ozokerite, Cas : 64742-33-2 / 8021-55-4, EC : 265-134-6, L’ozokérite ou ozocérite , autrefois appelé earthwax (cire de terre) est une roche naturellement odorante et ayant la consistance d'une cire (en raison de sa teneur en Paraffine. Il existe de nombreux gisements dans le monde de cet hydrocarbure naturel1. Il s'agit d'une roche riche en carbone fossile constituée d'un mélange naturel de paraffines à longue chaîne et parfois classé dans les huiles minérales. On nomme parfois aussi (mais improprement) ozocérite une « cire » extraite (par traitement physicochimique) de la lignine

p-amino benzoic acid; p-aminobenzoate; p-aminobenzoic acid; p-amino-Benzoic acid; para-aminobenzoic acid; Vitamin BX; Vitamin H1; PABA, N° CAS : 150-13-0, Nom INCI : PABA, Nom chimique : 4-Aminobenzoic acid, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 205-753-0. Noms français : 4-Aminobenzoic acid; 4-CARBOXANILINE; ACIDE AMINO-4 BENZOIQUE; Acide amino-4 benzoïque; Acide aminobenzoïque (para-); Acide p-aminobenzoique; Acide para-aminobenzoique; BENZOIC ACID, 4-AMINO-; BENZOIC ACID, P-AMINO-; p-Aminobenzoic acid; P-CARBOXANILINE; P-CARBOXYPHENYLAMINE. Noms anglais : 4-Aminobenzoic acid. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de produits qui préviennent les brûlures causées par le soleil. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Non classé : Non classé; 150-13-0 [RN]. 205-753-0 [EINECS]; 471605 [Beilstein]; 4-Aminobenzoesäure [German] ; 4-Aminobenzoic Acid; 4-Aminobenzoic acid ; 4-aminophenylcarboxylic acid ;4-Carboxyphenylamine; Acide 4-aminobenzoïque [French] ; Acido p-aminobenzoico [Italian]; aminobenzoic acid [USP]; Aniline-4-carboxylic acid; Anti-Gray-hair Factor; Benzoic acid, 4-amino- ; Kyselina p-aminobenzoova ; PABA; p-amino benzoic acid; p-aminobenzoate; p-aminobenzoic acid; p-amino-Benzoic acid; para-aminobenzoic acid; Vitamin BX; Vitamin H1; ZR DVQ [WLN]; Actipol; Anticantic vitamin; Antichromotrichia factor; Pabagel ; Trochromogenic factor; γ-Aminobenzoic acid; 1-Amino-4-carboxybenzene; 4-Aminobenzoesaeure; 4-azaniumylbenzoate; 4-Carboxyaniline; ABEE; Acidum paraminobenzoicum; AMBEN; Anticanitic vitamin; Anti-chromotrichia factor; Bacterial vitamin H1;Benzoic acid, p-amino-; Chromotrichia factor; Hachemina; PAB; Pabacyd; Pabafilm; Pabamine; Pabanol; p-Aminobenzoesaeure; Papacidum; Para amino benzoic acid; para-amino benzoic acid; Paraminobenzoic Acid; Paraminol; Paranate; p-Carboxyaniline; p-Carboxyphenylamine; Potaba ; Romavit; Sunbrella ; Trichochromogenic factor; γ-Aminobenzoate; γ-Aminobenzoic acid; 对氨基苯甲酸 [Chinese]

EUCALYPTUS OIL ; eucalyptus globulus leaf oil; eucalyptus 80/85%; eucalyptus globulus oil; eucalyptus ess. oil (for fragrance) (Robertet); hydroessential eucalyptus; hydroessential eucalyptus; eucalyptus forte CAS NO:8000-48-4

SYNONYMS PEG; Macrogol; Polyoxyethlene; Aquaffin; Nycoline;alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl); polyethylene glycols; Poly Ethylene Oxide; Polyoxyethylene; Polyglycol; 1,2-ethanediol Ehoxylated; Polyoxyethylene ether; Polyoxyethylene; Poly(ethylene glycol); CAS NO:25322-68-3

Polyaluminum chlorohydrate; Polyaluminum hydroxychloride CAS NO:1327-41-9

Polyaluminum chlorohydrate; Polyaluminum hydroxychloride CAS NO:1327-41-9

PATCHOULI OIL ; patchouli oil; patchouli heart ; patchouli purecoeur essential oil; pogostemon patchouli oil; patchouli fraction oil; volatile oil obtained from the leaves of the patchouli, pogostemon cablin, labiatae CAS NO:8014-09-3

Palatinol IC is an odorless plasticizer with the molecular formula C16H22O4.
Palatinol IC is a phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of isobutanol.
Palatinol IC belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoic acid esters.

CAS Number: 84-69-5
EC Number: 201-553-2
Chemical formula: C16H22O4
Molar mass: 278.348 g·mol−1

Synonyms: Bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, Diisobutyl phthalate, Di-iso-butyl phthalate, Di(i-butyl)phthalate, Diisobutyl ester of phthalic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, Bis(2-methylpropyl)ester, Di(isobutyl) 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, Isobutyl-O-phthalate, DIBP, DiBP, Palatinol IC, DIISOBUTYL PHTHALATE, 84-69-5, DIBP, Palatinol IC, Isobutyl phthalate, Phthalic Acid Diisobutyl Ester, Hexaplas M/1B, Kodaflex DIBP, Di-iso-butyl phthalate, Phthalic acid, diisobutyl ester, Di(i-butyl)phthalate, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, Diisobutylester kyseliny ftalove, NSC 15316, bis(2-methylpropyl) phthalate, isobutyl-o-phthalate, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, DTXSID9022522, di-2-methylpropyl phthalate, di-l-butyl phthalate (DIBP), IZ67FTN290, CHEBI:79053, NSC-15316, Hatcol DIBP, DTXCID602522, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di(2-methylpropyl) ester, Phthalic acid, bis-isobutyl ester, CAS-84-69-5, SMR000112470, di-isobutyl phthalate, CCRIS 6193, HSDB 5247, AI3-04278 (USDA), EINECS 201-553-2, BRN 2054802, UNII-IZ67FTN290, AI3-04278, Isobutyl phthalate (VAN), bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, EC 201-553-2, Diisobutyl phthalate, 99%, SCHEMBL42787, 4-09-00-03177 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), MLS000516002, MLS002152902, BIDD:ER0640, 1, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, CHEMBL1370662, HMS2269D07, NSC15316, Tox21_202429, Tox21_300612, MFCD00026480, AKOS015837516, Diisobutyl phthalate (ACD/Name 4.0), WLN: 1Y1&1OVR BVO1Y1&1, NCGC00091360-01, NCGC00091360-02, NCGC00091360-03, NCGC00091360-04, NCGC00254487-01, NCGC00259978-01, FT-0689059, NS00010605, P0298, Q162259, 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, J-503794, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid di(2-methylpropyl) ester, Phthalic acid, bis-isobutyl ester 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane, Diisobutyl phthalate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, DIBP, Di(i-butyl)phthalate, Di-iso-butyl phthalate, Diisobutylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech], Hatcol DIBP, Hexaplas M/1B, Isobutyl phthalate, Kodaflex DIBP, Palatinol IC, Phthalic acid, diisobutyl ester, Phthaloyl dichloride, MFCD01861606, EINECS 201-553-2, Phthalyl chloride, bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, Phthalic dichloride, 1,2-Benzenedicarbonyl dichloride, tetraphthaloyl chloride, Phthalic acid dichloride, diisobutyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, di-l-butyl phthalate (DIBP), Diisobutyl phthalate, phthaloyl chloride, Phthalyl dichloride, benzene-1,2-dicarbonyl dichloride, Phthalic chloride, 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid diisobutyl ester, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, AI3-04278, bisoflex DIBA, bisoflex DIBP, di(isobutyl) 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, DIBP (=diisobutyl phthalate), diplast B, hatcol DIBP, hexaplas M 18, hexaplas M/1B, hexaplas MIB, isobutyl phthalate, jayflex DIBP, kodaflex DIBP, mollan L, phthalic acid diisobutyl ester, vestinol IB), DBP, ARALDITE RESIN, Butyl phthalate, N-BUTYL PHTHALATE, Dibutyl phthalate, Dibutyl-o-phthalate, Di-n-butyl phthalate, Dibutyl Phthalate(DBP), Diisobutyl Phthalate(DIBP), PHTHALIC ACID DIBUTYL ESTER, Phthalic acid di-n-butyl ester, Dibutyl phthalate,abbreviation, PHTHALIC ACID DI-N-BUTYL ESTER, PHTHALIC ACID, BIS-BUTYL ESTER, dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, O-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID DIBUTYL ESTER, Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid di-n-butylester, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di(2-methylpropyl) ester, Bis(2-methylpropyl) phthalate, Di-2-methylpropyl phthalate, DIBP, Diisobutyl phthalic acid, Hexaplas M/1B, Isobutyl phthalate,

Palatinol IC is an organic compound used as a plasticizer in the production of plastic and rubber.
Palatinol IC is a colorless, oily liquid with a slight odor.

Palatinol IC is a phthalate ester, which is a type of chemical compound derived from phthalic acid.
Palatinol IC is a clear liquid.

Palatinol IC is a colorless oily liquid with a slight ester odor.
Palatinol IC is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 tonnes per annum.

Palatinol IC is a phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of isobutanol.
Palatinol IC is oily colorless liquid with a slight ester odor.

Palatinol IC is an odorless plasticizer with the molecular formula C16H22O4.
Palatinol IC is a phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of isobutanol.

Palatinol IC is soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone and benzene.
Palatinol IC belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoic acid esters.
These are ester derivatives of benzoic acid.

Palatinol IC is prepared by esterification process of isobutanol and phthalic anhydride.
Palatinol IC is an odorless plasticizer and has excellent heat and light stability.

Palatinol IC is the lowest cost plasticizer for cellulose nitrate.
Palatinol IC has lower density and freezing point than DBP.

Palatinol IC has similar properties as dibutyl phthalate and can be used as a substitute for it.
Palatinol IC is an oily colorless liquid with a slight ester odor.

Palatinol IC is denser than water.
Palatinol IC is insoluble in water.

Palatinol IC is a phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of isobutanol.
Palatinol IC has a role as a plasticiser, a teratogenic agent and a PPAR modulator.

Palatinol IC is a phthalate ester and a diester.
Palatinol IC is functionally related to an isobutanol.

Palatinol IC is an odorless plasticizer and has excellent heat and light stability.
Palatinol IC is the lowest cost plasticizer for cellulose nitrate.
Palatinol IC has lower density and freezing point than DBP (dibutyl phthalate, CAS No.: 84-74-2).

Palatinol IC can substitute dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in most, if not all, applications.
Since Palatinol IC is not chemically bound in the polymer matrix it may outgas or be released upon contact with fluids and fat.
In the environment Palatinol IC is degraded relatively fast.

Palatinol IC is compatible with PVC.
Palatinol IC is a phthalate ester having the structural formula C6H4(COOCH2CH(CH3)2)2.

Palatinol IC is formed by the esterification of isobutanol and phthalic anhydride.
When it comes to excretion, Palatinol IC is first converted into the hydrolytic monoester monoisobutyl phthalate (MIBP).

The primary excretory route is urine, with biliary excretion being noted in minor amounts.
Palatinol IC has lower density and freezing point than the related compound dibutyl phthalate (DBP).

Palatinol IC can be sold as a pure substance or as a component of mixtures with other phthalate plasticizers or chemicals.
Examples are dioctyl phthalate (DOP), diisononyl-phthalate (DINP), or bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP).
Palatinol IC is a natural product found in Artemisia baldshuanica, Lythrum salicaria, and other organisms with data available.

Uses of Palatinol IC:
Palatinol IC is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Palatinol IC is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and polymers.

Other release to the environment of Palatinol IC is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).
Release to the environment of Palatinol IC can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, formulation of mixtures and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Other release to the environment of Palatinol IC is likely to occur from: indoor use, outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).

Palatinol IC can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators.
Palatinol IC can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture) and wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys).

Palatinol IC is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, polymers and adhesives and sealants.
Palatinol IC is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.

Palatinol IC is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Palatinol IC can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).

Other release to the environment of Palatinol IC is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).
Palatinol IC is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and polymers.

Palatinol IC has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of Palatinol IC can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Palatinol IC has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Palatinol IC is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Palatinol IC is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Palatinol IC can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and in the production of articles.

Release to the environment of Palatinol IC can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of Palatinol IC.
Palatinol IC is a plasticizer in used in consumer
products as a substitute ingredient to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) due to structural similarities.

Therefore, Palatinol IC's presence in products may increase.
Palatinol IC is a plasticizer used in poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) plastic to increase flexibility.

Palatinol IC can be used replacement for dibutyl phthalate due to lower production costs.
Additionally, Palatinol IC can be used in applications such as ink, coatings, lacquers, and adhesives.

Palatinol IC acts as a plasticizer.
Palatinol IC can be used as a replacement for dibutyl phthalate due to lower production costs.

Palatinol IC is used in poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) plastic to increase flexibility.
Palatinol IC is used as plasticizer.

Palatinol IC is used in paints, lacquers, and varnishes.
Palatinol IC is also used in the paper and pulp industry and to make boards, chemicals, polymers, adhesives, softeners, and viscosity adjusters.

Palatinol IC is prepared by esterification process of isobutanol and phthalic anhydride.
Palatinol IC is an odorless plasticizer and has excellent heat and light stability.

Palatinol IC is the lowest cost plasticizer for cellulose nitrate.
Palatinol IC has lower density and freezing point than DBP.

Palatinol IC has similar properties as dibutyl phthalate and can be used as a substitute for it.
Palatinol IC is a colorless transparent oily liquid used as an alternative to DBP (Dibutyl Phthalate).

Palatinol IC is used in nitrocellulose and alkyd resin paints.
Palatinol IC is prepared by esterification process of isobutanol and phthalic anhydride.

Palatinol IC is an odorless plasticizer and has excellent heat and light stability.
Palatinol IC is the lowest cost plasticizer for cellulose nitrate.

Palatinol IC has lower density and freezing point than DBP.
Palatinol IC has similar properties as dibutyl phthalate and can be used as a substitute for it.

Palatinol IC is a plasticizer that is used in nitrocellulose, alkyd resin paints, inks, coatings, lacquers, and adhesives.
Due to lower production costs, Palatinol IC is used as an alternative to DBP (Dibutyl Phthalate).

Palatinol IC is a plasticizer that is used with different polymers such as polyacrylate, poly acetate dispersions, cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, polyurethane, and polyvinyl butyrate.
Palatinol IC often is used in combination with other phthalates.

Palatinol IC is used most of the time as a substitute for DBP.
Palatinol IC is used in the plasticization of PVC, the production of paints, printing inks, and adhesives.

Some of Palatinol IC uses include: Floorings, Paints, Industrial adhesives, Lacquers, Printing inks, Hydraulic fluids, and Lubricants.
Palatinol IC is used in a variety of products, including food packaging, medical devices, and toys.

Palatinol IC is used as a plasticizer in the manufacture of flexible PVC products, such as wire and cable insulation, vinyl flooring, adhesives, and coatings.
Palatinol IC is also used in the production of lacquers, printing inks, and synthetic leather.

Palatinol IC is a Dialkyl phthalate ester phthalate plasticizer which can be used as a substitute of dibutyl phthalate.
Palatinol IC as well as other phthalates have genotoxic effects and studies shown an increase in its monoester metabolite in human urine over the years.

Palatinol IC is one of the main plasticizers in common use.
Palatinol IC can be used as plasticizer of cellulose resin, vinyl resin, NBR and chlorinated rubber.

Similar to Palatinol IC, it has excellent solubility, dispersibility and adhesion.
Palatinol IC has good compatibility with pigment.

Palatinol IC can be used for coloring film, artificial leather and plastic products.
Palatinol IC can also be used as softener of natural rubber and synthetic rubber to improve the resilience of products.

Palatinol IC can be used as a substitute for DBP.
Palatinol IC is a phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of isobutanol Palatinol IC is considered a specialty plasticizer that is too volatile for use in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Palatinol IC is often combined with other phthalates.
Palatinol IC has good heat and light stability and has been used as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose (lowest cost plasticizer for cellulose nitrate), cellulose ether, and polyacrylate and polyacetate dispersions.

Palatinol IC is used in nail polish, cosmetics, lubricants, floor carpets, tapestry, clothing treatments, rubber dentistry settings, as a fuel stabilizer, in leather varnishes and lacquers, as a concrete additive, as an adjusting agent for lead chromate paint pigments, explosive material, lacquer manufacturing, and methyl methacrylate applications.

Palatinol IC is also used in printing inks for paper and packaging.
Because Palatinol IC has similar properties as dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Palatinol ICcan be used as a substitute for DBP.

