popcorn flavor

paullinia cupana fruit extract; extract of the fruits of the guarana, paullinia cupana, sapindaceae; guarana fruit extract; paullinia sorbilis fruit extract CAS NO:84929-28-2

P-BENZOQUINONE


CAS Number: 106-51-4
EC Number: 203-405-2
MDL number: MFCD00001591
Chemical formula: C6H4O2


p-benzoquinone, commonly known as para-quinone, is a chemical compound with the formula C6H4O2.
In a pure state, p-benzoquinone forms bright-yellow crystals with a characteristic irritating odor, resembling that of chlorine, bleach, and hot plastic or formaldehyde.
This six-membered ring compound is the oxidized derivative of p-benzoquinone.


The molecule is multifunctional: p-benzoquinone exhibits properties of a ketone, being able to form oximes; an oxidant, forming the dihydroxy derivative; and an alkene, undergoing addition reactions, especially those typical for α,β-unsaturated ketones.
p-benzoquinone is sensitive toward both strong mineral acids and alkali, which cause condensation and decomposition of the compound.
p-benzoquinone is a yellow, crystalline material or large yellow, monoclinic prisms.


p-benzoquinone is the chemical compound with the formula C6H4O2.
This nonaromatic six-membered ring compound is the oxidized derivative of p-benzoquinone.
p-benzoquinone is multifunctional: p-benzoquinone exhibits properties of a ketone, forming an oxime; an oxidant, forming the dihydroxy derivative; and an alkene, undergoing addition reactions.


p-Benzoquinone is a yellow, crystalline (sand-like) solid with a Chlorine-like odor.
p-benzoquinone was first produced commercially in 1919, and has since been manufactured in several European countries, Japan and the United States.
p-Benzoquinone is the simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone.


p-Benzoquinone is a metabolite of benzene.
p-Benzoquinone is a natural product found in Blaps lethifera, Euglena gracilis, and other organisms with data available.
p-Benzoquinone appears as a yellowish-colored crystalline solid with a pungent, irritating odor.
p-benzoquinone is yellow crystal.


p-benzoquinone's melting point is 116 ° C and the relative density is 1.318 (20 / 4 ° C).
p-benzoquinone is soluble in ethanol, ether and alkali, slightly soluble in water.
p-benzoquinone sublimates and the vapor is volatile and partially decomposes.
p-benzoquinone has a pungent odor similar to chlorine.


p-benzoquinone is dissolved in ethanol, and slightly dissolved in acetone, but insoluble in water, benzene and gasoline.
p-Benzoquinone is soluble in water and denser than water.
If moist p-Benzoquinone may decompose spontaneously above 140°F.
This has occurred in drums, causing over-pressurization.


p-Benzoquinone acts as an oxidizing agent.
p-benzoquinone, also known as benzoquinone or 1,4-benzochinon, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-benzoquinones.
These are benzoquinones where the two C=O groups are attached at the 1- and 4-positions, respectively.
p-benzoquinoneis an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa).


p-benzoquinoneexists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.
p-benzoquinonehas been detected, but not quantified in, a few different foods, such as anises, barley, and olives.
This could make p-benzoquinone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
p-benzoquinone exists as a large yellow, monoclinic prism with an irritating odour resembling that of chlorine.


p-benzoquinonewas first produced commercially in 1919 and has since been manufactured in several European countries.
p-benzoquinone appears as a yellowish-colored crystalline solid with a pungent, irritating odor.
p-benzoquinone, commonly known as para-quinone, is a chemical compound with the formula C6H4O2.
p-benzoquinone is the basic structure of quinonoid compounds.


They are widely distributed in the natural world, being found in bacteria, plants and arthropods and hence quinones are ubiquitous to living systems.
Quinones play pivotal role in biological functions including oxidative phosphorylation and electron transfer.
p-benzoquinone is the simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone.


p-benzoquinone is a metabolite of benzene.
p-benzoquinone is Light yellow crystals with an acrid odor resembling chlorine.
p-benzoquinone's odor threshold concentration is 84 ppb.
p-benzoquinone exists as a large yellow, monoclinic prism with an irritating odour resembling that of chlorine.


p-benzoquinone was first produced commercially in 1919 and has since been manufactured in several European countries.
When heated to near its melting point, p-benzoquinone sublimes, even at atmospheric pressure, allowing for an effective purification.
Impure samples are often dark-colored due to the presence of quinhydrone, a dark green 1:1 charge-transfer complex of quinone with hydroquinone.



USES and APPLICATIONS of P-BENZOQUINONE:
1,4-Benzoquinone is used in the synthesis of Bromadol and related analogs.
p-benzoquinone's major use is in hydroquinone production, but it is also used as a polymerisation inhibitor and as an intermediate in the production of a variety of substances, including rubber accelerators and oxidising agents.
p-benzoquinone is used in the dye, textile, chemical, tanning, and cosmetic industries.


In chemical synthesis for p-benzoquinone and other chemicals, quinone is used as an intermediate.
p-benzoquinone is also used in the manufacturing industries and chemical laboratory associated with protein fibre, photographic film, hydrogen peroxide, and gelatin making.
p-benzoquinone is extensively used as a chemical intermediate, a polymerisation inhibitor, an oxidising agent, a photographic chemical, a tanning agent, and a chemical reagent.


p-benzoquinone is used as a chemical intermediate, a polymerization inhibitor, an oxidizing agent, a photographic chemical, a tanning agent, and a chemical reagent.
p-benzoquinone's major use is in hydroquinone production, but it is also used as a polymerization inhibitor and as an intermediate in the production of a variety of substances, including rubber accelerators and oxidizing agents


p-Benzoquinone is widely used in medicine, pesticides, chemicals, dyes, etc.
p-benzoquinone is used as a fungicide, as a reagent in
photography, and to make dyes and other chemicals.
p-Benzoquinone is used as a catalyst in the preperation of allyl silyl ethers.


p-Benzoquinone is a superoxide scavenger that has been used in the characterization of carnation-like SnS2 nanostructure photocatalysts for photodegredation.
Oxidation of p-benzoquinone is facile.
One such method makes use of hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizer and iodine or an iodine salt as a catalyst for the oxidation occurring in a polar solvent; e.g. isopropyl alcohol.


p-Benzoquinone is used as a dienophile in Diels-Alder cycloadditions to prepare naphthoquinones and 1,4-phenanthrenediones.
p-benzoquinone acts as a dehydrogenation reagent and an oxidizer in synthetic organic chemistry.
In the Thiele-Winter reaction, p-benzoquinone is involved in the preparation of triacetate of hydroxyquinol by reacting with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid.
p-benzoquinone is also used in the synthesis of bromadol and to suppress double- bond migration during olefin metathesis reactions.


p-benzoquinone is used as a precursor to hydroquinone which finds application in photography and as a reducing agent and an antioxidant in rubber production.
p-benzoquinone is used intermediates for dyes and pharmaceuticals.
p-benzoquinone is used as a qualitative test for celery, pyridine, azole, tyrosine and hydroquinone.


p-benzoquinone is used for the determination of amino acids in the analysis.
p-Benzoquinone is used to make dyes and as a photographic chemical.
p-Benzoquinone is used as a dienophile in Diels-Alder cycloadditions to prepare naphthoquinones and 1,4-phenanthrenediones.
p-benzoquinone acts as a dehydrogenation reagent and an oxidizer in synthetic organic chemistry.


In the Thiele-Winter reaction, p-benzoquinone is involved in the preparation of triacetate of hydroxyquinol by reacting with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid.
p-benzoquinone is also used in the synthesis of bromadol and to suppress double- bond migration during olefin metathesis reactions.
p-benzoquinone is used as a precursor to hydroquinone which finds application in photography and as a reducing agent and an antioxidant in rubber production.


p-Benzoquinone, also known as para-quinone or 1,4-Benzoquinone, is used as a precursor to hydroquinone.
p-benzoquinone, 99% Cas 106-51-4 - used in the synthesis of bromadol and to suppress double- bond migration during olefin metathesis reactions.
p-benzoquinone, 99% Cas 106-51-4 - used as a precursor to hydroquinone which finds application in photography and as a reducing agent and an antioxidant in rubber production.


p-benzoquinone is extensively used as a chemical intermediate, a polymerisation inhibitor, an oxidising agent, a photographic chemical, a tanning agent, and a chemical reagent.
p-benzoquinone's major use is in hydroquinone production, but it is also used as a polymerisation inhibitor and as an intermediate in the production of a variety of substances, including rubber accelerators and oxidising agents.


p-benzoquinone is used in the dye, textile, chemical, tanning, and cosmetic industries.
In chemical synthesis for hydroquinone and other chemicals, p-benzoquinone is used as an intermediate.
p-benzoquinone is also used in the manufacturing industries and chemical laboratory associated with protein fibre, photographic film, hydrogen peroxide, and gelatin making.


p-benzoquinone is used in the manufacture of dyes, fungicide, and hydroquinone; for tanning hides; as an oxidizing agent; in photography; making gelatin insoluble; strengthening animal fibers and as reagent.
p-benzoquinone is a dehydrogenation reagent.
The derivatives tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone are stronger oxidants.
Whereas the resulting phenolate as reaction product of 1,4-benzoquinone (hydroquinone) is nucleophilic, a similar oxidant - 3,3',5'5-tetra-tert-butyldiphenoquinone - can be used in the presence of sensitive electrophilic groups.


-Applications of p-benzoquinone in organic synthesis:
p-benzoquinone is used as a hydrogen acceptor and oxidant in organic synthesis.
p-benzoquinone serves as a dehydrogenation reagent.
p-benzoquinone is also uses as a dienophile in Diels Alder reactions.



PREPARATION OF P-BENZOQUINONE:
p-benzoquinone is prepared industrially by oxidation of hydroquinone, which can be obtained by several routes.
One route involves oxidation of diisopropylbenzene and the Hock rearrangement.
The net reaction can be represented as follows:

C6H4(CHMe2)2 + 3 O2 → C6H4O2 + 2 OCMe2 + H2O
The reaction proceeds via the bis(hydroperoxide) and the hydroquinone.
Acetone is a coproduct.

Another major process involves the direct hydroxylation of phenol by acidic hydrogen peroxide: C6H5OH + H2O2 → C6H4(OH)2 + H2O
Both hydroquinone and catechol are produced.
Subsequent oxidation of the hydroquinone gives the quinone.
p-benzoquinone was originally prepared industrially by oxidation of aniline, for example by manganese dioxide.
This method is mainly practiced in PRC where environmental regulations are more relaxed.



STRUCTURE AND REDOX OF P-BENZOQUINONE:
p-benzoquinone is a planar molecule with localized, alternating C=C, C=O, and C–C bonds.
Reduction gives the semiquinone anion C6H4O2−}, which adopts a more delocalized structure.
Further reduction coupled to protonation gives the hydroquinone, wherein the C6 ring is fully delocalized.





REACTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF P-BENZOQUINONE:
p-benzoquinone is mainly used as a precursor to hydroquinone, which is used in photography and rubber manufacture as a reducing agent and antioxidant.
Benzoquinonium is a skeletal muscle relaxant, ganglion blocking agent that is made from p-benzoquinone.
p-Benzoquinone and its derivatives are extensively used in Diels-Alder reactions.
A facile tautomerization of alkyl substituted p-Benzoquinone to o-quinone methide is the highlight of this cycloaddition.



ORGANIC SYNTHESIS OF P-BENZOQUINONE:
p-benzoquinone is used as a hydrogen acceptor and oxidant in organic synthesis.
p-benzoquinone serves as a dehydrogenation reagent.
p-benzoquinone is also used as a dienophile in Diels Alder reactions.
Benzoquinone reacts with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid to give the triacetate of hydroxyquinol.
This reaction is called the Thiele reaction or Thiele–Winter reaction after Johannes Thiele, who first described it in 1898, and after Ernst Winter, who further described p-benzoquinone's reaction mechanism in 1900.

p-benzoquinone is also used to suppress double-bond migration during olefin metathesis reactions.
An acidic potassium iodide solution reduces a solution of benzoquinone to hydroquinone, which can be reoxidized back to the quinone with a solution of silver nitrate.
Due to its ability to function as an oxidizer, 1,4-benzoquinone can be found in methods using the Wacker-Tsuji oxidation, wherein a palladium salt catalyzes the conversion of an alkene to a ketone.
This reaction is typically carried out using pressurized oxygen as the oxidizer, but benzoquinone can sometimes preferred.
p-benzoquinone is also used as a reagent in some variants on Wacker oxidations.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF P-BENZOQUINONE:
p-benzoquinone was produced as early as 1838 by oxidation of quinic acid with manganese dioxide.
p-benzoquinone can be prepared by oxidation starting with aniline or by the oxidation of hydroquinone with bromic acid.
More recently, p-benzoquinone has been made biosynthetically from D-glucose.



METABOLISM OF P-BENZOQUINONE:
1,4-Benzoquinone is a toxic metabolite found in human blood and can be used to track exposure to benzene or mixtures containing benzene and benzene compounds, such as petrol.
p-benzoquinone is excreted in its original form and also as variations of its own metabolite, hydroquinone.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF P-BENZOQUINONE:
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF P-BENZOQUINONE:
*P-benzoquinone
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of P-BENZOQUINONE:
Molar mass: 108.096 g·mol−1
Appearance: Yellow solid
Odor: Acrid, chlorine-like[2]
Density: 1.318 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Melting point: 115 °C (239 °F; 388 K)
Boiling point: Sublimes
Solubility in water: 11 g/L (18 °C)
Solubility: Slightly soluble in petroleum ether; soluble in acetone; 10% in ethanol, benzene, diethyl ether
Vapor pressure: 0.1 mmHg (25 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -38.4·10−6 cm3/mol
Molecular Weight: 108.09
XLogP3: 0.2

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 108.021129366
Monoisotopic Mass: 108.021129366
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 149
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Appearance: yellow crystalline solid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Soluble in: ater, 1.11E+04 mg/L @ 18C (exp)
Physical state: Solid.
Form: Crystalline powder.
Color: Yellow. Green.
Odor: Pungent odor.
Odor threshold: 0.08 ppm
pH: Not available.
Melting point/freezing point: 240.26 °F (115.7 °C)
Initial boiling point and boiling range: Not available.

Flash point: Not available.
Evaporation rate: Not available.
Flammability (solid, gas): Not available.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Flammability limit - lower (%): Not available.
Flammability limit - upper (%): Not available.
Explosive limit - lower (%): Not available.
Explosive limit - upper (%): Not available.
Vapor pressure: 0.01 kPa at 25 °C
Vapor density: 3.7
Relative density: Not available.
Solubility(ies):
Solubility (water): Slightly soluble.

Partition coefficient: (n-octanol/water): 0.2
Auto-ignition temperature: 1040 °F (560 °C)
Decomposition temperature: Not available.
Viscosity: Not available.
Other information:
Molecular formula: C6-H4-O2
Molecular weight: 108.09 g/mol
Specific gravity: 1.32 at 20 °C
Surface tension: 32.58 mN/m
Appearance and properties: yellow to green crystalline solid
Density: 1.31
Boiling point: 293°C
Melting point: 113-115 °C(lit.)
Flash point: 38°C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.453
Water solubility: 10 g/L (25 ºC)

Melting point: 113-115 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 293°C
Density: 1.31
vapor density: 3.73 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.1 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.453
Flash point: 38°C
storage temp.: room temp
solubility: 10g/l
form: Powder
pka: 7.7
color: Yellow to green
PH: 4 (1g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: 10 g/L (25 ºC)

Water Solubility: 45.4 g/L
logP: 0.21
logP: 1.02
logS: -0.38
pKa (Strongest Basic): -7.7
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 34.14 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Refractivity: 31.03 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 9.75 ų
Number of Rings: 1
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No



FIRST AID MEASURES of P-BENZOQUINONE:
-Description of first aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Take victim immediately to hospital.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of P-BENZOQUINONE:
-Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of P-BENZOQUINONE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of P-BENZOQUINONE:
-Exposure controls:
*Appropriate engineering controls:
Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.
-Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use face shield and safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Wash and dry hands.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of P-BENZOQUINONE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Storage class (TRGS 510): Non-combustible



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of P-BENZOQUINONE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available
-Other decomposition products :
No data available



SYNONYMS:
p-Benzoquinone
p-Quinone
1,4-Benzoquinone
1,4-Cyclohexadiene-3,6-dione
p-benzoquinone
1,4-BENZOQUINONE
Benzoquinone
Quinone
106-51-4
p-Quinone
para-Benzoquinone
cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
Chinone
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
para-Quinone
Cyclohexadienedione
1,4-Benzoquine
1,4-Cyclohexadienedione
1,4-Dioxybenzene
Steara pbq
p-Chinon
Benzo-chinon
Benzo-1,4-quinone
1,4-Diossibenzene
Chinon
1,4-Dioxy-benzol
1,4-Cyclohexadiene dioxide
Semiquinone anion
semiquinone radicals
RCRA waste number U197
NCI-C55845
USAF P-220
Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
1,4-Benzochinon
NSC 36324
[1,4]benzoquinone
CHEBI:16509
Quinone1,4-Benzoquinone
MFCD00001591
NSC-36324
CHEMBL8320
3T006GV98U
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, homopolymer
DSSTox_CID_145
1,4-Benzoquinone, 99%
DSSTox_RID_75398
DSSTox_GSID_20145
Caswell No. 719C
1,4 benzoquinone
26745-90-4
CAS-106-51-4
CCRIS 933
HSDB 1111
EINECS 203-405-2
UN2587
parabenzochinon
UNII-3T006GV98U
p-benzo-quinone
AI3-09068
Quinone
p-BQ
NSC36324
2,4-dione
p-BQ
Benzo-1,4-quinone
QUINONE
(p-Phenylenedioxy)radical
Lopac-B-1266
QUINONE
Benzoquinone
Epitope ID:116219
WLN: L6V DVJ
EC 203-405-2
cid_4650
PARA-QUINONE
Lopac0_000120
SCHEMBL18103
Benzil-related compound, 53
MLS002454445
GTPL6307
2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-4-dione
DTXSID6020145
BDBM22774
1,4-BENZOQUINONE
HMS2230N13
HMS3260G22
ZINC895247
AMY21949
1,4-BENZOQUINONE
Tox21_202020
Tox21_302970
Tox21_500120
BBL010327
Benzoquinone
c0261
STK398389
AKOS000119965
3,6-Dioxo-1,4-cyclohexadiene-1-ide
CCG-204215
LP00120
SDCCGSBI-0050108.P002
UN 2587
p-Benzoquinone, reagent grade, >=98%
NCGC00015139-01
NCGC00015139-02
NCGC00015139-03
NCGC00015139-04
NCGC00015139-05
NCGC00015139-06
NCGC00015139-07
NCGC00015139-10
NCGC00091053-01
NCGC00091053-02
NCGC00091053-03
NCGC00256505-01
NCGC00259569-01
NCGC00260805-01
SMR000326659
VS-02448
DS-000613
B0089
B0887
EU-0100120
B 1266
C00472
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, radical ion(1-)
A801452
Q402719
SR-01000075705
J-503966
SR-01000075705-1
cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
1,4-Benzoquinone
p-benzoquinone
benzoquinone
quinone
1,4-benzoquinone
p-quinone
chinone
2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
cyclohexadienedione
para-quinone, 1,4-benzoquine
Benzoquinone
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
p-benozquinone
Thiophene,5-dibromo
2,5-dibromo thiophene
cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
para-benzoquinone
p-Benzoquinone
2,5-dibromothiphene
2,5-bromothiophene
1,3-dibromothiophene
p-Benzoquinone,Quinone
2,5-dibromothiophen
1,4-benzo-quinone
1,4-Benzoquinone
Thiophene,2,5-dibromo
1,4-Benzoquinone
1,4-Cyclohexadienedione
1,4-Dione-2,5-cyclohexadiene
Chinone
NSC 36324
PBQ 2
Quinone
Stearer PBQ
p-Quinone
BENZOQUINONE
P-BENZOQUINONE
QUINONE
PARA BENZOQUINONE
CHINONE
para-quinone
p-Benzochinon
1,4-Benzochinon
2,5-CYCLOHEXADIENE-1,4-DIONE
Cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
1,4-BENZOCHINONE
1,4-BENZOQUINONE
2,5-CYCLOHEXADIENE-1,4-DIONE
BENZOQUINONE
BENZOQUINONE
1,4-, CHINONE
CYCLOHEXADIENEDIONE
PARA BENZOQUINONE
P-BENZOQUINONE
p-benzoquinone 98+ % (dried)
P-QUINONE, QUINONE
1,4-Benzochinon
1,4-Benzoquine
1,4-Cyclohexadiene dioxide
1,4-Cyclohexadienedione
1,4-cyclohexadienedioxide
1,4-Diossibenzene
1,4-dioxybenzene
1,4-Dioxy-benzol
1,4-Benzochinon
1,4-Benzoquine
1,4-Benzoquinone
1,4-Cyclohexadiene dioxide
1,4-Cyclohexadienedione
1,4-Diossibenzene
1,4-Dioxy-benzol
1,4-Dioxybenzene
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1-4-dione

DESCRIPTION:

P-Benzoquinone, para-quinone, is a chemical compound with the formula C6H4O2.
In a pure state, P-Benzoquinone forms bright-yellow crystals with a characteristic irritating odor, resembling that of chlorine, bleach, and hot plastic or formaldehyde.
This six-membered ring compound is the oxidized derivative of 1,4-hydroquinone.


CAS Number :106-51-4
EC Number :203-405-2
Linear Formula: C6H4(=O)2

SYNONYM(S) OF P-BENZOQUINONE:
Quinone, 1,4-Benzoquinone[1];Benzoquinone;p-Benzoquinone;p-Quinone


The molecule is multifunctional: P-Benzoquinone exhibits properties of a ketone, being able to form oximes; an oxidant, forming the dihydroxy derivative; and an alkene, undergoing addition reactions, especially those typical for α,β-unsaturated ketones.
P-Benzoquinone is sensitive toward both strong mineral acids and alkali, which cause condensation and decomposition of the compound.


P-Benzoquinone is used as a dienophile in Diels-Alder cycloadditions to prepare naphthoquinones and 1,4-phenanthrenediones.
P-Benzoquinone acts as a dehydrogenation reagent and an oxidizer in synthetic organic chemistry.
In the Thiele-Winter reaction, it is involved in the preparation of triacetate of hydroxyquinol by reacting with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid.

P-Benzoquinone is also used in the synthesis of bromadol and to suppress double- bond migration during olefin metathesis reactions.
P-Benzoquinone is used as a precursor to hydroquinone which finds application in photography and as a reducing agent and an antioxidant in rubber production.


p-Benzoquinone (PBQ) is a cyclic conjugated diketone.
Its high-resolution photoelectron spectrum has been reported.
The visible and near ultraviolet spectra of PBQ have been recorded and analyzed.

Its addition as coagent has been reported to enhance the crosslinking rate of polypropylene initiated by the pyrolysis of peroxides.
Its impact on hemoglobin (Hb) has been investigated based on immunoblots and mass spectral analysis of a smoker′s blood.


PREPARATION OF P-BENZOQUINONE:
1,4-Benzoquinone is prepared industrially by oxidation of hydroquinone, which can be obtained by several routes.
One route involves oxidation of diisopropylbenzene and the Hock rearrangement.
The net reaction can be represented as follows:
C6H4(CHMe2)2 + 3 O2 → C6H4O2 + 2 OCMe2 + H2O

The reaction proceeds via the bis(hydroperoxide) and the hydroquinone.
Acetone is a coproduct.
Another major process involves the direct hydroxylation of phenol by acidic hydrogen peroxide: C6H5OH + H2O2 → C6H4(OH)2 + H2O Both hydroquinone and catechol are produced.

Subsequent oxidation of the hydroquinone gives the quinone.[8]
Quinone was originally prepared industrially by oxidation of aniline, for example by manganese dioxide.
This method is mainly practiced in PRC where environmental regulations are more relaxed.

Oxidation of hydroquinone is facile.
One such method makes use of hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizer and iodine or an iodine salt as a catalyst for the oxidation occurring in a polar solvent; e.g. isopropyl alcohol.
When heated to near its melting point, 1,4-benzoquinone sublimes, even at atmospheric pressure, allowing for an effective purification.
Impure samples are often dark-colored due to the presence of quinhydrone, a dark green 1:1 charge-transfer complex of quinone with hydroquinone.

STRUCTURE AND REDOX OF P-BENZOQUINONE:
C–C and C–O bond distances in benzoquinone (Q), its 1e reduced derivative (Q−), and hydroquinone (H2Q).
Benzoquinone is a planar molecule with localized, alternating C=C, C=O, and C–C bonds.
Reduction gives the semiquinone anion C6H4O2−}, which adopts a more delocalized structure.
Further reduction coupled to protonation gives the hydroquinone, wherein the C6 ring is fully delocalized.


REACTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF P-BENZOQUINONE:
Quinone is mainly used as a precursor to hydroquinone, which is used in photography and rubber manufacture as a reducing agent and antioxidant.
Benzoquinonium is a skeletal muscle relaxant, ganglion blocking agent that is made from benzoquinone.


ORGANIC SYNTHESIS OF P-BENZOQUINONE:
P-Benzoquinone is used as a hydrogen acceptor and oxidant in organic synthesis.
1,4-Benzoquinone serves as a dehydrogenation reagent.
P-Benzoquinone is also used as a dienophile in Diels Alder reactions.


Benzoquinone reacts with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid to give the triacetate of hydroxyquinol.
This reaction is called the Thiele reaction or Thiele–Winter reaction[19][20] after Johannes Thiele, who first described it in 1898, and after Ernst Winter, who further described its reaction mechanism in 1900.

An application is found in this step of the total synthesis of Metachromin A:
Benzoquinone is also used to suppress double-bond migration during olefin metathesis reactions.
An acidic potassium iodide solution reduces a solution of benzoquinone to hydroquinone, which can be reoxidized back to the quinone with a solution of silver nitrate.
Due to its ability to function as an oxidizer, 1,4-benzoquinone can be found in methods using the Wacker-Tsuji oxidation, wherein a palladium salt catalyzes the conversion of an alkene to a ketone.

This reaction is typically carried out using pressurized oxygen as the oxidizer, but benzoquinone can sometimes preferred.
P-Benzoquinone is also used as a reagent in some variants on Wacker oxidations.
1,4-Benzoquinone is used in the synthesis of Bromadol and related analogs.


2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) is a stronger oxidant and dehydrogenation agent than 1,4-benzoquinone.
Chloranil 1,4-C6Cl4O2 is another potent oxidant and dehydrogenation agent.
Monochloro-p-benzoquinone is yet another but milder oxidant.


METABOLISM OF P-BENZOQUINONE:
1,4-Benzoquinone is a toxic metabolite found in human blood and can be used to track exposure to benzene or mixtures containing benzene and benzene compounds, such as petrol.
The compound can interfere with cellular respiration, and kidney damage has been found in animals receiving severe exposure.
It is excreted in its original form and also as variations of its own metabolite, hydroquinone.


APPLICATIONS OF P-BENZOQUINONE:
p-Benzoquinone may be used to form benzofuranone derivatives on reacting with anilides of β-aminocrotonic acids via Nenitzescu reaction.
Dienophile employed in Diels-Alder cycloadditions to form naphthoquinones,[6] and 1,4-phenanthrenediones.

Oxidant used in first step of greener amine synthesis from terminal olefins by Wacker oxidation followed by transfer hydrogenation of the resultant imine.




p-Benzoquinone is used as a dienophile in Diels-Alder cycloadditions to prepare naphthoquinones and 1,4phenanthrenediones.
P-Benzoquinone acts as a dehydrogenation reagent and as an oxidant in synthetic organic chemistry.

In the Thiéle-Winter reaction, it is involved in the preparation of hydroxyquinol triacetate by reacting with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid.
P-Benzoquinone is also used in the synthesis of bromadol and to suppress the migration of double bonds during olefin metathesis reactions.
P-Benzoquinone is used as a precursor of hydroquinone which finds its application in photography and as a reducing agent and antioxidant in the production of rubber.




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF P-BENZOQUINONE:
Chemical formula C6H4O2
Molar mass 108.096 g•mol−1
Appearance Yellow solid
Odor Acrid, chlorine-like[2]
Density 1.318 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Melting point 115 °C (239 °F; 388 K)
Boiling point Sublimes
Solubility in water 11 g/L (18 °C)
Solubility Slightly soluble in petroleum ether; soluble in acetone; 10% in ethanol, benzene, diethyl ether
Vapor pressure 0.1 mmHg (25 °C)[2]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -38.4•10−6 cm3/mol
CAS Number:
106-51-4
Molecular Weight:
108.09
Beilstein:
773967
EC Number:
203-405-2
biological source
synthetic
Quality Level
200
grade
reagent grade
vapor density
3.73 (vs air)
vapor pressure
0.1 mmHg ( 25 °C)
Assay
≥98%
form
powder or crystals
autoignition temp.
815 °F
greener alternative product characteristics
Catalysis
Learn more about the Principles of Green Chemistry.
mp
113-115 °C (lit.)
solubility
water: soluble 14.7 g/L at 20 °C
greener alternative category
storage temp.
room temp
SMILES string
O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1
InChI
1S/C6H4O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4H
InChI key
AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Gene Information
human ... ACHE(43) , BCHE(590) , CES1(1066)

CAS
106-51-4
Formule moléculaire
C6H4O2
Poids moléculaire (g/mol)
108.096
Numéro MDL
MFCD00001591
Clé InChI
AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-NAfficher plus
Synonyme
p-benzoquinone, benzoquinone, quinone, 1,4-benzoquinone, p-quinone, chinone, 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, cyclohexadienedione, para-quinone, 1,4-benzoquineAfficher plus
CID PubChem
4650
ChEBI
CHEBI:16509
Nom IUPAC
cyclohexa-2,5-diène-1,4-dione
SMILES
C1=CC(=O)C=CC1=O
Chemical name or material p-Benzoquinone
Fusion point 112°C to 115°C
Density 1.318
Boiling point ∼180°C (sublimation)
Flash point 77°C (171°F)
Dosage percentage range ≥98%
Smell Pungent
Quantity 100 g
Number one UN2587
Beilstein 773967
Sensitivity Light sensitive
Merck Index 14,8074
Solubility Information Soluble in water,ethanol,ether,methanol,benzene,acetone and ethyl acetate.
Formula weight 108.1
Purity percentage ≥98%
Solubility 10 g/l (25°C)
Melting Point 110 - 113°C
Molar Mass 108.09 g/mol
Bulk Density 700 kg/m3
Boiling Point 180°C (sublimated)
Vapor Pressure 0.12 hPa (20°C)
Density 1.32 g/cm3 (20°C)
pH 4 (1 g/l, H2O, 20°C)
Ignition Point 560°C




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT P-BENZOQUINONE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

2-PHOSPHONOBUTANE-1,2,4-TRICARBOXYLIC ACID; PBTC; Bayhibit AM; PBS-AM; Phosphonobutanetricarboxylic acid; 2-Phosphono-1,2,4-butanecarboxylic acid; CAS NO: 37971-36-1

SYNONYMS PBTC; Bayhibit AM; PBS-AM; Phosphonobutanetricarboxylic acid; 2-Phosphono-1,2,4-butanecarboxylic acid; CAS NO. 37971-36-1

Synonyms: PBTCA; PBTC; Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic Acid; 2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-Tricarboxylic Acid; PBS-AM; Phosphonobutanetricarboxylic acid; 2-Phosphono-1,2,4-butanecarboxylic acid; Phosphonono Butanetricarboxylic Acid; 2-phosphono-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid. cas :40372-66-5

CAS NO 37971-36-1 2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-Tricarboxylic Acid; 2-phosphonobutane-1,1,1-tricarboxylic acid; 2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-Tricarboxylic Acid ;

2-Phosphonobutane -1,2,4-Tricarboxylic Acid; PBTC;PBTCA;PHOSPHONOBUTANE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID;2-Phosphonobutane -1,2,4-Tricarboxylic Acid;2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid PBTC; PBTC; Bayhibit AM; PBS-AM; Phosphonobutanetricarboxylic acid; 2-Phosphono-1,2,4-butanecarboxylic acid; CAS NO:37971-36-1

P-CHLORO-M-CRESOL, N° CAS : 59-50-7. Nom INCI : P-CHLORO-M-CRESOL. Nom chimique : 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol. chlorocresol . Synonymes : 4-chloro-m-cresol;p-Chloro-m-crésol;Chlorocrésol;4-Chloro-3-méthylphenol;2-Chloro-5-hydroxytoluene;2-CHLORO-HYDROXYTOLUENE;4-Chloro-1-hydroxy-3-methylbenzene;4-chloro-3-cresol;4-Chloro-3-hydroxytoluene;4-chloro-3-methyl phenol;4-CHLORO-META-CRESOL;6-CHLORO-3-HYDROXYTOLUENE;6-Chloro-m-cresol;AI3-00075;APTAL;BAKTOL;BAKTOLAN;CANDASEPTIC;Caswell No 185A;Chlorocresolo;Chlorocrésol;Chlorocresolo; Chlorocresolum (Latin); Chlorokresolum; Clorocresol (Spanish); EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 064206;m-Cresol, 4-chloro-; OTTAFACT; P-CHLOR-M-CRESOL; p-Chloro-m-crésol;P-CHLOROCRESOL;Parachlorometacresol;PARMETOL;PAROL;PCMC;PERITONAN;Phenol, 4-chloro-3-methyl-;PREVENTOL CMK;RASCHIT;RASCHIT K;RASEN-ANICON;RCRA waste number U039 ;N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-431-6. Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur, Ses fonctions (INCI), Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.Noms français : 2-CHLORO-5-HYDROXYTOLUENE; 2-CHLORO-HYDROXYTOLUENE; 3-METHYL-4-CHLOROPHENOL; 4-CHLORO-3-METHYLPHENOL; 4-CHLORO-5-METHYLPHENOL ; 4-CHLORO-M-CRESOL; 4-CHLOROCRESOL; 4-CHLOROCRESOL (META-); 6-CHLORO-3-HYDROXYTOLUENE; 6-CHLORO-M-CRESOL; CHLORO-4 HYDROXY-3 TOLUENE; CHLORO-4 METHYL-3 PHENOL;Chloro-4 méthyl-3 phénol; M-CRESOL, 4-CHLORO; P-CHLOR-M-CRESOL; P-CHLORO-M-CRESOL; p-Chlorocresol; p-Chlorocrésol; PHENOL, 4-CHLORO-3-METHYL; PHENOL, 4-CHLORO-3-METHYL-. Noms anglais : p-Chlorocresol. Utilisation et sources d'émission : Agent désinfectant, agent antiseptique. 1237629 [Beilstein]; 200-431-6 [EINECS]; 441; 4-Chlor-3-methylphenol [German] ; 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 4-Chloro-3-méthylphénol [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 4-Chloro-m-cresol; 59-50-7 [RN]; chlorocresol; chlorocrésol [French] ; clorocresol [Spanish] ; GO7100000; p-Chlorocresol [Wiki]; p-Chloro-m-cresol; PCMC; Phenol, 4-chloro-3-methyl- [ACD/Index Name]; QR BG E1 [WLN]; хлорокрезол [Russian]; كلوروكريسول [Arabic]; 122307-41-9 [RN]; 1-Chloro-2-methyl-4-hydroxybenzene; 2-Chloro-5-hydroxytoluene; 2-Chloro-hydroxytoluene; 3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-1,2,3,4,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-one; 4-06-00-02064 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]; 43M; 4-Chloro-1-hydroxy-3-methylbenzene; 4-Chloro-3-methoxy-2-methylpyridine-n-oxide; 4-chloro-3-methyl-phenol; 4-Chloro-3-Methylphenol (en); 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol 100 ?g/mL in Methanol; 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol 100 µg/mL in Methanol; 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol, BP, EP grade; 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol-2,6-d2; 4-Chloro-5-methylphenol; 4-Chloro-m-cresol;PCMC;Chlorocresol; 6-Chloro-3-hydroxytoluene; 6-Chloro-m-cresol; 93951-72-5 [RN]; Aptal; Baktol; Baktolan; C006984; Candaseptic; Chlorcresolum; Chlorkresolum; Chloro-3-cresol; Chlorocresol (4-Chloro-3-methylphenol); Chlorocresol (NF); Chlorocresol [USAN:INN]; Chlorocresolo; Chlorocresolum [INN-Latin]; Chlorocresolum [Latin]; Chlorokresolum; Clorocresol [INN-Spanish]; Clorocresol [Spanish]; Clorocresolo [DCIT]; CMK; EINECS 200-431-6; HSCI1_000352; DI1_000768; InChI=1/C7H7ClO/c1-5-4-6(9)2-3-7(5)8/h2-4,9H,1H Lysochlor; m-Cresol, 4-chloro-; NCGC00091338-02; Ottafact; para-Chloro-meta-cresol; Parachlorometacresol; parmatol; Parmetol; Parol [Wiki]; p-Chlor-m-cresol; Peritonan; Pharmakon1600-01500178; PHEN-2,6-D2-OL,4-CHLORO-3-METHYL- (9CI); Phenol, 4-chloro-5-methyl-; Preventol CMK; Raschit; Raschit K; 4-chloro-3-methylphenol; 4-chloro-m-cresol; chlorocresol; 4-chloro-m-cresol; 4-chloro-3-methylphenol; chlorocresol;4-chloro-m-cresol;4-chloro-3-methylphenol; Phenol, 4-chloro-3-methyl-. Translated names : 4-chlor-3-methylfenol (cs) ; 4-Chlor-3-methylphenol (de); 4-chlor-3-metilfenolis (lt); 4-Chlor-m-kresol (de); 4-chlor-m-krezolis, (lt); 4-chloro-3-metylofenol (pl); 4-chloro-3-méthylphénol (fr); 4-chloro-m-crésol (fr); 4-chloro-m-krezol (pl); 4-chlór-3-metylfenol (sk); 4-chlór-meta-krezol (sk); 4-clor-3-metilfenol (ro); 4-clor-m-cresol (ro); 4-cloro-3-metilfenol (es); 4-cloro-m-cresol (es); 4-hlor-3-metilfenols (lv); 4-hlor-m-krezols (lv); 4-kloori-3-metyylifenoli (fi); 4-klor-3-metylfenol (no); 4-klor-m-kresol (no); 4-kloro-3-metil-fenol (hr); 4-kloro-3-metilfenol (sl); 4-kloro-3-metüülfenool (et); 4-kloro-m-kresool (et); 4-kloro-m-krezol (hr); 4-klór-3-metilfenol (hu); 4-klór-m-krezol (hu); 4-хлоро-3-метилфенол (bg); 4-хлоро-m-крезол (bg); Chloorkresol (nl); chlorcresol (da); chlorkresol (cs); Chlorkrezolis (lt); chlorocresol (da); Chlorocrésol (fr); Chlorokresol (de); chlórkrezol (sk); clor crezol (ro); Clorocresol (es); Clorocresolo (it); Clorocrezol (ro); Hlorkrezols (lv); kloorikresoli (fi); klorkresol (no); Klorokresol (mt); Klorokresoli (fi); Klorokresool (et); Klorokrezol (hr); klórkrezol (hu); χλωροκρεζόλη (el); Χλωροκρεσόλη (el); Хлорокрезол (bg). : 4-Chlor- 3-methylphenol; 4-chloro-3-methyl phenol; 4-Chloro-m-cresol, PCMC, 2-Chloro-5-hydroxytoluene; p-chloro-m-cresol

Propylene carbonate (PC) is a cyclic carbonate that is commonly used as a solvent and as a reactive intermediate in organic synthesis.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is being considered as a potential electrochemical solvent due to its low vapor pressure, high dielectric constant and high chemical stability.

CAS Number: 108-32-7
Molecular Weight: 102.09
EC Number: 203-572-1
Molecular formula: CH3C2H3O2CO


Propylene carbonate (PC) can be synthesized from propylene oxide and CO2.
Optically active form of Propylene carbonate (PC) can be prepared from the reaction between CO2 and racemic epoxides.
Decomposition of Propylene carbonate (PC) on the graphite electrode in lithium batteries results in the formation of a lithium intercalated compound.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is a colorless, odorless liquid with a high boiling point and low volatility.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is widely used as a solvent in various industries.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is widely produced for commercial and industrial use.
It is synthesized via the carbonation of Propylene Oxide.
One of Propylene carbonate (PC) primary industrial uses are as a solvent—in particular, as an aprotic solvent and racemate.

Propylene carbonate (PC) has a very high molecular dipole moment.
This means that numerous elements and compounds can be dissolved in PC, such as potassium, sodium, and other alkali metals by electrolysis of their chlorides.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is often used as a solvent in petroleum products and oil field services, specifically to remove carbon dioxide from natural gas and refined gas.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is a VOC-exempt clear polar solvent having high boiling andflash points, a low order of toxicity and a mild ether-like odor.
It is stable under most conditions and is not hydroscopic or corrosive.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is particularly well suited for applications requiring a water white product or high purity.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is a clear, organic polar solvent made from the reaction of propylene with carbon dioxide.
​Propylene Carbonate (PC) is a PU-plasticizer and it is VOC-free clear polar solvent having high boiling and flashpoints.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is a clear, odorless solvent with a high boiling point.

In cosmetics and personal care products, Propylene Carbonate is used in the formulation of makeup, primarily lipstick, eye shadow, and mascara, as well as in skin cleansing
products
Propylene carbonate (PC) is an excellent solvent for a variety of substances, particularly those that are polar or have high polarity.
Propylene carbonate (PC)'s often used in formulations for paints, coatings, adhesives, and inks.

Propylene carbonate (often abbreviated PC) is an organic compound with the formula C4H6O3.
It is a cyclic carbonate ester derived from propylene glycol.
This colorless and odorless liquid is useful as a polar, aprotic solvent.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is chiral, but is used as the racemic mixture in most contexts.
Propylene carbonate has a cyclic carbonate structure with three carbon atoms and three oxygen atoms in the ring.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is nearly odorless.
The boiling point of propylene carbonate is relatively high, around 240°C (464°F).
Propylene carbonate (PC) has a relatively high density compared to many common solvents.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is miscible with water and many organic solvents.
Its ability to dissolve both polar and nonpolar substances is one of its key features.
Propylene carbonate (PC) has a low flammability and high flash point, making it relatively safe to handle.

Propylene carbonate (often abbreviated PC) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C2H3O2CO.
It is a carbonate ester derived from propylene glycol.
This colorless and odorless liquid is useful as a polar, aprotic solvent.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is chiral but is used exclusively as the racemic mixture.
Propylene Carbonate (PC) is a carbonate ester derived from propylene glycol with the peculiarity to have a low order of toxicity and a mild ether-like odor.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is stable under most conditions and it is not hydroscopic or corrosive.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is usually produced through the reaction of propylene oxide with carbon dioxide.
This reaction is catalyzed by various catalysts to yield Propylene carbonate (PC) and other byproducts.
The process can be performed under pressure and elevated temperature.

Although many organic carbonates are produced using phosgene, Propylene carbonate (PC)s are exceptions.
They are mainly prepared by the carbonation of the epoxides (epoxypropane, or propylene oxide here):
CH3CHCH2O + CO2 → CH3C2H3O2CO

The process is particularly attractive since the production of these epoxides consumes carbon dioxide.
Thus this reaction is a good example of a green process.
The corresponding reaction of 1,2-propanediol with phosgene is complex, yielding not only Propylene carbonate (PC) but also oligomeric products.

Propylene carbonate (PC) can also be synthesized from urea and propylene glycol over zinc acetate.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is a colorless liquid freezing at -48.8°C and boiling at 242°C.
Propylene carbonate has a vapor pressure of 0.13 mmHg at 20°C, and 0.98 mmHg at 50°C.

grade: anhydrous
Quality Level: 100
vapor pressure: 0.13 mmHg ( 20 °C), 0.98 mmHg ( 50 °C)
Assay: 99.7%
form: liquid
autoignition temp.: 851 °F
expl. lim.: 14.3 %
impurities: <0.002% water, <0.005% water (100 mL pkg)
refractive index: n20/D 1.421 (lit.)
pH: 7 (20 °C, 200 g/L)
bp: 240 °C (lit.)
mp: −55 °C (lit.)
density: 1.204 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting point: -49°C,
Boiling point:240-243°C,
Refractive index:1.4189 (20 °C)
Viscosity:2.5mPas

Propylene carbonate (PC) is prevalent in chemical intermediates, paints/coatings, dyes, fibers, as a reactive diluent in urethane systems, wood binder resins, safer alternative in cosmetic/personal care formulations, and as electrolyte solvents for lithium batteries (among many more).
Propylene carbonate (PC) is a polar aprotic solvent used as a “green” sustainable alternative solvent for chemical transformations.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is a low toxicity, biodegradable, non-corrosive colorless liquid with a high boiling point, low vapor pressure, and EPA VOC exemption.
Due to its low vapor pressure and findings of negligible photochemical reactivity, Propylene carbonate (PC) is an effective substitute for more hazardous solvents such a MEK, methylene chloride, toluene, acetone, NMP, and perchloroethylene.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is also compatible with other solvents providing an efficient ingredient in co-solvent formulations.
It is widely used in the manufacture of paints, adhesives, coatings, surface cleaners, degreasers, strippers, and inks formulations as well as in lithium-ion batteries, as electrolytic solvent, and in the removal of carbon dioxide from natural gas.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is another important cyclic carbonate solvent in Lithium-ion Batteries (LIB) Electrolyte.
This carbonate improves the high-temperature performance of LIB but more Propylene carbonate (PC) deteriorates the cycling and rate capability of LIB due to its incompatibility to the graphite.

Propylene carbonate (PC) has a high boiling point, high viscosity, and high dielectric constant.
The viscosity of Propylene carbonate (PC) is the highest among commonly used organic carbonates, which lowers the ionic mobility and conductivity of the electrolyte.
Therefore, Propylene Carbonate takes less than 5% in most of the commercial LIB electrolytes.

Propylene carbonate (PC) or PC is an organic compound derivative of propylene glycol.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is alternatively manufactured from propylene mixed with carbon dioxide.
It is available as a clear, odorless liquid.

Propylene carbonate (PC) works as a solvent in cleaning and degreasing.
It is preferred over similar chemicals like acetone and ethyl acetate due to its molecular structure, versatility, soil-stripping properties, and broad compatibility
with other solvents.
It is used to clean and degrease circuit boards, carburetors, ink cleaners, polymers, resins, and industrial cleanup.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is relatively safe to use. Studies indicate that it does not irritate naked skin when handled in cosmetic applications.
Propylene carbonate (PC) has a high boiling point, its vapor is inconsequential, and it is not associated with any toxicities.
It is readily biodegradable and has no photochemical reactivity.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is a colorless liquid.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is used in paints as a highboiling solvent and film-forming auxiliary, especially in poly(vinyl fluoride) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) systems.
It is also employed as an auxiliary in the pigment and dye industry.

Propylene carbonate (PC) can be found in adhesive formulations, contributing to their performance and workability.
Propylene carbonate (PC)'s used as a solvent for natural gas purification and as a component in drilling fluids.
In addition to cosmetics, propylene carbonate is used in some personal care items such as nail polish removers and cuticle treatments.

Propylene carbonate (PC)'s employed as a solvent in pharmaceutical formulations, especially for poorly soluble drugs.
Propylene carbonate (PC)'s solvency power makes it effective in various cleaning products, including graffiti removers and industrial degreasers.

Propylene carbonate (PC)'s ability to dissolve a wide range of substances, both polar and nonpolar, makes it versatile in various applications.
Its low volatility reduces the risk of hazardous vapors being released into the environment during use.
It is chemically stable under many conditions, which contributes to its long shelf life and usability.

Compared to some other organic solvents, Propylene carbonate (PC) is relatively environmentally friendly.
This property is beneficial in applications requiring a high dielectric constant, such as in capacitors and electronic devices.

Uses
Propylene carbonate (PC) is used as a polar, aprotic solvent.
Propylene carbonate (PC) has a high molecular dipole moment (4.9 D), considerably higher than those of acetone (2.91 D) and ethyl acetate (1.78 D).
Propylene carbonate (PC) is possible, for example, to obtain potassium, sodium, and other alkali metals by electrolysis of their chlorides and other salts dissolved in propylene carbonate.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is used mainly as a solvent in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations.
In topical applications, Propylene carbonate (PC) has been used in combination with propylene glycol as a solvent for corticosteroids.
The corticosteroid is dissolved in the solvent mixture to yield microdroplets that can then be dispersed in petrolatum.

Propylene carbonate (PC) has been used as a dispensing solvent in topical preparations.
Propylene carbonate (PC) has also been used in hard gelatin capsules as a nonvolatile, stabilizing, liquid carrier.
For formulations with a low dosage of active drug, a uniform drug content may be obtained by dissolving the drug in propylene carbonate and then spraying this solution on to a solid carrier such as compressible sugar; the sugar may then be filled into hard gelatin capsules.

Propylene carbonate (PC) may additionally be used as a solvent, at room and elevated temperatures, for many cellulose-based polymers and plasticizers.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is also used in cosmetics.

Other usages of Propylene carbonate (PC) include its function as a component of electrolytes in lithium batteries.
Propylene carbonate (PC) also has uses as a component for adhesives, and for coatings products like paints.
Its other uses include in electronic materials, in inks and digital ink products, and as a textile auxiliary.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is often used as a solvent for electrolysis.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is used on its own and in a variety of end-use cleaning and degreasing formulations due to its versatility, effectiveness in reducing surface tension, and ability to improve wetting and soil removal functionality.
Formulators also incorporate propylene carbonate into water rinsable solvent systems.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of various chemicals, including plasticizers, lubricants, and pharmaceuticals.
Due to its low toxicity and ability to solubilize a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, Propylene carbonate (PC) is used in products such as skin creams, lotions, and hair care products.

Propylene carbonate (PC)'s utilized in industrial cleaning products and degreasers due to its effectiveness in dissolving oils, greases, and other contaminants.
Propylene carbonate (PC) can be found in certain paint and coating formulations as a solvent and viscosity modifier.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is used as a solvent in various chemical reactions, particularly those that involve high temperatures or polar and nonpolar substances.
It's often chosen as a reaction medium due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of compounds.
One of the most significant applications of propylene carbonate is as a solvent in the electrolyte of lithium-ion batteries.

Propylene carbonate (PC) helps improve the mobility of lithium ions between the battery's electrodes, contributing to the battery's overall performance, capacity, and cycle life.
Similar to its use in batteries, propylene carbonate is employed in electrochemical capacitors, also known as supercapacitors.
Propylene carbonate (PC) aids in enhancing the energy storage capabilities of these devices.

In the paint and coating industry, propylene carbonate is used as a coalescing agent in water-based formulations.
Propylene carbonate (PC) promotes the fusion of polymer particles, allowing the formation of a continuous film that enhances the coating's durability and appearance.

Propylene carbonate (PC) can be found in adhesive and sealant formulations, contributing to their performance by improving viscosity and workability.
Due to its low toxicity and ability to dissolve a variety of cosmetic ingredients, propylene carbonate is used in personal care products such as skin creams, lotions, hair care products, and cosmetics.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is used as a solvent in pharmaceutical applications, assisting in the formulation of certain drugs, especially those with low solubility in water.
Its excellent solvency properties make it effective in cleaning products, such as graffiti removers, industrial degreasers, and household cleaning solutions.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is used in the oil and gas industry as a solvent for natural gas purification and as a component in drilling fluids.

Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a chemical intermediate in the production of various chemicals, including plasticizers, lubricants, and specialty chemicals.
Due to its high dielectric constant, it can be used in electronics applications requiring materials with specific dielectric properties.
It can also be used in various chemical reactions as a solvent, particularly those involving high temperatures.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is particularly well suited for applications requiring a water-white product or high purity.
It can be used in cosmetics and personal care products; mainly in the formulation of make-up, primarily lipstick, eye shadow, and mascara, as well as in skin cleansing products.

Being a cyclic carbonate reacts with amines to form carbamates, undergoes hydroxy alkylation and transesterification Propylene carbonate (PC) can be used as an isocyanate and unsaturated polyester resin cleanup solvent, viscosity reducer in coatings, CO2 extraction solvent, electrolyte in lithium batteries, polar additive for clay gellants, foundry binder catalyst, and textile dye carrier and cleaner.

Safety
Propylene carbonate (PC) does not cause skin irritation or sensitization when used in cosmetic preparations, whereas moderate skin irritation is observed when used undiluted. No significant toxic effects were observed in rats fed propylene carbonate, exposed to the vapor, or exposed to the undiluted liquid.
In the US, Propylene carbonate (PC) is not regulated as a volatile organic compound (VOC) because it does not contribute significantly to the formation of smog and because its vapor is not known or suspected to cause cancer or other toxic effects.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is stable under normal storage conditions.
However, in the presence of an acid, base, metal oxide or salt, propylene carbonate may decompose liberating CO2.
These materials will also decrease thermal stability. In an aqueous solution, the decomposition products would be propylene glycol and CO2.

While Propylene carbonate (PC) is generally considered safe for many applications, it's important to be aware of its potential hazards:
Propylene carbonate (PC) is low in toxicity, it should not be ingested or allowed to come into contact with the skin or eyes.
Proper protective equipment and handling procedures should be followed.

Environmental Impact
Like many chemicals, improper disposal of Propylene carbonate (PC) can have environmental impacts.
It should be handled and disposed of in accordance with local regulations.

Synonyms
PROPYLENE CARBONATE
108-32-7
4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
1,2-Propylene carbonate
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
Texacar PC
Arconate 5000
Cyclic propylene carbonate
1,2-Propanediol carbonate
1,3-Dioxolan-2-one, 4-methyl-
Dipropylene carbonate
1-Methylethylene carbonate
4-Methyldioxalone-2
1,2-Propanediyl carbonate
Cyclic 1,2-propylene carbonate
Propylene glycol cyclic carbonate
Cyclic methylethylene carbonate
4-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane
Carbonic acid, propylene ester
NSC 11784
Carbonic acid, cyclic propylene ester
Propylenester kyseliny uhlicite
HSDB 6806
Carbonic acid cyclic methylethylene ester
EINECS 203-572-1
Carbonic acid, cyclic propylene ether
NSC-11784
UNII-8D08K3S51E
BRN 0107913
DTXSID2026789
AI3-19724
8D08K3S51E
PC-HP
Propylenecarbonate, 99%
Propylene carbonate [NF]
Propylene carbonate [USAN]
Propylenester kyseliny uhlicite [Czech]
DTXCID006789
EC 203-572-1
5-19-04-00021 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Propylene carbonate (NF)
WLN: T5OVOTJ D
PROPYLENE CARBONATE (II)
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [II]
PROPYLENE CARBONATE (MART.)
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [MART.]
PROPYLENE CARBONATE (USP-RS)
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [USP-RS]
CAS-108-32-7
4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one
butylhexanoate
MFCD00798264
MFCD00798265
Arconate HP
Solvenon PC
Jeffsol PC
propylen carbonate
?Propylene carbonate
MFCD00005385
Carbonate de propylne
Arconate 1000
Carbonic acid propylene
Jeffsol AG 1555
1 2-Propylene carbonate
Arconate propylenecarbonate
1,2-propanodiol carbonato
1 2-Propanediol carbonate
1 2-Propanediyl carbonate
Arconate propylene carbonate
1-carbonato de metiletileno
1,2-carbonato de propileno
Propylene carbonate, 1,2-
SCHEMBL15309
1-propanediol cyclic carbonate
2-oxo-4-metil-1,3-dioxolano
4-metil-1,3-dioxolano-2-ona
Cyclic 1 2-propylene carbonate
(S)-1,2-Propanediol carbonate
4-Methyl-1 3-dioxolan-2-one
CHEMBL1733973
2-Oxo-4-methyl-1 3-dioxolane
2-Oxo-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane
4-Methyl-1 3-dioxolane-2-one
4-Methyl-2-oxo-1 3-dioxolane
1 2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
1,2-PDC
4-methyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-one
NSC1913
1,2-carbonato de propanodiilimino
2-Methyl-1 2-ethylene carbonate
1,3-dioxolan-2-ona, 4-metil-
1,3-dioxolane-2-one, 4-methyl
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [HSDB]
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [INCI]
2-metil-1,2-carbonato de etileno
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [VANDF]
NSC 1913
NSC-1913
NSC11784
Propylene carbonate (Battery grade)
Tox21_202047
Tox21_303214
BBL027518
Carbonic acid propylene ester (6CI)
STL373011
AKOS009158417
Propylene Carbonate (Industrial Grade)
SB66353
Propylene carbonate, anhydrous, 99.7%
NCGC00165974-01
NCGC00165974-02
NCGC00256995-01
NCGC00259596-01
Propylene carbonate, for HPLC, 99.7%
BP-30108
BP-31155
Carbonic acid cyclic 1 2-propylene ester
LS-51953
SY008770
SY066861
Carbonic acid cyclic propylene ester (8CI)
Propylene carbonate, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
CS-0076373
FT-0602265
FT-0639979
FT-0660009
FT-0674103
P0525
D05633
EN300-296359
Propylene carbonate, anhydrous, Water 50ppm Max.
Propylene carbonate, Selectophore(TM), >=99.0%
Q415979
J-002116
Propylene carbonate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
F0001-0165
Propylene carbonate, >=99%, acid 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate, 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
Propylene carbonate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
110320-40-6

DL-proline, 5-oxo-, compd. with N2-coco acyl-l-arginine et ester; PCA ETHYL COCOYL ARGINATE; PCA Ethyl Cocoyl Arginate CAS NO: 95370-65-3

2-hydroxy-3-(oleoyloxy)propyl 5-oxo-L-prolinate CAS NO:84608-82-2

p-Chlorocresol, also called 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol, is a white to almost white flake.
p-Chlorocresol is an efficient anti-mould antiseptic, frequently used in personal care products.
p-Chlorocresol, is the organic compound with the formula C7H7ClO.

CAS Number: 59-50-7
Molecular Formula: C7H7ClO
Molecular Weight: 142.58
EINECS Number: 200-431-6

p-Chlorocresol is a monochlorinated m-cresol.
p-Chlorocresol is a white or colorless solid that is only slightly soluble in water.
As a solution in alcohol and in combination with other phenols, it is used as an antiseptic and preservative.

p-Chlorocresol is a moderate allergen for sensitive skin.
p-Chlorocresol, also known as parachlorocresol or PCMC, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C7H7ClO.
p-Chlorocresol is a chlorinated derivative of cresol, which is a type of aromatic hydrocarbon.

p-Chlorocresol, or 4-chloro-3-methylphenol (ClC6H3CH3OH), also known as p-chloro-m-cresol, is a potent disinfectant and antiseptic.
p-Chlorocresol appears as a pinkish white crystalline solid and has a melting point of 64-66°C.
p-Chlorocresol is also used as a preservative in cosmetics and medicinal products for both humans and animals.

p-Chlorocresol is used as an active ingredient in some preparations of veterinary medicines for tropical, oral and parenteral use.
Normally, the concentration of p-Chlorocresol in oral and parenteral veterinary products are 0.1-0.2%.
Concentrations are higher (~0.5%) in tropical veterinary products.

p-Chlorocresol contains microbial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungi.
The use of p-Chlorocresol is regulated by government agencies such as the US Food and Drug administration, and limits are set on the amount of p-Chlorocresol that can be present in various products.
p-Chlorocresol colorless, white, or pinkish crystals with a slight phenolic odor.

p-Chlorocresol is white (pure) or pink crystalline solid.
Crystals turn pink on exposure to air and light.
P-Chlorocresol (p-chloro-m-cresol; PCMC; brand name: Preventol CMK) is a chlorinated phenol which is used as an antiseptic and preservative.

p-Chlorocresol forms colourless, dimorphous crystals at room temperature and is only slightly soluble in water.
For use as a disinfectant such as a hand wash, it is commonly dissolved in alcohol in combination with other phenols.
p-Chlorocresol is a moderate allergen for sensitive skin.

p-Chlorocresol is used as a preservative in a wide number of topical preparations and is a rare cause of allergic contact dermatitis and CoU, the mechanism of which remains uncertain.
A pinkish to white crystalline solid with a phenolic odor.
Shipped as a solid or in a liquid carrier.

p-Chlorocresol (p-chloro-m-cresol; PCMC; brand name: Preventol CMK) possesses disinfectant and antiseptic properties.
p-Chlorocresol is used in various preparations for skin disinfection and wounds.
p-Chlorocresol also used as a preservative in creams and other preparations for external use which contain water.

For use as a disinfectant such as a hand wash, p-Chlorocresol is commonly dissolved in alcohol in combination with other phenols.
p-Chlorocresol is a moderate allergen for sensitive skin.
p-Chlorocresol produces potentially life-threatening effects which include dermatitis, which are responsible for the discontinuation of chlorocresol therapy.

The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by chlorocresol are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include hypersensitivity reactions, irritation of eyes.
p-Chlorocresol is synthesized from the monochlorination of 3-methylphenol at position 4.
This is a p-Chlorocresol used as an antiseptic, disinfectant and fungicide.

p-Chlorocresol is found in reams, topical antiseptics, shampoos, cosmetics and cooling fluids.
p-Chlorocresol is also used as an ingredient in various pharmaceutical preparations.
Further research may identify additional p-Chlorocresol or industrial usages of this chemical.

p-Chlorocresol is a monochlorinated m-cresol.
p-Chlorocresol is prepared by the chlorination of m-cresol.
Freely soluble in organic solvent, ether, ketones and strong base aqueous solution, and completely soluble in oil.

Friendly to environment, formaldehyde-free, easily degradable.
Well compatibility with anionic surfactant, non-ionic surfactant and emulgator.
Good synergistic effect with other antiseptic and bactericide.

p-Chlorocresol white to slightly pink crystals.
The chemical structure of p-Chlorocresol consists of a phenolic ring (cresol) with a chlorine atom (Cl) attached to the para position, meaning it is located opposite to the hydroxyl (OH) group.
p-Chlorocresol has antimicrobial properties and has been used as an antiseptic and preservative in various pharmaceutical and personal care products.

p-Chlorocresol helps prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi.
p-Chlorocresol has been employed in wood preservation to protect wood from decay and fungal growth.
p-Chlorocresol has been used in topical medications, including creams and ointments.

p-Chlorocresol exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, making it effective against a range of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi.
While p-Chlorocresol has been used in certain applications, its use has been subject to regulations and guidelines due to potential concerns about skin irritation and sensitization.
The concentration of p-Chlorocresol in products is often regulated, and its inclusion in formulations is carefully considered.

p-Chlorocresol can be synthesized through the chlorination of cresol, typically using chlorine gas.
p-Chlorocresol is odorless or slightly phenolic odor.
p-Chlorocresol, soluble in alkalies, organic solvents, fats, and oils.

p-Chlorocresol is a monochlorinated m-cresol.
p-Chlorocresol is a white or colorless solid that is only slightly soluble in water.
p-Chlorocresol is prepared by chlorination of m-cresol.

p-Chlorocresol forms colourless, dimorphous crystals at room temperature and is only slightly soluble in water.
p-Chlorocresol is the organic compound with the formula ClC6H4OH.
p-Chlorocresol is a monochlorinated m-cresol.

p-Chlorocresol is done in the liver, and then excreted primarily via the kidneys or in smaller amounts through the lungs.
In facultative Thauera sp. strain DO, p-Chlorocresol was degraded aerobically either by dehalogenation followed by catechol degradation pathway, or methyl oxidation to 4-chlorobenzoate.
The exact reaction mechanism in humans is unknown.

Oxidation The oxidation reaction of p-Chlorocresol by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can occur through a two-step process.
In the first step, H2O2 is activated by a catalyst, such as a metal ion or an enzyme, to form a reactive oxygen species, such as a hydroxyl radical (HO•).
This reactive species can then attack the aromatic ring of the 4-chloro-3-methylphenol molecule, leading to the formation of a quinone intermediate.

p-Chlorocresol is dissolved in organic solvents or nonionic surfactants such as L-64 and then matched with other ingredients.
White or of- white powder or crystlline power,odorless.
Very soluble in N,N-Dimethylformamide, soluble in methanol, sparingly soluble inglacial acetic acid, very slightly soluble inchloroform, practically insoluble in water.

p-Chlorocresol has a broad and very balanced spectrum of activity covering Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mould and yeast.
The quinone intermediate is an important intermediate in many biological and chemical processes.
p-Chlorocresol can undergo further oxidation to form a variety of compounds, including hydroquinones, catechols, and benzoquinones.

In the case of p-Chlorocresol, the quinone intermediate can be further oxidized to form 4-chlorocatechol, which is a catechol compound.
p-Chlorocresol is a potent disinfectant and antiseptic agent due to its antimicrobial and antifungal properties and is therefore used for wound and skin disinfection.
p-Chlorocresol also has preservative properties and is commonly found in topical creams and cosmetics.

These properties also allow it to be used in paints and inks.
A phenolic preservative agent, the bacteriostatic mechanism of p-Chlorocresol arises from its ability to induce cytoplasmic leakage in bacteria, disrupting membrane permeability to potassium and phosphate ions.
Cytoplasmic leakage also results in dissipation of the proton motive force, causing uncoupling of respiration from ATP synthesis.

p-Chlorocresol is a hydroxytoluene and a member of monochlorobenzenes.
p-Chlorocresol is soluble in water, fatty oil, alkali hydroxide solution and organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers & ketones.
p-Chlorocresol appears as a pinkish to white crystalline solid with a phenolic odor.

p-Chlorocresol is a white or colorless solid that is only slightly soluble in water.
A pinkish to white crystalline solid with a phenolic odor.
p-Chlorocresol forms colourless, dimorphous crystals at room temperature and is only slightly soluble in water.

p-Chlorocresol has a broad and very balanced spectrum of activity covering Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mould and
yeast.
p-Chlorocresol CAS 59-50-7 or 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol is colorless crystals with phenol odor.
p-Chlorocresol is insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents.

p-Chlorocresol with a chemical formula C7H7ClO appears as a white crystalline powdered with a phenolic odor.
p-Chlorocresol is not natural, rather made by human being.
p-Chlorocresol has a broad and very balanced spectrum of activity covering Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mould and yeast.

Particularly effective against putrefactive bacteria and therefore suitable for use in products which are difficult to preserve (e.g. protein-based formulations).
p-Chlorocresol is a hydroxytoluene that is 3-methylphenol which is substituted by a chlorine at position 4.
p-Chlorocresol has a role as a ryanodine receptor agonist, an antimicrobial agent and a disinfectant.

p-Chlorocresol is a hydroxytoluene and a member of monochlorobenzenes.
p-Chlorocresol is a monochlorinated m-cresol.
p-Chlorocresol is a white or colorless solid that is only slightly soluble in water.

As a solution in alcohol and in combination with other phenols, p-Chlorocresol is used as an antiseptic and preservative .
p-Chlorocresol is also an active ingredient in one registered pest control product which is used as a component in concrete admixtures, while the sodium salt form of chlorocresol is present in two registered pest control products.
p-Chlorocresol is the organic compound with the formula ClC6H4OH.

p-Chlorocresol is a monochlorinated m-cresol.
p-Chlorocresol is a white or colorless solid that is only slightly soluble in water.
As a solution in alcohol and in combination with other phenols, p-Chlorocresol is used as an antiseptic and preservative.

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as meta cresols.
These are aromatic compounds containing a meta-cresol moiety, which consists of a benzene ring bearing a methyl group and a hydroxyl group at ring positions 1 and 3, respectively.
p-Chlorocresol, or 4-chloro-3-methylphenol (ClC6H3CH3OH), also known as p-chloro-m-cresol, is a potent disinfectant and antiseptic. It appears as a pinkish white crystalline solid and has a melting point of 64-66°C.

p-Chlorocresol is also used as a preservative in cosmetics and medicinal products for both humans and animals.
p-Chlorocresol is used as an active ingredient in some preparations of veterinary medicines for tropical, oral and parenteral use.
Normally, the concentration of p-Chlorocresol in oral and parenteral veterinary products are 0.1-0.2%.

Concentrations are higher (~0.5%) in tropical veterinary products.
p-Chlorocresol contains microbial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungi.
p-Chlorocresol is classified as preservative.

p-Chlorocresol is a biocide, which is colorless crystalline compound.
p-Chlorocresol has role antimicrobial agent.
p-Chlorocresol exhibits stability under certain conditions, making it suitable for use in formulations where a preservative with a longer shelf life is desired.

Over time, there has been a trend toward exploring alternative preservatives and antimicrobial agents due to safety concerns and changing regulatory standards.
The cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries often seek safer and more sustainable options.
The safety of p-Chlorocresol is evaluated through various tests, including skin irritation tests and sensitization tests.

Regulatory agencies review these data to establish guidelines for safe usage in consumer products.
Ongoing research in the field of antimicrobial agents and preservatives may lead to the discovery of new compounds or improved formulations.
Researchers are continuously exploring alternatives that are effective, safe, and environmentally friendly.

The use of p-Chlorocresol in different products is subject to compliance with international standards and regulations.
The safety standards and acceptable usage levels may vary by country or region.
The potential environmental impact of p-Chlorocresol is a consideration, especially when products containing this compound are disposed of.

Assessments of its biodegradability and environmental fate contribute to understanding its ecological footprint.
p-Chlorocresol has role disinfectant.
Oxidation The oxidation reaction of p-Chlorocresol by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can occur through a two-step process.

