light Tan Powder
Melting Range: 274-277 °C
Water Solubility:
PHT4-Diol :
Appearance: Light brown viscous liquid
Melting Point: -86 °C
Water Solubility:


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT PHT-4-DIOL
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.