Palatinol IC is mainly used as nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride and other plasticizers; General Chemical analysis reagents for gas chromatography stationary liquid.
Palatinol IC is used as solvents, pesticides, plasticizers.

Palatinol IC has similar properties as dibutyl phthalate and can be used as a substitute for it.
Palatinol IC is synthesized by chemical reaction of phthalic acid with iso-butyl alcohol.

Palatinol IC is a plasticizer with coagulating properties which was used with different polymers, e.g. poly acrylate, poly acetate dispersions, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, ethyl cellulose, polyurethane, and polyvinyl butyrate.
In combination with other plasticizers Palatinol IC was applied as gellant in processing of so-called plastisols.

Palatinol IC is present for instance in floorings, adhesives, lacquers, inks, hydraulic fluids and lubricants.
Palatinol IC was used as marker in fuels for tax purposes and also in the production of titanium catalysers.
Palatinol IC can be used as a replacement for dibutyl phthalate due to lower production costs.

Palatinol IC is used in adhesives.
Palatinol IC may be used as a component in formulations of several products including adhesives, paints, coatings and lubricants.

This and other phthalates are used as plasticizers due to their flexibility and durability.
They are found in many industrial and personal products, such as lacquers, nail polish and cosmetics.

Industry uses:
Palatinol IC is used as a plasticizer additive in a range of plastic and rubber materials.
Palatinol IC has low volatility, which makes it ideal for use in products that require long-lasting flexibility, e.g. automotive parts, wire and cable insulation, and flooring.
Palatinol IC is dense and water-insoluble.

Food Industry:
Palatinol IC is used as a plasticizer in food packaging materials, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films and sheets.
Palatinol IC is also used in food contact materials, such as adhesives, coatings, and sealants.
Palatinol IC is used to improve the flexibility, durability, and transparency of these materials.

Production Method of Palatinol IC:
Palatinol IC is manufactured by esterifying phthalic anhydride and isobutanol in the presence of sulfuric acid.
Palatinol IC is synthesized by the esterification process of isobutanol and phthalic anhydride in the presence of sulphuric acid as a catalyst.

Synthesis of Palatinol IC:
Palatinol IC is synthesized by a double nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction between phthalic anhydride and isobutanol, using various acids as a catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, sulfonated graphene, or iron(III) chloride.
Water is a byproduct.
Using sulfuric acid, the yield is 61% yield.

Optimization of Palatinol IC:
Sulfonated graphene is a heterogeneous catalyst that has several advantages over traditional liquid acids like sulfuric acid.
Sulfonated graphene can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by filtration and can be reused multiple times without reduction in activity.

Furthermore, sulfonated graphene is environmentally friendly, as Palatinol ICdoes not produce hazardous waste materials that are typically generated during the use of traditional liquid acid catalysts.
This method has a 95% yield.

Lewis acids, such as FeCl3, can also be used as the catalyst.
The Lewis acid catalysis process can be run at lower temperatures (50-100 °C), and gives a yield of 86%.

Actions Mechanism of Palatinol IC:

PPARγ Pathway:
The effects of Palatinol IC exposure are mainly realized through its activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ).
PPARs are ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors, the family consists of PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ.
There are two isoforms of PPARγ, PPARγ2 is mainly present on cells in adipose tissue, whereas PPARγ1 is found on multiple cells like those in the gut, brain, blood vessels, and some immune and inflammatory cells.

Transcriptional regulation through PPARs requires the formation of a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor (RXR).
Upon activation by Palatinol IC this PPARγ/RXR heterodimer binds to a DNA sequence called the PPAR response element (PPRE).
Binding of the transcription factor to this response element can result in either up- or down-regulation of genes.

PPARγ is involved in lipid metabolism and storage as well as glucose metabolism through improving insulin sensitivity, so binding of Palatinol IC leads to altered leptin and insulin levels.
Palatinol IC also leads to a down-regulation of proteins involved in steroid production, resulting in higher levels of androgenic hormones.

Cytokine-cytokine receptor pathway
Another type of pathway affected by Palatinol IC exposure is the cytokine-cytokine receptor pathway.
There are two pathways affected: the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) and the prolactin receptor pathway, both of which affect spermatogenesis.

Environmental Reactions of Palatinol IC:
Palatinol IC can undergo various reactions that may impact the environment

Examples include:

Hydrolysis:
Hydrolyzation of Palatinol IC can be done by enzymes, bacteria, and other microorganisms in the environment to form phthalic acid and isobutyl alcohol.
This can lead to the breakdown and the eventual degradation of Palatinol IC in the soil and water supply

Photodegradation:
Palatinol IC can undergo photodegradation by exposure to the sunlight.
This can lead to the formation of several degradation products, including phthalic acid, isobutyraldehyde, and other aldehydes.

Biodegradation:
Palatinol IC can be degraded by microorganisms in soil and in the water.
This can transform Palatinol IC into other compounds such as phthalic acid and various isobutyl alcohol derivatives.

Sorption:
Palatinol IC can adsorb or sorb onto soil and sediment particles, which can limit Palatinol IC mobility and availability for biological or chemical degradations and reactions.

Oxidation:
Palatinol IC can be oxidized in the presence of ozone or other reactive oxygen species.
The formation of various oxidation products, including aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids can be expected.
These reactions can impact the persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity in the environment and may have implications for human and ecosystem health.

Matebolism of Palatinol IC:
Upon entering circulation Palatinol IC is quickly metabolized and excreted through urine, with metabolites reaching peak concentrations 2–4 hours after administration.
The main metabolite of Palatinol IC is mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), which makes up 70% of the excretion products.

MiBP can be oxidized to either 2OH-mono-isobutyl phthalate (2OH-MiBP) or 3OH-mono-isobutyl phthalate (3OH-MiBP), which make up 20% and 1% of the excretion products respectively.
These reactions are likely catalyzed by cytochrome P450 in the liver.

The ratio between MiBP and the oxidized metabolites changes depending on the amount of time that has passed since exposure.
The ratio between MiBP and 2OH-MiBP and that between MiBP and 3OH-MiBP show a similar trend.
With the ratios being high, around 20-30:1, shortly after exposure and dropping gradually as more time passes to rest around 2-5:1.

Therefore, a high ratio of oxidized metabolites to the monoester metabolite suggests that there was recent exposure to Palatinol IC, within a few hours of measuring, while a lower ratio suggests that there has been more time since exposure.
In addition to oxidation, MiBP can also undergo a glucuronidation reaction, resulting in the metabolite MiBP-glucuronide

History of Palatinol IC:
In 1836 French chemist Auguste Laurent oxidized naphthalene with chromic acid and created phthalic anhydride, of which phthalates are derived.
Phthalates, including Palatinol IC, were first introduced in the 1920s to make plastics more flexible, transparent and long-lived.

They increased their popularity in 1931 when polyvinylchloride (PVC) became commercially available.
Due to the increase in human exposure to phthalates, in 1999 the European Union restricted the use of some of them in children’s toys

Storage of Palatinol IC:
Palatinol IC should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place.
Palatinol IC should be stored in a Metal drum, stainless steel, aluminum, or polyester-reinforced resin.

Palatinol IC should be kept away from food.
Palatinol IC should be stored in containers, separately from Strong oxidants.

Handling and Storage of Palatinol IC:

Precautions for safe handling:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with Palatinol IC.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Stability and Reactivity of Palatinol IC:

Reactivity:
Palatinol IC reacts with acids to liberate heat along with isobutyl alcohol and phthalic acid.
Palatinol IC may react sufficiently exothermically with strong oxidizing acids to ignite the reaction products.

Heat is also generated by interaction with caustic solutions.
Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing with alkali metals and hydrides.
Palatinol IC can generate electrostatic charges in handling

Chemical stability:
Palatinol IC is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

First Aid Measures of Palatinol IC:

General advice:
Show Palatinol IC safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available

Fire Fighting Measures of Palatinol IC:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental Release Measures of Palatinol IC:

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Identifiers of Palatinol IC:
CAS Number: 84-69-5
Molecular Weight: 278.34
Beilstein: 2054802
EC Number: 201-553-2
MDL number: MFCD00026480
Chemical formula: C16H22O4
Molar mass: 278.348 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless viscous liquid
Density: 1.038 g/cm3
Melting point: −37 °C (−35 °F; 236 K)
Boiling point: 320 °C (608 °F; 593 K)
Solubility in water: 1 mg/L at 20 °C
log P: 4.11
Vapor pressure: 0.01 Pa at 20 °C
Flash point: 185 °C (365 °F; 458 K) c.c.
Autoignition temperature: 400 °C (752 °F; 673 K)

Melting Point: -37 °C
Flammability: Combustible
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 296.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.002000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 309.00 °F. TCC (153.90 °C.) (est)
logP (o/w): 4.110
Soluble in: water, 6.2 mg/L @ 24C (exp)
CAS: 84-74-2
EINECS: 201-557-4
InChIKey: DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C16H22O4
Molar Mass: 278.34

Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Sensitive: Easily absorbing moisture
Explosive Limit: 0.47%, 236°F
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.492(lit.)
MDL: MFCD00009441
Chemical Formula: C16H22O4
Average Molecular Mass: 278.344 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 278.152 g/mol
CAS Registry Number: 84-69-5
IUPAC Name: 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Traditional Name: Palatinol IC
SMILES: CC(C)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(C)C
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C16H22O4/c1-11(2)9-19-15(17)13-7-5-6-8-14(13)16(18)20-10-12(3)4/h5-8,11-12H,9-10H2,1-4H3
InChI Key: InChIKey=MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Properties of Palatinol IC:
Molecular Weight: 278.34 g/mol
XLogP3: 4.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Exact Mass: 278.15180918 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 278.15180918 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 20
Complexity: 290
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: weak
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: -64 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 327 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 3,2 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 0,8 %(V)
Flash point: 109 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 423 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: neutral

Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: 13,96 mm2/s at 40 °C
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility 0,02 g/l at 20 °C - slightly soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 4,11 at 20 °C
Vapor pressure: 0,11 hPa at 100 °C
Density: 1,039 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Melting Point: -64 °C
Boiling Point: 295.3±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 153.9±7.9 °C
Molecular Formula: C16H22O4
Molecular Weight: 278.344
Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
Molecular Formula: C16H22O4
IUPAC name: bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Cas Number: 84-69-5
Molecular weight: 278.34 g/mol
Density: 1.039 g/mL
Boiling Point: 320 °C
Flashpoint: 185 °C

Density: 1.043 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -35 °C (lit.)
Boling Point: 340 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 340°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble. 0.0013 g/100 mL
Solubility: Soluble in water (0.4 mg/ml at 20 °C), ethanol.
Very soluble in ether, acetone, and B
Vapor Presure: 1 mm Hg ( 147 °C)
Vapor Density: 9.6 (vs air)
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.049 (20/20℃)
Color: APHA: ≤10
Exposure Limit NIOSH REL: TWA 5 mg/m3, IDLH 4,000 mg/m3;
OSHA PEL: TWA5 mg/m3; ACGIH TLV: TWA 5 mg/m3.
Merck: 14,3035
BRN: 1914064

Compound Type of Palatinol IC:
Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Cosmetic Toxin
Ester
Ether
Household Toxin
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Metabolite
Organic Compound
Phthalate
Plasticizer
Synthetic Compound

Alternative Parents of Palatinol IC:
Benzoyl derivatives
Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
Carboxylic acid esters
Organooxygen compounds
Organic oxides
Hydrocarbon derivatives

Substituents of Palatinol IC:
Benzoate ester
Benzoyl
Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid ester
Carboxylic acid derivative
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Palladium (II) Acetate; Palladium(II) acetate; Palladium diacetate; hexakis(acetato)tripalladium; bis(acetato)palladium cas no: 3375-31-3

PALM ALCOHOL, N° CAS : 93762-75-5. Nom INCI : PALM ALCOHOL. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 297-792-5. Classification : Alcool. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

PALM KERNEL ACID, N° CAS : 101403-98-9, Nom INCI : PALM KERNEL ACID, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 309-936-7. Classification : Huile de Palme (Dérivé). Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre. Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile)

TEQAMID DCP CAS No 68603-42-9

Palm Oil,L’huile de palme raffinée, blanchie et désodorisée est dérivée de l’huile de palme brute. Elle est majoritairement utilisée comme huile alimentaire. Elle se présente donc sous forme liquide mais peut se solidifier légèrement à une température ambiante de 20°C.

cas no 101403-98-9 Distilled palm kernel / coconut fatty acid; Fatty acids, palm kernel-oil; PALM KERNEL OIL FATTY ACIDS; Palm kernel oil fatty acid; Edenor PK 1218;

SYNONYMS oils,glyceridic,palmkernel;palmnutoil;Oils, palm kernel;palm-kemel oil;ELAEIS GUINEENSIS (PALM) KERNEL OIL;palmoil(fromseed);ELAEISGUINEENSISKERNELOIL;PALMKERNELOILS CAS NO:8023-79-8

cas no 91051-32-0 palm kernel oil fatty acid me; methyl ester acid palm kernel oil;

cas no 68440-15-3 Fatty acids, palm-oil; Palm oil acid; PALMOELFETTSAEURE; Palm kernel / palm based fatty acid;

ESTER METHYLIQUE DE L'ACIDE HEXADECANOIQUE, HEXADECANOATE DE METHYLE, HEXADECANOIC ACID, METHYL ESTER, METHYL HEXADECANOATE, METHYL N-HEXADECANOATE, N-HEXADECANOATE DE METHYLE, N-HEXADECANOIC ACID METHYL ESTER, Palmitate de méthyle. Noms anglais : METHYL PALMITATE, PALMITIC ACID, METHYL ESTER. Utilisation et sources d'émission. Fabrication de détergents, fabrication de stabilisateurs. METHYL PALMITATE, N° CAS : 112-39-0, Nom INCI : METHYL PALMITATE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-966-3. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

PALMAROSA OIL ;cymbopogon martini roxb. stapf. oil; palmarosa brasil; palmarosa oil organic; palmarosa herb oil; turkish geranium oil CAS NO:8014-19-5

Palmera A 9912 acts as a surfactant.
Palmera A 9912 is a main renewable ingredient for production of soaps.
Palmera A 9912 is a conjugate acid of a dodecanoate.


CAS Number: 143-07-7
EC Number: 205-582-1
MDL number: MFCD00002736
Chemical formula: C12H24O2
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)10COOH


Palmera A 9912 is a naturally occurring fatty acid common in coconut oil.
Palmera A 9912's formula C12H24O2 responds to saturated monocarboxylic acid and corresponds to a straight chain carboxylic acid with 12 carbon atoms.
Palmera A 9912 acts as a surfactant.


Palmera A 9912 is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a medium-chain fatty acid.
Palmera A 9912 is a conjugate acid of a dodecanoate.
Palmera A 9912, also known as dodecanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.


Palmera A 9912 is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties.
Palmera A 9912 is obtained from fractionation of a lauric-type oil.
Palmera A 9912 obtained has a melting point above 43 º C.


Palmera A 9912 is solid at room temperature, opaque white and with a characteristic odour.
Palmera A 9912 and myristic acid are saturated fatty acids.
Palmera A 9912 is fatty acid derived from renewable vegetable oils.


Palmera A 9912 is one of several fatty acids found in coconut oil, babassu butter and other natural fats.
People also use Palmera A 9912 as medicine.
People use Palmera A 9912 for viral infections such as the flu, common cold, genital herpes, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support any use.


Palmera A 9912, also known as dodecanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.
Palmera A 9912 is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.


As a raw material, Palmera A 9912 can appear as a colorless solid or as a slightly glossy white or yellow crystalline solid or powder.
Palmera A 9912 is a fatty acid, esters of which occur in natural substances such as coconut milk and palm kernel oil.
Palmera A 9912 has a role as a plant metabolite, an antibacterial agent and an algal metabolite.


Palmera A 9912 increases total serum lipoproteins more than many other fatty acids, but mostly high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
Palmera A 9912 belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.
Palmera A 9912 may be animal- or plant-derived.


Palmera A 9912 is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties.
Palmera A 9912 derives from a hydride of a dodecane.
Palmera A 9912 is also called dodecanoic acid.


Palmera A 9912’s a medium chain triglyceride (MCT) also naturally present in skin’s oil.
This fatty acid, Palmera A 9912, plays an important role in reinforcing skin’s innate defenses by strengthening its microbiome.
Both are white solids that are very slightly soluble in water.


Palmera A 9912 esters (principally triglycerides) are found only in vegetable fats, primarily from coconut milk and oil, laurel oil, and palm kernel oil.
In contrast, myristic acid triglycerides occur in plants and animals, notably in nutmeg butter, coconut oil, and mammalian milk.
Palmera A 9912 is a medium-chain saturated fatty acid.