In the first step, H2O2 is activated by a catalyst, such as a metal ion or an enzyme, to form a reactive oxygen species, such as a hydroxyl radical (HO•).
This reactive species can then attack the aromatic ring of the 4-chloro-3-methylphenol molecule, leading to the formation of a quinone intermediate.
The quinone intermediate is an important intermediate in many biological and chemical processes.

p-Chlorocresol can undergo further oxidation to form a variety of compounds, including hydroquinones, catechols, and benzoquinones.
In the case of p-Chlorocresol, the quinone intermediate can be further oxidized to form 4-chlorocatechol, which is a catechol compound.
p-Chlorocresol has role ryanodine receptor agonist.

p-Chlorocresol is a monochlorinated m-cresol.
p-Chlorocresol is a white or colorless solid that is only slightly soluble in wat.
p-Chlorocresol is slightly soluble in water(4g/L), easy soluble in organic solvent such as alcohols (96 percent in ethanol), ethers, ketones, etc.

Melting point: 63-65 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 235 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.370
vapor pressure: refractive index: 1.5449 (estimate)
Flash point: 118 °C
storage temp. .Store below +30°C.
solubility: methanol: soluble1g/10 mL, clear, colorless
pka: pKa 9.55(t = 25) (Uncertain)
form: Tablets
color: White
PH: 6.5 (1g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: 4 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,2133
BRN: 1237629
Henry's Law Constant: 2.5(x 10-6 atm?m3/mol)at 20 °C (calculated, Mabey et al., 1982)
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with brass, oxidizing agents, copper, copper alloys.
InChIKey: CFKMVGJGLGKFKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.100

p-Chlorocresol is a hydroxytoluene that is 3-methylphenol which is substituted by a chlorine at position 4.
p-Chlorocresol is a hydroxytoluene.
p-Chlorocresol is a monochlorobenzenes.

p-Chlorocresol a hydroxytoluene that is 3-methylphenol which is substituted by a chlorine at position 4.
p-Chlorocresol a ryanodine receptor agonist.
p-Chlorocresol has a broad and very balanced spectrum of activity covering Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mould and yeast.

Besides p-Chlorocresol, this compound is known by other names such as parachlorocresol, 4-chloro-3-methylphenol, and PCMC.
p-Chlorocresol is sparingly soluble in water but is more soluble in organic solvents.
This solubility property influences its use in different formulations.

In the past, p-Chlorocresol has been used as a preservative in certain vaccines to prevent microbial contamination.
However, due to safety concerns and the desire to reduce the use of certain preservatives in vaccines, alternative preservatives are now often used.
Some individuals may exhibit skin sensitivity or allergic reactions to products containing p-Chlorocresol.

Skin irritation or contact dermatitis has been reported in some cases.
As a result, its use in cosmetics and personal care products is regulated, and formulations are designed to minimize the risk of adverse skin reactions.
In addition to its antibacterial properties, p-Chlorocresol also demonstrates antifungal activity.

This property is valuable in preventing the growth of fungi in products where it is used as a preservative.
The use of p-Chlorocresol is subject to regulatory considerations in different countries.
Regulatory agencies assess its safety and efficacy for specific applications, and restrictions or recommended usage levels may be imposed.

The environmental fate and impact of p-Chlorocresol are considerations in its use.
While it may biodegrade to some extent, its persistence and potential environmental impact depend on factors such as concentration, formulation, and the specific environment.
p-Chlorocresol is prepared by chlorination of m-cresol.

p-Chlorocresol is a chlorinated phenol which is used as an antiseptic and preservative.
For use as a disinfectant such as a hand wash, p-Chlorocresol is commonly dissolved in alcohol in combination with other phenols.
Due to its antimicrobial properties, p-Chlorocresol has been used as an antiseptic in various healthcare products.

p-Chlorocresol can be found in topical antiseptic solutions, creams, and ointments.
p-Chlorocresol has a history of use in healthcare and personal care products.
p-Chlorocresol is effectiveness as an antimicrobial agent contributed to its inclusion in formulations designed to prevent and treat infections.

p-Chlorocresol is the organic compound with the formula ClC6H4OH.
p-Chlorocresol is a monochlorinated m-cresol.
p-Chlorocresol is a white or colorless solid that is only slightly soluble in water.

p-Chlorocresol can decompose on contact with strong alkalis, evolving heat and fumes that ignite explosively.
p-Chlorocresol is also incompatible with oxidizing agents, copper, and with solutions of calcium chloride, codeine phosphate, diamorphine hydrochloride, papaveretum, and quinine hydrochloride.
p-Chlorocresol is corrosive to metals and forms complex compounds with transition metal ions; discoloration occurs with iron salts.

p-Chlorocresol also exhibits strong sorption or binding tendencies to organic materials such as rubber, certain plastics, and nonionic surfactants.
p-Chlorocresol may be lost from solutions to rubber closures, and in contact with polyethylene may initially be rapidly removed by sorption and then by permeation, the uptake being temperature dependent.
Presoaking of components may reduce losses due to sorption, but not those by permeation.

p-Chlorocresol may also be taken up by polymethylmethacrylate and by cellulose acetate.
Losses to polypropylene or rigid polyvinyl chloride are usually small.
At a concentration of 0.1%, chlorocresol may be completely inactivated in the presence of nonionic surfactants, such as polysorbate 80.

However, other studies have suggested an enhancement of antimicrobial properties in the presence of surfactants.
Bactericidal activity is also reduced, due to binding, by cetomacrogol, methylcellulose, pectin, or cellulose derivatives.
In emulsified or solubilized systems, p-Chlorocresol readily partitions into the oil phase, particularly into vegetable oils, and higher concentrations will be required for efficient preservation.

p-Chlorocresol has been shown to be effective as a bactericide in handwash at 0.2% 2/2 a.s in 60 seconds with 6 ml applied.
p-Chlorocresol is also effective against prions such as scrapie in hamsters.
As an ingredient in cosmetic creams and lotions, p-chlorocresol has a 75% dermal absorption value. Up to 100% dermal absorption may be possible when it is dermally applied to broken skin (eg. for eczema).

p-Chlorocresol, also called 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol, is a white to almost white flake.
The biodegradation of p-Chlorocresol is done in the liver, and then excreted primarily via the kidneys or in smaller amounts through the lungs.
In facultative Thauera sp. strain DO, p-Chlorocresol was degraded aerobically either by dehalogenation followed by catechol degradation pathway, or methyl oxidation to 4-chlorobenzoate.

The exact reaction mechanism in humans is unknown.
p-Chlorocresol is slightly soluble in water(4g/L), easy soluble in organic solvent such as alcohols (96 percent in ethanol), ethers, ketones, etc.

p-Chlorocresol is freely soluble in fatty oils, and dissolves in solutions of alkali hydroxides.
p-Chlorocresol appears as a pinkish to white crystalline solid with a phenolic odor.

Uses:
p-Chlorocresol may be used as an analytical standard for the determination of the analyte in water and soil samples by chromatography techniques.
p-Chlorocresol is used as a preservative in a wide number of topical preparations and is a rare cause of allergic contact dermatitis and CoU, the mechanism of which remains uncertain.
p-Chlorocresol is also used as a preservative in creams and other preparations for external use which contain water.

For use as a disinfectant such as a hand wash, p-Chlorocresol is commonly dissolved in alcohol in combination with other phenols.
p-Chlorocresol is a substituted phenol that functions as a cosmetic biocide preservative in skin care and suntan cosmetic formulations.
For use as a disinfectant such as a hand wash, p-Chlorocresol is commonly dissolved in alcohol in combination with other phenols.

p-Chlorocresol is used as a disinfectant, germicide, preservative, and fungicide.
p-Chlorocresol is a compound used as an antiseptic, disinfectant and fungicide.
p-Chlorocresol is found in creams, topical antiseptics, shampoos, cosmetics and cooling fluids.

p-Chlorocresol is also used as an ingredient in various pharmaceutical preparations.
p-Chlorocresol is used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations.
p-Chlorocresol is used as a preservative in a variety of topical preparations, such as corticosteroid creams and moisturizers and in disinfectants and detergents.

p-Chlorocresol is a chlorinated phenol which is used as an antiseptic and preservative.
p-Chlorocresol is mainly used as a disinfectant in the field of poultry, and also can be used as an industrial antimildew agent in the fields of leather, adhesives, coatings, papermaking etc.
p-Chlorocresol may be incorporated into certain industrial cleaning and disinfectant products due to its antimicrobial properties.

These products are designed for use in industrial settings where effective microbial control is essential.
Historically, p-Chlorocresol has been considered for use in oral care products, such as mouthwashes and dental formulations.
p-Chlorocresol is antimicrobial properties could contribute to controlling oral bacteria.

However, alternative antimicrobial agents are often preferred in modern formulations.
p-Chlorocresol has been used in certain veterinary products, including antiseptic solutions and treatments for animals.
p-Chlorocresol is antimicrobial properties can be valuable in veterinary applications.

p-Chlorocresol may have been included in certain cleaning solutions and detergents for its ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, contributing to the overall effectiveness of these products.
In some industrial processes involving plastics and polymers, p-Chlorocresol has been considered for its antimicrobial properties to prevent microbial contamination during production and storage.
p-Chlorocresol has been explored for potential use in seed treatment applications, where it could act as a preservative to protect seeds from fungal and bacterial contamination during storage.

p-Chlorocresol has been used in laboratory settings for efficacy testing of antimicrobial agents.
p-Chlorocresol serves as a reference compound to assess the effectiveness of other antimicrobial substances.
Due to regulatory considerations and evolving consumer preferences for milder and more environmentally friendly formulations, the use of p-Chlorocresol has decreased in favor of alternative preservatives and antimicrobial agents in various industries.

Ongoing research in the fields of chemistry and microbiology may lead to new insights into the properties of p-Chlorocresol and its potential applications, or it may contribute to the development of safer and more effective alternatives.
Personal care products, such as antibacterial soap, antibacterial shampoo and health care products is generally used in concentrations up to 0.2% in a variety of preparations except those intended for oral administration or that contact mucous membrane.
p-Chlorocresol is effective against bacteria, spores, molds, and yeasts; it is most active in acidic media.

Preservative efficacy may be reduced in the presence of some other excipients, particularly nonionic surfactants.
p-Chlorocresol is used as a preservative in a variety of topical preparations, such as corticosteroid creams and moisturizers and in disinfectants and detergents.
p-Chlorocresol is used as a disinfectant and preservative found in creams, shampoos, antiseptics, disinfectants, and fungicides.

p-Chlorocresol is a security and efficient anti-mould antiseptic, which can be used in antibacterial hand soap, shampoo and other healthy products.
p-Chlorocresol is mainly used as a disinfectant in the field of poultry, and also can be used as an industrial antimildew agent in the fields of leather, adhesives, coatings, papermaking etc.
p-Chlorocresol is used as an active ingredient in antiseptic solutions, creams, and ointments.

p-Chlorocresol helps prevent and treat infections by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi on the skin.
p-Chlorocresol has been employed as a preservative in some pharmaceutical formulations to prevent the growth of microorganisms and extend the shelf life of the products.
p-Chlorocresol has been used in wood preservation to protect wood from decay and fungal growth. It helps prevent deterioration and extends the lifespan of treated wood.

p-Chlorocresol is frequently used in personal care products, leather, metal machining liquid, concrete, film, gluewater, textile, oiled, paper, etc.
p-Chlorocresol is a security, efficient, anti-mould antiseptic, anti-mildew agent.
p-Chlorocresol is a security, efficient, anti-mould antiseptic, anti-mildew agent.

Particularly effective against putrefactive bacteria and therefore suitable for use in products which are difficult to preserve (e.g. protein-based formulations).
p-Chlorocresol is an activator of ryanodine receptor.
p-Chlorocresol possesses disinfectant and antiseptic properties.

p-Chlorocresol is used in various preparations for skin disinfection and wounds.
In certain dermatological and topical medications, p-Chlorocresol is used for its antimicrobial properties.
p-Chlorocresol can be found in creams, lotions, and other formulations designed for skin application.

While its use in cosmetics has declined in some regions due to regulatory considerations and the desire for alternative preservatives, p-Chlorocresol has been historically used in some cosmetics and personal care products, such as creams, lotions, and soaps.
In the past, p-Chlorocresol has been used as a preservative in certain vaccines to prevent microbial contamination and ensure the integrity of the vaccine during storage.
p-Chlorocresol may be used in certain laboratory applications and industrial processes where antimicrobial properties are required, such as in the production of certain chemical products.

p-Chlorocresol is a compound used as an antiseptic, disinfectant and fungicide.
p-Chlorocresol has been utilized in the textile industry as an antimicrobial agent in the treatment of textiles.
p-Chlorocresol helps prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi on fabrics, contributing to the development of antimicrobial textiles.

p-Chlorocresol has been explored for its potential use as a preservative or antimicrobial agent in certain agricultural formulations.
p-Chlorocresol may be considered in products designed to protect plants or seeds.
In certain water treatment applications, p-Chlorocresol has been investigated for its antimicrobial properties.

p-Chlorocresol may be used to inhibit the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms in water treatment processes.
p-Chlorocresol has found use in the leather industry as a preservative.
p-Chlorocresol helps prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi on leather goods, contributing to the preservation of leather products.

In some formulations in the rubber industry, p-Chlorocresol has been considered for its antimicrobial properties.
p-Chlorocresol may be used to protect rubber products from microbial degradation.
p-Chlorocresol has been used in certain photographic chemicals and processes, where its antimicrobial properties help maintain the stability of solutions used in photography.

p-Chlorocresol may be included in certain cleaning and hygiene products for its antimicrobial properties.
This can contribute to the effectiveness of these products in maintaining cleanliness and preventing microbial contamination.
In some regions and applications, p-Chlorocresol may be considered for use in food contact materials, where its antimicrobial properties could help inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

p-Chlorocresol is found in creams, topical antiseptics, shampoos, cosmetics and cooling fluids.
p-Chlorocresol is also used as an ingredient in various pharmaceutical preparations.

Safety Profile:
p-Chlorocresol is used primarily as a preservative in topical pharmaceutical formulations but has also been used in nebulized solutions and ophthalmic and parenteral preparations.
p-Chlorocresol should not, however, be used in formulations for intrathecal, intracisternal, or peridural injection.
p-Chlorocresol is metabolized by conjugation with glucuronic acid and sulfate and is excreted in the urine, mainly as the conjugate, with little chlorocresol being excreted unchanged.

Although less toxic than phenol, p-Chlorocresol may be irritant to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, and has been reported to cause some adverse reactions when used as an excipient.
Poison by intravenous, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal routes.
Moderately toxic by ingestion.

Incompatible with sodium hydroxide.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl and phosgene.
Human exposure to p-Chlorocresol is mostly through body lotions as it is not found naturally in the environment.

Above the critical effect level (21 mg/ kg/ bw/ day), p-chlorocresol exposure may result in a decrease in absolute adrenal gland weights.
In 2021, it was classified as a compound that may constitute a danger to human life or health by the Government of Canada as the margins of exposure of the critical effect level and the estimated levels of exposure were considered inadequate.
Similar to phenol, neurolytic effects have also been reported for p-Chlorocresol.

However, this reaction is rare and may be due to interindividual hypersensitivity.
p-Chlorocresol does not significantly bioaccumulate in organisms due to low Kow and bioconcentration factors.
p-Chlorocresol is not found to be genotoxic or carcinogenic and has been safely used in human medicine for many years.

Health Hazard:
Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.

Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

Fire Hazard:
Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
Containers may explode when heated.
p-Chlorocresol may be transported in a molten form.

Storage:
p-Chlorocresol is stable at room temperature but is volatile in steam.
Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving.
On exposure to air and light, aqueous solutions may become yellow colored.

Solutions in oil or glycerin may be sterilized by heating at 1608℃ for 1 hour.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

Synonyms:
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol
Chlorocresol
59-50-7
4-Chloro-m-cresol
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Parol
Phenol, 4-chloro-3-methyl-
4-Chloro-3-cresol
Ottafact
Baktol
p-Chlorocresol
Candaseptic
2-Chloro-5-hydroxytoluene
Baktolan
Parmetol
Peritonan
Raschit
Aptal
Rasen-Anicon
4-Chloro-5-methylphenol
PCMC
Preventol CMK
Raschit K
p-Chlor-m-cresol
6-Chloro-3-hydroxytoluene
3-METHYL-4-CHLOROPHENOL
2-Chloro-hydroxytoluene
Parachlorometacresol
Chlorocresolum
4-Chloro-3-methyl phenol
m-Cresol, 4-chloro-
NSC 4166
Rcra waste number U039
para-Chloro-meta-cresol
CHEBI:34395
NSC-4166
MFCD00002323
DTXSID4021717
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol-2,6-d2
1-Chloro-2-methyl-4-hydroxybenzene
NCGC00091338-01
Chlorcresolum
Chlorkresolum
Chlorocresolo
Chlorokresolum
Perol
36W53O7109
Chloro-3-cresol
DTXCID601717
Clorocresolo [DCIT]
Clorocresol [Spanish]
Caswell No. 185A
Chlorocresolum [Latin]
Clorocresol
Clorocresolo
Clorocresol [INN-Spanish]
CAS-59-50-7
Chlorocresolum [INN-Latin]
CCRIS 1938
4-chloro-meta-cresol
HSDB 5198
4-Chloro-1-hydroxy-3-methylbenzene
EINECS 200-431-6
4-chloro-3-methyl-phenol
RCRA waste no. U039
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 064206
BRN 1237629
Lysochlor
Chlorocresol [USAN:INN:NF]
AI3-00075
UNII-36W53O7109
Spectrum_000130
2p7a
4-chlor-3-methylphenol
Chlorocresol (NF/INN)
Spectrum2_000002
Spectrum4_000278
Spectrum5_000705
CHLOROCRESOL [II]
CHLOROCRESOL [MI]
4-chloro-5-methyl-phenol
CHLOROCRESOL [INN]
WLN: QR DG C
CHLOROCRESOL [HSDB]
CHLOROCRESOL [USAN]
EC 200-431-6
SCHEMBL12344
CHLOROCRESOL [MART.]
KBioGR_000776
KBioSS_000590
MLS002152924
BIDD:ER0169
CHLOROCRESOL [WHO-DD]
CHLOROCRESOL [WHO-IP]
DivK1c_000768
Phenol, 4-chloro-5-methyl-
SPECTRUM1500178
SPBio_000003
CHEMBL1230222
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol, 99%
HMS502G10
KBio1_000768
KBio2_000590
KBio2_003158
KBio2_005726
NSC4166
NINDS_000768
P-CHLORO-M-CRESOL [INCI]
HMS1920O03
HMS2091C14
HMS3652F13
HMS3885P09
Pharmakon1600-01500178
CHLOROCRESOL [EP MONOGRAPH]
HY-B1284
Tox21_111116
Tox21_201293
Tox21_300054
BDBM50527069
CCG-39979
HSCI1_000352
NSC756680
s4209
CHLOROCRESOLUM [WHO-IP LATIN]
AKOS000120242
Tox21_111116_1
CS-4678
NSC-756680
Chlorocresol (4-Chloro-3-methylphenol)
IDI1_000768
NCGC00091338-02
NCGC00091338-03
NCGC00091338-04
NCGC00091338-06
NCGC00254021-01
NCGC00258845-01
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol, technical grade
AC-14332
LS-13269
SMR001224524
SBI-0051308.P003
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol, analytical standard
FT-0618220
SW219289-1
EN300-20372
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol, >=98.0% (HPLC)
D03468
AB00051939_02
AB00051939_03
Q302865
SR-05000002033
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol 100 microg/mL in Methanol
Q-200453
SR-05000002033-1
BRD-K89056082-001-03-6
F0001-1543
Z104477910
InChI=1/C7H7ClO/c1-5-4-6(9)2-3-7(5)8/h2-4,9H,1H
43M

cas no 59-50-7 Chlorocresol; 3-Methyl-4-chlorophenol; 4-Chloro-3-methyl phenol; Parachlorometacresol; p-Chloro-m-cresol; 2-Chloro-5-hydroxytoluene; 2-Chloro-hydroxytoluene; 4-Chloro-1-hydroxy-3-methylbenzene; 4-Chloro-3-cresol; 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol; 4-Chloro-5-methylphenol; 4-Chloro-m-cresol; 6-Chloro-3-hydroxytoluene; 6-Chloro-m-cresol; Chlorkresolum; Chloro-3-cresol; Chlorocresol; Chlorocresolo; Chlorocresolum; Clorocresolo; PCMC; Parachlorometacresol; Parmetol; Parol; Peritonan; Perol; p-Chlor-m-cresol; p-Chloro-m-cresol; p-Chlorocresol;

PCL-Liquid is a mixture of branched alkyl fatty acid esters used as a unique emollient providing outstanding skin suppleness.
PCL-Liquid shows high spreading capacity and good skin wetting properties, makes the skin soft, smooth and supple, shows water repellent properties, produces a thin hydrophobic film on the skin which protects from drying out maintains natural water vapor permeability of the skin and counteracts occlusion.
PCL-Liquid is odorless when pure.

CAS: 110-27-0
MF: C17H34O2
MW: 270.45
EINECS: 203-751-4

Synonyms
Isopropyl Myristate, 96% 25GR;IPM 100;IPM-EX;IPM-R;Radia 7730 (IPM);Isopropyl myristate Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%;MYRISTIC ACID ISOPROPYL ESTER MINIMU;ISO-PROPYL N-TETRADECANOATE;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE;110-27-0;Isopropyl tetradecanoate;Estergel;Tetradecanoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester;Bisomel;Isomyst;Promyr;Deltyl Extra;Kesscomir;Tegester;Sinnoester MIP;Crodamol IPM;Plymoutm IPM;Starfol IPM;Unimate IPM;Kessco IPM;Emcol-IM;propan-2-yl tetradecanoate;Wickenol 101;Myristic acid isopropyl ester;Stepan D-50;Emerest 2314;1-Methylethyl tetradecanoate;Deltylextra;JA-FA IPM;Crodamol I.P.M.;Kessco isopropyl myristate;Tetradecanoic acid, isopropyl;FEMA No. 3556;Myristic acid, isopropyl ester;Tetradecanoic acid, isopropyl ester;Caswell No. 511E;Isopropyl myristate [USAN];1-Tridecanecarboxylic acid, isopropyl ester;HSDB 626;NSC 406280;UNII-0RE8K4LNJS;0RE8K4LNJS;EINECS 203-751-4;Estergel (TN);EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000207;NSC-406280;BRN 1781127;methylethyl tetradecanoate;MFCD00008982;iso-Propyl N-tetradecanoate;DTXSID0026838;CHEBI:90027;EC 203-751-4;Tetradecanoic acid methyethyl ester;1405-98-7;NCGC00164071-01;WE(2:0(1Me)/14:0);isopropylmyristate;MYRISTIC ACID, ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL ESTER;Isopropyl myristate, 98%;TETRADECONOIC ACID, 1-METHYLETHYL ESTER;DTXCID306838;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE (II);ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [II];ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE (MART.);ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [MART.];ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE (USP-RS);ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [USP-RS];CAS-110-27-0;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE (EP MONOGRAPH);ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [EP MONOGRAPH];IPM-EX;Isopropyl myristate; 1-Methylethyl tetradecanoate;IPM-R;tetradecanoic acid 1-methylethyl ester;Deltyextra;Myristic acid-isopropyl ester;Tegosoft M;Isopropyl myristate [USAN:NF];Liponate IPM;Crodamol 1PM;IPM 100;isopropyl-myristate;Lexol IPM;Isopropyltetradecanoate;Radia 7190;Isopropyl myristate (NF);Isopropyl tetradecanoic acid;SCHEMBL2442;Isopropyl myristate, >=98%;CHEMBL207602;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [MI];WLN: 13VOY1&1;FEMA 3556;tetradecanoic acid isopropyl ester;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [FHFI];ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [HSDB];ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [VANDF];Isopropyl myristate, >=90% (GC);Tox21_112080;Tox21_202065;Tox21_303171;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [WHO-DD];LMFA0701067;NSC406280;s2428;AKOS015902296;Tox21_112080_1;DB13966;USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 000207;NCGC00164071-02;NCGC00164071-03;NCGC00256937-01;NCGC00259614-01;LS-14615;DB-040910;HY124190;CS-0085813;M0481;NS00006471;Isopropyl Myristate Solution. 500mL, Sterile;D02296;F71211

May be synthesized by conventional esterification of PCL-Liquid with myristic acid.
PCL-Liquid is an emollient in cosmetic and pharmaceutical bases.
PCL-Liquid is a fatty acid ester.
PCL-Liquid is an ester of isopropyl alcohol myristic acid.
PCL-Liquid is mainly used as a solubilizer, emulsifier and emollient in cosmetic and topical medicines.
PCL-Liquid also finds applications as a flavoring agent in the food industry.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

PCL Liquid is an emollient.
PCL-Liquid helps to protect skin.
PCL-Liquid makes the skin soft, smooth and supple.
PCL-Liquid helps the skin to maintain its natural equilibrium.
PCL-Liquid spreads quickly on skin and has a strong film-forming effect without being occlusive.

Thus, PCL-Liquid does not inhibit the natural skin respiration.
PCL-Liquid does not leave a sticky or greasy skin feeling.
PCL-Liquid maintains the natural moisture content of the skin.
PCL-Liquid mimics the composition of natural preen-gland oil but is of course not animal-derived.
PCL-Liquid offers low variation of viscosity with temperature.
PCL Liquid is particularly suitable for W/O emulsions.

PCL-Liquid Chemical Properties
Melting point: ~3 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 193 °C/20 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.85 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: n20/D 1.434(lit.)
FEMA: 3556 | ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: <0.05mg/l
Form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.855 (20/4℃)
Color: Clear
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: Miscible with alcohol. Immiscible with water and glycerol.
Merck: 14,5215
JECFA Number: 311
BRN: 1781127
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: AXISYYRBXTVTFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 7.71
CAS DataBase Reference: 110-27-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: PCL-Liquid (110-27-0)
EPA Substance Registry System: PCL-Liquid (110-27-0)

PCL-Liquid is a colorless and odorless liquid with a faint odor, and miscible with vegetable oil.
PCL-Liquid is not easy to be either hydrolyzed or become rancid.
The refractive index nD20 is 1.435~1.438, and the relative density (20°C) is 0.85~0.86.
PCL-Liquid is used in many applications, including pharma, food and personal care product manufacturing.
PCL-Liquid is a clear, colorless, practically odorless liquid of low viscosity that congeals at about 5°C.
PCL-Liquid consists of esters of propan-2-ol and saturated high molecular weight fatty acids, principally myristic acid.
PCL-Liquid is virtually odorless, very slightly fatty, but not rancid

Content Analysis
Weight 1.5 g sample.
Then PCL-Liquid is determined by the method ester assay (OT-18).
The equivalent factor (e) in the calculation is 135.2.
Or PCL-Liquid is determined by a non-polar column method of gas chromatography (GT-10-4).

Uses
PCL-Liquid is a fatty acid ester which is used as solvent in water-in-oil emulsion, oils and fatty based ointments.
The use of PCL-Liquid is recommended in the Sterility Test chapter of the European, Japanese and United States Pharmacopoeia (EP, 2.6.13, JP, 4.06 and USP, 71) as diluent for oils and oily solutions, as well as for ointments and creams.
Indeed, PCL-Liquid's solvent properties improve the filterability of these samples.
PCL-Liquid is known as a penetration enhancer for topical preparations.
PCL-Liquid is a waterclear, low viscous oily liquid with a very good spreading capacity on the skin.
PCL-Liquid is mainly used in cosmetics as an oilcomponent for emulsions, bath oils and as a solvent for active substances.

PCL-Liquid is an emollient, moisturizer, binder, and skin softener that also assists in product penetration.
An ester of myristic acid, PCL-Liquid is naturally occurring in coconut oil and nutmeg.
Although PCL-Liquid is generally considered comedogenic, some ingredient manufacturers clearly specify non-comedogenicity on their data sheets.
In cosmetic and topical medicinal Preparations where good absorption through the skin is desired.
A jellied PCL-Liquid was marketed as Estergel.

Pharmaceutical Applications
PCL-Liquid is a nongreasy emollient that is absorbed readily by the skin.
PCL-Liquid is used as a component of semisolid bases and as a solvent for many substances applied topically.
Applications in topical pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations include bath oils; make-up; hair and nail care products; creams; lotions; lip products; shaving products; skin lubricants; deodorants; otic suspensions; and vaginal creams.
For example, PCL-Liquid is a self-emulsifying component of a proposed cold cream formula, which is suitable for use as a vehicle for drugs or dermatological actives; PCL-Liquid is also used cosmetically in stable mixtures of water and glycerol.

PCL-Liquid is used as a penetration enhancer for transdermal formulations, and has been used in conjunction with therapeutic ultrasound and iontophoresis.
PCL-Liquid has been used in a water-oil gel prolonged-release emulsion and in various microemulsions.
Such microemulsions may increase bioavailability in topical and transdermal applications.
PCL-Liquid has also been used in microspheres, and significantly increased the release of drug from etoposide-loaded microspheres.
PCL-Liquid is used in soft adhesives for pressuresensitive adhesive tapes.

Pharmacology
PCL-Liquid is used in pharmaceutical preparations because it improves solubility and increases absorption through the skin.
External uses include a non-irritating iodine preparation for disinfecting the skin and aerosol bactericidal preparations for feminine hygiene use without irritation of the skin and mucous membranes.
Preparations for internal use include oral steroid formulations and anaesthetic injection solutions.
Veterinary medications containing PCL-Liquidinclude oral or parenteral compositions for lungworm infections and a spray formulation for bovine udders to treat mastitis, combat infection and improve the general skin condition.

PCL-Liquid has been found to be an effective repository vehicle for im injection of penicillin in rabbits and for sc administration of oestrogens in ovariectomized rats.
In assays on human forearms, vasoconstrictor activity of ointment preparations containing 0025% betamethasone 17-benzoate in white soft paraffin was increased by the presence of isopropyl myristate.
Donovan, Ohmart & Stoklosa noted that the good solvent properties of PCL-Liquid might increase the therapeutic activity of formulations by the apparent alteration in particle size of the active ingredients, so that further evaluation and clinical study would be necessary before its use in extemporaneous compounding could be recommended.
Studies in which the antifungal activity of paraben esters solubilized by surfactants was decreased by PCL-Liquid indicate that the effectiveness of medicinal substances may be influenced by the presence of surfactants and oily ingredients such as isopropyl myristate.

Production Method
PCL-Liquid is a product of esterification of myristic acid derived from re-steamed coconut coil with isopropyl alcohol.
(1) 200 kg myristic acid and 450 kg isopropyl alcohol were added into the reaction vessel in turn.
After mixing, 360 kg sulfuric acid (98%) was added.
The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 10 hours.
PCL-Liquid was then recovered, washed with ice water, and neutralized with Na2CO3 aqueous solution (10%).
Under normal pressure, isopropyl alcohol and water were distilled. While under reduced pressure, PCL-Liquid was distilled (185°C/1.0kPa~195°C/2.7kPa).

(2) 90 kg isopropyl alcohol was added into the reaction vessel and then sulfuric acid as catalyst, with 5% of the total amount, was added.
During mixing, 228 kg myristic acid was added slowly.
The mixture was heated to reflux and water was continuously separated.
Until no water was separated, the reaction temperature was reduced and probe was obtained to measure the acid value.
When the acid value reached 1.5 mg KOH/g, the reaction was completed.
Alkali was then added for neutralization.
After the removal of water under reduced pressure, the pressure was further reduced for dealcoholization until the acid value was 0.05~1.0 mg KOH/g.
The final product is then PCL-Liquid.

Production Methods
PCL-Liquid may be prepared either by the esterification of myristic acid with propan-2-ol or by the reaction of myristoyl chloride and propan-2-ol with the aid of a suitable dehydrochlorinating agent.
A high-purity material is also commercially available, produced by enzymatic esterification at low temperature.

PCL-Liquid 100 is a mixture of branched alkyl fatty acid esters used as a unique emollient providing outstanding skin suppleness.
PCL-Liquid 100 shows high spreading capacity and good skin wetting properties which makes the skin soft, smooth and supple and shows water repellent properties.
PCL-Liquid 100 also produces a thin hydrophobic film on the skin which protects from drying out while it maintains natural water vapor permeability of the skin and counteracts occlusion.

CAS: 90411-68-0
MF: C24H48O2
MW: 0
EINECS: 291-445-1

Synonyms
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, C16-18-alkyl esters;Hexansure, 2-Ethyl-, C16-18-Alkylester;PCL;LIQUID;134647WMX4;Hexadecyl 2-ethylhexanoate;59130-69-7;Cetyl 2-ethylhexanoate;cetyl ethylhexanoate;HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-, HEXADECYL ESTER;134647WMX4;EINECS 261-619-1;Schercemol CO;Exceparl HO;Tegosoft C;UNII-134647WMX4;Pelemol 168;90411-68-0;Hest CSO (Salt/Mix);Crodamol CAP (Salt/Mix);EC 261-619-1;Tegosoft liquid (Salt/Mix);SCHEMBL15239;Lanol 1688 (Salt/Mix);HEXADECYL2-ETHYLHEXANOATE;DTXSID20866741;2-Ethylhexanoic acid, cetyl ester;AKOS028108429;DB11349;NS00007021;Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, C16-18-alkyl esters;Q27251471

PCL-Liquid 100 has high resistance to oxidation.
PCL Liquid 100 is an emollient.
This bioinspired ester oils helps to protect your skin.
PCL-Liquid 100 makes the skin soft, smooth and supple.
PCL-Liquid 100 helps the skin to maintain its natural equilibrium.
PCL-Liquid 100 spreads quickly on skin and has a strong film-forming effect without being occlusive.
Thus PCL-Liquid 100 does not inhibit the natural skin respiration.
PCL-Liquid 100 does not leave a sticky or greasy skin feeling.
PCL-Liquid 100 maintains the natural moisture content of the skin.
PCL-Liquid 100 mimics the composition of natural preen-gland oil but is of course not animal-derived.
PCL-Liquid 100 offers a low variation of viscosity with temperature.
PCL Liquid 100 is particularly suitable for W/O emulsions.

PCL-Liquid 100 is the ester of cetearyl alcohol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid and was formerly called cetearyl octanoate.
PCL-Liquid 100 is a transparent, oil-like, water-resistant liquid that protects skin from moisture loss by acting as an emollient.
PCL-Liquid 100, which has a comparable chemical makeup but slightly different properties and safety, should not be confused with this ingredient.
PCL-Liquid 100, commonly known as “seabird feather oil”, can substitute for natural squalane.
PCL-Liquid 100 has good film forming ability, light texture, water-proof and skin-softening, good moisturizers without viscosity.
PCL-Liquid 100 can be used in lipsticks as pigment dispersant, base oil agent, lipstick glossy agent and emollient of cream and lotion, etc.

PCL-Liquid 100 is an ester of cetyl alcohol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid.
PCL-Liquid 100 is present in cosmetic products as a skin conditioning agent and emollient.
PCL-Liquid 100 is a synthetic mixture of fatty acid esters that resembles the preen gland secretion of aquatic birds.
Thus, PCL-Liquid 100 imparts water repelling characteristics to cosmetic formulations.
PCL-Liquid 100 is also used as an agent that improves "spreadability" and "refatting" material for dry skin condition.

PCL-Liquid 100 is a mix of cetyl and stearyl alcohols esters with 2-ethylhexanoic acid, a colorless oil with a faint inherent odor.
PCL-Liquid 100's former designation was Cetearyl Octanoate.

PCL-Liquid 100 is a multifunctional cosmetic oil used in many kinds of skin and hair care preparations.
PCL-Liquid 100 is insoluble in water, freely miscible with vegetable, mineral, and synthetic oils and fats, and dedicated to the oil phase in o/w and w/o emulsions.

PCL-Liquid 100 is a readily emulsifiable oil used as an emollient, spreadability enhancer, and moisturizer.
Closely related to the biological fats of the skin, PCL-Liquid 100 leaves a pleasant after-feel (non-sticky or greasy) and imparts a smooth, glossy appearance to preparations, rendering the skin soft and supple.

By virtue of its branched chain structure, PCL-Liquid 100 is very spreadable.
PCL-Liquid 100 is used as a base oil in the production of a wide variety of cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations that are easily spread and quickly absorbed by the skin.
Thanks to its good stability against oxidation, PCL-Liquid 100 can be used in sun care applications.
In addition, PCL-Liquid 100 forms a non-occlusive, "breathable" film on the skin that acts as a water-repellant and protects against dehydration.
Thanks to its many beneficial properties, PCL-Liquid 100 is used in many hair, skin, and sun care products and decorative cosmetics.
Toxicological studies have examined the use of PCL-Liquid 100 in cosmetic preparations.
The results obtained did not indicate toxicological hazards when the product was applied in the recommended concentrations for the recommended applications.

Uses
PCL-Liquid 100 works as an emoliient, texture enhancer and a conditioning agent in cosmetics and personal care products.
Skin care: PCL-Liquid 100 smooths and softens the skin.
PCL-Liquid 100 adds a sophisticated spreadability to creams and lotions and is oxygen-stable in addition to its moisturizing qualities.
In leave-on products, PCL-Liquid 100 can be used up to 35% of the time.
Additionally, PCL-Liquid 100 serves as a replacement for whale-derived spermaceti wax.
Numerous cosmetic products, including foundation, facial moisturizers, lipsticks, lip glosses, lip/eye liners, conditioners, and anti-aging products, contain PCL-Liquid 100.

PCL-Solid is a mixture of long-chain fatty acid esters used as an emollient with well-developed consistency giving properties.
PCL-Solid is a colorless wax that melts at skin temperature, has neutral odor, gives emulsions a pleasant consistency and increases their stability.
PCL-Solid creates a soft, pleasant, smooth skin feel, has high levels of refatting potential, also demonstrates strong water repellent properties and forms a hydrophobic film that protects the skin from drying out.

CAS: 24980-41-4
MF: C6H10O2
MW: 114.1424
EINECS: 244-492-7

Synonyms
Ploycarprolactone;Polycaprolactone Standard (Mw 2,000);Polycaprolactone Standard (Mw 4,000);Polycaprolactone Standard (Mw 13,000);Polycaprolactone Standard (Mw 20,000);Polycaprolactone Standard (Mw 40,000);Polycaprolactone Standard (Mw 60,000);Polycaprolactone Standard (Mw 100,000)

PCL Solid is a reliable emollient with valuable caring properties.
PCL-Solid melts slightly above skin temperature.
PCL-Solid gives emulsions a pleasant consistency and helps to increase their stability.
PCL-Solid creates a soft, pleasant and smooth skin feel.
PCL Solid enhances the caring characteristic of formulations.
PCL-Solid is a semi-crystalline polymer, a chemically synthesized biodegradable polymer material, its structural repeating unit has 5 non-polar methylene-CH2 starch, etc.
Substance blending can make completely biodegradable materials.
PCL-Solid is a epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.

PCL-Solid is a synthetic, semi-crystalline, biodegradable polyester with a melting point of about 60 °C and a glass transition temperature of about −60 °C.
The most common use of PCL-Solid is in the production of speciality polyurethanes. PCL-Solid impart good resistance to water, oil, solvent and chlorine to the polyurethane produced.

PCL-Solid is often used as an additive for resins to improve their processing characteristics and their end use properties (e.g., impact resistance).
Being compatible with a range of other materials, PCL can be mixed with starch to lower its cost and increase biodegradability or PCL-Solid can be added as a polymeric plasticizer to polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
PCL-Solid is also used for splinting, modeling, and as a feedstock for prototyping systems such as fused filament fabrication 3D printers.

PCL-Solid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 60 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.146 g/mL at 25 °C
Tg: -60
Storage temp.: -20°C
Form: pellets
Odor: odorless
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H10O2/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-8-6/h1-5H2
InChIKey: PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
EPA Substance Registry System: PCL-Solid (24980-41-4)

Uses
Biodegradable, biocompatible, and bioresorbable polymer composed of ε-caprolactone.
PCL-Solid has been used in the fabrication of research medical devices and research tissue engineering solutions, such as orthopedic or soft tissue fixation devices. Degradation of this material has been thoroughly studied and has been shown to be safely resorbed by the body after implantation.
Modification of molecular weight and polymer composition allows for control of the degradation rate and mechanical stability of the polymer.
Extrusion aid, die lubricant, mold release, pigment and filler dispersion aid and polyester segments in urethanes and block polyesters.

Biomedical applications
PCL-Solid is degraded by hydrolysis of its ester linkages in physiological conditions (such as in the human body) and has therefore received a great deal of attention for use as an implantable biomaterial.
In particular PCL-Solid is especially interesting for the preparation of long term implantable devices, owing to its degradation which is even slower than that of polylactide.

PCL-Solid has been widely used in long-term implants and controlled drug release applications.
However, when PCL-Solid comes to tissue engineering, PCL suffers from some shortcomings such as slow degradation rate, poor mechanical properties, and low cell adhesion.
The incorporation of calcium phosphate-based ceramics and bioactive glasses into PCL-Solid has yielded a class of hybrid biomaterials with remarkably improved mechanical properties, controllable degradation rates, and enhanced bioactivity that are suitable for bone tissue engineering.

PCL-Solid has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in specific applications used in the human body as (for example) a drug delivery device, suture, or adhesion barrier.
PCL-Solid is used in the rapidly growing field of human esthetics following the recent introduction of a PCL-based microsphere dermal filler belonging to the collagen stimulator class (Ellansé).

Through the stimulation of collagen production, PCL-based products are able to correct facial ageing signs such as volume loss and contour laxity, providing an immediate and long-lasting natural effect.
PCL-Solid is being investigated as a scaffold for tissue repair by tissue engineering, GBR membrane.
PCL-Solid has been used as the hydrophobic block of amphiphilic synthetic block copolymers used to form the vesicle membrane of polymersomes.
A variety of drugs have been encapsulated within PCL-Solid beads for controlled release and targeted drug delivery.

In dentistry (as the composite named Resilon), PCL-Solid is used as a component of "night guards" (dental splints) and in root canal filling.
PCL-Solid performs like gutta-percha, has similar handling properties, and for re-treatment purposes may be softened with heat, or dissolved with solvents like chloroform.
Similar to gutta-percha, there are master cones in all ISO sizes and accessory cones in different sizes and taper available.
The major difference between the polycaprolactone-based root canal filling material (Resilon and Real Seal) and gutta-percha is that the PCL-Solid is biodegradable, whereas gutta-percha is not.
There is a lack of consensus in the expert dental community as to whether a biodegradable root canal filling material, such as Resilon or Real Seal is desirable.

Properties and Applications
PCL-Solid is a biodegradable, semicrystalline polyester for use in tissue engineering and drug delivery research applications.
Due to the increased length of the aliphatic chain, PCL-Solid degrades significantly slower than other common biodegradable polymers, such as polylactide.
PCL-Solid features a low melting point (55-60 °C), making it ideal for thermal processing and increasing its use in novel applications such as 3D bioprinting.
In addition to its favorable thermal properties, PCL-Solid also features high solubility in organic solvent allowing for a multitude of other processing options.
PCL-Solidfeatures low residual water, monomer, and catalyst (tin) making it an ideal choice for use in tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting research.

Synthesis
PCL-Solid is prepared by ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone using a catalyst such as stannous octoate.
A wide range of catalysts can be used for the ring opening polymerization of caprolactone.

Chlorocresol; 3-Methyl-4-chlorophenol; 4-Chloro-3-methyl phenol; Parachlorometacresol; p-Chloro-m-cresol; 2-Chloro-5-hydroxytoluene; 2-Chloro-hydroxytoluene; 4-Chloro-1-hydroxy-3-methylbenzene; 4-Chloro-3-cresol; 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol; 4-Chloro-5-methylphenol; 4-Chloro-m-cresol; 6-Chloro-3-hydroxytoluene; 6-Chloro-m-cresol; Chlorkresolum; Chloro-3-cresol; Chlorocresol; Chlorocresolo; Chlorocresolum; Clorocresolo; Parachlorometacresol; Parmetol; Parol; Peritonan; Perol; p-Chlor-m-cresol; p-Chloro-m-cresol; p-Chlorocresol CAS NO:59-50-7

PCMX Chloroxylenol, also known as para-chloro-meta-xylenol (PCMX), is an antiseptic and disinfectant which is used for skin disinfection, and together with alcohol for cleaning surgical instruments.[2] PCMX is also used within a number of household disinfectants and wound cleaners.[3] PCMX is thought to act by disrupting microbial cell walls and inactivating cellular enzymes, and is less effective than some other available agents. PCMX is available as a liquid. History of PCMX PCMX was first made in 1927. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] It is sold in a number of formulations and under a number of brand names, including Dettol. Soon after it was created parachlorometaxylenol was then called PCMX, but this was thought to be a poor name and it was renamed Dettol. Then in 1932 it was marketed in Britain and in India. It had a white on green bottle with a white sword depicted. PCMX is sold, in the same style bottle, in Argentina and Uruguay to this day. Properties of PCMX Side effects are generally few but can include skin irritation.[2][5] It may be used mixed with water or alcohol. PCMX is most effective against gram-positive bacteria.[2] It works by disruption of the cell wall and stopping the function of enzymes. Uses of PCMX PCMX is used in hospitals and households for disinfection and sanitation. It is also commonly used in antibacterial soaps, wound-cleansing applications and household antiseptics such as Dettol liquid (to which it contributes its distinctive odor), cream and ointments.[13]Following independent laboratory testing specific Dettol products have demonstrated effectiveness against the Covid-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2) when used in accordance with the directions for use. Side effects of PCMX PCMX is not significantly toxic to humans, is practically non-toxic to birds, and is moderately toxic to freshwater invertebrates. It is highly toxic to fish, cats, and some amphibians and should not be used around them. PCMX is a mild skin irritant and may trigger allergic reactions in some individuals. Humans Excessive exposure to PCMX has the potential for causing death. It can be poisonous when swallowed and even when it is unintentionally inhaled. A medical study in Hong Kong which analyzed 177 cases of Dettol ingestion that resulted in emergency department treatment (95% of which were intentional), concluded that "Dettol poisoning resulted in serious complications in 7% of patients, including death." Animals PCMX is toxic to many animals, especially cats. Phenolic compounds are of particular concern because cats are unable to fully metabolize them. A cat may swallow the product by licking its paws after they have come into contact with it. In Australia, PCMX spray has been shown to be lethal to cane toads, an invasive species that was introduced from Hawaii as a result of bad judgment in 1935. It had been hoped that the amphibian would control the cane beetle but it became highly destructive within the ecosystem. Spraying the disinfectant at close range has been shown to cause rapid death to toads. PCMX is not known whether the toxins are persistent or whether they harm other Australian flora and fauna. Owing to concerns over potential harm to other Australian wildlife species, the use of PCMX as an agent for pest control was banned in Western Australia by the Department of Environment and Conservation in 2011. Society and culture A number of brand names are available. PCMX is the active ingredient in Dettol. PCMX comprises 4.8% of Dettol's total admixture,[19] with the rest made up by pine oil, isopropanol, castor oil, soap and water. Chloroxylenol (PCMX) also called 4-Chloro-3, 5-dimethylphenol, is a white crystal. PCMX is a secure, high-efficient, broad spectrum and low-toxic antiseptic. PCMX has large potency to Gram-positive, Gram-negative, epiphyte and mildew approved by FDA . PCMX has good chemical stability and doesn’t lose the activity in normal storage conditions. Solubility in water is 0.03 wt%, freely soluble in organic solvent such as alcohols, ethers, polyglycols, etc. and solutions of alkali hydroxides frequently used in personal clean care products. This product (PCMX) is low-poison antibacterial, frequently used in personal care products such as hand - cleaning detergent, soap, dandruff control shampoo and healthy products, etc. Common dosage in lotion as follows: 0.5~1wt% in liquid detergent, 1wt% in antibacterial handing detergent, 4.5~5 wt% in disinfectant. What’s more, PCMX has been used in other fields such as glue, painting, textile, pulp, etc. This study examines the bactericidal and fungicidal efficiency of parachlorometaxylenol (PCMX) and its active ingredient, chlorxylenol at 10% and 20% concentrations, on four microbial isolates from abattoirs' (slaughter houses) floors in an open environment in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State Nigeria. The study was carried out between the months of January 2005 and June 2006. Mixed culture of Vibrio species, Salmonella sp, Campylobacter sp and Candida albicans isolated from five different abattoirs: Agip, Trans -Amadi, Woji, Rumuodara and Rumuokoro: were used as test bacteria and fungi respectively, using agar diffusion and tranditional plate count methods. The four microbial isolates were exposed to parachlorometaxylenol (PCMX) and chlorxylenol after the addition of quenching agent (QAC), at time interval starting from Omin, lOmin, 20min, 30min, 40,min, 50min,and 60min. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was calculated on the resistance and the susceptibility of these four isolates to the test disinfectants, the results showed that there was no significant difference in the test disinfectants effectiveness on these test organisms. The findings showed that Vibrio, Salmonella and Campylobacter were more sensitive to parachlorometaxylenol (PCMX) also called Dettol, while Candida albicans was more sensitive to Chlorxylenol. Also observed from this work is candidiasis infection through cross-contamination can be taken care of in the body of its victim by washing in 10% chloroxylenol. At ambient temperature, a 25% solution of PCMX in isopropanol is not corrosive to stainless steel or aluminum. Brass is slightly affected as is mild steel. Mild steel is slightly affected by isopropanol alone. PCMX is stable when exposed to sunlight and humidity from ambient storage over 24 hours. It is also stable at elevated temperatures (54 °C). Choroxylenol is hydrolytically stable. Drug Indication of PCMX The predominant medical applications for which PCMX is formally indicated for therapeutic use is as an application to the skin for use in cuts, bites, stings, abrasions, and for use as antiseptic hand cleaner. PCMX is a substituted phenol which has been widely used for many years as an ingredient of antiseptic and disinfectant products intended for external use [L1999]. PCMX is known to be bactericidal in low concentration to a wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Absorption No PCMX was detected in the blood following the dermal administration of 2 g of p-PCMX in an ethanol/olive oil vehicle in human subjects. After a dose of 5 g, only traces were found, after 8 g, 1 mg % (1 mg/dL) was found in the blood after 3 hours, and 4 mg % (4 mg/dL) after 24 hours [A32349]. After a dose of 20 g, 4 mg % (4 mg/dL) was measured after half an hour, and 1 mg % (1 mg/dL) was present at 72 hours [A32349]. For antiseptic purposes, PCMX is considered to be well-absorbed when applied to the skin. Volume of Distribution The only data available regarding the volume of distribution of PCMX is the mean Vss of 22.45 L determined after 200 mg intravenous single dose of PCMX was administered to healthy mongrel dog subjects. Clearance The only data available regarding the clearance of PCMX is the mean clearance rate of 13.76 L/hr following a 200 mg intravenous single dose of the substance into healthy mongrel dog subjects [L1989, L1993]. Moreover, in another study, when 8 g of PCMX was administered dermal on a human subject in an alcohol/glycerin vehicle, 11% was excreted in 48 hours. The pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile of p-chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX) was studied in healthy mongrel dogs after intravenous and oral administration of single doses of 200 and 2000 mg of PCMX, respectively. ... The mean half-life and mean residence time were 1.84 and 1.69 hr. respectively. The apparent volume of distribution at steady state was estimated to be 22.4 liters, and the plasma clearance was 14.6 liters/hr. The bioavailability of PCMX was 21%. ... PCMX's metabolite data show that a presystemic elimination process (first-pass effect) is also occurring. PCMX plasma concentrations after intravenous administration of 500-, 200-, and 100-mg doses were found to be proportional to the dose given. Metabolism/Metabolites Certain animal studies have shown that following dermal application of PCMX, that the absorption was rapid with a Cmax = 1-2 hours, and that the administered substance was excreted via the kidney with almost complete elimination within 24 hours. The primary metabolites discovered in the excreted urine were glucuronides and sulfates [L1992]. Some PCMX monographs liken its pharmacokinetic profile to that of another antiseptic - triclosan - which is rapidly excreted in the urine also as a glucuronide metabolite, as observed in the human model. Moreover, In one human subject administered 5 mg intragluteally, 14% was excreted with glucuronic acid and 17% with sulfuric acid at 3 days. Any PCMX absorbed into the body is likely extensively metabolized by the liver and rapidly excreted, mainly in the urine, as sulphate and glucuronide conjugates. One study estimated the mean terminal half-life and mean residence time after a 200 mg intravenous single dose of PCMX in healthy mongrel dog subjects to be 1.7 and 1.69 hours, respectively. Alternatively, some product monographs liken PCMX to a similar liquid antiseptic, triclosan, whose calculated urinary excretion half-life in man is approximately 10 hours. As a phenol antiseptic, it is believed that the hydroxyl -OH groups of the PCMX molecule binds to certain proteins on the cell membrane of bacteria, and disrupts the membrane so as to allow the contents of the bacterial cell to leak out [A1351]. This allows PCMX to enter the bacterial cell to bind further with more proteins and enzymes to disable the cell's functioning [A1351]. At particularly high concentrations of PCMX, the protein and nucleic acid content of targeted bacterial cells become coagulated and cease to function, leading to rapid cell death. Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. PCMX is included on this list. Section 4(g)(2)(A) of FIFRA calls for the Agency to determine, after submission of relevant data concerning an active ingredient, whether products containing the active ingredients are eligible for reregistration. The Agency has previously identified and required the submission of the generic (i.e. active ingredient specific) data required to support reregistration of products containing PCMX active ingredients. The Agency has completed its review of these generic data, and has determined that the data are sufficient to support reregistration of all products containing PCMX. Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: PCMX is included in topical acne drug products. Toxicity Summary of PCMX As PCMX is predominantly employed as an active ingredient in various liquids or creams as cleaners, disinfectants, or antiseptics that are generally designed to be used topically, it is widely accepted that the use of such liquids - when used appropriately - is unlikely to present a sufficient volume that could be ingested to cause any medical problems [L1992]. In the event of accidental eye contact, was with Luke warm water [L1992]. PCMX is known to have a low systemic toxicity, even at dosage levels many times higher that those likely to be absorbed during normal usage of the agent. Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary of PCMX PCMX's production and use as an antibacterial, germicide, antiseptic and in mildew prevention may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.1 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates PCMX will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase PCMX will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.8 hours. PCMX does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and has been reported to be stable to sunlight for up to 24 hours. If released to soil, PCMX is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1,400. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. PCMX is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 10 hours and 9 days, respectively. Degradation of PCMX appears to be slower than other phenol derivatives. Studies in sewage showed 80-95% of the original compound remaining after 2 days and 60-70% remaining after 7 days. This is consistent with other studies that showed less than 40% degradation in activated sludge over 7 days. If released into water, PCMX is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. An estimated BCF of 66 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to PCMX may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where PCMX is produced or used. The most likely route of exposure to the general population is through dermal contact when using soaps or cleaning products that contain PCMX as an antibacterial. A smaller population may be exposed to PCMX when taking medications that contain PCMX as an active ingredient. PCMX's production and use as an antibacterial, germicide, antiseptic and in mildew prevention(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,400(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.27(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that PCMX is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of PCMX from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mol(SRC), derived using a fragment constant estimation method(4). PCMX is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Degradation of PCMX appears to be slower than other phenol derivatives(5,6). Studies in sewage showed 95-80% of the original compound remaining after 2 days and 60-70% remaining after 7 days(5). This is consistent with other studies that showed less than 40% degradation in activated sludge over 7 days(6). ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), PCMX, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.8X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase PCMX is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). PCMX does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and has been reported to be stable to sunlight for up 24 hours(5). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of PCMX with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 6.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5.8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). PCMX is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). PCMX does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and has been reported to be stable to sunlight for up to 24 hours(4). An estimated BCF of 66 was calculated for PCMX(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.27(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). The Koc of PCMX is estimated as 1,400(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.27(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that PCMX is expected to have low mobility in soil. The Henry's Law constant for PCMX is estimated as 5.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that PCMX is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from moist soil and water surfaces(2). PCMX is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.8X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3). Occupational exposure to PCMX may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where PCMX is produced or used(SRC). The most likely route of exposure to the general population is through dermal contact when using soaps or cleaning products that contain PCMX as an antibacterial(SRC). A smaller population may be exposed to PCMX when taking medications that contain PCMX as an active ingredient(1). Because of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of para-chlorometa- xylenol (PCMX) and the need for additional topical agents for bacterial control of the burn wound, PCMX was tested in an in vitro topical antimicrobial susceptibility well assay system. For testing, data from 50 strains of Staphvlococcus aureus and 100 strains of various gram-negative micro-organisms were isolated from wounds of acute burn patients. Results showed that burns colonized by organisms other than P. aeruginosa could be treated with PCMX as a single agent, whereas burn wounds not so colonized could be treated with mixtures of PCMX and an antimicrobial that has anli-Pseudomonas activity. Alternatively, PCMX could be mixed with antimicrobials against which organisms show random resistance and thus expand their spectrum of activity. Therefore, further testing and development of PCMX as a topical antimicrobial preparation seems warranted. Para-Chloro-Meta-Xylenol (PCMX) is an antiseptic and disinfectant. Used for skin disinfection and cleaning surgical instruments. It is also used within a number of household disinfectants and wound cleaners. PCMX is an antimicrobial chemical compound used as a preservative to control bacteria, algae, and fungi in adhesives, emulsions, paints, cooling fluids, glue, cosmetics, hygiene products such as hair conditioners and deodorants, topical medications, urinary antiseptics and metal working fluids. Liquid PCMX solutions are used for cleaning and disinfecting wounds, abrasions and abscesses while creams are used for cuts, scratches, insect bites, and burns. Powders are used to treat problems of the feet and skin inflammations. Uses of PCMX: Preservative in cooling fluids, creams, topical and urinary antiseptics. Chloroxylenol (PCMX) acts against a wide range of bacteria. Liquids are used for the cleaning and disinfecting of wounds and abrasions as well as abscesses. The creams are used for cuts, scratches, insect bites, burns and similar problems. Powders can be used to treat tinea problems of the feet and skin inflammations. Also in pharmaceutical products, hair conditioners, toilet and deodorants, soaps, electrocardiogram paste, etc. Chloroxylenol, or para-chloro-meta-xylenol (PCMX), is an antiseptic and disinfectant agent used for skin disinfection and surgical instruments. PCMX is found in antibacterial soaps, wound-cleansing applications, and household antiseptics. The halophenol is shown to be most effective against Gram positive bacteria where it disrupts the cell wall due to its phenolic nature 1. PCMX is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. PCMX is a substituted phenol which has been widely used for many years as an ingredient of antiseptic and disinfectant products intended for external use. It is known to be bactericidal in low concentration to a wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. As a phenol antiseptic, it is believed that the hydroxyl -OH groups of the PCMX molecule binds to certain proteins on the cell membrane of bacteria, and disrupts the membrane so as to allow the contents of the bacterial cell to leak out. This allows PCMX to enter the bacterial cell to bind further with more proteins and enzymes to disable the cell's functioning. At particularly high concentrations of PCMX, the protein and nucleic acid content of targeted bacterial cells become coagulated and cease to function, leading to rapid cell death. Volume of distribution The only data available regarding the volume of distribution of PCMX is the mean Vss of 22.45 L determined after 200 mg intravenous single dose of PCMX was administered to healthy mongrel dog subjects 6,8. Protein binding One study determined the protein binding of PCMX to be approximately 85.2% +/- 2.32% for serum albumin and 89.8% +/- 2.99% for whole human serum. Metabolism Certain animal studies have shown that following dermal application of PCMX, that the absorption was rapid with a Cmax = 1-2 hours, and that the administered substance was excreted via the kidney with almost complete elimination within 24 hours. The primary metabolites discovered in the excreted urine were glucuronides and sulfates. Some PCMX monographs liken its pharmacokinetic profile to that of another antiseptic - triclosan - which is rapidly excreted in the urine also as a glucuronide metabolite, as observed in the human model. Moreover, In one human subject administered 5 mg intragluteally, 14% was excreted with glucuronic acid and 17% with sulfuric acid at 3 days 4. Any PCMX absorbed into the body is likely extensively metabolized by the liver and rapidly excreted, mainly in the urine, as sulphate and glucuronide conjugates. Route of elimination of PCMX The major route of excretion is likely in urine 8,7, although some amounts may be found in bile and traces in exhaled air. Half-life One study estimated the mean terminal half-life and mean residence time after a 200 mg intravenous single dose of PCMX in healthy mongrel dog subjects to be 1.7 and 1.69 hours, respectively 6,8. Alternatively, some product monographs liken PCMX to a similar liquid antiseptic, triclosan, whose calculated urinary excretion half-life in man is approximately 10 hours. Clearance of PCMX The only data available regarding the clearance of PCMX is the mean clearance rate of 13.76 L/hr following a 200 mg intravenous single dose of the substance into healthy mongrel dog subjects. Moreover, in another study, when 8 g of PCMX was administered dermal on a human subject in an alcohol/glycerin vehicle, 11% was excreted in 48 hours. Toxicity of PCMX As PCMX is predominantly employed as an active ingredient in various liquids or creams as cleaners, disinfectants, or antiseptics that are generally designed to be used topically, it is widely accepted that the use of such liquids - when used appropriately - is unlikely to present a sufficient volume that could be ingested to cause any medical problems 7. In the event of accidental eye contact, was with Luke warm water 7. PCMX is known to have a low systemic toxicity, even at dosage levels many times higher that those likely to be absorbed during normal usage of the agent. Drug overdose There have been many cases of intoxication with oral PCMX liquid, a widespread household disinfectant that contains PCMX 4.8%, pine oil, and isopropyl alcohol [4–8]. PCMX was involved in 10% of hospital admissions related to self-poisoning in Hong Kong. In a retrospective study of 67 cases, serious complications were relatively common (8%) and these included aspiration of PCMX with gastric contents, resulting in pneumonia, cardiopulmonary arrest, bronchospasm, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and severe laryngeal edema with upper airway obstruction. Of 89 patients, five developed minor hematemesis, in the form of coffee-colored or blood-stained vomitus [6]. One patient had a gastroscopy performed on the day after admission, which showed signs of chemical burns in the esophagus and stomach. Gastroscopy in another patient on day 11, done to rule out an esophageal stricture, showed no abnormality. All patients with hematemesis recovered completely. The authors suggest that upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage after PCMX ingestion tends to be mild and self-limiting. Gastroscopy, which may increase the risk of aspiration in patients with impaired consciousness, is not required unless other causes of gastrointestinal bleeding are suspected. Furthermore, PCMX poisoning can be associated with an increased risk of aspiration, possibly caused by the use of gastrointestinal lavage in 88% of the patients and vomiting in 62%. Of 121 patients who ingested PCMX 200–500 ml, three developed renal impairment, as evidenced by raised plasma urea and creatinine [7]. Two of these patients also had serious complications, including aspiration leading to pneumonia and adult respiratory distress syndrome; one died. Renal impairment only appears to be observed when relatively large amounts of PCMX are ingested [7]. PCMX is used in cosmetic products as an antimicrobial at concentrations up to 5.0 percent. It is absorbed through the human skin and gastrointestinal tract. Following oral ingestion by a human of a product formulated with PCMX, both free and conjugated PCMX were detected in the urine. PCMX at 100 percent concentration was a moderate irritant to the rabbit eye, whereas a 0.1 percent aqueous PCMX solution was a nonirritant to rabbit skin. PCMX was nonmutagenic in the Salmonella mutagenesis assay, both with and without metabolic activation. No carcinogenicity or adequate teratogenicity studies have been reported. In clinical studies, formulations containing up to 1 .O percent Chloroxyleno1 were nonsensitizing and essentially nonirritating to the skin. The incidence of skin sensitization among 1752 dermatitis patients exposed to 1 .O percent PCMX was less than 1 .O percent. On the basis of the available information included in this report, it is concluded that PCMX is safe as a cosmetic ingredient in the present practices of use.

2,4,5-trimethyl-2,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole cas no: 22694-96-8

PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt is a kind of oily linear polysiloxane produced from the hydrolysis and poly-condensation of chlorotrimethylsilane, ethyl chlorosilane, and phenyl chlorosilane containing mono-functional group and bifunctional group.
The commonly called PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt means the polydimethylsiloxane and polymethyl phenyl siloxane.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt is a kind of colorless, odorless, non-toxic, transparent, non-volatile liquid with non-corrosive effect on metal, low freezing point and good anti-water property and moisture resistance, low surface tension and being capable of being resistant to dilute acids and bases and has wide application in various national economy departments.

CAS: 63148-62-9
MF: C6H18OSi2
MW: 162.38
EINECS: 613-156-5

Synonyms
DIETHYL ETHER RECTIFIED;ETHYL ACETATE PESTINORM SUPRA TRACE;SILICONE FLUID;2,2,4,4-TETRAMETHYL-3-OXA-2,4-DISILAPENTANE;BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)ETHER;Hexamethyloxy disilane;HMDO;dimethylsilicone fluid;OCTAMETHYLTRISILOXANE;107-51-7;Trisiloxane, octamethyl-;63148-62-9;1,1,1,3,3,5,5,5-Octamethyltrisiloxane;dimethyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silane;Dimeticone;Dimethicone 350;Pentamethyl(trimethylsilyloxy)disiloxane
;Dimethylbis(trimethylsiloxy)silane;9G1ZW13R0G;CHEBI:9147;DTXSID9040710;Dimethicones
;Trisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3,5,5,5-octamethyl-;MFCD00084411;MFCD00148360;CCRIS 3198;EINECS 203-497-4;dimeticonum;UNII-9G1ZW13R0G;Dimeticona;FRD 20;Ctamethyltrisiloxane;MFCD00008264;Pentamethyl(trimethylsiloxy)disiloxane;octamethyl-trisiloxane;dimethicone macromolecule;VOLASIL DM-1;TRISILOXANE [INCI];EC 203-497-4;Octamethyltrisiloxane, 98%;OS 20 (SILOXANE);SCHEMBL23459;TRISILOXANE, OCTAMETHYL;Dow Corning High-Vacuum Grease;CHEMBL2142985;DTXCID7020710;CHEBI:31498;CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-;KF 96A1;OCTAMETHYLTRISILOXANE [MI];dimethylbis(trimethylsiloxy)siliane;Dimethylbis(trimethylsilyloxy)silane;[(CH3)3SiO]2Si(CH3)2;Tox21_301002;CO9816;MFCD00134211;MFCD00165850;Silane, dimethylbis(trimethylsiloxy)-;AKOS015840180;FS-4459;NCGC00164100-01;NCGC00164100-02
;NCGC00254904-01;CAS-107-51-7;NS00041459;O0257;O9816;C07261;D91850;S12475;viscosity 500 inverted exclamation markA30mPa.s;A801717;J-001906;Q2013799;2,2,4,4,6,6-hexamethyl-3,5-dioxa-2,4,6-trisilaheptane;InChI=1/C8H24O2Si3/c1-11(2,3)9-13(7,8)10-12(4,5)6/h1-8H3;28349-86-2

The viscosity of the PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt has small changes with temperature.
At-60~250 °C, PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt can be used as a lubricant agent for sextant, electromotor, shells aiming system and shipborne radar devices.
When being mixed with thickener such as carbon black and lithium stearate, PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt can be used for preparation of viscous grease for being applied to vacuum or high temperature sealing systems and the sealing of vacuum cocks, bushings, and valve.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt will not be cured by high compression with a relative high compressibility and can be used as liquid springs of aircraft and used for eliminating flutter in the buffer, shock absorption system to maintain the stability of the gauge pointer in aircraft cabin and damping of damper device.

Because of its non-corrosiveness on metal and long lifespan, it is widely used as hydraulic pressure fluid in various kinds of delivery systems such as being the hydraulic pressure fluid of aircraft landing gear, flaps, doors, and speed brakes; Because of its small density, low viscosity, PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt can decrease the weight of the hydraulic pressure systems of the aircraft system by 45% compared with the mineral oil system.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt is heat resistant and can be used as the heat transfer medium of-50~250 ℃; it does not absorb moisture and has excellent electrical insulation and can resist high temperature to be used as a dielectric liquid for being applied to the capacitors and the miniature transformer of encapsulating and impregnating.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt is permeable to visible light and can be coated to the lens and optical glass to improve the light transmission properties; its being coated to the motion picture film can reduce the friction and extend the lifespan of the film.

PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt has a good water resistance and can be used for processing wool, rayon, nylon, cotton fabric and can be used for making waterproof fabric; PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt has a low surface tension and can be used for plastic and rubber mold releasing agents; in the food and textile industry, PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt can be used in defoamers.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt is non-toxic with physiologically inertia and can be used for the treatment of flatulence and can also play a role of skin care when added to cosmetics.
Any of a large group of siloxane polymers based on a structure consisting of alternate silicon and oxygen atoms with various organic radicals attached to the silicon:
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt is low viscosity liquid polymerized siloxanes with organic side chains.

A high quality of silicone oil which is clear liquid.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt's viscosity shows very little change with temperature variation.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt exhibits minimum of change among all types of silicone fluids.
Outstanding resistance to high and low temperature extremes, maintenance of flexibility over a wide temperature range are its unique properties.
With a flash point of 315oC PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt is ideal for use as an oil bath up to 230oC
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt shows high resistance to breakdown by mechanical shearing.
The low change in viscosity with temperature and excellent heat and cold resistance makes it an ideal lubricant.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt is, therefore, widely used in gear wheels, bearings and brushes.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt exhibits excellent dielectric properties, which are maintained for prolonged periods of time even under varying operating conditions.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt is used in personal care products as it is a good foam builder, PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt imparts soft silky feel to the hair, ensures smooth wet shaving foams and is non-irritant to skin.

PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt Chemical Properties
Melting point: −59 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 101 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.963 g/mL at 25 °C
Vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: n20/D 1.377(lit.)
Fp: >270 °C (518 °F)
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Sparingly), Toluene (Sparingly)
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.853
Color: Clear colorless
Odor: Odorless
Water Solubility: PRACTICALLY INSOLUBLE
Merck: 14,8495
Dielectric constant: 2.7（Ambient）
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
EPA Substance Registry System: PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt (63148-62-9)

PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt is milk-white viscous liquid and is non-volatile and odorless.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt has a relative density of O.98~1.02.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt is miscible with benzene, gasoline and other kinds of chlorinated hydrocarbons, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons; it is not soluble in methanol, ethanol and water, but can be dispersed in water.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt is Non-flammable, non-corrosive and is chemically stable.

Product Features
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt having a silica structure and is liquid at room temperature and is called as siloxane, referred as silicone oils.
The simplest polydimethylsiloxane is as formula.
In, if the R, R1, R2 are all methyl groups, it is called α, ω-trimethylsilyloxy polydimethylsiloxane, that’s the commonly called silicone oil.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt is a linear polymer of a low molecular weight.
If R1 and R2 are not a methyl group, then PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt is not related to this article.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid and is odorless and tasteless.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt has a high boiling point and low freezing point.
The silicon-oxygen bond is very stable.

PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt has the following features:
① low surface tension which is generally less than 209J/cm2 and is lower compared with the water and general surfactant;
② PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt has low solubility in water and oil with high activity.
This feature allows that only a very small amount of silicone oil can already capable of reducing the surface tension of water;
③ PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt has high stability upon heating and oxygen; This feature allows the silicone oil can be used at high temperature without being subject to decomposition;
④ PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt has low volatility, and is chemically inert, for example, dimethicone with a viscosity of 3 × 10-2m2/s (20 ℃) ​​has a vapor pressure at 100 ℃ as low as only being 6.67 mPa while this value is 40 mPa at 220 ℃.
Moreover, it generally does not react with other substances;
⑤ PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt has high flash point and flame retardancy;
⑥ PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt has excellent electrical insulation ability with mold release property and anti-foaming property.

Uses
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt can be used as emulsifiers.
China has provided that it can be applied during the fermentation process with the maximum usage amount being 0.2g/kg.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt can be used as advanced lubricants, anti-vibration oil, insulating oil, defoamers, release agents, polishes and vacuum diffusion pump oil.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt can be used as the paint for prevention of moisture and rust of metal surface.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt can also be used as the coating for the surfaces of buildings for prevention of water.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt is used as hardening polyurethane foams additive.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt can be used for applications such as: protective coatings for building materials, a cosmetic additive, a dielectric coolant, a lubricant and antiflatulent agent.
PDMS Silicone Oil 350cSt can be used for a wide range of applications such as: heat transferring medium in chemical and petrochemical industries, a dielectric coolant, protective coatings for building materials, a cosmetic additive.

Production Methods
Silicone elastomers are generally prepared from chlorosilanes.
The chlorosilanes are hydrolyzed to give hydroxyl compounds that condense to form elastomers.
Applications include electrical insulation, gaskets, surgical membranes and implants, and automobile engine components.

PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is a low molecular weight polyethylene polymer with the formula (C2H4)n.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has a large variety of uses and applications.


CAS NUMBER: 9002-88-4
Chemical Formula: (C2H4)n



High Density Polyethylene Wax, Polyethylene Wax, PE WAX , Polymer Wax



PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is a low molecular weight polyethylene polymer.
Because of it’s low molecular weight PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has wax like physical characteristics that include properties such as low viscosity, high hardness (brittleness) and relatively high melt point.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is a low molecular weight polyethylene polymer with the formula (C2H4)n.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has the feature of a slippery substance due to its advanced molecular structure.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is obtained from ethylene through a process called polymerization.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) contains limited polyuniformity and molecular weight.
As a result, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has unmatched heat stability and flexibility against other chemicals.
Polyethylene Wax, also known as PE Wax, is derived from ethylene through a process called polymerization.


Manufacturers alter the polymerization process to get a product with desired qualities.
However, certain basic properties of the material are common for all Polyethylene Wax.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is an ultra low molecular weight polyethylene consisting of ethylene monomer chains.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has a large variety of uses and applications.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is available from on-purpose production and as a byproduct of polyethylene production.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is available in both HDPE and LDPE forms.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) also features limited poly disparity and molecular weight.
Consequently, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is highly resistant to chemical attacks, has unmatched heat stability and is very flexible in formulating applications.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is an ultra-low molecular-weight polyethylene consisting of ethylene monomer chains.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has a large variety of uses and applications.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is available from on-purpose production and as a byproduct of polyethylene production


As a completely saturated ethylene homopolymer, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is linear and crystalline.
That is why PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) finds applications such as blends, plastic additives and rubber manufacture.
Due to its high crystalline nature, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has unique features such as hardness at high temperatures and low solubility in a wide range of solvents.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is thermoplastic, so you can guess how it behaves when exposed to heat.
Thermoplastics melt of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is at 110 °C.
An interesting feature of these materials is the ability to be heated and cooled without extensive degradation.


Nevertheless, you can use various methods to identify PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) from other materials, such as sight, touch, and smell.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is similar to plastic sheets.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is a semi-translucent yellow material.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has a gloss surface.
If you cut a PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax), there are neither impurities nor any separation.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has lubricant properties, which you can feel by touch.


At room temperature, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is brittle and fragile.
If you want to test the material, consider boiling PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) in water for five minutes.
Real PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) does not change in shape.


If PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) contains paraffin or any other impurity, you will know it through shape change.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can be used as a disperant, slip agent, resin additive, and mold release agent.
As an oxidised product, OPEW is authorized in the EU as E number reference E914 only for the surface treatment of some fruits.


There are a variety of methods for producing PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax).
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can be made by direct polymerization of ethylene under special conditions that control molecular weight and chain branching of the final polymer.


Another method involves thermal and/or mechanical decomposition of high molecular weight polyethylene resin to create lower molecular weight fractions.
A third method involves separation of the low molecular weight fraction from a production stream of high molecular weight polymer.
These last two methods produce very low molecular weight fractions that should be removed to avoid a product with low flash point that can result in flammability, migration, equipment build up, fouling and other safety and processing issues.


Volatiles in these un refined waxes can also account for significant yield loss during processing
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is a low molecular weight polyethylene polymer.
Compared to natural waxes, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) shows a more slippery substance due to its improved molecular structure.


For this reason, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used extensively in the lubricants group.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is also used in the fields of resin additive,
mold release, hot melt adhesives, and rubber processing.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is a product used in many areas due to it’s pigment heating lubricant feature and heat resistance.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax)es show low solubility in solvents due to it is dense crystalline component structure.
Another purpose of use of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is as a homogenizing agent in the formulation


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is a low molecular weight polyethylene polymer with the formula (C2H4)n.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has the feature of a slippery substance due to its advanced molecular structure.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is obtained from ethylene through a process called polymerization.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) contains limited polyuniformity and molecular weight.
As a result, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has unmatched heat stability and flexibility against other chemicals.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is a prominent lubricant widely employed on exterior surfaces.


Recognized for its exceptional lubricating capabilities, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) aids in separating the melt from the metal, ensuring smooth interaction between metal and PVC, and enhancing a product’s shine.
These benefits are primarily due to PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax)’s innate lubricating properties.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is a low molecular weight polyethylene polymer that is utilized for its beneficial characteristics of lubrication, viscosity modulation, and improved product physical appearance.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is a semi-crystalline, hard, and brittle material, typically appearing as small pellets or flakes.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is widely recognized as a key ingredient for the lip and eye care especially sticks and mascaras.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is an excellent structurant and provides consistency to the formulation.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is an ultra low molecular weight polyethylene consisting of ethylene monomer chains.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has a large variety of uses and applications.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is available from on-purpose production and as a byproduct of polyethylene production.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is available in both HDPE and LDPE forms.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is polyethylene homopolymer wax, an excellent and consistent ingredient for end formulations to improve product physical appearance and thermal properties for a broad range of industries, including hot melt adhesives, PVC, color masterbatches, rubber and thermoplastics road markings, etc.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can be either low density polyethylene (LDPE) or high density polyethylene (HDPE).
There are three major characteristics that differentiate PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax).
Firstly, the molecular weight.


Secondly, the length of polymer branching.
And finally, the monomer or polymer composition.
Changing any of these characteristics will alter the physical characteristics of the PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax), such as viscosity, hardness, melt point and for example reactivity.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) comprises a polymer chain with ethylene that has a low molecular weight.
Mainly, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) exists as a by-product of the polymerization of crude oil into ethylene.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is classified into HDPE wax and LDPE wax.


Typically, HDPE is more crystalline and denser, so if you have a way of determining these properties, you can distinguish the difference between these variations.
Due to its PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax)’s low molecular weight and poly disparity, it has outstanding heat stability, is flexible, and is highly resistant to chemicals.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is a type of synthetic wax derived from the polymerization of ethylene gas.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is commonly produced through the high-pressure polymerization of ethylene using specialize catalysts.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is derived from ethylene through a process called polymerization.


Manufacturers alter the polymerization process to get a product with desired qualities.
However, certain basic properties of the material are common for all PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax).
As a completely saturated ethylene homopolymer, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is linear and crystalline.


That is why PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) finds applications such as blends, plastic additives and rubber manufacture.
Due to its high crystalline nature, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has unique features such as hardness at high temperatures and low solubility in a wide range of solvents.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can be either low-density polyethylene (LDPE) or high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
Generally, HDPE tends to be more dense and crystalline, so you could distinguish the two if you have a way of determining these properties.
Nevertheless, you can use various methods to identify PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) from other materials, such as sight, touch, and smell.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is similar to plastic sheets.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is a semi-translucent yellow material.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has a gloss surface.


If you cut a PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax), there are neither impurities nor any separation.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has lubricant properties, which you can feel by touch.
At room temperature, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is brittle and fragile.


This is unlike a fake version, which is rough and greasy.
If you want to test PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax)l, consider boiling it in water for five minutes.
Real PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) does not change in shape.
If PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) contains paraffin or any other impurity, you will know it through shape change.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
The resulting PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has a wide range of applications due to its unique properties.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in different applications across the world.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) works as a critical raw material in the production of coatings, cosmetics, PVC products, and inks.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used as a dispersant in the production of color masterbatch.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) increases the wax product’s strength and softening point for a good gloss.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) helps ensure that candles burn brightly and safely without producing a cloud of black smoke.


In the PVC industry, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in the molding process as an internal lubricant.
This helps enhance the toughness of pipe and other plastic products.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) ensures that the PVC products have an improved pass rate and are smooth.


In the production of PVC film, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can enhance the film’s transparency and gloss and improve its transverse and longitudinal toughness.
In ink and coatings industries, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used as a dispersant since it provides a tremendous anti-selling effect.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) helps ensure that the printed matter has a three-dimensional effect and good gloss.
Adding as little as 1% of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) to the ink can affect its fluidity and reduce its viscosity.
Besides, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) improves abrasion and scratch resistance and enhances the smoothness of the ink.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) speeds up color fixing, increases hydrophilicity, and completes printing dots.
At the same time, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can reduce the effects of plucking and caking and enhance the printing capabilities of the ink.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can be emulsified in water and dispersed in organic solvents to make wax emulsion or dispersion of appropriate particle size.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used Coatings and inks.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used slip and anti-blocking agent.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is often employ as a slip agent in coatings and inks to reduce the coefficient of friction between surfaces.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) helps in improving the smoothness and slipperiness of the coating or ink film, preventing sticking or blocking when surfaces come into contact.
This property is particularly useful in applications of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) such as paper coatings, flexible packaging, and graphic arts.


Consequently, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is highly resistant to chemical attacks and has a good heat stability.
Extrusion processing is used as lubrication and injection process.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used as a lubricant for HDPE, PP AND PVC.


PVC composite is used as a stabilizer.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used as a lubricant and dispersion in compound production.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) also contributes to easy processing by allowing the material to separate from the mold while being processed.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used as a lubricant in cable installation.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used to improve abrasibility in paint, to increase durability, and as a pigment developer and decomposable carrier.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in floor polishers with high polymer content.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used to provide opacity in candle production.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used at a rate of 5-10% to ensure dispersion of the filling material.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used to increase the strength of car polish.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used as a dispersant in thermosetting paints (road marking paint) to add shine and three dimensions.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used as a film-forming auxiliary to increase the resistance of paper against scratching and mechanical movements.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in the cosmetics industry to provide shine in make-up products.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used as a softener and lubricant to increase the durability of fibers and to prevent tearing.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in polyurethane coatings to provide resistance against abrasion.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in water-based printing inks and overprint varnishes to increase wear resistance and reduce sliding friction.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) market to include plastic additives, candles, cosmetics and rubber.
Other uses of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) are packaging, lubricants, wood, and coatings.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in the Production of plastic and injection molding industries.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in the Production of water and wastewater pipes and gas pressure pipes.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in the production of PVC pipes.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in the production of Cables wires.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used refined PE waxes are non-toxic and are used in food too, cosmetics, and healthy products.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in rubber industries as a lubricant.
In the Production of all kinds of candles, PE wax will increase the thermal resistance and hardness of candles.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in order to prevent oxidizing the metal surface during the coating process.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in the production of Master batch (Masterbatch) for better distribution of pigments and controlling the pressure in the process of production master batch.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in asphalt as an additive.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in the ink and color toner industry.
In Hot melt adhesive, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) by increasing the temperature of congelation without increasing viscosity will cause enhance (improve) the function of hot melt adhesive at high temperatures.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in emulsions.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) would be a widely used type of polyethylene in the world.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) according to their applications will have two types:


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used as a processing aid (PA) and lubricant (Used to achieve the quality and improvement of the production process of PVC & Polymer)
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used as a basic material or additive will participate in improving and modifying the properties of the final product.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) using decrease the friction so increase the extrusion capacity.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) using doesn’t change the product color because PE wax has got good oxidation resistance.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) doesn’t bad effect product’s heat and light stability because pe wax doesn’t include catalizors remnant.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) increase last product’s light stability.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) hasn’t got toxic materials so PE wax can be use food packaging applications.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used hot melt application.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) have very unique polymer properties that make them useful in many applications.
The major functions of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) in many formulations are to either provide lubrication and/or provide physical modification of a formula by changing viscosity and / or melt point.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used hot melt (increasing the solidification point of adhesives without increasing the viscosity of the mixture, improving the behaviour of hot melts at high temperatures).
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used to disperse loads and pigments (masterbatch).


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used coating paper (improving gloss and flexibility, achieving high-quality finishes).
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) process aids to make mixtures of rubber and PVC, among others, more processable.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used manufacturing inks and toners, Additives in paraffin mixtures, Products for filling cables, Additives for asphalt, Emulsions, Textile, Polishes, and Candles (providing increased hardness and thermal resistance).


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has very unique polymer properties that make them useful in many applications.
The major functions of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) in many formulations are to either provide lubrication and/or provide physical modification of a formula by changing viscosity and / or melt point.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) increases inorganic and organic pigment dispersion in matrix polymer during masterbach processing.
Also, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) helps granule produce by decrease softening point of system.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is very good external lubricant for PVC.


When PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) use in PVC application, final produce face has been shine.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used plastic additives, candles, cosmetics and rubber.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used packaging, lubricants, wood and coatings.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) finds application in a wide range of industries because of its desirable physical and chemical properties.
As PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can have a broad range of melt points, densities and other properties, it is understandable why it is used so extensively.
The emulsifiable variety is particularly crucial in the textile industry.


PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is also used in paper coating, leather auxiliaries, crayons and cosmetics.
The non-emulsifiable type is most common in printing ink, pigment concentrates and paints.
In the textile sector, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) probably finds the most intensive application.


Emulsions made from PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) offer stable softening.
While they resist acids and other chemicals, these emulsions are friendly to the fabric – with no yellowing of fabrics, no colour change and no chlorine retention.


The packaging sector is also using PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) intensively.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has very unique polymer properties that make them useful in many applications.
The major functions of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) in many formulations are to either provide lubrication and/or provide physical modification of a formula by changing viscosity and / or melt point.


-The coating industry has historically used waxes.
The importance of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is that it adds water-repellency, better slip, and mark resistance among other features.
When used correctly, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) introduces the following:
*Anti-sagging
*Anti-settling
*Abrasion resistance
*Marking resistance
*Mar resistance

In the inks industry, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) presents similar advantages.
Most ink types contain PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) as a way to improve the coefficient of friction and increase scuff.



7 USES OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is available in powder form, milky white small glass microbead form and block form.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has low viscosity, high softening point, good strength and other properties, non-toxic, good heat resistance, low high temperature volatiles, dispersion of color paste, not only has excellent external lubricity, but also has strong internal lubrication effect.

PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can improve the productivity of plastic granulation, good moisture resistance at room temperature, strong chemical resistance, good electrical properties.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can improve the appearance of finished products.

Because of its excellent external lubrication and strong internal lubrication, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is compatible with high-pressure polyethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene and other epoxy resins.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can be used as a lubricant in extrusion, injection molding and injection production processing.

PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can improve production and processing efficiency, avoid and get rid of plastic film, pipe fittings, plastic sheet bonding, improve the smoothness and smoothness of finished products, and improve the appearance of finished products.

PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can be used as a dispersant for a wide variety of thermoplastic masterbatches and a lubricant dispersant for plastic filling masterbatches and dissolving masterbatches, and can improve the production and processing performance, surface gloss, lubricity and heat resistance of HDPE, PP and PVC.

PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used as internal dispersant in masterbatch production and processing, it is commonly used in high-pressure polyethylene hydrocarbon plastic masterbatch.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used as color paste dispersant, lubricant and polishing liquid in the production process of PVC profile, pipe, tube, PE and PP molding.

PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) lubricant improve the melting level, the ductility and surface gloss of plastic products.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can be used as dispersant and polishing liquid for printing ink and lacquer, especially for road marking paint and line painting paint, which has excellent anti-settlement effect and makes the products have good gloss and hierarchy.

PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in the production of various hot solvents, thermosetting plastic electrostatic powder, and PVC compound thickener.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is commonly used in the production of automobile wax, car wax, varnish wax, and wax products of various kinds of wax products, to improve the softening point of wax products, to enhance their compressive strength and surface smoothness.

In the field of vulcanized rubber, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) improves the surface gloss and luster of the product after de-filming, reduces the amount of paraffin used, and reduces the cost of the product.

PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used in oil-based printing ink and architectural coatings, generally choose air oxidized polyethylene wax, add emulsion breakers to make moisturizing emulsion or dispersion and acrylic emulsion.
Air oxidized PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) improves its water absorption in a sense.



IN WHICH AREAS IS PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX) USED ?
*Cable Industry
*Paint Industry
*Furniture Industry
*Window Profile Industry
*Plastic Industry
*Leather Industry
*Masterbatch production



FEATURES OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
1. High softening point, low viscosity, large molecular weight and small heat loss.
2. PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has strong external lubricating effect.
Compared with ordinary PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax), it can delay plasticization and reduce torque.
3. PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is easy to disperse and improve the glossiness of products.
4. Good compatibility and anti-precipitation.
5. Good mold release, good metal peeling, long continuous production time.
6. Good thermal stability in the later stage, free of oligomers, paraffin, etc.



PROPERTIES OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
properties of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is characterized by its low molecular weight and linear structure.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) typically exists as a solid, white or light yellow-color material with a waxy texture. Some key properties of wax include:

*Low melting point:
Low melting PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has a relatively low melting point, which allows it to melt easily and provide lubrication at low temperatures.

*High hardness:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) possesses a high degree of hardness, making it useful for applications that require abrasion resistance and durability.

*Low viscosity:
Low viscosity PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has a low viscosity, meaning it flows easily and provides excellent internal lubrication.

*Chemical resistance:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) exhibits good resistance to many chemicals, including acids, alkalis, and organic solvents.



FEATURES OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
*High melting point
*High chemical resistance
*Outstanding thermal stability
*Perfect lubricant
*High softening point
*High head resistance
*Compatible with other wax varieties



PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX) IS AVAILABLE IN VARIOUS FORMS, INCLUDING:
*Flakes
*Granules
*Lumps
*Powder



CHARACTERISTICS & FEATURES OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
*High softening point
*High melting point
*Excellent thermal stability
*High chemical resistance
*Highly compatible with wax varieties
*Perfect lubrication
*Perfect head resistance



FUNCTIONS OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
*High binding strength
*Gelling agent
*Viscosity modifier
*Plasticizer
*Improves structure, oil retention, and pay-off for stick applications



COMPATIBILITY OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
Polyethylene Wax is compatible with many vegetable and mineral waxes and a variety of natural and synthetic ingredients.



PRODUCTION PROCESS OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
The production of Polyethylene Wax (PE Wax) is closely tied to the polymerization and subsequent processing of polyethylene.
Several methods are commonly used to produce PE Wax, and the choice of process often depends on the required properties of the end product.
Here’s an overview of some common production processes:

1. Polymerization:
*Ethylene Gas:
The primary raw material, ethylene gas, is polymerized to create polyethylene.

*Catalysts:
Ziegler-Natta catalysts or metallocene catalysts are often used to initiate the polymerization.


2. Cracking:
*High Molecular Weight Polyethylene:
To convert high molecular weight polyethylene to PE Wax, a thermal or catalytic cracking process is employed.

*Outcome:
This reduces the molecular weight and produces PE Wax along with other polyethylene by-products.


3. Oxidation:
Air or Oxygen: Introduced to polyethylene at elevated temperatures.
*Purpose:
To create oxidized PE Waxes that have functional groups, improving compatibility with polar resins.


4. Solvent Recovery:
In some methods, solvents are used to purify or modify the PE Wax.

*Distillation:
Solvents are typically recovered by distillation and can be reused in the process.


5. Additives:
*Modifiers:
Functional groups, stabilizers, or lubricants are added to enhance specific properties.

*Mixing:
Thorough mixing ensures even distribution of additives.


6. Extrusion or Pelletizing:
*Form:
The final PE Wax is often formed into pellets or flakes for easier handling and application.

*Cutting:
Specialized equipment is used to cut or form the wax into the desired shape and size.


7. Quality Control:
Testing:
The PE Wax undergoes a series of tests to confirm it meets specified quality standards.



CHARACTERISTICS OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
*High softening point
*High melting point
*Excellent thermal stability
*High chemical resistance
*Highly compatible with wax varieties
*Perfect lubrication
*Perfect head resistance



PROPERTIES AND FEATURES OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is derived from ethylene through a process called polymerization.
Manufacturers alter the polymerization process to get PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) with desired qualities.
However, certain basic properties of the material are common for all PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax).

As a completely saturated ethylene homopolymer, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is linear and crystalline.
That is why PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) finds applications such as blends, plastic additives and rubber manufacture.
Due to its high crystalline nature, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has unique features such as hardness at high temperatures and low solubility in a wide range of solvents.

PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is thermoplastic, so you can guess how it behaves when exposed to heat.
Thermoplastics melt of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) at 110 °C.
An interesting feature of these materials is the ability to be heated and cooled without extensive degradation.

PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) also features limited poly disparity and molecular weight.
Consequently, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is highly resistant to chemical attacks, has unmatched heat stability and is very flexible in formulating applications.



FEATURES OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
Polyethylene Wax Technical Details
Ultra-low molecular weight polyethylene (average number of molecular weight Min less than 10,000) has the properties and functions like Wax.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) would be produced through polymerization in high pressure with catalysts that contain Oxygen or polymerization in low pressure by using Ziegler, Natta catalyst or breaking chains way.

Most of the manufacturers of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) refined the end materials of different grades of High-Density Polyethylene such as BL3, EX3, EX5, and 0035 by removing Hexane, Alcohol, and volatiles (moisture and oil) to make a high-quality and crispy PE WAX.
All PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) grades have the same structures but the final products would have different features because of different processes of production.

PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is widely used in the purpose to reduce viscosity in different industries.
Functional PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has both physical and Chemical properties of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) and oxygenated materials.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has uses in different industries as dispersants of pigments, additives for inks, plastics productions, cosmetics productions, colors toner, and Adhesives industries.

PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is a by-product material from BL3, EX5, f7000, 0035, and X3 of petrochemical that is made from first-class polyethylene lump.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has less strength and flexibility in comparison to other polyethylene, but its resistance in front of chemicals and external pressures is very high.

The PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) quality would be under the effects of viscosity, melting point, density, and the ability to migrate to the surface and its color.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) flake color of PETRO-ACC would be completely white (not yellowish) and without black dots on it with below 3% of volatile materials.

PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) has a good function as a lubricant, via Ball Bearing Mechanism you can check and examine its lubricant property.
In this mechanism PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) particles migrate to the surface and as an interface will cover the surface and will prevent the material surface from contacting with the surface of the machines and molds.



WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FULLY REFINED AND RAW PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX)?
Raw PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is derived from extracting low molecular weight fractions from high density polyethylene resin streams.
These streams contain contaminants and non – wax fractions such as catalyst, volatile fractions and water.
Refined PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) derived from high density polyethylene resin manufacturing processes undergo an extensive refining process that removes catalyst, volatile fractions and water.
The final product is usually finished by prilling into 1 to 3 mm free flowing prills.



DURABILITY OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
Durability is a key factor when evaluating the quality and applicability of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) in various industrial sectors.
Here’s what you need to know about the durability of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax):

1. Thermal Stability:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) generally exhibits good thermal stability, which is essential for high-temperature applications like hot-melt adhesives and plastic processing.

2. Chemical Resistance:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is chemically inert in most conditions, making it resistant to various solvents, acids, and bases.
However, oxidized grades may react differently.

3. Long Shelf Life:
When stored under proper conditions, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can have an extended shelf life, often ranging from 2 to 5 years depending on the manufacturer’s guidelines.

4. Mechanical Durability:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can enhance the mechanical properties of composite materials, providing added durability to the finished product.

5. UV Resistance:
Some grades of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can offer UV stability, thereby increasing the lifespan of products exposed to sunlight.

6. Oxidation:
While generally stable, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can be oxidized to create oxidized waxes with different characteristics.
Oxidation, if unintended, could affect the product’s durability.

7. Moisture Resistance:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is hydrophobic, making it resistant to water absorption, which in turn contributes to its durability.

8. Compatibility:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax)'s compatibility with other polymers and additives can influence the overall durability of the end product in composite materials or blends.

9. Wear and Tear:
In lubrication applications, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can reduce wear and tear, extending the life of mechanical parts.
For specific applications, it’s crucial to consult the technical data sheets and conduct necessary tests to ensure the PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) grade you’re considering meets your durability requirements.
Always align the choice of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) with its intended application for optimal durability.



PERFORMANCE OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
Performance attributes of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) determine its efficacy in a wide range of applications.
These attributes are influenced by its molecular weight, level of refinement, type (e.g., oxidized or non-oxidized), and any additives present.
Below are key performance characteristics:

1. Lubricity:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) serves as an excellent internal and external lubricant for PVC and other plastics, facilitating smooth processing and enhancing surface properties.

2. Viscosity Control:
In liquid formulations, like inks and coatings, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) plays a role in controlling and reducing viscosity.

3. Dispersibility:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) enhances the dispersion of pigments and fillers in color masterbatches and printing inks.

4. Gloss and Surface Finish:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can enhance the gloss and smoothness of surfaces in applications like paints, varnishes, and coatings.

5. Adhesion:
While PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) itself isn’t inherently adhesive, its presence can modify the adhesion properties of certain formulations, like hot melt adhesives.

6. Heat Stability:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) shows stability under elevated temperatures, crucial for plastic processing, extrusion, and molding applications.

7. Scratch Resistance:
When used in coatings or surface treatments, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) provides improved resistance to scratching and marring.

8. Water Repellency:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax)'s hydrophobic nature imparts water-repellent properties to treated surfaces or materials.

9. Chemical Inertness:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is chemically stable and doesn’t react with most substances, which is advantageous in ensuring the integrity of formulations.

10. Compatibility:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax)’s compatible with various polymers and resins, which makes it a versatile additive in a wide array of applications.

11. Blocking Resistance:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can be used to reduce or eliminate the blocking tendency (unwanted adhesion between layers) in films or sheets.

12. Melt Point:
The melting point can vary based on the grade and is an important factor in determining PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax)'s suitability for specific applications.
When selecting a PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) for a specific application, understanding these performance attributes is vital.



COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is a synthesized wax primarily derived from polyethylene, a polymer made from ethylene monomers.
While the basic constitution of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is polyethylene, its overall composition and properties can vary based on the processing method and any additives or modifiers used.
Here’s a breakdown of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax)'s components and related materials:

1. Base Component:
Polyethylene:
As the name suggests, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is primarily composed of polyethylene. It’s a type of thermoplastic polymer made from ethylene monomers.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is essentially a lower molecular weight version of polyethylene.


2. Modifiers (for specific grades or types):
Functional Groups:
For some PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax), especially oxidized variants, functional groups like carboxylic acids or alcohols might be introduced to enhance certain properties.

*Stabilizers:
To enhance the thermal stability of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax), especially when used in high-temperature applications.

*Plasticizers:
Occasionally added to modify the flexibility or moldability of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax).


3. Additives (to cater to specific applications):
*Lubricants:
Sometimes added to enhance the lubricating properties of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) in certain applications.

*Dyes or Pigments:
When color is required, especially in cosmetic or decorative applications.

*Fillers:
Materials like talc or calcium carbonate might be added to alter the physical properties of the wax.


4. Residual Catalysts:
Traces of catalysts, like Ziegler-Natta catalysts, might be present if they were used in the polymerization of ethylene.


5. Impurities:
Depending on the refining and purification process, minute amounts of other petrochemical derivatives or residual solvents might be present.
When sourcing PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) or using it for specific applications, it’s essential to check its specification sheet or material data sheet.



HOW IS PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX) MADE?
There are a variety of methods for producing PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax).
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can be made by direct polymerization of ethylene under special conditions that control molecular weight.
Another method involves breaking down high molecular weight polyethylene into lower molecular weight fractions.
A third method involves separation of the low molecular weight fraction from high molecular weight polymer.



DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PE WAXES (POLYETHYLENE WAX) TYPE:
There are three major characteristics that differentiate one PE wax from another.
They are
I) Molecular weight,
II) Degree and length of polymer branching,
III) Monomer / polymer composition.
Changing any of these factors will alter the physical characteristics of the PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax), such as viscosity, hardness, melt point, reactivity etc.



DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX) AND PARAFFIN WAX:
Paraffin wax is usually produced as a by-product of oil refining.
It has a molecular weight which is usually less than half that of most PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax).
Because of this and other differences, paraffin wax usually has a much lower melt point and is softer than most PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax).



SPECIFICATION OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is heat-stable, lowly soluble, chemically resistant and hard.
Combining these features with abrasion resistance and broad melting points makes PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) the undisputable choice for a wide range of industrial applications.



THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX) AND POLYETHYLENE:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is a chemical material that behaves in the form of small white microbeads or flakes, with a high melting point, high hardness, high gloss, snow-white color, etc.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is often used in coatings, inks, dermis, cosmetics, etc. and plays an important role.

Polyethylene is the raw material of PE, which is a polymer made by polymerization of ethylene monomer.
Polyethylene is divided into high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene depending on the polymerization method, molecular weight and chain structure.

Low density polyethylene, commonly known as high pressure polyethylene, is mainly used in plastic bags, agricultural films, etc. because of its low density and softest material.

High density polyethylene, commonly known as low pressure polyethylene, has higher temperature resistance, oil resistance, steam penetration resistance and environmental stress cracking resistance compared to LDPE and LLDPE, in addition to good electrical insulation and impact resistance and cold resistance, and is mainly used in blow molding and injection molding.

LLDPE is similar to LDPE in appearance, less transparent, but with good surface gloss, low temperature toughness, high modulus, bending resistance and stress cracking resistance, and better impact strength at low temperature.

PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is an additive in the production, has good dispersibility and lubricity.
These are the difference between PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) vs polyethylene.



PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX); HS CODE, CHEMICAL FORMULA, AND CAS NUMBER
To facilitate international trade, standardize product categorization, and ensure proper tracking, various codes and identifiers are used.
Here are the fundamental details for PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax):

HS Code:
The Harmonized System (HS) Code for PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can vary based on the region and specific grade of the product.
A commonly used HS code for PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is 3404.90, but it’s essential to check with local customs and trade regulations for the most accurate and current code for your region.

Chemical Formula:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is a polymer, so it doesn’t have a fixed chemical formula like small molecules.
However, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax)'s base unit, which repeats in the polymer chain, is derived from ethylene with the formula -CH2-CH2-.

CAS Number:
The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number for Polyethylene is 9002-88-4.
It’s worth noting that CAS numbers are assigned to every chemical described in open scientific literature, ensuring a unique identifier.

For specific trade or manufacturing operations, it’s recommended to verify these details with relevant industry bodies, regulatory agencies, or trusted suppliers to ensure accuracy and compliance.



ORIGIN OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) can be derived through various processes, including the direct polymerization of ethylene, degradation of high molecular weight polyethylene resin, or direct synthesis from lower molecular weight ethylene homopolymers.



PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
Usually seen in the form of white beads, flakes, or powders.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) might also be available in a prill form.



PROPERTIES OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax)’s known for its excellent resistance to chemical agents, thermal stability, and a high melting point.
Due to its nature, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) offers reduced internal and external friction.



COMPATIBILITY OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) exhibits compatibility with a plethora of materials, which makes it versatile in its applications.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax)’s often mixed with paraffin waxes to enhance certain characteristics.



UTILITY OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
Predominantly PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is used as a lubricant, flow improver, or processing aid, particularly in the plastics industry.
Moreover, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) serves as a dispersing agent for pigments and fillers.

Remember, while PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is prevalent in numerous industries, it’s crucial to select the appropriate grade and type to suit specific applications, ensuring optimal performance.



PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX) TYPES AND GRADES:
Understanding the types and grades of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is essential for choosing the right variant for your specific application. Here are the primary categories:

Types:
*Low-Density PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax):
Lighter in weight, used in applications that require less rigidity and more flexibility.

*High-Density PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax):
Offers more rigidity and is suited for more demanding applications, including industrial-grade lubricants.

*Oxidized PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax):
Treated to include oxygen-containing functional groups, this type is often used as an emulsifier.

*Non-Oxidized PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax):
Generally used as a lubricant and friction reducer.

*Functionalized PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax):
Modified for special purposes, such as to improve adhesion or compatibility with polar resins.

*Grades:
Industrial Grade:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is ideal for use in heavy-duty applications like road construction, industrial lubricants, and paint manufacturing.

*Food-Grade:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) meets strict safety guidelines and is suitable for food packaging materials.

*Pharmaceutical Grade:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) passes rigorous purity tests and is used in pharmaceutical applications.

*Cosmetic Grade:
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is utilized in the manufacture of cosmetics and personal care products, adhering to stringent safety and quality standards.

*Custom Grades:
Sometimes, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is custom-formulated to meet specific requirements, including varying molecular weights or containing specialized additives for particular applications.

When selecting a PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax), it’s crucial to consult with suppliers and experts to understand which type and grade will best meet your needs.
Always consider factors such as thermal stability, hardness, and chemical resistance when making your selection.



SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
*High softening point
*High melting point
*Excellent thermal stability
*High chemical resistance
*Highly compatible with wax varieties
*Perfect lubrication
*Perfect head resistance



HOW DOES PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX) DIFFER FROM PARAFFIN AND OTHER WAXES?
Paraffin wax is usually produced as a by-product of oil refining.
It has a molecular weight which is usually less than half that of most PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax).

Because of this and other differences, paraffin wax usually has a much lower melt point and is softer than most PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax).
FT waxes are another class of waxes that are only produced by a limited number of suppliers (i.e. Shell and Sasol) due to the large capital requirements involved in constructing these plants.

FT waxes are produced in the process of making synfuels.
Variations in properties of FT waxes are generally limited to modifying melt point.



HISTORY OF PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
The story of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax), much like other petrochemical derivatives, is deeply rooted in the evolution of polymer science and the oil and gas industry.
Here’s a brief chronology of its development:

1930s:
Polyethylene, the base material for PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax), was discovered by scientists Eric Fawcett and Reginald Gibson at the ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries) company in England.
They produced polyethylene accidentally while attempting to react ethylene under high pressure with benzaldehyde.

Late 1930s to 1940s:
The potential of Polyethylene as a revolutionary plastic was recognized.
With World War II looming, the material’s insulation properties made it crucial for radar cabling.
During these years, methods to derive other useful products from polyethylene, including PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax), were also explored.

1950s:
The post-war era saw a significant boom in the plastics industry.
There was a widespread realization of the multiple benefits and applications of polyethylene-derived products.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) started gaining prominence as an industrial lubricant, plastic processing aid, and in the cosmetics industry.

1970s and 1980s:
With advancements in refining and polymer processing techniques, more types and grades of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) became available.
Oxidized and functionalized PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) emerged, catering to diverse industry needs.

1990s to Present:
The applications of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) diversified further.
Today, PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax)not just limited to industrial and cosmetic applications.
PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax)’s used in a myriad of products, from inks to coatings, textiles, and beyond.

Environmental considerations have also led to efforts to produce more sustainable and eco-friendly PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) variants.
The journey of PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) mirrors that of the larger polymer and petrochemical industries.
As technology and scientific understanding have grown, so have the applications and varieties of this versatile product.



PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX) OTHER NAMES:
Polyethylene Wax (PE Wax) is known in the industry and market by various names, often based on its specific applications, properties, or even based on branding by manufacturers.
Here are some of its commonly recognized names and terms associated with it:

*Polyethylene Homopolymer Wax:
This term is more technical and elaborates on its chemical nature, specifying that it is a homopolymer derived from ethylene.

*PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax):
A common abbreviation used in industries and commercial arenas.

*Polywax:
Often used as a generic term for polyethylene-based waxes.

*Fischer-Tropsch Waxes:
Although not strictly PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax), these waxes are sometimes confused with or categorized alongside PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) because of their similar appearance and properties.

*Low Molecular Weight Polyethylene (LMWPE):
This refers to the fact that PE WAX (Polyethylene Wax) is derived from polyethylene with a low molecular weight.

*Ethene Homopolymer Wax:
Another term reflecting its chemical lineage.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
CAS NUMBER: 9002-88-4
CHEMICAL NAME: Pe Wax, Pe Wax, Polyethylene Wax, Polyethylene Wax, Homopolymer
MELTING POINT: 107 °C -121 °C
BOILING POINT:173.89 °C
VISCOSITY: < 300 mPas
FLASH POINT: > 193 °C (CC)
MELT VISCOSITY (140 °C) cps: 40-60
PENETRATION DMM: < 5
DENSITY g/ml: 0.95
Density: 0.92±0.03
Appearance: Flake/Pearl
Melting Point: 100±10
Color: White
Solubility in Water: Insoluble
Volatile (%): Max 2
Drop Melting Point: 90 – 95° C
Melting Point: 100 – 110° C
Flash Point: 135° c
Density@ 20°c: 0.9 ± 0.02 KG/m3
Oil Content: 0.5 -1 %
Viscosity@ 140°c: 28.5 – 33.4 c.st
Moisture: 1.1 %
Penetration @ 25° c: 0.02 – 0.05 mm
Appearance: White Flake (Super Dry)



FIRST AID MEASURES of PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PE WAX (POLYETHYLENE WAX):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Food Green S; FD&C Green 4; Acid green 50; Lissamine Green B; Wool Green S; C.I. 44090; E142

Pea Protein; Hydrolyzed Pea Protein; cas no: -

Peanut Extract, derived from the seeds of Arachis hypogaea L., is known for its moisturizing, antioxidant, and emollient properties.
Peanut Extract is widely recognized for its ability to nourish the skin, protect against oxidative stress, and provide rich hydration, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare and cosmetic formulations.
This versatile extract offers both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits, helping to maintain skin hydration, promote elasticity, and protect against environmental damage.

CAS Number: 8002-03-7
EC Number: 232-296-4

Synonyms: Peanut Extract, Arachis hypogaea Extract, Peanut Oil Extract, Groundnut Extract, Arachis Extract, Peanut Seed Extract, Groundnut Oil Extract, Peanut Seed Phytocomplex, Arachis Oil Extract, Groundnut Bioactive Extract



APPLICATIONS


Peanut Extract is extensively used in skincare products for its moisturizing properties, providing deep hydration and nourishment for dry skin.
Peanut Extract is favored in the formulation of antioxidant creams, where it helps protect the skin from oxidative stress and environmental damage.
Peanut Extract is utilized in the development of emollient lotions, offering soothing and softening benefits for rough or irritated skin.

Peanut Extract is widely used in the creation of anti-aging creams, providing benefits for improving skin elasticity and reducing the appearance of fine lines.
Peanut Extract is employed in the formulation of hydrating body butters, offering long-lasting moisture and skin protection.
Peanut Extract is essential in the production of lip balms, where it helps to nourish and protect dry, chapped lips.

Peanut Extract is utilized in the production of rich moisturizing creams, offering hydration and protection for sensitive or dry skin.
Peanut Extract is a key ingredient in the creation of nourishing hand creams, providing hydration and protection for dry, rough hands.
Peanut Extract is used in the development of scalp treatments, providing moisture and care for dry or flaky scalps.

Peanut Extract is applied in the formulation of hair conditioners, where it helps to hydrate and nourish hair, improving its softness and manageability.
Peanut Extract is employed in the production of hair oils, offering hydration and shine for dry and damaged hair.
Peanut Extract is used in the development of soothing bath oils, providing moisture and relaxation for dry or irritated skin.

Peanut Extract is widely utilized in the formulation of emollient creams, offering protective and moisturizing care for sensitive skin.
Peanut Extract is a key component in the creation of foot creams, providing deep hydration and nourishment for rough, cracked feet.
Peanut Extract is used in the production of after-sun care products, offering soothing hydration for sun-exposed skin.

Peanut Extract is employed in the formulation of massage oils, where it helps to hydrate the skin and improve elasticity.
Peanut Extract is applied in the development of anti-inflammatory creams, providing soothing and nourishing care for irritated or inflamed skin.
Peanut Extract is utilized in the creation of baby care products, offering gentle hydration and protection for delicate skin.

Peanut Extract is found in the formulation of moisturizing face masks, providing deep hydration and nourishment for dry, dull skin.
Peanut Extract is used in the production of lip care products, offering moisture and protection for dry, chapped lips.
Peanut Extract is a key ingredient in moisturizing shampoos, providing hydration and care for dry or damaged hair.



DESCRIPTION


Peanut Extract, derived from the seeds of Arachis hypogaea L., is known for its moisturizing, antioxidant, and emollient properties.
Peanut Extract is widely recognized for its ability to nourish the skin, protect against oxidative stress, and provide rich hydration, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare and cosmetic formulations.

Peanut Extract offers additional benefits such as improving skin elasticity, soothing irritation, and promoting overall skin health.
Peanut Extract is often incorporated into formulations designed to hydrate and protect the skin from environmental stressors while maintaining its softness and suppleness.
Peanut Extract is recognized for its ability to enhance skin hydration, promoting long-lasting moisture and protection against dryness.

Peanut Extract is commonly used in both traditional and innovative skincare formulations, providing a reliable solution for maintaining skin hydration and protection.
Peanut Extract is valued for its ability to support the skin's natural barrier function, making it a key ingredient in products that aim to improve skin texture and resilience.
Peanut Extract is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a variety of products, including creams, lotions, oils, and hair care treatments.

Peanut Extract is an ideal choice for products targeting skin hydration, nourishment, and protection, providing natural and effective care for dry, sensitive, or aging skin.
Peanut Extract is known for its compatibility with other moisturizing and antioxidant ingredients, allowing it to be easily integrated into multi-functional formulations.
Peanut Extract is often chosen for formulations requiring a balance between hydration, skin protection, and antioxidant care, ensuring comprehensive skin health benefits.

Peanut Extract enhances the overall effectiveness of skincare products by providing natural support for skin hydration, elasticity, and protection.
Peanut Extract is a reliable ingredient for creating products that offer noticeable improvements in skin texture, softness, and moisture retention.
Peanut Extract is an essential component in innovative skincare products known for their performance, safety, and ability to support healthy, hydrated skin.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: N/A (Natural extract)
Common Name: Peanut Extract (Arachis hypogaea Extract)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Light yellow to brown oil or powder
Density: Approx. 0.90-0.95 g/cm³ (for oil extract)
Melting Point: N/A (oil form)
Solubility: Soluble in oils; insoluble in water
Flash Point: >250°C (for oil extract)
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; no known reactivity issues
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store between 15-25°C in a cool, dry place
Vapor Pressure: Low (for oil extract)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Peanut Extract is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
If Peanut Extract is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles if handling large quantities.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of vapors or dust.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation when handling large amounts of Peanut Extract to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct contact with eyes and prolonged skin contact.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Peanut Extract.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

Storage:
Store Peanut Extract in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid inhalation of vapors or direct contact with skin and eyes.
Use explosion-proof equipment in areas where vapors may be present.

cas no 9000-69-5 Poly-D-galacturonic acid methyl ester;

cas no 91051-35-3 PEANUT ACID; Fettsuren, Erdnul; Peanut oil fatty acid; Fatty acids, peanut-oil;

SYNONYMS Peanut oil; Hydrogenated CAS NO:68425-36-5

SYNONYMS ARACHIS OIL;GROUND NUT OIL;OIL OF PEANUT;PEANUT OIL;ROASTED PEANUT OIL;PEANUT OIL, 1000MG, NEAT;PEANUT OIL FROM ARACHIS HYPOGAEA;Peanut(arachishypogaea)oil,refined CAS NO:8002-03-7

PECAN NUT OIL REFINED; carya illinoensis seed oil; carya diguetii seed oil; pecan nut oil; juglans oliviformis seed oil CAS NO:129893-27-2

DESCRIPTION:

Peceol Isostearique Consists of mono-, di- and triglycerides of oleic (C18:1) acid, the monoester fraction being predominant
Peceol Isostearique is Solubilizer for lipophilic APIs and bioavailability enhancer.
Peceol Isostearique is Oily vehicle containing long-chain fatty acids (C18:1) for LFCS Type I (oily), Type II (SEDDS), and Type III (SMEDDS), associated with lymphatic absorption.



CAS: 61788-61-2


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE:
Product form
Liquid
Viscosity (mPa.s)
220 (20°C)
HLB
1
Composition:
Consists of mono-, di- and triglycerides of oleic (C18:1) acid, the monoester fraction being predominant, Glyceryl monooleate (type 40) NF

Dosage Form:
Oral, Soft and hard gelatin capsule filling., Topical, Topical emulgel and ointment.

Function:
Oily vehicle containing long-chain fatty acids (C18:2) for LFCS Type I (oily), Type II (SEDDS), and Type III (SMEDDS), associated with lymphatic absorption.
Oily vehicle for topical formulations.
Solubilizer for lipophilic APIs and bioavailability enhancer.




Peceol Isostearique is Oily vehicle for topical formulations.
Safety of use is inferred by GRAS status and precedence of use in approved pharmaceutical products.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is a hygroscopic, white, odorless and sweet-tasting flaky powder.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is the glycerol ester of stearic acid.


CAS Number: 66085-00-5
EC Number: 266-124-4
MDL Number: MFCD00152509
INCI/Chemical Name: Glyceryl Isostearate
Molecular Formula : C21H42O4



SYNONYMS:
Isooctadecanoicacid,monoesterwith1,2,3-propanetriol, Isostearicacid,1,2,3-propaneriolester(1:1), GLYCEROL MONOISOSTEARATE, isooctadecanoic acid, monoester with glycerol, ALPHA-MONOISOSTEARYLGLYCERYLETHER, Isooctadecansure, Monoester mit Glycerin, Glyceroisoste, Imwitor-780K, Einecs 266-124-4, Glyceroisostearate, GLYCEROL MONOISOSTEARATE, ALPHA-MONOISOSTEARYLGLYCERYLETHER, Isooctadecansure, Monoester mit Glycerin, Isostearicacid,1,2,3-propaneriolester(1:1), isooctadecanoic acid, monoester with glycerol, Isooctadecanoicacid, monoesterwith1,2,3-propanetriol, Isooctadecanoicacid, monoesterwith1,2,3-propanetriol, Isostearicacid,1,2,3-propaneriolester(1:1), GLYCEROL MONOISOSTEARATE, isooctadecanoic acid, monoester with glycerol, ALPHA-MONOISOSTEARYLGLYCERYLETHER, Isooctadecansure, Monoester mit Glycerin, Glyceroisostearate, Imwitor-780K, Emerest 2410, 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl 16-methylheptadecanoate, Glycerol monoisostearate, Glyceryl monoisostearate, GLYCERYL ISOSTEARATE, 66085-00-5, 50486-18-5, HYE7O27HAO, 67938-24-3, Isooctadecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, AKD-2A, Isostearic acid, 1,2,3-propaneriol ester (1:1), Isooctadecanoic acid, monoester with glycerol, 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl isooctadecanoate, UNII-HYE7O27HAO, EINECS 256-603-6, EINECS 266-124-4, EINECS 267-822-1, MGIS, NIKKOL MGIS, glycerin monoisostearate, GLYCEROISOSTEARATE, EC 266-124-4, PRISORINE 2040, PRISORINE GMIS 2040, SCHEMBL2516961, DTXSID70867203, GLYCERYL ISOSTEARATE [II], ISOSTEARIC ACID MONOGLYCERIDE, glycerol monoisostearate, AldrichCPR, 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl16-methylheptadecanoate, DS-016296, NS00004917, Q27280163



Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearateis a glycerin monoisostearate ester, a highly substantive, rich, liquid emollient derived from isostearic acid.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate offers low HLB emulsifying properties and provides soft conditioning, good moisturization, and excellent spreading in liquid personal wash applications.


Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is recommended for use in personal care and cosmetic formulations.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is a natural product found in Streptomyces albidoflavus with data available.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is an organic molecule used as an emulsifier.


Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is a hygroscopic, white, odorless and sweet-tasting flaky powder.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is the glycerol ester of stearic acid.
Pancreatic lipase naturally breaks down fat in the body and is found in fatty foods.


Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate, used as an emulsifier in ice cream, prevents the development of coarse ice crystals and gives a smooth texture.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate, which enables the formation of stable emulsions that do not break down during freezing, improves the shelf life by keeping the ice cream firm and dry without hardening.


Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate, which facilitates the control of the aeration process for optimum overrun, should be added to the mixture at a rate of 0.3-0.4% before homogenization and pasteurization.


Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate in bakery products such as bread and cake; It causes the formation of a soft, moist product interior with a good pore structure, gives white shine and volume to the products, retains moisture, delays the spongy structure and staling, and increases the shelf life of the product.


Unlock the versatile potential of Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate, a highly refined and multifunctional chemical compound that offers a wealth of applications across diverse industries.
This CAS-numbered compound, 66085-00-5, is a true gem in the world of specialty chemicals, boasting a unique combination of properties that make Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate an indispensable tool for researchers, formulators, and innovators alike.


At its core, Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is a complex ester derived from the esterification of glycerol and isostearic acid.
This intricate molecular structure endows the compound with a remarkable array of characteristics, making Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate a valuable asset in a wide range of applications.


With a purity of at least 95%, Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate ensures consistent and reliable performance, allowing you to push the boundaries of your research and development efforts.
The versatility of Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is truly astounding.


In the realm of personal care and cosmetic formulations, Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate shines as a multifunctional ingredient, serving as an emulsifier, emollient, and skin-conditioning agent.
Its ability to enhance the stability, texture, and sensorial properties of a wide range of products, from lotions and creams to gels and serums, makes Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate an indispensable tool for cosmetic chemists and formulators.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = GLYCEROL MONOISOSTEARATE:
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearatealso provides moisturizing properties that make it ideal for AP/DEO and rich hand and body creams.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate has been shown to promote film formation in skin care applications.
Thanks to its pigment-dispersing properties, Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is used in decorative cosmetics.


Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is a safe and eco-friendly ingredient.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is cold-processable, vegetable-derived, and biodegradable.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is used in moisturizers, creams, and other facial and body care products.


Cosmetic Uses of Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate: skin conditioning - emollient, and surfactant - emulsifying
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is used as both emulsifier and stabilizer in the food industry.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is available in powder or bead forms in the market.


Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is a food additive that has a unique odor and is white or sometimes beige in color and is known in the food industry with the food code e 471.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is a very effective emulsifier in emulsifying the oil - water phase.


Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is also effective in extending the stratification and shelf life of food products.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is especially used in the bread, bakery and pastry industry and the oil industry.
Apart from the food industry, Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is used in the cosmetics, detergent, plastic and pharmaceutical industries.


Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is added to the formulations of ice cream, starch products, dairy products, chewing gum, chocolate and other food products.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is used as a softener in textile products and as a lubricant in plastic products.


With the use of Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate, the amount of egg yolk used in the products decreases, thus reducing the cost.
In chocolate products, Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate provides a good oil dispersion even at high temperatures, reduces stickiness and separation during production and storage, improves texture and consistency, reduces crystallization of sugar, reduces blooming and loss of product-specific shine, prevents products such as caramel and nougat from falling on the teeth, prevents aroma substances from falling on the teeth.


Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate ensures better dispersion and stabilization and acts as a plasticizer in chewing gums.
In margarine products, Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate reduces the tension at the oil and water interfaces, which leads to the formation of stable emulsions.


When used with soy lecithin, the solubility of Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate increases.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate, which causes a better mouthfeel in the product and increases its spreadability properties, emulsifies the water in margarine and stabilizes the water in the oil.


Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is a PEG-free emulsifier.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is used to formulate cocoon dream cream.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is an ester that functions as both an emulsifier and an emollient in creams and lotions.


Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate helps to simplify processing by allowing for cold process emulsification.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate produces less soaping than its straight-chain analogue.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is a natural product found in Streptomyces albidoflavus with data available.


Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is a food additive used as a thickener, emulsifier, anti-caking and preservative; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes and solvents; a protective coating for hygroscopic dusts; a solidifying and control releasing agent in pharmaceuticals; and a resin lubricant.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is also used in cosmetics and hair care products.


Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is largely used in cooking preparations to add “body” to food.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is responsible for giving ice cream and whipped cream their soft texture.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is sometimes used as an anti-snake agent in breads.


Liquid emulsifier Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is used as emollients, emulsifiers, thickeners, stabilizers, opacifiers and pearlescent agents.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate is used emulsions for skin and hair care products


Boasting a molecular formula of C21H42O4 and a molecular weight of 358.6 g/mol, Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate offers a wealth of applications in various industries.
Crafted with meticulous attention to detail, Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate's unique properties make it an indispensable tool for your chemical needs.


Explore its potential and unlock new possibilities in your research, formulations, or manufacturing processes.
Beyond the personal care industry, Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate finds its way into the world of food and nutrition.
As a food-grade emulsifier, Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate plays a crucial role in stabilizing and improving the texture of various food products, from baked goods and confections to dairy items and sauces.


Its versatility allows Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate to seamlessly integrate into a multitude of culinary applications, catering to the ever-evolving demands of the modern food industry.
In the realm of industrial applications, Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate demonstrates its prowess as a lubricant, release agent, and plasticizer.


Its unique chemical structure allows Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate to impart desirable properties to a diverse range of materials, from polymers and coatings to inks and adhesives.
Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate's ability to enhance performance, reduce friction, and improve processability makes it a valuable asset in the manufacturing and engineering sectors.



FEATURES OF PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = GLYCEROL MONOISOSTEARATE:
*Highly refined and purified compound with a minimum purity of 95%
*Derived from the esterification of glycerol and isostearic acid
*Multifunctional properties as an emulsifier, emollient, and skin-conditioning agent
*Versatile applications of Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate in personal care, food, and industrial formulations
*Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate enhances stability, texture, and sensorial properties of a wide range of products
*Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate serves as a lubricant, release agent, and plasticizer in various industrial applications
*Peceol Isostearique = Glycerol monoisostearate complies with relevant regulatory standards and guidelines



FUNCTIONS OF PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = GLYCEROL MONOISOSTEARATE:
*Emollient
*Emulsifier



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = GLYCEROL MONOISOSTEARATE:
CAS RN: 66085-00-5
Molecular Formula: C21H42O4
Molecular Weight: 358.56
Alternate Name(s): Emerest 2410
Classification: Surfactant
Molecular Formula: C21H42O4
Molecular Weight: 358.56
CAS No: [66085-00-5]
Product Code: RCA08500
MOL file: Download
Chemical Formula: C21H42O4
Molecular Weight: 358.6 g/mol
Smiles: CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)O
Molecular Weight: 358.6 g/mol

XLogP3: 7.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 19
Exact Mass: 358.30830982 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 358.30830982 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 66.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 25
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 292
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 481.00 to 482.00 °C @ 760.00 mm Hg (estimated)
Flash Point: 309.00 °F TCC (153.80 °C) (estimated)
logP (o/w): 7.274 (estimated)
Soluble in water: 0.01421 mg/L @ 25 °C (estimated)
CAS Number: 66085-00-5
Ref #: 3D-RCA08500
Purity: Min. 95%
Chemical Formula: C21H42O4
Molecular Weight: 358.6 g/mol
HS Code: 2915907098

Name: GLYCEROL MONOISOSTEARATE
CAS: 66085-00-5
EINECS(EC#): 266-124-4
Molecular Formula: C21H42O4
MDL Number: MFCD00152509
Molecular Weight: 358.56
Odor: Mild waxy odor at 100.00%
LogP: 7.274 (estimated)
EPA Substance Registry System: Glycerol monoisostearate (66085-00-5)
IUPAC Name: 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 16-methylheptadecanoate
Solubility in water: 0.01421 mg/L @ 25 °C (estimated)
Boiling Point: 481.5°C at 760 mmHg

Density: 0.957 g/cm3
InChI Key: ASKIVFGGGGIGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C21H42O4/c1-19(2)15-13-11-9-7-5-3-4-6-8-10-12-14-16-21(24)25-18-20(23)17-22/h19-20,22-23H,3-18H2,1-2H3
Canonical SMILES: CCC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)O
Refractive Index: 1.468
CBNumber: Not specified
FDA UNII: HYE7O27HAO
EPA Substance Registry System: Glycerol monoisostearate (66085-00-5)
CAS Registry Number: 66085-00-5
Molecular Weight: 358.56
EINECS: 266-124-4



FIRST AID MEASURES of PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = GLYCEROL MONOISOSTEARATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = GLYCEROL MONOISOSTEARATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust.
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = GLYCEROL MONOISOSTEARATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = GLYCEROL MONOISOSTEARATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = GLYCEROL MONOISOSTEARATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = GLYCEROL MONOISOSTEARATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is a self emulsifying wax.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is located in dozens of personal care products, including moisturizers, eye cream, sunscreen, makeup and hand creams.
Direct Chems provide PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate which is self emulsifying in pearl form and can be used as a viscosity enhancer adding emollient properties which makes skin softer and supple.

CAS: 123-94-4
MF: C21H42O4
MW: 358.56
EINECS: 204-664-4

Synonyms
DL-ALPHA-STEARIN;EMALEX GMS-10SE;EMALEX GMS-195;EMALEX GMS-15SE;EMALEX GMS-B;EMALEX GMS-ASE;EMALEX GMS-A;EMALEX GMS-55FD;Glyceryl monostearate;123-94-4;Monostearin;31566-31-1;GLYCEROL MONOSTEARATE;Glyceryl stearate;Tegin;1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol;2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate;1-MONOSTEARIN;Glycerin 1-monostearate;Glycerol 1-monostearate;Glycerol 1-stearate;Stearin, 1-mono-;Stearic acid 1-monoglyceride;1-Glyceryl stearate;Glycerin 1-stearate;Sandin EU;1-Monostearoylglycerol;Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester;Aldo MSD;Aldo MSLG;Glyceryl 1-monostearate;Stearoylglycerol;alpha-Monostearin;Tegin 55G;Emerest 2407;Aldo 33;Aldo 75;Glycerin monostearate;Arlacel 165;3-Stearoyloxy-1,2-propanediol;Cerasynt SD;11099-07-3;2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate;.alpha.-Monostearin;Monoglyceryl stearate;Glycerol alpha-monostearate;Cefatin;Dermagine;Monelgin;Sedetine;Admul;Orbon;Citomulgan M;DrewmulseV;Cerasynt S;Drewmulse TP;Tegin 515;Cerasynt SE;Cerasynt WM;Cyclochem GMS;Drumulse AA;Protachem GMS;Witconol MS;Witconol MST;FEMA No. 2527;Glyceryl stearates;Monostearate (glyceride);Stearin, mono-;Unimate GMS;Glyceryl monooctadecanoate;Ogeen M;Emcol CA;Emcol MSK;Hodag GMS;Ogeen GRB;Ogeen MAV;Aldo MS;Aldo HMS;Armostat 801;Kessco 40;Stearic monoglyceride;Abracol S.L.G.;Arlacel 161;Arlacel 169;Imwitor 191;Imwitor 900K;NSC 3875;Atmul 67;Atmul 84;Starfol GMS 450;Starfol GMS 600;Starfol GMS 900;Cerasynt 1000-D;Emerest 2401;Aldo-28;Aldo-72;Atmos 150;Atmul 124;Estol 603;Ogeen 515;Tegin 503;Grocor 5500;Grocor 6000;Glycerol stearate, pure;Stearic acid alpha-monoglyceride;Cremophor gmsk;Glyceryl 1-octadecanoate;Cerasynt-sd;Lonzest gms;Cutina gms;Lipo GMS 410;Lipo GMS 450;Lipo GMS 600;glycerol stearate;1-MONOSTEAROYL-rac-GLYCEROL;Nikkol mgs-a;Glyceryl monopalmitostearate;USAF KE-7;1-octadecanoyl-rac-glycerol;EMUL P.7;22610-63-5;EINECS 204-664-4;EINECS 245-121-1;Stearic acid, monoester with glycerol;Glycerol .alpha.-monostearate;Glyceroli monostearas;Glycerol monostearate, purified;Imwitor 491;Sorbon mg-100;Cithrol gms 0400;UNII-258491E1RZ;NSC3875;Stearic acid .alpha.-monoglyceride;(1)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate;MONOSTEARIN (L);NSC-3875;1-Monooctadecanoylglycerol;EINECS 250-705-4;1,2,3-Propanetriol monooctadecanoate;Octadecanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol;GLYCERYL 1-STEARATE;AI3-00966;MG(18:0/0:0/0:0)[rac];85666-92-8;DTXSID7029160;CHEBI:75555;1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol (90%);EC 250-705-4

PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate also acts as a fast penetrating emollient which helps retain hydration, lubricate, condition and soften skin.
They slow loss of moisture so is ideal when adding to natural formulations.
The presence of PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate enables other ingredients in the formulation to continue functioning effectively in order to excel their beneficial properties by extending shelf life, preventing products from freezing and developing crusts on the surface.
One important factor is PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate allows oils to be added to products but decreases the greasiness so the final product is a smooth, creamy texture.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is a long chain molecule typically occurring in the body as a by-product of the breakdown of fats.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is one of the panels of serum metabolic biomarkers for detecting and diagnosing cancer, especial ovarian cancer.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is also used in the development of drug delivery vehicles such as nanoparticles and microemulsions.

PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate can also be used as an emulsifying agent, which allows the suspension of pharmaceuticals in a biodegradable form.
A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate, commonly known as GMS, is a monoglyceride commonly used as an emulsifier in foods.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate takes the form of a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic.
Chemically PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is the glycerol ester of stearic acid.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is also used as hydration powder in exercise formulas
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is a compound commonly used as a food additive and in various industrial applications.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is a type of monoglyceride, which is a molecule composed of glycerol linked to a single fatty acid, in this case, stearic acid.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is known for its emulsifying properties, which make it useful in food production, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals .

PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 78-81 °C
Boiling point: 476.9±25.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 0.9678 g/cm3
FEMA: 2527 | GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE
Storage temp.: -20°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly)
Form: Solid
pka: 13.16±0.20(Predicted)
Color: White to Off-White
Odor: at 100.00 %. mild fatty waxy
Odor Type: fatty
JECFA Number: 918
Merck: 4489
BRN: 1728685
Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB): 5.5
Dielectric constant: 4.9（77.0℃）
InChIKey: VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 7.23
CAS DataBase Reference:123-94-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate (123-94-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate (123-94-4)

The physical and chemical properties of PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate have been extensively studied.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate's effects on the physico-chemical, thermal, and rheological properties of corn and potato starches were investigated, showing that GMS can modify the swelling power, solubility, and syneresis of starches.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate also affected the transition temperatures and enthalpy of gelatinization, as well as the textural properties of noodles made from these starches.
In another study, the stability of the α-gel phase of a PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate-water system was examined, revealing that intrinsic factors like co-emulsifiers and extrinsic factors like cooling rate and shear can influence the phase stability.
The effects of PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate on the performance of thermoplastic starch were also explored, demonstrating its impact on melting point, degradation temperature, and moisture sorption .

Uses
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is self-emulsifying glyceryl stearate.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate provides a stable, uniform oil-in-water emulsion.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is used in the development of drug delivery vehicles such as nanoparticles and microemulsions.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anticaking, and preservative agent; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents; a protective coating for hygroscopic powders; a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals; and a resin lubricant.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is also used in cosmetics and hair-care products.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is largely used in baking preparations to add "body" to the food.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is somewhat responsible for giving ice cream and whipped cream their smooth texture.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is sometimes used as an antistaling agent in bread.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate can also be used as an additive in plastic, where GMS works as an antistatic and antifogging agent.

PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is common in food packaging.
Structure, synthesis, and occurrence
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate exists as three stereoisomers, the enantiomeric pair of 1-glycerol monostearate and 2-glycerol monostearate.
Typically these are encountered as a mixture as many of their properties are similar.
Commercial material used in foods is produced industrially by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides (from either vegetable or animal fats) and glycerol.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate occurs naturally in the body as a product of the breakdown of fats by pancreatic lipase.
PECEOL ISOSTEARIQUE = Glycerol monoisostearate is present at very low levels in certain seed oils.