Palmera A 9912 is a precursor to dilauroyl peroxide, a common initiator of polymerizations.
Palmera A 9912 is found in many vegetable fats and in coconut and palm kernel oils.
Palmera A 9912 contains C12 (>99%) fatty acid.


Palmera A 9912’s a medium-length long-chain fatty acid, or lipid, that makes up about half of the fatty acids within coconut oil.
Palmera A 9912, myristic acid, and palmitic acid all increased LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations as compared with carbohydrates.
Palmera A 9912, systematically dodecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus having many properties of medium-chain fatty acids.


Both are white solids that are very slightly soluble in water.
Like many other fatty acids, Palmera A 9912 is inexpensive, has a long shelf-life, is nontoxic, and is safe to handle.
Palmera A 9912 is used mainly for the production of soaps and cosmetics.


In nature Palmera A 9912 is accompanied by other saturated fatty acids as caprylic acid, capric, myristic, palmitic and stearic.
Palmera A 9912 is non-toxic, safe to handle, inexpensive, and has a long shelf life.
Palmera A 9912 has multiple uses in cosmetics, including as an emulsifier and texture-enhancing ingredient.


Palmera A 9912, systematically dodecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus having many properties of medium-chain fatty acids.
A 12 carbon length fatty acid that can be found naturally in coconut milk, coconut oil, laurel oil, and palm kernel oil.
Palmera A 9912's also in breast milk.


Palmera A 9912 is readily biodegradable and is GMO-free.
Palmera A 9912 belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.


Palmera A 9912 is one of those active parts.
Palmera A 9912, the chemical name of which is dodecanoic acid, is a medium chain fatty acid that is found in coconut oil.
Palmera A 9912 is a bright white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap.


Palmera A 9912 is a major component of coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
Palmera A 9912, C12H24O2, also known as dodecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain.
Palmera A 9912 is a bright white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap.


Palmera A 9912 is also called dodecanoic acid.
Palmera A 9912 is bovine spongiform encephalopathy/ transmissible spongiform encephalopathy-free.
Palmera A 9912 is a saturated fat.


Palmera A 9912 belongs to the group of saturated fatty acids since there is no double bond in the aliphatic chain, so its shorthand notation is 12:0.
Palmera A 9912 is found in many vegetable fats, particularly in coconut and palm kernel oils.
Palmera A 9912 is a saturated fatty acid, which is found in animal and plant fats and oils, and is a major component of coconut oil and palm kernel oil.


Otherwise, Palmera A 9912 is relatively uncommon.
Palmera A 9912 is also found in human breast milk (6.2% of total fat), cow's milk (2.9%), and goat's milk (3.1%).
Palmera A 9912, a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with a 12-carbon backbone, is naturally found in various plant and animal fats and oils, which is a major component of palm kernel oil and coconut oil.


Palmera A 9912 esters (principally triglycerides) are found only in vegetable fats, primarily from coconut milk and oil, laurel oil, and palm kernel oil.
Palmera A 9912 is a precursor to dilauroyl peroxide, a common initiator of polymerizations.
Palmera A 9912 is one of those active parts.


Palmera A 9912’s a medium-length long-chain fatty acid, or lipid, that makes up about half of the fatty acids within coconut oil.
The salts and esters of Palmera A 9912 are known as laurates.
Like many other fatty acids, Palmera A 9912 is inexpensive, has a long shelf-life, is nontoxic, and is safe to handle.


Palmera A 9912 is mostly derived from the hydrolysis of coconut oil or palm kernel oil, and its subsequent distillation (approx. 50% wealth).
Palmera A 9912 is a main renewable ingredient for production of soaps.
The salts and esters of Palmera A 9912 are known as laurates.


Palmera A 9912, as a component of triglycerides, comprises about half of the fatty-acid content in coconut milk, coconut oil, laurel oil, and palm kernel oil (not to be confused with palm oil).
For these purposes, Palmera A 9912 is reacted with sodium hydroxide to give sodium laurate, which is a soap.


Most commonly, sodium laurate is obtained by saponification of various oils, such as coconut oil.
These precursors give mixtures of sodium laurate and other soaps.
Palmera A 9912 is a biodegradable, GMO-free and fatty oil derived from renewable vegetable oil by KLK Oleo works as a surfactant, emollient and cleansing agent.


Palmera A 9912 is properly known as dodecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in coconut and palm oils, as well as in milk.
Palmera A 9912, CAS 143-07-7, chemical formula C12H24O2, is produced as a white crystalline powder, has a slight odor of bay oil, and is soluble in water, alcohols, phenyls, haloalkanes, and acetates.


Palmera A 9912 and myristic acid are saturated fatty acids.
Palmera A 9912 is a member of the sub-group called medium chain fatty acids or MCFA, namely fatty acids containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
Their formal names are dodecanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid, respectively.


Palmera A 9912 is the major fatty acid present in vegetable oils such as coconut oil in and palm kernel oil.
Palmera A 9912 is a straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
Palmera A 9912 is Halal and Kosher certified.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PALMERA A 9912:
Palmera A 9912's applications include toiletries, transparent soaps and other cosmetic care products.
Palmera A 9912 is used in production of various esters, fatty alcohols, fatty acid isethionates, metallic soaps, fatty acid sarcosinates, imidazolines and fatty amines.

Palmera A 9912 is a versatile oleochemical with applications in everything from plastics to personal care.
Palmera A 9912 is a medium-chain saturated fatty acid.
Palmera A 9912 is found in many vegetable fats and in coconut and palm kernel oils.


Palmera A 9912 is an inexpensive, non-toxic and safe to handle compound often used in laboratory investigations of melting-point depression.
Palmera A 9912 is used mainly for the production of soaps and cosmetics.
For these purposes, Palmera A 9912 is reacted with sodium hydroxide to give sodium laurate, which is a soap.


Palmera A 9912 is suitable for soaps, toiletries, transparent soaps, and other cosmetic care products.
In addition, Palmera A 9912 is used in the production of various esters, fatty alcohols, fatty acid isethionates, metallic soaps, fatty acid sarcosinates, imidazolines, and fatty amines.


Palmera A 9912 is an emulsifying agent, also used as a cleaning agent or as a surfactant.
Palmera A 9912 is an inexpensive, non-toxic and safe to handle compound often used in laboratory investigations of melting-point depression.
Research continues to investigate Palmera A 9912’s benefits as an adjunct to anti-acne treatments.


Palmera A 9912 is used Pharma and healthcare, Lubricants, Paints and coatings, Industrial chemistry, Personal hygiene, and home care.
Palmera A 9912 is mainly used as a raw material for the production of alkyd resins, wetting agents, detergents, insecticides, surfactants, food additives and cosmetics.


Palmera A 9912 is often used as a lubricant and has multiple functions such as lubricant and vulcanizing agent.
However, due to its corrosive effect on metals, Palmera A 9912 is generally not used in plastic products such as wires and cables.
Palmera A 9912 is used in the medicine industry.


Palmera A 9912's natural bay leaf-like scent can be used in high amounts to add fragrance to products, but it’s more often used as a base for cleansing agents, and, increasingly, for its skin-soothing actions.
Palmera A 9912 is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Some studies have shown Palmera A 9912 can also have antimicrobial activity.
Palmera A 9912 is typically used in under 10% concentration in cosmetic formulas but has been deemed safe in higher concentrations (up to 25%).
Palmera A 9912 is also used for preventing the transmission of HIV from mothers to children.


Palmera A 9912 is widely used in cosmetics, latex and gloves.
Palmera A 9912 is used for treating viral infections including influenza (the flu); swine flu; avian flu; the common cold; fever blisters, cold sores, and genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV); genital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV); and HIV/AIDS.


Palmera A 9912 is also used for preventing the transmission of HIV from mothers to children.
Palmera A 9912 is a solid at room temperature but melts easily in boiling water, so liquid Palmera A 9912 can be treated with various solutes and used to determine their molecular masses.


Palmera A 9912 is most widely used in the surfactant industry and can also be used in the perfume industry and pharmaceutical industry.
Palmera A 9912 is used as a surface treatment agent for the preparation of bonding.
Palmera A 9912 is also used in the manufacture of alkyd resins, chemical fiber oils, insecticides, synthetic fragrances, plastic stabilizers, anti-corrosion additives for gasoline and lubricating oils.


Palmera A 9912 is widely used in the manufacture of various types of surfactants, such as cationic laurylamine, trilaurylamine, lauryl dimethylamine, lauryl trimethylammonium salt, etc.; anionic types include sodium lauryl sulfate and lauric acid sulfuric acid Ester salts, triethanol ammonium lauryl sulfate, etc.; zwitterionic types include lauryl betaine, imidazoline laurate, etc.; non-ionic surfactants include poly-L-alcohol monolaurate, polyoxyethylene laurate , glyceryl laurate polyoxyethylene ether, lauric acid diethanolamide, etc.


In addition, Palmera A 9912 is also used as a food additive and in the manufacture of cosmetics.
Palmera A 9912 is the raw material for producing soap, detergent, cosmetic surfactant, and chemical fiber oil.


-Uses & Applications of Palmera A 9912:
*Plastics: Intermediate
*Food and Beverage: Raw Material for Emulsifiers
*Surfactants and Esters: Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants
*Textiles: Lubricant & Process Agent
*Personal Care: Emulsifier for Facial Creams and Lotions
*Soaps and Detergents: A Base in the Production of Liquid and Transparent Soaps


-Cosmetic Uses:
*cleansing agents
*surfactants
*surfactant - emulsifying



PALMERA A 9912 AT A GLANCE:
*Natural component of skin’s oil
*Plays a role in reinforcing skin’s innate defenses by strengthening its microbiome
*Functions as a cleansing agent/emulsifier in cosmetic formulas
*Studies have shown Palmera A 9912 offers antimicrobial activity
*Can be sourced from coconut oil, babassu butter and other natural fats



PROPERTIES OF PALMERA A 9912:
Palmera A 9912 enhances the antimicrobial protective properties of the skin, has an antibacterial effect, negatively affects a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, bacteria, yeast, fungi and viruses.



WHAT DOES PALMERA A 9912 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsifying
*Surfactant



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF PALMERA A 9912:
*Straight chain fatty acids
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



RELATED COMPOUNDS OF PALMERA A 9912:
*Undecanoic acid
*Tridecanoic acid
*Dodecanol
*Dodecanal
*Sodium lauryl sulfate



SUBSTITUENTS OF PALMERA A 9912:
*Medium-chain fatty acid
*Straight chain fatty acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PALMERA A 9912 FOR PSORIASIS:
Bloggers and natural health websites often recommend coconut oil as a treatment for dry skin and conditions such as psoriasis.
Again, because Palmera A 9912 is only part of what makes up coconut oil, it’s difficult to say if the fatty acid alone or a combination of coconut oil components is responsible for these benefits.



PALMERA A 9912 FOR ACNE:
Because Palmera A 9912 has antibacterial properties, it’s been found to effectively combat acne.
The bacteria Propionibacterium acnes are found naturally on the skin.
When they overgrow, they lead to the development of acne.
The results of a 2009 study found that Palmera A 9912 could reduce inflammation and the number of bacteria present.

Palmera A 9912 worked even better than benzoyl peroxide, a common acne treatment.
A 2016 study also reconfirmed the acne-fighting properties of Palmera A 9912.
This doesn’t mean you should put coconut oil on your acne.
The researchers used pure Palmera A 9912 and suggested that it could be developed into an antibiotic therapy for acne in the future.



HOW TO USE PALMERA A 9912:
To reap the topical benefits of Palmera A 9912 and coconut oil, apply it directly to your skin.
While this isn’t recommended for people with acne, the risks are minimal when it comes to addressing issues such as skin hydration and psoriasis.
Coconut oil can be used in cooking as well.
Its sweet, nutty flavor makes Palmera A 9912 the perfect addition to desserts, including double chocolate paleo brownies and paleo banana bread.
You can also use Palmera A 9912 to sauté vegetables or to add flavor to mashed sweet potatoes or a Caribbean curry soup.



IN VARIOUS PLANTS, PALMERA A 9912:
The palm tree Attalea speciosa, a species popularly known in Brazil as babassu – 50% in babassu oil
Attalea cohune, the cohune palm (also rain tree, American oil palm, corozo palm or manaca palm) – 46.5% in cohune oil
Astrocaryum murumuru (Arecaceae) a palm native to the Amazon – 47.5% in "murumuru butter"
Coconut oil 49%

Pycnanthus kombo (African nutmeg)
Virola surinamensis (wild nutmeg) 7.8–11.5%
Peach palm seed 10.4%
Betel nut 9%

Date palm seed 0.56–5.4%
Macadamia nut 0.072–1.1%
Plum 0.35–0.38%
Watermelon seed 0.33%
Viburnum opulus 0.24-0.33%

Citrullus lanatus (egusi melon)
Pumpkin flower 205 ppm, pumpkin seed 472 ppm
In Insects
Black soldier fly Hermetia illucens 30–50 mg/100 mg fat.



WHERE TO FIND PALMERA A 9912:
Palmera A 9912 is a powerful substance that’s sometimes extracted from the coconut for use in developing monolaurin.
Monolaurin is an antimicrobial agent that’s able to fight pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and yeasts.



NUTRITIONAL AND MEDICAL ASPECTS OF PALMERA A 9912:
Although 95% of medium-chain triglycerides are absorbed through the portal vein, only 25–30% of Palmera A 9912 is absorbed through it.
Palmera A 9912 increases total serum lipoproteins more than many other fatty acids, but mostly high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
As a result, Palmera A 9912 has been characterized as having "a more favorable effect on total HDL than any other fatty acid [examined], either saturated or unsaturated".

In general, a lower total/HDL serum lipoprotein ratio correlates with a decrease in atherosclerotic incidence.
Nonetheless, an extensive meta-analysis on foods affecting the total LDL/serum lipoprotein ratio found in 2003 that the net effects of Palmera A 9912 on coronary artery disease outcomes remained uncertain.
A 2016 review of coconut oil (which is nearly half Palmera A 9912) was similarly inconclusive about the effects on cardiovascular disease incidence



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PALMERA A 9912:
Chemical formula: C12H24O2
Molar mass: 200.322 g·mol−1
Appearance: White powder
Odor: Slight odor of bay oil
Density: 1.007 g/cm3 (24 °C)
0.8744 g/cm3 (41.5 °C)
0.8679 g/cm3 (50 °C)
Melting point: 43.8 °C (110.8 °F; 316.9 K)
Boiling point: 297.9 °C (568.2 °F; 571.0 K)
282.5 °C (540.5 °F; 555.6 K) at 512 mmHg
225.1 °C (437.2 °F; 498.2 K) at 100 mmHg
Solubility in water: 37 mg/L (0 °C)
55 mg/L (20 °C), 63 mg/L (30 °C)
72 mg/L (45 °C), 83 mg/L (100 °C)

Solubility: Soluble in alcohols, diethyl ether, phenyls, haloalkanes, acetates
Solubility in methanol: 12.7 g/100 g (0 °C)
120 g/100 g (20 °C), 2250 g/100 g (40 °C)
Solubility in acetone: 8.95 g/100 g (0 °C)
60.5 g/100 g (20 °C), 1590 g/100 g (40 °C)
Solubility in ethyl acetate: 9.4 g/100 g (0 °C)
52 g/100 g (20°C), 1250 g/100 g (40°C)
Solubility in toluene: 15.3 g/100 g (0 °C)
97 g/100 g (20°C), 1410 g/100 g (40°C)
log P: 4.6
Vapor pressure: 2.13·10−6 kPa (25 °C)
0.42 kPa (150 °C), 6.67 kPa (210 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 5.3 (20 °C)
Thermal conductivity: 0.442 W/m·K (solid)
0.1921 W/m·K (72.5 °C)
0.1748 W/m·K (106 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.423 (70 °C), 1.4183 (82 °C)

Viscosity: 6.88 cP (50 °C), 5.37 cP (60 °C)
Structure
Crystal structure: Monoclinic (α-form)
Triclinic, aP228 (γ-form)
Space group: P21/a, No. 14 (α-form)
P1, No. 2 (γ-form)
Point group: 2/m (α-form), 1 (γ-form)
Lattice constant:
a = 9.524 Å, b = 4.965 Å, c = 35.39 Å (α-form)
α = 90°, β = 129.22°, γ = 90°
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C): 404.28 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −775.6 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): 7377 kJ/mol, 7425.8 kJ/mol (292 K)
CAS number: 143-07-7
EC number: 205-582-1
Hill Formula: C₁₂H₂₄O₂

Chemical formula: CH₃(CH₂)₁₀COOH
Molar Mass: 200.32 g/mol
HS Code: 2915 90 30
Water Solubility: 0.01 g/L
logP: 5.13
logP: 4.48
logS: -4.3
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 4.95
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 10
Refractivity: 58.68 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 25.85 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: Yes

Boiling point: 299 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.883 g/cm3 (50 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.6 %(V)
Flash point: 176 °C
Ignition temperature: 250 °C
Melting Point: 43 - 45 °C
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 490 kg/m3
Solubility: 4.81 mg/l
Physical state: solid
Color: white, to, light yellow
Odor: weak characteristic odour
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: 43 - 45 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 299 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:

Lower explosion limit: 0,6 %(V)
Flash point: 176 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: > 250 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 7 mPa.s at 50 °C
Water solubility: 0,058 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 4,6 - (Lit.), Potential bioaccumulation
Vapor pressure 0,15 hPa at 100 °C < 0,1 hPa at 25 °C - (Lit.)
Density: 0,883 g/cm3 at 50 °C
Relative density No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available

Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Bulk density: ca.490 kg/m3
Surface tension: 26,6 mN/m at 70 °C
Dissociation constant: 5,3 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: 6,91
Molecular Weight: 278.43
Molecular Formula: C18H30O2
Boiling Point: 230-232ºC1 mm Hg(lit.)
Melting Point: -11ºC(lit.)
Flash Point: >230 °F
Purity: 95%
Density: 0.914 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Storage: 2-8ºC
Assay: 0.99
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.480(lit.)

Appearance: white to pale yellow waxy crystalline solid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00 sum of isomers
Water Content: <0.20%
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Melting Point: 45.00 to 48.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 225.00 °C. @ 100.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 252.00 to 287.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Congealing Point: 26.00 to 44.00 °C.
Saponification Value: 253.00 to 287.00
Unsaponifiable Matter: <0.30%
Vapor Pressure: 0.001000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 6.91 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 329.00 °F. TCC ( 165.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 4.600
Soluble in: alcohol, chloroform, ether
water, 12.76 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 4.81 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)



FIRST AID MEASURES of PALMERA A 9912:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PALMERA A 9912:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PALMERA A 9912:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PALMERA A 9912:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PALMERA A 9912:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PALMERA A 9912:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
Dodecanoic acid
n-Dodecanoic acid
Dodecylic acid
Dodecoic acid
Laurostearic acid
Vulvic acid
1-Undecanecarboxylic acid
Duodecylic acid, C12:0 (Lipid numbers)
Dodecanoic acid, ABL, Lauric acid
C18:3 (ALL CIS-9,12,15) ACID
CIS,CIS,CIS-9,12,15-OCTADECATRIENOIC ACID
DELTA 9 CIS 12 CIS 15 CIS OCTADECATRIENOIC ACID
9,12,15-OCTADECATRIENIC ACID
9,12,15-OCTADECATRIENOIC ACID
ALFA-LINOLENIC ACID
ALL CIS-9,12,15-OCTADECATRIENOIC ACID
ALPHA-LINOLENIC AC
1-Undecanecarboxylate
1-Undecanecarboxylic acid
ABL
Acide Laurique
C12 fatty acid
C12:0
Coconut oil fatty acids
DAO
Dodecanoate
dodecanoic acid
dodecoate
Dodecoic acid
Dodecylate
dodecylcarboxylate
Dodecylic acid
duodecyclate
Duodecyclic acid
duodecylate
Duodecylic acid
LAP
LAU
Laurate
Lauric acid
Laurinsaeure
Laurostearate
Laurostearic acid
MYR
n-Dodecanoate
n-Dodecanoic acid
Sorbitan laurate
Sorbitan monolaurate (NF)
undecane-1-carboxylate
Undecane-1-carboxylic acid
Vulvate
Vulvic acid
CH3-[CH2]10-COOH
Dodecylcarboxylic acid
Laate
Laic acid
Aliphat no. 4
Edenor C 1298-100
Emery 651
Hystrene 9512
Kortacid 1299
Lunac L 70
Lunac L 98
Neo-fat 12
Neo-fat 12-43
Nissan naa 122
Philacid 1200
Prifac 2920
Univol u 314
1-Dodecanoic acid
FA(12:0)