Poly-D-galacturonic acid methyl ester; APPLE PECTIN;POLY-D-GALACTURONIC ACID METHYL ESTER;POLYGALACTURONIC ACID METHYL ESTER;PARTIALLY METHOXYLATED POLYGALACTURONIC ACID;PECTIN, FROM LEMON;PECTIN;PECTIN, APPLE;PECTIN, CITRUS CAS NO:9000-69-5

PEG 100 Stearate PEG 100 Stearate is a polyethylene glycol ester of stearic acid. PEG 100 Stearate functions as an effective emollient, emulsifier and surfactant. PEG 100 Stearate is used in facial cleansers, creams and lotions, shampoos. PEG 100 STEARATE is classified as : Surfactant CAS Number: 9004-99-3 COSING REF No: 77453 Chem/IUPAC Name: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(1-oxooctadecyl)-.omega.-hydroxy- (100 mol EO average molar ratio) What Is It? Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Stearates (PEG-2 Stearate, PEG-6 Stearate, PEG-8 Stearate, PEG-12 Stearate, PEG-20 Stearate, PEG-32 Stearate, PEG-40 Stearate, PEG-50 Stearate, PEG 100 Stearate, PEG-150 Stearate) are esters of polyethylene glycol and stearic acid. The PEG Stearates are soft to waxy solids that are white to tan in color. In cosmetics and personal care products, PEG Stearates are used in skin creams, conditioners, shampoos, body cleansers and soapless detergents. Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products? The PEG 100 Stearates clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away. Scientific Facts: The PEG 100 Stearates are produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid. The numerical value of each PEG Stearate corresponds to the average number of ethylene oxide monomers in the polyethylene chain. Polyethylene glycol ingredients may also be named with a number that indicates molecular weight, for example polyethylene glycol (400) stearate is another name for PEG-8 Stearate. Why is PEG 100 Stearate in My Skincare Product? PEG or polyethylene glycol stearate is an ingredient that is used in skincare and body care products. PEG 100 stearate is a soft waxy substance used in moisturizers, conditioners, shampoos, cleansers, and soap-free detergents. The 100 in PEG 100 stearate refers to the number of ethylene oxide monomers present on the molecule. PEG 100 stearate is mainly utilized in your skincare products due to its emulsifying abilities. Emulsifiers help to mix oil and water-based ingredients so that they produce a smooth, stable texture. This emulsifying characteristic of PEG 100 stearate also helps to lift oil and dirt from the skin so that it can be rinsed away, making it a staple addition to cleansers and body washes. PEG 100 stearate is a PEG; PEGs are a class of ingredients that have been involved in controversy over their use, particularly from the clean or green beauty industry. This controversy is in part due to claims that it is linked to toxicity within the body due to the presence of impurities during the manufacturing process. This toxicity claim has been evaluated by both the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, both of these groups are responsible for evaluation and regulation of skincare ingredients in the US. Through their research, they determined PEG compounds safe for their indicated uses in skincare and personal care products. In 2002 the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel reviewed newly available data and reaffirmed the approval. However, if you are concerned, discuss PEG 100 Stearate with a doctor or dermatologist, who can advise you whether your medical history may place you at risk with this ingredient. THE GOOD:PEG 100 stearate is used as an emollient and a moisturizer THE NOT SO GOOD: WHO IS IT FOR?All skin types except those that have an identified allergy to it. SYNERGETIC INGREDIENTS:Works well with most ingredients KEEP AN EYE ON:Due to kidney issues associated with the use of PEG 100 stearate products on burn patients, it is recommended to not use PEG 100 stearate containing products on broken skin. Is PEG 100 Stearate Safe? Toxicity The safety of PEG compounds has been called into question in recent years. The questioning of the safety of this ingredient is due to toxicity concerns that result from impurities found in PEG compounds. The impurities of concern are ethylene oxide and 1,4 dioxane, both are by-products of the manufacturing process. Both 1,4 dioxane and ethylene oxide have been suggested to be linked with breast and uterine cancers. While these impurities may have been a concern previously, ingredient manufacturers and improved processes have eliminated the risk of impurities in the final product. The level of impurities that were found initially in PEG manufacturing was low in comparison to the levels proposed to be linked to cancers. Longitudinal studies or studies over a long period of use of PEG compounds have not found any significant toxicity or any significant impact on reproductive health. When applied topically, PEG 100 Stearate is not believed to pose significant dangers to human health. It doesn’t penetrate deeply into the skin and isn’t thought to have bioaccumulation concerns when used topically. Irritation Through research, PEG compounds have exhibited evidence that they are non-irritating ingredients to the eyes or the skin. This research used highly concentrated forms of the ingredient, concentrations that would not be found in your skincare products. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel found PEG compounds to be non-photosensitizing and non-irritating at concentrations up to 100%. However, despite the evidence suggesting that PEG compounds are non-irritating, some research has indicated that irritation can occur when the skin is broken or already irritated. In a study that was trialing the use of PEG containing antimicrobial cream on burn patients, some patients experienced kidney toxicity. The concentration of PEG compounds was identified to be the culprit. Given that there was no evidence of toxicity in any study of PEGs and intact skin, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel amended their safety guidelines to exclude the use of PEG containing products on broken or damaged skin. Is PEG 100 Stearate Vegan? Depending on the source of the stearic acid used to make PEG 100 stearate, it may be vegan. Most of the time, stearic acid is derived from plants. However, it can also be derived from animal origin. If it is of animal origin, the product has to comply with animal by-product regulation. Check with the brand you are thinking of using to determine whether their PEG 100 stearate is derived from a plant or animal source. Why Is PEG 100 Stearate Used? Emulsifier PEG 100 Stearate is included in skincare and beauty products for a variety of reasons, ranging from making the skin softer to helping product formulations better keep their original consistency. As an emollient, PEG 100 stearate is included within skincare product formulations to give the skin a softer feel. It achieves this through strengthening the skin’s moisture barrier by forming a thin fatty layer on the skin’s surface, which prevents moisture loss and increases overall hydration. This moisturizing effect increases the hydration of skin cells, which in turn makes the skin softer and boosts skin health. Texture Another use for PEG 100 stearate has to do with its emulsification properties. Emulsifiers are valued in the skincare and personal care industries because of their ability to mix water and oils. Without this ability, the oils in many formulations would begin to separate from the water molecules, thus undermining product texture and consistency. PEG 100 stearate is also used to help to cleanse through mixing oil and dirt so that it can be rinsed away. Surfactant Lastly, PEG 100 stearate can also act as a surfactant, when used in body and facial cleansers. Surfactants disrupt surface tension, helping to mix water and oil. This characteristic helps the ingredient cleanse the skin by mixing oil with water, lifting dirt trapped inside the skin’s oils, and rinsing it away from the skin. What Types of Products Contain PEG 100 Stearate? There are many products in the skin and personal care industry that are formulated with PEG 100 stearate because of its benefits to formulations and its relative safety. Facial cleansers, shampoos, lotions, and face creams have all been known to contain this ingredient. If you’ve had problems with this ingredient before, or if your doctor has advised you to stay away from PEG 100 stearate, it’s vital to read ingredient labels for any personal care product as it has many applications. What are PEGs? You have probably noticed that many of cosmetics and personal care products you use have different types of PEGs among ingredients. PEG, which is the abbreviation of polyethylene glycol, is not a definitive chemical entity in itself, but rather a mixture of compounds, of polymers that have been bonded together. Polyethylene is the most common form of plastic, and when combined with glycol, it becomes a thick and sticky liquid. PEGs are almost often followed by a number, for example PEG-6, PEG-8, PEG 100 and so on. This number represents the approximate molecular weight of that compound. Typically, cosmetics use PEGs with smaller molecular weights. The lower the molecular weight, the easier it is for the compound to penetrate the skin. Often, PEGs are connected to another molecule. You might see, for example, PEG 100 stearate as an ingredient. This means that the polyethylene glycol polymer with an approximate molecular weight of 100 is attached chemically to stearic acid. In cosmetics, PEGs function in three ways: as emollients (which help soften and lubricate the skin), as emulsifiers (which help water-based and oil-based ingredients mix properly), and as vehicles that help deliver other ingredients deeper into the skin. What effect do PEG 100 Stearate have on your skin? Polyethylene glycol compounds have not received a lot of attention from consumer groups but they should. The most important thing to know about PEGs is that they have a penetration enhancing effect, the magnitude of which is dependent upon a variety of variables. These include: both the structure and molecular weight of the PEG, other chemical constituents in the formula, and, most importantly, the overall health of the skin. PEGs of all sizes may penetrate through injured skin with compromised barrier function. So it is very important to avoid products with PEGs if your skin is not in best condition. Skin penetration enhancing effects have been shown with PEG-2 and PEG-9 stearate. This penetration enhancing effect is important for three reasons: 1) If your skin care product contains a bunch of other undesirable ingredients, PEGs will make it easier for them to get down deep into your skin. 2) By altering the surface tension of the skin, PEGs may upset the natural moisture balance. 3) PEG 100 Stearate are not always pure, but often come contaminated with a host of toxic impurities. Impurities and other PEG 100 Stearate risks According to a report in the International Journal of Toxicology by the cosmetic industry’s own Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) committee, impurities found in various PEG compounds include ethylene oxide; 1,4-dioxane; polycyclic aromatic compounds; and heavy metals such as lead, iron, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, and arsenic. Many of these impurities are linked to cancer. PEG compounds often contain small amounts of ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide (found in PEG-4, PEG-7, PEG4-dilaurate, and PEG 100) is highly toxic — even in small doses — and was used in World War I nerve gas. Exposure to ethylene glycol during its production, processing and clinical use has been linked to increased incidents of leukemia as well as several types of cancer. Finally, there is 1,4-dioxane (found in PEG-6, PEG-8, PEG-32, PEG-75, PEG-150, PEG-14M, and PEG-20M), which, on top of being a known carcinogen, may also combine with atmospheric oxygen to form explosive peroxides — not exactly something you want going on your skin. Even though responsible manufacturers do make efforts to remove these impurities (1,4-dioxane that can be removed from cosmetics through vacuum stripping during processing without an unreasonable increase in raw material cost), the cosmetic and personal care product industry has shown little interest in doing so. Surprisingly, PEG compounds are also used by natural cosmetics companies. If you find PEG 100 Stearate in your cosmetics… Although you might find conflicting information online regarding Polyethylene Glycol, PEGs family and their chemical relatives, it is something to pay attention to when choosing cosmetic and personal care products. If you have sensitive or damaged skin it might be a good idea to avoid products containing PEGs. Using CosmEthics app you can easy add PEGs to personal alerts. In our last blog post we wrote about vegan ingredients. Natural glycols are a good alternative to PEGs, for example natural vegetable glycerin can be used as both moisturiser and emulsifier. CosmEthics vegan list can help you find products that use vegetable glycerin as wetting agent. At present, there is not enough information shown on product labels to enable you to determine whether PEG compounds are contaminated. But if you must buy a product containing PEGs just make sure that your PEGs are coming from a respected brand. Glyceryl stearate and PEG 100 stearate is a combination of two emulsifying ingredients. The stabilising effect of both means that the product remains blended and will not separate. Description Glyceryl stearate is a solid and waxy compound. It is made by reacting glycerine (a soap by-product) with stearic acid (a naturally occurring, vegetable fatty acid). PEG 100 stearate is an off-white, solid ester of polyethylene glycol (a binder and a softener) and stearic acid. The surfactant qualities of glyceryl stearate and PEG 100 stearate allow oil and water to mix. Creams and lotions are water and oil droplets held together by materials called emulsifiers, without them oil droplets would float on top of the water. When used in a moisturiser, this forms a protective barrier on the surface of skin, greatly assisting moisture retention. Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate is a very versatile non-ionic oil-in-water emulsifier that creates silky smooth, ultra-light emulsions. Most datasheets I’ve seen state the content of each Glyceryl Stearate and PEG 100 Stearate as 48–52%, which averages out to a 50/50 blend, though check the datasheet from your supplier for the particular one you have. Appearance I’ve only seen it as brittle white flakes, but some manufacturers sell it as a powder or in pellets. Usage rate 1–25%, depending on the use. SEPPIC lists 5% for a fluid lotion, 10% for lotion, 15% for a thick lotion, 20% for a fluid cream, and 25% for a thick cream. Texture Brittle, hard; weightless in emulsions. Scent Nothing noticeable Absorbency Speed Very light Approximate Melting Point 50–60°C (122–140°F) pH 5.5–7 (3 % solution); tolerates a final pH range of approximately 4–9. Charge Non-ionic Solubility Oil Why do we use it in formulations? Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate is a very effective and crazy versatile emulsifier. It can be used to create everything from sprayable milks to ultra-thick emulsified body butters, and everything in between! Unlike emulsifying waxes like Polawax, Emulsifying Wax NF, Olivem 1000, and Ritamulse SCG, Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate does not substantially thicken emulsions, even in emulsions with very large oil phases. It is also substantially more stable in very thin emulsions. For example, let’s imagine we have four different emulsions; 2 emulsified with Polawax, and 2 emulsified with Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate. One of each emulsifier has a 15% oil phase, and the other two have a 30% oil phase—the only ingredients in the oil phase are a liquid oil and the emulsifier. There are no added thickeners, like gums or fatty alcohols (cetyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, etc.) The Polawax emulsions will have drastically different viscosities. The 15% one will be fairly thin, but still lotion-y. It would work well in a pump-top bottle, or possibly even a bottle with a treatment pump cap. The 30% one will be more like a cream; thick and rich, and much better suited to a jar or tub. The Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate emulsions will have very similar viscosities. The 15% one will be about the consistency of partly skimmed milk, while the 30% one will be more like cream. The 30% one is more viscous because the inner phase (the oil phase) is larger, but that viscosity difference is pretty small—especially when compared to differing phase sizes in an emulsion made with Polawax. Both Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate emulsions could be packaged in a spray bottle, and are far too thin for any sort of pump bottle or jar. Because Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate does not thicken emulsions, it gives us the ability to control the viscosity and oil phase size independently. For instance, you can create an emulsion with a 50% oil phase and decide if you want it to be a thinner, pumpable lotion or a thick, solid cream. You can also choose what you want to thicken it with, allowing you significantly more control over the skin feel of the finished product. With an emulsifying wax like Polawax, that product could only be solid, and the skin feel will be harder to adjust given the unavoidable presence of the thickeners in Polawax. Additionally, because Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate doesn’t add viscosity to our emulsions, it has the ability to create far lighter feeling emulsions—in that way, it’s almost ‘invisible’ in your formulations. If you want to add the fluffy creaminess and weight of cetearyl alcohol, you’ll have to add it yourself—if you used Emulsifying Wax NF instead, that already contains 65–80% cetearyl alcohol, so you can’t avoid it. Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate also works at lower rates than more common emulsifying waxes. Compared to Emulsifying Wax NF, Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate contains a higher percentage of the emulsifying ingredient. Emulsifying Wax NF contains 20–35% Polysorbate 60, while Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate contains approximately 50% PEG 100 Stearate. I’ve seen (and successfully used) Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate at 9–17% of the oil phase, compared to 20–25% for emulsifying waxes like Polawax, Emulsifying Wax NF, Olivem 1000, and Ritamulse SCG. Do you need it? I highly recommend it if you love making lotions—it gives you far more control over your emulsions than emulsifying waxes like Polawax and Ritamulse SCG. Refined or unrefined? Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate only exists as a refined product. Strengths It’s extremely versatile, allowing you to independently adjust the viscosity and oil phase size of your formulations. It easily creates stable emulsions at low usage rates and works brilliantly over a wide variety of oil phase sizes. It’s lightweight, inexpensive, and very effective. Weaknesses It isn’t considered natural; that doesn’t bother me as it is a perfectly safe ingredient, but I can’t offer a suitable naturally-accepted alternative at this time. Alternatives & Substitutions Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate is a tricky ingredient to substitute out. Generally speaking, you’ll need another complete emulsifying wax (something like Emulsifying Wax NF or Olivem 1000), but those complete emulsifying waxes contribute significantly more thickening to finished products, meaning formulations designed to work with Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate will likely be significantly more viscous if you use a thickening emulsifying wax in its place. Depending on the formulation you may be able to adequately compensate by removing any additional fatty thickeners, but this will take some experimenting to get right. If the formulation is for an ultra-light body milk or a very thick emulsified body butter type project, it will be difficult to substitute the emulsifier. You will likely be in re-formulation territory, or you will need to accept a more viscous and/or waxier/heavier end product. How to Work with It Include Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate in your heated oil phase. Storage & Shelf Life Stored somewhere cool, dark, and dry, Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate should last at least two years. Tips, Tricks, and Quirks Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate is different from Glyceryl Stearate SE, though both are emulsifiers. The Body Shop uses Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate to emulsify their signature body butters! Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Stearates (PEG-2 Stearate, PEG-6 Stearate, PEG-8 Stearate, PEG-12 Stearate, PEG-20 Stearate, PEG-32 Stearate, PEG-40 Stearate, PEG-50 Stearate, PEG-100 Stearate, PEG-150 Stearate) are esters of polyethylene glycol and stearic acid. The PEG Stearates are soft to waxy solids that are white to tan in color. In cosmetics and personal care products, PEG Stearates are used in skin creams, conditioners, shampoos, body cleansers and soapless detergents. PEG 100 Stearate is used in cosmetics and beauty products primarily as a surfactant and cleansing agent, because PEG Stearates' ability to clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away, according to. However, it is also seen as an emollient, because of secondary properties. * A surfactant and cleansing agent * Please read TIA’s article on What Is PEG 100 Stearate : PEGs Functions of PEG 100 Stearate : PEG 100 Stearate is used in cosmetics and beauty products primarily as a surfactant and cleansing agent, because PEG Stearates' ability to clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away, according to CosmeticsInfo.org. However, it is also seen as an emollient, because of secondary properties. Unlike typical PEGs, (whose identifying number corresponds to their molecular weight) the numerical value of each PEG Stearate corresponds to the average number of ethylene oxide monomers in the polyethylene chain (from 2 - 150). Despite the many fears regarding PEGs, they are seen as an ingredient in a large number of products because of their diverse properties. In a study published in the Toxicology journal in 2005, entitled "Safety assessment on polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and their derivatives as used in cosmetic products," it was concluded that: "Taking into consideration all available information from related compounds, as well as the mode and mechanism of action, no safety concern with regard to these endpoints could be identified. Based on the available data it is therefore concluded that PEGs of a wide molecular weight range (200 to over 10,000), their ethers (laureths. ceteths, ceteareths, steareths, and oleths), and fatty acid esters (laurates, dilaurates, stearates, distearates) are safe for use in cosmetics." PEG 100 Stearate is not considered to be an irritant or sensitizer (it gave only minimal irritation in studies up to 100%), and are CIR and FDA approved for use, but not on broken skin (Source). Safety Measures/Side Effects of PEG 100 Stearate: However. The Cosmetics Database found PEG 40 Stearate to be a moderate to high hazard ingredient depending on usage. The EWG issues warnings regarding: cancer, developmental and reproductive toxicity, contamination concerns, irritation, and organ system toxicity. According to a study published in the International Journal of Toxicology, PEGs (including PEG 40 Stearate) can contain harmful impurities, including: Ethylene Oxide, known to increase the incidences of uterine and breast cancers and of leukemia and brain cancer, according to experimental results reported by the National Toxicology Program; 1,4-dioxane, a known carcinogen; PAHs, known to increase the risk of breast cancer; lead; iron; and arsenic (Source). Products and formulas containing PEG 40 Stearate should not be used on broken or irritated skin. Although PEGs are considered safe for use topically on healthy skin, studies showed that patients suffering from severe burns were treated with PEG-based antimicrobial cream; this treatment resulted in kidney toxicity. "The PEG content of the antimicrobial cream was determined to be the causative agent. However, no evidence of systemic toxicity occurred in studies with intact skin. Because of the observation of kidney effects in burn patients, the CIR Expert Panel qualified their conclusion on the safety of the PEG ingredients to state that cosmetic formulations containing these ingredients should not be used on damaged skin" SYNONYMS of PEG 100 Stearate Polyoxyl (40) stearate, polyoxyethylene (40) monostearate; INS No. 431 DEFINITION Consists of a mixture of the mono- and diesters of edible commercial stearic acid and mixed polyoxyethylene diols (having an average polymer length of about 40 oxyethylene units) together with free polyol. Structural formula Nominal formula and approximate composition: free polyol monoester diester where RCO- is a fatty acid moiety, and "n" has an average value of approximately 40. The distribution of polymers is approximately in accordance with the Poisson expression. Assay Not less than 84.0 and not more than 88.0% of oxyethylene groups equivalent to not less than 97.5 and not more than 102.5% of polyoxyethylene (40) stearate calculated on the anhydrous basis. DESCRIPTION of PEG 100 Stearate Cream-coloured and exists as flakes or as a waxy solid at 25o with a faint odour FUNCTIONAL USESEmulsifier of PEG 100 Stearate CHARACTERISTICS of PEG 100 Stearate IDENTIFICATION of PEG 100 Stearate Solubility (Vol. 4) Soluble in water, ethanol, methanol and ethylacetate; insoluble in mineral oil Congealing range (Vol. 4)39 - 44o Infrared absorption The infrared spectrum of the sample is characteristic of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyoxyethylated polyol Colour reaction To 5 ml of a 5% (w/v) aqueous solution of the sample add 10 ml of ammonium cobaltothiocyanate solution and 5 ml of chloroform, shake well and allow to separate; a blue colour is produced in the chloroform layer. (Ammonium cobaltothiocyanate solution: 37.5 g of cobalt nitrate and 150 g of ammonium thiocyanate made up to 100 ml with water - freshly prepared). Saponification (Vol. 4) 100 g of the sample yields approximately 13-14 g of fatty acids and 85-87 g of polyols PURITY of PEG 100 Stearate Water (Vol. 4) Not more than 3% (Karl Fischer Method) Acid value (Vol. 4) Not more than 1 Saponification value (Vol. 4) Not less than 25 and not more than 35 Hydroxyl value (Vol. 4) Not less than 27 and not more than 40 Lead (Vol. 4) Not more than 2 mg/kg Determine using an atomic absorption technique appropriate to the specified level. The selection of sample size and method of sample preparation may be based on the principles of the method described in Volume 4, “Instrumental Methods.” METHOD OF ASSAY of PEG 100 Stearate Determine the content of Oxyethylene groups. Polyoxyethylene (100) stearate has been used in a study to assess the phase behaviors of special hot microemulsion to produce drug-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. [3] It has also been used in a study to investigate its effects on multidrug resistance (MDR). Polyoxyethylene 100 monostearate, also known as ethylene glycol monostearate or myrj 52, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty acid esters. These are carboxylic ester derivatives of a fatty acid. Polyoxyethylene 40 monostearate is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule. Polyoxyethylene 40 monostearate has been primarily detected in urine. Within the cell, polyoxyethylene 40 monostearate is primarily located in the membrane (predicted from logP) and cytoplasm. A sample work-up method for gas chromatographic profiling of polyethylene glycol related cmpd in pharmaceutical matrixes is described. After a short sample clean-up, carbon-oxygen linkages were partially cleaved with 0.07/M BBr3 in CH2Cl2 at room temp. The reaction was stopped after 1 min by addn of 0.01M hydrochloric acid. The products were trimethylsilylated and injected onto a WCOT 50 m X 0.25 mm CP-SIL 5 CB fused silica column. Eleven model cmpd, representing 4 common types of polyethylene glycol deriv, were evaluated by this method. Characteristic profiles can be obtained from polyethylene glycol deriv carrying different functional groups. Minimum detectable amt are in the range of 200 ug. Polyoxyl 100 Stearate is used in cosmetics and beauty products primarily as a surfactant and emulsifier. It occurs naturally as a white, waxy or flaky substance, according to The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. CosmeticsInfo.org notes that Polyoxyl 40 Stearate, as part of the PEG Stearate group, are formed from a naturally fatty acid known as Stearic Acid. The PEG Sterates are used in cosmetics and skin care formulas because they can "clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away. Polyethylene glycol (PEG 100 Stearate ; /ˌpɒliˈɛθəlˌiːn ˈɡlaɪˌkɒl, -ˌkɔːl/) is a polyether compound with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG 100 Stearate is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG 100 Stearate is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.[3] Uses of PEG 100 Stearate Medical uses of PEG 100 Stearate PEG 100 Stearate is the basis of a number of laxatives.[4] Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy. PEG 100 Stearate is also used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products. When attached to various protein medications, polyethylene glycol allows a slowed clearance of the carried protein from the blood.[5] The possibility that PEG 100 Stearate could be used to fuse axons is being explored by researchers studying peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury.[4] Chemical uses of PEG 100 Stearate The remains of the 16th century carrack Mary Rose undergoing conservation treatment with PEG 100 Stearate in the 1980s Terra cotta warrior, showing traces of original color Because PEG 100 Stearate is a hydrophilic molecule, it has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies.[6] Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.[7] The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments.[8] Since PEG 100 Stearate is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures (on the order of tens of atmospheres). It also is unlikely to have specific interactions with biological chemicals. These properties make PEG 100 Stearate one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemistry and biomembranes experiments, in particular when using the osmotic stress technique. Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers. PEG 100 Stearate has also been used to preserve objects that have been salvaged from underwater, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm,[9] and similar cases. It replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.[4] In addition, PEG 100 Stearate is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.[10] PEG 100 Stearate has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terracotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China.[11] These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang (first emperor of China) era. Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xi'an air. The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes. The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a PEG 100 Stearate preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers.[12] PEG 100 Stearate is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning. PEG 100 Stearate derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants. PEG 100 Stearate has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers

Silicones and siloxanes, dimethyl, hydropoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl methyl, trimethylsilyl terminated (12 mol EO average molar ratio) CAS NO: MIXTURE

PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE (Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate) A surfactant and emulsifier PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is the polyethylene glycol ether of the diester of natural Methylglucose and Oleic Acid. It is used in beauty products and cosmetics as a surfactant and emulsifier. It is used as a thickener in hair and skin care products. It is considered a non-irritant, and also has a specific property that allows it to reduce the irritation value of whole formulas (Source). The high molecular weight of this specific PEG makes it impenetratable to healthy skin; it is FDA and CIR approved for use, but not on broken skin Functions: PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is the polyethylene glycol ether of the diester of natural Methylglucose and Oleic Acid. It is used in beauty products and cosmetics as a surfactant and emulsifier. It is used as a thickener in hair and skin care products. It is considered a non-irritant, and also has a specific property that allows it to reduce the irritation value of whole formulas (Source). The high molecular weight of this specific PEG makes it impenetratable to healthy skin; it is FDA and CIR approved for use, but not on broken skin. Despite the many fears regarding PEGs (including PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate), they are seen as an ingredient in a large number of products because of their diverse properties. In a study published in the Toxicology journal in 2005, entitled "Safety assessment on polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and their derivatives as used in cosmetic products," it was concluded that: "Taking into consideration all available information from related compounds, as well as the mode and mechanism of action, no safety concern with regard to these endpoints could be identified. Based on the available data it is therefore concluded that PEGs of a wide molecular weight range (200 to over 10,000), their ethers (laureths, ceteths, ceteareths, steareths, and oleths), and fatty acid esters (laurates, dilaurates, stearates, distearates) are safe for use in cosmetics." Safety Measures/Side Effects PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate: Benefits: •Very effective non-ionic, liquid thickener for various surfactant and emulsion systems •Due to its liquid form it is easily incorporated into a wide range of products •Excellent in cold processed formulations •Can be used for clear surfactant systems •Does not need to be neutralized with an alkali •Recommended for mild cleansing systems to reduce irritancy of surfactants Use: Use levels 0.5-3% depending on application and amount of thickening required. Note: at colder temperatures Glucose-D can solidify and become thick like a gel. For easier handling we recommend to put the bottle first into a water bath (about 50-60oC) for 10min. For external use only. Applications: Body washes, shampoos, face cleansers. Country of Origin: USA Raw material source: Rapeseed oil, ethylene oxide Manufacture: Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate and methyl gluceth-10 are produced from fatty acids and then reacted with ethylene oxide. Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is derived from corn, it is a thickening agent for mild cleansing systems, it also reduces the irritancy of surfactant packages. It is the polyethylene glycol ether of the diester of natural Methyl glucose and Oleic Acid. It is used in beauty products and cosmetics as a surfactant and emulsifier. It is used as a thickener in hair and skin care products. GlucamateTM DOE-120 thickener is an ethoxylated methyl glucose ether which has been esterified with oleic acid. It is an extremely effective nonionic thickener for hair care and skin care products. This product is recommended for use in shower gels, facial cleansers and shampoos. TYPICAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS NOTES : Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is a PEG ether of the diester of methyl glucose and oleic acid with avg. 120 moles of ethylene oxide Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate uses and applications include: Thickener, emulsifier, solubilizer for shampoos, cosmetics, topical pharmaceuticals; anti-irritant for surfactants CLASS : Surfactants FUNCTIONS : Surfactant, Emulsifier, Acid INDUSTRY : Cosmetic, Pharmaceutical APPEARANCE Pale yellow flake Yellow-brown viscous liquid FUNCTION : Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is an extremely effective nonionic thickener for hair care and skin care products. STORAGE : Store in a cool dry place. Store only with compatible chemicals. Keep tightly closed. USE: It is a kind of high-efficient thickener in shampoo, body wash, facial cleanser and baby cleanser Physical and Chemical Properties Polypropylene glycol-20 methyl glucose ether acetate is soluble in oils and organic solvents, but is essentially insoluble in water.2 A log Kow of 13.98 has been reported for d-glucopyranoside, methyl, 2,6-di-9-octadecenoate, (Z,Z)-(Chemical Abstracts Service Number 82933-91-3), another name for methyl glucose dioleate.3 A log Kow ≈ 7.09 has been reported for methyl glucose sesquistearate.4 Specifications for methyl glucoside-coconut oil ester (methyl glucose sesquicocoate) as a direct food additive are as follows5: acid number (10-20), hydroxyl number (200-300), pH (4.8-5.0, for 5% aqueous), and saponification number (178-190). Physical and chemical properties associated with methyl glucose polyether and ester trade name materials are included in Tables 3, 4, and 5.6 Studies on most of these trade name materials are included in the toxicology section of this article. Additionally, the chemical and physical properties of isostearic acid (esters with methyl α-d-glucoside [registered with the European Chemicals Industry, ECHA], defined as 80% methyl glucoside isostearate esters [mainly di-], 16% isostearic acid, and 4% methyl glucoside)7 are included in Table 6. Data on this mixture are also included in the toxicology section. Method of Manufacture Methyl glucoside (methyl α-d-glucopyranoside) forms the backbone of the methyl glucose polyethers and esters reviewed in this safety assessment. It is cyclic or "internal" full acetal that is formed from 1 mole of methanol and 1 mole of glucose. It has been characterized as an unusually stable glucoside that exists in discrete α or β forms.16 The pathways for methyl glucoside ester and polyether methyl glucoside synthesis starting from methyl glucoside are diagrammed in Figure 1.Manufacture of methyl glucoside esters, such as methyl glucose caprylate/caprate, methyl glucose dioleate, methyl glucose isostearate, methyl glucose laurate, methyl glucose sesquicaprylate/sesquicaprate, methyl glucose sesquicocoate, methyl glucose sesquiisostearate, methyl glucose sesquilaurate, methyl glucose sesquioleate, and methyl glucose sesquistearate, is typically achieved via transesterification of an appropriate fatty acid methyl ester (eg, methyl laurate to get methyl glucose laurate) with methyl glucoside (releasing methanol as a by-product).8-13 However, esterifications via a variety of other classical techniques, such as reacting the free fatty acids with methyl glucoside and a catalyst, are also known methods of manufacture for these ingredients.14,15 Under most conditions, the primary alcohol group at C6 of the methyl glucoside core is the most reactive to esterification and is the first site to be substituted. The polyether methyl glucosides, such as PPG-10 methyl glucose ether, PPG-20 methyl glucose ether, PPG-25 methyl glucose ether, methyl gluceth-10, and methyl gluceth-20, are typically manufactured by reaction of methyl glucoside with the required amount of the appropriate epoxide (eg, propylene oxide is used to produce PPG-10 methyl glucose; ethylene oxide is utilized to produce methyl gluceth-10).10 For those ingredients with both ester and polyether groups, such as Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG-20 methyl glucose distearate, PEG-80 methyl glucose laurate, PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquicaprylate/sesquicaprate, PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquilaurate, PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquistearate, PEG-120 methyl glucose triisostearate, PEG-120 methyl glucose trioleate, PPG-20 methyl glucose ether acetate, and PPG-20 methyl glucose ether distearate, these same methods are utilized, sequentially. An example would be PEG-80 methyl glucose laurate, which is produced in 2 steps: (1) esterification of methyl glucoside with methyl laurate, followed by (2) polyetherification with ethylene oxide. Use Cosmetic The methyl glucose polyethers reportedly function as skin and hair-conditioning agents, whereas, the methyl glucose esters reportedly function only as skin-conditioning agents in cosmetic products.1 Ingredients classified as both methyl glucose polyethers and esters based on their chemical structures function as skin-conditioning agents, surfactants, and viscosity-increasing agents in cosmetic products. According to the information supplied to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by industry as part of the Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program (VCRP) in 2013 (summarized in Table 7), methyl glucose dioleate, methyl glucose sesquioleate, methyl glucose sesquistearate, PPG-10 methyl glucose ether, PPG-20 methyl glucose ether, PPG-20 methyl glucose ether distearate, methyl gluceth-10, methyl gluceth-20, Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG-20 methyl glucose distearate, PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquistearate, and PEG-120 methyl glucose trioleate are being used in cosmetic products.17 A survey of ingredient use concentrations that was conducted by the Personal Care Products Council (Council) in 2013 (Table 7) indicates that the polyethers and esters are being used at concentrations up to 15% and 4%, respectively.18,19 The maximum use concentration was 15% for methyl gluceth-10 and methyl gluceth-20 used in rinse-off skin-cleansing products. For leave-on products, the 15% maximum use concentration was for methyl gluceth-10 used in face and neck creams, lotions, and powders (not sprays). The Council survey results also provided a use concentration for the newly reported VCRP use(s) of methyl glucose sesquistearate (1% maximum use concentration), but not PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquistearate, in lipsticks. Additionally, a maximum use concentration of 0.05% for PEG-20 methyl glucose distearate in lipsticks was reported in this survey. Uses of methyl glucose sesquistearate and PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquistearate, but not PEG-20 methyl glucose distearate, in lipsticks were also reported in FDA's VCRP. Cosmetic products containing methyl glucose polyethers and esters may be applied to the skin and hair, or, incidentally, may come in contact with the eyes and mucous membranes. Products containing these ingredients may be applied as frequently as several times per day and may come in contact with the skin or hair for variable periods following application. Daily or occasional use may extend over many years. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is the polyethylene glycol ether of the diester of natural Methylglucose and Oleic Acid. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is used in beauty products and cosmetics as a surfactant and emulsifier. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is used as a thickener in hair and skin care products. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is considered a non-irritant, and also has a specific property that allows PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) to reduce the irritation value of whole formulas (Source). The high molecular weight of this specific PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) impenetratable to healthy skin; PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is FDA and CIR approved for use, but not on broken skin PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) thickener is an ethoxylated methyl glucose ether which has been esterified with oleic acid. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is an extremely effective nonionic thickener for hair care and skin care products. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is recommended for use in shower gels, facial cleansers and shampoos. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is a very popular skin care ingredient and are used to dissolve oil and grease. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is used in skin care products as thickeners and stabalizers, and to PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) help dissolve oil on skin. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is an extremely effective non-ionic thickener for hair care and skin care products, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) recommended in shower gels, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) recommended in facial cleansers and PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) recommended in shampoos. Actives: 70-80%. Remaining part: water. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is viscous liquid, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) light yellow color. An LD50 of > 5 g/kg was also reported for PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) in a study involving rats (number and strain not stated). PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) Details relating to the test protocol were not stated. The ocular irritation potential of PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) was evaluated in the Draize test using 5 male or female New Zealand albino rabbits.37 The test substance (100 µl) was instilled into one eye of each animal. Instillation was followed by massaging for 30 seconds. Untreated eyes served as controls. Reactions were scored at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days post-instillation PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) , and maximum average Draize scores (MAS; range: 0 to 110) were determined. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) was classified as a slight irritant (maximum average Draize score = 8.8). An in vitro assay was conducted to determine if there was a correlation with the in vivo Draize test conducted on rabbits. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) Using sheep red blood cells, this in vitro assay assessed hemolysis and protein denaturation. The extent of hemolysis was determined spectrophotometrically. Assay results for PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) were as follows: effective concentration that caused 50% hemolysis (H50) = 1,125.56 µg/ml; denaturation index (DI) = 12.82%; H50/DI = 87.80. The Pearson and Spearman PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) correlation coefficients between the log H50/DI and the MAS were 0.752 and 0.705, respectively. Thus, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) was also classified as a slight irritant in the in vitro assay. The ocular irritation potential of 100% PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) was evaluated in the Draize test using rabbits (number and strain not stated).32 The test substance did not induce ocular irritation. In comparative irritation tests, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) (concentrations not stated) significantly reduced the ocular irritation induced by SLS and AOS in rabbits (number and strain not stated). The PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) abbreviated chemical names were not defined. The skin irritation potential of 100% The PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) (GlucamTM DOE-120 Thickener) was evaluated using rabbits (number and strain not stated).32 Details relating to the test protocol were not included. A primary irritation The PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) index of 0.45 (range: 0 to 8) was reported. % PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) was evaluated in an HRIPT (occlusive patches) involving 53 atopic volunteers. n the Ames plate incorporation test, the genotoxicity of PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) (in ethanol) was evaluated at doses up to 5000 µg/plate. It was concluded that PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) was not genotoxic in any of the bacterial strains tested, with or without metabolic activation. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is derived from corn, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is a thickening agent for mild cleansing systems, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) also reduces the irritancy of surfactant packages. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is the polyethylene glycol ether of the diester of natural Methyl glucose and Oleic Acid. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is used in beauty products and cosmetics as a surfactant and emulsifier. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is used as a thickener in hair and skin care products. Ingredients: PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) : PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is a naturally derived cleansing and thickening agent for shampoos and other cleansing products. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) also has good moisture retention properties which can help PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) improve the skin-feel of surfactant-based products. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is derived from corn and palm and then ethoxylated to make PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) wate soluble. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is usually a petrochemical process. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) Soluble in hot water. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) comes as flakes that will soften and dissolve into a water base but PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) can be quite slow at room temperature. The best procedure is to heat a little of your water to 50-60C and add the PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) , forming a fluid paste which can then be added into the rest of your formula for thickening. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) uses as a thickening and cleansing agent for shampoos and cleansing products. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is Polyethylene glycol ether of the diester of methyl glucose and oleic acid with an average of 120 moles of ethylene oxide. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) Surfactant/thickener/solubilizer/emulsifier mainly used in cosmetics and personal care products. For those ingredients with both ester and polyether groups, such as PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) , PEG-20 methyl glucose distearate, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) , PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquicaprylate/sesquicaprate, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquistearate, PEG-120 methyl glucose triisostearate, PEG-120 methyl glucose trioleate, PPG-20 methyl glucose ether acetate, and PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) these same methods are utilized, sequentially. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is a PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) ether of the diester of methyl glucose and oleic acid with avg. 120 moles of ethylene oxide PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) uses and applications include: PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is used as Thickener, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is used as emulsifier, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is used as solubilizer for shampoos, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is used in cosmetics, topical pharmaceuticals; anti-irritant for surfactants. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is commonly included in medications in the following forms. Cas no of PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is 86893-19-8. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) ; DOE 120 is an extremely effective nonionic thickener for hair care and skin care products, derives from natural methyl glucoside. And it has non-irritation for eyes, which ideally is applied for baby shampoos and face wash products. It is a good ingredient for low irritation formulation, based on its specific property梔istinctly reduce the irritation of whole formulation. Appearance of PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) Pale yellow flake liquid Odor of PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) Mild characteristic Acid value, mg/g of PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) 1MAX Hydroxyl value, mg/g of PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) 14-26 Saponification value, mg/g of PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) 14-26 Iodine value of PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) 5-15 pH,(5% aqueous solution) of PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) 4.5-8.0 PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) : PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is a polyethylene glycol ether of the diester of methylglucose and oleic acid with an average of 120 moles of ethylene oxide. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is used in skin care and hair care products as a surfactant and emulsifier. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is considered a non-irritant, and also has a specific property that allows PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) to reduce the irritation value of whole formulas. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is known to be a moderate hazard depending on use and warns of contamination and toxicity concerns. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) including products should not be used on broken or irritated skin as studies showed that patients suffering from severe burns treated with PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) based antimicrobial cream has resulted in kidney toxicity. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is also known to increase the incidences of uterine and breast cancers and of leukemia and brain cancer according to a study published in the PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) International Journal of Toxicology. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is FDA and CIR approved for use, but not on broken skin. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is a naturally derived cleansing and thickening agent for shampoos and other cleansing products. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) also has good moisture retention properties which can help PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) improve the skin-feel of surfactant-based products. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is a very popular skin care ingredient and are used to dissolve oil and grease. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is used in skin care products as thickeners and stabalizers, and to PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) help dissolve oil on skin. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is an extremely effective non-ionic thickener for hair care and skin care products, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) recommended in shower gels, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) recommended in facial cleansers and PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) recommended in shampoos. Actives: 70-80%. Remaining part: water. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is viscous liquid, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) light yellow color. An LD50 of > 5 g/kg was also reported for PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) in a study involving rats (number and strain not stated). PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) Details relating to the test protocol were not stated. The ocular irritation potential of PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) was evaluated in the Draize test using 5 male or female New Zealand albino rabbits.37 The test substance (100 µl) was instilled into one eye of each animal. Instillation was followed by massaging for 30 seconds. Untreated eyes served as controls. Reactions were scored at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days post-instillation PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) , and maximum average Draize scores (MAS; range: 0 to 110) were determined. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) was classified as a slight irritant (maximum average Draize score = 8.8). An in vitro assay was conducted to determine if there was a correlation with the in vivo Draize test conducted on rabbits. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) Using sheep red blood cells, this in vitro assay assessed hemolysis and protein denaturation. The extent of hemolysis was determined spectrophotometrically. Assay results for PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) were as follows: effective concentration that caused 50% hemolysis (H50) = 1,125.56 µg/ml; denaturation index (DI) = 12.82%; H50/DI = 87.80. The Pearson and Spearman PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) correlation coefficients between the log H50/DI and the MAS were 0.752 and 0.705, respectively. Thus, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) was also classified as a slight irritant in the in vitro assay. The ocular irritation potential of 100% PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) was evaluated in the Draize test using rabbits (number and strain not stated).32 The test substance did not induce ocular irritation. In comparative irritation tests, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) (concentrations not stated) significantly reduced the ocular irritation induced by SLS and AOS in rabbits (number and strain not stated). The PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) abbreviated chemical names were not defined. The skin irritation potential of 100% The PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) (GlucamTM DOE-120 Thickener) was evaluated using rabbits (number and strain not stated).32 Details relating to the test protocol were not included. A primary irritation The PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) index of 0.45 (range: 0 to 8) was reported. % PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) was evaluated in an HRIPT (occlusive patches) involving 53 atopic volunteers. n the Ames plate incorporation test, the genotoxicity of PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) (in ethanol) was evaluated at doses up to 5000 µg/plate. It was concluded that PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) was not genotoxic in any of the bacterial strains tested, with or without metabolic activation. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is the polyethylene glycol ether of the diester of natural Methyl glucose and Oleic Acid. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is used in beauty products and cosmetics as a surfactant and emulsifier. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE) is used as a thickener in hair and skin care products. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (P

PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is feeling quite soft and gentle after applying.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate has a slight emulsifying ability.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is pale yellow flake,with mild characteristic odor.


CAS Number: 86893-19-8
EC Number: 617-932-4
Chem/IUPAC Name: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-, ether with methyl d-glucopyranoside 2,6-bis[(z)-9-octadecenoate]
Molecular Formula: C45H81O10
Molecular Formula: (C2H4O)mult(C2H4O)multC43H78O



SYNONYMS:
Antil 120 Plus, Unitol 120 Plus, PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-hydro-w-hydroxy-, ether with methylD-glucopyranoside 2,6-di-9-octadecenoate (2:1), (Z,Z)-, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-, ether with methyl D-glucopyranoside 2,6-di-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate (2:1), Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-, ether with methyl D-glucopyranoside 2,6-di-9-octadecenoate (2:1), (Z,Z)-, PEG-120 methyl glucose dioleate, AEC PEG-120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE, ANTIL 120 PLUS, GLUCAMATE DOE-120 THICKENER, MACROGOL 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE, PEG 120 methyl glucose dioleate, PEG-120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE (II), POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (120) METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE, YM0K64F20V, AEC PEG-120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE, ANTIL 120 PLUS, GLUCAMATE DOE-120 THICKENER, MACROGOL 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE, PEG-120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE, PEG-120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE [II], PEG-120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE [VANDF], POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (120) METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE, Glucamate DOE 120, Antil 120, PEG 120 methyl glucose dioleate, Antil 120 Plus, Antil 127, Novethix HC 220, Novethix HC 220S, D-Glucopyranoside, methyl, 2,6-di-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate；D-Glucopyranoside, methyl, 2,6-di-9-octadecenoate, (Z,Z)-；D-Glucopyranoside methyl 2,6-dioleate, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-, ether with methyl D-glucopyranoside 2,6-di-9-octadecenoate (2:1), (Z,Z)-, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-, ether with methyl D-glucopyranoside 2,6-di-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate (2:1), Diethoxylated methyl glucopyranoside 2,6-dioleate, PEG-120 methyl glucose dioleate, Macrogol 120 methyl glucose dioleate, POE (120) methyl glucose dioleate



PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is a natural glucose derivative from corn with the following properties.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate has the ability to thicken when combined with many anionic and amphoteric surfactants, creating transparent gels.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is non-irritating to eyes, can be used in baby cleansers and shampoos.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate does not affect the foaming ability of the system
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is feeling quite soft and gentle after applying.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate has a slight emulsifying ability


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is very effective water retention properties that help prevent water loss from the skin
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is easy to introduce into products including cold process, no need to heat and no need to adjust the pH again.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is a naturally-derived, methyl glucose ether which has been esterified with oleic acid.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is a flaked solid, highly efficient viscosity builder designed for use with numerous anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactant systems popular in many shampoos, body washes, and liquid soaps.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is a PEG ether of the diester of methyl glucose and oleic acid with average 120 moles of ethylene oxide.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is pale yellow flake,with mild characteristic odor.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is the polyethylene glycol ether of the diester of natural Methylglucose and Oleic Acid.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is considered a non-irritant, and also has a specific property that allows it to reduce the irritation value of whole formulas.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is a polyethylene glycol ether of natural methyl glucose and oleic acid diester.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is a naturally derived cleansing and thickening agent.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate also has good moisture retention properties which can help it improve the skin-feel of surfactant-based products


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is the polyethylene glycol ether of the diester of oleic acid and methylglucose.
The 120 represents an average of 120 moles of ethylene oxide.
There is limited research on this ingredient, although PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is considered safe to use in skincare products.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is high-efficient thickener for rinse-off products, even for some surfactants which are hard to be thickening.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is en effective nonionic thickener for hair care and skin care products.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate has excellent mildness, it is high effective thickening agent in surfactant system.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate can decrease the irritation brought by surfactants, it won’t decrease the height of the foam.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is slightly soluble in water.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is stable under strong acid, strong alkaline condition, it is easy to hydrolyze, easily be oxidized.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is biodegradable.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is naturally derived product.
Moreover, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate in skin care has been shown to possess anti-aging properties, with the potential to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate can help to strengthen the skin's barrier function, protecting it from environmental stressors and preventing premature signs of aging.
Whether you're seeking to address specific skin concerns or simply wanting to enhance the overall health and appearance of your complexion, incorporating

PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate into your skin care routine can be a game-changing decision.
Discover the transformative power of this remarkable ingredient, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, and unlock the secret to beautiful, youthful-looking skin.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is a naturally derived cleansing and thickening agent for shampoos and other cleansing products.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate also has good moisture retention properties which can help it improve the skin-feel of surfactant-based products.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is derived from corn and palm and then ethoxylated to make it water soluble.
Ethoxylation is usually a petrochemical process.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is soluble in hot water.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate comes as flakes that will soften and dissolve into a water base but this can be quite slow at room temperature.
The best procedure is to heat a little of your water to 50-60C and add the PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, forming a fluid paste which can then be added into the rest of your formula for thickening.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is used in products: Shampoo, shower gel, facial cleanser and other cleaning products.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is non-irritating to the eyes, making it ideal for baby shampoos.
Applications of PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate: Facial Cleansers, Hand Soap, Intimate Cleansers, and Mild Cleansers.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate can be used in shampoos and cleansing products
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is used to improve texture and stability of a product.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is sugar based and helps thicken a product.


Once applied, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate also creates a thin film to trap moisture in.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate helps keep your skin hydrated.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is used Baby shampoo, cleanser, hand soap, mild shampoo, shower gel, makeup remover


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate uses and applications include: Thickener, emulsifier, solubilizer for shampoos, cosmetics, topical pharmaceuticals; anti-irritant for surfactants.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is used in beauty products and cosmetics as a surfactant and emulsifier.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is used as a thickener in hair and skin care products.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is used as a surfactant and emulsifier in beauty products and cosmetics.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is used as a thickening agent in hair and skin care products.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is considered non-irritating and also has specific properties that reduce the irritation value of the entire formula.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is used specialized for shampoo, shower gel, cleanser, baby cleaning products of high efficiency thickener
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is used Facial products, Facial care.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is an effective nonionic thickener for hair care and skin care products.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is majorly be used as emulsifier, thickener, plasticizer etc.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate has very good compatibility, it won’t decrease the foam of the surfactant system, it has good compatibility and thickening function using together with AOS, SLES, Sulfosuccinate and ampho-surfactant.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate has no jelly feeling, it have superior cooperativity.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate has very mild irritation to eye, test result shows the irritation to eye is zero, so it is ideal and perfect raw material of infant shampoo.


Besides, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate can remarkably decrease the irritation to eye of other surfactants.
Because of its thickening and irritation relieving function, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is suitable to be produce cleaning products.
The formula designer can adopt PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate to produce pourable product which can produce beautiful foams, and meanwhile you don’t worry the foam characteristics are changed.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is widely used for producing infant shampoo, facial cleaning cream, hand washing liquid, mild shampoo, body washing liquid, make up remover etc.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is a natural glucose derivative from corn, acting as high-efficient thickener in shampoo, body wash, facial cleanser and baby cleanser.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is especially applicable to some surfactants hardly to thicken.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate causes no irritation to eyes, meanwhile significantly reduces irritation of whole formula.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is the polyethylene glycol ether of the diester of natural Methylglucose and Oleic Acid.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate can reduce the irritation value of the entire formulation.
Its high molecular weight makes PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate impenetrable to healthy skin.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is available as a flaky solid or a liquid.


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is a remarkable ingredient that is making waves in the world of skin care, offering a multitude of benefits that can transform the way you approach your daily routine.
This versatile compound, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, has the power to nourish, hydrate, and protect your skin, making it an essential addition to any well-rounded skin care regimen.


From its ability to deeply hydrate and lock in moisture to its potential in reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is poised to become a game-changer in your skin care journey.
Recommendations: Use PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate between 2 - 6% in formulations


PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is used as a thickening and cleansing agent for shampoos and cleansing products.
One of the standout features of PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate in skin care is its exceptional moisturizing prowess.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate has the ability to penetrate deep into the skin, delivering long-lasting hydration and preventing the development of dryness and flakiness.


By maintaining optimal moisture levels, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate can help to improve the overall smoothness and suppleness of your complexion, leaving your skin feeling radiant and rejuvenated.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is used in cosmetics as a surfactant, thickener, and emulsifier.



PROPERTIES OF PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
*Superior ability to thicken many anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
*No irritation to eye, applicable in facial cleanser and baby shampoo.
*No effect on foamability.
*Impart quite soft and gentle after-feeling.



CHARACTERISTICS OF PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
Characteristics:
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate has good properties of emulsifying, dispersing, solubilization etc.
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is compatible to skin, feel comfortable.



INDUSTRY OF PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
*Cosmetic ,
*Pharmaceutical



FUNCTIONS OF PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
*Surfactant ,
*Emulsifier ,
*Acid



CHARACTERISTICS OF PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate also provides the following characteristics to formulations:
*Nonionic surfactant based
*PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate reduces irritation associated with surfactants
*PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate does not reduce foam height
*Very light feel
*PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate provides gelling and moisture
*Especially suitable for children and hand washing products
*PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is a kind of mild non-ionic thickening agent, it can reduce formula irritation.



BENEFITS OF PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
*Soothing,
*anti-inflammatory,
*Moisturizing, hydrating,
*Blurring, soft focus, pore minimising



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
*Broad compatibility with various surfactant systems
*PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate enables formulations that are easy to pour and have aesthetically-pleasing foaming properties without the worry of changing foam characteristics
*PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate enables very mild formulations and reduces irritation associated with certain surfactants for application around the eyes
*Highly efficient thickener of surfactant system formulations
*Naturally derived
*Very light feel



PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE MARKET OVERVIEW:
The PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate Market size is expected to develop revenue and exponential market growth at a remarkable CAGR during the forecast period from 2023–2030.

The growth of the market can be attributed to the increasing demand for PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate owning to the Personal Care, Cosmetics Applications across the global level.

The report provides insights regarding the lucrative opportunities in the PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate Market at the country level.
The report also includes a precise cost, segments, trends, region, and commercial development of the major key players globally for the projected period.

The PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate Market report represents gathered information about a market within an industry or various industries.
The PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate Market report includes analysis in terms of both quantitative and qualitative data with a forecast period of the report extending from 2023 to 2030.



BENEFIT OF PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is used as an emulsifier to help oil and water mix easily



PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE INSTRUCTIONS:
1.Under mild heating and moderate stirring conditions, add PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate to the system until completely dissolved, and then add other materials.

2.Mix A with water at a ratio of 1: 5-10, heat to dissolve, and then add the dissolved surfactant.



PERFORMANCE OF PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
1. PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is very efficient, has a very good thickening effect on a variety of anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants.

2.PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate has no irritation to eyes and is very suitable for cleansing products and baby shampoos.
At the same time, PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate can significantly reduce the irritation of eyes by other surfactants.

3.PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate does not affect the foam characteristics of the surfactant.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
Boiling Point: >200°C
Solubility: Soluble in water
Appearance: Yellowish or white Flake
Odor:Mild, characteristic
Saponification value(mgKOH/g):14-26
Hydroxyl value(mgKOH/g):14-26
Acid value(mgKOH/g):≤1.0
pH (10%solution, 25℃):4.5-7.5
Iodine value (g/100g):5-15

Appearance: Yellowish to white slice (Slice form)
Pale yellow flake (Flake form)
Odor: Characteristic scent (Slice form)
Mild characteristic (Flake form)
PH value (10% Aqueous solution): 4.5-7.5 (Both forms)
Iodine value (g/100g): 5.0-15.0 (Both forms)
Saponification value (mg/g): 14.0-26.0 (Both forms)
Hydroxyl value (mg/g): 14.0-26.0 (Both forms)
Acid value (mgKOH/g): ≤1.0 (Slice form) / 1 max (Flake form)



FIRST AID MEASURES of PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

PEG 150 Distearate is polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid.
PEG 150 Distearate is in the form of solid, white to off-white waxy flakes and used as a thickener, emulsifier, solubilizer in cosmetics and personal care products.
Typical concentration: 0.5-50%.

CAS: 9005-08-7
MF: C19H40O4
MW: 332.5185

Distearate ester of polyglycol.
PEG-150 Distearate is a polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid.
HLB 18.9 (gives oil-in-water emulsions).
Appears slightly cloudy in water, but clear in surfactant-containing solutions.
Effective thickener for surfactant-containing products (e.g. shampoo, conditioner, shower gels).
Solubilizer for various water-insoluble ingredients.
Has good co-emulsifying properties in creams & lotions.

PEG 150 Distearate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 35-37 °C
Fp: >230 °F
Odor: at 100.00?%. mild waxy
LogP: 5.997 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 9005-08-7
EPA Substance Registry System: PEG 150 Distearate (9005-08-7)

A soft, off-white solid.
PH of 10% dispersion 7.26, saponification number variable.
Soluble in chlorinated solvents, light esters, and acetone; slightly soluble in alcohols, insoluble in glycols, hydrocarbons, and vegetable oils.
PEG 150 Distearate typically is supplied as solid, white to off-white waxy flakes that melt at approximately 52–57°C.
Potential impurities in the raw material can include: unreacted stearic acid or methyl stearate; monofunctional PEG 150 Distearate; unreacted PEG-150; (trans)esterification catalyst residues; trace organic peroxides that result from oxidation of PEG; and 1,4-dioxane, a by-product of ethylene oxide poly-merization to produce PEG-150 diol.
PEG-150 distearate is water-soluble; however, it must be heated above its melting point to achieve effective dissolution and its solubility is tremendously enhanced in the presence of other surfactants.

Uses
PEG 150 Distearate is used as an emulsifier for personal care and water treatment and as a processing aid in textile industry.

Pharmaceutical Applications
PEG 150 Distearate is generally used as emulsifiers in oil-inwater- type creams and lotions.
PEG 150 Distearate's hydrophilicity or lipophilicity depends on the number of ethylene oxide units present: the larger the number, the greater the hydrophilic properties.
PEG 150 Distearate has been used as an emulsifying agent in intravenous infusions.
PEG 150 Distearate is particularly useful as emulsifying agents when astringent salts or other strong electrolytes are present.
PEG 150 Distearate can also be blended with other surfactants to obtain any hydrophilic–lipophilic balance for lotions or ointment formulations.

Production Methods
PEG 150 Distearate is prepared by the direct reaction of fatty acids, particularly stearic acid, with ethylene oxide.

Synonyms
PEG-150 Distearate
6F36Q0I0AC
ETHOX P-6000 DS
PEG-150 DISTEARATE (II)
POLYOXYL 150 DISTEARATE
UNIPEG-6000 DS
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DISTEARATE
DGD
Polyethyleneglycol3distearate
polyethyleneglycoldistearate#1000
polyglycoldistearate
s1009;s1013
stabogel

DESCRIPTION:
PEG-150 Distearate is polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid.
PEG-150 Distearate is in the form of solid, white to off-white waxy flakes and used as a thickener, emulsifier, solubilizer in cosmetics and personal care products.
Typical concentration of PEG-150 Distearate is 0.5-50%.

CAS Number: 9005-08-7
Chem/IUPAC Name: Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),. alpha. -(1-oxooctadecyl)-. omega. -[(1-oxooctadecyl)oxy]-


PEG-150 Distearate is a polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid. HLB 18.9 (gives oil-in-water emulsions).
PEG-150 Distearate Appears slightly cloudy in water, but clear in surfactant-containing solutions.
PEG-150 Distearate is Effective thickener for surfactant-containing products (e.g. shampoo, conditioner, shower gels).

PEG-150 Distearate is Solubilizer for various water-insoluble ingredients.
PEG-150 Distearate Has good co-emulsifying properties in creams & lotions.
PEG-150 Distearate is a polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid.

PEG-150 Distearate has garnered appreciation for its widespread use in personal care products, cosmetics, paints, and dyes.
PEG-150 Distearate is produced by the esterification of stearic acid which is derived from palm kernel oil or other vegetable oils.


The PEG Distearate ingredients (PEG-2 Distearate, PEG-3 Distearate, PEG-4 Distearate, PEG-6 Distearate, PEG-8 Distearate, PEG-9 Distearate, PEG-12 Distearate, PEG-20 Distearat, PEG-32 Distearate, PEG-75 Distearate, PEG-120 Distearate, PEG-150 Distearate, PEG-175 Distearate) range from liquids to solids or flakes.
In cosmetics and personal care products, PEG Distearate ingredients are used in the formulation of shampoos, hair conditioners, personal cleanliness products, bath products, and skin care and skin cleansing products.

PEG-150 Distearate is an ester made from the reaction of vegetable-derived triple-pressed grade stearic acid and a defined high molecular weight polyethylene glycol.
PEG-150 Distearate is commonly used to thicken mild, amphoteric-containing surfactant systems, such as baby shampoos, baby baths, facial scrubs, facial cleansers, body washes, body scrubs and shaving foams.
PEG-150 Distearate is a Polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid.
Characteristic odor, slightly cloudy in water, clear in surfactant-containing solutions.

PEG-150 Distearate is an ester made from the reaction of vegetable-derived triple-pressed grade stearic acid.
In addition PEG-150 Distearate is a defined high molecular weight polyethylene glycol.
PEG-150 Distearate is commonly used to thicken mild, amphoteric-containing surfactant systems, such as baby shampoos, baby baths, facial scrubs, facial cleansers, body washes, body scrubs and shaving foams.


USES OF PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
PEG-150 Distearate is used mainly as a thickener in products like shampoos, conditioners, shower gels, face washes, hand washes, shaving creams, baby-care products etc.
Skin care: PEG-150 Distearate is used as an emulsifier in creams and lotions
Hair care: PEG-150 Distearate is used as an anti-static agent in conditioners

PEG-150 Distearate is used to thicken products like shampoos, conditioners, shower gels, hand washes, shaving creams, etc.
PEG-150 Distearate is an excellent emulsifier and is usually added to creams and lotions.
PEG-150 Distearate mixes well with water and oil and enables them to clean dirt and grime from the surface.

PEG-150 Distearate forms a film on the hair and reduces static and is therefore used in conditioners.
When added to paints and dyes, it thickens their consistency and emulsifies them.

PEG-150 Distearate is a cosmetic chemical used in cleansing products, personal care products, etc. Gincol PEGDS6 with a chemical name PEG-150 Distearate acts as an emollient as well as a viscosity modifier.
The properties of PEG-150 Distearate include being an effective emulsifier and thickening agent for surfactant-containing hair care products such as shampoos, and shower gels.

Its usage can also be seen in other cosmetic applications such as baby bath products, conditioners, body creams, and lotions.

HOW IT WORKS
PEG-150 Distearate works by acting as a solubilizer for water-insoluble ingredients.
PEG-150 Distearate reduces the surface tension of the substances and helps form emulsions.

CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY-
PEG-150 Distearate is used at a concentration of 0.5% to 5% of the formulation.
PEG-150 Distearate is soluble in water and ethanol and is insoluble in vegetable and mineral oil.

HOW TO USE
Heat it with other surfactants at 60oC and melt PEG-150 Distearate completely.
Mix this blend into the water phase at 35oC and stir.
Add oil phase and adjust the pH.





Origin:
PEG-150 Distearate is produced by the esterification of stearic acid which is derived from palm kernel oil or other vegetable oils.

WHAT DOES PEG-150 DISTEARATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
• Emulsifying
• Viscosity controlling


BENEFITS OF PEG-150 DISTEARATE:
PEG-150 Distearate, since has water-loving PEG and Oil-loving stearic acid, can be used as an emulsifier and thickening agent.
PEG is relatively a bulky molecule, plus it has various chemical groups attached that can attract and hold water molecules together.
So in a formulation, PEG-150 Distearate can increase thickness because of this swelling of the molecule.

Also, as a thickener, PEG-150 Distearate stabilizes the product and enhances its overall performance on the skin.
Moreover, PEG-150 Distearate also acts as an emulsifier, which gives stability to the product and prevents the oil and water-based components of the product from getting separated.
PEG-150 Distearate also functions as a surfactant and forms the base of many cleansing products.

PEG-150 Distearate mixes with water and oil present on the skin with the dirt.
The dirt gets rinsed off easily from the skin water.
PEG-150 Distearate is used in shampoos, conditioners, bath products, and other personal care products.








CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PEG-150 DISTEARATE:

Boiling Point 492-497°C
Melting Point 52-57°C
Hydroxyl Value 5 max.
Solubility Soluble in water and ethanol
Insoluble in mineral and vegetable oil
Saponification Value: 165-175 mgKOH/g
INCI
PEG-150 distearate
Appearance
White flake
Usage rate
Heat to 60°C (140°F) when incorporating into formulas. Typical use level 0.5 - 5% (even at low levels there is a thickening effect). For external use only.
Applications Shampoo, conditioner, shower gels, baby shampoo, bubble bath, creams, lotions & other emulsions.
Scent Nothing much
Solubility: Soluble in water
Why do we use it in formulations?:
Effective thickener for surfactant-containing products (e.g. shampoo, conditioner, shower gels),
Benefits:
Effective thickener for surfactant-containing products (e.g. shampoo, conditioner, shower gels)
Solubilizer for various water-insoluble ingredients
Has good co-emulsifying properties in creams & lotions
Chemical Name/INCI Name PEG 150 Distearate
Nature of Emollient Conditioner & Emollient
Active Level Min 98%
Uses
Usage 1% to 2%
Skin care- face care and cosmetics
Body care
Hair care
Special Feature Viscosity Modifier and Emollient
Use: For adding viscosity (thickener) to liquid soap. face wash cleanser shampoo
Mixing method: mix in water or in the detergent part Reheat them to melt. and stir to combine
Usage rate: 1-5% (according to the desired viscosity, 1-3% recommended)
Product characteristics: White-light granular powder
Solubility: can be dissolved in water with heat
Storage: can be stored at room temperature but close the lid of the bottle tightly and protected from sunlight, humidity or heat, the product has a shelf life of at least 2 years
INCI Name : PEG-150 Distearate



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product







SYNONYMS OF PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
PEG-150 Distearate
6F36Q0I0AC
ETHOX P-6000 DS
PEG-150 DISTEARATE (II)
POLYOXYL 150 DISTEARATE
UNIPEG-6000 DS

PEG-150 Distearate is a polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid.
PEG-150 distearate is a cleansing agent.
PEG 150 Distearate is a white-light granular powder.
PEG 150 Distearate's Solubility can be dissolved in water with heat.


CAS Number: 9005-08-7
Molecular Formula-C19H40O4
Chemical Function: Thickener


PEG 150 Distearate has garnered appreciation for its widespread use in personal care products, cosmetics, paints, and dyes.
PEG 150 Distearate is produced by the esterification of stearic acid which is derived from palm kernel oil or other vegetable oils.
PEG 150 Distearate works by acting as a solubilizer for water-insoluble ingredients.
PEG 150 Distearatereduces the surface tension of the substances and helps form emulsions.


PEG 150 Distearate is soluble in water and ethanol and is insoluble in vegetable and mineral oil.
Mixing method of PEG 150 Distearate: mix in water or in the detergent part reheat them to melt and stir to combine
PEG 150 Distearate is the Polyethylene GlycolDiester of Stearic Acid
PEG 150 Distearate is white flake, characteristic odor, slightly cloudy in water, clear in surfactant-containing solutions.


PEG 150 Distearate is an ester made from the reaction of vegetable-derived triple-pressed grade stearic acid and a defined high molecular weight polyethylene glycol.
PEG-150 Distearate is a polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid.
PEG 150 Distearate is a water-soluble nonionic surfactant and thickener which is ideally suited to add a soft, silky after-feel to skin cleansing products.


PEG 150 Distearate is defined as the polyethylene glycol (PEG) diester of stearic acid, wherein the PEG has an average degree of polymerization of 150 oxyethylene repeat units corresponding to an average molecular weight (MW) of 6,600 g/mol.
The overall average MW of PEG 150 Distearate is 7,170 g/mol—sufficiently high enough to categorize the ingredient as a low MW polymer.
PEG 150 Distearate is a telechelic polymer, i.e., it is functionalized with a hydrophobic stearate ester on both the α and ω ends of the hydrophilic PEG chain so that both ends of the polymer exhibit surface and interfacial activity.


Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Distearates are produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid, which occurs in animal fats and
oils.
PEG Distearates are manufactured by reacting stearic acid with a specific number of units of ethylene oxide which corresponds to the average PEG chain length desired.


When associated to etoxilated fatty alcohols PEG 150 Distearate shows a special synergy that allows that alkanol amides be partially or totally substituted.
PEG 150 Distearate should be added under agitation to the water of formulation – total or part of the water – at 70-80°C.
In cold processing, PEG 150 Distearate must be previously dissolved before incorporate it to the formulation.
It is better elaborate an aqueous solution at 10% and heat this solution until 70-80°C or PEG 150 Distearate can be solubilized in the amide associated to an amphoteric, heating to 65-75°C.


After this step, the cold processing can continue.
PEG 150 Distearate is an ester made from the reaction of vegetable-derived triple-pressed grade stearic acid.
In addition PEG 150 Distearate is a defined high molecular weight polyethylene glycol.
PEG-150 Distearate is a Polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid.


PEG 150 Distearate is a white flake, a characteristic odor, slightly cloudy in water, and clear in surfactant-containing solutions.
PEG 150 Distearate is soluble in water.
PEG 150 Distearate is an effective thickener for surfactant-containing products (e.g. shampoo, conditioner, shower gels), a solubilizer for various water-insoluble ingredients, and has good co-emulsifying properties in creams & lotions.


Use PEG 150 Distearate heated to 60°C (140°F) when incorporated into formulas.
PEG 150 Distearate is a polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid. PEG 150 Distearate's HLB is 18.9 (gives oil-in-water emulsions).
PEG 150 Distearate appears slightly cloudy in water, but clear in surfactant-containing solutions.
PEG 150 Distearate is produced by the esterification of stearic acid which is derived from palm kernel oil or other vegetable oils.


PEG 150 Distearate is Polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid.
PEG 150 Distearate appears slightly cloudy in water, but clear in surfactant-containing solutions.
PEG-150 Distearate is a polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid.
PEG-150 Distearate is polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid.


PEG 150 Distearate is general emulsifier.
PEG 150 Distearate is hydrophilic ester type surfactant with excellent emulsification.
PEG 150 Distearate is an emulsifier for creams and lotions, especially for systems containing high concentrations of electrolytes.
PEG 150 Distearate is not considered to be an irritant or sensitizer, and is CIR and FDA approved for use, but not on broken skin.


The PEG Distearate ingredients (PEG-2 Distearate, PEG-3 Distearate, PEG-4 Distearate, PEG-6 Distearate, PEG-8 Distearate, PEG-9 Distearate, PEG-12 Distearate, PEG-20 Distearat, PEG-32 Distearate, PEG-75 Distearate, PEG-120 Distearate, PEG-150 Distearate, PEG-175 Distearate) range from liquids to solids or flakes.


In cosmetics and personal care products, PEG Distearate ingredients are used in the formulation of shampoos, hair conditioners, personal cleanliness products, bath products, and skin care and skin cleansing products.
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Distearates are produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid, which occurs in animal fats and oils.
PEG Distearates are manufactured by reacting stearic acid with a specific number of units of ethylene oxide which corresponds to the average PEG chain length desired.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
PEG 150 Distearate Applications: Baby Care, Bath & Shower, Skin Care, Skin Cleansing.
PEG 150 Distearate is an emulsifier and potent thickener for surfactant systems.
PEG 150 Distearate is used at a concentration of 0.5% to 5% of the formulation.
PEG 150 Distearate is a solubilizer for various water-soluble ingredients.


PEG 150 Distearate also has good co-emulsifying properties in creams and lotions.
PEG 150 Distearate has been developed in recent years and has good viscosity and emulsifying properties in different types of products such as shampoos, lotions, hair conditioners, handwashing liquids, moisturizers and etc.


Ethoxylated esters have wide variety of applications including dissolvent, providing lipids needed for skin, moisturizers in cosmetic formulations such as facewash detergents, cosmetic cleansers and etc.
PEG-150 Distearate or Polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid is an effective thickener for surfactant-containing products (e.g. shampoo, conditioner, shower gels), solubilizer for various water-insoluble ingredients, and it has good co-emulsifying properties in creams & lotions.


PEG 150 Distearate is used in shampoo, conditioner, shower gels, baby shampoo, bubble bath, creams, lotions & other emulsions.
PEG 150 Distearate is a cosmetic chemical used in cleansing products, personal care products, etc.
PEG 150 Distearate acts as an emollient as well as a viscosity modifier.


The properties of PEG 150 Distearateinclude being an effective emulsifier and thickening agent for surfactant-containing hair care products such as shampoos, and shower gels.
PEG 150 Distearate's usage can also be seen in other cosmetic applications such as baby bath products, conditioners, body creams, and lotions.
PEG 150 Distearate acts as an effective emulsifier and thickening agent for surfactant-containing hair care products such as shampoo and shower gels.


PEG 150 Distearate is used in combination with other products to make cosmetics, make up, beauty and personal care products.
Cosmetic Grade PEG 150 Stearate is used as a raw material for your cosmetic brand or DIY use to make products such as facial mask, face and body scrubs, lotions, creams, moisturizers, serums, body butters, hair and skin care and bath products, pressed powders, liquid foundation, mascara, deodorant soap, shampoo making and many more beauty and make up products


PEG-150 Distearate is used as thickener for formulas with specific detergents (liquid soaps face wash Cleanser, Shampoo, Conditioner)
PEG 150 Distearate is used for adding viscosity (thickener) to liquid soap face wash cleanser shampoo.
PEG 150 Distearate is used in beauty products and cosmetics as an emulsifier and thickening agent.
Applications of PEG 150 Distearate: Facial cleanser, shower gel, shampoo, cream, lotion and other personal care products.