PALMERA B1220(E) Topped Palm Kernel Fatty Acid. PALMERA B1220(E) by KLK Emmerich GmbH acts as a surfactant. It is derived from renewable vegetable oils and fats. PALMERA B1220(E) is used in transparent soaps, toiletries, liquid soaps and other cosmetic care products. It is HACCP and GMP certified. Claims Surfactants / Cleansing Agents bio/ organic vegetal origin CAS Number 90990-15-1 Product Status COMMERCIAL PALMERA B1220(E) by KLK OLEO is a biodegradable, topped palm kernel fatty acid grade. Acts as a plasticizer. It is derived from renewable vegetable oils. PALMERA B1220(E) is free from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and bovine spongiform encephalopathy/ transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (BSE/ TSE). Used in adhesive applications. Complies with USP-NF and KOSHER. It is HALAL, HACCP and GMP certified compound. Product Type Plasticizers > Fatty Acids Chemical Composition Topped palm kernel fatty acid Product Status COMMERCIAL PALMERA B1220(E) Fatty Acids PALMERA B1220(E) distilled and fractionated fatty acids are produced in accordance with the required demands and quality standards such as GMP and HACCP – making them suitable for food, pharmaceutical and personal care applications. It can be used as-is, or as a derivative. Fatty acids may be found in plastics, rubber, textiles, lubricants, metal-working, crayons, candles, biocides, paints, inks and etc. Fractionated Fatty Acids Caproic Acid Product Name: A9806, A9906 Application Fatty Acid Palmera B1220(E) Product description The portfolio of oleochemicals contains fractionated or distilled natural fatty acids, which are produced in accordance with GMP and HACCP quality regulations. Fatty acids build a base for various applications. The range contains different qualities such as cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food or technical compliant grades. A kosher and halal compliance can be ensured for the most products. Possible applications are: personal care and detergents, lubricants, plastics and rubber, textiles auxiliaries, candles, paints and varnishes, print colors and metalworking. Biesterfeld is member of the RSPO. Please contact us regarding certifications like Mass Balance (MB). More products available upon request. Tradename Chemical Description CAS Packaging Palmera B1220(E) Caprylic Acid 124-07-2 Drums Palmera B1220(E) Capric Acid 334-48-5 Drums Palmera B1220(E) Lauric Acid 143-07-7 Bags Palmera B1220(E) Myristic Acid 544-63-8 Bags Palmera B1220(E) Palmitic Acid 57-11-4 Bags Palmera B1220(E) Stearic Acid 57-11-4 Bags Palmera B1220(E) Oleic Acid 112-80-1 Drums Palmera B1220(E) Oleic Acid 112-80-1 Drums Palmera B1220(E) Erucic Acid 112-86-7 Drums Palmera B1220(E) Behenic Acid 112-85-6 Bags Palmera B1220(E) Tripple Pressed Stearic Acid 67701-03-5 Bags Palmera B1220(E) Stearic Acid 67701-03-5 Bags Palmera B1220(E) Stearic Acid (Long Chain) 68424-37-3 Bags Palmera B1220(E) Topped Palm Kernel Fatty Acid 67701-05-7 Drums Palmera B1220(E) Distilled Coconut Fatty Acid 67701-05-7 Drums Palmera B1220(E) Distilled Coconut Fatty Acid 67701-05-7 Drums Palmera B1220(E) Distilled Coconut Fatty Acid 67701-05-7 Drums The fatty acid stocks used in amidation reactions of the present invention may be coconut fatty acids, palm oil fatty acids, palm kernel fatty acids or combinations thereof among others. The fatty acid stock may be in treated form or not. Treated herein means distilled, hydrogenated, cut, uncut or combinations thereof. The fatty acid stocks used in present invention are commercial products of KLK OLEO company under the brand name of Palmera B1220(E). Palmera B1220(E) distilled coconut fatty acid. Carbon distribution by weight % is 5.33 C8, 6.38 C10, 51.13 C12, 17.66 C14, 7.43 C16, 1.74 C18, 7.63 C18:1, 1.1 C18:2. ** Palmera B1220(E) topped palm kernel fatty acid. Carbon distribution by weight % is 0.71 C10, 52.26 C12, 17.32 C14, 9.36 C16, 2.34 C18, 15.40 C18:1, 2.25 C18:2. *** as defined in "Analysis Methods" section. **** The betaine solution was not considered as flowable since gelation occurred. Thus, the related analysis was not done. determined Analysis: Water content (% wt.) 56.4 56.02 was not determined 55.53 59.33 was not determined Analysis: Viscosity (cP) 125 175 was not determined 25 75 was not determined Analysis: pH 5.74 5.63 was not determined 6.23 6.42 was not determined * Palmera B1220(E) distilled coconut fatty acid. Carbon distribution by weight % is 5.33 C8, 6.38 C10, 51.13 C12, 17.66 C14, 7.43 C16, 1.74 C18, 7.63 C18:1, 1.1 C18:2. ** Palmera B1220(E) topped palm kernel fatty acid. Carbon distribution by weight % is 0.71 C10, 52.26 C12, 17.32 C14, 9.36 C16, 2.34 C18, 15.40 C18:1, 2.25 C18:2. 6.95 was not determined was not determined 5.62 was not determined was not determined Analysis: Water content (% wt.) 52.52 was not determined was not determined 59.86 was not determined was not determined Analysis: Viscosity (cP) 300 was not determined was not determined 75 was not determined was not determined Analysis: pH 5.79 was not determined was not determined 6.6 was not determined was not determined * Palmera B1220(E) distilled coconut fatty acid. Carbon distribution by weight % is 5.33 C8, 6.38 C10, 51.13 C12, 17.66 C14, 7.43 C16, 1.74 C18, 7.63 C18:1, 1.1 C18:2. ** Palmera B1220(E) topped palm kernel fatty acid. Carbon distribution by weight % is 0.71 C10, 52.26 C12, 17.32 C14, 9.36 C16, 2.34 C18, 15.40 C18:1, 2.25 C18:2. *** as defined in "Analysis Methods" section. **** The betaine solution was not considered as flowable since gelation occurred. Thus, the related analysis was not done. [0078] * Palmera B1220(E) distilled coconut fatty acid. Carbon distribution by weight % is 5.33 C8, 6.38 C10, 51.13 C12, 17.66 C14, 7.43 C16, 1.74 C18, 7.63 C18:1, 1.1 C18:2. ** Palmera B1220(E) topped palm kernel fatty acid. Carbon distribution by weight % is 0.71 C10, 52.26 C12, 17.32 C14, 9.36 C16, 2.34 C18, 15.40 C18:1, 2.25 C18:2 . *** AA=amidoamine **** as defined in "Analysis Methods" section. ***** The betaine solution was not considered as flowable since gelation occurred. Thus, the related analysis was not done. EXAMPLE SET 5: PILOT SCALE ADDITIVE-FREE BETAINE PRODUCTION TRIALS 35.38 34.14 Betaine content (% wt.) Analysis: 6.63 6.56 Sodium chloride (% wt.) Analysis: 53.43 54.53 Water content (% wt.) Analysis: 112.5 87.5 Viscosity (cP) Analysis: 6.62 7.40 pH Freezing point <-6°C 10°C Gel point <-6°C 14°C Cloud point <-6°C 15°C * Palmera B1220(E) distilled coconut fatty acid. Carbon distribution by weight % is 6.80 C8, 7.84 C10, 51.44 C12, 17.11 C14, 6.89 C16, 1.09 C18, 7.60 C18:1, 1.24 C18:2. ** Palmera B1220(E) distilled hydrogenated coconut fatty acid. Carbon distribution by weight % is 5.61 C8, 8.59 C10, 49.54 C12, 17.75 C14, 8.28 C16, 8.41 C18. *** as defined in "Analysis Methods" section. PALMERA B1220(E) Caprylic-Capric Acid Blend 353-367 355-369 0.5 MAX 6 MAX 60 3.0Y 0.3R 0,7 0.5 MAX 53-63 35-45 1.5 MAX 180Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Caprylic Acid 98% 383-390 384-391 0.5 MAX 15-17 60 3.0Y 0.3R 0,7 0.5 MAX 98 MIN 2.0 MAX 180Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Caprylic Acid 99% 383-390 384-391 0.5 MAX 15-17 60 3.0Y 0.3R 0,7 1.0 MAX 99 MIN 1.0 MAX 180Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Capric Acid 98% 322-328 323-329 0.5 MAX 30-32 60 3.0Y 0.3R 0,5 2.0 MAX 98 MIN 2.0 MAX 180Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Capric Acid 99% 323-330 324-331 0.5 MAX 30-32 60 3.0Y 0.3R 0,5 1.0 MAX 99 MIN 1.0 MAX 180 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Lauric Acid 70% 265-275 266-276 0.5 MAX 32-36 50 2.0Y 0.2R 1.0 MAX 70-77 22-29 2.0 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Lauric Acid 98% 278-282 279-283 0.3 MAX 42-44 50 1.5Y 0.2R 0,5 2.0 MAX 98 MIN 2.0 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Lauric Acid 99% 278-282 279-283 0.3 MAX 42-44 40 1.2Y 0.2R 0,5 1.0 MAX 99 MIN 1.0 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Myristic Acid 98% 243-248 244-249 0.3 MAX 52-54 40 1.5Y 0.2R 0,5 2.0 MAX 98 MIN 2.0 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Myristic Acid 99% 243-247 244-248 0.3 MAX 52-54 40 1.2Y 0.2R 0,5 1.0 MAX 99 MIN 1.0 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Palmitic Acid 60% 209-215 210-216 0.5 MAX 53-57 50 2.0Y 0.2R 0,5 60-66 34-40 1.0 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Palmitic Acid 80% 215-230 216-231 12 MAX 55 MIN 15.0Y 1.5R 2,5 98 MIN TRACE 80 MIN 20 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Palmitic Acid 92% 216-220 217-221 0.5 MAX 58-62 40 2.0Y 0.2R 0,5 2.0 MAX 92-96 8.0 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Palmitic Acid 95% 215-221 216-222 0.5 MAX 59-62 40 2.0Y 0.2R 0,5 94-98 5.0 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Palmitic Acid 98% 216-220 217-221 0.3 MAX 60-63 40 2.0Y 0.2R 0,5 2.0 MAX 98 MIN 2.0 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid 55% 204-210 205-211 0.7 MAX 55.5-57.5 60 3.0Y 0.3R 41-47 52-58 1.0 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid 65% 200-206 201-207 0.8 MAX 58-61 60 3.0Y 0.3R 30-36 63-68 1.0 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid 70% 199-205 200-206 0.8 MAX 58-62 60 3.0Y 0.3R 27-32 67-72 1.0 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid 92% 194-201 195-202 1.0 MAX 66-69 100 3.0Y 0.5R 8.0 MAX 92-96 1.5 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Oleic Acid 195-203 196-204 86 MIN 8.5 MAX 225 75 MIN 13 MAX 180 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Oleic Acid 195-203 196-204 90-100 7.5 MAX 200 12.0Y 1.5R 70 MIN 18 MAX 180 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Oleic Acid 195-203 196-204 90-100 8.0 MAX 200 12.0Y 1.5R PALMERA B1220(E) Triple Pressed Stearic Acid 207-213 208-214 0.5 MAX 54-57 50 2.0Y 0.2R 60-66 32-39 1.0 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Triple Pressed Stearic Acid 206-212 207-213 0.5 MAX 54-57 50 2.0Y 0.2R 55-60 39-45 1.0 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Triple Pressed Stearic Acid 205-211 206-212 0.5 MAX 54-57 50 2.0Y 0.2R 48-55 45-51 1.0 MAX 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Double Pressed Stearic Acid 206-215 207-216 4.0 MAX 52-57 10.0Y 1.0R 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Rubber Grade Stearic Acid 195 MIN 196 MIN 8 MAX 52 MIN 20.0Y 2.0R 25 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Distilled Palm Stearine Fatty Acid 207-214 208-215 28-39 47-53 100 3.0Y 0.5R 0.5 MAX 2.0 MAX 56-65 4-7 24-33 4-8 0.5 MAX 180 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Distilled Standard Palm Oil Fatty Acid 205-211 206-212 41-52 44-50 100 3.0Y 0.5R 44-53 3-8 31-41 6-11 0.5 MAX 180 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Distilled Palm Oil Fatty Acid 204-210 205-211 46-56 42-48 100 3.0Y 0.5R 0.5 MAX 4.0 MAX 40-48 3-9 35-44 7-12 0.5 MAX 180 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Distilled Palm Kernel Fatty Acid 248-262 249-263 15-20 22-27 100 5.0Y 0.5R 1-4 1-4 46-52 13-18 7-14 1-4 12-19 1-3 0.5 MAX 180 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Topped Palm Kernel Fatty Acid 246-254 247-255 16-22 25-29 100 3.0Y 0.5R 1.0 MAX 46-52 15-20 8-15 1-5 12-20 4.0 MAX 0.5 MAX 180 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Coconut Fatty Acid 261-275 262-276 7-12 22-26 125 5.0Y 0.7R 0.5 MAX 4-8 5-10 46-53 15-21 5-13 4.0 MAX 5-12 3.0 MAX 180 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Low IV Topped Coconut Fatty Acid 250-260 251-261 1.0 MAX 28-32 60 2.0Y 0.3R 1.0 MAX 50-56 18-25 8-13 8-15 1.0 MAX 180 Kg PALMERA B1220(E) Low IV Topped Palm Kernel Fatty Acid 246-256 247-257 1.0 MAX 30-35 60 PALMERA B1220(E) Caproic Acid 99% 476-484 478-486 max. 0.5 max. 1.5 max. 0.3 min. 99.5 PALMERA B1220(E) Caprylic Acid 99% 383-390 384-391 max. 0.5 15-17 max. 3.0 max. 0.3 max. 60 max. 1.0 min. 99 max. 1.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Caprylic-Capric Acid Blend 353-367 355-369 max. 0.5 max. 6.0 max. 3.0 max. 0.3 max. 60 max. 0.5 53-63 35-45 max. 1.5 PALMERA B1220(E) Capric Acid 99% 323-330 324-331 max. 0.5 30-32 max. 3.0 max. 0.3 max. 60 max. 1.0 min. 99 max. 1.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Lauric Acid 70% 265-275 266-276 max. 0.5 32-36 max. 2.0 max. 0.2 max. 50 max. 1.0 70-77 22-29 max. 2.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Lauric Acid 88% 280-300 max. 0.5 37-41 max. 3 max. 0.5 5-8 4-6 86-89 max. 0.5 PALMERA B1220(E) Lauric Acid 92 - 94% 277-282 278-283 max. 0.5 40.0-44.0 max. 1.3 max. 0.3 max. 3.0 min. 92.0 max. 6.0 max. 2.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Lauric Acid 95% 280-290 max. 0.5 40-44 max. 1.5 max. 0.3 2.0-3.0 1.5-2.5 94.5-96.5 PALMERA B1220(E) Lauric Acid 99 - 100% 278-282 279-283 max. 0.3 42-44 max. 1.2 max. 0.2 max. 40 max. 1.0 min. 99.0 max. 1.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Myristic Acid 99% 243-247 244-248 max. 0.3 52-54 max. 1.2 max. 0.2 max. 40 max. 1.0 min. 99 max. 1.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Palmitic Acid 92% 216-220 217-221 max. 0.5 58-62 max. 2.0 max. 0.2 max. 40 max. 2.0 92-96 max. 8.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Palmitic Acid 98 - 100% 216-220 217-221 max. 1 61.0-63.0 max. 2.0 max. 0.4 ← max. 0.5 max. 0.9 min. 98.0 max. 1.7 PALMERA B1220(E) Fractionated Coconut Fatty Acid 275-286 max. 3 max. 10.0 max. 1.5 4.0-12.0 6.0-12.0 57-67 23-30 Fractionated Fatty Acids Short Chains Fatty Acids Fatty Acids PALMERA B1220(E) distilled and fractionated fatty acids are derived from vegetable oils and fats. They can be used as-is, or as a derivative. Fatty acids may be found in plastics, rubber, textiles, lubricants, metal-working, crayons, candles, biocides, PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid 70% 199-205 200-206 max. 0.8 58-62 max. 3.0 max. 0.3 60 27-32 67-72 max. 1.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid 90% 195-199 196-200 max. 1 66-69 max. 2.0 max. 0.5 max. 7 min. 92 max. 4 PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid 92% 194-201 195-202 max. 1.0 66-69 max. 3.0 max. 0.5 100 max. 8.0 92-96 max. 1.5 PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid 95 - 96% 194.0-200.0 195.0-201.0 max. 1.0 66.5-68.5 max. 3.0 max. 0.3 max. 4.0 min. 95.5 max. 1.0 max. 2.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid 98 - 100% 195-200 max. 2 68.0-69.5 max. 2.0 max. 0.5 max. 1.5 min. 98.0 max. 1.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Arachidic Acid 50% 160-190 max. 5 max. 110 max. 17 max. 4 max. 48 40-70 3.5-30.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Arachidic / Behenic Acid 170-178 171-179 max. 3.0 max. 20.0 max. 2.0 max. 4 8-12 37-45 38-48 max. 4 PALMERA B1220(E) Erucic Acid 85% 163-168 75-81 29.5-32.5 max. 7.0 max. 1.0 max. 1.5 85.0-95.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Erucic Acid 90-92% 163-168 164-169 72-79 29.5-32.5 max. 7.0 max. 1.0 max. 3.0 90.0-95.0 max. 2.0 max. 1.5 PALMERA B1220(E) Erucic Acid 163-168 75-81 29.5-32.5 max. 7.0 max. 1.0 max. 1.5 92.0-94.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Behenic Acid 85 - 90% 162-168 163-169 max. 2 75.0-79.0 max. 7.0 max. 1.0 max. 1.0 max. 3.5 max. 9.0 85.0-89.0 max. 3.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Behenic Acid 93 - 94% 160-166 161-167 max. 2 75.0-79.0 max. 4.0 max. 1.0 ← max. 3 max. 5.0 93.5-96.0 max. 4.0 → PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid (Long Cain) 178-190 179-191 max. 3 58-65 max. 15.0 max. 1.5 4-15 29-40 max. 1 50-65 PALMERA B1220(E) Low IV Topped Coconut Fatty Acid 250-260 251-261 max. 1.0 28-32 max. 2.0 max. 0.3 max. 60 max. 1.0 50-56 18-25 8-13 8-15 max. 1.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Distilled Hydrogenated Coconut Fatty Acid 267-275 269-277 max. 0.5 23-29 max. 1.3 max. 0.3 max. 0.05 6.5- 9.0 6.0- 8.0 45.0-55.0 17.0-20.0 7.0-12.0 7.0-14.0 max. 0.5 → PALMERA B1220(E) Hydrogenated Topped Lauric Fatty Acids 251-260 252-261 max. 1 29-33 max. 2.0 max. 0.5 max. 1.5 50-62 15-26 8-14 7-14 max. 1 PALMERA B1220(E) Part Hardened Fatty Acid 205-212 206-213 38-43 44-48 max. 5 max. 0.5 ← max. 0.5 max. 2.0 40.0-48.0 10.0-16.0 37.0-43.0 max. 2.5 PALMERA B1220(E) Part Hardened Fatty Acid 202-210 203-211 32-35 max. 5 max. 0.5 max. 1 max. 1 40-60 20-30 20-30 max. 6.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Mixed Fatty Acid 202-208 202-210 53-64 38-42 max. 12.0 max. 1.5 ← max. 1 max. 3 21-29 13-18 39-45 4-9 PALMERA B1220(E) Distilled Coconut Fatty Acid 265-275 264-276 7.0-11.0 22-26 max. 5.0 max. 0.7 max. 125 max. 0.5 4.0-8.0 5.0-8.0 46.0-53.0 15.0-21.0 7.0-12.0 0.5-3.0 5.0-9.0 max. 2.0 max. 1.0 → PALMERA B1220(E) Distilled Coconut Fatty Acid 264-275 265-276 6-12 22-26 max. 10.0 max. 1.5 5.0-10.0 4.0-8.5 45.0-56.0 15.0-21.0 8.0-13.0 0.5-3.0 3.0-9.0 max. 3.0 max. 1.0 → PALMERA B1220(E) Topped Coconut Fatty Acid 254-263 255-264 8-11 25-29 max. 3.5 max. 0.8 ← max. 1.5 51-58 21-24 9-13 1-5 5-9 1-3 max. 1 → PALMERA B1220(E) Topped Palm Kernel Fatty Acid 244-254 244-255 16-21 25-28 max. 3.0 max. 0.5 max. 0.1 max. 1.5 40.0-60.0 14.0-20.0 6.0-12.0 max. 5.0 12.0-22.0 max. 5.0 → PALMERA B1220(E) Distilled Palm Fatty Acid 206-211 207-212 48-58 43-48 max. 10 max. 1 max. 3 42-48 2-8 35-41 8-12 PALMERA B1220(E) Distilled Palm Oil Fatty Acid 204-210 205-211 46-56 42-48 max. 3.0 max. 0.5 max. 100 max. 4.0 40-48 3-9 35-44 7-12 max. 0.5 PALMERA B1220(E)Palm Kernel Based Heavy End Fatty Acid 200-208 57-65 35-41 max. 10 max. 1.5 ← max. 3.5 26.0-35.0 max. 12.0 min. 45.0 max. 15.0 max. 2.0 → PALMERA B1220(E) Distilled PFAD 206-211 48-58 43-48 max. 15 max. 1 max. 3 42-48 2-8 35-41 8-12 Distilled Fatty Acids Distilled fatty acids are produced from vegetable oils via splitting and distillation/topping and may be offered in their natural form or as (part) hardened. The most common types of distilled fatty acids include palm oil fatty acid, topped palm kernel fatty acid and distilled coconut type fatty acid. Palm stearine fatty acid and palm oil fatty acid mainly consist of C16 and C18 chains. They are used in e.g. production of fatty acid alkanolamides or (methyl) esters, imidazolines, fatty amines, anionic specialty surfactants, alkyd resins for paints and in toiletry, laundry, liquid and transparent soap. Also the plastic and rubber industry uses these fatty acids. Palm kernel fatty acids are offered as 8-18 and as 12-18, hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated. Their main use is in detergents, cleaning and personal care applications. Coconut fatty acid type is also available in the 8-18 and 12-18 types, hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated. The main application is for derivatives manufacturing including esters, fatty amines, anionic specialty surfactants but also alkyd resins for paints and soap production. PALMERA B1220(E)Stearic Acid 204-213 205-214 max. 1.0 54.0-56.0 max. 1.3 max. 0.5 max. 1 max. 2 57.0-65.0 35.0-43.0 max. 2 → PALMERA B1220(E)Triple Pressed Stearic Acid 206-212 207-213 max. 0.5 54-57 max. 2.0 max. 0.2 max. 2.0 55-60 39-45 max. 1.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid 205-210 max. 1.0 55-57 max. 1.5 max. 0.4 max. 3.0 42.0-49.0 47.0-56.0 max. 2.0 PALMERA B1220(E)Stearic Acid 205-210 206-211 max. 1 54-56 max. 1.5 max. 0.4 ← max. 2.0 max. 3 40-52 45-54 max. 2 → PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid 200-210 202-212 max. 5 53-59 max. 15.0 max. 2.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid 205-215 197-217 max. 1.0 52-58 max. 1.5 max. 0.4 ← max. 2 70-85 PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid 202.0-206.0 203.0-207.0 max. 1.0 58-61 max. 2.0 max. 0.3 max. 0.1 max. 2 30.0-35.0 63.0-68.0 max. 1 max. 1 PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid 201-209 202-210 max. 1 56-59 max. 1.0 max. 0.4 max. 1.0 max. 1.5 36.0-40.0 56.0-60.0 max. 1 max. 1.5 PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid 208-212 max. 1.0 52.0-56.0 max. 1.0 max. 0.3 max. 4 49-55 40-47 PALMERA B1220(E)Stearic Acid 205-210 206-211 max. 1 54-56 max. 1.5 max. 0.4 ← max 2.0 2.0-3.0 40-52 45-54 max. 2 → PALMERA B1220(E) Distilled Palm Kernel Fatty Acid/Oleic Acid 215-225 216-226 59-69 max. 10.0 max. 1.5 20-26 5-11 5-11 max. 4 42-50 8-14 max. 1 → PALMERA B1220(E) Stearic Acid 55% 204-210 205-211 max. 0.7 55.5-57.5 max. 3.0 max. 0.3 max. 2.0 41-47 52-58 max. 1.0 PALMERA B1220(E) Mixed Fatty Acid 206-212 207-213 max. 3.0 54.0-59.0 max. 10 max. 1 3.0-4.5 3.0-4.5 26.0-33.0 55.0-65.0 max. 2.0 → Stearic Acids Fatty Acids Stearic Acids and Oleic Acids Stearic acid and oleic acid mainly exist of a mixture of C16 and C18 acids. Stearic acids are completely saturated and solid at room temperature, and oleic acid contains unsaturation being liquid at room temperature. They can be derived from feedstocks such as palm stearin, palm oil and palm kernel oil, but also from european crops like rapeseed oil. All stearines and oleins offered by KLK Emmerich Site are non GMO and kosher. They can be made available under Mass Balance under RSPO conditions. i The main application areas of stearins and oleins include: › Ester and fatty alcohol production › Fatty acid derivatives such as isethionates and sarcosinates › Surfactants in personal care products, liquid and transparent soaps › Corrosion/rust inhibitor for antifreeze › Agricultural chemicals › Adhesives, coatings and inks › Waxes for crayons, candles and leather › Cements › Lubricants and metal working fluids › Plastic and rubber › Textiles etc. PALMERA B1220(E)Oleic Acid 195-203 196-204 min. 86 max. 8.5 max. 225 min. 75 max. 13 PALMERA B1220(E) Low Odour Oleic Acid 194-203 194-204 93-100 max. 10 max. 1 max. 10 max. 0.5 max. 4.0 max. 2.0 75-85 10-18 max. 0.2 max. 1 PALMERA B1220(E) Oleic Acid 195-203 196-204 90-100 max. 7.5 max. 12.0 max. 1.5 max. 200 min. 70 max. 18 PALMERA B1220(E) Distilled Vegetable Fatty Acid 193.0-203.0 194.0-204.0 120.0-145.0 max. atty Acids Fatty acids are produced by splitting fats and oils to give fatty acid and glycerine. MKR is the authorised UK distributor for Palm Oleo, who produces Palmera B1220(E)brand fatty acids which are manufactured from palm oil. There is a wide range of applications for fatty acids including: Plastics and rubber Pharmaceuticals Soaps and detergents Crayons and candles Cosmetics Food additives Varnishes and paints Synthetic lubricants and cutting oils Palmera B1220(E)meaning in Hindi : Get meaning and translation of Palmera B1220(E)in Hindi language with grammar,antonyms,synonyms and sentence usages. Know answer of question : what is meaning of Palmera B1220(E)in Hindi? Palmera B1220(E) ka matalab hindi me kya hai (Palmera B1220(E)). Palmera B1220(E)meaning in Hindi (हिन्दी मे मीनिंग ) is खजूर का वृक्ष.English definition of Palmera B1220(E): Tags: Hindi meaning of Palmera B1220(E), Palmera B1220(E) meaning in hindi, Palmera B1220(E) ka matalab hindi me, Palmera B1220(E) translation and definition in Hindi language.Palmera B1220(E)| Palmera B1220(E) (KLK Oleo Company) having a carbon distribution by weight of 5.33% C8, 6.38% Cio, 51.13% C12, 17.66% Cw, 7.43% C16, 1.74% Cu, 7.63% Ci, i and 1.1% Ci82 2 : Palmera B1220(E) (KLK Oleo Company) having a carbon distribution by weight of 0.71% Cio, 52.26% Ci2, 17.32% d4, 9.36% C16, 2.34% Ci8, 15.40% C18i and 2.25% C„2 3 : Palmera B1220(E) (KLK Oleo Company) having a carbon distribution by weight of 5.61% C8, 8.59% C10, 49.54% Ci2, 17.75% Cu, 8.28% Ci6 and 8.41% C18

CAS Number: 30399-84-9
Molecular Formula: C18H36O2
Molecular Weight: 284.47700




APPLICATIONS

Palmera IS 10 is a lightly-branched, liquid fatty acid produced by the reaction of oleic acid with a natural mineral catalyst.
There is no chemical addition in this reaction, isostearic acid is based 100% on the parent oil or fat.
Palmera IS 10 is used in applications which require a liquid fatty acid with exceptional stability: thermal stability in the case of a lubricant, odour stability for a cosmetic formulation, and oxidation stability for products with long shelf-life requirements.

The branching structure of Palmera IS 10 also enhances its dispersing power.
Palmera IS 10 is used in cosmetic and industrial applications for the stabilisation of pigments and mineral particles in oils and solvents.

Palmera IS 10 is an exceptionally mild liquid fatty acid that offers a light lubricious feel and can be used in many skin care and colour cosmetic applications.
Further, Palmera IS 10 also offers film forming properties, making it ideal for use in soaps, shaving foams and liquid cleansers.

Palmera IS 10 can be used as:

Opacifer
Softener and conditioner

Being a fatty acid, Palmera IS 10 is also amphiphilic, meaning it is a molecule with a hydrophobic end and a hydrophilic end.
As such, Palmera IS 10 can have favorable interactions with both polar and non-polar molecules, enabling it to act as a surfactant.

Palmera IS 10 is also soluble in many oils, which allows it to be used as an emulsifier or dispersant.
With this set of properties, Palmera IS 10 is a useful additive in a variety of applications.

Palmera IS 10 is used in applications which require a liquid fatty acid with exceptional stability: thermal stability in the case of a lubricant, odour stability for a cosmetic formulation, and oxidation stability for products with long shelf-life requirements.
The branching structure of Palmera IS 10 also enhances its dispersing power, and it is used in cosmetic and industrial applications for the stabilisation of pigments and mineral particles in oils and solvents.

Palmera IS 10 can be used as:

Surface modifier
Surfactant (surface active agent)
Swelling agent

Palmera IS 10 is used as emulsifier.
Moreover, Palmera IS 10 is used as surfactant.
Palmera IS 10 can be used as cleansing Agent.

Palmera IS 10 can be used in decorative cosmetics.
Furthermore, Palmera IS 10 can be used in fragrances.

Palmera IS 10 can be used in hair care.
Moreover, Palmera IS 10 can be used in skin care.
Palmera IS 10 can be used in toiletries.



DESCRIPTION


Palmera IS 10 is used in the production of TMP esters which are further used in lubricant applications.
Further, Palmera IS 10 exhibits good oxidative stability and offers excellent low temperature properties.
Palmera IS 10 finds application in transparent soaps.

PALMERA Distilled and Fractionated Fatty Acids are produced in accordance with the required demands and quality standards such as GMP and HACCP – making them suitable for food, pharmaceutical and personal care applications.
Palmera IS 10 can be used as-is, or as a derivative.

Fatty Acids may be found in plastics, rubber, textiles, lubricants, metal-working, crayons, candles, biocides, paints, inks and etc.
Palmera IS 10 is a lightly-branched, liquid fatty acid produced by the reaction of oleic acid with a natural mineral catalyst – there is no chemical addition in this reaction, Palmera IS 10 is based 100% on the parent oil or fat.

Palmera IS 10 is used in applications which require a liquid fatty acid with exceptional stability: thermal stability in the case of a lubricant, odour stability for a cosmetic formulation, and oxidation stability for products with long shelf-life requirements.
The branching structure of Palmera IS 10 also enhances its dispersing power, and it is used in cosmetic and industrial applications for the stabilisation of pigments and mineral particles in oils and solvents.



PROPERTIES


a) Physical state: powder
b) Color: No data available
c) Odor: No data available
d) Melting point/freezing point: No data available
e) Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
f) Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
g) Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
h) Flash point: No data available
i) Autoignition temperature: No data available
j) Decomposition temperature: No data available
k) pH: No data available
l) Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
m) Water solubility: No data available
n) Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water No data available
o) Vapor pressure: No data available
p) Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
q) Relative vapor density: No data available
r) Particle characteristics: No data available
s) Explosive properties: No data available
t) Oxidizing properties: none


Chemical Properties of Palmera IS 10:

Boiling Point: 359.4ºC at 760mmHg
Molecular Formula: C18H36O2
Melting Point: 69.3ºC
Density: 0.888g/cm3
Boiling Point: 359.4ºC at 760mmHg
Melting Point: 69.3ºC
Molecular Formula: C18H36O2
Molecular Weight: 284.47700
Flash Point: 162.4ºC
Exact Mass: 284.27200
PSA: 37.30000
LogP: 6.18840
Flash Point: 162.4º



FIRST AID


Description of first-aid measures:

If inhaled:

If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.

In case of skin contact:

Wash off with soap and plenty of water.

In case of eye contact:

Flush eyes with water as a precaution.

If swallowed:

Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Precautions for safe handling:

Advice on protection against fire and explosion:

Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

Hygiene measures:

General industrial hygiene practice.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.
Storage stability
Recommended storage temperature: -20 °C

Prohibitions on mixed storage:

Keep Substance Away From:

Ignition sources.
(Strong) acids.
(Strong) bases.

Storage area:

Keep container in a well-ventilated place.
Store at ambient temperature.
Keep out of direct sunlight.
Meet the legal requirements.

Special rules on packaging:

Special Requirements:

Closing.
Correctly labelled.
Meet the legal requirements.

Packaging materials:

Suitable Material:

Steel with plastic inner lining.
Stainless steel.
Aluminum.

Storage class (TRGS 510): 13: Non Combustible Solids



SYNONYMS


Aliphatic acid
mixture of straight chain and methyl-branched C18
saturated acids
isooctadecanoic acid
emersol875
emery871
century1105
emersol871
prisorine3502
875d
emery875d
Iso- Octadecansäure
prisorine3508
prisorine3501
Isostearic acid
Isostearic acid 873
Isostearic acid EX
Jaric I 18CG
Jaric I 18IG
Prisorin ISAC 3505
Prisorine 3501
Prisorine 3502
Prisorine 3505
Prisorine 3508
UCN 96.319
Unimac 5680
Isooctadecanoic acid
Isostearic acid
Emery 875D
875D
Emersol 875

APPLICATIONS



Palmera IS 20 is used for chemicals added that influence or buffer ph.
Further, Palmera IS 20 can be used for flavouring.
Palmera IS 20 is used for fragrance.

Palmera IS 20 is used for fragrance component.
Moreover, Palmera IS 20 can be used for freeze protectant.

Palmera IS 20 is used for is products intended for pet care which do not fit into a more refined category.
More to that, Palmera IS 20 is used for miscellaneous pet treatments (excluding pesticides and shampoos).

Palmera IS 20 can be used for pet shampoos (including those containing pesticides, such as flea/tick shampoos).
Beside that, Palmera IS 20 is used for care products specifically for cats which do not fit into a more refined category.
Palmera IS 20 is used for preservative.

Used as a fungicide, herbicide and emulsifying agent; Palmera IS 20 occurs naturally in cheese and is an approved food preservative.
Palmera IS 20 is chemical intermediate for calcium, sodium propionates, cellulose propionate plastics, plasticizers, pharmaceuticals.

Palmera IS 20 is chemical intermediate for the herbicides dalapon, erbon, and propanil; grain preservative.
Beside that, Palmera IS 20 is used for adhesion/cohesion promoter.

Palmera IS 20 is used for agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal).
Further, Palmera IS 20 is used as intermediate.
Palmera IS 20 is used as preservative.

Palmera IS 20 is used for processing aids.
More to that, Palmera IS 20 is used for agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal).



DESCRIPTION


Palmera IS 20 is used in the production of TMP esters which are further used in lubricant applications.
Furthermore, Palmera IS 20 offers excellent low temperature properties and exhibits good oxidative stability.
Palmera IS 20 is used in transparent soaps.

Palmera IS 20 is a colorless liquid with a sharp rancid odor.
More to that, Palmera IS 20 produces irritating vapor.

Palmera IS 20 can be obtained from wood pulp waste by fermentation process using bacteria of the genus Propionibacterium.

Palmera IS 20 is a short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.
Moreover, Palmera IS 20 has a role as an antifungal drug.
Palmera IS 20 is a short-chain fatty acid and a saturated fatty acid.

Palmera IS 20 is a conjugate acid of a propionate.
Further, Palmera IS 20 is the sodium salt of propionic acid that exists as colorless, transparent crystals or a granular crystalline powder.

Palmera IS 20 is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food ingredient by FDA, where it acts as an antimicrobial agent for food preservation and flavoring agent.
The use of Palmera IS 20 as a food additive is also approved in Europe.
Palmera IS 20 is prepared by neutralizing propionic acid with sodium hydroxide.

Palmera IS 20 was previously approved in Canada as an active ingredient in Amino-Cerv (used to treat inflammation or injury of the cervix).

Relatively unreactive organic reagents should be collected in container A.
If halogenated, they should be collected in container B.
For solid residues use container C.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Weight: 74.08
XLogP3: 0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 74.036779430
Monoisotopic Mass: 74.036779430
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 5
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 40.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling point: 229 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.887 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.9 - 6.0 %(V)
Flash point: 86 °C
Ignition temperature: 230 °C
Melting Point: -90 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.12 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 0.1 g/l



FIRST AID


Description of first-aid measures

General advice:

Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.

In case of skin contact:

Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:

Flush eyes with water as a precaution.

If swallowed:

Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.



STORAGE AND HANDLING


Precautions for safe handling:

Advice on safe handling:

Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.

Advice on protection against fire and explosion:

Keep away from sources of ignition.
No smoking.
Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Hygiene measures:

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.


Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.

Storage class (TRGS 510): 2A: Gases



SYNONYMS


propionic acid
Propanoic acid
79-09-4
ethylformic acid
methylacetic acid
Carboxyethane
Metacetonic acid
Ethanecarboxylic acid
Pseudoacetic acid
Luprosil
Monoprop
propionate
Prozoin
Antischim B
Propionoic acid
Acide propionique
Methyl acetic acid
Sentry grain preserver
C3 acid
Tenox P grain preservative
Caswell No. 707
Propionic acid grain preserver
FEMA No. 2924
Propionsaeure
Propcorn
Propkorn
propoic acid
Propioic acid
acide propanoique
Propionic acid (natural)
Kyselina propionova
Carboxylic acids, C1-5
Acide propionique [French]
Kyselina propionova [Czech]
CCRIS 6096
proprionic acid
C1-5 Carboxylic acids
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 077702
Fatty acids, C3-24
HSDB 1192
n-propionic acid
Toxi-Check
AI3-04167
CH3-CH2-COOH
UN1848
BRN 0506071
Propionic acid [NF]
CHEBI:30768
JHU490RVYR
CHEMBL14021
INS NO.280
68937-68-8
INS-280
metacetonate
propanate
pseudoacetate
ethanecarboxylate
68990-37-4
Propionic acid (NF)
Propionic acid [UN1848] [Corrosive]
E-280
Propionic acid, >=99.5%
Propanyl acid
FEMA Number 2924
EINECS 201-176-3
UNII-JHU490RVYR
MFCD00002756
Luprisol
proponic acid
1-propanoic acid
2-methylacetic acid
EINECS 273-079-4
EtCO2H
Propionic acid solution
Propionic acid, 99%
Propanoic acid (9CI)
C2H5COOH
DSSTox_CID_5961
bmse000179
Epitope ID:139981
Propionic acid, >=99%
Propionic acid, 99.5%
EC 201-176-3
PROPIONIC ACID [MI]
DSSTox_GSID_25961
Propionic Acid Reagent Grade
NATURAL PROPIONIC ACID
Propionic acid (6CI,8CI)
PROPIONIC ACID [FCC]
4-02-00-00695 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Propionic acid, 99%, FCC
PROPIONIC ACID [FHFI]
PROPIONIC ACID [HSDB]
PROPIONIC ACID [INCI]
PROPIONIC ACID [VANDF]
GTPL1062
PROPIONIC ACID [MART.]
DTXSID8025961
PROPIONIC ACID [USP-RS]
PROPIONIC ACID [WHO-DD]
AMY4114
Top distillation cut by-product acids, monobasic (C1-C5)
Methylacetic Acid, Propanoic Acid
Propionic acid, ACS reagent grade
Carboxymethoxylaminehemihydrochloride
Propionic acid, analytical standard
ZINC6050663
Propionic acid, natural, 99%, FG
Tox21_304030
BDBM50082199
LMFA01010003
STL168039
Propionic acid, feed grade, 98.7%
AKOS000118853
DB03766
UN 1848
CAS-79-09-4
Propionic acid, for synthesis, 99.5%
NCGC00357239-01
Propionic acid, >=99.5%, FCC, FG
BP-20411
E280
Propionic acid 100 microg/mL in Ethanol
Propionic acid, ACS reagent, >=99.5%
FT-0637136
FT-0658557
P0500
Propionic acid 100 microg/mL in Cyclohexane
Propionic acid, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
C00163
D02310
Propionic acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
Propionic acid, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (GC)
Q422956
F2191-0098
Propionic acid, BioReagent, suitable for insect cell culture, ~99%
Propionic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

APPLICATIONS


Palmera IS 30 can be used as emulsifier.
Palmera IS 30 is used as surfactant/ cleansing agent.

Some uses of Palmera IS 30:

Decorative cosmetics
Fragrances
Hair care
Skin care
Toiletries

Palmera IS 30 is used for paints or sealers for treating fabrics.
More to that, Palmera IS 30 is used for shellacs or polyurethane coatings for primarily craft purposes.

Palmera IS 30 can be used in writing utensils containing liquid or gel ink.
Moreover, Palmera IS 30 can be used in products used for cleaning or safety in an occupational or industrial setting (e.g. industrial cleaning supplies or laundry detergent, eye wash, spill kits) .
Palmera IS 30 is used in cleaning and household care products that can not be placed in a more refined category.

Palmera IS 30 is used in bathtub, tile, and toilet surface cleaners.
Further, Palmera IS 30 is used in products that impart a shine to solid floors.
Palmera IS 30 is used for cleaning products for general household cleaning, which do not fit into a more refined category.

Palmera IS 30 is used for products that remove stains or discoloration of fabric (including color-safe bleaches) used in laundry.
Beside that, Palmera IS 30 is used for products used to clean glass, mirrors, and windows.

Palmera IS 30 is used in heavy duty hard surface cleaning products that may require dilution prior to use (i.e., may be concentrated).
Moreover, Palmera IS 30 is used in products used in washing machines to clean fabrics.

Palmera IS 30 is used in products used to polish metal surfaces.
Further, Palmera IS 30 can be used in products applied to footwear to color, polish, clean, or add a protective surface.

Palmera IS 30 can be used as dispersing agent.
Furthermore, Palmera IS 30 can be used as emollient.

Palmera IS 30 can be used as emulsifier.
Furthermore, Palmera IS 30 can be used as flavouring.
Palmera IS 30 can be used as fragrance.

Palmera IS 30 can be used as fragrance component.
Further, Palmera IS 30 can be used in general formulation products used for home maintenance, which do not fit into a more refined category.
Palmera IS 30 can be used in products applied to hard surfaces to remove paints and finishes.

Palmera IS 30 is used in miscellaneous welding products including gases, fluxes, and adhesives.
Moreover, Palmera IS 30 is used in formulations used as part of a process, or in a piece of equipment (e.g. lubricants, adhesives, sealants, oils, paints, coatings).

Palmera IS 30 is used in antibacterial products for application to hands.
More to that, Palmera IS 30 is used in liquid hand soaps.

Palmera IS 30 is used in deodorants and antiperspirants.
Further, Palmera IS 30 is used in facial cleansing products containing exfoliating particles (excluding products for acne).
Palmera IS 30 is used in general hair coloring products which can not be classified into a more refined category.

Palmera IS 30 is used in general hair styling or hair care products which do not fit into a more refined category.
Moreover, Palmera IS 30 can be used for rinse-out everyday hair conditioners (excluding combo shampoo/conditioner products).

Palmera IS 30 can be used for products for imparting hold, shine, or texture to hair.
Beside that, Palmera IS 30 is used in make-up or cosmetic products which do not fit into a more refined category.

Palmera IS 30 can be used for foundation make-up and concealers.
Furthemore, Palmera IS 30 is used in lip products primarily for protection.
Palmera IS 30 is used in glossy lip products.

Palmera IS 30 is used in eyelash mascaras.
More to that, Palmera IS 30 is used in pure chemicals or ingredients.
Palmera IS 30 is used as solublizer.

Palmera IS 30 is used as solvent.
Moreover, Palmera IS 30 is used as surface conditioner.
Palmera IS 30 is used as surfactant.

Palmera IS 30 is used to make soaps and detergents, to prepare turkey red oil, and to waterproof fabrics
Further, Palmera IS 30 is also used in polishing compounds, oiling wool, thickening lubricating oils, anionic and nonionic surfactants, plasticizers, waxes, ointments, cosmetics, and food-grade additives; Other uses are ore flotation, rodent extermination, and defoaming.

Palmera IS 30 is defoaming agent in wet-process phosphoric acid process
Further, Palmera IS 30 can be used as abrasives
Palmera IS 30 can be used as adhesives and sealant chemicals

Palmera IS 30 can be used as agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
More to that, Palmera IS 30 can be used as corrosion inhibitor

Palmera IS 30 can be used as emulsifier
Moreover, Palmera IS 30 can be used as finishing agents

Palmera IS 30 can be used as flotation agent
Beside that, Palmera IS 30 can be used as foamant
Palmera IS 30 can be used as fuel

Palmera IS 30 is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid.
Further, Palmera IS 30 is obtained by the hydrolysis of various animal and vegetable fats and oils.
Palmera IS 30 is used as an emulsifying or solubilizing agent in aerosol products.

Palmera IS 30 can be used in paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories.
Furthermore, Palmera IS 30 can be used as pigment.
Palmera IS 30 can be used in processing aids, not otherwise listed.

Palmera IS 30 is also known as omega-9.
Furthermore, Palmera IS 30 can improve the skinpenetration abilities of a preparation’s other components.
Palmera IS 30 is an essential fatty acid.

Palmera IS 30 is obtained from various animal and vegetable fats and oils, and may be mildly irritating to the skin.



DESCRIPTION


Palmera IS 30 is used in the production of TMP esters which are further used in lubricant applications.
Further, Palmera IS 30 offers excellent low temperature properties and exhibits good oxidative stability.
PALMERA IS-30 finds application in transparent soaps.