PEG 150 Distearate is used in beauty products and cosmetics as an emulsifier and thickening agent.
PEG 150 Distearate is most often seen as an ingredient in shampoo and other hair products.
PEG 150 Distearate is effective thickener for surfactant-containing products (e.g. shampoo, conditioner, shower gels), solubilizer for various water-insoluble ingredients, good co-emulsifying properties in creams & lotions.


PEG 150 Distearate acts as an effective emulsifier and thickening agent for surfactant-containing hair care products such as shampoo, shower gels.
PEG 150 Distearate is also used in other cosmetics applications such as baby bath, conditioner, creams and lotions.
PEG 150 Distearate is commonly used to thicken mild, amphoteric-containing surfactant systems, such as baby shampoos, baby baths, facial scrubs, facial cleansers, body washes, body scrubs and shaving foams.


PEG 150 Distearate acts as an effective emulsifier and thickening agent for surfactant-containing hair care products.
PEG-150 Distearate is a polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid. PEG 150 Distearate has the effect of thickening, thickening products containing cleaning agents such as transparent shampoos and shower gels.
PEG 150 Distearate is polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid, white flakes, characteristic odor, soluble in water when heated.


The mixture is slightly turbid initially when mixed in water, or in a solution containing surfactants.
PEG 150 Distearate is particularly effective for the thickening of clear, mild, amphoteric-containing surfactant systems, such as shampoos, body washes, bubble baths, baby baths, vapor baths and shower gels.
PEG 150 Distearate can also be used to thicken facial scrubs, facial cleansers, body scrubs and shaving foams, and finds application in color cosmetics as an auxiliary emulsifer (HLB ~18.4).


The typical use level of PEG 150 Distearate is 2 – 4%.
PEG 150 Distearate is a refatting agent which could lower irritation for skin and can improve the feeling of dry and tight on skin.
On the hair conditioning, PEG 150 Distearate can provide softer feel and prevent dry hair, and reduce the electrostatic effect inter hair.
PEG 150 Distearate can provide good consistency and stability for use in bath preparations such as shampoo and shower as well as emulsion in cosmetic.


PEG 150 Distearate is in the O / W lotion and cream products also as a basis oil and fragrance solubilizers and co-emulsifiers.
PEG 150 Distearate is commonly used to thicken mild, amphoteric-containing surfactant systems, such as baby shampoos, baby baths, facial scrubs, facial cleansers, body washes, body scrubs and shaving foams.


Applications of PEG 150 Distearate: Shampoo, conditioner, shower gels, baby shampoo, bubble bath, creams, lotions & other emulsions.
PEG 150 Distearate is an efficient thickening agent for shampoos, body washes or foam baths.
Even at low levels, PEG 150 Distearate results in a high viscosity modifying effect.
PEG 150 Distearate is used in formulations which are difficult to thicken.


PEG 150 Distearate acts as an emulsifying agent (o/w) and thickener (aqueous).
PEG 150 Distearate is an ester made from the reaction of vegetable-derived triple-pressed grade stearic acid and a defined high molecular weight polyethylene glycol.
PEG 150 Distearate is commonly used to thicken mild, amphoteric-containing surfactant systems, such as baby shampoos, baby baths, facial scrubs, facial cleansers, body washes, body scrubs, shaving foams, liquid handsoaps, shower gels/body washes and color cosmetics.


PEG 150 Distearate is an effective thickener for surfactant-containing products (e.g. shampoo, conditioner, shower gels).
PEG 150 Distearate is a solubilizer for various water-insoluble ingredients.
PEG 150 Distearate has good co-emulsifying properties in creams & lotions.
PEG 150 Distearate is used as substrates or lubricants and softeners in the textile and cosmetics industry.


PEG 150 Distearate is used as dispersant in the paint industry.
PEG 150 Distearate improves the water dispersibility and flexibility of the resin, and the dosage is 20~30%.
PEG 150 Distearate can improve the solubility of dyes and reduce their volatility, especially suitable for wax paper and ink pad ink, and can also be used for ballpoint pen ink to adjust the viscosity of ink.


PEG-150 Distearate is polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid. It is in the form of solid, white to off-white waxy flakes and used as a thickener, emulsifier, solubilizer in cosmetics and personal care products.
PEG 150 Distearate is used mainly as a thickener in products like shampoos, conditioners, shower gels, face washes, hand washes, shaving creams, baby-care products etc.


Skin care: PEG 150 Distearate is used as an emulsifier in creams and lotions
Hair care: PEG 150 Distearate is used as an anti-static agent in conditioners
Industry Primarily Used: Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals, Inks & Coatings
PEG 150 Distearate is Hydrophilic emulsifier, and thickener.


PEG 150 Distearate is a surfactant with a high HLB (18.9).
PEG 150 Distearate is mainly used to create oil-in-water type emulsions and acts as a thickener.
PEG 150 Distearate has the effect of thickening, thickening products containing cleaning agents such as transparent shampoos and shower gels.


PEG 150 Distearate is used as dispersant in rubber industry to promote vulcanization and as dispersant of carbon black filler.
PEG 150 Distearate has a thickening effect, thickening products containing cleaning agents such as shampoos, transparent shower gels.
PEG 150 Distearate is used in beauty products and cosmetics as a surfactant and cleansing agent, and is sometimes seen as a thickening agent as well.


PEG 150 Distearate is used for its emulsifying and thickening properties in surfactant-containing hair care products such as shampoo and also shower gels.
PEG 150 Distearate is even used in other cosmetics applications such as, conditioner, creams and lotions.
In cosmetics and personal care products, PEG 150 Distearate is used in the formulation of shampoos, hair conditioners, personal cleanliness products, bath products, and skin care and skin cleansing products.


PEG 150 Distearate forms a film on the hair and reduces static and is therefore used in conditioners.
When added to paints and dyes, PEG 150 Distearate thickens their consistency and emulsifies them.
PEG 150 Distearate is also an effective thickener for transparent shampoos and personal washing preparations.
PEG 150 Distearate is used as an emulsifier for pharmaceuticals, a Thickening agent for cosmetics, an Additive for paints, Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization.


-Applications of PEG 150 Distearate:
*Shampoo, conditioner, shower gels, baby shampoo, bubble bath, creams, lotions & other emulsions.
*GSP certificate MakingCosmetics
*Organic certificate MakingCosmetics
*ICMAD membership
*Organic Trade Association membership
*ASQ Membership


-Cosmetic Uses of PEG 150 Distearate:
*surfactants
*surfactant - emulsifying
*viscosity controlling agents


-Suggested Uses of PEG 150 Distearate:
*Shampoos
*Conditioners
*Shower gels
*Baby shampoo
*Bubble bath
*Creams
*Lotions
*Other emulsions


-Applications of PEG 150 Distearate:
• Baby products such as baby shampoos
• After shave formulations
• Body washes
• Creams and lotions
• Liquid hand soaps
• “Intimate” hygiene products
• AP/DEO roll-on



BENEFITS OF PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
*Effective thickener for surfactant-containing products (e.g. shampoo, conditioner, shower gels)
*Solubilizer for various water-insoluble ingredients
*Has good co-emulsifying properties in creams & lotions



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
• Very efficient at viscosity building
• Compatible in high surfactant systems
• Salt tolerant
• Stable in acidic media
• Replacement for inorganic salts and fatty acid amines
• Excellent choice for sulfosuccinic acid ester formulations
• Soluble in glycols and surfactants
• Non-ionic
• Exhibits clear formulations
• Offers a lipid-like feel
• Imparts softening and substantive effect
• Effective over a broad pH range, from 4 to 9
• No neutralization required
• Thickener of choice for non-irritating formulations
• Helps improves foam volume and texture



WHAT DOES PEG 150 DISTEARATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emulsifying
*Viscosity controlling



FUNCTIONS OF PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
1. Cleanser (Cosmetics) - Improves the cleansing properties of water
2. Emulsifier - Allows water and oils to remain mixed together to form an emulsion.
3. Surfactant - Reduces the surface tension to allow mixtures to be formed evenly.
Emulsifier is a specific type of surfactant which allows two liquids to mix together evenly
4. Effective thickener in sufactant based products.
5. Emulsifying properties in emulsion products.
6. Emulsifying agent:
Promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
7. Surfactant:
Reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product during use
8. Viscosity control agent:
Increases or decreases the viscosity of cosmetics



BENEFITS AND USES OF PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
*PEG 150 Distearate is used to thicken products like shampoos, conditioners, shower gels, hand washes, shaving creams, etc.
*PEG 150 Distearate is an excellent emulsifier and is usually added to creams and lotions.
*PEG 150 Distearate mixes well with water and oil and enables them to clean dirt and grime from the surface.
*PEG 150 Distearate forms a film on the hair and reduces static and is therefore used in conditioners.
*When added to paints and dyes, PEG 150 Distearate thickens their consistency and emulsifies them.



BENEFITS / APPLICATIONS OF PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
*PEG 150 Distearate is a high molecular weight distearate of
polyethyleneglycol that provides excellent properties of thickening
to formulations based on surfactants agents.
*PEG 150 Distearate is a differentiated thickener with excellent suavity.
*PEG 150 Distearate can be used in many cosmetic formulations, such as shampoos for adults, for children, foam bath, liquid soaps, etc.
*PEG 150 Distearate is a versatile product that can be used as the unique thickening agent or even associated to alkanolamides, etoxilated fatty alcohols, and betaines.
*Due to the ethylene oxide groups in its molecule, PEG 150 Distearate acts improving the viscosity of surfactants usually used in soft formulations.
Therefore, surfactants such as sorbitan monolaurate, sulfosuccinates, and betaines have its thickener profile improved.



WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF PEG 150 DISTEARATE IN HANDMADE SHOWER GEL / SHAMPOO RECIPES?
- Emulsifying aid for skin care products
- Thickener for cleaning products such as shower gel, clear shampoo



HOW TO USE PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
- Add PEG 150 Distearate to the phase containing surfactant/water
- Heat the upper beaker for PEG 150 Distearate to melt, stir well to form a gel.
PEG 150 Distearate is cloudy after stirring, let the product stand for 12-24 hours.
PEG 150 Distearate after stabilizing the foam will be transparent.



WHAT IS PEG 150 DISTEARATE USED FOR?
PEG-150 distearate is a polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid.
PEG 150 Distearate acts as an effective emulsifier and thickening agent for surfactant-containing hair care products such as shampoo, shower gels.
PEG 150 Distearate is also used in other cosmetics applications such as baby bath, conditioner, creams and lotions.



HOW PEG 150 DISTEARATE IS CLASSIFIED:
*Texture Enhancer



PROPERTIES OF PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
PEG-150 distearate typically is supplied as solid, white to off-white waxy flakes that melt at approximately 52–57°C.
Potential impurities in the raw material can include: unreacted stearic acid or methyl stearate; monofunctional PEG 150 Distearate; unreacted PEG 150 Distearate; (trans)esterification catalyst residues; trace organic peroxides that result from oxidation of PEG; and 1,4-dioxane, a by-product of ethylene oxide poly-merization to produce PEG-150 diol.
PEG 150 Distearate distearate is water-soluble; however, it must be heated above its melting point to achieve effective dissolution and its solubility is tremendously enhanced in the presence of other surfactants.



PEG DIESTERS TYPICALLY ARE PRODUCED BY ONE OF THREE ROUTES:
1) ethoxylation of fatty acids, 2) direct esterification of PEG with fatty acids to produce water as a by-product, or 3) transesterification of fatty acid esters with PEG to produce alcohols as byproducts.
In the case of PEG-150 distearate, only Routes 2 and 3 are desirable since Route 1 leads to mixtures of mono- and difunctional PEG esters and unmodified PEG
Critical commodity feedstocks for the production of PEG-150 distearate are ethylene oxide, derived from ethylene, which is used to produce the PEG-150; and stearic acid for direct esterification, or methyl stearate for transesterification.



TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS OF PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
PEG 150 Distearate is mainly used as a micellar thickening agent for surfactant-based cleansers, especially shampoos, shower gels and face washes.
Although the exact mechanism of rheology modification by PEG 150 Distearate in surfactant solutions is not fully elucidated, it generally is accepted that PEG 150 Distearate would function similarly to other low MW telechelic hydrophobically modified polymers.

Such molecules incorporate into surfactant micelles, where they can:
increase the hydrodynamic size and viscous drag of micelles in solution by extension of hydrated PEG chains into the aqueous phase;
increase the micellar radius of curvature to promote wormlike micelle formation—due to incorporation of the bulky C18 stearate hydrophobes into the micellar core and shielding of electrostatic head group repulsions between ionic surfactants by the nonionic PEG chains; and physically crosslink micelles via intermicellar bridging.

Individually or in combination, each of these mechanisms typically leads to increases in the bulk viscosity of surfactant solutions.
Besides an increase in bulk viscosity, PEG 150 Distearate may impart other rheological effects; for example, intermicellar physical crosslinking can dramatically increase the storage modulus, i.e. elasticity, of a micellar surfactant solution.
An important specification for PEG 150 Distearate is the saponification value, a measure of the degree of esterification of the PEG ester, which is reported in mg KOH/g PEG ester.

For PEG 150 Distearate, a higher saponification value generally indicates a higher level of disubstituted PEG chains in the material, which corresponds to higher thickening efficiency.
PEG 150 Distearate has an HLB value of about 18, thus the ingredient can also be used as a nonionic emulsifier for o/w systems.
In addition, the use of PEG 150 Distearate in color cosmetics, hair conditioner and shaving preparations has been reported in the literature.

Finally, to overcome the need for the hot processing of formulas containing PEG 150 Distearate to achieve effective dissolution, as previously described, raw material suppliers also provide the ingredient in concentrated aqueous blends with common anionic, amphoteric, and/or nonionic surfactants such as sodium trideceth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine and PEG-80 sorbitan laurate.
Such blends simplify formulating by premixing ingredients that are commonly employed together, e.g., the amphoteric and nonionic surfactants used in baby shampoos, and enabling ambient temperature processing.



WHY IS PEG 150 DISTEARATE USED IN COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS?
PEG Distearate ingredients clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away.
They also help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified and help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent in which they would not normally dissolve.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
Boiling Point: 492-497°C
Melting Point: 52-57°C
Hydroxyl Value: 5 max.
Solubility: Soluble in water and ethanol
Insoluble in mineral and vegetable oil
Saponification Value: 165-175 mgKOH/g
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 495.30 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 513.00 °F. TCC ( 267.40 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 5.997 (est)
Typical use levels: 1–5 %
Ionic nature: Non-ionic
Appearance: White ivory chips
Melting point: 54–57°C
Acid Value (mg KOH/g): Max 6
Viscosity: Brookfield @ 20°C, solubilised viscosity
at 1.6% ai (Spindle 2 @ 20 rpm, 1 min) 1000–1600 cPs



FIRST AID MEASURES of PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water.
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
-Extinguishing media:
--Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
--Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PEG 150 DISTEARATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Polyethylene Glycol Distearate, Polyglycol Disearate ,
PEG 6000
Rewopa PEG 6000 DS
PEG-150 Distearate
Lipopeg 6000-DS
Triethylene Glycol Distearate
Triethylene Glycol Distearate
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(1-oxooctadecyl)-.omega.-[(1-oxooctadecyl)oxy]-
Macrogol 6000
Polyethylenglycol 6000
Polyethylenglykol 6000 Distearat
Polyoxyethylen(150)
Polyoxyethylen(150)distearat
PEG-150 Distearate
PEG-3 Distearate
PEG-32 Distearate
PEG-6 Distearate
PEG-75 Distearate
Polyethylene glycol (3) distearate
Polyethylene glycol 1540 distearate
Polyethylene glycol 300 distearate
Polyethylene glycol 4000 distearate
Polyethylene glycol 600 distearate
Polyethylene glycol 6000 distearate
Polyoxyethylene (12) distearate
Polyoxyethylene (150) distearate
Polyoxyethylene (3) distearate
Polyoxyethylene (32) distearate
Polyoxyethylene (6) distearate
Polyoxyethylene (75) distearate
Triglycol distearate
Carbowax 1000 distearate
Emerest 2642
Lipal 15-DS
Nonex 80
PEG 1540 distearate
Polyethylene glycol 400 (di) stearate
Polyethylene glycol 600 (di) stearate
Polyethylene glycol distearate
Polyglycol distearate
S 1009
S 1013
Stabogel
Stearic acid, polyethylene glycol diester
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(1-oxooctadecyl)-omega-((1-oxooctadecyl)oxy)-
Polyethylene glycol distearate #1000
Polyoxyethylene distearate
Lipopeg 4-DS
PEG-8 Distearate
poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(1-oxooctadecyl)-.omega.-[(1-oxooctadecyl)oxy]- (150 mol EO average molar ratio)
Polyethylene Glycol Distearate
Polyglycol Disearate

PEG 1500 Properties of PEG 1500 Related Categories Essential Chemicals, Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and PEG Solutions, Research Essentials Less... form solution mol wt of PEG 1500 Mr ~1500 packaging of PEG 1500 pkg of 10 × 4 mL mfr. no. Roche shipped in wet ice storage temp. 2-8°C SMILES string C(CO)O Show More (10) Description of PEG 1500 General description of PEG 1500 Poly(ethylene glycol) ( PEG 1500) is a non-ionic hydrophilic polymer and is available in different molecular weights. It helps in the purification and crystal growth of proteins and nucleic acids. PEG and dextran together result in aqueous polymer two phase system, which is required for the purification of biological materials. PEG also interacts with cell membrane, thereby allowing cell fusion.[4][5] Application of PEG 1500 Polyethylene Glycol 1500 (PEG 1500) has been used to mediate cell fusion.[1][2][3] Physical form of PEG 1500 Solution, filtered through 0.2 μm pore size membrane, 50% PEG 1500 (w/v) in 75 mM Hepes (pH 8.0), bottled under nitrogen, ready to use Other Notes of PEG 1500 For life science research only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Product name : Polyglycol PEG 1500 Grade of PEG 1500 : Extra pure Synonym of PEG 1500 : Polyglycol, Polyethylene oxide, Polyoxy ethylene, PEG 1500 Formula of PEG 1500 : HO(C₂H₄O)nH Description of PEG 1500 Cas no of PEG 1500 : 25322-68-3 EC no. of PEG 1500 : 500-038-2 Product Description of PEG 1500 Application field of PEG 1500: Pharmacology and Cosmetics production (as base for creams, toothpastes and lipsticks) Detergent & Household goods production (as soap bars glue, soluble agent in detergent pastes, fixing agent for odors in soaps and detergents, as additive in general cleaners, polishers, air fresheners, automatic dishwashing detergents) Production of textile supporting substances (component of dispergators and protective solutions) Rubber goods production (non adhesive agent for forms treatment) Metal works industry (agent for cleaning and polishing pastes, lubricating & cooling liquids). Polyethylene glycol PEG 1500 Polyethylene glycol (PEG; /ˌpɒliˈɛθəlˌiːn ˈɡlaɪˌkɒl, -ˌkɔːl/) is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG 1500 is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG 1500 is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.[3] Uses of PEG 1500 Medical uses Main articles: Macrogol and PEGylation PEG is the basis of a number of laxatives.[4] Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy. PEG 1500 is also used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products. When attached to various protein medications, polyethylene glycol allows a slowed clearance of the carried protein from the blood.[5] The possibility that PEG could be used to fuse axons is being explored by researchers studying peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury.[4] An example of PEG hydrogels (see "Biological uses" section) in a therapeutic has been theorized by Ma et al. They propose using the hydrogel to address periodontitis (gum disease) by encapsulating stem cells in the gel that promote healing in the gums.[6] The gel and encapsulated stem cells was to be injected to the site of disease and crosslinked to create the microenvironment required for the stem cells to function. A PEGylated lipid is used as an excipient in both the Moderna and Pfizer–BioNTech vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Both RNA vaccines consist of Messenger RNA, or mRNA, encased in a bubble of oily molecules called lipids. Proprietary lipid technology is used for each. In both vaccines, the bubbles are coated with a stabilizing molecule of polyethylene glycol.[medical citation needed] As of December 2020 there is some concern that PEG could trigger allergic reaction,[7] and in fact allergic reactions are the driver for both the UK and Canadian regulators to issue an advisory, noting that: two individuals "individuals in the U.K... were treated and have recovered" from anaphylactic shock.[8][9] As of 18 December, the US CDC stated that in their jurisdiction six cases of "severe allergic reaction" had been recorded from more than 250,000 vaccinations, and of those six only one person had a "history of vaccination reactions".[10] Chemical uses The remains of the 16th century carrack Mary Rose undergoing conservation treatment with PEG in the 1980s Terra cotta warrior, showing traces of original color Because PEG is a hydrophilic molecule, it has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies.[11] Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.[12] The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments.[13] Since PEG is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures (on the order of tens of atmospheres). It also is unlikely to have specific interactions with biological chemicals. These properties make PEG one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemistry and biomembranes experiments, in particular when using the osmotic stress technique. Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers. PEG has also been used to preserve objects that have been salvaged from underwater, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm,[14] and similar cases. It replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.[4] In addition, PEG is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.[15] PEG has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terracotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China.[16] These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang (first emperor of China) era. Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xi'an air. The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes. The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a PEG preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers.[17] PEG is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning. PEG 1500 derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants. PEG 1500 has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to create some polymersomes.[18] PEG 1500 has also been used as a propellent on the UGM-133M Trident II Missile, in service with the United States Air Force.[19] Biological uses of PEG 1500 PEG can be modified and crosslinked into a hydrogel and used to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment for cell encapsulation and studies.[20][21] An example study was done using PEG-Diacrylate hydrogels to recreate vascular environments with the encapsulation of endothelial cells and macrophages. This model furthered vascular disease modeling and isolated macrophage phenotype's effect on blood vessels.[22] PEG is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions.[11] PEG is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization. X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins. PEG is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas. César Milstein and Georges J. F. Köhler originated this technique, which they used for antibody production, winning a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984.[4] Polymer segments derived from PEG polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions. In microbiology, PEG precipitation is used to concentrate viruses. PEG is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro. Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) can be PEG-coated to shield them from inactivation by the immune system and to de-target them from organs where they may build up and have a toxic effect.[23] The size of the PEG polymer has been shown to be important, with larger polymers achieving the best immune protection. PEG is a component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) used to package siRNA for use in vivo.[24][25] In blood banking, PEG is used as a potentiator to enhance detection of antigens and antibodies.[4][26] When working with phenol in a laboratory situation, PEG 300 can be used on phenol skin burns to deactivate any residual phenol (some references are required). In biophysics, polyethylene glycols are the molecules of choice for the functioning ion channels diameter studies, because in aqueous solutions they have a spherical shape and can block ion channel conductance.[27][28] Commercial uses PEG is the basis of many skin creams (as cetomacrogol) and personal lubricants (frequently combined with glycerin). PEG is used in a number of toothpastes[4] as a dispersant. In this application, it binds water and helps keep xanthan gum uniformly distributed throughout the toothpaste. PEG is also under investigation for use in body armor, and in tattoos to monitor diabetes.[29][30] In low-molecular-weight formulations (e.g. PEG 400), it is used in Hewlett-Packard designjet printers as an ink solvent and lubricant for the print heads. PEG is also used as an anti-foaming agent in food and drinks[31] – its INS number is 1521[32] or E1521 in the EU.[33] Industrial uses A nitrate ester-plasticized polyethylene glycol (NEPE-75) is used in Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missile solid rocket fuel.[34] Dimethyl ethers of PEG are the key ingredient of Selexol, a solvent used by coal-burning, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the gas waste stream. PEG has been used as the gate insulator in an electric double-layer transistor to induce superconductivity in an insulator.[35] PEG is also used as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes. Although not yet in commercial production, many groups around the globe are engaged in research on solid polymer electrolytes involving PEG, with the aim of improving their properties, and in permitting their use in batteries, electro-chromic display systems, and other products in the future. PEG is injected into industrial processes to reduce foaming in separation equipment. PEG is used as a binder in the preparation of technical ceramics.[36] Recreational uses PEG is used to extend the size and durability of very large soap bubbles. PEG is the main ingredient in many personal lubricants. (Not to be confused with propylene glycol.) Health effects PEG is considered biologically inert and safe by the FDA. However, a growing body of evidence shows the existence of a detectable level of anti-PEG antibodies in approximately 72% of the population, never treated with PEGylated drugs, based on plasma samples from 1990–1999.[37] The FDA has been asked to investigate the possible effects of PEG in laxatives for children. Since 1999, the FDA has received over 1,000 incident reports from parents reporting serious or life threatening side effects after their children were given one or more doses of PEG as an osmotic laxative.[38] Miralax has not been tested on children. PEG is not recommended to those under 18. Due to its ubiquity in a multitude of products and the large percentage of the population with antibodies to PEG, hypersensitive reactions to PEG are an increasing concern.[39][40] Allergy to PEG is usually discovered after a person has been diagnosed with an allergy to an increasing number of seemingly unrelated products, including processed foods, cosmetics, drugs, and other substances that contain PEG or were manufactured with PEG.[39] When PEG is chemically attached to therapeutic molecules (such as protein drugs or nanoparticles), it can sometimes be antigenic (a molecule which stimulates an immune response), stimulating an anti-PEG antibody response in some patients. This effect has only been shown for a few of the many available PEGylated therapeutics, but it has significant effects on clinical outcomes of affected patients.[41] Other than these few instances where patients have anti-PEG immune responses, it is generally considered to be a safe component of drug formulations.[medical citation needed] Available forms and nomenclature PEG, PEO, and POE refer to an oligomer or polymer of ethylene oxide. The three names are chemically synonymous, but historically PEG is preferred in the biomedical field, whereas PEO is more prevalent in the field of polymer chemistry. Because different applications require different polymer chain lengths, PEG has tended to refer to oligomers and polymers with a molecular mass below 20,000 g/mol, PEO to polymers with a molecular mass above 20,000 g/mol, and POE to a polymer of any molecular mass.[42] PEGs are prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide and are commercially available over a wide range of molecular weights from 300 g/mol to 10,000,000 g/mol.[43] PEG and PEO are liquids or low-melting solids, depending on their molecular weights. While PEG and PEO with different molecular weights find use in different applications, and have different physical properties (e.g. viscosity) due to chain length effects, their chemical properties are nearly identical. Different forms of PEG are also available, depending on the initiator used for the polymerization process – the most common initiator is a monofunctional methyl ether PEG, or methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), abbreviated mPEG. Lower-molecular-weight PEGs are also available as purer oligomers, referred to as monodisperse, uniform, or discrete. Very high-purity PEG has recently been shown to be crystalline, allowing determination of a crystal structure by x-ray crystallography.[43] Since purification and separation of pure oligomers is difficult, the price for this type of quality is often 10–1000 fold that of polydisperse PEG. PEGs are also available with different geometries. Branched PEGs have three to ten PEG chains emanating from a central core group. Star PEGs have 10 to 100 PEG chains emanating from a central core group. Comb PEGs have multiple PEG chains normally grafted onto a polymer backbone. The numbers that are often included in the names of PEGs indicate their average molecular weights (e.g. a PEG with n = 9 would have an average molecular weight of approximately 400 daltons, and would be labeled PEG 400.) Most PEGs include molecules with a distribution of molecular weights (i.e. they are polydisperse). The size distribution can be characterized statistically by its weight average molecular weight (Mw) and its number average molecular weight (Mn), the ratio of which is called the polydispersity index (ĐM). Mw and Mn can be measured by mass spectrometry. PEGylation is the act of covalently coupling a PEG structure to another larger molecule, for example, a therapeutic protein, which is then referred to as a PEGylated protein. PEGylated interferon alfa-2a or −2b are commonly used injectable treatments for hepatitis C infection. PEG is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, benzene, and dichloromethane, and is insoluble in diethyl ether and hexane. It is coupled to hydrophobic molecules to produce non-ionic surfactants.[44] PEGs potentially contain toxic impurities, such as ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane.[45] Ethylene Glycol and its ethers are nephrotoxic if applied to damaged skin.[46] Polyethylene oxide (PEO, Mw 4 kDa) nanometric crystallites (4 nm) PEG and related polymers (PEG phospholipid constructs) are often sonicated when used in biomedical applications. However, as reported by Murali et al., PEG is very sensitive to sonolytic degradation and PEG degradation products can be toxic to mammalian cells. It is, thus, imperative to assess potential PEG degradation to ensure that the final material does not contain undocumented contaminants that can introduce artifacts into experimental results.[47] PEGs and methoxypolyethylene glycols are manufactured by Dow Chemical under the trade name Carbowax for industrial use, and Carbowax Sentry for food and pharmaceutical use. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid, depending on the molecular weight, as indicated by a number following the name. They are used commercially in numerous applications, including foods, in cosmetics, in pharmaceutics, in biomedicine, as dispersing agents, as solvents, in ointments, in suppository bases, as tablet excipients, and as laxatives. Some specific groups are lauromacrogols, nonoxynols, octoxynols, and poloxamers. Macrogol, MiraLax, GoLytely, Colace used as a laxative, is a form of polyethylene glycol. The name may be followed by a number which represents the average molecular weight (e.g. macrogol 3350, macrogol 4000 or macrogol 6000). Production Polyethylene glycol 400, pharmaceutical quality Polyethylene glycol 4000, pharmaceutical quality The production of polyethylene glycol was first reported in 1859. Both A. V. Lourenço and Charles Adolphe Wurtz independently isolated products that were polyethylene glycols.[48] Polyethylene glycol is produced by the interaction of ethylene oxide with water, ethylene glycol, or ethylene glycol oligomers.[49] The reaction is catalyzed by acidic or basic catalysts. Ethylene glycol and its oligomers are preferable as a starting material instead of water, because they allow the creation of polymers with a low polydispersity (narrow molecular weight distribution). Polymer chain length depends on the ratio of reactants. HOCH2CH2OH + n(CH2CH2O) → HO(CH2CH2O)n+1H Depending on the catalyst type, the mechanism of polymerization can be cationic or anionic. The anionic mechanism is preferable because it allows one to obtain PEG with a low polydispersity. Polymerization of ethylene oxide is an exothermic process. Overheating or contaminating ethylene oxide with catalysts such as alkalis or metal oxides can lead to runaway polymerization, which can end in an explosion after a few hours. Polyethylene oxide, or high-molecular weight polyethylene glycol, is synthesized by suspension polymerization. It is necessary to hold the growing polymer chain in solution in the course of the polycondensation process. The reaction is catalyzed by magnesium-, aluminium-, or calcium-organoelement compounds. To prevent coagulation of polymer chains from solution, chelating additives such as dimethylglyoxime are used. Alkaline catalysts such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) are used to prepare low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol.

SYNONYMS polyglycol monostearate;Oxyethylenated stearyl alcohol; POE monostearate; POE monostearate ether; Polyoxyethylene monostearyl ether; Poly(oxyethylene) monostearate; Polyethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether; CAS NO:25322-68-3

DESCRIPTION:
PEG 20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER is a polyethylene glycol ether of the mono anddiesters of methyl glucose and stearic acid with an average of 20 moles of ethylene oxide.

A mild, water-loving emulsifier that's safe for sensitive skin or eye-care formulations.
PEG 20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER helps to create low viscosity oil-in-water emulsions, ideal for milks, serums, and sprayable formulations.

CAS Number: 68389-70-8
European Community (EC) Number 615-727-4
Chem/IUPAC Name: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-, ether with methyl .beta.-d-glucopyranoside (4:1), octadecanoate (2:3) (20 mol EO average molar ratio)
Molecular Formula C27H54O9



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PEG 20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER:
Molecular Weight 522.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 9
Rotatable Bond Count 21
Exact Mass 522.37678330
Monoisotopic Mass 522.37678330
Topological Polar Surface Area 146 Ų
Heavy Atom Count 36
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 478
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes

It's derived from natural sources and gives a light, satiny after feel

USE & BENEFITS OF PEG 20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER :
PEG 20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER is used for its emulsifying properties in cosmetic products.
As an emulsifier, PEG 20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER gives stability to the product and prevents the oil and water-based components of the product from getting separated.
Since molecules dissolving in water can take up the PEG part and oil dissolving molecules will get attached to the stearate part.

So, PEG 20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER reduces a chance of inter-reaction of various ingredients and gives noticeable stability to the product.
PEG 20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER also functions as a thickener by attracting water molecules and gives a sort of ‘swollen’ appearance to its molecule.
PEG 20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER enhances its overall performance of the product on the skin or hair surface.

A watery or less thick formulation may not feel appealing to customer and it may not show promising performance as well.
PEG 20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER is used in formulations of creams, lotions, gels, shampoos, and other skincare products.




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT PEG 20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.





SYNONYMS OF PEG 20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER
Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
72175-39-4
PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquistearate
18-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxyoxan-3-yl]oxyoctadecanoic acid;ethanol
UNII-0345752X7U
DTXSID60992896
0345752X7U
Methyl 4-O-(17-carboxyheptadecyl)hexopyranoside--ethanol (1/1)

PEG-200, polyethylene glycol (200-600) , CAS : 25322-68-3. Synonymes : polyethylene glycol (200-600);PEG;Polymère d'oxyéthylène;Poly(oxy-1,2-éthynediyl), alpha-hydro-oméga-hydroxy;Oxyethylene polymer.N° CAS : 25322-68-3. Origine(s) : Synthétique.Nom INCI : PEG-200. Additif alimentaire : E1521. Classification : PEG/PPG, Composé éthoxylé, Glycol, Polymère de synthèse. Ses fonctions (INCI). Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances

Peg 200 stearate is the polyethylene glycol ester of stearic acid.
Peg 200 stearate is a nonionic mild fatty acid ester used primarily as a surfactant.
Peg 200 stearate also imparts better spreading characteristics to creams and lotions and can be used as an emulsifier, lubricating agent and dispersant.

CAS Number: 9004-99-3
Molecular Formula: C34H70O9
Molecular Weight: 622.91
EINECS Number: 618-405-1

Peg-200 stearate, N93S2IJC6C,MYRJ(TM) 53,MYRJ(TM) 59,MYRJ 58,MYRJ 59,MYRJ(R) 53,MYRJ(TM) 45,MYRJ 45,PEG 200 STEARATE

Peg 200 stearate is a mixture of the monoand diesters of stearic acid and mixed polyoxyethylene diols having an average polymer length of 7.5 oxyethylene units.
Peg 200 stearate is a polymer with the chemical formula HO(CH2CH2O)nH. Its properties vary according to its molecular weight, from a colourless and odourless viscous liquid to a waxy solid.
Peg 200 stearate is a liquid at room temperature with a molecular weight of 200 to 600, and gradually becomes a semi-solid with a molecular weight above 600, with different properties depending on the average molecular weight.

From colourless and odourless viscous liquids to waxy solids.
As the molecular weight increases, its hygroscopic capacity decreases accordingly.
Peg 200 stearate is soluble in water, ethanol and many other organic solvents.

Peg 200 stearate has a low vapour pressure and is stable to heat, acids and bases.
Peg 200 stearate does not interact with many chemicals. It has good hygroscopicity, lubricity and bonding properties.
Peg 200 stearate is white granular.

Soluble in water, soluble in some organic solvents.
Peg 200 stearate is solution has high viscosity at low concentration, and can be processed by calendering, extrusion, casting, etc.
Peg 200 stearate is a thermoplastic resin with good compatibility with other resins.

Peg 200 stearate is resistant to bacterial erosion and has weak hygroscopicity in the atmosphere.
Peg 200 stearate is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative of stearic acid.
Peg 200 stearates are a family of compounds that are formed by polymerizing ethylene oxide, and they are often used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries as emollients, emulsifiers, and solubilizing agents.

Peg 200 stearate is a saturated fatty acid found in various animal and vegetable fats.
When combined with polyethylene glycol to form PEG-200 Stearate, it serves as an emulsifying agent.
Emulsifiers help stabilize and maintain the consistency of mixtures containing both water and oil components.

In cosmetics, Peg 200 stearate may be used in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to improve texture, stability, and the overall performance of the formulation.
Peg 200 stearate is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine.
Peg 200 stearate is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight.

The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.
Peg 200 stearate serve as consistency enhancers in lipsticks and creams as well as humectants.
They are well tolerated by the skin and are not microbiologically sensitive, so that in general it is not necessary to add any preservatives.

Peg 200 stearates are poly condensation products of ethylene glycol, or polymerisation products of ethylene oxide.
The number added to the name refers to the mean number of ethylene oxide units in the Peg 200 stearate.
The consistency of the PEG derivatives is increasingly solid with a growing degree of polymerisation.

Peg 200 stearates with a mean molar mass of up to 600 g/mol are liquid, up to 1,000 g/mol wax-like and from 4,000 g/mol solid wax-like substances.
By mixing solid and liquid components, products of a creamy consistency are obtained which are used as water-free and water rinse-off bases.
With growing molar mass water solubility and hygroscopicity (ability to absorb moisture) of the polyethylene glycols decrease.

Peg 200 stearates and their derivates are preferentially used in cosmetic products since they have a broad spectrum of viscosity and solubility properties and have a very good skin tolerance.
As water soluble, non-greasy substances polyethylene glycols are suitable for many cosmetic purposes.
The liquid Peg 200 stearates serve, eg, as glycerol substitute in facial, shaving and hair lotions, as solubilisers and solvents.

Having immense market shares in the market, fulfill the wide requirements of patrons by providing top quality Peg 200 stearate Mono And Di Stearates. The offered product is processed using quality tested compounds with the help of latest methodology under the observation of deft professionals.
Provided product is used an emulsifier and water treatment industry viscosity controllers and processing aid in textile industry.
Apart from this, the offered Peg 200 stearate can be availed from us at competitive prices by our valuable clients.

Peg 200 stearate Market size is expected to develop revenue and exponential market growth at a remarkable CAGR during the forecast period from 2023–2030.
The growth of the market can be attributed to the increasing demand for Peg 200 stearate owning to the Cosmetic, Skin Care Products, Hair Care Products, Other Applications across the global level.
The report provides insights regarding the lucrative opportunities in the Peg 200 stearate at the country level.

The report also includes a precise cost, segments, trends, region, and commercial development of the major key players globally for the projected period.
Peg 200 stearate report represents gathered information about a market within an industry or various industries. The PEG-200 Glyceryl Stearate Market report includes analysis in terms of both quantitative and qualitative data with a forecast period of the report extending from 2023 to 2030.
The report is prepared to take into consideration various factors such as Product pricing, Product or services penetration at both country and regional levels, Country GDP, market dynamics of parent market & child markets, End application industries, major players, consumer buying behavior, economic, political, social scenarios of countries, many others.

The report is divided into various segments to offer a detailed analysis of the market from every possible aspect of the market.
The overall report focuses on primary sections such as – market segments, market outlook, competitive landscape, and company profiles.
The segments provide details in terms of various perspectives such as end-use industry, product or service type, and any other relevant segmentation as per the market’s current scenario which includes various aspects to perform further marketing activity.

The market outlook section gives a detailed analysis of market evolution, growth drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges, Porter’s 5 Force’s Framework, macroeconomic analysis, value chain analysis and pricing analysis that directly shape the market at present and over the forecasted period.
The drivers and restraints cover the internal factors of the market whereas opportunities and challenges are the external factors that are affecting the market.
The market outlook section also gives an indication of the trends influencing new business development and investment opportunities.

Peg 200 stearate is listed as particularly applicable for hand and body lotions and creams.
Peg 200 stearate is an emulsifier.
Peg 200 stearate is part of a family of PEG-stearate compounds, with the number indicating the average molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol chain.

In this case, Peg 200 stearate has a polyethylene glycol chain with an average molecular weight of 200.
The stearate portion of the molecule is derived from stearic acid, a long-chain fatty acid.
Peg 200 stearate is primary function is as an emulsifying agent, helping to stabilize and blend water and oil-based ingredients in formulations.

This is particularly important in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products where a consistent texture and appearance are desired.
Peg 200 stearate can contribute to the smoothness and spreadability of a product.
Peg 200 stearate helps improve the overall sensory experience of applying creams and lotions.

Due to its emulsifying properties, products containing Peg 200 stearate may enhance hydration by combining water and oil components effectively.
This is beneficial for moisturizing and hydrating formulations.
Peg 200 stearate is often compatible with a wide range of cosmetic and personal care ingredients, making it versatile for use in various formulations.

Peg 200 stearate can also be found in some cleansing products, contributing to the formulation's ability to remove dirt and oil from the skin.
Peg 200 stearate is an emulsifier and antifoaming agent used in processed foods, fruit jellies, and sauces.
Peg 200 stearate has been used in a study to assess the phase behaviors of special hot microemulsion to produce drug-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers.

Peg 200 stearate has also been used in a study to investigate its effects on multidrug resistance.
Peg 200 stearate compounds are produced through a process called ethoxylation, which involves reacting ethylene oxide with a precursor compound.
The extent of ethoxylation determines the length of the Peg 200 stearate chain.

Manufacturers take steps to ensure that ethoxylation is carried out under controlled conditions to produce safe and effective ingredients.
Peg 200 stearate is used globally in a wide range of personal care and cosmetic products.
Peg 200 stearate is acceptance and use are driven by its functional properties and its ability to enhance the performance of various formulations.

Peg 200 stearate is used in cosmetics and beauty products primarily as a surfactant and emulsifier.
Peg 200 stearate occurs naturally as a white, waxy or flaky substance.
Peg 200 stearate is an emulsifier.

Melting point: 47 °C
Flash point: 39 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
Water Solubility: Soluble in water
solubility: Chloroform (Slighty), Methanol (Slightly)
form: powder to lump
color: White to Almost white
Odor: at 100.00?%. mild fatty
Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB): 18.8
LogP: 7.629 (est)

Peg 200 stearate, like other PEG derivatives, has a specific HLB value.
This value determines the balance between its hydrophilic (water-attracting) and lipophilic (oil-attracting) properties.
The Peg 200 stearate value is crucial for formulators when selecting emulsifiers to achieve the desired characteristics in a product.

In formulations, Peg 200 stearate is sometimes used in combination with other emulsifiers to optimize stability and achieve specific texture and performance goals.
Blending different emulsifiers allows formulators to fine-tune the properties of a product.
Peg 200 stearate Stearate can contribute to the viscosity or thickness of a product.

This can be advantageous in creating creams and lotions with a desirable consistency for easy application and spreadability.
In some formulations, Peg 200 stearate may play a role in enhancing the absorption or penetration of other active ingredients into the skin.
This property is important in skincare products where effective delivery of active compounds is desired.

During the manufacturing process, attention is given to controlling the molecular weight and purity of Peg 200 stearate to meet quality standards.
This includes measures to minimize impurities that could potentially be present, such as 1,4-dioxane.
Peg 200 stearates enables a significant reduction of the active surfactant level in standard cleansing formulations.

In addition, the extraordinary efficiency and high flexibility of Peg 200 stearate facilitate the thickening of challenging surfactant systems, such as sulfate-free formulas, effectively supporting the trend for milder cleansing in personal care.
The 100% active, preservative-free solid is clearly soluble in water and processable at room temperature.
Peg 200 stearate is a non-ionic surfactant, which is permitted for use as the E number food additive E431.

Peg 200 stearate is a mixture of polyethylene glycol esters.
Peg 200 stearate is compatible with lipophilic compounds due to a higher free fatty acid content.
Suggested applications: cosmetic formulations, lubricants.

Peg 200 stearate is a high molecular weight, high HLB surface active agent suggested for use in cosmetic formulations (emulsifier, viscosity modifier) and in lubricants (emulsifier).
The larger the surfactantn of Peg 200 stearate is a neutral, the lower the saponification value (mgKOH/g) and the larger the HLB value.
The pH of 1% aqueous solution is between 5.0 and 7.5, in which n≤ 8 is diffusive in water and has good flexibility and lubricity.

Peg 200 stearate can be used as a softener for fiber processing and has good antistatic and lubricity.
Peg 200 stearate is use softener during fabric weaving to reduce breakage and improve fabric feel.
As an emulsifier in cosmetics, the general dosage is 1-3%.

Peg 200 stearate can also be used as a co-emulsifier for the emulsification of paraffin wax.
Peg 200 stearate is used as emulsifier in lubricating oil production.
When 9 ≤n≤ 11, Peg 200 stearate diffuses in water and has good emulsification and cleaning efficiency.

Peg 200 stearate is used as emulsifier in cosmetics, ointment, paste shoe polish and other products, and has thickening effect.
In the textile industry, emulsifiers and oils used in synthetic fiber finishing are flexible and antistatic.
Peg 200 stearate is used as thickener and stabilizer in paper starch coating.

Lubricant used for multiplex transmission wires in cable ducts.
When 12 ≤ n≤ 25, Peg 200 stearate is soluble in a variety of solvents such as ethanol, and the water is dispersed, which is stable to a variety of electrolytes and has good emulsification, softness and antistatic properties.
Peg 200 stearate is used as softener and antistatic agent in textile industry, emulsifier and solubilizer in cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical industry, and can also be used for emulsification of cardboard, construction board and waterproof wax. 40 ≤n≤ 100, soluble in water, ethanol, carbon tetrachloride, etc., with good emulsification, wetting, complexation and thickening properties.

As an emulsifier, solubilizer, ointment matrix in the pharmaceutical industry, as an emulsifier and detergent in the cosmetics industry, as a softener and antistatic agent in the textile industry, and as an emulsifying additive in the food industry.
Peg 200 stearate is a neutral surfactant.
Peg 200 stearate is commonly used in a variety of cosmetic and personal care products, including creams, lotions, sunscreens, and other skincare formulations.

Peg 200 stearate is versatility and ability to improve the stability of emulsions make it a popular choice for formulators.
Emulsions that contain PEG-200 Stearate tend to have improved stability over time.
This stability is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the product and preventing phase separation (separation of water and oil phases).

Peg 200 stearate acts as a surfactant, which means it can reduce the surface tension between different phases in a formulation.
This property is valuable in achieving a homogenous blend of ingredients.
Peg 200 stearate can enhance the solubility of certain ingredients in formulations.

This can be particularly useful in creating products with a diverse range of components.
Peg 200 stearate itself is generally regarded as safe for use in cosmetics, the overall safety of a product also depends on the specific formulation and the concentration of ingredients.
Regulatory bodies in different countries, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Commission, set guidelines for the use of cosmetic ingredients to ensure product safety.

Peg 200 stearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, individuals with very sensitive skin may want to be cautious and patch-test products containing this ingredient, as with any new skincare or cosmetic product.
Peg 200 stearates are known for their biodegradability, which is a positive environmental characteristic.
However, the overall environmental impact of a product depends on its complete formulation, including other ingredients and packaging.

Peg 200 stearate has been recommended as an additive to the radiolabelled 7H12 Middlebrook TB media and as such has been shown to enhance growth of mycobacteria in the radiometric BACTEC rapid culture system.
Peg 200 stearate produces the greatest enhancement in growth and reduction in the time taken to detect growth for M. tuberculosis and polyoxyethylene (30) stearate and polyoxyethylene (JL) stearate for species of mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis.
Peg 200 stearate inhibits P-gp mediated efflux in a concentration dependent manner mainly by modulating substrate-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity.

Peg 200 stearate reduces vinblastine sulfate efllux.
The cytotoxicity of vinblastine to K562/ADR cells is significantly enhanced when the cells are cotreated with 100 or 150 μg/mL Peg 200 stearate.
Peg 200 stearate is a neutral surfactant.

Peg 200 stearate is a non-ionic surfactant, which is permitted for use as the E number food additive E431.
Peg 200 stearate is an octadecanoate ester composed of repeating 8-40 ethyleneoxy units.
Peg 200 stearate is an ingredient used in cosmetics.

Peg 200 stearate is an ingredient used in beauty products primarily as a surfactant and emulsifier.
Peg 200 stearate is a mixture of the monoand diesters of stearic acid.
Peg 200 stearate is mixed polyoxyethylene diols having an average polymer length of 7.5 oxyethylene units.

Uses:
Peg 200 stearate is an emulsifier and antifoaming agent used in processed foods, fruit jellies, and sauces.
Peg 200 stearate is compatible with lipophilic compounds due to a higher free fatty acid content.
Suggested applications: cosmetic formulations, lubricants.

Peg 200 stearate is listed as particularly applicable for hand and body lotions and creams.
Peg 200 stearate can be used as a medium for organic synthesis and a heat carrier with high requirements.
Peg 200 stearate is used as a humectant, inorganic salt solubilizer and viscosity adjuster in the daily chemical industry; as a softener and antistatic agent in the textile industry; as a wetting agent in the paper and pesticide industry.

Peg 200 stearate is most suitable for softgels.
Peg 200 stearate is a liquid, it has a wide range of compatibility with various solvents and is a good solvent and solubiliser, and is widely used in liquid formulations, such as oral liquids and eye drops.
Peg 200 stearate is the material of choice when vegetable oils are not suitable as a carrier for active ingredients.

Peg 200 stearate is used as a base or lubricant and softener in the pharmaceutical, textile and cosmetic industries; used as a dispersant in the paint industry to improve the water dispersibility and flexibility of resins, with a dosage of 10-30%; used to improve the solubility of dyestuffs and reduce their volatility in printing ink, especially in wax paper and printing ink, also used to adjust the consistency of ink in biros ink.
Peg 200 stearate is also used as a dispersant in the rubber industry to promote vulcanisation and as a dispersant for carbon black filling materials.

Peg 200 stearate is used as metal processing casting agent, lubricant and cutting fluid for metal drawing, stamping or forming, grinding cooling lubricating polishing agent, welding agent, etc.; used as lubricant in paper industry, etc., also used as hot melt adhesive to increase fast rewetting ability.
Peg 200 stearate good coating material, hydrophilic polishing material, film and capsule material, plasticizer, lubricant and drip matrix for the preparation of tablets, pills, capsules, microcapsules, etc.
Peg 200 stearate is used as a finishing agent in the paper industry to increase the gloss and smoothness of paper; as an additive in the rubber industry to increase the lubricity and plasticity of rubber products, reduce the power consumption during processing and extend the service life of rubber products.

Peg 200 stearate is used as a surfactant, emulsifier (cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textile finishes, defoamers, and baked goods), dye assistant, lubricant, and antistatic agent; Also used in dentifrice compositions and to make creams, lotions, ointments, and pharmaceutical preparations.
Peg 200 stearate is used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products, in oral, topical, and parenteral dosage forms.
Peg 200 stearate is the basis of a number of laxatives (as MiraLax, RestoraLAX, etc.).

Whole bowel irrigation with Peg 200 stearate and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy or for children with constipation.
Macrogol (with brand names such as Laxido, GoLytely and Miralax) is the generic name for polyethylene glycol used as a laxative.
The name may be followed by a number which represents the average molecular weight (e.g. macrogol 3350, macrogol 4000 or macrogol 6000).

The possibility that PEG could be used to fuse axons is being explored by researchers studying peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury.
An example of Peg 200 stearates in a therapeutic has been theorized by Ma et al. They propose using the hydrogel to address periodontitis (gum disease) by encapsulating stem cells in the gel that promote healing in the gums.
The gel with encapsulated stem cells was to be injected into the site of disease and crosslinked to create the microenvironment required for the stem cells to function.

PEGylation of adenoviruses for gene therapy can help prevent adverse reactions due to pre-existing adenovirus immunity.
A Peg 200 stearate lipid is used as an excipient in both the Moderna and Pfizer–BioNTech vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.
Both RNA vaccines consist of messenger RNA, or mRNA, encased in a bubble of oily molecules called lipids.

Peg 200 stearate lipid technology is used for each.
Peg 200 stearate is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers.
Peg 200 stearate is frequently used to preserve waterlogged wood and other organic artifacts that have been salvaged from underwater archaeological contexts, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm, and similar cases.

Peg 200 stearate replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.
In addition, Peg 200 stearate is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.
Peg 200 stearate has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terracotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China.

These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang (first emperor of China) era.
Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xi'an air.
The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes.

The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a Peg 200 stearate preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers.
Peg 200 stearate is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning.
Peg 200 stearate derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants.

Peg 200 stearate has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to create some polymersomes.
Peg 200 stearate is a component of the propellent used in UGM-133M Trident II Missiles, in service with the United States Navy.
An example study was done using Peg 200 stearate-diacrylate hydrogels to recreate vascular environments with the encapsulation of endothelial cells and macrophages.

This model furthered vascular disease modeling and isolated macrophage phenotype's effect on blood vessels.
Peg 200 stearate is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions.
Although polyethylene glycol is considered biologically inert, it can form non-covalent complexes with monovalent cations such as Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+, affecting equilibrium constants of biochemical reactions.

Peg 200 stearate is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization.
X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins.
Peg 200 stearate is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas.

In microbiology, Peg 200 stearate precipitation is used to concentrate viruses.
Peg 200 stearate is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro.
Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) can be PEG-coated to shield them from inactivation by the immune system and to de-target them from organs where they may build up and have a toxic effect.

The size of the Peg 200 stearate polymer has been shown to be important, with larger polymers achieving the best immune protection.
Peg 200 stearate a nitrate ester-plasticized polyethylene glycol (NEPE-75) is used in Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missile solid rocket fuel.
Dimethyl ethers of Peg 200 stearate are the key ingredient of Selexol, a solvent used by coal-burning, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the syngas stream.

Peg 200 stearate has been used as the gate insulator in an electric double-layer transistor to induce superconductivity in an insulator.
Peg 200 stearate is also used as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes.
Although not yet in commercial production, many groups around the globe are engaged in research on solid polymer electrolytes involving Peg 200 stearate, with the aim of improving their properties, and in permitting their use in batteries, electro-chromic display systems, and other products in the future.

Peg 200 stearate is injected into industrial processes to reduce foaming in separation equipment.
Peg 200 stearate is used as a binder in the preparation of technical ceramics.
Peg 200 stearate was used as an additive to silver halide photographic emulsions.

Peg 200 stearate is the basis of many skin creams (as cetomacrogol) and personal lubricants.
Peg 200 stearate is used in a number of toothpastes[5] as a dispersant. In this application, it binds water and helps keep xanthan gum uniformly distributed throughout the toothpaste.
Peg 200 stearate is also under investigation for use in body armor, and in tattoos to monitor diabetes.

Polymer segments derived from Peg 200 stearate polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions.
In low-molecular-weight formulations (e.g. PEG 400), it is used in Hewlett-Packard designjet printers as an ink solvent and lubricant for the print heads.
Peg 200 stearate is also used as an anti-foaming agent in food and drinks[32] – its INS number is 1521[33] or E1521 in the EU.

Peg 200 stearate has been used in a study to assess the phase behaviors of special hot microemulsion to produce drug-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers.
Peg 200 stearate has also been used in a study to investigate its effects on multidrug resistance (MDR).
Peg 200 stearate has been used in a study to assess the phase behaviors of special hot microemulsion to produce drug-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers.

Peg 200 stearate has also been used in a study to investigate its effects on multidrug resistance (MDR).
Peg 200 stearate serves as an emulsifying agent, helping to blend water and oil-based ingredients in formulations.
This is particularly important in creams, lotions, and other skincare products where a stable and uniform texture is desired.

Peg 200 stearate contributes to the smoothness and spreadability of cosmetic and personal care products.
This enhances the sensory experience of applying creams, lotions, and other formulations.
Peg 200 stearate improves the stability of emulsions over time, preventing the separation of water and oil phases.

This is crucial for maintaining the integrity and appearance of the product throughout its shelf life.
Due to its emulsifying properties, products containing Peg 200 stearate can enhance hydration by effectively combining water and oil components.
This is beneficial for moisturizing and hydrating formulations.

Peg 200 stearate may be found in some cleansing products, contributing to the formulation's ability to remove dirt and oil from the skin.
Peg 200 stearate can act as a thickening agent, helping to give certain formulations a desired viscosity.
This is particularly useful in creating creams and lotions with a consistent and pleasant texture.

Peg 200 stearate can improve the solubility of certain ingredients in formulations, making it easier to incorporate a diverse range of components into a product.
Peg 200 stearate may enhance the absorption or penetration of other active ingredients into the skin.
This is particularly relevant in skincare products where the effective delivery of active compounds is important.

Peg 200 stearate is sometimes included in hair care products such as conditioners and styling products.
Peg 200 stearate is emulsifying properties can contribute to the even distribution of conditioning agents, improving the overall performance of the product.
Peg 200 stearate may be used to help disperse UV filters evenly, improving the product's effectiveness and providing a smoother application.

Peg 200 stearate is utilized in a wide range of cosmetic formulations, including foundations, concealers, and color cosmetics.
Peg 200 stearate is emulsifying and stabilizing properties contribute to the uniform blending of pigments and other ingredients.
Peg 200 stearate can be found in pharmaceutical ointments and topical medications.

Peg 200 stearate is emulsifying properties aid in the formulation of stable and easy-to-apply medicinal creams.
In certain wound care formulations, Peg 200 stearate may be used to improve the spreadability of the product and facilitate the application of active ingredients.
Peg 200 stearate is often chosen for formulations that include both water-soluble and oil-soluble active ingredients, as it helps create a compatible and effective product.

In some formulations, Peg 200 stearate can be used as an alternative to petroleum jelly.
Peg 200 stearate provides a similar smooth texture and emollient properties without the heavy feel associated with petroleum-based products.

Peg 200 stearate is used in various dermatological products, including moisturizers, anti-aging creams, and specialty skincare formulations.
Peg 200 stearate is emulsifying and stabilizing properties are valuable in maintaining product integrity.

Safety Profile:
Very slightly toxic by ingestion.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data.
Experimental reproductive effects.

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
However, a growing body of evidence shows the existence of a detectable level of anti-Peg 200 stearate antibodies in approximately 72% of the population, never treated with PEGylated drugs, based on plasma samples from 1990 to 1999.

Due to its ubiquity in a multitude of products and the large percentage of the population with antibodies to PEG, hypersensitive reactions to Peg 200 stearate are an increasing concern.
Allergy to Peg 200 stearate is usually discovered after a person has been diagnosed with an allergy to an increasing number of seemingly unrelated products, including processed foods, cosmetics, drugs, and other substances that contain PEG or were manufactured with PEG.

cas no : 25322-68-3, cas no : 25322-68-3, POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (200-600) , PEG, Polymère d'oxyéthylène, alpha-hydro-oméga-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-éthynediyl),poly(oxyde d'éthylène), poly(oxyéthylène), PEG, PEO, Le PEG est utilisé dans de nombreux secteurs de l'industrie. Il sert par exemple comme épaississant ou gélifiant à la base de nombreux produits cosmétiques (savons liquides, crèmes hydratantes, shampoings, etc.) et paramédicaux (gels hydroalcooliques, lubrifiants intimes, etc.). Il est également utilisé comme solvant dans les encres pour imprimantes ou pour fabriquer des billes de paint-ball, ou bien comme additif alimentaire et dans certaines résines polyesters.PEG, Polymère d'oxyéthylène, alpha-hydro-oméga-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-éthynediyl),poly(oxyde d'éthylène), poly(oxyéthylène), PEG, PEO, Le PEG est utilisé dans de nombreux secteurs de l'industrie. Il sert par exemple comme épaississant ou gélifiant à la base de nombreux produits cosmétiques (savons liquides, crèmes hydratantes, shampoings, etc.) et paramédicaux (gels hydroalcooliques, lubrifiants intimes, etc.). Il est également utilisé comme solvant dans les encres pour imprimantes ou pour fabriquer des billes de paint-ball, ou bien comme additif alimentaire et dans certaines résines polyesters.Poly(ethylene glycol), Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),.alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-hydro-ω-hydroxy- Ethane-1,2-diol; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-Ethane-1,2-diol, ethoxylated;poly(oxyethylene); POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL; PEG, Polymère d'oxyéthylène, alpha-hydro-oméga-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-éthynediyl),poly(oxyde d'éthylène), poly(oxyéthylène), PEG, PEO, Le PEG est utilisé dans de nombreux secteurs de l'industrie. Il sert par exemple comme épaississant ou gélifiant à la base de nombreux produits cosmétiques (savons liquides, crèmes hydratantes, shampoings, etc.) et paramédicaux (gels hydroalcooliques, lubrifiants intimes, etc.). Il est également utilisé comme solvant dans les encres pour imprimantes ou pour fabriquer des billes de paint-ball, ou bien comme additif alimentaire et dans certaines résines polyesters.Poly(ethylene glycol), Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),.alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-hydro-ω-hydroxy- Ethane-1,2-diol; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-Ethane-1,2-diol, ethoxylated;poly(oxyethylene); POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL

Polyglycol; Polyethylene oxide; Polyoxy ethylene; Polyethylene Glycol 2000; Polyethylene Glycol 4000; Polyethylene Glycol 8000; CAS NO: 25322-68-3

Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy- (23,000 mol EO average molar ratio) CAS Number 25322-68-3

PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) Properties of PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) Quality Level 200 vapor pressure <0.1 hPa ( 20 °C) autoignition temp. 370 °C potency 28000 mg/kg LD50, oral (Rat) >20000 mg/kg LD50, skin (Rabbit) pH 4-7 (20 °C, 100 g/L in H2O) bp >220 °C/1013 hPa (decomposes) mp -15--10 °C transition temp flash point 220 °C density 1.13 g/cm3 at 20 °C SMILES string C(CO)O InChI 1S/C2H6O2/c3-1-2-4/h3-4H,1-2H2 InChI key LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N storage conditions Store below +30°C. Name PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) Accession Number DB11161 Description Polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG 300) is a water-miscible polyether with an average molecular weight of 300 g/mol. It is a clear viscous liquid at room temperature with non-volatile, stable properties 1. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) are widely used in biochemistry, structural biology, and medicine in addition to pharmaceutical and chemical industries. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) serve as solubilizers, excipients, lubricants, and chemical reagents. Low molecular weight glycols are observed to exhibit antibacterial properties as well. PEG 300 is found in eye drops as a lubricant to temporarily relieve redness, burning and irritation of the eyes. Type Small Molecule Groups Approved Polyethylene glycol (PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300); /ˌpɒliˈɛθəlˌiːn ˈɡlaɪˌkɒl, -ˌkɔːl/) is a polyether compound with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.[ Uses of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) Medical uses of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) Main article: Macrogol PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is the basis of a number of laxatives.[4] Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is also used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products. When attached to various protein medications, polyethylene glycol allows a slowed clearance of the carried protein from the blood.[5] The possibility that PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) could be used to fuse axons is being explored by researchers studying peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury.[4] Chemical uses of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) The remains of the 16th century carrack Mary Rose undergoing conservation treatment with PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) in the 1980s Terra cotta warrior, showing traces of original color Because PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is a hydrophilic molecule, it has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies.[6] Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.[7] The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments.[8] Since PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures (on the order of tens of atmospheres). It also is unlikely to have specific interactions with biological chemicals. These properties make PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemistry and biomembranes experiments, in particular when using the osmotic stress technique. Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) has also been used to preserve objects that have been salvaged from underwater, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm,[9] and similar cases. It replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.[4] In addition, PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.[10] PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terracotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China.[11] These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang (first emperor of China) era. Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xi'an air. The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes. The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers.[12] PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to create some polymersomes.[13] PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) has also been used as a propellent on the UGM-133M Trident II Missile, in service with the United States Air Force.[14] Biological uses PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions.[6] PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization. X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas. Polymer segments derived from PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions. In microbiology, PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) precipitation is used to concentrate viruses. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro. Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) can be PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300)-coated to shield them from inactivation by the immune system and to de-target them from organs where they may build up and have a toxic effect.[15] The size of the PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) polymer has been shown to be important, with larger polymers achieving the best immune protection. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is a component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) used to package siRNA for use in vivo.[16][17] In blood banking, PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is used as a potentiator to enhance detection of antigens and antibodies.[4][18] When working with phenol in a laboratory situation, PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) 300 can be used on phenol skin burns to deactivate any residual phenol (some references are required). In biophysics, polyethylene glycols are the molecules of choice for the functioning ion channels diameter studies, because in aqueous solutions they have a spherical shape and can block ion channel conductance.[19][20] Commercial uses PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is the basis of many skin creams (as cetomacrogol) and personal lubricants (frequently combined with glycerin). PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is used in a number of toothpastes[4] as a dispersant. In this application, it binds water and helps keep xanthan gum uniformly distributed throughout the toothpaste. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is also under investigation for use in body armor, and in tattoos to monitor diabetes.[21][22] In low-molecular-weight formulations (e.g. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) 400), it is used in Hewlett-Packard designjet printers as an ink solvent and lubricant for the print heads. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is also used as an anti-foaming agent in food and drinks[23] – its INS number is 1521[24] or E1521 in the EU.[25] Industrial uses A nitrate ester-plasticized polyethylene glycol (NEPE-75) is used in Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missile solid rocket fuel.[26] Dimethyl ethers of PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) are the key ingredient of Selexol, a solvent used by coal-burning, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the gas waste stream. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) has been used as the gate insulator in an electric double-layer transistor to induce superconductivity in an insulator.[27] PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is also used as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes. Although not yet in commercial production, many groups around the globe are engaged in research on solid polymer electrolytes involving PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300), with the aim of improving their properties, and in permitting their use in batteries, electro-chromic display systems, and other products in the future. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is injected into industrial processes to reduce foaming in separation equipment. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is used as a binder in the preparation of technical ceramics.[28] Recreational uses PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is used to extend the size and durability of very large soap bubbles. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is the main ingredient in many personal lubricants. Health effects PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is considered biologically inert and safe by the FDA. However, a growing body of evidence shows the existence of anti PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) antibodies in approximately 72% of the population based on plasma samples from 1990–1999.[medical citation needed] The FDA has been asked to investigate the possible effects of PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) in laxatives for children.[29] Due to its ubiquity in a multitude of products and the large percentage of the population with antibodies to PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300), hypersensitive reactions to PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) are an increasing concern.[medical citation needed] Allergy to PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is usually discovered after a person has been diagnosed with an allergy to an increasing number of seemingly unrelated products, including processed foods, cosmetics, drugs, and other substances that contain PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) or were manufactured with PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300).[30] When PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is chemically attached to therapeutic molecules (such as protein drugs or nanoparticles), it can sometimes be antigenic, stimulating an anti-PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) antibody response in some patients. This effect has only been shown for a few of the many available PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300)ylated therapeutics, but it has significant effects on clinical outcomes of affected patients.[31] Other than these few instances where patients have anti-PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) immune responses, it is generally considered to be a safe component of drug formulations. Available forms and nomenclature PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300), PEO, and POE refer to an oligomer or polymer of ethylene oxide. The three names are chemically synonymous, but historically PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is preferred in the biomedical field, whereas PEO is more prevalent in the field of polymer chemistry. Because different applications require different polymer chain lengths, PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) has tended to refer to oligomers and polymers with a molecular mass below 20,000 g/mol, PEO to polymers with a molecular mass above 20,000 g/mol, and POE to a polymer of any molecular mass.[32] PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300)s are prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide and are commercially available over a wide range of molecular weights from 300 g/mol to 10,000,000 g/mol.[33] PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) and PEO are liquids or low-melting solids, depending on their molecular weights. While PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) and PEO with different molecular weights find use in different applications, and have different physical properties (e.g. viscosity) due to chain length effects, their chemical properties are nearly identical. Different forms of PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) are also available, depending on the initiator used for the polymerization process – the most common initiator is a monofunctional methyl ether PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300), or methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), abbreviated mPEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300). Lower-molecular-weight PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300)s are also available as purer oligomers, referred to as monodisperse, uniform, or discrete. Very high purity PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) has recently been shown to be crystalline, allowing determination of a crystal structure by x-ray diffraction.[33] Since purification and separation of pure oligomers is difficult, the price for this type of quality is often 10–1000 fold that of polydisperse PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300). PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300)s are also available with different geometries. Branched PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300)s have three to ten PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) chains emanating from a central core group. Star PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300)s have 10 to 100 PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) chains emanating from a central core group. Comb PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300)s have multiple PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) chains normally grafted onto a polymer backbone. The numbers that are often included in the names of PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300)s indicate their average molecular weights (e.g. a PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) with n = 9 would have an average molecular weight of approximately 400 daltons, and would be labeled PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) 400.) Most PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300)s include molecules with a distribution of molecular weights (i.e. they are polydisperse). The size distribution can be characterized statistically by its weight average molecular weight (Mw) and its number average molecular weight (Mn), the ratio of which is called the polydispersity index (Mw/Mn). Mw and Mn can be measured by mass spectrometry. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300)ylation is the act of covalently coupling a PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) structure to another larger molecule, for example, a therapeutic protein, which is then referred to as a PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300)ylated protein. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300)ylated interferon alfa-2a or −2b are commonly used injectable treatments for hepatitis C infection. PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, benzene, and dichloromethane, and is insoluble in diethyl ether and hexane. It is coupled to hydrophobic molecules to produce non-ionic surfactants.[34] PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300)s potentially contain toxic impurities, such as ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane.[35] Ethylene Glycol and its ethers are nephrotoxic if applied to damaged skin.[36] Polyethylene oxide (PEO, Mw 4 kDa) nanometric crystallites (4 nm) Polyethylene glycol (PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300)) and related polymers (PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) phospholipid constructs) are often sonicated when used in biomedical applications. However, as reported by Murali et al., PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) is very sensitive to sonolytic degradation and PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) degradation products can be toxic to mammalian cells. It is, thus, imperative to assess potential PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) degradation to ensure that the final material does not contain undocumented contaminants that can introduce artifacts into experimental results.[37] PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300)s and methoxypolyethylene glycols are manufactured by Dow Chemical under the tradename Carbowax for industrial use, and Carbowax Sentry for food and pharmaceutical use. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid, depending on the molecular weight, as indicated by a number following the name. They are used commercially in numerous applications, including as surfactants, in foods, in cosmetics, in pharmaceutics, in biomedicine, as dispersing agents, as solvents, in ointments, in suppository bases, as tablet excipients, and as laxatives. Some specific groups are lauromacrogols, nonoxynols, octoxynols, and poloxamers. Macrogol, used as a laxative, is a form of polyethylene glycol. The name may be followed by a number which represents the average molecular weight. Production of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) Polyethylene glycol 400, pharmaceutical quality Polyethylene glycol 4000, pharmaceutical quality The production of polyethylene glycol was first reported in 1859. Both A. V. Lourenço and Charles Adolphe Wurtz independently isolated products that were polyethylene glycols.[38] Polyethylene glycol is produced by the interaction of ethylene oxide with water, ethylene glycol, or ethylene glycol oligomers.[39] The reaction is catalyzed by acidic or basic catalysts. Ethylene glycol and its oligomers are preferable as a starting material instead of water, because they allow the creation of polymers with a low polydispersity (narrow molecular weight distribution). Polymer chain length depends on the ratio of reactants. HOCH2CH2OH + n(CH2CH2O) → HO(CH2CH2O)n+1H Depending on the catalyst type, the mechanism of polymerization can be cationic or anionic. The anionic mechanism is preferable because it allows one to obtain PEG 300 (Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polietilen Glikol 300) with a low polydispersity. Polymerization of ethylene oxide is an exothermic process. Overheating or contaminating ethylene oxide with catalysts such as alkalis or metal oxides can lead to runaway polymerization, which can end in an explosion after a few hours. Polyethylene oxide, or high-molecular weight polyethylene glycol, is synthesized by suspension polymerization. It is necessary to hold the growing polymer chain in solution in the course of the polycondensation process. The reaction is catalyzed by magnesium-, aluminium-, or calcium-organoelement compounds. To prevent coagulation of polymer chains from solution, chelating additives such as dimethylglyoxime are used. Alkaline catalysts such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) are used to prepare low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol.