Palmera IS 30 is a cis-unsaturated fatty acid that has been shown to activate protein kinase C in hepatocytes.
More to that, Palmera IS 30 potentiates acetylcholine receptor currents by activating CaM kinase II, independent of the PKC pathway.
Unsaturated fatty acid that has been shown to activate protein kinase C in hepatocytes.
Density of Palmera IS 30 is 0.89 g/ml.

Palmera IS 30 is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a mild odor.
Further,Palmera IS 30 floats on water.

Palmera IS 30 is an octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.
Furthermore, Palmera IS 30 has a role as an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a plant metabolite, a Daphnia galeata metabolite, a solvent, an antioxidant and a mouse metabolite.
Palmera IS 30t is a conjugate acid of an oleate. It derives from a hydride of a cis-octadec-9-ene.

Palmera IS 30 is a natural product found in Gladiolus italicus, Prunus mume, and other organisms with data available.

This carboxylic acid, also known as Palmera IS 30, presents as a colorless to yellow liquid.
Palmera IS 30 is known to be soluble in many organic solvents and miscible in methanol, acetone and carbon tetrachloride.

Palmera IS 30 is also insoluble in water.
For best results, keep container of Palmera IS 30 tightly closed.
Store in a refrigerator, under inert gas - this substance is heat sensitive, air sensitive and light sensitive.

Palmera IS 30 is incompatible with oxidizing agents and strong bases.
More to that, Palmera IS 30 causes skin irritation and eye irritation.

Palmera IS 30, a monounsaturated fatty acid originally derived from Olea europaea, has been shown to be an anti-proliferative agent.
Moreover, Palmera IS 30 has also been reported to promote neuronal differentiation in murine cell cultures.

Mechanistic studies suggest that these Palmera IS 30 effects are mediated by PPARβ.
Furthermore, Palmera IS 30 has demonstrated the ability to stimulate an increase in secretion of collagen I, TGF-β secretion, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2.
Palmera IS 30 Acid is an activator of PKC and CaMKII.



PROPERTIES


Purity / Analysis Method: >99.0%(GC)(T)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C18H34O2 = 282.47
Physical State (20 deg.C): Liquid
Storage Temperature: 0-10°C
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Light Sensitive,Air Sensitive,Heat Sensitive
assay: ≥99% (GC)
Molecular Weight: 282.5
XLogP3 6.5: Computed by XLogP3 3.0
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 15
Exact Mass: 282.255880323
Monoisotopic Mass: 282.255880323
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 20
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 234
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
form: liquid
storage condition: OK to freeze
color: colorless
solubility:
chloroform: 10 mg/mL
ethanol: 5 mg/mL
density: 0.89 g/mL
storage temp.: 2-8°C



FIRST AID


Description of first-aid measures:

If inhaled:

After inhalation: fresh air.

In case of skin contact

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

In case of eye contact

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed

After swallowing:
make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.



STORAGE AND HANDLING


Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Storage conditions:
Protected from light.
Tightly closed.
Store at +2°C to +8°C.



SYNONYMS


cis-9-Octadecenoic Acid
oleic acid
112-80-1
cis-9-Octadecenoic acid
oleate
(Z)-Octadec-9-enoic acid
ALDEHYDE C1
FORMALDE-FRESH
FORMALDE-FRESH SOLUTION
FORMALDE-FRESH SOLUTION, BUFFERED
FORMALDEHYDE
FORMALDEHYDE, BUFFERED
FORMALDEHYDE, CARSON-MILLON
FORMALDEHYDE DEVELOPING SOLUTION
FORMALDEHYDE SOLUTION
FORMALDEHYDI
FORMALIN
FORMALIN, CARSONS
FORMALIN, NEUTRAL
FORMALIN NEUTRAL BUFFER
FORMALIN, NEUTRAL BUFFERED
FORMALIN NEUTRAL SODIUM SALT
FORMIC ALDEHYDE
FORMOL
METHANAL
METHANONE
Elaidoic acid
cis-Oleic acid
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-
Δ9-cis-Oleic acid
cis-Oleic Acid
cis-9-Octadecenoic Acid
Emersol 211; Emersol 220 White Oleic Acid
Emersol 221 Low Titer White Oleic Acid
Oelsauere; Oleine 7503
Pamolyn 100
Vopcolene 27; Wecoline OO
Z-9-Octadecenoic acid
cis-Octadec-9-enoic acid
cis-Δ9-octadecenoic acid
cis-Δ9-Octadecenoate
neo-Fat 90-04
neo-Fat 92-04; Century cd fatty acid
Elaidoic acid; Emersol 210
Emersol 213; Emersol 6321; Glycon RO
Glycon WO
Groco 2
Groco 4
Groco 5l
Groco 6; Hy-phi 1055
Hy-phi 1088; Hy-phi 2066; Hy-phi 2088
Hy-phi 2102; K 52; L'Acide oleique
Metaupon; Tego-oleic 130
9-Octadecenoic acid, cis-; Elaic acid
Industrene 105
Industrene 205; Industrene 206
Oleinic acid; Pamolyn
Wochem no. 320
(Z)-9-Octadecanoic acid
Emersol 6313 NF; Priolene 6906
9-(Z)-octadecenoic acid; (Z)-Octadec-9-enoic acid
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-; D 100
Emersol 205; Extraolein 90
Wecoline OO
Vopcolene 27
Glycon wo
Pamolyn 100
Glycon RO
Metaupon
Oelsauere
Groco 5l
Groco 2
Groco 4
Groco 6
Tego-oleic 130
Emersol 211
9Z-Octadecenoic acid
cis-Octadec-9-enoic acid
Industrene 105
Industrene 205
Industrene 206
Pamolyn
Z-9-Octadecenoic acid
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-
Oleinic acid
Emersol 210
Emersol 213
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-
L'Acide oleique
Century cd fatty acid
Emersol 6321
Extraolein 90
Oleine 7503
9-Octadecenoic acid, (Z)-
Emersol 205
Emersol 233LL
Hy-phi 1055
Hy-phi 1088
Hy-phi 2066
Hy-phi 2088
Hy-phi 2102
Elaic acid
Priolene 6906
9-octadecenoic acid
White oleic acid
Wochem no. 320
Emersol 220 white oleic acid
FEMA No. 2815
Extra Oleic 80R
Extra Oleic 90
Extra Oleic 99
Extra Olein 80
Extra Olein 90R
Lunac O-CA
Lunac O-LL
Lunac O-P
neo-Fat 92-04
Priolene 6907
Priolene 6928
Priolene 6930
Priolene 6933
Elainic acid
Emersol 6313NF
cis-Oleate
delta9-cis-Oleic acid
(9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid
(9Z)-Octadecenoic acid
FEMA Number 2815
D 100 (fatty acid)
Emersol 221 low titer white oleic acid
K 52
Oelsaeure
9-cis-Octadecenoic acid
HSDB 1240
Red oil
D 100
(9Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid
Oleic acid [NF]
9-octadecylenic acid
Emersol 233
OLEICACID
18:1Delta9cis
Priolene 6936
CHEBI:16196
NSC-9856
9,10-Octadecenoic acid
C18:1n-9
neo-Fat 90-04
.delta.9-cis-Oleic acid
9-(Z)-octadecenoic acid
(Z)-9-Octadecanoic acid
9-Octadecenoic acid, cis-
cis-.delta.9-Octadecenoate
2UMI9U37CP
CHEMBL8659
cis-.delta.9-Octadecenoic acid
cis-Delta(9)-octadecenoic acid
NSC9856
Oleic acid (NF)
Osteum
MFCD00064242
C18:1 n-9
FA 18:1
Octadec-9-enoic acid
NCGC00091119-02
18:1 n-9
C18:1
cis-9-octadecenoate
(9Z)- Octadecenoic acid
DSSTox_CID_5809
18:1(n-9)
Oleic acid, pure
DSSTox_RID_77930
DSSTox_GSID_25809
Oleic acid (natural)
Caswell No. 619
Wecoline OO (VAN)
Acide oleique [French]
Acide oleique
cis-delta9-octadecenoic acid
l'Acide oleique [French]
CAS-112-80-1
SMR000326739
CCRIS 682
NAA 35
Sulfurized oleic acid
Sulphurized oleic acid
Oleic acid, sulfurized
cis-delta(sup 9)-Octadecenoic acid
NSC 9856
EINECS 204-007-1
UNII-2UMI9U37CP
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 031702
BRN 1726542
Distoline
Oleinate
oleaic acid
Rapinic acid
AI3-01291
1gni
1hms
1vyf
2lkk
Oleic acid Liquid
Lunac OA
Edenor ATiO5
Edenor FTiO5
Industrene 104
Z-9-Octadecenoate
EINECS 270-164-8
Oleic acid, p.a.
Emersol 213NF
Emersol 214NF
Pamolyn 125
Priolene 6900
9,10-Octadecenoate
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, sulfurized
Oleic acid (8CI)
oleic acid extra pure
cis-Octadec-9-enoate
Pamolyn 100 FG
Pamolyn 100 FGK
9-(Z)-octadecenoate
Emersol 7021
9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, sulfurized
(Z)-9-Octadecanoate
Emersol 6313 NF
Emersol 6333 NF
Oleic acid-9,10-t
(9Z)-9-Octadecenoate
Emersol 220 White Oleate
OLEIC ACID [VANDF]
Oleic acid, technical grade
SCHEMBL1138
Delta9-cis-Octadecenoic acid
OLEIC ACID [MART.]
WLN: QV8U9-C
OLEIC ACID [USP-RS]
OLEIC ACID [WHO-DD]
4-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
99148-48-8
MLS001056779
MLS002153498
MLS002454427
9-octadecenoic acid, (9Z)-
(9Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid
GTPL1054
Oleic acid, analytical standard
DTXSID1025809
Oleic acid, >=93% (GC)
Oleic acid, >=99% (GC)
REGID_for_CID_445639
1g7
OLEIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH]
HMS2234O13
HMS3649H21
HMS3885H18
Oleic acid, technical grade, 90%
HY-N1446
ZINC6845860
ENDOCINE COMPONENT OLEIC ACID
Tox21_111086
Tox21_201967
Tox21_303324AKOS017343225
cis-.delta.(sup 9)-Octadecenoic acid
AT13415
CCG-267270
9-Octadecenoic-9,10-t2 acid, (Z)-
NCGC00091119-01
NCGC00091119-03
NCGC00257233-01
NCGC00259516-01
68412-07-7
AC-33767
AS-1606
BP-24023
FA(18:19Z))
Oleic acid, SAJ first grade, >=70.0%
Oleic acid, Selectophore(TM), >=99.0%
CS-0016886
O0011
O0180
C00712
D02315
Oleic acid, from suet, natural, >=60% (GC)
AB00641912_08
9-Octadecenoic-9,10-t2 acid, (9Z)- (9CI)
A894525
SR-01000780573
OLEIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SPIRULINA) [DSC]
SR-01000780573-6
9-Octadecenoic acid(Z)-,oxidized,sulfonated,sodium salts
F0001-0262
OLEIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF FLAX SEED OIL) [DSC]
OLEIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO) [DSC]
Oleic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
OLEIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF BORAGE SEED OIL) [DSC]
Oleic acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Ole
Oleic acid, PharmaGrade, Manufactured under appropriate controls for use as raw material in pharma or biopharmaceutical production.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is a biodegradable, fatty ester derived from renewable vegetable oils.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate acts as a lubricant, viscosity modifier, plasticizer for polymer.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is suitable for internal & external automotive, transportation, appliances, electrical market, household products and consumer goods.

CAS: 112-11-8
MF: C21H40O2
MW: 324.54
EINECS: 203-935-4

Synonyms
9-Octadecenoicacid(Z)-,1-methylethylester;9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 1-methylethyl ester;Isopropyloleat;(Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1-methylethyl ester;Oleic acid isopropyl ester;Isopropyl (Z)-9-octadecenoate;1-methylethyl ester;9-Octadecenoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester;Isopropyl oleate;112-11-8;Oleic acid, isopropyl ester;9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 1-methylethyl ester;propan-2-yl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate;9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 1-methylethyl ester;Isopropyl 9Z-octadecenoate;4152WNN49V;NSC-50952;WE(2:0(1Me)/18:1(9Z));i-Propyl 9-octadecenoate;UNII-4152WNN49V;EINECS 203-935-4;NSC 50952;AI3-32462;AEC ISOPROPYL OLEATE;EC 203-935-4;isopropyl oleate, AldrichCPR;SCHEMBL61998;1-Methylethyl-9-octadecenoate;ISOPROPYL OLEATE [INCI];PZQSQRCNMZGWFT-QXMHVHEDSA-N;NSC50952;LMFA07010671;9-Octadecenoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester;NS00004593;(2E)-4-[(4-Methoxybenzyl)oxy]-2-buten-1-ol;Q27258396

Recommended for packaging, pipe, hoses & fittings, wiring & cables, building and construction. Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is KOSHER and HALAL certified.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is prepared by the esterification of oleic acid and isopropanol.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is an ester that is widely used in various fields of research and industry due to its pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial applications.
This paper provides an overview of Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate and its physical and chemical properties, synthesis, characterization, analytical methods, biological properties, toxicity and safety in scientific experiments, applications in scientific experiments, current state of research, and potential implications in various fields of research and industry.
Additionally, this paper explores the limitations of IPO and future directions for research and development.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is an ester composed of isopropyl alcohol and oleic acid.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is a liquid at room temperature, colorless, and odorless in nature.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry as a solvent and penetration enhancer and can also be used in cosmetics and personal care products due to its emollient properties.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate has a low viscosity and can penetrate the skin easily, making it beneficial for topical applications.
Additionally, Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is used as a lubricant in the industrial sector.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is a non-branched mono saturated fatty acid ester obtained from isopropanol and oleic acid, from palm and olive oil.
Clear liquid with a melting point of -12 ºC.
Cosmetic formulations: binding, skin conditioning, emollient.
Industrial uses: manufacturer of washing and cleaning products, polymers, adhesives and sealants, textile treatment products and dyes, lubricants and greases, plant protection products, pH regulators and water treatment products.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate Chemical Properties
Melting point: -37.7 °C
Boiling point: 215-217 °C(Press: 14-15 Torr)
Density: 0.8678 g/cm3(Temp: 15 °C)
LogP: 5.79 at 20℃
EPA Substance Registry System: Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate (112-11-8)

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is a transparent oily liquid, colorless, odorless, and insoluble in water.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate can be used as cosmetics, plasticizers, machinery oil additives and surface wetting agents for dyes, etc.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is composed of isopropyl oleate.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate can be used as a lubricant base fluid.
The physical and chemical properties of isopropyl oleate play a crucial role in determining its applications in various fields.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is a colorless, clear liquid with a boiling point of 216°C, a melting point of -39°C, and a density of 0.873 g/cm3.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is highly soluble in various solvents, including alcohols, ethers, and hydrocarbons.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is stable under normal conditions, but can undergo a hydrolysis reaction with water to produce isopropanol and oleic acid.

Uses
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate also has good low temperature properties.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate can effectively reduce the freezing point and cold filter point of biodiesel and improve the low temperature flow properties of biodiesel.

Synthesis and Characterization
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate can be synthesized by several methods, including esterification, transesterification, and direct esterification.
The most common method is esterification, where isopropyl alcohol and Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate are reacted in the presence of a catalyst such as sulfuric acid.
The reaction results in the formation of isopropyl oleate and water.
The characterization of Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is done using various analytical methods.
These methods include infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate, a clear liquid, is an ester resulting from the combination of isopropyl alcohol and oleic acid.
With its smooth and non-greasy texture, Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate serves as an excellent emollient in cosmetic formulations.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate plays a key role as a skin-conditioning agent, contributing to the softness and hydration of the skin.

CAS Number: 112-11-8
EC Number: 203-935-4

Isopropyl Oleate, Oleic Acid Isopropyl Ester, Ester of Isopropyl Alcohol and Oleic Acid, Isopropyl Ester of Oleic Acid, Isopropyl Oleate Ester, Oleic Acid Ester with Isopropyl Alcohol, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 1511, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 1515, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 1618, Estol 1650 Isopropyl Oleate, Estol 1655 Isopropyl Oleate, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 1762, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 1862, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 1865, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 1868, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 1875, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 1895, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 1911, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 1915, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 1962, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 1965, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 1968, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 1975, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 1985, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 2011, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 2015, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 2062, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 2065, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 2068, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 2075, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 2085, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 3011, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 3015, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 3062, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 3065, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 3068, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 3075, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 3085, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 4011, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 4015, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 4062, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 4065, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 4068, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 4075, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 4085, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 5011, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 5015, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 5062, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 5065, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 5068, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 5075, Isopropyl Oleate Estol 5085, IPM Oleate, Oleate Ester of Isopropyl Alcohol, Oleic Acid Ester with 2-Propanol, 2-Propanol Oleate, 1-Methylethyl Ester of Oleic Acid, Oleic Acid Ester with Propan-2-ol, Isopropanol Oleate, Oleic Acid 2-Propanol Ester, Ester of Oleic Acid and Isopropanol, Oleic Acid Ester with Isopropanol.