cas no 86893-19-8 Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-, ether with methyl d-glucopyranoside 2,6-bis[(Z)-9-octadecenoate] (2:1) (120 mol EO average molar ratio); polyethylene glycol (120) methyl glucoside dioleate; PEG-120 methyl glucose dioleate; Macrogol 120 methyl glucose dioleate; POE (120) methyl glucose dioleate;

PEG; Macrogol; Polyoxyethlene; Aquaffin; Nycoline; alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl); polyethylene glycols; Poly Ethylene Oxide; Polyoxyethylene; Polyglycol; 1,2-ethanediol Ehoxylated; Polyoxyethylene ether; Polyoxyethylene; Poly(ethylene glycol); PEG 300; PEG 400; PEG 1500; PEG 6000; PEG 8000 CAS NO: 25322-68-3

PEG 3350 Polyethylene glycol (PEG 3350; /ˌpɒliˈɛθəlˌiːn ˈɡlaɪˌkɒl, -ˌkɔːl/) is a polyether compound with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG 3350 is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG 3350 is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH. Uses of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 3350 Medical uses of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 3350) Main article: Macrogol PEG 3350 is the basis of a number of laxatives.[4] Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy. PEG 3350 is also used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products. When attached to various protein medications, polyethylene glycol allows a slowed clearance of the carried protein from the blood.[5] The possibility that PEG 3350 could be used to fuse axons is being explored by researchers studying peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury.[4] Chemical uses of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 3350) The remains of the 16th century carrack Mary Rose undergoing conservation treatment with PEG 3350 in the 1980s Terra cotta warrior, showing traces of original color Because PEG 3350 is a hydrophilic molecule, it has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies.[6] Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.[7] The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments.[8] Since PEG 3350 is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures (on the order of tens of atmospheres). It also is unlikely to have specific interactions with biological chemicals. These properties make PEG 3350 one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemistry and biomembranes experiments, in particular when using the osmotic stress technique. Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers. PEG 3350 has also been used to preserve objects that have been salvaged from underwater, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm,[9] and similar cases. It replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.[4] In addition, PEG 3350 is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.[10] PEG 3350 has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terracotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China.[11] These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang (first emperor of China) era. Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xi'an air. The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes. The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a PEG 3350 preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers.[12] PEG 3350 is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning. PEG 3350 derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants. PEG 3350 has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to create some polymersomes.[13] PEG 3350 has also been used as a propellent on the UGM-133M Trident II Missile, in service with the United States Air Force.[14] Biological uses PEG 3350 is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions.[6] PEG 3350 is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization. X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins. PEG 3350 is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas. Polymer segments derived from PEG 3350 polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions. In microbiology, PEG 3350 precipitation is used to concentrate viruses. PEG 3350 is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro. Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) can be PEG 3350-coated to shield them from inactivation by the immune system and to de-target them from organs where they may build up and have a toxic effect.[15] The size of the PEG 3350 polymer has been shown to be important, with larger polymers achieving the best immune protection. PEG 3350 is a component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) used to package siRNA for use in vivo. In blood banking, PEG 3350 is used as a potentiator to enhance detection of antigens and antibodies. When working with phenol in a laboratory situation, PEG 3350 300 can be used on phenol skin burns to deactivate any residual phenol (some references are required). In biophysics, polyethylene glycols are the molecules of choice for the functioning ion channels diameter studies, because in aqueous solutions they have a spherical shape and can block ion channel conductance. Commercial uses PEG 3350 is the basis of many skin creams (as cetomacrogol) and personal lubricants (frequently combined with glycerin). PEG 3350 is used in a number of toothpastes[4] as a dispersant. In this application, it binds water and helps keep xanthan gum uniformly distributed throughout the toothpaste. PEG 3350 is also under investigation for use in body armor, and in tattoos to monitor diabetes. In low-molecular-weight formulations (e.g. PEG 3350 400), it is used in Hewlett-Packard designjet printers as an ink solvent and lubricant for the print heads. PEG 3350 is also used as an anti-foaming agent in food and drinks[23] – its INS number is 1521 or E1521 in the EU. Industrial uses A nitrate ester-plasticized polyethylene glycol (NEPE-75) is used in Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missile solid rocket fuel.[26] Dimethyl ethers of PEG 3350 are the key ingredient of Selexol, a solvent used by coal-burning, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the gas waste stream. PEG 3350 has been used as the gate insulator in an electric double-layer transistor to induce superconductivity in an insulator.[27] PEG 3350 is also used as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes. Although not yet in commercial production, many groups around the globe are engaged in research on solid polymer electrolytes involving PEG 3350, with the aim of improving their properties, and in permitting their use in batteries, electro-chromic display systems, and other products in the future. PEG 3350 is injected into industrial processes to reduce foaming in separation equipment. PEG 3350 is used as a binder in the preparation of technical ceramics.[28] Recreational uses PEG 3350 is used to extend the size and durability of very large soap bubbles. PEG 3350 is the main ingredient in many personal lubricants. Health effects PEG 3350 is considered biologically inert and safe by the FDA. However, a growing body of evidence shows the existence of anti PEG 3350 antibodies in approximately 72% of the population based on plasma samples from 1990–1999.[medical citation needed] The FDA has been asked to investigate the possible effects of PEG 3350 in laxatives for children.[29] Due to its ubiquity in a multitude of products and the large percentage of the population with antibodies to PEG 3350, hypersensitive reactions to PEG 3350 are an increasing concern.[medical citation needed] Allergy to PEG 3350 is usually discovered after a person has been diagnosed with an allergy to an increasing number of seemingly unrelated products, including processed foods, cosmetics, drugs, and other substances that contain PEG 3350 or were manufactured with PEG 3350.[30] When PEG 3350 is chemically attached to therapeutic molecules (such as protein drugs or nanoparticles), it can sometimes be antigenic, stimulating an anti-PEG 3350 antibody response in some patients. This effect has only been shown for a few of the many available PEG 3350 therapeutics, but it has significant effects on clinical outcomes of affected patients.[31] Other than these few instances where patients have anti-PEG 3350 immune responses, it is generally considered to be a safe component of drug formulations. Available forms and nomenclature PEG 3350, PEO, and POE refer to an oligomer or polymer of ethylene oxide. The three names are chemically synonymous, but historically PEG 3350 is preferred in the biomedical field, whereas PEO is more prevalent in the field of polymer chemistry. Because different applications require different polymer chain lengths, PEG 3350 has tended to refer to oligomers and polymers with a molecular mass below 20,000 g/mol, PEO to polymers with a molecular mass above 20,000 g/mol, and POE to a polymer of any molecular mass.[32] PEG 3350s are prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide and are commercially available over a wide range of molecular weights from 300 g/mol to 10,000,000 g/mol.[33] PEG 3350 and PEO are liquids or low-melting solids, depending on their molecular weights. While PEG 3350 and PEO with different molecular weights find use in different applications, and have different physical properties (e.g. viscosity) due to chain length effects, their chemical properties are nearly identical. Different forms of PEG 3350 are also available, depending on the initiator used for the polymerization process – the most common initiator is a monofunctional methyl ether PEG 3350, or methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), abbreviated mPEG 3350. Lower-molecular-weight PEG 3350s are also available as purer oligomers, referred to as monodisperse, uniform, or discrete. Very high purity PEG 3350 has recently been shown to be crystalline, allowing determination of a crystal structure by x-ray diffraction.[33] Since purification and separation of pure oligomers is difficult, the price for this type of quality is often 10–1000 fold that of polydisperse PEG 3350. PEG 3350s are also available with different geometries. Branched PEG 3350s have three to ten PEG 3350 chains emanating from a central core group. Star PEG 3350s have 10 to 100 PEG 3350 chains emanating from a central core group. Comb PEG 3350s have multiple PEG 3350 chains normally grafted onto a polymer backbone. The numbers that are often included in the names of PEG 3350s indicate their average molecular weights (e.g. a PEG 3350 with n = 9 would have an average molecular weight of approximately 400 daltons, and would be labeled PEG 3350 400.) Most PEG 3350s include molecules with a distribution of molecular weights (i.e. they are polydisperse). The size distribution can be characterized statistically by its weight average molecular weight (Mw) and its number average molecular weight (Mn), the ratio of which is called the polydispersity index (Mw/Mn). Mw and Mn can be measured by mass spectrometry. PEG 3350ylation is the act of covalently coupling a PEG 3350 structure to another larger molecule, for example, a therapeutic protein, which is then referred to as a PEG 3350 protein. PEG 3350 interferon alfa-2a or −2b are commonly used injectable treatments for hepatitis C infection. PEG 3350 is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, benzene, and dichloromethane, and is insoluble in diethyl ether and hexane. It is coupled to hydrophobic molecules to produce non-ionic surfactants.[34] PEG 3350s potentially contain toxic impurities, such as ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane.[35] Ethylene Glycol and its ethers are nephrotoxic if applied to damaged skin.[36] Polyethylene oxide (PEO, Mw 4 kDa) nanometric crystallites (4 nm) Polyethylene glycol (PEG 3350) and related polymers (PEG 3350 phospholipid constructs) are often sonicated when used in biomedical applications. However, as reported by Murali et al., PEG 3350 is very sensitive to sonolytic degradation and PEG 3350 degradation products can be toxic to mammalian cells. It is, thus, imperative to assess potential PEG 3350 degradation to ensure that the final material does not contain undocumented contaminants that can introduce artifacts into experimental results.[37] PEG 3350s and methoxypolyethylene glycols are manufactured by Dow Chemical under the tradename Carbowax for industrial use, and Carbowax Sentry for food and pharmaceutical use. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid, depending on the molecular weight, as indicated by a number following the name. They are used commercially in numerous applications, including as surfactants, in foods, in cosmetics, in pharmaceutics, in biomedicine, as dispersing agents, as solvents, in ointments, in suppository bases, as tablet excipients, and as laxatives. Some specific groups are lauromacrogols, nonoxynols, octoxynols, and poloxamers. Macrogol, used as a laxative, is a form of polyethylene glycol. The name may be followed by a number which represents the average molecular weight. Production of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 3350) Polyethylene glycol 400, pharmaceutical quality Polyethylene glycol 4000, pharmaceutical quality The production of polyethylene glycol was first reported in 1859. Both A. V. Lourenço and Charles Adolphe Wurtz independently isolated products that were polyethylene glycols.[38] Polyethylene glycol is produced by the interaction of ethylene oxide with water, ethylene glycol, or ethylene glycol oligomers.[39] The reaction is catalyzed by acidic or basic catalysts. Ethylene glycol and its oligomers are preferable as a starting material instead of water, because they allow the creation of polymers with a low polydispersity (narrow molecular weight distribution). Polymer chain length depends on the ratio of reactants. HOCH2CH2OH + n(CH2CH2O) → HO(CH2CH2O)n+1H Depending on the catalyst type, the mechanism of polymerization can be cationic or anionic. The anionic mechanism is preferable because it allows one to obtain PEG 3350 with a low polydispersity. Polymerization of ethylene oxide is an exothermic process. Overheating or contaminating ethylene oxide with catalysts such as alkalis or metal oxides can lead to runaway polymerization, which can end in an explosion after a few hours. Polyethylene oxide, or high-molecular weight polyethylene glycol, is synthesized by suspension polymerization. It is necessary to hold the growing polymer chain in solution in the course of the polycondensation process. The reaction is catalyzed by magnesium-, aluminium-, or calcium-organoelement compounds. To prevent coagulation of polymer chains from solution, chelating additives such as dimethylglyoxime are used. Alkaline catalysts such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) are used to prepare low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol. Polyethylene glycol (PEG 3350) is a versatile polyether being utilized in various applications, in particular in medicine. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) is another name for PEG 3350. Typically, ethylene oxide macromolecules (Fig. 18.9) with molecular weights less than 20,000 g/mol are called PEG 3350, while those having values above 20,000 g/mol are named PEO. It is reported that PEG 3350 is soluble in water, ethanol, acetonitrile, benzene, and dichloromethane, while it is insoluble in diethyl ether and hexane. PEG 3350 is available in different structures such as branched, star, and comb-like macromolecules. PEG 3350ylation is an attractive process in which PEG 3350 is bonded to another molecule, which is promising in therapeutic methods. PEG 3350 can hinder the protein adsorption which is essential in drug delivery to minimize the protein corona formation [29]. Polyethylene glycol (PEG 3350) is a hydrophilic polymer of ethylene oxide. The non-immunogenic, biocompatible and flexible nature of PEG 3350 makes it a suitable synthetic dressing material for wound healing. The low toxic PEG 3350 macromers are well bonded with growth factor like EGF and can be delivered at the wound site [98]. The mechanical stability of PEG 3350 can be enhanced by blending PEG 3350 with chitosan and PLGA. Blending also increases thermal stability and crystallinity of the particular polymer [99]. Such PEG 3350-based dressings have been widely used to treat a diabetic wound by promoting and inducing growth of skin cells and collagen deposition. It also reduces scar formation [100]. The injectable hybrid hydrogel dressing system is developed from PEG 3350-based hyperbranched multiacrylated co-polymer and HA in combination with adipose-derived stem cells to support the viability of cells in vitro and in vivo. It prevents wound contraction and enhances angiogenesis by acting as temporary hydrogel for wound healing purpose [101]. Hydrophilic Materials Based on Polyethylene Glycol Polyethylene glycol (PEG 3350) is the most relevant antifouling polymer in biomedical devices. PEG 3350 antifouling properties are thought to be related to surface hydration and steric hindrance effects (Chen et al., 2010). PEG 3350 chains linked to a material surface assume a brush-like configuration at the water/surface interface, limiting the approach to the surface by bacteria. Compression of the highly hydrated layer of PEG 3350 chains is unfavorable because it would involve a reduction in PEG 3350 chain mobility and removal of water molecules. Surface packing density and polymer chain length can be used to control PEG 3350 antifouling properties (Roosjen et al., 2004). PEG 3350-functionalized PUs were developed by PEG 3350 introduction either in the polymer backbone (Corneillie et al., 1998) or polymer side chain (Francolini et al., 2019). Auto-oxidization in the presence of oxygen, metal ions, and enzymes able to oxidize PEG 3350 hydroxyl groups, however, may limit long-term effectiveness. Polyethylene glycol (PEG 3350) is another important type of PCM for textile applications. The repeating unit in PEG 3350 is oxyethylene (–O–CH2–CH2–) containing hydroxyl group on either side of the chain. The melting point of PEG 3350 depends on its molecular weight and is proportional as the molecular weight increases. The phase-change temperature of PEG 3350 can be determined using DSC (Pielichowski and Flejtuch, 2002). PEG 3350 with degree of polymerization 1000 has phase-change temperature of 35°C, while PEG 3350 with degree of polymerization 20,000 has melting temperature of 63°C (Craig and Newton, 1991; Hopp et al., 2000). Jiang et al. (2016) synthesized a dual-functional magnetic microcapsules containing a PCM core and an organo-silica shell for the electromagnetic shielding and thermal regulating applications. Fig. 20.6 shows the resulting DSC curves where the areas under the peaks indicate the amount of latent heat contained using different organosilanes/PEG 3350 weight ratios. PEG 3350 is the basis of a number of laxatives.[3] Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy. PEG 3350 is also used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products. When attached to various protein medications, polyethylene glycol allows a slowed clearance of the carried protein from the blood.[4] The possibility that PEG 3350 could be used to fuse nerve cells is being explored by researchers studying spinal cord injury.[3] Chemical uses The remains of the 16th century carrack Mary Rose undergoing conservation treatment with PEG 3350 in the 1980s Terra cotta warrior, showing traces of original color Because PEG 3350 is a hydrophilic molecule, it has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies.[5] Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.[6] The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments.[7] Since PEG is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures (on the order of tens of atmospheres). It also is unlikely to have specific interactions with biological chemicals. These properties make PEG 3350 one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemistry and biomembranes experiments, in particular when using the osmotic stress technique. Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers. PEG 3350 has also been used to preserve objects that have been salvaged from underwater, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm,[8] and similar cases. It replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.[3] In addition, PEG 3350 is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.[9] PEG has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terracotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China.[10] These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang Di dynasty (first emperor of China). Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xian air. The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes. The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a PEG 3350 preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers.[11] PEG 3350 is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning. PEG 3350 derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants. PEG 3350 is a polyol and can be reacted with an isocyanate to make polyurethane. PEG 3350 has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to create some polymersomes.[12] Biological uses PEG 3350 is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions. PEG 3350 is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization. X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins. PEG is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas. César Milstein and Georges J. F. Köhler originated this technique, which they used for antibody production, winning a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984.[3] Polymer segments derived from PEG polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions. In microbiology, PEG 3350 precipitation is used to concentrate viruses. PEG is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro. Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) can be PEG-coated to shield them from inactivation by the immune system and to de-target them from organs where they may build up and have a toxic effect.[13] The size of the PEG polymer has been shown to be important, with larger polymers achieving the best immune protection. PEG is a component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) used to package siRNA for use in vivo. In blood banking, PEG is used as a potentiator to enhance detection of antigens and antibodies.[3][16] When working with phenol in a laboratory situation, PEG 300 can be used on phenol skin burns to deactivate any residual phenol. In biophysics, polyethylene glycols are the molecules of choice for the functioning ion channels diameter studies, because in aqueous solutions they have a spherical shape and can block ion channel conductance. What is Polyethyleneglycol? Polyethyleneglycol, or PEG 3350 for short, is a polyether consisting of a (-O-CH2-CH2-) backbone that is commonly used in many fields of academic research, industrial processing and commercial applications. PEG 3350s can also commonly be referred to as polyoxyethylene (POE) and polyethyleneoxide (PEO), but regardless of the name that is used, the simple structure of PEG 3350s (which consists of solely carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, see image below) affords safe compounds that are used throughout everyday life. Additionally, it is this simple structure that separates PEG 3350s from similar compounds like propylene glycol and polypropyleneglycol. The two aforementioned compounds (polyethyleneglycol vs. propylene glycol) are derivatives of propylene oxide, which, when polymerized, bestows a completely different set of physical characteristics to the compound as compared to PEG 3350. The method in which PEG 3350s are created allows for a wide variability in their physical attributes, allowing them to be utilized by many commercial markets. By controlling a PEG 3350’s size (i.e. molecular weight) and its size distribution, a wide variety of physical properties can be achieved, which sets Oxiteno’s line of PEG 3350 products, the 6000 powder series, apart from other name brands of polyethyleneglycols. Due to the vast number of product types offered 6000 powder products (click here for a full listing), many physical forms (liquids, pastes, solids, flakes, powder, etc.) and viscosities of PEG 3350s are available. It is the numerous attributes of PEG 3350s that allow for their inclusion in a vast array of applications, ranging from the pharmaceutical industry to cosmetic markets. While the structure of PEG 3350 is simple, it is this compound’s solubility in water is what makes it such a versatile additive to enhance many industrial applications. Because line of PEG 3350 products are non-toxic and hydrophilic (water-loving), these polymers are used in the home (i.e. to treat surfaces in cleaning agents made by cleaning chemicals manufacturers) as well as in the food production industry (to reduce the amount of foam during the processing of food products). PEG 3350s are generally considered to be biologically inert, making them safe to use throughout the medical and food-processing industries. What is Polyethyleneglycol Used For? Due to the variety of physical properties that can be achieved through PEG 3350 series, formulators in nearly all industries can benefit from this line of PEG 3350 products. A PEG 3350’s unique ability to enhance a dye’s solubility in aqueous formulations causes it to be used throughout the textile industry as dye carriers. PEG 3350s are also exceptional at retaining moisture in complex formulations, as well as to an applied surface, making them excellent humectants and anti-caking agents for cosmetic chemical suppliers and coatings chemical suppliers. This unique relationship with water is further exploited by many other markets as PEG 3350s can help to stabilize emulsions and act as water-miscible co-solvents for aqueous formulations. The food industry uses these compounds as additives to reduce the amount of foam during food processing. Additionally, PEG 3350s find themselves very useful in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to act as rheological modifiers, thus being used as excipients. New research techniques are increasingly incorporating PEG 3350 compounds via the use of ‘PEG 3350ylation’ onto protein and peptide therapeutics, thus improving their pharmacokinetics and leading to safer and more effective drugs1-2. Many of PEG 3350 series meet the requirements set forth by the National Formulary (NF) guidelines for safe preparation, manufacture and use of a variety of PEG 3350 compounds that can be used as excipients, botanicals and other similar products. Is Polyethyleneglycol Safe? PEG 3350s are generally considered to be a biologically inert substance, meaning that this class of oligomers and polymers are recognized to be safe for use in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. So, is polyethyleneglycol toxic? Due to the PEG 3350’s structure and its water solubility, these compounds are generally considered to be non-toxic, as studies of demonstrated their safety for use within the field of drug delivery1-2, for application to the skin in cosmetics3 and as additives in the food and vitamin processing industry4. Where applicable, line of PEG 3350s, 6000 powder, adhere to the guidelines for the manufacturing set forth by the National Formulary (NF). Having initially been established by the U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act of 1938, these guidelines are currently recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These manufacturing and production guidelines are annually reviewed, requiring to not only adhere to these strict standards, but maintain constant surveillance over the preparation of these non-toxic additives. Additionally, many of PEG 3350 products that are used in agricultural applications are safe for the environment and are on the Environmental Protection Agencies’ (EPA) inert ingredient list, meeting the requirements set forth in 40 CFR 180.910 and 40 CFR 180.930. This makes PEG 3350s attractive for agrochemical companies. Polyethylene Glycol · Adhesives · Agriculture · Ceramics · Chemical Intermediates · Cosmetics · Toiletries · Electroplating / Electropolishing · Food Processing · Household Products · Lubricants · Metal / Metal Fabrication · Paints & Coatings · Paper Industry · Pharmaceuticals · Printing · Rubber & Elastomers · Textiles · Wood Processing AVAILABLE FORMS AND NOMENCLATURE PEG 3350, PEO, and POE refer to an oligomer or polymer of ethylene oxide. The three names are chemically synonymous, but historically PEG 3350 is preferred in the biomedical field, whereas PEO is more prevalent in the field of polymer chemistry. Because different applications require different polymer chain lengths, PEG 3350 has tended to refer to oligomers and polymers with a molecular mass below 20,000 g/mol, PEO to polymers with a molecular mass above 20,000 g/mol, and POE to a polymer of any molecular mass PEG 3350s are prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide and are commercially available over a wide range of molecular weights from 300 g/mol to 10,000,000 g/mol.[ PEG 3350 and PEO are liquids or low-melting solids, depending on their molecular weights. While PEG 3350 and PEO with different molecular weights find use in different applications, and have different physical properties (e.g. viscosity) due to chain length effects, their chemical properties are nearly identical. Different forms of PEG 3350 are also available, depending on the initiator used for the polymerization process - the most common initiator is a monofunctional methyl ether PEG 3350, or methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), abbreviated mPEG 3350. Lower-molecular-weight PEG 3350s are also available as purer oligomers, referred to as monodisperse, uniform, or discrete. Very high purity PEG 3350 has recently been shown to be crystalline, allowing determination of a crystal structure by x-ray diffraction Since purification and separation of pure oligomers is difficult, the price for this type of quality is often 10-1000 fold that of polydisperse PEG 3350. PEG 3350s are also available with different geometries. The numbers that are often included in the names of PEG 3350s indicate their average molecular weights (e.g. a PEG 3350 with n = 9 would have an average molecular weight of approximately 400 daltons, and would be labeled PEG 3350 400.) Most PEG 3350s include molecules with a distribution of molecular weights (i.e. they are polydisperse). The size distribution can be characterized statistically by its weight average molecular weight (Mw) and its number average molecular weight (Mn), the ratio of which is called the polydispersity index(Mw/Mn). Mw and Mn can be measured by mass spectrometry. PEG 3350 is the act of covalently coupling a PEG 3350 structure to another larger molecule, for example, a therapeutic protein, which is then referred to as a PEG 3350 protein. PEG 3350 interferon alfa-2a or -2b are commonly used injectable treatments for hepatitis C infection. PEG 3350 is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, benzene, and dichloromethane, and is insoluble in diethyl ether and hexane. It is coupled to hydrophobic molecules

Composition: Polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG 3350)

H(OCH2CH2)nOH

n = about 76

CAS-No.: 25322-68-3

INCI-designation: PEG-75

Product properties*)
Polyglykol 3350 is a white waxy solid at room temperature.

Its two hydroxy end groups and its ether groups mainly control the physical and chemical properties of Polyethylene Glycol 3350.

Therefore, Polyethylene Glycol 3350 is soluble in water and polar organic solvents like acetone or methanol.

Polyethylene Glycol 3350 is insoluble in pure hydrocarbons.

Polyethylene Glycol 3350 displays typical chemical reactions of alcohols/diols.

The solidification point of Polyethylene Glycol 3350 is about 55°C.

Storage
Polyethylene Glycol 3350 can be kept for at least two years when stored in a closed container in a cold, dry place.


Applications
Polyethylene glycol 3350 is used in various applications:

Fields of application:
- Reactive diol/polyether components in polyester or polyurethane resins
- Component of auxiliaries for leather and textile processing
- Cosmetic/pharmaceutical formulations (e.g., humectant or plasticizer for creams, tablets, toothpaste)
- Lubricant and mould release agent for rubber and elastomer processing
- Plasticizer and binder for ceramic and concrete manufacturing
- Component of lubricant formulations
- Water soluble, lubricating component in metalworking fluids
- Humectant for paper, wood, and cellulose films
- Solvent and humectant for dyes and inks
- Modifier for the production of regenerated viscose
- Humectant and plasticizer for adhesives



Product data*)
water content (DIN 51777) % m/m: max. 0.5
Color index APHA(EN 1557) (25 % in water): max. 30
pH ( 5 % w/w in water) (DIN EN 1262): 5 – 7
hydroxyl number (DIN 53240) mg KOH/g: 30 – 37
molecular weight g/mol: 3050 – 3685
solidification point (EP III) °C: 53 – 57
viscosity at 20°C (50 % w/w in water) (DIN 51562) mPas: 85 – 105
flash point (DIN 51376) °C: 260
ignition temperature (DIN 51794) °C : >320
ethylene oxide ppm: max. 1
dioxane ppm: max. 1

PEG-4 Rapeseedamide is a water-soluble surfactant derived from Rapeseed oil.
Commonly used in cosmetic formulations, PEG-4 Rapeseedamide enhances product spreadability, foaming capabilities, and emulsification.
With gentle cleansing properties and high biodegradability, PEG-4 Rapeseedamide promotes sustainability and skin compatibility, making it ideal for eco-conscious personal care products.

CAS: 85536-23-8

PEG-4 Rapeseedamide is a common ingredient in personal care products.
PEG-4 Rapeseedamide is primarily a surfactant that helps reduce the surface tension between water and the surface to effectively remove dirt and dust.
PEG-4 Rapeseedamide is also responsible for creating a rich creamy lather that improves the feel of the product.
Overall, PEG-4 Rapeseedamide enhances the cleansing properties of any personal care product or cosmetics.
PEG-4 Rapeseedamide appears as a slightly yellowish liquid that has a mild odor and is soluble in water.
PEG-4 Rapeseedamide's chemical formula is C23H45NO6.

PEG-4 Rapeseedamide is a liquid at room temperature.
PEG-4 Rapeseedamide's colour varies from light yellow to orange.
When added to water, it does not dissolve but forms a dispersion, i.e. PEG-4 Rapeseedamide disperses as fine droplets throughout a homogeneous liquid medium.
The density of a pure ingredient is approx. 1.00 g/mL, at the temperature of 25ᵒC.
The liquid PEG-4 Rapeseedamide solidifies at the temperature of approx. 0ᵒC.

Due to its emulsifying properties, PEG-4 Rapeseedamide acts as a co-emulsifier in O/W (oil-in-water) emulsions.
As an ingredient of an emulsion, PEG-4 Rapeseedamide supports the other components responsible for generating the emulsion, which results from the formation of systems of two mutually insoluble phases.
Those phases are usually oil and water.
Due to the co-emulsifying effect of PEG-4 Rapeseedamide, emulsions are more stable and have the required consistency which facilitates their application.

As a surfactant, PEG-4 Rapeseedamide is also a stabiliser and enhances the quality of foam in mixtures with anionic surfactants.
Emulsions are thermodynamic systems that are unstable by nature; therefore, it is necessary to use stabilisers such as PEG-4 Rapeseedamide.
The forces acting between the droplets of the dispersed phase may be strong enough to cause self-agglomeration of the dispersed phase particles, resulting in the separation of the product e.g. a cream into layers.
This in turn will prevent its proper application.
The role of a surfactant is to create as large boundary surface areas as possible and to spread the dispersed phase particles.

PEG-4 Rapeseedamide is an ingredient of delicate products for washing the skin and hair.
Products that contain this surfactant have a reduced irritant potential and thus are designed for the care of especially sensitive areas.
PEG-4 Rapeseedamide also has the thickening function in products.
PEG-4 Rapeseedamide's purpose is to give the product the appropriate consistency.
Moreover, PEG-4 Rapeseedamide is effective both in preparations with an SLES (a strong surfactant) and in preparations without any surfactants.

PEG-4 Rapeseedamide is a high concentrated liquid surfactant which shows very good solubilizing and emulsifying properties.
PEG-4 Rapeseedamidepresents better performance in terms of thickening and foaming than Cocamide DEA.
PEG-4 Rapeseedamide is the polyethylene glycol amide of the fatty acids derived from rapeseed oil.

Synonyms
Amides, rape-oil, N-(hydroxyethyl), ethoxylated
85536-23-8
DTXSID201041786
Rüblmonoethanolamid, ethoxyliert (3-4 EO)

Peg 4 rapeseedamide appears as a slightly yellowish liquid that has a mild odor and is soluble in water.
Peg 4 Rapeseedamide is quite a useful ingredient in the cosmetic industry.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide is primarily a surfactant that helps reduce the surface tension between water and the surface to effectively remove dirt and dust.

CAS Number: 85536-23-8
Molecular Formula: C18H30O3S

Peg 4 rapeseedamide is a common ingredient in personal care products.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide is also responsible for creating a rich creamy lather that improves the feel of the product.
Overall, this ingredient enhances the cleansing properties of any personal care product or cosmetics.

Peg 4 rapeseedamide is chemical formula is C23H45NO6.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide is made by the reaction of rapeseed oil with ethylene oxide and amines.
This water-soluble ingredient appears in liquid form that is clear or slightly yellow in color.

Peg 4 rapeseedamide is a mild surfactant that is used in products like shampoos, facial cleansers, and body washes for effective cleaning purposes.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide enhances the texture and the foam quality of the products to give the users a luxurious and satisfying experience.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide also acts as a thickener by increasing the viscosity and improving the spreadability of the products.

Peg 4 rapeseedamide is great for stabilizing oil in water emulsions like creams and lotions.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide has some moisturizing properties that leave the hair and skin hydrated and more soft.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide is a water-soluble surfactant derived from Rapeseed oil.

Commonly used in cosmetic formulations, Peg 4 rapeseedamide enhances product spreadability, foaming capabilities, and emulsification.
With gentle cleansing properties and high biodegradability, Peg 4 rapeseedamide promotes sustainability and skin compatibility, making it ideal for eco-conscious personal care products.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide is a non-ionic surfactant that belongs to the group of ethoxylated alkanolamides.

Peg 4 rapeseedamide is a name in the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) system.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide is an ethoxylated rapeseed oil fatty acids monoethanolamide.
The CAS number, i.e. the reference number assigned by the US organisation Chemical Abstracts Service, for this substance is 85536-23-8.

PEG-4 Rapeseedamide is a liquid at room temperature.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide is colour varies from light yellow to orange.
When added to water, Peg 4 rapeseedamide does not dissolve but forms a dispersion, i.e. it disperses as fine droplets throughout a homogeneous liquid medium.

The density of a pure ingredient is approx.
The liquid PEG-4 Rapeseedamide solidifies at the temperature of approx. 0ᵒC.
"PEG" refers to a PEG-(polyethylene glycol-) derivative.

The number behind "PEG-" refers to the average number of molecular units -CH2-CH2-O-.
Ingredient on the basis of colza oil (brassica campestris seed oil).
Amides are generally conversion products of carbonic acids (carboxylic acids, mostly fatty acids) or other acids with nitrogen compounds (ammonia or alkyl and alkanol amines, amino acids etc).

Peg 4 rapeseedamide which shows very good solubilizing and emulsifying properties.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide presents better performance in terms of thickening and foaming than Cocamide DEA.
As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, I don't have specific information about "Peg 4 rapeseedamide.

Peg 4 rapeseedamide's possible that it's a chemical compound or a product ingredient, but without more context or updated information.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide could potentially refer to a compound derived from rapeseed oil.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide is obtained from the seeds of the rapeseed plant and is commonly used for various purposes, including cooking oil and industrial applications.

Peg 4 rapeseedamide is a polymer often used in the formulation of cosmetics, personal care products, and pharmaceuticals.
Explore online databases related to chemicals and compounds.
This might include databases from scientific organizations, chemical suppliers, or regulatory agencies.

Peg 4 rapeseedamide is a chemical used in industrial processes, contact chemical suppliers or manufacturers.
They might provide technical data sheets or other relevant information.
Search for recent articles or studies in scientific journals that discuss the properties, uses, or applications of Peg 4 rapeseedamide.

Some information about chemical compounds can be found in patent databases.
Search for patents related to Peg 4 rapeseedamide to understand its potential applications and properties.
Check chemical safety databases for any available information on the safety profile of Peg 4 rapeseedamide.

This could include data on toxicity, environmental impact, and regulatory status.
If possible, consult with experts in the field of chemistry, particularly those with expertise in surfactants, emulsifiers, or related compounds.
They may have insights into the nature and uses of Peg 4 rapeseedamide.

Boiling Point: 262°C
Melting Point: 7°C
Solubility: Dispersible in water

Due to its emulsifying properties, Peg 4 rapeseedamide acts as a co-emulsifier in O/W (oil-in-water) emulsions.
As an ingredient of an emulsion, it supports the other components responsible for generating the emulsion, which results from the formation of systems of two mutually insoluble phases.
Those phases are usually oil and water.

Due to the co-emulsifying effect of PEG-4 Rapeseedamide, emulsions are more stable and have the required consistency which facilitates their application.
As a surfactant, Peg 4 rapeseedamide is also a stabiliser and enhances the quality of foam in mixtures with anionic surfactants.
Emulsions are thermodynamic systems that are unstable by nature; therefore, it is necessary to use stabilisers such as PEG-4 Rapeseedamide.

The forces acting between the droplets of the dispersed phase may be strong enough to cause self-agglomeration of the dispersed phase particles, resulting in the separation of Peg 4 rapeseedamide e.g. a cream into layers.
This in turn will prevent its proper application.
The role of a surfactant is to create as large boundary surface areas as possible and to spread the dispersed phase particles.

PEG-4 Rapeseedamide is an ingredient of delicate products for washing the skin and hair.
Products that contain this surfactant have a reduced irritant potential and thus are designed for the care of especially sensitive areas.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide also has the thickening function in products.

Peg 4 rapeseedamide is purpose is to give the product the appropriate consistency.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide is effective both in preparations with an SLES (a strong surfactant) and in preparations without any surfactants.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide are poly condensation products of ethylene glycol, or polymerisation products of ethylene oxide.

The number added to the name refers to the mean number of ethylene oxide units in the Peg 4 rapeseedamide.
The consistency of the PEG derivatives is increasingly solid with a growing degree of polymerisation.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide with a mean molar mass of up to 600 g/mol are liquid, up to 1,000 g/mol wax-like and from 4,000 g/mol solid wax-like substances.

By mixing solid and liquid components, products of a creamy consistency are obtained which are used as water-free and water rinse-off bases.
With growing molar mass water solubility and hygroscopicity (ability to absorb moisture) of the polyethylene glycols decrease.
Peg 4 rapeseedamides and their derivates are preferentially used in cosmetic products since they have a broad spectrum of viscosity and solubility properties and have a very good skin tolerance.

As water soluble, non-greasy substances polyethylene glycols are suitable for many cosmetic purposes.
The liquid Peg 4 rapeseedamides serve, eg, as glycerol substitute in facial, shaving and hair lotions, as solubilisers and solvents.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide is an ingredient in a product, such as a cosmetic or personal care item, check the product label.

Ingredient lists are usually provided on the packaging.
Reach out to the manufacturer of the product containing Peg 4 rapeseedamide.
They should be able to provide detailed information about the Peg 4 rapeseedamide, its purpose in the product, and any safety considerations.

Search scientific databases, journals, or publications for any research or studies related to Peg 4 rapeseedamide.
Scientific literature might provide information on its properties, uses, and safety.
They may have information on the safety and regulations surrounding Peg 4 rapeseedamide.

Uses:
Peg 4 rapeseedamide derivatives are used in pharmaceuticals for drug delivery, solubilizing poorly water-soluble drugs, and as excipients in formulations.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide compounds are often found in cosmetics and personal care products as emulsifiers, surfactants, and thickeners.
They help to stabilize formulations and improve the texture of products like creams, lotions, and shampoos.

Peg 4 rapeseedamide derivatives can be used in industrial processes as lubricants, dispersants, and solvents.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide is used in the production of medical devices and diagnostics.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide compounds can be used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in certain food products.

Primesurf Peg 4 rapeseedamide is a component of detergents and personal care products like shampoos, shower gels, hand soaps and shaving gels.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide is a high performing and costeffective thickening agent.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide exhibits excellent thickening properties in various surfactant systems at low concentrations.

Peg 4 rapeseedamide also acts as a foam booster, strong solubilizer and emulsifier and is effective in both SLES-based and SLES-free formulations.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide is based on renewable rapeseed oil and shows good biodegradability.
Thanks to its liquid low viscosity concentrated form it is easy to handle and can also be formulated at room temperature.

Peg 4 rapeseedamide derivatives are used in pharmaceuticals for drug delivery, solubilizing poorly water-soluble drugs, and as excipients in formulations.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide compounds are often found in cosmetics and personal care products as emulsifiers, surfactants, and thickeners.
They help to stabilize formulations and improve the texture of products like creams, lotions, and shampoos.

Peg 4 rapeseedamide derivatives can be used in industrial processes as lubricants, dispersants, and solvents.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide is used in the production of medical devices and diagnostics.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide compounds can be used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in certain food products.

Reach out to the manufacturer or supplier of Peg 4 rapeseedamide.
They should be able to provide detailed information about the compound, its properties, and intended uses.
Contact information can often be found on product labels or the company's website.

Check any available product documentation, technical data sheets, or safety data sheets (SDS) for Peg 4 rapeseedamide.
These documents often contain information about the chemical composition, properties, and recommended uses.
Explore industry publications, journals, or articles related to the field in which Peg 4 rapeseedamide is used.

Sometimes, industry-specific literature can provide insights into the applications of certain compounds.
Check with regulatory agencies or databases relevant to the industry or application of Peg 4 rapeseedamide. These agencies might have information on approved uses, safety guidelines, and regulations.

Scientific Literature: Search for scientific literature and research papers that discuss Peg 4 rapeseedamide.
Academic journals and databases may provide information on its properties, synthesis, and potential applications.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide access to professional networks or industry associations, consider reaching out to experts in the field.

Networking with professionals who work with similar compounds could provide valuable insights.
Peg 4 rapeseedamide is used in commercial products, the manufacturer may provide technical data sheets.
These documents typically contain detailed information about the compound, including its properties, applications, and safety considerations.

Check relevant regulatory databases or agencies that oversee the use of chemicals in your industry or region.
They may have information on the approval status, safety, and permitted uses of Peg 4 rapeseedamide.

Search for recent scientific literature, research papers, or patents related to Peg 4 rapeseedamide.
Academic journals and patent databases can be valuable sources for understanding the properties and applications of chemical compounds.

Safety Profile:
PEG-4 Rapeseedamide is a safe ingredient and does not have any major side effects when used within the recommended guidelines.
Nonetheless, a patch test should be done prior to full application.
In cosmetic and personal care products, this ingredient can be added up to the concentration of 5%.

Additionally, Peg 4 rapeseedamide has a shelf life of up to two years when preserved properly.
Depending on the source of rapeseed oil used in the production of this ingredient, it can be vegan and halal.

Storage, Packaging and Handling:
Store in a tightly closed container in a roofed area, at a temperature up to 40°C.
Product storage in a temperature below 10°C can cause product turbidity which is not present influence on its properties.
After heating to room temperature, the product returns to its original form.

Synonyms:
PEG-4 RAPESEEDAMIDE
PEG-4 RAPESEEDAMIDE [INCI]
89575CN928
Amides, rape-oil, N-(hydroxyethyl), ethoxylated
85536-23-8
DTXSID201041786

Esans emülgatörü. Saç jölesi, şampuan ve genel temizlik ürünlerinde kullanılır.

cas no 9004-99-3 Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) .alpha.-(1-oxooctadecyl)-.omega.-hydroxy- (40 mol EO average molar ratio); polyoxyethylene (40) monostearate; polyethylene glycol (40) monostearate; Myrj 52;

DESCRIPTION:

PEG-40 stearate is a neutral surfactant.
PEG-40 stearate is a synthetic polymer composed of PEG (polyethylene glycol) and stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid. Due to the presence of PEG, this ingredient may contain potentially toxic manufacturing impurities such as 1,4-dioxane.
In cosmetics and personal care products, PEG-40 stearates are used in skin creams, conditioners, shampoos, body cleansers. ,



CAS NUMBER: 9004-99-3

MOLECULAR FORMULA: (C2-H4-O)mult-.C18-H36-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 328.5



DESCRIPTION:

PEG-40 stearate is an octadecanoate ester composed of repeating 8-40 ethyleneoxy units.
PEG-40 stearate is an ingredient used in cosmetics and beauty products primarily as a surfactant and emulsifier.
PEG-40 stearate has a role as a non-ionic surfactant and an emulsifier.
PEG-40 stearate can be used as a thickener, texture enhancer, or to keep ingredients soluble in addition to its usual role as a cleansing agent in skin care formulas. PEG-40 stearate can be found in a wide range of skin care products, such as cleansers, creams, exfoliants, and serums.

PEG-40 Stearate works as an emulsifier, cleanser, surfactant, and humectant in cosmetics and personal care products.
PEG-40 stearates are soft to waxy solids that are white to tan in color.
In cosmetics and personal care products, PEG-40 stearates are used in skin creams, conditioners, shampoos, body cleansers and soapless detergents.
PEG-40 stearate also functions as a lubricant and antistatic agent.

PEG-40 stearate is used in dentifrices, creams, lotions, ointments, etc.
PEG-40 stearates clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away.
PEG-40 Stearate is an ester of polyethylene glycol and stearic acid. Stearic acid occurs naturally in many oils like palm and coconut oil.
The number with PEG-40 stearate denotes the number of monomer units attached in the chain.
PEG-40 Stearate is a white, waxy, or flaky solid.

PEG-40 stearate is an emulsifier for cosmetic O/W emulsions and is compatible with higher concentrations of electrolytes.
PEG-40 stearate acts as a solid lipophilic emulsifier.
PEG-40 stearate contains polyoxyethylene glycol fatty acid esters.
Its saponification value is 25-36.
PEG-40 stearate is an oily solid raw material with a density of 1.070 GR / CM3, in the form of solid oil, white in color and a characteristic odour.

PEG-40 stearate is widely used in the cosmetics and industrial sectors.
PEG-40 stearate is a good emulsifier.
For this purpose, PEG-40 stearate is used in hair care products, hair styling products, hand and face care creams and lotions.
PEG-40 stearate is manufactured by the polymerization of ethylene oxide (EO) with water, monoethylene glycol or diethylene glycol, under alkaline conditions.
PEG-40 stearate is manufactured by the ethoxylation of stearyl alcohol with the number of moles of ethylene oxide corresponding to the average polyethylene glycol chain length desired.

Impurities found in various PEGs and PEG derivatives may include residual ethylene oxide, 1,4-dioxane, polycyclic aromatic compounds, and heavy metals.
PEG-40 stearate is a mix of esters of stearic acid ethoxylated with approximately 40 units long polyoxyethylene glycols.
PEG-40 stearate's a multifunctional vegetable-based ingredient used primarily as a lipophilic non-ionic oil-in-water emulsifier (HLB value 17.3) and valuable as a humectant, dispersing agent, solubilizer, and surfactant.
PEG-40 stearate is a common ingredient in skin, hair, lip, and eye care formulas, thanks to increased stability even in sun care products.

PEG-40 Stearate fount its application in creams, masks, shampoos, and decorative cosmetics as a wetting agent.
Chemically inert with enhanced stability, PEG-40 stearate's suitable for a wide range of pH and actives, stabilizing emulsions, thickening, and improving skin feel.
PEG-40 stearate can be used as an excipient.
PEG-40 Stearate is an ester mixture of polyethylene glycol and stearic acid.
PEG-40 stearate is used to emulsify solvents in cosmetic formulas, can contribute to improved product texture, and in larger quantities it can also be a cleaning agent.

PEG-40 Stearate can be animal-derived or synthetic; LNDA uses only synthetic form.
PEG-40 stearate is one of the many PEG compounds that are considered safe as used in cosmetics.
PEG-40 stearate is a synthetic polymer composed of PEG (polyethylene glycol) and stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
PEG-40 stearate is a synthetic polymer composed of PEG (polyethylene glycol) and stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.used in skin care.
PEG-40-Stearate cleans the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away and therefore it is used in shampoos.

As PEG-40 stearate also has emollient properties it is used hair conditioners and masks.
PEG-40 Stearate may or may not be vegan.
PEG-40 stearate is a PEG compound of Stearic Acid, used in cosmetics as an emulsifier.
PEG-40 stearate is a mixture of polyethylene glycol esters.
PEG-40 stearate is compatible with lipophilic compounds due to a higher free fatty acid content.

PEG-40 stearate is a high molecular weight, high HLB surface active agent suggested for use in cosmetic formulations (emulsifier, viscosity modifier) and in lubricants (emulsifier).
PEG-40 stearate is a multifunctional surface active agent suggested for use in cosmetic formulations, household products, lubricants, textile chemicals, polishes and paper.
PEG-40 Stearate is a chemical compound commonly used in the cosmetics and personal care industry.
PEG-40 stearate is an ingredient that can be found in various skincare, haircare, and cosmetic products, such as creams, lotions, cleansers, and makeup.

PEG-40 stearate stands for Polyethylene Glycol, which is a synthetic polymer made from ethylene oxide.
Stearate refers to the stearic acid ester of PEG-40 stearate.
Essentially, PEG-40 Stearate is a combination of a polyethylene glycol chain and stearic acid.
PEG-40 Stearate serves as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetic formulations.
Emulsifiers help mix oil and water-based ingredients in products, preventing them from separating.
Surfactants, on the other hand, help to reduce the surface tension between different substances, making it easier for them to mix together.

In skincare products, PEG-40 Stearate helps create stable emulsions, allowing oil and water-based ingredients to form consistent formulations.
PEG-40 stearate also contributes to the texture and feel of the product, improving its spreadability and overall application.
Additionally, PEG-40 Stearate can enhance the solubility of certain ingredients in water-based solutions.
PEG-40 stearate's important to note that while PEG-40 Stearate is widely used in the cosmetics industry, there have been concerns about certain PEG compounds potentially being contaminated with harmful impurities, such as 1,4-dioxane, which is considered a potential human carcinogen.
Manufacturers often take steps to purify PEG-40 stearate compounds to minimize the presence of such impurities, and regulatory bodies may set limits on their use to ensure consumer safety.



APPLICATION:

PEG-40 stearate has been used in a study to assess the phase behaviors of special hot microemulsion to produce drug-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers.
PEG-40 stearate has also been used in a study to investigate its effects on multidrug resistance (MDR).



USES:

-surfactant
-emulsifier (cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textile finishes, defoamers, and baked goods)
-dye assistant
-lubricant
-antistatic agent
-dentifrice compositions



USAGE AREAS:

-Cosmetics
-Pharmaceuticals
-Inks & Coatings



FEATURES:

-Cleansing
-Emulsifying
-Surfactant



SPECIFICATIONS:

-Molecular Weight: 328.5
-Molecular Formula: HO(CH2CH2O)nOCC17H35
-Canonical SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO
-InChI: InChI=1S/C20H40O3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-20(22)23-19-18-21/h21H,2-19H2,1H3
-InChIKey: RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
-Boiling Point: 438.00 to 439.00 °C at 760.00 mm Hg (est)
-Melting Point: 47°C
-Flash Point: 39°C
-Density: 0.913 g/cm³
-Solubility: POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL ESTERS AND ETHERS INCR THE WATER SOLUBILITY OF TYROTHRICIN
-Appearance: Light amber semiSolid
-Assay: 0.99
-Log P: 7.629 (est)
-Stability: Stable.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Melting point: 47 °C
-Fp: 39 °C
-storage temp.: 2-8°C
-Water Solubility: Soluble in water
-solubility: Chloroform (Slighty), Methanol (Slightly)
-form: powder to lump
-color: White to Almost white
-Odor: at 100.00?%. mild fatty
-Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB): 18.8
-LogP: 7.629 (est)



PROPERTIES:

-description: non-ionic
-form: powder
-application(s): detection
-InChI: 1S/C20H40O3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-20(22)23-19-18-21/h21H,2-19H2,1H3
-InChI key: RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
-Boiling Point: 438.00 to 439.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
-Flash Point: 328.00 °F. TCC ( 164.60 °C. ) (est)
-logP (o/w): 7.629 (est)



PROPERTIES:

-Odor Strength: none
-Odor Description: at 100.00 %. mild fatty
-Taste Description: bitter fatty



FUNCTIONS:

-Emulsifying agent: Promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
-Surfactant: Reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product during use



PRODUCT INFORMATIONS:

-Usage/Application: Personal Care
-Form: Pellets
-Dosage: 2.0 to 3.0%
-CAS Number: 9004-99-3
-Color: White



STORAGE:

Keep tightly closed in a cool place in a tightly closed container.



SYNONYM:

Peg-40 glyceryl stearate
0A0VSM3HAD
EMALEX GM-40
GLYCERETH-40 STEARATE
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (40) GLYCERYL STEARATE
POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) GLYCERYL STEARATE
POLYOXYL 40 GLYCERYL STEARATE
2-Hydroxyethyl stearate
Ethylene glycol monostearate
Glycol stearate
2-Hydroxyethyl octadecanoate
Cremophor A
Glycol monostearate
Monthybase
Parastarin
Monthyle
Sedetol
Ivorit
Prodhybase ethyl
Prodhybas N
Cerasynt M
Clearate G
Cerasynt MN
Cithrol PS
Clindrol SEG
OCTADECANOIC ACID, 2-HYDROXYETHYL ESTER
Lipo EGMS
Cithrol 10MS
Lactine
Cerasynt 660
Myrj
Tego-stearate
Akyporox S 100
Prodhybase P
PEG stearate
Emerest 2350
Emerest 2640
Empilan 2848
Lamacit CA
Soromin-SG

PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Stearates (PEG-2 Stearate, PEG-6 Stearate, PEG-8 Stearate, PEG-12 Stearate, PEG-20 Stearate, PEG-32 Stearate, PEG-40 Stearate, PEG-50 Stearate, PEG-100 Stearate, PEG-150 Stearate) are esters of polyethylene glycol and stearic acid. The PEG Stearates are soft to waxy solids that are white to tan in color. In cosmetics and personal care products, PEG Stearates are used in skin creams, conditioners, shampoos, body cleansers and soapless detergents. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) is used in cosmetics and beauty products primarily as a surfactant and cleansing agent, because PEG Stearates' ability to clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away, according to. However, it is also seen as an emollient, because of secondary properties. * A surfactant and cleansing agent * Please read TIA’s article on What Is PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate): PEGs Functions of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate): PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) is used in cosmetics and beauty products primarily as a surfactant and cleansing agent, because PEG Stearates' ability to clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away, according to CosmeticsInfo.org. However, it is also seen as an emollient, because of secondary properties. Unlike typical PEGs, (whose identifying number corresponds to their molecular weight) the numerical value of each PEG Stearate corresponds to the average number of ethylene oxide monomers in the polyethylene chain (from 2 - 150). Despite the many fears regarding PEGs, they are seen as an ingredient in a large number of products because of their diverse properties. In a study published in the Toxicology journal in 2005, entitled "Safety assessment on polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and their derivatives as used in cosmetic products," it was concluded that: "Taking into consideration all available information from related compounds, as well as the mode and mechanism of action, no safety concern with regard to these endpoints could be identified. Based on the available data it is therefore concluded that PEGs of a wide molecular weight range (200 to over 10,000), their ethers (laureths. ceteths, ceteareths, steareths, and oleths), and fatty acid esters (laurates, dilaurates, stearates, distearates) are safe for use in cosmetics." PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) is not considered to be an irritant or sensitizer (it gave only minimal irritation in studies up to 100%), and are CIR and FDA approved for use, but not on broken skin (Source). Safety Measures/Side Effects of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE): However. The Cosmetics Database found PEG 40 Stearate to be a moderate to high hazard ingredient depending on usage. The EWG issues warnings regarding: cancer, developmental and reproductive toxicity, contamination concerns, irritation, and organ system toxicity. According to a study published in the International Journal of Toxicology, PEGs (including PEG 40 Stearate) can contain harmful impurities, including: Ethylene Oxide, known to increase the incidences of uterine and breast cancers and of leukemia and brain cancer, according to experimental results reported by the National Toxicology Program; 1,4-dioxane, a known carcinogen; PAHs, known to increase the risk of breast cancer; lead; iron; and arsenic (Source). Products and formulas containing PEG 40 Stearate should not be used on broken or irritated skin. Although PEGs are considered safe for use topically on healthy skin, studies showed that patients suffering from severe burns were treated with PEG-based antimicrobial cream; this treatment resulted in kidney toxicity. "The PEG content of the antimicrobial cream was determined to be the causative agent. However, no evidence of systemic toxicity occurred in studies with intact skin. Because of the observation of kidney effects in burn patients, the CIR Expert Panel qualified their conclusion on the safety of the PEG ingredients to state that cosmetic formulations containing these ingredients should not be used on damaged skin" SYNONYMS of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) Polyoxyl (40) stearate, polyoxyethylene (40) monostearate; INS No. 431 DEFINITION Consists of a mixture of the mono- and diesters of edible commercial stearic acid and mixed polyoxyethylene diols (having an average polymer length of about 40 oxyethylene units) together with free polyol. Structural formula Nominal formula and approximate composition: free polyol monoester diester where RCO- is a fatty acid moiety, and "n" has an average value of approximately 40. The distribution of polymers is approximately in accordance with the Poisson expression. Assay Not less than 84.0 and not more than 88.0% of oxyethylene groups equivalent to not less than 97.5 and not more than 102.5% of polyoxyethylene (40) stearate calculated on the anhydrous basis. DESCRIPTION of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) Cream-coloured and exists as flakes or as a waxy solid at 25o with a faint odour FUNCTIONAL USESEmulsifier of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) CHARACTERISTICS of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) IDENTIFICATION of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) Solubility (Vol. 4) Soluble in water, ethanol, methanol and ethylacetate; insoluble in mineral oil Congealing range (Vol. 4)39 - 44o Infrared absorption The infrared spectrum of the sample is characteristic of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyoxyethylated polyol Colour reaction To 5 ml of a 5% (w/v) aqueous solution of the sample add 10 ml of ammonium cobaltothiocyanate solution and 5 ml of chloroform, shake well and allow to separate; a blue colour is produced in the chloroform layer. (Ammonium cobaltothiocyanate solution: 37.5 g of cobalt nitrate and 150 g of ammonium thiocyanate made up to 100 ml with water - freshly prepared). Saponification (Vol. 4) 100 g of the sample yields approximately 13-14 g of fatty acids and 85-87 g of polyols PURITY of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) Water (Vol. 4) Not more than 3% (Karl Fischer Method) Acid value (Vol. 4) Not more than 1 Saponification value (Vol. 4) Not less than 25 and not more than 35 Hydroxyl value (Vol. 4) Not less than 27 and not more than 40 Lead (Vol. 4) Not more than 2 mg/kg Determine using an atomic absorption technique appropriate to the specified level. The selection of sample size and method of sample preparation may be based on the principles of the method described in Volume 4, “Instrumental Methods.” METHOD OF ASSAY of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) Determine the content of Oxyethylene groups. Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate has been used in a study to assess the phase behaviors of special hot microemulsion to produce drug-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. [3] It has also been used in a study to investigate its effects on multidrug resistance (MDR). Polyoxyethylene 40 monostearate, also known as ethylene glycol monostearate or myrj 52, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty acid esters. These are carboxylic ester derivatives of a fatty acid. Polyoxyethylene 40 monostearate is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule. Polyoxyethylene 40 monostearate has been primarily detected in urine. Within the cell, polyoxyethylene 40 monostearate is primarily located in the membrane (predicted from logP) and cytoplasm. A sample work-up method for gas chromatographic profiling of polyethylene glycol related cmpd in pharmaceutical matrixes is described. After a short sample clean-up, carbon-oxygen linkages were partially cleaved with 0.07/M BBr3 in CH2Cl2 at room temp. The reaction was stopped after 1 min by addn of 0.01M hydrochloric acid. The products were trimethylsilylated and injected onto a WCOT 50 m X 0.25 mm CP-SIL 5 CB fused silica column. Eleven model cmpd, representing 4 common types of polyethylene glycol deriv, were evaluated by this method. Characteristic profiles can be obtained from polyethylene glycol deriv carrying different functional groups. Minimum detectable amt are in the range of 200 ug. Polyoxyl 40 Stearate is used in cosmetics and beauty products primarily as a surfactant and emulsifier. It occurs naturally as a white, waxy or flaky substance, according to The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. CosmeticsInfo.org notes that Polyoxyl 40 Stearate, as part of the PEG Stearate group, are formed from a naturally fatty acid known as Stearic Acid. The PEG Sterates are used in cosmetics and skin care formulas because they can "clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away. Polyethylene glycol (PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate); /ˌpɒliˈɛθəlˌiːn ˈɡlaɪˌkɒl, -ˌkɔːl/) is a polyether compound with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.[3] Contents 1 Uses of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) 1.1 Medical uses of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) 1.2 Chemical uses of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) 1.3 Biological uses of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) 1.4 Commercial uses of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) 1.5 Industrial uses of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) 1.6 Recreational uses of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) 2 Health effects of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) 3 Available forms and nomenclature of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) 4 Production of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) Uses of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) Medical uses of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is the basis of a number of laxatives.[4] Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is also used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products. When attached to various protein medications, polyethylene glycol allows a slowed clearance of the carried protein from the blood.[5] The possibility that PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) could be used to fuse axons is being explored by researchers studying peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury.[4] Chemical uses of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) The remains of the 16th century carrack Mary Rose undergoing conservation treatment with PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) in the 1980s Terra cotta warrior, showing traces of original color Because PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is a hydrophilic molecule, it has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies.[6] Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.[7] The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments.[8] Since PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures (on the order of tens of atmospheres). It also is unlikely to have specific interactions with biological chemicals. These properties make PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemistry and biomembranes experiments, in particular when using the osmotic stress technique. Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) has also been used to preserve objects that have been salvaged from underwater, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm,[9] and similar cases. It replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.[4] In addition, PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.[10] PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terracotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China.[11] These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang (first emperor of China) era. Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xi'an air. The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes. The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers.[12] PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to create some polymersomes.[13] PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) has also been used as a propellent on the UGM-133M Trident II Missile, in service with the United States Air Force.[14] Biological uses PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions.[6] PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization. X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas. César Milstein and Georges J. F. Köhler originated this technique, which they used for antibody production, winning a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984.[4] Polymer segments derived from PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions. In microbiology, PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) precipitation is used to concentrate viruses. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro. Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) can be PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)-coated to shield them from inactivation by the immune system and to de-target them from organs where they may build up and have a toxic effect.[15] The size of the PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) polymer has been shown to be important, with larger polymers achieving the best immune protection. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is a component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) used to package siRNA for use in vivo.[16][17] In blood banking, PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is used as a potentiator to enhance detection of antigens and antibodies.[4][18] When working with phenol in a laboratory situation, PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) 300 can be used on phenol skin burns to deactivate any residual phenol (some references are required). In biophysics, polyethylene glycols are the molecules of choice for the functioning ion channels diameter studies, because in aqueous solutions they have a spherical shape and can block ion channel conductance.[19][20] Commercial uses of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is the basis of many skin creams (as cetomacrogol) and personal lubricants (frequently combined with glycerin). PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is used in a number of toothpastes[4] as a dispersant. In this application, it binds water and helps keep xanthan gum uniformly distributed throughout the toothpaste. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is also under investigation for use in body armor, and in tattoos to monitor diabetes.[21][22] In low-molecular-weight formulations (e.g. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) 400), it is used in Hewlett-Packard designjet printers as an ink solvent and lubricant for the print heads. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is also used as an anti-foaming agent in food and drinks[23] – its INS number is 1521[24] or E1521 in the EU.[25] Industrial uses of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) A nitrate ester-plasticized polyethylene glycol (NEPE-75) is used in Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missile solid rocket fuel.[26] Dimethyl ethers of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) are the key ingredient of Selexol, a solvent used by coal-burning, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the gas waste stream. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) has been used as the gate insulator in an electric double-layer transistor to induce superconductivity in an insulator.[27] PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is also used as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes. Although not yet in commercial production, many groups around the globe are engaged in research on solid polymer electrolytes involving PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate), with the aim of improving their properties, and in permitting their use in batteries, electro-chromic display systems, and other products in the future. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is injected into industrial processes to reduce foaming in separation equipment. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is used as a binder in the preparation of technical ceramics.[28] Recreational uses of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is used to extend the size and durability of very large soap bubbles. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is the main ingredient in many personal lubricants. Health effects of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is considered biologically inert and safe by the FDA. However, a growing body of evidence shows the existence of anti PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) antibodies in approximately 72% of the population based on plasma samples from 1990–1999.[medical citation needed] The FDA has been asked to investigate the possible effects of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) in laxatives for children.[29] Due to its ubiquity in a multitude of products and the large percentage of the population with antibodies to PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate), hypersensitive reactions to PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) are an increasing concern.[medical citation needed] Allergy to PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is usually discovered after a person has been diagnosed with an allergy to an increasing number of seemingly unrelated products, including processed foods, cosmetics, drugs, and other substances that contain PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) or were manufactured with PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate).[30] When PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is chemically attached to therapeutic molecules (such as protein drugs or nanoparticles), it can sometimes be antigenic, stimulating an anti-PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) antibody response in some patients. This effect has only been shown for a few of the many available PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)ylated therapeutics, but it has significant effects on clinical outcomes of affected patients.[31] Other than these few instances where patients have anti-PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) immune responses, it is generally considered to be a safe component of drug formulations. Available forms and nomenclature of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate), PEO, and POE refer to an oligomer or polymer of ethylene oxide. The three names are chemically synonymous, but historically PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is preferred in the biomedical field, whereas PEO is more prevalent in the field of polymer chemistry. Because different applications require different polymer chain lengths, PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) has tended to refer to oligomers and polymers with a molecular mass below 20,000 g/mol, PEO to polymers with a molecular mass above 20,000 g/mol, and POE to a polymer of any molecular mass.[32] PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)s are prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide and are commercially available over a wide range of molecular weights from 300 g/mol to 10,000,000 g/mol.[33] PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) and PEO are liquids or low-melting solids, depending on their molecular weights. While PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) and PEO with different molecular weights find use in different applications, and have different physical properties (e.g. viscosity) due to chain length effects, their chemical properties are nearly identical. Different forms of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) are also available, depending on the initiator used for the polymerization process – the most common initiator is a monofunctional methyl ether PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate), or methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), abbreviated mPEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate). Lower-molecular-weight PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)s are also available as purer oligomers, referred to as monodisperse, uniform, or discrete. Very high purity PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) has recently been shown to be crystalline, allowing determination of a crystal structure by x-ray diffraction.[33] Since purification and separation of pure oligomers is difficult, the price for this type of quality is often 10–1000 fold that of polydisperse PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate). PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)s are also available with different geometries. Branched PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)s have three to ten PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) chains emanating from a central core group. Star PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)s have 10 to 100 PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) chains emanating from a central core group. Comb PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)s have multiple PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) chains normally grafted onto a polymer backbone. The numbers that are often included in the names of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)s indicate their average molecular weights (e.g. a PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) with n = 9 would have an average molecular weight of approximately 400 daltons, and would be labeled PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) 400.) Most PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)s include molecules with a distribution of molecular weights (i.e. they are polydisperse). The size distribution can be characterized statistically by its weight average molecular weight (Mw) and its number average molecular weight (Mn), the ratio of which is called the polydispersity index (Mw/Mn). Mw and Mn can be measured by mass spectrometry. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)ylation is the act of covalently coupling a PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) structure to another larger molecule, for example, a therapeutic protein, which is then referred to as a PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)ylated protein. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)ylated interferon alfa-2a or −2b are commonly used injectable treatments for hepatitis C infection. PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, benzene, and dichloromethane, and is insoluble in diethyl ether and hexane. It is coupled to hydrophobic molecules to produce non-ionic surfactants.[34] PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)s potentially contain toxic impurities, such as ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane.[35] Ethylene Glycol and its ethers are nephrotoxic if applied to damaged skin.[36] Polyethylene oxide (PEO, Mw 4 kDa) nanometric crystallites (4 nm) Polyethylene glycol (PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)) and related polymers (PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) phospholipid constructs) are often sonicated when used in biomedical applications. However, as reported by Murali et al., PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) is very sensitive to sonolytic degradation and PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) degradation products can be toxic to mammalian cells. It is, thus, imperative to assess potential PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) degradation to ensure that the final material does not contain undocumented contaminants that can introduce artifacts into experimental results.[37] PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)s and methoxypolyethylene glycols are manufactured by Dow Chemical under the tradename Carbowax for industrial use, and Carbowax Sentry for food and pharmaceutical use. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid, depending on the molecular weight, as indicated by a number following the name. They are used commercially in numerous applications, including as surfactants, in foods, in cosmetics, in pharmaceutics, in biomedicine, as dispersing agents, as solvents, in ointments, in suppository bases, as tablet excipients, and as laxatives. Some specific groups are lauromacrogols, nonoxynols, octoxynols, and poloxamers. Macrogol, used as a laxative, is a form of polyethylene glycol. The name may be followed by a number which represents the average molecular weight (e.g. macrogol 3350, macrogol 4000 or macrogol 6000). Production of PEG 40 STEARATE (POLYOXYETHYLENE 40 STEARATE) (Polioksietilen 40 stearat) (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) Polyethylene glycol 40, pharmaceutical quality Polyethylene glyco

SYNONYMS polyglycol distearate;Oxyethylenated stearyl alcohol; POE distearate; POE distearate ether; Polyoxyethylene distearyl ether; Poly(oxyethylene) distearate; Polyethylene glycol dioctadecyl ether; CAS NO:9005-08-7

PEG 400 Monostearate is a white solid.
PEG 400 Monostearate is an ingredient used in cosmetics and beauty products primarily as a surfactant and emulsifier.


CAS Number: 9004-99-3
EC Number: 618-405-1
MDL Number: MFCD00148007
Chemical Formula: C20H40O3 / HO(CH2CH2O)nOCC17H35
Molecular Formula: C20H40O3



Polyoxyethylene stearate,Polyoxyl stearate, PEG-8 Stearate, Myrj 45, Polyoxyethylene Monostearate ester, POE(9) Monostearate, PEG 400 monostearate, PEG400 monostearate, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(1-oxooctadecyl)-.omega.-hydroxy-, Myrj* 45, PEG-8 Stearate, PEG 400 Monostearate, Unipeg 400M, JEEN T/N: Jeemate 400-DPS, PEG-8 Stearate, Polyglycol monostearate, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-(1-oxooctadecyl)-ω-hydroxy-, Glycols,polyethylene,monostearate, Stearic acid,monoester with polyethylene glycol, Nonex 28, Nonex 29, PEG 42, Myrj 45, Myrj 49, Myrj 51, Myrj 52, Myrj 53, Nonex 53, Nonex 54, Nonex 63, X 489R, S 541, S 1012, S 1054, S 1116, Atlox 5000, Cerasynt M, Cerasynt MN, Cithrol PS, Clearate G, Crill 20, Emcol H 35A, Empilan CP 100, Empilan CQ 100, Kessco X 211, Lactine, Lipal 15S, Macrogol stearate 400, PEG 600 monostearate, PEG 1000 monostearate, Perphinol 45/100, Polyethylene glycol 200 monostearate, Polyethylene glycol 4000 monostearate, Polyethylene glycol 300 monostearate, Polyethylene glycol monostearate, Polyethylene glycol 400 monostearate, Polyethylene glycol 400 stearate, Polyethylene glycol 1540 stearate, Polyethylene glycol 3000 monostearate, Polystate, Prodhybase P, Prodhybase 4000, Soromin SG, Stabilisant Delta 118, Ethofat 60/25, Polystate B, Poly(oxyethylene) stearate, Polyethylene glycol stearate, Myrj 52S, Stearox 6, Myrj, Myrj 59, Nikkol MYS 45, PEG stearate, Stearic acid-ethylene oxide adduct, Ethofat 60/20, Ethofat 60/15, Polyethylene oxide monostearate, S 1004, S 1016, S 1042, Carbowax 1000 monostearate, Carbowax 1500 monostearate, Poly(ethyleneoxy)monostearate, Poly(oxyethylene) monostearate, Nonion S 15, Polyethylene glycol 40 monostearate, LX 3, Poly(oxyethylene) stearic acid ester, PEG 600MS, PEG 100MS, PEG 1000MS, Cithrol 10MS, Nissan Nonion S 15, Emery 15393, Nikkol MYS 40, 8035-96-9, 8050-55-3, 9009-90-9, 11107-94-1, 11108-48-8, 35885-17-7, 39404-30-3, 42610-76-4, 52504-21-9, 52504-22-0, 52504-23-1, 53228-13-0, 53335-42-5, 55247-85-3, 58375-39-6, 63654-37-5, 72993-78-3, 74870-86-3, 86473-52-1, 121340-91-8, 123543-87-3, 939018-14-1, 1436689-96-1, 1887122-60-2, 1887123-58-1, 2143941-58-4, Ethylene glycol monostearate, 2-Hydroxyethyl stearate, Glycol stearate, 9004-99-3, 111-60-4, 2-Hydroxyethyl octadecanoate, Cremophor A, Glycol monostearate, Monthybase, Parastarin, Monthyle, Sedetol, Ivorit, Prodhybase ethyl, Prodhybas N, Cerasynt M, Clearate G, Cerasynt MN, Cithrol PS, Clindrol SEG, OCTADECANOIC ACID, 2-HYDROXYETHYL ESTER, Lipo EGMS, PEG-8 Stearate, Cithrol 10MS, PEG-40 stearate, Lactine, Cerasynt 660, Myrj, Tego-stearate, Akyporox S 100, Prodhybase P, PEG stearate, Emerest 2350, Emerest 2640, Empilan 2848, Lamacit CA, Soromin-SG, Emanon 3113, Myrj 45, Stearoks 6, Stearoxa-6, Nikkol MYS, Ethylene glycol stearate, Pegosperse S 9, Stearox 6, Emcol H 35-A, Arosurf 1855E40, Stenol 8, Prodhybase 4000, Stearoks 920, Nikkol MYS 4, Nonion S 2, Nonion S 4, Nissan Nonion S-2, Stearox 920, Lipal 15S, Nonex 28, Nonex 29, Nonex 36, Nonex 53, Nonex 54, Nonex 63, PEG-150 stearate, Lipo-Peg 4-S, Nikkol MYS 40, Nikkol MYS 45, Nikkol MYS-25, Nonion S 15, Trydet SA 40, Empilan CP-100, Empilan CQ-100, Nissan Nonion S 15, Myrj 52S, Kessco X-211, Emunon 3115, Ethofat 60/15, Ethofat 60/20, Ethofat 60/25, Myrj 51, Myrj 53, Perphinol 45/100, Lipal 400-S, STEARIC ACID, 2-HYDROXYETHYL ESTER, Tegin G, Ionet MS-1000, Emery 15393, Glycol stearate SE, USAF KE-11, Ethylene glycol, monostearate, MYRJ 49, MYRJ 52, PEG 100MS PEG 600MS, Myrj 59, Stearic acid, monoester with ethylene glycol, Ethylene glycol monostearate SE, Glycol monostearate SE, Macrogol ester (INN), S 151, Myrj 52 (TN), 86418-55-5, DTXSID5026881, NSC31811, 0324G66D0E, NCGC00188435-01, Trydet SA series, PEG-10 Stearate, Slovasol MKS 16, Usaf ke-9, Emulphor VT-650, Usaf ke-12, Usaf ke-14, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-(1-oxooctadecyl)-w-hydroxy-, Magi 45, Emanon 3199, Stabilisant delta-118, PMS No. 1, PMS No. 2, LX 3, MYS 40, MYS 45, PEG 1000MS, PEG 42, UNII-6YLY96TQL6, X-489-R, Macrogol ester, S 541, Schercemol EGMS, Alkamuls SEG, Ablunol EGMS, S 1004, S 1012, S 1054, S 1116, Alkamuls EGMS/C, PEG40 stearate, EINECS 203-886-9, Pegosperse 50 MS, MFCD00051465, Glycols, monostearate, BRN 1794033, Cerasynt M (Salt/Mix), ethyleneglycol monostearate, Cerasynt MN (Salt/Mix), Peg 2000 ms, Stabilisant .delta.-118, 6YLY96TQL6, SCHEMBL10412, GLYCOL STEARATE [II], Crill 20,22,23, GLYCOL STEARATE [INCI], n inverted exclamation markO10, DTXCID006881, GLYCOL STEARATE [VANDF], CHEMBL2355383, UNII-0324G66D0E, CHEBI:32027, CHEBI:167626, 17-Hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaheptadec-1-yl octadecanoate, Crill 20,21,22, 23, Tox21_113036, NSC-31811, AKOS015843173, octadecanoic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester, BS-48654, CAS-111-60-4, CS-0440899, ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOSTEARATE [WHO-DD], FT-0626337, N,N-BIS-(1-PHENYL-ETHYL)-MALONAMIDE, NS00007971, D01542, F71203, F71256, L001305, Q5572621, W-109413, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-(1-oxooctadecyl)-ω-hydroxy-, Glycols, polyethylene, monostearate, Stearic acid, monoester with polyethylene glycol, Nonex 28, Nonex 29, PEG 42, Myrj 45, Myrj 49, Myrj 51, Myrj 52, Myrj 53, Nonex 53, Nonex 54, Nonex 63, X 489R, S 541, S 1012, S 1054, S 1116, Atlox 5000, Cerasynt M, Cerasynt MN, Cithrol PS, Clearate G, Crill 20, Emcol H 35A, Empilan CP 100, Empilan CQ 100, Kessco X 211, Lactine, Lipal 15S, Macrogol stearate 400, PEG 600 monostearate, PEG 1000 monostearate, Perphinol 45/100, Polyethylene glycol 200 monostearate, Polyethylene glycol 4000 monostearate, Polyethylene glycol 300 monostearate, Polyethylene glycol monostearate, Polyethylene glycol 400 monostearate, Polyethylene glycol 400 stearate, Polyethylene glycol 1540 stearate, Polyethylene glycol 3000 monostearate, Polystate, Prodhybase P, Prodhybase 4000, Soromin SG, Stabilisant Delta 118, Ethofat 60/25, Polystate B, Poly(oxyethylene) stearate, Polyethylene glycol stearate, Myrj 52S, Stearox 6, Myrj, Myrj 59, Nikkol MYS 45, PEG stearate, Stearic acid-ethylene oxide adduct, Ethofat 60/20, Ethofat 60/15, Polyethylene oxide monostearate, S 1004, S 1016, S 1042, Carbowax 1000 monostearate, Carbowax 1500 monostearate, Poly(ethyleneoxy)monostearate, Poly(oxyethylene) monostearate, Nonion S 15, Polyethylene glycol 40 monostearate, LX 3, Poly(oxyethylene) stearic acid ester, PEG 600MS, PEG 100MS, PEG 1000MS, Cithrol 10MS, Nissan Nonion S 15, Emery 15393, Nikkol MYS 40, Nikkol MYS 4, Nonex 36, Stearox 920, Nissan Nonion S 2, Ionet MS 1000, Lamacit CA, Nonion S 2, Nikkol MYS 25, Emanon 3115, PEG 40 Stearate, Pegosperse S 9, PEG 8 Stearate, PEG 150 Stearate, Cerasynt 660, Polyethylene glycol 100 monostearate, Emerest 2640, Polyoxyl 40 Stearate, Lipal 400S, Carbowax 4000 monostearate, 40S, 60S, Akyporox S 100, MYS 40, Emanon 3113, Trydet SA 40, Arosurf 1855E40, MYS 45, Nikkol MYS, Nissan Nonion S 4, Emanon 3199, Slovasol MKS 16, Cithrol 4MS, Simulsol M 59, Simulsol M 52, Simulsol M 49, Simulsol M 45, Simulsol M 51, Simulsol M 53, Simulsol M, Teric SF 15, Nikkol MYS 10, Teric SF, Ropol 24, Rokacet S 10, Crill 22, Crill 23, Crill 21, Polyoxyl 8 stearate, Varonic 1000MS, Polynon S 44, Varonic 1800MS, Cremofor 410R, Nikkol MYS 55, Nonion S 4, Verox S 12, Verox S 16, Verox S 18, G 2159, Tegester PEG, Emalex 804, Lipal 400MS, Polynon S 66, Eumulgin ST 8, Nissan Nonion S 15.4, Nonion s 15.4, Emanon 3119, Nissan Nonion S 40, Nissan Nonion S 10, Rokacet S 17, Monestriol 104, Monestriol 102, Nissan Nonion S 30, MYS 4, Alkasurf S 65-8, Polyethoxy-50-stearate, Polyethoxylated monostearate, Cremophor 410R, Ionet MS 400, Crodet S 24, Crodet S, Nonion S 6, Nissan Nonion S 6, Pegosperse 100S, Pegosperse 50MS, Lipopeg 100S, Lipopeg 39S, Lipopeg 4S, MYS 2, MYS 10, Cremophor S 9, Mapeg S 40K, Chemax E 400MS, Hodag 150S, Polyethylene glycol monostearic acid ester, Nonio-light S 100, Nikkol MYS 2, PEG-40M, Nikkol MYS 1EX, SG 6 (surfactant), SG 6, Capcure 65, Stearic acid-ethylene oxide condensate, Octadecanoic acid-oxirane copolymer, Oxirane-octadecanoic acid copolymer, Oxirane-stearic acid copolymer, Mapeg 600MS, Pegosperse 400MS, Witconol 2711, Crodet S 100, Unipeg 200MS, Ethoxylated stearic acid, SDH 4E, Emerest 2662, 40S (polyether), 60S (polyether), Mapeg 400MS, Ionet MS 600, Pegnol 14S, Chemax E 1750MS, Emanon 3170, Rokacet S 2, Rokacet S 8, Rokacet S 24, Serdox NSG 600, Serdox NSG 200, Serdox NSG 400, YMS 2, Emerest 2715, Macrogol stearate, Emalex 6300M-ST, Nonion S 40, Nonion S 10, Leveler 528, Myrj 52P, Myrj 49P, Marlosol 1820, Cerasynt 840, Kessco PEG 6000MS, Myrj 59FL, S 40, Lanoxide 52, Lanoxide 59, MYS 25, Kessco PEG 1540MS, E 430, Myrj 53P, Emalex 830, Nikkol MYS 40V, Myrj 59P, Nikkol MYS 45MV, Nikkol MYS 10V, Pegosperse 600MS, Blaunon S 1000A, Emalex 810, Polyoxyl stearate, Blaunon S 300A, Hydrine, Nikkol MYS 25V, Estol 3723, Tego Acid S 100P, Simulsol 59, Emalex 400B, Atlas G 2147, Atlas G 2154, Atlas G 2159, Emulgen 3199, Pionin D 2405A, Crodet S 40LD, Nikkol MYS 40MV, Nikkol MYS 55V, Emalex 840, Emalex 820, Emanon 3199V, Koremul SA 9, MYS 40MV, Crodet S 40, Myrj S 40, Myrj S 50, Myrj S 100, Myrj S 20, Myrj 56, Emanon 3199B, Myrj S 8SO, Standapol 2662, PEG monostearate, Myrj 30, Myrj 35, Pegosperse 1500MS, Emalex 805, G 2151, Nikkol MYS 45V, Myrj 40, SA 9, Emanon 3119V, PEG 75 stearate, PEG 400 monoester with stearic acid, Lasemul 4000, S 20, MYS 25V, SG 50 (polyoxyalkylene), Hallstar 4400, EE 400, MYRJ-S 40FL-TH, MYS 10V, Emalex 8100, Nikkol MYS 2V, Nikkol MYS 55MV, Ritox 52, BS 1000G, Sympatens BS 1000G, Cithrol 6MS, Emanon 3199VB, MYS 4V, SG 30, SG 15, SG 25, Myrj S 8, E 1750MS/FLK, SG 12,



PEG 400 Monostearate is a polyether compound that is used in a wide variety of fields including pharmaceutical manufacturing as an excipient.
PEG 400 Monostearate is a white solid.
PEG 400 Monostearate is an octadecanoate ester composed of repeating 8-40 ethyleneoxy units.


PEG 400 Monostearate is an ingredient used in cosmetics and beauty products primarily as a surfactant and emulsifier.
PEG 400 Monostearate has a role as a nonionic surfactant, an emulsifier and a food emulsifier.
PEG 400 Monostearate is a hydroxypolyether and an octadecanoate ester.


PEG 400 Monostearate is a surfactant that functions as an emulsifier, dispersing agent, and wetting agent.
PEG 400 Monostearate is soluble in a variety of organic solvents and is dispersed in water, with emulsifying, solubilizing, wetting and softening properties.


PEGs of all sizes may penetrate through injured skin with compromised barrier function.
Unlike typical PEGs, (whose identifying number corresponds to their molecular weight) the numerical value of each PEG Stearate corresponds to the average number of ethylene oxide monomers in the polyethylene chain (from 2 - 150).
Skin penetration enhancing effects have been shown with PEG-2 and PEG-9 stearate.


This penetration-enhancing effect is important for three reasons:
*If your skin care product contains a bunch of other undesirable ingredients, PEGs will make it easier for them to get down deep into your skin.
*By altering the surface tension of the skin, PEGs may upset the natural moisture balance.
*PEGs are not always pure, but often come contaminated with a host of toxic impurities.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PEG 400 MONOSTEARATE:
Due to its low toxicity PEG 400 Monostearate can be used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments, a reagent in biochemistry to create very high osmotic pressures, a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography and as a binder.
PEG 400 Monostearate is a polyether compound that is used in a wide variety of fields including pharmaceutical manufacturing as an excipient.


PEG 400 Monostearate is used in personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices.
PEG 400 Monostearate has been shown to be effective in the treatment of allergic symptoms and eye disorders caused by glycols.
The analytical method for measuring PEG 400 Monostearate involves metal hydroxides such as copper(II) hydroxide. Polyoxyethylene stearate has also been shown to have anti-infective properties in wastewater treatment systems.


PEG 400 Monostearate has been found to be toxic when given orally or injected into laboratory animals; however, it does not cause irritation at low concentrations when applied to the skin.
PEG 400 Monostearate is used as a surfactant, emulsifier (cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textile finishes, defoamers, and baked goods), dye assistant, lubricant, and antistatic agent.


PEG 400 Monostearate is also used in dentifrice compositions and to make creams, lotions, ointments, and pharmaceutical preparations.
PEG 400 Monostearate is used as emulsifier, softener and lubricant in textile industry.
PEG 400 Monostearate is used as detergent, lubricant and brightener in cosmetics and metal processing industry.


PEG 400 Monostearate is used as thickener and stabilizer for paper starch coating in paper industry.
PEG 400 Monostearate is used as a water Dispersing paper sizing agent and softening agent.


PEG 400 Monostearate is used as an emulsifier for liquid medicine and emulsion medicine in the pharmaceutical industry.
PEG 400 Monostearate is also used as an emulsifier for oils and fats; grinding aid for paint and printing ink.



FUNCTION OF PEG 400 MONOSTEARATE:
Is an ester formed by the reaction of high purity stearic acid and PEG 400 Monostearate.
PEG 400 Monostearate is an emulsifier for oil-in-water emulsions and an auxiliary emulsifier for water-in-oil emulsions.
In shampoos, PEG 400 Monostearate is a hair conditioner and foam builder and known to improve cleansing action by preventing the redeposition of grease and dirt on the hair by a protective colloid effect.
PEG 400 Monostearate is also used in formulations of ointments, creams, lotions and suspensions.



STORAGE OF PEG 400 MONOSTEARATE:
Keep PEG 400 Monostearate container tightly closed.
Keep PEG 400 Monostearate container in a cool, well-ventilated area.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PEG 400 MONOSTEARATE:
Appearance Form: solid
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: 41 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
CAS: 9004-99-3
CAS Max %: 1
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 328.54
Hydroxyl Value: 80-100
Acid Value: 2
Molecular Formula: C20H40O3

InChI Key: RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxyethyl octadecanoate
Grade: Reagent
Moisture: 0.03
CAS: 9004-99-3
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 328.54
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxyethyl octadecanoate
Molecular Formula: C20H40O3
InChI Key: RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO
Spectra: Base Spectrum ID: EMoQTpYwnb
Name: POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL(400) MONOSTEARATE
Compound Type: Pure
Molecular Weight: ~700
Molecular Weight: 328.5 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C20H40O3
XLogP3: 7.8

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 19
Exact Mass: 328.29774513 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 328.29774513 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 23
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 241
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count: 1


CAS Number: 9004-99-3
Molecular Weight: 328.530
Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 438.4±18.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula: C20H40O3
Melting Point: 47ºC
Flash Point: 164.6±14.0 °C
Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 438.4±18.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 47ºC
Molecular Formula: C20H40O3
Molecular Weight: 328.530
Flash Point: 164.6±14.0 °C
Exact Mass: 328.297760
PSA: 46.53000
LogP: 7.85
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±2.4 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: 1.457



FIRST AID MEASURES of PEG 400 MONOSTEARATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PEG 400 MONOSTEARATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PEG 400 MONOSTEARATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PEG 400 MONOSTEARATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PEG 400 MONOSTEARATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PEG 400 MONOSTEARATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Oleic acid poly (oxyethylene) ester; PEG monooleate; POE monooleate; POE oleate; Polyethylene glycol monooleate Polyethylene glycol oleate; Polyethylene oxide monooleate; Poly (ethylene oxide) oleate; Polyglycol monooleate; Poly (oxyethylene) monooleate Poly (oxyethylene) oleate; Poly (oxyethylene) oleic acid ester; CAS NO: 9004-96-0

PEG 4000 Polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000; /ˌpɒliˈɛθəlˌiːn ˈɡlaɪˌkɒl, -ˌkɔːl/) is a polyether compound with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG 4000 is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG 4000 is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH. Uses of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000 Medical uses of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) Main article: Macrogol PEG 4000 is the basis of a number of laxatives.[4] Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy. PEG 4000 is also used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products. When attached to various protein medications, polyethylene glycol allows a slowed clearance of the carried protein from the blood.[5] The possibility that PEG 4000 could be used to fuse axons is being explored by researchers studying peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury.[4] Chemical uses of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) The remains of the 16th century carrack Mary Rose undergoing conservation treatment with PEG 4000 in the 1980s Terra cotta warrior, showing traces of original color Because PEG 4000 is a hydrophilic molecule, it has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies.[6] Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.[7] The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments.[8] Since PEG 4000 is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures (on the order of tens of atmospheres). It also is unlikely to have specific interactions with biological chemicals. These properties make PEG 4000 one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemistry and biomembranes experiments, in particular when using the osmotic stress technique. Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers. PEG 4000 has also been used to preserve objects that have been salvaged from underwater, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm,[9] and similar cases. It replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.[4] In addition, PEG 4000 is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.[10] PEG 4000 has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terracotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China.[11] These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang (first emperor of China) era. Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xi'an air. The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes. The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a PEG 4000 preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers.[12] PEG 4000 is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning. PEG 4000 derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants. PEG 4000 has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to create some polymersomes.[13] PEG 4000 has also been used as a propellent on the UGM-133M Trident II Missile, in service with the United States Air Force.[14] Biological uses PEG 4000 is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions.[6] PEG 4000 is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization. X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins. PEG 4000 is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas. Polymer segments derived from PEG 4000 polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions. In microbiology, PEG 4000 precipitation is used to concentrate viruses. PEG 4000 is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro. Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) can be PEG 4000-coated to shield them from inactivation by the immune system and to de-target them from organs where they may build up and have a toxic effect.[15] The size of the PEG 4000 polymer has been shown to be important, with larger polymers achieving the best immune protection. PEG 4000 is a component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) used to package siRNA for use in vivo. In blood banking, PEG 4000 is used as a potentiator to enhance detection of antigens and antibodies. When working with phenol in a laboratory situation, PEG 4000 300 can be used on phenol skin burns to deactivate any residual phenol (some references are required). In biophysics, polyethylene glycols are the molecules of choice for the functioning ion channels diameter studies, because in aqueous solutions they have a spherical shape and can block ion channel conductance. Commercial uses PEG 4000 is the basis of many skin creams (as cetomacrogol) and personal lubricants (frequently combined with glycerin). PEG 4000 is used in a number of toothpastes[4] as a dispersant. In this application, it binds water and helps keep xanthan gum uniformly distributed throughout the toothpaste. PEG 4000 is also under investigation for use in body armor, and in tattoos to monitor diabetes. In low-molecular-weight formulations (e.g. PEG 4000 400), it is used in Hewlett-Packard designjet printers as an ink solvent and lubricant for the print heads. PEG 4000 is also used as an anti-foaming agent in food and drinks[23] – its INS number is 1521 or E1521 in the EU. Industrial uses A nitrate ester-plasticized polyethylene glycol (NEPE-75) is used in Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missile solid rocket fuel.[26] Dimethyl ethers of PEG 4000 are the key ingredient of Selexol, a solvent used by coal-burning, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the gas waste stream. PEG 4000 has been used as the gate insulator in an electric double-layer transistor to induce superconductivity in an insulator.[27] PEG 4000 is also used as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes. Although not yet in commercial production, many groups around the globe are engaged in research on solid polymer electrolytes involving PEG 4000, with the aim of improving their properties, and in permitting their use in batteries, electro-chromic display systems, and other products in the future. PEG 4000 is injected into industrial processes to reduce foaming in separation equipment. PEG 4000 is used as a binder in the preparation of technical ceramics.[28] Recreational uses PEG 4000 is used to extend the size and durability of very large soap bubbles. PEG 4000 is the main ingredient in many personal lubricants. Health effects PEG 4000 is considered biologically inert and safe by the FDA. However, a growing body of evidence shows the existence of anti PEG 4000 antibodies in approximately 72% of the population based on plasma samples from 1990–1999.[medical citation needed] The FDA has been asked to investigate the possible effects of PEG 4000 in laxatives for children.[29] Due to its ubiquity in a multitude of products and the large percentage of the population with antibodies to PEG 4000, hypersensitive reactions to PEG 4000 are an increasing concern.[medical citation needed] Allergy to PEG 4000 is usually discovered after a person has been diagnosed with an allergy to an increasing number of seemingly unrelated products, including processed foods, cosmetics, drugs, and other substances that contain PEG 4000 or were manufactured with PEG 4000.[30] When PEG 4000 is chemically attached to therapeutic molecules (such as protein drugs or nanoparticles), it can sometimes be antigenic, stimulating an anti-PEG 4000 antibody response in some patients. This effect has only been shown for a few of the many available PEG 4000 therapeutics, but it has significant effects on clinical outcomes of affected patients.[31] Other than these few instances where patients have anti-PEG 4000 immune responses, it is generally considered to be a safe component of drug formulations. Available forms and nomenclature PEG 4000, PEO, and POE refer to an oligomer or polymer of ethylene oxide. The three names are chemically synonymous, but historically PEG 4000 is preferred in the biomedical field, whereas PEO is more prevalent in the field of polymer chemistry. Because different applications require different polymer chain lengths, PEG 4000 has tended to refer to oligomers and polymers with a molecular mass below 20,000 g/mol, PEO to polymers with a molecular mass above 20,000 g/mol, and POE to a polymer of any molecular mass.[32] PEG 4000s are prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide and are commercially available over a wide range of molecular weights from 300 g/mol to 10,000,000 g/mol.[33] PEG 4000 and PEO are liquids or low-melting solids, depending on their molecular weights. While PEG 4000 and PEO with different molecular weights find use in different applications, and have different physical properties (e.g. viscosity) due to chain length effects, their chemical properties are nearly identical. Different forms of PEG 4000 are also available, depending on the initiator used for the polymerization process – the most common initiator is a monofunctional methyl ether PEG 4000, or methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), abbreviated mPEG 4000. Lower-molecular-weight PEG 4000s are also available as purer oligomers, referred to as monodisperse, uniform, or discrete. Very high purity PEG 4000 has recently been shown to be crystalline, allowing determination of a crystal structure by x-ray diffraction.[33] Since purification and separation of pure oligomers is difficult, the price for this type of quality is often 10–1000 fold that of polydisperse PEG 4000. PEG 4000s are also available with different geometries. Branched PEG 4000s have three to ten PEG 4000 chains emanating from a central core group. Star PEG 4000s have 10 to 100 PEG 4000 chains emanating from a central core group. Comb PEG 4000s have multiple PEG 4000 chains normally grafted onto a polymer backbone. The numbers that are often included in the names of PEG 4000s indicate their average molecular weights (e.g. a PEG 4000 with n = 9 would have an average molecular weight of approximately 400 daltons, and would be labeled PEG 4000 400.) Most PEG 4000s include molecules with a distribution of molecular weights (i.e. they are polydisperse). The size distribution can be characterized statistically by its weight average molecular weight (Mw) and its number average molecular weight (Mn), the ratio of which is called the polydispersity index (Mw/Mn). Mw and Mn can be measured by mass spectrometry. PEG 4000ylation is the act of covalently coupling a PEG 4000 structure to another larger molecule, for example, a therapeutic protein, which is then referred to as a PEG 4000 protein. PEG 4000 interferon alfa-2a or −2b are commonly used injectable treatments for hepatitis C infection. PEG 4000 is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, benzene, and dichloromethane, and is insoluble in diethyl ether and hexane. It is coupled to hydrophobic molecules to produce non-ionic surfactants.[34] PEG 4000s potentially contain toxic impurities, such as ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane.[35] Ethylene Glycol and its ethers are nephrotoxic if applied to damaged skin.[36] Polyethylene oxide (PEO, Mw 4 kDa) nanometric crystallites (4 nm) Polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) and related polymers (PEG 4000 phospholipid constructs) are often sonicated when used in biomedical applications. However, as reported by Murali et al., PEG 4000 is very sensitive to sonolytic degradation and PEG 4000 degradation products can be toxic to mammalian cells. It is, thus, imperative to assess potential PEG 4000 degradation to ensure that the final material does not contain undocumented contaminants that can introduce artifacts into experimental results.[37] PEG 4000s and methoxypolyethylene glycols are manufactured by Dow Chemical under the tradename Carbowax for industrial use, and Carbowax Sentry for food and pharmaceutical use. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid, depending on the molecular weight, as indicated by a number following the name. They are used commercially in numerous applications, including as surfactants, in foods, in cosmetics, in pharmaceutics, in biomedicine, as dispersing agents, as solvents, in ointments, in suppository bases, as tablet excipients, and as laxatives. Some specific groups are lauromacrogols, nonoxynols, octoxynols, and poloxamers. Macrogol, used as a laxative, is a form of polyethylene glycol. The name may be followed by a number which represents the average molecular weight. Production of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) Polyethylene glycol 400, pharmaceutical quality Polyethylene glycol 4000, pharmaceutical quality The production of polyethylene glycol was first reported in 1859. Both A. V. Lourenço and Charles Adolphe Wurtz independently isolated products that were polyethylene glycols.[38] Polyethylene glycol is produced by the interaction of ethylene oxide with water, ethylene glycol, or ethylene glycol oligomers.[39] The reaction is catalyzed by acidic or basic catalysts. Ethylene glycol and its oligomers are preferable as a starting material instead of water, because they allow the creation of polymers with a low polydispersity (narrow molecular weight distribution). Polymer chain length depends on the ratio of reactants. HOCH2CH2OH + n(CH2CH2O) → HO(CH2CH2O)n+1H Depending on the catalyst type, the mechanism of polymerization can be cationic or anionic. The anionic mechanism is preferable because it allows one to obtain PEG 4000 with a low polydispersity. Polymerization of ethylene oxide is an exothermic process. Overheating or contaminating ethylene oxide with catalysts such as alkalis or metal oxides can lead to runaway polymerization, which can end in an explosion after a few hours. Polyethylene oxide, or high-molecular weight polyethylene glycol, is synthesized by suspension polymerization. It is necessary to hold the growing polymer chain in solution in the course of the polycondensation process. The reaction is catalyzed by magnesium-, aluminium-, or calcium-organoelement compounds. To prevent coagulation of polymer chains from solution, chelating additives such as dimethylglyoxime are used. Alkaline catalysts such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) are used to prepare low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol. Polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) is a versatile polyether being utilized in various applications, in particular in medicine. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) is another name for PEG 4000. Typically, ethylene oxide macromolecules (Fig. 18.9) with molecular weights less than 20,000 g/mol are called PEG 4000, while those having values above 20,000 g/mol are named PEO. It is reported that PEG 4000 is soluble in water, ethanol, acetonitrile, benzene, and dichloromethane, while it is insoluble in diethyl ether and hexane. PEG 4000 is available in different structures such as branched, star, and comb-like macromolecules. PEG 4000ylation is an attractive process in which PEG 4000 is bonded to another molecule, which is promising in therapeutic methods. PEG 4000 can hinder the protein adsorption which is essential in drug delivery to minimize the protein corona formation [29]. Polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) is a hydrophilic polymer of ethylene oxide. The non-immunogenic, biocompatible and flexible nature of PEG 4000 makes it a suitable synthetic dressing material for wound healing. The low toxic PEG 4000 macromers are well bonded with growth factor like EGF and can be delivered at the wound site [98]. The mechanical stability of PEG 4000 can be enhanced by blending PEG 4000 with chitosan and PLGA. Blending also increases thermal stability and crystallinity of the particular polymer [99]. Such PEG 4000-based dressings have been widely used to treat a diabetic wound by promoting and inducing growth of skin cells and collagen deposition. It also reduces scar formation [100]. The injectable hybrid hydrogel dressing system is developed from PEG 4000-based hyperbranched multiacrylated co-polymer and HA in combination with adipose-derived stem cells to support the viability of cells in vitro and in vivo. It prevents wound contraction and enhances angiogenesis by acting as temporary hydrogel for wound healing purpose [101]. Hydrophilic Materials Based on Polyethylene Glycol Polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) is the most relevant antifouling polymer in biomedical devices. PEG 4000 antifouling properties are thought to be related to surface hydration and steric hindrance effects (Chen et al., 2010). PEG 4000 chains linked to a material surface assume a brush-like configuration at the water/surface interface, limiting the approach to the surface by bacteria. Compression of the highly hydrated layer of PEG 4000 chains is unfavorable because it would involve a reduction in PEG 4000 chain mobility and removal of water molecules. Surface packing density and polymer chain length can be used to control PEG 4000 antifouling properties (Roosjen et al., 2004). PEG 4000-functionalized PUs were developed by PEG 4000 introduction either in the polymer backbone (Corneillie et al., 1998) or polymer side chain (Francolini et al., 2019). Auto-oxidization in the presence of oxygen, metal ions, and enzymes able to oxidize PEG 4000 hydroxyl groups, however, may limit long-term effectiveness. Polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) is another important type of PCM for textile applications. The repeating unit in PEG 4000 is oxyethylene (–O–CH2–CH2–) containing hydroxyl group on either side of the chain. The melting point of PEG 4000 depends on its molecular weight and is proportional as the molecular weight increases. The phase-change temperature of PEG 4000 can be determined using DSC (Pielichowski and Flejtuch, 2002). PEG 4000 with degree of polymerization 1000 has phase-change temperature of 35°C, while PEG 4000 with degree of polymerization 20,000 has melting temperature of 63°C (Craig and Newton, 1991; Hopp et al., 2000). Jiang et al. (2016) synthesized a dual-functional magnetic microcapsules containing a PCM core and an organo-silica shell for the electromagnetic shielding and thermal regulating applications. Fig. 20.6 shows the resulting DSC curves where the areas under the peaks indicate the amount of latent heat contained using different organosilanes/PEG 4000 weight ratios. PEG 4000 is the basis of a number of laxatives.[3] Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy. PEG 4000 is also used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products. When attached to various protein medications, polyethylene glycol allows a slowed clearance of the carried protein from the blood.[4] The possibility that PEG 4000 could be used to fuse nerve cells is being explored by researchers studying spinal cord injury.[3] Chemical uses The remains of the 16th century carrack Mary Rose undergoing conservation treatment with PEG 4000 in the 1980s Terra cotta warrior, showing traces of original color Because PEG 4000 is a hydrophilic molecule, it has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies.[5] Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.[6] The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments.[7] Since PEG is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures (on the order of tens of atmospheres). It also is unlikely to have specific interactions with biological chemicals. These properties make PEG 4000 one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemistry and biomembranes experiments, in particular when using the osmotic stress technique. Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers. PEG 4000 has also been used to preserve objects that have been salvaged from underwater, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm,[8] and similar cases. It replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.[3] In addition, PEG 4000 is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.[9] PEG has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terracotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China.[10] These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang Di dynasty (first emperor of China). Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xian air. The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes. The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a PEG 4000 preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers.[11] PEG 4000 is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning. PEG 4000 derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants. PEG 4000 is a polyol and can be reacted with an isocyanate to make polyurethane. PEG 4000 has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to create some polymersomes.[12] Biological uses PEG 4000 is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions. PEG 4000 is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization. X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins. PEG is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas. César Milstein and Georges J. F. Köhler originated this technique, which they used for antibody production, winning a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984.[3] Polymer segments derived from PEG polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions. In microbiology, PEG 4000 precipitation is used to concentrate viruses. PEG is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro. Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) can be PEG-coated to shield them from inactivation by the immune system and to de-target them from organs where they may build up and have a toxic effect.[13] The size of the PEG polymer has been shown to be important, with larger polymers achieving the best immune protection. PEG is a component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) used to package siRNA for use in vivo. In blood banking, PEG is used as a potentiator to enhance detection of antigens and antibodies.[3][16] When working with phenol in a laboratory situation, PEG 300 can be used on phenol skin burns to deactivate any residual phenol. In biophysics, polyethylene glycols are the molecules of choice for the functioning ion channels diameter studies, because in aqueous solutions they have a spherical shape and can block ion channel conductance. What is Polyethyleneglycol? Polyethyleneglycol, or PEG 4000 for short, is a polyether consisting of a (-O-CH2-CH2-) backbone that is commonly used in many fields of academic research, industrial processing and commercial applications. PEG 4000s can also commonly be referred to as polyoxyethylene (POE) and polyethyleneoxide (PEO), but regardless of the name that is used, the simple structure of PEG 4000s (which consists of solely carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, see image below) affords safe compounds that are used throughout everyday life. Additionally, it is this simple structure that separates PEG 4000s from similar compounds like propylene glycol and polypropyleneglycol. The two aforementioned compounds (polyethyleneglycol vs. propylene glycol) are derivatives of propylene oxide, which, when polymerized, bestows a completely different set of physical characteristics to the compound as compared to PEG 4000. The method in which PEG 4000s are created allows for a wide variability in their physical attributes, allowing them to be utilized by many commercial markets. By controlling a PEG 4000’s size (i.e. molecular weight) and its size distribution, a wide variety of physical properties can be achieved, which sets Oxiteno’s line of PEG 4000 products, the 6000 powder series, apart from other name brands of polyethyleneglycols. Due to the vast number of product types offered 6000 powder products (click here for a full listing), many physical forms (liquids, pastes, solids, flakes, powder, etc.) and viscosities of PEG 4000s are available. It is the numerous attributes of PEG 4000s that allow for their inclusion in a vast array of applications, ranging from the pharmaceutical industry to cosmetic markets. While the structure of PEG 4000 is simple, it is this compound’s solubility in water is what makes it such a versatile additive to enhance many industrial applications. Because line of PEG 4000 products are non-toxic and hydrophilic (water-loving), these polymers are used in the home (i.e. to treat surfaces in cleaning agents made by cleaning chemicals manufacturers) as well as in the food production industry (to reduce the amount of foam during the processing of food products). PEG 4000s are generally considered to be biologically inert, making them safe to use throughout the medical and food-processing industries. What is Polyethyleneglycol Used For? Due to the variety of physical properties that can be achieved through PEG 4000 series, formulators in nearly all industries can benefit from this line of PEG 4000 products. A PEG 4000’s unique ability to enhance a dye’s solubility in aqueous formulations causes it to be used throughout the textile industry as dye carriers. PEG 4000s are also exceptional at retaining moisture in complex formulations, as well as to an applied surface, making them excellent humectants and anti-caking agents for cosmetic chemical suppliers and coatings chemical suppliers. This unique relationship with water is further exploited by many other markets as PEG 4000s can help to stabilize emulsions and act as water-miscible co-solvents for aqueous formulations. The food industry uses these compounds as additives to reduce the amount of foam during food processing. Additionally, PEG 4000s find themselves very useful in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to act as rheological modifiers, thus being used as excipients. New research techniques are increasingly incorporating PEG 4000 compounds via the use of ‘PEG 4000ylation’ onto protein and peptide therapeutics, thus improving their pharmacokinetics and leading to safer and more effective drugs1-2. Many of PEG 4000 series meet the requirements set forth by the National Formulary (NF) guidelines for safe preparation, manufacture and use of a variety of PEG 4000 compounds that can be used as excipients, botanicals and other similar products. Is Polyethyleneglycol Safe? PEG 4000s are generally considered to be a biologically inert substance, meaning that this class of oligomers and polymers are recognized to be safe for use in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. So, is polyethyleneglycol toxic? Due to the PEG 4000’s structure and its water solubility, these compounds are generally considered to be non-toxic, as studies of demonstrated their safety for use within the field of drug delivery1-2, for application to the skin in cosmetics3 and as additives in the food and vitamin processing industry4. Where applicable, line of PEG 4000s, 6000 powder, adhere to the guidelines for the manufacturing set forth by the National Formulary (NF). Having initially been established by the U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act of 1938, these guidelines are currently recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These manufacturing and production guidelines are annually reviewed, requiring to not only adhere to these strict standards, but maintain constant surveillance over the preparation of these non-toxic additives. Additionally, many of PEG 4000 products that are used in agricultural applications are safe for the environment and are on the Environmental Protection Agencies’ (EPA) inert ingredient list, meeting the requirements set forth in 40 CFR 180.910 and 40 CFR 180.930. This makes PEG 4000s attractive for agrochemical companies. Polyethylene Glycol · Adhesives · Agriculture · Ceramics · Chemical Intermediates · Cosmetics · Toiletries · Electroplating / Electropolishing · Food Processing · Household Products · Lubricants · Metal / Metal Fabrication · Paints & Coatings · Paper Industry · Pharmaceuticals · Printing · Rubber & Elastomers · Textiles · Wood Processing AVAILABLE FORMS AND NOMENCLATURE PEG 4000, PEO, and POE refer to an oligomer or polymer of ethylene oxide. The three names are chemically synonymous, but historically PEG 4000 is preferred in the biomedical field, whereas PEO is more prevalent in the field of polymer chemistry. Because different applications require different polymer chain lengths, PEG 4000 has tended to refer to oligomers and polymers with a molecular mass below 20,000 g/mol, PEO to polymers with a molecular mass above 20,000 g/mol, and POE to a polymer of any molecular mass PEG 4000s are prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide and are commercially available over a wide range of molecular weights from 300 g/mol to 10,000,000 g/mol.[ PEG 4000 and PEO are liquids or low-melting solids, depending on their molecular weights. While PEG 4000 and PEO with different molecular weights find use in different applications, and have different physical properties (e.g. viscosity) due to chain length effects, their chemical properties are nearly identical. Different forms of PEG 4000 are also available, depending on the initiator used for the polymerization process - the most common initiator is a monofunctional methyl ether PEG 4000, or methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), abbreviated mPEG 4000. Lower-molecular-weight PEG 4000s are also available as purer oligomers, referred to as monodisperse, uniform, or discrete. Very high purity PEG 4000 has recently been shown to be crystalline, allowing determination of a crystal structure by x-ray diffraction Since purification and separation of pure oligomers is difficult, the price for this type of quality is often 10-1000 fold that of polydisperse PEG 4000. PEG 4000s are also available with different geometries. The numbers that are often included in the names of PEG 4000s indicate their average molecular weights (e.g. a PEG 4000 with n = 9 would have an average molecular weight of approximately 400 daltons, and would be labeled PEG 4000 400.) Most PEG 4000s include molecules with a distribution of molecular weights (i.e. they are polydisperse). The size distribution can be characterized statistically by its weight average molecular weight (Mw) and its number average molecular weight (Mn), the ratio of which is called the polydispersity index(Mw/Mn). Mw and Mn can be measured by mass spectrometry. PEG 4000 is the act of covalently coupling a PEG 4000 structure to another larger molecule, for example, a therapeutic protein, which is then referred to as a PEG 4000 protein. PEG 4000 interferon alfa-2a or -2b are commonly used injectable treatments for hepatitis C infection. PEG 4000 is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, benzene, and dichloromethane, and is insoluble in diethyl ether and hexane. It is coupled to hydrophobic molecules

PEG 6 IUPAC Name decanoic acid;hexadecanoic acid;octadecanoic acid;octanoic acid;propane-1,2,3-triol PEG 6 InChI InChI=1S/C18H36O2.C16H32O2.C10H20O2.C8H16O2.C3H8O3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18;1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10(11)12;1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8(9)10;4-1-3(6)2-5/h2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18);2-9H2,1H3,(H,11,12);2-7H2,1H3,(H,9,10);3-6H,1-2H2 PEG 6 InChI Key NGPTYCZGBCGWBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N PEG 6 Canonical SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O.CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O.CCCCCCCC(=O)O.C(C(CO)O)O PEG 6 Molecular Formula C55H112O11 PEG 6 CAS 77944-79-7 PEG 6 Molecular Weight 949.5 g/mol PEG 6 Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 7 PEG 6 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 11 PEG 6 Rotatable Bond Count 46 PEG 6 Exact Mass 948.820464 g/mol PEG 6 Monoisotopic Mass 948.820464 g/mol PEG 6 Topological Polar Surface Area 210 Ų PEG 6 Heavy Atom Count 66 PEG 6 Formal Charge 0 PEG 6 Complexity 604 PEG 6 Isotope Atom Count 0 PEG 6 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 PEG 6 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 PEG 6 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 PEG 6 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 PEG 6 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 5 PEG 6 Compound Is Canonicalized Yes PEG 6 benefits PEG 6s are compounds made from naturally occurring fatty acids. It is a clear liquid and slightly sweet in taste. Along with their high fat content, texture and antioxidant qualities in triglycerides, they use them exclusively for soaps and skin care products. PEG 6 Emolyan Softeners are ingredients that soften your skin. Softeners work by trapping moisture in your skin and creating a protective layer to keep moisture out. PEG 6 is an effective skin softening agent. PEG 6 Dispersing agent Dispersants are parts of any chemical or organic compound that hold the ingredients together and stabilize them.Mixing other active ingredients, pigments or fragrances in a good dispersing agent prevents the ingredients from mixing together or sinking into the bottom of the mixture. The waxy and thick consistency of PEG 6s makes them an excellent dispersing agent. PEG 6 Solvent Solvents are ingredients that can dissolve or break down some ingredients or compounds. Ingredients are solvents based on how their molecules are constructed and shaped, and how they interact with other substances.PEG 6 can dissolve compounds designed to clump together. While some solvents have toxic components, PEG 6 does not carry these risks. PEG 6 Antioxidant Antioxidants work to neutralize the toxins you are exposed to every day in your environment. Antioxidants stop the chain reaction called oxidation that can age your skin and damage your body.PEG 6 is full of antioxidants that help protect your skin and make you feel younger. PEG 6 uses PEG 6 can be found in topical skin care products you use on and around your face. Used for: Extends the shelf life of these products,add a light and oil-free glow to your skin,increasing the antioxidants in the product. These products include: Moisturizing face creams,anti aging serums,sunscreens,eye creams. PEG 6 in cosmetics PEG 6 is a popular ingredient in makeup and other cosmetics. The ingredient distributes pigments evenly in a cosmetic formula without leaving your skin feeling sticky. This ingredient is often listed in these cosmetics: Lipstick,lip balm,Lip pencil,cream and liquid foundations,eyeliner. Is PEG 6 safe? PEG 6 carries very low toxicity, if available for topical use. The FDA states that it is generally considered safe in low amounts as a food additive. This means that consuming trace amounts that may be in your lipstick or lip balm is non-toxic.If you do not have a severe allergy to coconut oil, the risk of allergic reactions triggered by using PEG 6 is very low.There are some environmental concerns for PEG 6 use. We don't know enough about how it disperses in nature and whether it could ultimately pose a threat to wildlife. More research is needed to determine the safest ways to dispose of products containing PEG 6s. PEG 6 Take away Current research states that PEG 6 is safe for most people. Consuming small amounts as a food additive, sweetener or cosmetic product does not pose a risk to your health.Capric acid / PEG 6 is one of the cleanest ingredients you can find as a natural alternative to chemical ingredients.Everyone's skin reacts differently to different chemicals. Always be careful when using a new cosmetic product or face cream. PEG 6 is an ingredient used in soap and cosmetics. It is usually made by combining coconut oil with glycerin. This component is sometimes called capric triglyceride. Sometimes mistakenly fractionated is also called coconut oil.PEG 6 has been widely used for more than 50 years. It smoothes the skin and works as an antioxidant. It also binds other ingredients together and can work as a kind of preservative to make the active ingredients in cosmetics last longer.PEG 6 is valued as a more natural alternative to other synthetic chemicals found in topical skin products. Companies that claim their products to be "all natural" or "organic" often contain PEG 6.Although technically made from natural ingredients, the PEG 6 used in products is generally not found in nature. A chemical process separates the oily liquid so a "pure" version can be added to the products.It is low viscosity, softener and lubricant that does not feel greasy. It is widely used especially in "oil-free" products. It is a great advantage that it is not oxidized. It is an ideal solvent for active ingredients to be used in skin and hair care, as well as make-up products.Derived from coconut oil and glycerin, it’s considered an excellent emollient and skin-replenishing ingredient. It’s included in cosmetics due to its mix of fatty acids that skin can use to replenish its surface and resist moisture loss. PEG 6 can also function as a thickener, but its chief job is to moisturize and replenish skin. This ingredient’s value for skin is made greater by the fact that it’s considered gentle.PEG 6 is an oily liquid made from palm kernel or coconut oil. It is a mixed ester composed of caprylic and capric fatty acids attached to a glycerin backbone. PEG 6 are sometimes erroneously referred to as fractionated coconut oil, which is similar in composition but typically refers to coconut oil that has had its longer chain triglycerides removed. Chemically speaking, fats and oils are made up mostly of triglycerides whose fatty acids are chains ranging from 6–12 carbon atoms, in this case the ester is comprised of capric (10 carbon atoms) and caprylic (8 carbon atoms).PEG 6 creates a barrier on the skin's surface, which helps to reduce skin dryness by decreasing the loss of moisture. Its oily texture helps to thicken and provides a slipperiness, which helps make our lotions and natural strength deodorants easy to apply and leaves a non-greasy after-touch.PEG 6 are naturally occurring in coconut and palm kernel oils at lower levels but to make this pure ingredient, the oils are split and the specific fatty acid (capric acid and caprylic acid are isolated and recombined with the glycerin backbone to form the pure capric/caprylic triglyceride which is then further purified (bleached and deodorized) using clay, heat and steam. No other additives or processing aids are used.PEG 6 is a mixed ester composed of caprylic and capric fatty acids attached to a glycerin backbone. PEG 6 are sometimes erroneously referred to as fractionated coconut oil, which is similar in composition but typically refers to coconut oil that has had its longer chain triglycerides removed. Chemically speaking, fats and oils are made up mostly of triglycerides whose fatty acids are chains ranging from 6–12 carbon atoms, in this case the ester is comprised of capric (10 carbon atoms) and caprylic (8 carbon atoms).PEG 6 are a specialized esterification of Coconut Oil using just the Caprylic and Capric Fatty Acids, while Fractionated Coconut Oil is a, standard, distillation of Coconut Oil which results in a combination of all of the fatty acids, pulled through the distillation process. PEG 6 is non-greasy and light weight. It comes in the form of an oily liquid and mainly works as an emollient, dispersing agent and solvent.PEG 6 is a mixed triester derived from coconut oil and glycerine which comes in the form of an oily liquid, and is sometimes mistakenly referred to as fractionated coconut oil which shares a similar INCI name.It is usually used in skin care as an emollient, dispersing agent and solvent. As an emollient, it quickly penetrates the surface to condition the skin and hair, and provides a lightweight, non-greasy lubricating barrier. As a dispersing agent, it helps enhance the delivery of vitamins, pigments and active ingredients contained in a solution so that they become evenly spread and fully absorbed by the epidermis. It's oily texture thickens cosmetic formulas and provides a slipperiness, which in turn allows the easy spreadability of solutions and a smooth after-feel.Cosmetic formulators value this product for its lack of colour and odour, as well as for its stability. It has such great stability and resistance to oxidation that it has an almost indefinite shelf life.PEG 6 are a stable, oxidation-resistant esterification of plant origin. They are rapidly absorbed and are a good substitute for vegetable oils in emulsions. The product provides softness and suppleness and does not cause greasiness.They are also insoluble in water and are ideal as an additive for dry oils, emulsions, serums, creams targeted towards oily and impure skin and macerates in oil.PEG 6 – also known as MCT Oil – is a classic emollient derived from renewable natural raw materials. It is produced from vegetable Glycerine and fractionated vegetable Fatty Acids, mainly Caprylic and Capric Acids. MCT Oil is a clear and colourless liquid, neutral in odour and taste. It is fully saturated and therefore highly resistant to oxidation. Our production units, based in Germany and Malaysia, are backwards integrated into the feedstock and dedicated to the production of MCT Oils. PEG 6 is a clear liquid derived from coconut oil, which is an edible substance that comes from the coconut nut of the coconut palm tree. Coconut palms, cocos nucifera, grow around the world in lowland tropical and subtropical areas where annual precipitation is low.PEG 6 is a digestible ingredient used in hundreds of personal care and household products, such as baby wipes, lotion, makeup, deodorant, sunscreen, and hair-care items.We use PEG 6 in our products as a moisturizer. Palm oil is a common alternative, but it is an endangered resource. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review has deemed PEG 6 safe in cosmetic formulations, and the Food and Drug Administration has deemed PEG 6 as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) in food.[10] Whole Foods has deemed the ingredient acceptable in its body care quality standards.[11] Studies show that PEG 6 have very low toxicity to people and animals when eaten, injected, or put on the skin or eyes.[12] Studies also show PEG 6 is not a skin irritant.Caprylic triglyceride is the mixed triester of glycerin and caprylic and capric acids. It is made by first separating the fatty acids and the glycerol in coconut oil. This is done by hydrolyzing the coconut oil, which involves applying heat and pressure to the oil to split it apart. The acids then go through esterification to add back the glycerol. The resulting oil is called PEG 6. It has different properties from raw coconut oil.PEG 6 is produced by reacting coconut oil with glycerol through esterification. MCT Oil is not oil; it is an ester which primarily contains the Caprylic and Capric medium chain triglycerides present in the coconut oil. PEG 6 is a clear, colorless and virtually odorless liquid that dispenses quickly at room temperature as compared to its raw material coconut oil which is solid at room temperature. PEG 6 are commonly used in cosmetics as it absorbs rapidly into the skin and adds a smooth and dry oil feel to the skin. It is often used as an ingredient in cream, lotion, moisturizer, cleanser & face wash, serum, and others. PEG 6 developed around fifty years ago as an energy source for patients suffering from fat malabsorption syndrome which still finds applications in medical, nutritional products due to the purity and the unique attributes of PEG 6.

PEG 60 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil Details A castor oil derived, white, lard-like helper ingredient that is used as a solubilizer to put fragrances (those are oil loving things) into water-based products such as toners. Is peg 60 hydrogenated castor oil safe? Is PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil Safe In Skincare Products? PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is usually used in concentrations between 0,5% and 10%. In these small amounts, it's considered to be safe. What Is PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil? You’ve probably guessed it from the name. PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is derived from… well, castor oil. What does it look like? It’s a white, lard-like paste. Struggling to create an anti-aging skincare routine that really works? Download your FREE “Best Anti-Aging Skincare Routine” cheatsheet below to get started. What Does PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil Do In Skincare Products? PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil has three jobs in skincare products: Surfactant: That’s a fancy way of calling a cleansing agent. It helps water mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away, leaving skin and hair both clean and soft. Emulsifier: It allows the watery and oily parts of a formula to mix together, preventing the texture from separating into two layers. Solubizing agent: It helps other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent in which they wouldn’t normally dissolve. For example, it’s used to add fragrances (which typically dissolve in oils) into water-based products. Is hydrogenated castor oil good for your skin? This makes it easier for them to be washed away and lends this ingredient popularity in facial and body cleansers. As an occlusive agent, PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil creates a protective hydrating layer on the skin's surface, acting as a barrier against the loss of natural moisture. PEG-60 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL PEG-60 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL is classified as : Emulsifying Surfactant CAS Number 61788-85-0 COSING REF No: 77219 Chem/IUPAC Name: Castor oil (Ricinus communis), hydrogenated, ethoxylated (60 mol EO average molar ratio) PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil What Is It? PEG-8 Castor Oil, PEG-9 Castor Oil, PEG-10 Castor Oil, PEG-11 Castor Oil, PEG-15 Castor Oil, PEG-16 Castor Oil, PEG-20 Castor Oil, PEG-25 Castor Oil, PEG-26 Castor Oil, PEG-29 Castor Oil, PEG-44 Castor Oil, PEG-50 Castor Oil, PEG-54 Castor Oil, PEG-55 Castor Oil, PEG-60 Castor Oil, PEG-75 Castor Oil, PEG-80 Castor Oil, PEG-100 Castor Oil and PEG-200 Castor Oil are polyethylene glycol derivatives of castor oil. PEG-8 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-10 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-16 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-20 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-25 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-35 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-45 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-50 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-54 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-55 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-65 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-80 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-100 Hydrogenated Castor Oil and PEG-200 Hydrogenated Castor Oil are polyethylene glycol derivatives of hydrogenated castor oil. In cosmetics and personal care products, the PEG Castor Oil and PEG Hydrogenated Castor Oil ingredients are used in the formulation of a wide variety of products including bath products, aftershave lotions, skin care products, cleansing products, deodorants, fragrances, makeup, hair conditioners, shampoos, hair care products, personal cleanliness products, and nail polish and enamels. Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products? The following functions have been reported for the PEG Castor Oil and PEG Hydrogenated Castor Oil ingredients. Skin conditioning agent - emollient - PEG-8 Castor Oil, PEG-9 Castor Oil, PEG-10 Castor Oil, PEG-11 Castor Oil, PEG-15 Castor Oil, PEG-16 Castor Oil, PEG-8 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-10 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-16 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-65 Hydrogenated Castor Oil Surfactant - cleansing agent - PEG-10 Castor Oil, PEG-44 Castor Oil, PEG-50 Castor Oil, PEG-54 Castor Oil, PEG-55 Castor Oil, PEG-60 Castor Oil, PEG-80 Castor Oil, PEG-100 Castor Oil, PEG-200 Castor Oil, PEG-45 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-50 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-54 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-55 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-80 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-100 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-200 Hydrogenated Castor Oil Surfactant - emulsifying agent - PEG-8 Castor Oil, PEG-9 Castor Oil, PEG-10 Castor Oil, PEG-11 Castor Oil, PEG-15 Castor Oil, PEG-16 Castor Oil, PEG-20 Castor Oil, PEG-25 Castor Oil, PEG-26 Castor Oil, PEG-29 Castor Oil, PEG-8 Hydrogenated Castor Oil,PEG-10 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-16 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-20 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-25 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-35 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-65 Hydrogenated Castor Oil Surfactant - solubilizing agent - PEG-26 Castor Oil, PEG-29 Castor Oil, PEG-44 Castor Oil, PEG-50 Castor Oil, PEG-54 Castor Oil, PEG-55 Castor Oil, PEG-60 Castor Oil, PEG-75 Castor Oil, PEG-80 Castor Oil, PEG-100 Castor Oil, PEG-200 Castor Oil, PEG-35 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-45 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-50 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-54 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-55 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-80 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-100 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-200 Hydrogenated Castor Oil Scientific Facts: PEG Castor Oil and PEG Hydrogenated Castor Oil ingredients are produced from castor oil and hydrogenated castor oil, respectively. Castor oil is obtained by the cold pressing of seeds of the Ricinus communis plant followed by clarification of the oil by heat. PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil ALL ABOUT PEG 60 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL Content What is Peg 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil? How does Peg 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil Work?PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil SolubilityPEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil UsesPEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil Side Effects WHAT IS PEG 60 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OİL ? PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is the Polyethylene Glycol derivatives of Hydrogenated Castor Oil, and it functions as a surfactant, a solubilizer, an emulsifier, an emollient, a cleansing agent, and a fragrance ingredient when added to cosmetics or personal care product formulations. NDA’s PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is a semi-solid ingredient. HOW DOES PEG 60 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL WORK? PEG 60 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OİL is soluble in both water and oil and is traditionally used to emulsify and solubilize oil-in-water formulations. Its foam-enhancing properties make it ideal for use in liquid cleansers, and its soothing and softening emollient quality makes it a popular addition to formulations for moisturizers and hair care cosmetics. As a surfactant, PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil helps to decrease the surface tension between multiple liquids or between liquids and solids. Furthermore, it helps to remove the grease from oils and causes them to become suspended in the liquid. This makes it easier for them to be washed away and lends this ingredient popularity in facial and body cleansers. As an occlusive agent, PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil creates a protective hydrating layer on the skin’s surface, acting as a barrier against the loss of natural moisture. PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil SOLUBILITY When adding PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil to cosmetics formulations, it can be blended in its cold state directly into the oil phase at a suggested ratio of 3:1 (PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil to oil). Next, this can be added to the water phase. If the formula is cloudy, the amount of PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil may be increased for enhanced transparency. PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil USES PRODUCT TYPE & FUNCTION When added to this kind of formulation… Liquid Soap, Facial Cleanser, Bubble Bath, Shower Gel Face Cream, Lotion, Sunscreen Makeup, Face Mask, Skin Peel, Deodorant Shampoo, Conditioner EFFECTS PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil functions as a(n): Surfactant Solubilizer Emulsifier Emollient Cleansing Agent Fragrance Ingredient PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil helps to: Combine immiscible ingredients Gently cleanse and soothe the skin and scalp Create foam in cleansing products Offer a consistent thoroughly-blended feel to products Maintain product transparency and clarity Enhance spreadability of product on skin The recommended maximum dosage is 1-25% PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil SIDE EFFECTS As with all other New Directions Aromatics products, PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil Raw Material is for external use only. It is imperative to consult a medical practitioner before using this product for therapeutic purposes. Pregnant and nursing women as well as those with sensitive, irritated, broken, injured, or damaged skin are especially advised not to use PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil Raw Material without the medical advice of a physician. This product should always be stored in an area that is inaccessible to children, especially those under the age of 7. Prior to using PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil Raw Material, a skin test is recommended. This can be done by dissolving 1 tsp PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil Raw Material in 1 tsp of a preferred Carrier Oil and applying a dime-size amount of this blend to a small area of skin that is not sensitive. PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil must never be used near the inner nose and ears or on any other particularly sensitive areas of skin. Potential side effects of PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil include the itching, blistering, burning, and scaling of skin as well as hives. In the event of an allergic reaction, discontinue use of the product and see a doctor, pharmacist, or allergist immediately for a health assessment and appropriate remedial action. To prevent side effects, consult with a medical professional prior to use. IMPORTANT: All New Directions Aromatics (NDA) products are for external use only unless otherwise indicated. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease, and it should not be used by anyone who is pregnant or under the care of a medical practitioner. Please refer to our policies for further details, and our disclaimer below. Description of PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil : Non-ionic, ethoxlyated polyethylene glycol ester made from castor oil. Off-white/yellow liquid to semi-solid. Miscible in water and oils. HLB value 15 (gives oil-in-water emulsions). pH 5.5-7 (3% in water). CAS of PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil: 61788-85-0 INCI Name of PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil: PEG 60 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OİL Benefitsof PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil: Multifunctional agent that can be used as emulsifier, surfactant and solubilizer Useful also as foam booster and solubilizer of extracts, perfumes and vitamins Use of PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil: Can be added to formulas as is, usual concentration 1 - 10%. For external use only. Applications of PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil: Universally applicable, especially in liquid soaps, lotions, body washes, shower gels, hair shampoos, facial cleansers, bubble baths, decorative cosmetics. Country of Origin of PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil: USA Raw material source: Castor oil (obtained from castor beans) Manufacture of PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil: Hydrogenation of castor oil with hydrogen gas followed by pegylation (attachment of polyethylene glycol molecules) Animal Testing of PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil: Not animal tested GMO of PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil: Not tested for GMOs Vegan of PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil: Does not contains animal-derived components PEG 60 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OİL PEG 60 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OİL is a polyethylene glycol derivative of castor oil. It has a mild fatty odor. It functions as an emulsifier, surfactant and fragrance ingredient. PEG 60 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OİL is classified as : Emulsifying Surfactant CAS Number of PEG 60 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OİL 61788-85-0 COSING REF No of PEG 60 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OİL: 78452 Chem/IUPAC Name of PEG 60 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OİL: Castor oil (Ricinus communis), hydrogenated, ethoxylated (60 mol EO average molar ratio) What is PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil? PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is the polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative of hydrogenated castor oil. It's uses are common in this form as an emulsifier and a fragrance ingredient.PEG 60 has the FDA-approval for external use. Studies have found PEG 60 to be safe in concentrations of up to 100%. Generally speaking, PEGs are not skin irritants. PEG 60's molecular weight of 60 means it is only minimally absorbed into the skin.However, there is quite a bit of controversy over the safety of PEG 60. While the FDA approved it for external use, the Cosmetics Database found it to be moderately hazardous. According to the database, contamination is possible with potentially toxic impurities. Studies show that applying products containing PEG 60 to severe burns can result in kidney toxicity. So never apply to broken skin due to the risk of organic toxicity.How can PEG 60 be so toxic when absorbed by the body when pure castor oil is so safe? To understand that, we need to look at the scientific process of ethoxylation.PEG 60 is a result of the ethoxylation process. When hydrogenated castor oil is ethoxylated with ethylene oxide, which is a petroleum-based chemical, the process may introduce the carcinogen 1,4 dioxane as a contaminant. It also may not. This is a possibility each time the ethoxylation process occurs. However, it is not a guarantee that the product result is without contamination.PEG 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is the polyethylene glycol derivatives of hydrogenated castor oil, and is an amber colored, slightly viscous liquid that has a naturally mildly fatty odor. It is used in cosmetics and beauty products as an emulsifier, surfactant, and fragrance ingredient, according to research.PEG Castor Oils and PEG Hydrogenated Castor Oils are a family of polyethylene glycol derivatives of castor oil and hydrogenated castor oil that are used in over 500 formulations representing a wide variety of cosmetic products. They are used as skin conditioning agents and as surfactants (emulsifying and or solubilizing agents). The PEG Castor Oils and PEG Hydrogenated Castor Oils include various chain lengths, depending on the quantity of ethylene oxide used in synthesis. Although not all polymer lengths have been studied, it is considered acceptable to extrapolate the results of the few that have been studied to allingredients in the family. Because a principal noncosmetic use of PEG Castor Oils is as solvents for intravenous drugs, clinical data are available that indicate intravenous exposure can result in cardiovascular changes. Results from animal studies indicate very high LD50 values, with some evidence of acute nephrotoxicity in rats but not in rabbits. Short-term studies with intravenous exposure produced some evidence of toxicity in dogs but not in rabbits. Intramusuclar injection produced no toxicity in several species, including dogs. Subchronic oral studies also were negative. No dermal or ocular irritation was observed in studies in rabbits. Irritation was seen during induction, but no sen-sitization was found on challenge in guinea-pig studies using up to 50% PEG-35 Castor Oil; however, thisingredient was found to be a potent adjuvant in guinea pigs and mice. No evidence of developmental toxicity was seen in mice and rat feeding studies. Theseingredients, tested as vehicle controls, produced no mutagenic or carcinogenic effect. Clinical data are generally negative for irritation and sensitization, although some anaphylactoid reactions have been seen in studies of intravenous drugs in which PEG-35 Castor Oil was used as the vehicle. Because the maximum concentration used in animal sensitization studies was 50% for PEG Castor Oils and 100% for PEG Hydrogenated Castor Oils, it was concluded that PEG Castor Oils are safe for use in cosmetic formulations up to a concentration of 50% and that PEG Hydrogenated Castor Oils are safe as used in cosmetic formulations.t's a non-ionic surfactant that behaves as a foam booster and solubilizer of oils in water based products. (Unlike some other solubilizers, it won't suppress foam. Yay!) It can be used in the heated phase or the cool down phase of a product at up to 100%. Castor Oil Ethoxylates have many uses, primarily as nonionic surfactants in various formulations both, industrial & domestic. These are also used as cleaning agents, antistatic agents, dispersants or emulsifiers, defoamers, softeners in textile formulations. Also these are used as emulsifiers, solubalizers in cosmetics , health care & agrochemical formulations. Castor oil ethoxylates are a type of nonionic vegetable oil ethoxylate based on castor oil which is composed of traditional fatty acids like stearic acid but also the unique ricinoleic acid.The ethoxylates act as the emulsifier, solubilizers, anti-static agents, and lubricants in various market segments including home care, personal care, and agrochemicals.

Polyethylene glycol 600; Poly(ethylene glycol) ; PEG; Macrogol; Polyoxyethlene; Aquaffin; Nycoline; alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl); polyethylene glycols; Poly Ethylene Oxide; Polyoxyethylene; Polyglycol; 1,2-ethanediol Ehoxylated; Polyoxyethylene ether; Polyoxyethylene; Poly(ethylene glycol); cas no:25322-68-3

cas no 9004-96-0 Polyethylene glycol 600 monooleate acid ester; PEG(14) monooleate; PEG600MO; PEG(14)MO;

PEG, Poly(ethylene glycol), peg 6000, cas no : 25322-68-3; PEG, Polymère d'oxyéthylène, alpha-hydro-oméga-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-éthynediyl),poly(oxyde d'éthylène), poly(oxyéthylène), PEG, PEO, No Cas: 25322-68-3; PEG, Polymère d'oxyéthylène,alpha-hydro-oméga-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-éthynediyl),poly(oxyde d'éthylène), poly(oxyéthylène), PEG, PEO, Le PEG est utilisé dans de nombreux secteurs de l'industrie. Il sert par exemple comme épaississant ou gélifiant à la base de nombreux produits cosmétiques (savons liquides, crèmes hydratantes, shampoings, etc.) et paramédicaux (gels hydroalcooliques, lubrifiants intimes, etc.). Il est également utilisé comme solvant dans les encres pour imprimantes ou pour fabriquer des billes de paint-ball, ou bien comme additif alimentaire et dans certaines résines polyesters.Poly(ethylene glycol), Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),.alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-hydro-ω-hydroxy- Ethane-1,2-diol; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-Ethane-1,2-diol, ethoxylated;poly(oxyethylene); POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL

Polyethylene glycol 6000; Poly(ethylene glycol) ; PEG; Macrogol; Polyoxyethlene; Aquaffin; Nycoline; alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl); polyethylene glycols; Poly Ethylene Oxide; Polyoxyethylene; Polyglycol; 1,2-ethanediol Ehoxylated; Polyoxyethylene ether; Polyoxyethylene; Poly(ethylene glycol); cas no:25322-68-3

SYNONYMS polyglycol distearate;Oxyethylenated stearyl alcohol; POE distearate; POE distearate ether; Polyoxyethylene distearyl ether; Poly(oxyethylene) distearate; Polyethylene glycol dioctadecyl ether; CAS NO:9005-08-7

PEG 6000 Powder Polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000 powder; /ˌpɒliˈɛθəlˌiːn ˈɡlaɪˌkɒl, -ˌkɔːl/) is a polyether compound with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG 6000 powder is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG 6000 powder is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH. Uses of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000 powder Medical uses of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000 powder) Main article: Macrogol PEG 6000 powder is the basis of a number of laxatives.[4] Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy. PEG 6000 powder is also used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products. When attached to various protein medications, polyethylene glycol allows a slowed clearance of the carried protein from the blood.[5] The possibility that PEG 6000 powder could be used to fuse axons is being explored by researchers studying peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury.[4] Chemical uses of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000 powder) The remains of the 16th century carrack Mary Rose undergoing conservation treatment with PEG 6000 powder in the 1980s Terra cotta warrior, showing traces of original color Because PEG 6000 powder is a hydrophilic molecule, it has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies.[6] Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.[7] The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments.[8] Since PEG 6000 powder is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures (on the order of tens of atmospheres). It also is unlikely to have specific interactions with biological chemicals. These properties make PEG 6000 powder one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemistry and biomembranes experiments, in particular when using the osmotic stress technique. Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers. PEG 6000 powder has also been used to preserve objects that have been salvaged from underwater, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm,[9] and similar cases. It replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.[4] In addition, PEG 6000 powder is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.[10] PEG 6000 powder has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terracotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China.[11] These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang (first emperor of China) era. Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xi'an air. The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes. The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a PEG 6000 powder preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers.[12] PEG 6000 powder is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning. PEG 6000 powder derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants. PEG 6000 powder has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to create some polymersomes.[13] PEG 6000 powder has also been used as a propellent on the UGM-133M Trident II Missile, in service with the United States Air Force.[14] Biological uses PEG 6000 powder is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions.[6] PEG 6000 powder is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization. X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins. PEG 6000 powder is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas. Polymer segments derived from PEG 6000 powder polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions. In microbiology, PEG 6000 powder precipitation is used to concentrate viruses. PEG 6000 powder is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro. Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) can be PEG 6000 powder-coated to shield them from inactivation by the immune system and to de-target them from organs where they may build up and have a toxic effect.[15] The size of the PEG 6000 powder polymer has been shown to be important, with larger polymers achieving the best immune protection. PEG 6000 powder is a component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) used to package siRNA for use in vivo.[16][17] In blood banking, PEG 6000 powder is used as a potentiator to enhance detection of antigens and antibodies.[4][18] When working with phenol in a laboratory situation, PEG 6000 powder 300 can be used on phenol skin burns to deactivate any residual phenol (some references are required). In biophysics, polyethylene glycols are the molecules of choice for the functioning ion channels diameter studies, because in aqueous solutions they have a spherical shape and can block ion channel conductance.[19][20] Commercial uses PEG 6000 powder is the basis of many skin creams (as cetomacrogol) and personal lubricants (frequently combined with glycerin). PEG 6000 powder is used in a number of toothpastes[4] as a dispersant. In this application, it binds water and helps keep xanthan gum uniformly distributed throughout the toothpaste. PEG 6000 powder is also under investigation for use in body armor, and in tattoos to monitor diabetes.[21][22] In low-molecular-weight formulations (e.g. PEG 6000 powder 400), it is used in Hewlett-Packard designjet printers as an ink solvent and lubricant for the print heads. PEG 6000 powder is also used as an anti-foaming agent in food and drinks[23] – its INS number is 1521[24] or E1521 in the EU.[25] Industrial uses A nitrate ester-plasticized polyethylene glycol (NEPE-75) is used in Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missile solid rocket fuel.[26] Dimethyl ethers of PEG 6000 powder are the key ingredient of Selexol, a solvent used by coal-burning, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the gas waste stream. PEG 6000 powder has been used as the gate insulator in an electric double-layer transistor to induce superconductivity in an insulator.[27] PEG 6000 powder is also used as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes. Although not yet in commercial production, many groups around the globe are engaged in research on solid polymer electrolytes involving PEG 6000 powder, with the aim of improving their properties, and in permitting their use in batteries, electro-chromic display systems, and other products in the future. PEG 6000 powder is injected into industrial processes to reduce foaming in separation equipment. PEG 6000 powder is used as a binder in the preparation of technical ceramics.[28] Recreational uses PEG 6000 powder is used to extend the size and durability of very large soap bubbles. PEG 6000 powder is the main ingredient in many personal lubricants. Health effects PEG 6000 powder is considered biologically inert and safe by the FDA. However, a growing body of evidence shows the existence of anti PEG 6000 powder antibodies in approximately 72% of the population based on plasma samples from 1990–1999.[medical citation needed] The FDA has been asked to investigate the possible effects of PEG 6000 powder in laxatives for children.[29] Due to its ubiquity in a multitude of products and the large percentage of the population with antibodies to PEG 6000 powder, hypersensitive reactions to PEG 6000 powder are an increasing concern.[medical citation needed] Allergy to PEG 6000 powder is usually discovered after a person has been diagnosed with an allergy to an increasing number of seemingly unrelated products, including processed foods, cosmetics, drugs, and other substances that contain PEG 6000 powder or were manufactured with PEG 6000 powder.[30] When PEG 6000 powder is chemically attached to therapeutic molecules (such as protein drugs or nanoparticles), it can sometimes be antigenic, stimulating an anti-PEG 6000 powder antibody response in some patients. This effect has only been shown for a few of the many available PEG 6000 powderylated therapeutics, but it has significant effects on clinical outcomes of affected patients.[31] Other than these few instances where patients have anti-PEG 6000 powder immune responses, it is generally considered to be a safe component of drug formulations. Available forms and nomenclature PEG 6000 powder, PEO, and POE refer to an oligomer or polymer of ethylene oxide. The three names are chemically synonymous, but historically PEG 6000 powder is preferred in the biomedical field, whereas PEO is more prevalent in the field of polymer chemistry. Because different applications require different polymer chain lengths, PEG 6000 powder has tended to refer to oligomers and polymers with a molecular mass below 20,000 g/mol, PEO to polymers with a molecular mass above 20,000 g/mol, and POE to a polymer of any molecular mass.[32] PEG 6000 powders are prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide and are commercially available over a wide range of molecular weights from 300 g/mol to 10,000,000 g/mol.[33] PEG 6000 powder and PEO are liquids or low-melting solids, depending on their molecular weights. While PEG 6000 powder and PEO with different molecular weights find use in different applications, and have different physical properties (e.g. viscosity) due to chain length effects, their chemical properties are nearly identical. Different forms of PEG 6000 powder are also available, depending on the initiator used for the polymerization process – the most common initiator is a monofunctional methyl ether PEG 6000 powder, or methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), abbreviated mPEG 6000 powder. Lower-molecular-weight PEG 6000 powders are also available as purer oligomers, referred to as monodisperse, uniform, or discrete. Very high purity PEG 6000 powder has recently been shown to be crystalline, allowing determination of a crystal structure by x-ray diffraction.[33] Since purification and separation of pure oligomers is difficult, the price for this type of quality is often 10–1000 fold that of polydisperse PEG 6000 powder. PEG 6000 powders are also available with different geometries. Branched PEG 6000 powders have three to ten PEG 6000 powder chains emanating from a central core group. Star PEG 6000 powders have 10 to 100 PEG 6000 powder chains emanating from a central core group. Comb PEG 6000 powders have multiple PEG 6000 powder chains normally grafted onto a polymer backbone. The numbers that are often included in the names of PEG 6000 powders indicate their average molecular weights (e.g. a PEG 6000 powder with n = 9 would have an average molecular weight of approximately 400 daltons, and would be labeled PEG 6000 powder 400.) Most PEG 6000 powders include molecules with a distribution of molecular weights (i.e. they are polydisperse). The size distribution can be characterized statistically by its weight average molecular weight (Mw) and its number average molecular weight (Mn), the ratio of which is called the polydispersity index (Mw/Mn). Mw and Mn can be measured by mass spectrometry. PEG 6000 powderylation is the act of covalently coupling a PEG 6000 powder structure to another larger molecule, for example, a therapeutic protein, which is then referred to as a PEG 6000 powderylated protein. PEG 6000 powderylated interferon alfa-2a or −2b are commonly used injectable treatments for hepatitis C infection. PEG 6000 powder is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, benzene, and dichloromethane, and is insoluble in diethyl ether and hexane. It is coupled to hydrophobic molecules to produce non-ionic surfactants.[34] PEG 6000 powders potentially contain toxic impurities, such as ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane.[35] Ethylene Glycol and its ethers are nephrotoxic if applied to damaged skin.[36] Polyethylene oxide (PEO, Mw 4 kDa) nanometric crystallites (4 nm) Polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000 powder) and related polymers (PEG 6000 powder phospholipid constructs) are often sonicated when used in biomedical applications. However, as reported by Murali et al., PEG 6000 powder is very sensitive to sonolytic degradation and PEG 6000 powder degradation products can be toxic to mammalian cells. It is, thus, imperative to assess potential PEG 6000 powder degradation to ensure that the final material does not contain undocumented contaminants that can introduce artifacts into experimental results.[37] PEG 6000 powders and methoxypolyethylene glycols are manufactured by Dow Chemical under the tradename Carbowax for industrial use, and Carbowax Sentry for food and pharmaceutical use. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid, depending on the molecular weight, as indicated by a number following the name. They are used commercially in numerous applications, including as surfactants, in foods, in cosmetics, in pharmaceutics, in biomedicine, as dispersing agents, as solvents, in ointments, in suppository bases, as tablet excipients, and as laxatives. Some specific groups are lauromacrogols, nonoxynols, octoxynols, and poloxamers. Macrogol, used as a laxative, is a form of polyethylene glycol. The name may be followed by a number which represents the average molecular weight. Production of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000 powder) Polyethylene glycol 400, pharmaceutical quality Polyethylene glycol 4000, pharmaceutical quality The production of polyethylene glycol was first reported in 1859. Both A. V. Lourenço and Charles Adolphe Wurtz independently isolated products that were polyethylene glycols.[38] Polyethylene glycol is produced by the interaction of ethylene oxide with water, ethylene glycol, or ethylene glycol oligomers.[39] The reaction is catalyzed by acidic or basic catalysts. Ethylene glycol and its oligomers are preferable as a starting material instead of water, because they allow the creation of polymers with a low polydispersity (narrow molecular weight distribution). Polymer chain length depends on the ratio of reactants. HOCH2CH2OH + n(CH2CH2O) → HO(CH2CH2O)n+1H Depending on the catalyst type, the mechanism of polymerization can be cationic or anionic. The anionic mechanism is preferable because it allows one to obtain PEG 6000 powder with a low polydispersity. Polymerization of ethylene oxide is an exothermic process. Overheating or contaminating ethylene oxide with catalysts such as alkalis or metal oxides can lead to runaway polymerization, which can end in an explosion after a few hours. Polyethylene oxide, or high-molecular weight polyethylene glycol, is synthesized by suspension polymerization. It is necessary to hold the growing polymer chain in solution in the course of the polycondensation process. The reaction is catalyzed by magnesium-, aluminium-, or calcium-organoelement compounds. To prevent coagulation of polymer chains from solution, chelating additives such as dimethylglyoxime are used. Alkaline catalysts such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) are used to prepare low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol. Polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000 powder) is a versatile polyether being utilized in various applications, in particular in medicine. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) is another name for PEG 6000 powder. Typically, ethylene oxide macromolecules (Fig. 18.9) with molecular weights less than 20,000 g/mol are called PEG 6000 powder, while those having values above 20,000 g/mol are named PEO. It is reported that PEG 6000 powder is soluble in water, ethanol, acetonitrile, benzene, and dichloromethane, while it is insoluble in diethyl ether and hexane. PEG 6000 powder is available in different structures such as branched, star, and comb-like macromolecules. PEG 6000 powderylation is an attractive process in which PEG 6000 powder is bonded to another molecule, which is promising in therapeutic methods. PEG 6000 powder can hinder the protein adsorption which is essential in drug delivery to minimize the protein corona formation [29]. Polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000 powder) is a hydrophilic polymer of ethylene oxide. The non-immunogenic, biocompatible and flexible nature of PEG 6000 powder makes it a suitable synthetic dressing material for wound healing. The low toxic PEG 6000 powder macromers are well bonded with growth factor like EGF and can be delivered at the wound site [98]. The mechanical stability of PEG 6000 powder can be enhanced by blending PEG 6000 powder with chitosan and PLGA. Blending also increases thermal stability and crystallinity of the particular polymer [99]. Such PEG 6000 powder-based dressings have been widely used to treat a diabetic wound by promoting and inducing growth of skin cells and collagen deposition. It also reduces scar formation [100]. The injectable hybrid hydrogel dressing system is developed from PEG 6000 powder-based hyperbranched multiacrylated co-polymer and HA in combination with adipose-derived stem cells to support the viability of cells in vitro and in vivo. It prevents wound contraction and enhances angiogenesis by acting as temporary hydrogel for wound healing purpose [101]. Hydrophilic Materials Based on Polyethylene Glycol Polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000 powder) is the most relevant antifouling polymer in biomedical devices. PEG 6000 powder antifouling properties are thought to be related to surface hydration and steric hindrance effects (Chen et al., 2010). PEG 6000 powder chains linked to a material surface assume a brush-like configuration at the water/surface interface, limiting the approach to the surface by bacteria. Compression of the highly hydrated layer of PEG 6000 powder chains is unfavorable because it would involve a reduction in PEG 6000 powder chain mobility and removal of water molecules. Surface packing density and polymer chain length can be used to control PEG 6000 powder antifouling properties (Roosjen et al., 2004). PEG 6000 powder-functionalized PUs were developed by PEG 6000 powder introduction either in the polymer backbone (Corneillie et al., 1998) or polymer side chain (Francolini et al., 2019). Auto-oxidization in the presence of oxygen, metal ions, and enzymes able to oxidize PEG 6000 powder hydroxyl groups, however, may limit long-term effectiveness. Polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000 powder) is another important type of PCM for textile applications. The repeating unit in PEG 6000 powder is oxyethylene (–O–CH2–CH2–) containing hydroxyl group on either side of the chain. The melting point of PEG 6000 powder depends on its molecular weight and is proportional as the molecular weight increases. The phase-change temperature of PEG 6000 powder can be determined using DSC (Pielichowski and Flejtuch, 2002). PEG 6000 powder with degree of polymerization 1000 has phase-change temperature of 35°C, while PEG 6000 powder with degree of polymerization 20,000 has melting temperature of 63°C (Craig and Newton, 1991; Hopp et al., 2000). Jiang et al. (2016) synthesized a dual-functional magnetic microcapsules containing a PCM core and an organo-silica shell for the electromagnetic shielding and thermal regulating applications. Fig. 20.6 shows the resulting DSC curves where the areas under the peaks indicate the amount of latent heat contained using different organosilanes/PEG 6000 powder weight ratios. PEG 6000 powder is the basis of a number of laxatives.[3] Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy. PEG 6000 powder is also used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products. When attached to various protein medications, polyethylene glycol allows a slowed clearance of the carried protein from the blood.[4] The possibility that PEG 6000 powder could be used to fuse nerve cells is being explored by researchers studying spinal cord injury.[3] Chemical uses The remains of the 16th century carrack Mary Rose undergoing conservation treatment with PEG 6000 powder in the 1980s Terra cotta warrior, showing traces of original color Because PEG 6000 powder is a hydrophilic molecule, it has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies.[5] Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.[6] The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments.[7] Since PEG is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures (on the order of tens of atmospheres). It also is unlikely to have specific interactions with biological chemicals. These properties make PEG 6000 powder one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemistry and biomembranes experiments, in particular when using the osmotic stress technique. Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers. PEG 6000 powder has also been used to preserve objects that have been salvaged from underwater, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm,[8] and similar cases. It replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.[3] In addition, PEG 6000 powder is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.[9] PEG has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terracotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China.[10] These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang Di dynasty (first emperor of China). Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xian air. The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes. The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a PEG 6000 powder preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers.[11] PEG 6000 powder is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning. PEG 6000 powder derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants. PEG 6000 powder is a polyol and can be reacted with an isocyanate to make polyurethane. PEG 6000 powder has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to create some polymersomes.[12] Biological uses PEG 6000 powder is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions. PEG 6000 powder is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization. X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins. PEG is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas. César Milstein and Georges J. F. Köhler originated this technique, which they used for antibody production, winning a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984.[3] Polymer segments derived from PEG polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions. In microbiology, PEG 6000 powder precipitation is used to concentrate viruses. PEG is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro. Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) can be PEG-coated to shield them from inactivation by the immune system and to de-target them from organs where they may build up and have a toxic effect.[13] The size of the PEG polymer has been shown to be important, with larger polymers achieving the best immune protection. PEG is a component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) used to package siRNA for use in vivo. In blood banking, PEG is used as a potentiator to enhance detection of antigens and antibodies.[3][16] When working with phenol in a laboratory situation, PEG 300 can be used on phenol skin burns to deactivate any residual phenol. In biophysics, polyethylene glycols are the molecules of choice for the functioning ion channels diameter studies, because in aqueous solutions they have a spherical shape and can block ion channel conductance. What is Polyethyleneglycol? Polyethyleneglycol, or PEG 6000 powder for short, is a polyether consisting of a (-O-CH2-CH2-) backbone that is commonly used in many fields of academic research, industrial processing and commercial applications. PEG 6000 powders can also commonly be referred to as polyoxyethylene (POE) and polyethyleneoxide (PEO), but regardless of the name that is used, the simple structure of PEG 6000 powders (which consists of solely carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, see image below) affords safe compounds that are used throughout everyday life. Additionally, it is this simple structure that separates PEG 6000 powders from similar compounds like propylene glycol and polypropyleneglycol. The two aforementioned compounds (polyethyleneglycol vs. propylene glycol) are derivatives of propylene oxide, which, when polymerized, bestows a completely different set of physical characteristics to the compound as compared to PEG 6000 powder. The method in which PEG 6000 powders are created allows for a wide variability in their physical attributes, allowing them to be utilized by many commercial markets. By controlling a PEG 6000 powder’s size (i.e. molecular weight) and its size distribution, a wide variety of physical properties can be achieved, which sets Oxiteno’s line of PEG 6000 powder products, the 6000 powder series, apart from other name brands of polyethyleneglycols. Due to the vast number of product types offered 6000 powder products (click here for a full listing), many physical forms (liquids, pastes, solids, flakes, powder, etc.) and viscosities of PEG 6000 powders are available. It is the numerous attributes of PEG 6000 powders that allow for their inclusion in a vast array of applications, ranging from the pharmaceutical industry to cosmetic markets. While the structure of PEG 6000 powder is simple, it is this compound’s solubility in water is what makes it such a versatile additive to enhance many industrial applications. Because line of PEG 6000 powder products are non-toxic and hydrophilic (water-loving), these polymers are used in the home (i.e. to treat surfaces in cleaning agents made by cleaning chemicals manufacturers) as well as in the food production industry (to reduce the amount of foam during the processing of food products). PEG 6000 powders are generally considered to be biologically inert, making them safe to use throughout the medical and food-processing industries. What is Polyethyleneglycol Used For? Due to the variety of physical properties that can be achieved through PEG 6000 powder series, formulators in nearly all industries can benefit from this line of PEG 6000 powder products. A PEG 6000 powder’s unique ability to enhance a dye’s solubility in aqueous formulations causes it to be used throughout the textile industry as dye carriers. PEG 6000 powders are also exceptional at retaining moisture in complex formulations, as well as to an applied surface, making them excellent humectants and anti-caking agents for cosmetic chemical suppliers and coatings chemical suppliers. This unique relationship with water is further exploited by many other markets as PEG 6000 powders can help to stabilize emulsions and act as water-miscible co-solvents for aqueous formulations. The food industry uses these compounds as additives to reduce the amount of foam during food processing. Additionally, PEG 6000 powders find themselves very useful in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to act as rheological modifiers, thus being used as excipients. New research techniques are increasingly incorporating PEG 6000 powder compounds via the use of ‘PEG 6000 powderylation’ onto protein and peptide therapeutics, thus improving their pharmacokinetics and leading to safer and more effective drugs1-2. Many of PEG 6000 powder series meet the requirements set forth by the National Formulary (NF) guidelines for safe preparation, manufacture and use of a variety of PEG 6000 powder compounds that can be used as excipients, botanicals and other similar products. Is Polyethyleneglycol Safe? PEG 6000 powders are generally considered to be a biologically inert substance, meaning that this class of oligomers and polymers are recognized to be safe for use in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. So, is polyethyleneglycol toxic? Due to the PEG 6000 powder’s structure and its water solubility, these compounds are generally considered to be non-toxic, as studies of demonstrated their safety for use within the field of drug delivery1-2, for application to the skin in cosmetics3 and as additives in the food and vitamin processing industry4. Where applicable, line of PEG 6000 powders, 6000 powder, adhere to the guidelines for the manufacturing set forth by the National Formulary (NF). Having initially been established by the U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act of 1938, these guidelines are currently recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These manufacturing and production guidelines are annually reviewed, requiring to not only adhere to these strict standards, but maintain constant surveillance over the preparation of these non-toxic additives. Additionally, many of PEG 6000 powder products that are used in agricultural applications are safe for the environment and are on the Environmental Protection Agencies’ (EPA) inert ingredient list, meeting the requirements set forth in 40 CFR 180.910 and 40 CFR 180.930. This makes PEG 6000 powders attractive for agrochemical companies.

PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is a polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is an off-white flake
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is a white to yellowish pellets.


CAS Number: 9005-08-7
EINECS: Polymer Exempt
MDL Number: MFCD00081839
INCI Name: PEG-150 Distearate
EINECS: Polymer Exempt
Chem/IUPAC Name: Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),. alpha. -(1-oxooctadecyl)-. omega. -[(1-oxooctadecyl)oxy]-
Molecular Formula : C19H40O4


Macrogol 6000, Polyethylenglycol 6000, Polyethylenglykol 6000 Distearat, Polyoxyethylen(150), Polyoxyethylen(150)distearat, THOX P-6000 DS, PEG-150 DISTEARATE, PEG-150 DISTEARATE [II], PEG-150 DISTEARATE [INCI], POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 6000 DISTEARATE, POLYOXYL 150 DISTEARATE, UNIPEG-6000 DS, PEG-150 DISTEARATE, POE (150) DISTEARATE, KESSCO PEG 6000 DISTEARATE, Glycols,polyethylene, distearate (8CI), Stearic acid, diester with polyethylene glycol(8CI), 62S, 62S (lubricant), Aculyn 60, Atlas G 1821, CDS 400, CDS 6000P, CRL1095, Cithrol 10DS, Cithrol 4DS, Cithrol 60DS, Cutina TS, Cyclo PEG (400)DS, Dispeg 200, EL 1821, Emalex 200di-S, Emalex 600di-S, Emalex di-S, Emanon 3299, Emanon 3299R, Emanon 3299RV, Emanon 3299V, Emerest 2642, Emerest 2712, Emulgen3299, Emulmin 862, Estol 3734, Estol EO 4DS3724, Eumulgin EO 33, Gelucire55/18, Genapol TS Powder, Hetoxamate 6000, Hetoxamate 6000DS, Hetoxamate 6000DSSpecial, Ionet DS 1000, Ionet DS 300, Ionet DS 400, Ionet DS 4000, Kessco PEG400DS, Kessco PEG 6000DS, Lionon DT 600S, Lipal 15DS, Lipal 400DS, Lipopeg 4DS, Lipopeg 6000DS, Mapeg 1540DS, Mapeg 400DS, Mapeg 6000DS, Mazol 6000DS, NikkolCDS 6000P, Nissan Nonion DS 60HN, Noigen DS 601, Nonex 80, Nonion DS 60HN, Nonisol 300, PEG 150 distearate, PEG 1540 distearate, PEG 1540DS, PEG 6000distearate, PEG 6000DS, PEG 8 distearate, PEG distearate, PEG-2 Distearate, PEG-20 Distearate, Pegnol PDS 60, Pegosperse 400DS, Pionin D 2410D, Poly(oxyethylene) distearate, Polyethylene glycol dioctadecanoate, Polyethyleneglycol distearate, Polyethylene glycol distearoyl ester, Polyethylene glycolstearic acid diester, Polyethylene oxide distearate, Rewopal PEG 6000DS, Ritapeg 150DS, S 1009, S 1013, Stabogel, Polyethylene glycol distearate, PEG400 Distearate, heptadecanoic acid - ethane-1,2-diol (1:1), PEG 6000 Distearate Powder, PEG 6000 Distearate, Unipeg 6000DS, Lipopeg 6000 DS, Protamate 6000 DS, T/N: Lumulse 602-S, T/N: Acipol Di 15018 B, Polyethylene glycol distearate, Polyoxyethylene Distearate ester, POE(150) Distearate, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(1-oxooctadecyl)-.omega.-[(1-oxooctadecyl)oxy]-



PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is a hydrophilic emulsifier; thickener.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is an efficient thickening agent for shampoos, body washes or foam baths.
Even at low levels, PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) results in a high viscosity modifying effect.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is a polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is an off-white flake
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is a white to yellowish pellets.


This thickening agent, PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate), has garnered appreciation for its widespread use in personal care products, cosmetics, paints, and dyes.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is produced by the esterification of stearic acid which is derived from palm kernel oil or other vegetable oils.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is a thickening agent.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is easy to handle and shows distinctive viscosity modifying effects.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is an ester made from the reaction of vegetable-derived triple-pressed grade stearic acid and a defined high molecular weight polyethylene glycol.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is a white to off-white powder.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is an ester made from the reaction of vegetable-derived triple-pressed grade stearic acid and a defined high molecular weight polyethylene glycol.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is particularly effective for the thickening of clear, mild, amphoteric-containing surfactant systems, such as shampoos, body washes, bubble baths, baby baths, vapor baths, and shower gels.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is an emulsifying agent (O/W) and thickener (aqueous).
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is an ester made from the reaction of vegetable-derived triple-pressed grade stearic acid and a defined high molecular weight polyethylene glycol.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is an ester made from the reaction of vegetable-derived triple-pressed grade stearic acid and a defined high molecular weight polyethylene glycol.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is a polyether compound that is used in a wide variety of fields including pharmaceutical manufacturing as an excipient and active ingredient.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is an ester made from the reaction of vegetable-derived triple-pressed grade stearic acid and a defined high molecular weight polyethylene glycol.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is used thickening agent for cleansing formulations, especially shampoo, shower and bath preparations.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is used Antiperspirants & Deodorants, Baby Care and Cleansing, Face Cleansing, Liquid Soap, Shampoo, and Shower/Bath Products.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is a non-ionic surfactant with low irritation to the skin and eyes with excellent thickening power, in addition to acting positively on foam formation and increasing the viscosity response of other surfactants in the formulations.
This thickening agent, PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) has garnered appreciation for its widespread use in personal care products, cosmetics, paints, and dyes.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is produced by the esterification of stearic acid which is derived from palm kernel oil or other vegetable oils.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is an ester made from the reaction of triple pressed stearic acid and polyethylene glycol.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is commonly used to thicken mild, amphoteric-containing surfactant systems, such as baby shampoos, lotions, pet shampoos, bubble baths, cleansing products, and hair conditioners.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is recommended for baby-, mild hair- & shower shampoos, foam baths and skin cleansing lotions.
The shelf life of PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is 12 months.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is particularly effective for the thickening of clear, mild, amphoteric-containing surfactant systems, such as shampoos, body washes, bubble baths, baby baths, vapor baths and shower gels.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) can also be used to thicken facial scrubs, facial cleansers, body scrubs and shaving foams, and finds application in color cosmetics as an auxiliary emulsifer (HLB ~18.4).
The typical use level of PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is 2 – 4%.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is in the form of solid, white to off-white waxy flakes and used as a thickener, emulsifier, solubilizer in cosmetics and personal care products.
Typical concentration of PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is 0.5-50%.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is an efficient thickening agent for shampoos, body washes or foam baths.
Even at low levels, PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) results in a high viscosity modifying effect.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is used in formulations which are difficult to thicken.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is used in formulations which are difficult to thicken.
Industry Primarily Used of PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate): Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals, Inks & Coatings
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is particularly effective for the thickening of clear, mild, amphoteric-containing surfactant systems, such as shampoos, body washes, bubble baths, baby baths, vapor baths, and shower gels.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) can also be used to thicken facial scrubs, facial cleansers, body scrubs, and shaving foams, and finds application in color cosmetics as an auxiliary emulsifier (HLB ~18.4).
The typical use level of PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is 2 – 4%.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is commonly used to thicken mild, amphoteric-containing surfactant systems, such as baby shampoos, baby bath and facial scrubs.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is also used in deodorants, facial cleansers, facial color cosmetics, liquid hand soaps, shampoos, shaving products and shower gels/body washes.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is commonly used to thicken mild, amphoteric-containing surfactant systems, such as baby shampoos, baby baths, facial scrubs, facial cleansers, body washes, body scrubs and shaving foams.


PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) also finds application in color cosmetics as an auxiliary emulsifer/
Due to its low toxicity PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) can be used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments, a reagent in biochemistry to create very high osmotic pressures, a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography and as a binder.



FUNCTION OF PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is commonly used to thicken mild, amphoteric-containing surfactant systems, such as baby shampoos, baby baths, facial scrubs, facial cleansers, body washes, body scrubs and shaving foams.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) also finds application in color cosmetics as an auxiliary emulsifer (HLB ~18.4).



FEATURES & BENEFITS OF PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
*Emulsifying Agent (O/W)
*Thickener (aqueous)



WHAT IS PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE) USED FOR?
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is used mainly as a thickener in products like shampoos, conditioners, shower gels, face washes, hand washes, shaving creams, baby-care products etc.
*Skin care:
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is used as an emulsifier in creams and lotions
*Hair care:
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is used as an anti-static agent in conditioners



ORIGIN OF PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is produced by the esterification of stearic acid which is derived from palm kernel oil or other vegetable oils.



WHAT DOES PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE) DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emulsifying
*Viscosity controlling



SAFETY PROFILE OF PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is designated as safe to be used in products at a concentration of 5.0%.



FUNCTIONS OF PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
*Thickener,
*Viscosity Modifier,
*Viscosity Stabilizer



BENEFIT CLAIMS OF PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
*Rich Feel



BENEFITS AND USES OF PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is used to thicken products like shampoos, conditioners, shower gels, hand washes, shaving creams, etc.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is an excellent emulsifier and is usually added to creams and lotions.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) mixes well with water and oil and enables them to clean dirt and grime from the surface.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) forms a film on the hair and reduces static and is therefore used in conditioners.
When added to paints and dyes, PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) thickens their consistency and emulsifies them.



HOW PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE) WORKS?
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) works by acting as a solubilizer for water-insoluble ingredients.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) reduces the surface tension of the substances and helps form emulsions.



CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is used at a concentration of 0.5% to 5% of the formulation.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is soluble in water and ethanol and is insoluble in vegetable and mineral oil.



HOW TO USE PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE)?
Heat PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) with other surfactants at 60oC and melt it completely.
Mix this blend into the water phase at 35oC and stir.
Add oil phase and adjust the pH.



FUNCTIONS OF PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is an ester made from the reaction of vegetable-derived triple-pressed grade stearic acid and a defined high molecular weight polyethylene glycol.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is commonly used to thicken mild, amphoteric-containing surfactant systems, such as baby shampoos, baby baths, facial scrubs, facial cleansers, body washes, body scrubs and shaving foams.



STORAGE OF PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
Keep PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) container tightly closed.



BENEFITS / APPLICATION OF PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is a high molecular weight distearate of polyethyleneglycol that provides excellent properties of thickening to formulations based on surfactants agents.

PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is a differentiated thickener with excellent suavity.
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) can be used in many cosmetic formulations, such as shampoos for adults, for children, foam bath, liquid soaps, etc.

PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) is a versatile product that can be used as the unique
thickening agent or even associated to alkanolamides, etoxilated
fatty alcohols, and betaines.

Due to the ethylene oxide groups in its molecule, PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) acts improving the viscosity of surfactants usually used in soft formulations.
Therefore, surfactants such as sorbitan monolaurate, sulfosuccinates, and betaines have PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate)'s thickener profile improved.

When associated to etoxilated fatty alcohols PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) shows a
special synergy that allows that alkanol amides be partially or totally
substituted.

PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) should be added under agitation to the water of formulation – total or part of the water – at 70-80°C.
In cold processing, PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) must be previously dissolved before
incorporate it to the formulation.

It is better elaborate an aqueous solution at 10% and heat this solution until 70-80°C or PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) can be solubilized in the amide associated to an amphoteric, heating to 65-75°C.
After this step, the cold processing can continue.



MAIN PROPERTIES OF PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
*Surfactant
*Viscosity Controller



INDICATIONS OF PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
PEG 6000 Distearate (peg-150 distearate) can be incorporated into shampoos, children's shampoos, liquid soaps and bubble baths.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
Boiling Point: 492-497°C
Melting Point: 52-57°C
Hydroxyl Value: 5 max.
Solubility: Soluble in water and ethanol
Insoluble in mineral and vegetable oil
Saponification Value: 165-175 mgKOH/g
Appearance Form: solid
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 35 - 37 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: > 113,00 °C - closed cup
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available

Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Appearance: Flakes/Solid
Color: White to slight yellowish
Acid value: 0 – 9 mg KOH/g
Iodine value: 0 – 1 g I2/100 g

Saponification value: 14 – 25 mg KOH/g
Name: PEG 6000 DISTEARATE
CAS Registry Number: 9005-08-7
Cloud Point: 83C (1% AQ. SOLN.)
Comments: NONIONIC
Density (Specific Gravity)= (25C): 1.075
HLB Number: 18.4
Instrument Name:DIGILAB FTS-40
Melting Point: 55C
Sample Description: OFF-WHITE FLAKES
EINECS: N/A
CAS No.: 9005-08-7
Density: N/A
PSA: 77.76000
LogP: 4.91340
Solubility: N/A
Melting Point: 35-37 °C

Formula: (C2H4O)n.C36H70O3
Boiling Point: 495.3oC at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight: 332.51900
Flash Point: >230 °F
Transport Information: N/A
Appearance: Solid
Safety: Risk Codes: N/A
Hazard Symbols: N/A
Color: 1 Gard Max
Acid Value: 9.0 Max
Saponification Value: 14 - 20
Hydroxyl Value: 2.5 Max
Appearence: Off-white solid
Moisture: 1.0% Max
pH: 4.0 - 7.0 (@ 3% Solution Distilled)



FIRST AID MEASURES of PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water.
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PEG 6000 DISTEARATE (PEG-150 DISTEARATE):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
no information available

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PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate What Is PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate? PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate, PEG-30 Glyceryl Cocoate, PEG-40 Glyceryl Cocoate, PEG-78 Glyceryl Cocoate and PEG-80 Glyceryl Cocoate are polyethylene glycol ethers of Glyceryl Cocoate. In cosmetics and personal care products, PEG Glyceryl Cocoate ingredients are used in the formulation of hair dyes and colors, shampoos, cleaning products, and skin care and bath products. Why is PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate used in cosmetics and personal care products? PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. It also helps to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified. PEG-30, -40, -78 and -80 Glyceryl Cocoate clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that these substances can be rinsed away. They also help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent in which they would not normally dissolve. Scientific Facts: PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate ingredients are produced from coconut oil-derived fatty acids. The different chain length PEGs are formed using ethylene oxide and water, with the average number of moles of ethylene oxide used corresponding to the number in the name. PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate ingredients are produced from coconut oil-derived fatty acids. PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate functions as a skin conditioning agent, emollient, surfactant and an emulsifying agent. They are used in the formulation of hair dyes and colors, shampoos, skin care and bath products. PEG-7 GLYCERYL COCOATE is classified as : Emulsifying Surfactant COSING REF No:77274 Chem/IUPAC Name:Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.''-1,2,3-propanetriyltris-.omega.-hydroxy-, monococonut acid ester (7 mol EO average molar ratio) Galaxy PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a water soluble polyol fatty acid ester. PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a non-ionic surface active agent and acts as an emulsifying agent. PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate has emollient and conditioning effects on skin. It also has super-fatting properties. What Is PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate? PEG 7 glyceryl cocoate is a synthetic polymer that functions as an emollient, surfactant, and emulsifier in cosmetics and skincare products. PEG 7 glyceryl cocoate is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) ether of glyceryl cocoate. Glyceryl cocoate is a monoester of glycerin and coconut fatty acids, which are both very beneficial to the skin. Glycerin, also referred to as glycerol, is a natural alcohol and humectant that helps the skin to retain moisture. Coconut fatty acids restore the skin’s lipid barrier, which also helps to improve the skin’s moisture retention. PEG 7 glyceryl cocoate is produced by the ethoxylation of glyceryl cocoate. Ethoxylation is a chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide is added to a substrate. In this case, 7 units of ethylene oxide are added to glyceryl cocoate (hence the 7 in the ingredient name). THE BREAKDOWN PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate THE GOOD:Helps to protect the skin’s natural barrier, improving moisture retention. It also helps to improve the texture and feel of the product. THE NOT SO GOOD:There are concerns about the presence of 1,4-dioxane in this ingredient. This is less of a concern more recently as the process of purifying PEG 7 glyceryl cocoate is highly regulated. WHO IS IT FOR?All skin types except those that have an identified allergy to it. SYNERGETIC INGREDIENTS:Works well with most ingredients KEEP AN EYE ON:Nothing to keep an eye on here. Why Is PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate Used? In cosmetics and skincare products, PEG 7 glyceryl cocoate functions as an emollient, surfactant, and emulsifier. PEG 7 glyceryl cocoate also helps to protect the skin’s natural barrier and retain the skin’s moisture levels. Emollient As an emollient, PEG 7 glyceryl cocoate provides a lightweight and non-greasy barrier that helps to increase moisture retention at the skin’s surface. This property makes PEG 7 glyceryl cocoate very useful for products such as lotions, creams, and facial moisturizers. While all skin types can benefit from emollients like PEG 7 glyceryl cocoate, emollients are especially helpful for those who have dry, rough, and/or flaky skin. Emollients may help to alleviate these symptoms, leaving the skin looking and feeling soft and smooth. In addition, emollients may benefit those that suffer from conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, or other inflammatory skin conditions. Surfactant PEG 7 glyceryl cocoate also functions as a surfactant because it contains one end that is hydrophilic or attracted to water and one end that is lipophilic or attracted to oil. Surfactants work by lowering the surface tension between two substances, such as two liquids or a liquid and a solid. This allows surfactants to attract and suspends oils, dirt, and other impurities that have accumulated on the skin and wash them away. Due to these properties, PEG 7 glyceryl cocoate can be found in many different cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. Emulsifier As an emulsifier, PEG 7 glyceryl cocoate is often used in formulations that contain both water and oil components. Mixing water and oil can be difficult as they tend to separate and split. To address this problem, an emulsifier like PEG 7 glyceryl cocoate can be added to improve the consistency of a product, which enables an even distribution of topical skin care benefits. Is PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate Safe? The safety of the PEG glyceryl cocoate ingredients, including PEG 7 glyceryl cocoate, has been assessed by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel, a group responsible for evaluating the safety of skincare and cosmetic ingredients. The Expert Panel evaluated the scientific data and concluded that these ingredients were safe for use in rinse-off products and safe up to 10% in leave-on products. Despite the approval of PEG 7 glyceryl cocoate by the CIR Expert Panel, there are concerns about the presence of ethylene oxide in this ingredient. This is because the process of ethoxylation may lead to contamination with 1,4-dioxane, a potentially dangerous by-product. 1,4-dioxane is a known animal carcinogen that penetrates readily into the skin. According to the National Toxicology Program, ‘1,4-dioxane is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.’ It has also been linked with skin allergies. However, the potential presence of 1,4-dioxane can be controlled through purification steps to remove it before blending PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate into cosmetic formulations. what is PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate: PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a non-ionic ethoxylated surfactant with over-greasing and solubilizing properties. PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a hydrophilic oil with a light yellow color and a characteristic odor. Chemically PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate consists of polyethylene glycol and coconut fatty acids. In cosmetics PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used as a degreaser in shampoos and body cleansers, thanks to its lubricating, emollient and conditioned properties for the skin and hair. Furthermore PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate improves the foam quality of the detergents in which it is inserted. PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is also used for its solubilizing properties against fat-soluble substances in aqueous systems, such as some active ingredients (menthol, camphor, salicylic acid) and essential oils and having an HLB of about 11 can also be used as a coemulsifier. PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate can be inserted into any type of cleansing product, for skin and hair. PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is often used used as a solubilizer and emollient in hair sprays without rinsing and in micellar cleansing waters. Recommended use percentage: from 1 to 10%. PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is soluble in water and aqueous solutions of tensiottivi is stable in a pH range between 5 and 8. Non-ionic, ethoxlyated polyethylene glycol ester made from glycerin & coconut oil. Clear oily liquid, characteristic odor. Soluble in water & alcohols, insoluble in oils. HLB value 11 (gives oil-in-water emulsions). PEG compounds are harmless but contentious ingredients, as the manufacturing process can involve contaminants. We choose to work with suppliers who ensure that all of our PEG compounds are completely safe for cosmetic use. PEG 7 Glyceryl cocoate is a solubilizer, used to blend all formula ingredients together into a stable and uniformly dispersed product. As part of our mission to provide the greenest formulas possible, we are working hard to remove this ingredient from our portfolio. A clear, light yellow water-loving oil that comes from coconut/palm kernel oil and glycerin. PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate's a mild cleansing agent popular in baby washes and sensitive skin formulas. PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate's also a so-called solubilizer that helps to dissolve oils and oil-soluble ingredients (e.g.essential oils or salicylic acid) in water-based formulas. INCI: PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a multifunctional substance which is an ideal emulsifying agent, emollient and solvent material. PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is of natural origin, obtained from coconut oil and glycerin. Emulsifiers: HLB 10. The product is used in recipes: A facial cleansing micellar fluid A facial cleansing gel for sensitive skin eco A body wash emulsion with a chamomile extract A nourishing and moisturizing body wash gel with silk and red poppy extracts. A hydrophilic cleansing oil for mixed skin: almond, safflower A hydrophilic cleansing oil for dry skin: avocado, borage A hydrophilic cleansing oil for mature skin: karite, argan A hydrophilic cleansing oil for acne and oily skin: sunflower, safflower A nourishing and moisturizing body wash gel with silk and red poppy extracts. A moisturizing shampoo with silk. A nourising and relaxing shampoo with red poppy flower extract. A regenerating shampoo for damaged hair with keratin. A shampoo for dyed hair with an argan oil. A shampoo for oily skin/hair with a common bahu extract. peg 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE is classified as : Emollient Emulsifying CAS Number 61789-05-7 EINECS/ELINCS No: 263-027-9 COSING REF No: 34052 Chem/IUPAC Name: Glycerides, coco mono- This synthetic polymer is based on PEG (polyethylene glycol) and fatty acids derived from coconut oil. Due to the presence of PEG, this ingredient may contain potentially toxic manufacturing impurities such as 1,4-dioxane. Function(s): Skin-Conditioning Agent - Emollient; Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate also helps to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified. Description of PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate: Non-ionic, ethoxlyated polyethylene glycol ester made from glycerin & coconut oil. Clear oily liquid, characteristic odor. Soluble in water & alcohols, insoluble in oils. HLB value 11 (gives oil-in-water emulsions). CAS: 68201-46-7 INCI Name: PEG-7 glyceryl monococoate Benefits of PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate: Multifunctional agent with excellent emulsifying, emollient, refatting & thickening properties Very useful as surfactant and foam booster Has good conditioning effect for soft and smooth skin Use of PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate: Can be added to formulas as is, usual concentration 1 - 10%. For external use only. Applications of PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate: Universally applicable, especially in liquid soaps, lotions, body washes, shower gels, hair shampoos, facial cleansers, bubble baths, decorative cosmetics. Country of Origin of PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate: Germany Raw material source of PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate: Coconut oil and polyethylene glycol Manufacture of PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate: PEG glyceryl cocoate is manufactured by the ethoxylation (polymerization of ethylene oxide) of glyceryl cocoate. Animal Testing: Not animal tested GMO: GMO free (does not contain plant-derived components) Vegan: Does not contain animal-derived components Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used for Hemolysis, Central nervous system depression, Hyperosmolality, Lactic acidosis, Skin conditioning and other conditions. Uses of PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used for the treatment, control, prevention, & improvement of the following diseases, conditions and symptoms: Hemolysis Central nervous system depression Hyperosmolality Lactic acidosis Skin conditioning Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate may also be used for purposes not listed here. Side-effects of PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate The following is a list of possible side-effects that may occur in medicines that contain Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate. This is not a comprehensive list. These side-effects are possible, but do not always occur. Some of the side-effects may be rare but serious. Consult your doctor if you observe any of the following side-effects, especially if they do not go away. Hypersensitivity Local irritation Diaphoresis Unresponsiveness Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate may also cause side-effects not listed here. Precautions of PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate Before using Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate, inform your doctor about your current list of medications, over the counter products (e.g. vitamins, herbal supplements, etc.), allergies, pre-existing diseases, and current health conditions (e.g. pregnancy, upcoming surgery, etc.). Some health conditions may make you more susceptible to the side-effects of the drug. Take as directed by your doctor or follow the direction printed on the product insert. Dosage is based on your condition. Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens. Important counseling points are listed below. Allergy Pregnancy or lactation Sensitive to any topical lotions or creams Skin disorders Skin infections When not to use Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate Hypersensitivity to Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a contraindication. In addition, Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate should not be used if you have the following conditions: Hypersensitivity Frequently asked Questions about of PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate Is Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoatesafe to use when pregnant? Propylene Glycol: Please consult with your doctor for case-specific recommendations. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate: Please consult with your doctor for case-specific recommendations. Is Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoatesafe while breastfeeding? Propylene Glycol: Please discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate: Please discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. Is it safe to drive or operate heavy machinery when using this product? If you experience drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension or a headache as side-effects when usingPropylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoatemedicine then it may not be safe to drive a vehicle or operate heavy machinery. One should not drive a vehicle if using the medicine makes you drowsy, dizzy or lowers your blood-pressure extensively. Pharmacists also advise patients not to drink alcohol with medicines as alcohol intensifies drowsiness side-effects. Please check for these effects on your body when using Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate. Always consult with your doctor for recommendations specific to your body and health conditions. Is PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate or product addictive or habit forming? Most medicines don't come with a potential for addiction or abuse. Usually, the government's categorizes medicines that can be addictive as controlled substances. Examples include schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US. Please consult the product package to make sure that the medicine does not belong to such special categorizations of medicines. Lastly, do not self-medicate and increase your body's dependence to medicines without the advice of a doctor. Can I stop using PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate immediately or do I have to slowly wean off the use? Some medicines need to be tapered or cannot be stopped immediately because of rebound effects. Please consult with your doctor for recommendations specific to your body, health and other medications that you may be using. Overdosage of Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate Do not use more than prescribed dose. Taking more medication will not improve your symptoms; rather they may cause poisoning or serious side-effects. If you suspect that you or anyone else who may have overdosed of Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate, please go to the emergency department of the closest hospital or nursing home. Bring a medicine box, container, or label with you to help doctors with necessary information. Do not give your medicines to other people even if you know that they have the same condition or it seems that they may have similar conditions. This may lead to overdosage. Please consult your physician or pharmacist or product package for more information. Storage of Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate Store medicines at room temperature, away from heat and direct light. Do not freeze medicines unless required by package insert. Keep medicines away from children and pets. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into drainage unless instructed to do so. Medication discarded in this manner may contaminate the environment. Please consult your pharmacist or doctor for more details on how to safely discard Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate. Expired Propylene Glycol / Peg-7 Glyceryl Cocoate Taking a single dose of expired Propylene Glycol / Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is unlikely to produce an adverse event. However, please discuss with your primary health provider or pharmacist for proper advice or if you feel unwell or sick. Expired drug may become ineffective in treating your prescribed conditions. To be on the safe side, it is important not to use expired drugs. If you have a chronic illness that requires taking medicine constantly such as heart condition, seizures, and life-threatening allergies, you are much safer keeping in touch with your primary health care provider so that you can have a fresh supply of unexpired medications. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is the basis of a number of laxatives. Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is also used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products. When attached to various protein medications, polyethylene glycol allows a slowed clearance of the carried protein from the blood. The possibility that Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate could be used to fuse axons is being explored by researchers studying peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury. Chemical uses of Polyethylene glycol (Peg-7 Glyceryl Cocoate) The remains of the 16th century carrack Mary Rose undergoing conservation treatment with Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate in the 1980s. Terra cotta warrior, showing traces of original color Because Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a hydrophilic molecule, it has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies. Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products. The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments. Since Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures (on the order of tens of atmospheres). It also is unlikely to have specific interactions with biological chemicals. These properties make Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemistry and biomembranes experiments, in particular when using the osmotic stress technique. Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate has also been used to preserve objects that have been salvaged from underwater, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm, and similar cases. It replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries. In addition, Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terracotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China. These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang (first emperor of China) era. Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xi'an air. The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes. The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to create some polymersomes. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate has also been used as a propellent on the UGM-133M Trident II Missile, in service with the United States Air Force. Biological uses of PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization. X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas. Polymer segments derived from Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions. In microbiology, Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate precipitation is used to concentrate viruses. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro. Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) can be Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate-coated to shield them from inactivation by the immune system and to de-target them from organs where they may build up and have a toxic effect. The size of the Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate polymer has been shown to be important, with larger polymers achieving the best immune protection. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) used to package siRNA for use in vivo. In blood banking, Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used as a potentiator to enhance detection of antigens and antibodies. When working with phenol in a laboratory situation, Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate 300 can be used on phenol skin burns to deactivate any residual phenol (some references are required). In biophysics, polyethylene glycols are the molecules of choice for the functioning ion channels diameter studies, because in aqueous solutions they have a spherical shape and can block ion channel conductance. Commercial uses of PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is the basis of many skin creams (as cetomacrogol) and personal lubricants (frequently combined with glycerin). Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used in a number of toothpastes as a dispersant. In this application, it binds water and helps keep xanthan gum uniformly distributed throughout the toothpaste. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is also under investigation for use in body armor, and in tattoos to monitor diabetes. In low-molecular-weight formulations (e.g. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate 400), it is used in Hewlett-Packard designjet printers as an ink solvent and lubricant for the print heads. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is also used as an anti-foaming agent in food and drinks – its INS number is 1521 or E1521 in the EU. Industrial uses of PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate A nitrate ester-plasticized polyethylene glycol (NEPE-75) is used in Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missile solid rocket fuel. Dimethyl ethers of Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate are the key ingredient of Selexol, a solvent used by coal-burning, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the gas waste stream. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate has been used as the gate insulator in an electric double-layer transistor to induce superconductivity in an insulator. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is also used as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes. Although not yet in commercial production, many groups around the globe are engaged in research on solid polymer electrolytes involving Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate, with the aim of improving their properties, and in permitting their use in batteries, electro-chromic display systems, and other products in the future. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is injected into industrial processes to reduce foaming in separation equipment. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used as a binder in the preparation of technical ceramics. Recreational uses Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used to extend the size and durability of very large soap bubbles. Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is the main ingredient in many personal lubricants. Health effects of PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is considered biologically inert and safe by the FDA. However, a growing body of evidence shows the existence of anti Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate antibodies in approximately 72% of the population based on plasma samples from 1990–1999. The FDA has been asked to investigate the possible effects of Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate in laxatives for children. Due to its ubiquity in a multitude of products and the large percentage of the population with antibodies to Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate, hypersensitive reactions to Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate are an increasing concern. Allergy to Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is usually discovered after a person has been diagnosed with an allergy to an increasing number of seemingly unrelated products, including processed foods, cosmetics, drugs, and other substances that contain Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate or were manufactured with Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate. When Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is chemically attached to therapeutic molecules (such as protein drugs or nanoparticles), it can sometimes be antigenic, stimulating an anti-Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate antibody response in some patients. This effect has only been shown for a few of the many available Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate therapeutics, but it has significant effects on clinical outcomes of affected patients. Other than these few instances where patients have anti-Peg 7 Glyceryl Cocoate immune responses, it is generally considered to be a safe component of drug formulations.

PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a non-ionic surfactant derived from coconut fatty acids and ethylene oxide.
PEG-7 Glyceryl cocoate is the polyethylene glycol ether of glyceryl cocoate.
Glyceryl cocoate is formed from glycerin and fatty acid obtained from coconut oil.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is produced by ethoxylation of glyceryl cocoate, with 7 ethylene oxide monomer units in the polymer chain.


CAS Number: 66105-29-1, 68201-46-7
Chem/IUPAC Name: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.''-1,2,3-propanetriyltris-.omega.-hydroxy-, monococonut acid ester (7 mol EO average molar ratio)


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is the polyethylene glycol ether of glyceryl cocoate.
Glyceryl cocoate is formed from glycerin and fatty acid obtained from coconut oil.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is produced by ethoxylation of glyceryl cocoate, with 7 ethylene oxide monomer units in the polymer chain.


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is non-ionic, ethoxlyated polyethylene glycol ester made from glycerin & coconut oil
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is not a finished cosmetic product.
This synthetic polymer, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate, is based on PEG (polyethylene glycol) and fatty acids derived from coconut oil.


Due to the presence of PEG, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate may contain potentially toxic manufacturing impurities such as 1,4-dioxane.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a liquid raw material with a density of 0.940 GR / CM3 , in liquid form, with a slightly yellow color and a characteristic odor.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a complex blend of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative and coconut + glycerin-derived cleansing agent, meaning that it can be described as coconut-derived.


The blend can be an emollient, emulsifier, and surfactant.
As an emollient, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate helps soften and smooth skin, making it a useful addition to moisturisers, hair conditioners, and cleansers.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel has ruled that PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is safe as used in rinse-off products and is safe in leave-on products in amounts up to 10%.


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate can be added to formulas as is. Typical use level of PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is 1 - 10%.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a non-ionic surfactant, used mainly in cosmetic applications.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a derivative based on renewable vegetable raw materials such as polyoxyethylated fatty acid esters and glycerol.


The content of the active substance exceeds 99%.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is non-ionic, ethoxlyated polyethylene glycol ester made from glycerin & coconut oil.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate's HLB value 11 (gives oil-in-water emulsions).


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used for external use only.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used universally applicable, especially in liquid soaps, lotions, body washes, shower gels, hair shampoos, facial cleansers, bubble baths, decorative cosmetics.


PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a synthetic polymer that is made by the reaction of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the fatty acids derived from coconut or palm kernel oil.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a mild compound that helps to combine oil-based and water-based ingredients together.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a water soluble polyol fatty acid ester.


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a non-ionic surface active agent and acts as an emulsifying agent.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate has emollient and conditioning effects on skin.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate also has super-fatting properties.
PEG is a large family of polymer compounds whose applications and properties differ according to their molecular weight and structure.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate, in addition to providing the benefits of the individual molecules, i.e. PEG, glycerol and coconut oil, a combination of all of them, also makes it an emollient, surfactant and emulsifier in products cosmetics.
Glycerol and PEG have the property of attracting water molecules and making them available to the skin.


Thus, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate helps dry skin improve considerably by acting as an emollient.
When used in any product and applied to the skin, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate forms a semi-permeable film on the skin surface that not only protects the skin from external factors, but also preserves moisture.


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is also beneficial for skin affected by eczema, psoriasis, and other inflammatory conditions.
As previously mentioned, when PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate functions as an emulsifier, it stabilizes the product and prevents the components from separating into their oil and water components, and rather provides a consistent and homogeneous mix of ingredients in the product.


As a surfactant, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate helps remove dirt trapped in oil from the skin by helping it mix with water, which can be easily rinsed away.
In this way, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate provides the skin with a fresh and rejuvenated appearance.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used in formulations of liquid soaps, body washes, facial cleansers, shampoos, and other personal care products.


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used as raw material for making cosmetics or add directly to finished skin care products.
Use of PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate: Can be added to formulas as is, usual concentration 1 - 10%.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used for external use only.


Applications of PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate: Universally applicable, especially in liquid soaps, lotions, body washes, shower gels, hair shampoos, facial cleansers, bubble baths, decorative cosmetics.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used appling a product in cosmetics and personal hygiene.


PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate also helps to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is Regenerative in shampoo, shower gel, liquid soaps.


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is an ester obtained from emollient glycerol ethoxylated.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a clear, light yellow hydrophilic emollient for shampoo, shower gels and bath foam formulations and a solubility enhancer for essential oils and fragrances and a co-emulsifier for O/W emulsions, creams and lotions.


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a solubilizer for lipophilic substances.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a hydrophilic refatting agent for mild shampoos, shower and bath preparations.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate has leaves a pleasant skin feel.


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate gives a dense, creamy foam.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate decreases irritation potential of surfactants.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is clearly soluble in aqueous surfactant solutions.


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate acts as a superfatting agent to hair and skin.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is solubilize oils and oil-soluble ingredients (e.g. menthol, salicylic acid and its derivatives, camphor).
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is stable in medium pH range (app. 5 to 8).


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate results in surfactant preparations with good foam quality.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used in the formulation of hair dyes and colors, shampoos, cleaning products, and skin care and bath products.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a non-ionic surfactant, derived from Glycerine and Coconut Oil.


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate has emollient properties and is used as a re-fatting agent to balance the effect of aggressive primary surfactants.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate leaves the skin soft and the hair smooth and shiny.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is stable at a wide range of pH and it is noted for giving substance and richness to foam.


In alcohol based lotions such as tonics or pre/after-shaving lotions, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate has a lubricating effect and reduces stress on the skin.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate solubilises fats into water-based solutions.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used shower gels, bubble baths, mild detergents, liquid soaps, shampoos, 2 in 1 shampoos, hair dyes.


One advantage of PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate is that it is a very gentle surfactant, making it suitable for fine or delicate hair.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is known for its moisturizing and softening properties, which help to keep hair soft and hydrated.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is often used as an emulsifier and solubilizing agent in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and lotions.


Additionally, PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate is water-soluble, making it easily miscible with other ingredients in hair care formulations.
This solubility also makes the surfactant easy to remove from hair during washing, preventing excessive buildup.
However, as with all ingredients, it is important to pay attention to the concentration of PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate in hair care products.


Too high concentrations can potentially cause skin and scalp irritations, so PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is important to follow the manufacturer’s usage recommendations and watch for any adverse reactions.
In summary, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a versatile and gentle ingredient often used in hair care products.


However, as with all ingredients, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is important to be mindful of its concentration in products and possible side effects.
With the proper formulation and appropriate use, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate can help to maintain healthy, soft, and hydrated hair.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is widely used in the cosmetic and industrial sector.


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate's lubricating feature comes to the fore in its use.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is generally used in hair care products, skin care products and color cosmetics.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is an emulsifier that helps stabilise and thicken formulas, allowing to create solid products and therefore remove the need for unnecessary packaging and synthetic preservatives.


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate also conditions the hair and skin, giving shine and softness.
As an emulsifier, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate attracts and hold together water and oil-based ingredients such as rose infusion or jojoba oil.
Without emulsifiers, the formula would separate, causing oil droplets to float on top of the water.


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a clear, light yellow water-loving oil that comes from coconut/palm kernel oil and glycerin.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate's a mild cleansing agent popular in baby washes and sensitive skin formulas.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate's also a so-called solubilizer that helps to dissolve oils and oil-soluble ingredients (e.g.essential oils or salicylic acid) in water-based formulas.


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate, a compound belonging to this group, is an emulsifier that helps stabilize and thicken cosmetic formulations, thereby eliminating synthetic preservatives to form solid products.
As an ingredient in cosmetics, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate enhances hair and skin care, leaving hair shiny and skin soft.


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is primarily used in products that do not have long-term contact with the skin, but are rinsed from the surface after a short time.
It is not recommended to apply products containing PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate to damaged skin.
PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a water-soluble ingredient that has many benefits in the cosmetic industry.


PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate conditions the skin and hair while also thickening the formulations.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is basically an oil that is light yellow in color and has a distinctive odor.
Categorizing broadly, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is an emulsifier, emollient, and surfactant.
PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate can be found in products like cleansers, moisturizers, hair conditioners, etc.


-Acts as a lubricant:
On the surface of your skin, it acts as a lubricant to give it a soft, smooth feel.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate's also used in formulas to help create an emulsion.
An ether of Glyceryl Cocoate, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate's used in personal care products like hair dyes, shampoos, conditioners, and skincare and bath products.


-Application of PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate:
*liquid soaps,
*body lotions,
*shower gels,
*after shave and other alcohol preparations,
*intimate hygiene lotions and gels,
*shampoo,
*face cleansers (face gels and foams, washing oils, tonics, micellar liquids),


-Application of PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate:
*bath lotions,
*creams and balms
*sunscreens,
*colouring cosmetics,
*hair styling preparations,
*protective lipstick preparations,
*dishwashing liquids,
*car chemicals.



WHAT IS PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE USED FOR?
PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a multi-functional ingredient that can be found in a range of products such as cleansers, hair conditioners, and shampoos.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate has benefits for both skin and hair.

*Hair care:
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate effortlessly combines oil and water together - thus proving beneficial in cleaning the dirt and oil out of the hair.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate treats rough and dry hair to leave them feeling healthy

*Skin care:
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate helps in restoring the skin’s natural barrier and locks in moisture to give smoothness and lawlessness.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is lightweight and non-greasy, so it does not weigh the skin down

*Cosmetic products:
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate improves the look and feel of cosmetic products by adding desired thickness and texture to them.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate mixes oil and water components together and thus stabilizes the formulations



GENERAL FEATURES OF PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is the INCI name for compounds that are derivatives of glycerides and coconut oil.
PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate CAS number is 68201-46-7. The traditional name used in the literature is coconut oil monoglyceride polyoxyethylated with 7 moles of ethylene oxide.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is obtained from polyethylene glycol, glycerol and fatty acid from coconut oil.
PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate has hydrophilic properties.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a non-ionic surfactant (emulsifies) with poor water solubility.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate comes as an oily liquid at room temperature.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate dissolves very well in non-polar solvents such as ethanol, isopropanol or acetone.
PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate has a characteristic odor and color ranging from straw yellow to light yellow.
The molar mass of PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate is approx. 600 g/mol.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate shows very good stability in the pH range of 5 to 8.



BENEFITS OF PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
*Multifunctional agent with excellent emulsifying, emollient, refatting & thickening properties
*Very useful as surfactant and foam booster
*Has good conditioning effect for soft and smooth skin



FUNCTIONS OF PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
*Skin-Conditioning Agent
*Emollient; Surfactant
*Emulsifying Agent



USES AND BENEFITS OF PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate, in addition to providing the benefits of the individual molecules, i.e. PEG, glycerol and coconut oil, a combination of all of them, also makes it an emollient, surfactant and emulsifier in products cosmetics.
Glycerol and PEG have the property of attracting water molecules and making them available to the skin.

Thus, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate helps dry skin improve considerably by acting as an emollient.
When used in any product and applied to the skin, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate forms a semi-permeable film on the skin surface that not only protects the skin from external factors, but also preserves moisture.

PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is also beneficial for skin affected by eczema, psoriasis, and other inflammatory conditions.
As previously mentioned, when PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate functions as an emulsifier, it stabilizes the product and prevents the components from separating into their oil and water components, and rather provides a consistent and homogeneous mix of ingredients in the product.

As a surfactant, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate helps remove dirt trapped in oil from the skin by helping it mix with water, which can be easily rinsed away.
In this way, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate provides the skin with a fresh and rejuvenated appearance.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used in formulations of liquid soaps, body washes, facial cleansers, shampoos, and other personal care products as it helps it mix with water, which can be easily rinsed out.

In this way, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate provides the skin with a fresh and rejuvenated appearance.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used in formulations of liquid soaps, body washes, facial cleansers, shampoos, and other personal care products.



FUNCTIONS OF PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SURFACTANT - CLEANSING:
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used surface-active agent to clean skin, hair and / or teeth
*SURFACTANT - EMULSIFYING:
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate allows the formation of finely dispersed mixtures of oil and water (emulsions)



COSMETIC USE OF PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
*Effect of PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate in cosmetic formulations:
good cleansing properties, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used in scalp and hair cleansing products such as shampoos or bubble baths;
If added to detergents, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate improves the quality of the foam. Foam formation directly determines the mechanism that removes dirt and foreign matter from the surface;

PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a co-emulsifier for many substances that do not dissolve well in water, such as menthol, salicylic acid or essential oils.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate helps to form an emulsion and keep it stable.
Without emulsifiers, the formula would stratify and oil droplets would float on the water;

PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is used as an emollient in hair care products.
Products containing PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate significantly improve the condition of dry skin;
When applied to the skin with creams, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate forms a semi-permeable film on the surface, both protecting the skin against external factors and trapping moisture.

Emollients such as PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate are particularly beneficial for people with dry, rough skin and/or flaky skin.
Application of emollients helps alleviate these symptoms;
in cosmetics, PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate also acts as an emulsifier, where it stabilizes the product and helps oil and water-based ingredients emulsify, making the mixture sticky and homogeneous;

As a surfactant, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate helps to remove the dirt accumulated in the oil on the skin, increases the mixing of the easily rinsed dirt with water.
Thus leaving the skin refreshed and rejuvenated;
functions include relubrication.
Washing removes oil/oil substances, so we use lubricants that restore the lipid barrier.



NON-COSMETIC USE OF PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate is particularly popular in the beauty industry.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate's properties characteristic of most surfactants is also used in the detergent industry, especially for household use.
For this reason, you can find, for example, PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate among the components of washing liquids.
PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate meets the same features and functions in automotive chemicals.



WHAT DOES PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emollient
*Emulsifying
*Surfactant



PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE AT A GLANCE:
*Emollient, surfactant, and emulsifier that’s partially derived from coconut
*Often used in moisturisers, hair conditioners, and cleansers
*Purification process helps control any potentially dangerous byproducts
*Deemed safe as used in cosmetics



BENEFITS OF PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
*Multifunctional agent with excellent emulsifying, emollient, refatting & thickening properties
*Very useful as surfactant and foam booster
*Has good conditioning effect for soft and smooth skin



ADVANTAGES OF PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
*universal, effective emollient and conditioning agent in washable cosmetics,
*smoothes the skin and hair,
*very good emulsifying and washing properties,
*compatibility and synergism of action with anionic and amphoteric surfactants,
*foam stabilizer,
*acts as co-emulsifier,
*stabilizes oil-in-water (O / W) emulsions,
*biodegradable and well tolerated by the skin and mucous membranes,
*based on renewable vegetable raw materials.



SAFETY PROFILE OF PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate is safe for use in rinse-off products such as cleansers and shampoos.
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate can also be used in leave-on products up to a concentration of 10%.
Additionally, PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate is non-comedogenic and does not clog pores or cause acne.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
pH: 5.0-8.0
Solubility: Soluble in water
Viscosity: Low
Appearance, Physical State: Liquid
Odor: Mild
Taste: Not available
Color: Pale yellow
Molecular Weight: Not available
pH (3% sol. in water) 6.0-7.5
Boiling Point: Not available
Melting Point: 25°C
Vapor Pressure: Not available
Vapor Density: Not available
Evaporation Rate: Not available
Flammability: Not available
Upper/lower Explosive Limit: Not available
Solubility: Soluble in water
Flash Point: Not available
Specific Gravity: 1.064



FIRST AID MEASURES of PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
*Eyes:
Immediate medical attention is required.
Rinse immediately with plenty of water, also under the eyelids, for at least 15 minutes.
*Inhalation:
Move to fresh air.
Immediate medical attention is required.
*Skin:
Wash off immediately with soap and plenty of water while removing all contaminated clothing and shoes.
Obtain medical attention.
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
*Ingestion:
Drink plenty of water.
If possible, drink milk afterwards.
Call a physician immediately



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
-Personal precautions, protective,equipment and emergency procedures:
(Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up)
Keep unnecessary personnel away.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering them.
Absorb with inert absorbent such as dry clay, sand or diatomaceous earth, commercial sorbents, or recover using pumps.
Dike the spilled material, where this is possible.
Prevent product from entering drains.
*Large Spills:
Dike the spilled material, where this is possible.
Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
Absorb in vermiculite, dry sand or earth and place into containers.
*Small Spills:
Wipe up with absorbent material (e.g. cloth, fleece).
-Environmental precautions:
Retain and dispose of contaminated wash water.
Contact local authorities in case of spillage to drain/aquatic environment.
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
-Suitable extinguishing media:
Water spray, fog, CO2, dry chemical, or alcohol resistant foam.
-Fire fighting instructions:
Specific methods:
Use water spray to cool unopened containers.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
-Biological limit values:
No biological exposure limits noted for the ingredient(s).
-Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Wear safety glasses with side shields (or goggles).
*Skin protection:
**Hand protection:
Chemical resistant gloves.
**Other:
Wear suitable protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
*Thermal hazards:
Wear appropriate thermal protective clothing, when necessary.
*General hygiene considerations:
Always observe good personal hygiene measures, such as washing after handling the material and before eating, drinking, and/or smoking.
Routinely wash work clothing and protective equipment to remove contaminants.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
Do not handle or store near an open flame, heat or other sources of ignition.
Take precautionary measures against static discharges.
All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
Wash thoroughly after handling.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container closed.
Handle containers with care.
Open slowly in order to control possible pressure release.
Store in a cool, well-ventilated area.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PEG 7 GLYCERYL COCOATE:
-Reactivity:
Stable under normal conditions
-Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal conditions
-Hazardous Polymerization:
Will not occur
-Conditions to Avoid:
No additional precautions
-Special Remarks:
None



SYNONYMS:
Glycerides
coco mono- and di-
ethoxylated
Glycerides, coco mono- and di-, ethoxylated
PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate
macrogoli 7 glyceroli cocoas
Cetiol He
Polyoxyethylen(7) Glycerylcocoat
peg-7 Glyceril Cocoate
GLYCERYL OLEATE
GLYCERIN