APPLICATIONS


Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate widespread application in skincare products, serving as a key emollient for lotions and creams.
Its role in cosmetic formulations extends to makeup products, contributing to the smooth application of foundations and concealers.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is utilized in topical formulations, enhancing the delivery of active ingredients.
Haircare products, including conditioners and styling formulations, benefit from Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate's hair-conditioning properties.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate's use as a lubricant base fluid is essential in automotive applications, ensuring efficient and smooth operation of mechanical components.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate serves as a plasticizer in polymer formulations, influencing the flexibility and resilience of plastic materials.
Its presence in cleaning and maintenance products enhances the spreadability and performance of these formulations.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is a valuable ingredient in sunscreens, contributing to even application and improved skin feel.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is used in the production of personal lubricants, providing a smooth and non-irritating experience.
In the textile industry, Isopropyl Oleate is employed as a fabric softener, enhancing the feel of textiles.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is found in adhesive formulations, improving the adhesive properties and application of these products.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is used in the formulation of insect repellents, contributing to the spreadability of the repellent on the skin.

Its application in the manufacturing of candles enhances the texture and appearance of the candles.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate plays a role in the production of bath oils and bath bombs, contributing to a luxurious bathing experience.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is incorporated into deodorant formulations, improving the glide and feel during application.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is utilized in the production of pet care products, including grooming formulations for pets.

Its use in the creation of massage oils enhances the glide and moisturizing properties of the oils.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is found in anti-aging creams, contributing to the overall texture and efficacy of these formulations.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is used in the production of industrial lubricants, ensuring the smooth operation of machinery.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is present in paint formulations, contributing to the spreadability and finish of the paint.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate finds application in the formulation of leather treatments, improving the softness and conditioning of leather products.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is utilized in the production of hair dyes, improving the spreadability and application of the dye.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is found in the formulation of nail polishes, contributing to the smooth and even application of the polish.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is employed in the creation of cosmetic wipes, enhancing the effectiveness of these skincare products.
Its use in the production of industrial and household cleaners improves the spreadability and performance of these cleaning solutions.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is a common ingredient in facial serums, contributing to the delivery of active ingredients and promoting skin health.
Its inclusion in baby care products, such as baby oils and lotions, provides gentle and moisturizing properties for delicate baby skin.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is employed in the formulation of shaving creams and gels, ensuring a smooth and comfortable shaving experience.
In the production of hair serums, Isopropyl Oleate helps in enhancing the shine and manageability of the hair.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate finds application in the creation of cuticle oils, contributing to the nourishment and maintenance of healthy cuticles.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is used in sunless tanning products, aiding in the even application and absorption of tanning agents.

Its presence in massage creams and lotions enhances the gliding effect during massages and provides skin-conditioning benefits.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is utilized in the manufacturing of lip glosses, contributing to their smooth and glossy texture on the lips.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate plays a role in the formulation of intimate care products, including personal lubricants, due to its non-irritating properties.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is found in the production of perfumes, helping to disperse fragrance notes evenly on the skin.
Its use in eye makeup removers contributes to the effective and gentle removal of eye makeup products.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is present in the creation of dry shampoos, providing a non-greasy and refreshing option for hair cleansing.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate finds application in the formulation of hand sanitizers, counteracting the drying effects of alcohol on the skin.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is used in the production of solid perfumes, ensuring a smooth and easily applicable consistency.
Its inclusion in natural and organic deodorants enhances the glide and comfort during application.

Isopropyl Oleate is utilized in the creation of eyebrow pencils and pomades, aiding in the smooth application and blending of color.
In the production of tattoo inks, Isopropyl Oleate may contribute to improved pigment dispersion and application.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is found in the formulation of hair masks, providing nourishment and revitalization to the hair.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is present in the creation of natural and organic mascaras, contributing to a clump-free and conditioning formula.

Its use in foot creams and scrubs enhances the moisturizing and softening effects on rough and dry skin.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate finds application in the creation of acne treatment products, delivering active ingredients without causing excessive dryness.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is employed in the formulation of natural and organic foundations, improving the spreadability and blendability of pigments.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is used in the production of lip scrubs, aiding in exfoliation and smoothing of the lips.
Its presence in natural and organic night creams contributes to the skin-conditioning and rejuvenating effects.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is found in the formulation of makeup setting sprays, helping to set makeup without compromising its appearance.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is commonly used in the formulation of foundation primers, providing a smooth base for makeup application.
Its inclusion in natural and organic serums enhances the penetration of active ingredients for targeted skincare benefits.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is found in the production of natural and organic hair conditioners, improving hair texture and manageability.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate plays a role in the creation of cuticle conditioners, aiding in the maintenance of healthy and hydrated cuticles.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is used in the manufacturing of bath salts, contributing to the dispersion of fragrance and moisturizing effects.
Its presence in foot scrubs and exfoliating products enhances the removal of dead skin cells, leaving feet soft and rejuvenated.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is utilized in the formulation of hair styling creams, providing hold and definition without stiffness.
In the production of anti-aging serums, Isopropyl Oleate contributes to the luxurious feel and absorption of active ingredients.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is found in natural and organic body lotions, imparting a non-greasy finish while moisturizing the skin.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is used in the creation of bath oils, creating a soothing and moisturizing experience during baths.

Its inclusion in natural and organic blushes contributes to a seamless and blendable application on the cheeks.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate plays a role in the formulation of fragrance oils, aiding in the even diffusion of scents in various products.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is utilized in the production of natural and organic sunscreens, enhancing the spreadability and even coverage.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is found in the formulation of beard balms, providing conditioning benefits for facial hair and skin.
Its use in cuticle repair creams contributes to the healing and nourishment of damaged cuticles.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is employed in the creation of natural and organic hair mists, enhancing shine and manageability.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is present in natural and organic hand creams, providing quick absorption and long-lasting hydration.
In the formulation of natural and organic eye creams, Isopropyl Oleate contributes to smoother application and improved skin texture.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is used in the creation of lip gloss balms, combining hydration with a glossy finish.

Its presence in natural and organic body scrubs enhances the exfoliating and moisturizing effects on the skin.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate plays a role in the production of cuticle butter, offering intensive conditioning for nails and cuticles.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is found in natural and organic body washes, contributing to a luxurious lather and skin-conditioning properties.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is utilized in the formulation of natural and organic facial cleansers, aiding in the removal of impurities.
Its inclusion in natural and organic hair masks enhances the nourishing and revitalizing effects on the hair.
Isopropyl Oleate is found in the production of natural and organic lip serums, providing hydration and a smooth feel.



DESCRIPTION


Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate, a clear liquid, is an ester resulting from the combination of isopropyl alcohol and oleic acid.
With its smooth and non-greasy texture, Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate serves as an excellent emollient in cosmetic formulations.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate plays a key role as a skin-conditioning agent, contributing to the softness and hydration of the skin.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate exhibits a high spreadability factor, making it valuable in skincare products for its easy application and absorption.
Derived from renewable sources, it aligns with sustainable practices, serving as a biodegradable fatty ester.

Its compatibility with various ingredients allows for a wide range of applications in cosmetics and personal care products.
As a lubricant base fluid, Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate enhances the performance of formulations requiring smooth and efficient lubrication.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate acts as a viscosity modifier, influencing the thickness and flow characteristics of the products it is incorporated into.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate serves as a plasticizer for polymers, imparting flexibility and resilience to polymer-based formulations.
Suitable for both internal and external automotive applications, it finds utility in lubricating and conditioning automotive components.

Its presence in transportation, appliances, and electrical markets highlights its adaptability to diverse industrial applications.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate's incorporation in household products and consumer goods enhances the sensory experience of these products.

Recommended for packaging materials, Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate contributes to the overall performance and feel of packaging solutions.
Its application in pipes, hoses, and fittings emphasizes its role in ensuring smooth functionality and longevity in these components.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate's use in wiring and cables showcases its compatibility with materials commonly used in electrical applications.
In building and construction, it contributes to the effectiveness of formulations for various construction-related products.
The KOSHER and HALAL certifications validate its suitability for products adhering to specific dietary requirements.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate's role in Estol formulations underscores its use in specific product lines for diverse applications.
As a clear and colorless liquid, it maintains the aesthetic integrity of formulations in which it is included.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate is known for its stability over time, contributing to the longevity and quality of cosmetic and industrial products.

Its presence in skincare formulations enhances the overall moisturizing and conditioning effects on the skin.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate's biodegradability reflects a commitment to environmentally conscious practices in product development.
Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate's use in automotive applications extends to both internal components and external finishes.

Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate's versatility makes it a valuable ingredient in formulations targeting diverse industries and consumer needs.
Known for its ease of incorporation and effectiveness, Palmester 1412 Isopropyl Oleate continues to be a sought-after ingredient in the formulation of various cosmetic, industrial, and personal care products.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected area with plenty of soap and water.
If irritation or redness occurs, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

In case of contact with eyes, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, removing contact lenses if present.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.


Ingestion:

If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Rinse mouth with water and seek immediate medical attention.


Firefighting Measures:

Extinguishing Media:

Use fire-extinguishing media suitable for surrounding materials (e.g., water spray, foam, dry chemical).


Special Firefighting Procedures:

Wear appropriate protective equipment.
Evacuate the area if the fire is uncontrollable.


Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards:

No unusual fire or explosion hazards reported.


Accidental Release Measures:

Personal Precautions:

Wear appropriate protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapors or dust.
Provide adequate ventilation.


Environmental Precautions:

Prevent the substance from entering sewers, watercourses, or low areas.


Clean-Up Methods:

Absorb spilled material with an inert absorbent.
Collect in a suitable container for disposal.


Notes to Physicians:

Treat symptomatically based on individual reactions.
Provide supportive care as necessary.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Handling Procedures:
Follow good industrial hygiene practices during handling.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling and before eating, drinking, or smoking.

Protection Against Fire and Explosion:
Take measures to prevent the buildup of electrostatic charges.
Use explosion-proof equipment if applicable.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in areas where the product is handled or processed.
Use local exhaust ventilation if necessary to control airborne concentrations.

Protective Measures:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if exposure limits are exceeded.

Storage Compatibility:
Store away from incompatible materials and substances.
Check the SDS for specific information on substances to avoid.

Handling Precautions:
Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the product.
Avoid inhalation of vapors or dust.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and open flames.

Storage Temperature:
Store within a specified temperature range, as indicated in the SDS.

Storage Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.

Incompatible Materials:
Store away from incompatible materials, as listed in the SDS.

Specific End Uses:
Store the product in a manner consistent with its intended applications.

Control Measures:
Implement engineering controls to minimize exposure during storage.
Use secondary containment to prevent spills from reaching the environment.

Handling of Leaked or Spilled Material:
Clean up spills immediately, following appropriate safety measures.
Dispose of waste in accordance with local regulations.

Storage Stability:
Check the product's stability over time and adhere to expiration dates if applicable.

Palmester 1417 Ethylhexyl Oleate made from our oleic acid and designed for use in a wide variety of applications where the properties of a high quality ester are required.
Palmester 1417 Ethylhexyl Oleate is intended for uses where excellent color, stability and odor characteristics and natural origin are desired.
Palmester 1417 Ethylhexyl Oleate finds application in personal care formulations as an emollient or in lubricants as a friction modifier in engine oils or as a feed for further modification.

CAS: 26399-02-0
MF: C26H50O2
MW: 394.67
EINECS: 247-655-0

Synonyms
2-ethylhexyl oleate;9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 2-ethylhexyl ester;2-Ethylhexyloleat;2-Ethylhexyl 9-octadecenoate;(Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester;Oleic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester;2-Ethyl hexyl Oleate(2EHS);2-ethylhexyloctadec-9-enoate;2-Ethylhexyl oleate;26399-02-0;ethylhexyl oleate;9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 2-ethylhexyl ester;2-ETHYLHEXYL (9Z)-OCTADEC-9-ENOATE;2-ethylhexyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate;2-Ethylhexanol oleic acid ester;9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2-ethylhexyl ester;R34927QY59;UNII-R34927QY59;2-ethylhexyloleate;EINECS 247-655-0;SABODERM EO;SYMPATENS-EO;DUB OO;EC 247-655-0;AEC ETHYLHEXYL OLEATE;SCHEMBL333602;Oleic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester;ETHYLHEXYL OLEATE [INCI;DTXSID90893468;(+/-)-ETHYLHEXYL OLEATE;BBA39902;2-ETHYLHEXYL 2-OCTADECENOATE;ETHYLHEXYL OLEATE, (+/-)-;AKOS027322108;AS-66491;NS00004020;2-OCTADECENOIC ACID, 2-ETHYLHEXYL ESTER;Q27287724

Palmester 1417 Ethylhexyl Oleate has been used as a viscocity control agent in personal care for products with high fat or wax contents, and for some other uses in lubricants and cosmetics such as bath oils, hair preparations and creams.
Palmester 1417 Ethylhexyl Oleate is a branched mono-saturated fatty acid ester obtained from 2-ethylhexanol and oleic fatty acid, mainly from palm oil.
Clear liquid at room temperatures with a melting point around -20 ºC.
Cosmetic formulations: Skin conditioning, emollient
Industrial uses: washing & cleaning products manufacturer, lubricants and greases, adhesives and sealants, polishes and waxes, textile treatment products and dyes and polymers.

Palmester 1417 Ethylhexyl Oleate is a chemical compound that belongs to the group of fatty esters.
Palmester 1417 Ethylhexyl Oleate is a liquid that is chemically stable and has a low surface tension.
Palmester 1417 Ethylhexyl Oleate has been shown to be an effective magnetic particle for water permeability, with a spacing of 0.2 nm and a viscosity of 20 cP.
Palmester 1417 Ethylhexyl Oleate can also act as a homogeneous catalyst in chemical reactions, such as the inhibition constant for fatty acid hydrolysis and the surface methodology for polymers.

2-ethylhexyl oleate Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 465.8±24.0 °C(Predicted)
density: 0.867±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
LogP: 11.429 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 26399-02-0
EPA Substance Registry System: Palmester 1417 Ethylhexyl Oleate (26399-02-0)

Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate is a fatty acid ester that is the butyl ester of stearic acid.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate has a role as an algal metabolite.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate derives from an octadecanoic acid.

CAS: 123-95-5
MF: C22H44O2
MW: 340.58
EINECS: 204-666-5

Synonyms
OCTADECANOIC ACID BUTYL ESTER;ButylStearateForSynthesis;N-BUTYL PALMITATE/-STEARATE;butyl stearate, tech.;FEMA 2214;BUTYL STEARATE;Butyl stearate Stearic acid butyl ester;BUTYL OCTADECANOATE;BUTYL STEARATE;123-95-5;N-Butyl stearate;Butyl octadecanoate;Octadecanoic acid, butyl ester;Kesscoflex BS;n-Butyl octadecanoate;Stearic acid, butyl ester;Butyl octadecylate;Kessco BSC;Wickenol 122;Witcizer 200;Witcizer 201;Starfol BS-100;Emerest 2325;Tegester butyl stearate;RC plasticizer B-17;Uniflex BYS;Groco 5810;APEX 4;FEMA No. 2214;Batyl stearate;Stearic acid butyl ester;NSC 4820;6Y0AI5605C;NSC-4820;Stearic Acid n-Butyl Ester;68154-28-9;BS;Wilmar butyl stearate;FEMA Number 2214;HSDB 942;Estrex 1B 54, 1B 55;EINECS 204-666-5;BRN 1792866;n-butylstearate;UNII-6Y0AI5605C;AI3-00398;Kessco BS;Unimate BYS;Uniflex BYS-tech;Oleo-Coll LP;C22H44O2;EINECS 268-908-1;Kemester 5510;Priolube 1451;Witconol 2326;Butyl stearate (NF);Radia 7051;Butyl stearate, ~99%;ADK STAB LS-8;Stearic acid-n-butyl ester;BUTYL STEARATE [II];BUTYL STEARATE [MI];SCHEMBL28437;BUTYL STEARATE [FCC];BUTYL STEARATE [FHFI];BUTYL STEARATE [INCI];BUTYL STEARATE [USP-RS];DTXSID5027013;N-BUTYL STEARATE [HSDB];CHEBI:85983;FEMA 2214;NSC4820;Butyl stearate, analytical standard;LMFA07010795;MFCD00026669;AKOS015901590;BS-14737;Butyl stearate, technical, 40-60% (GC);FT-0631720;NS00006400;S0077;D10681;D70203;J-005011;W-204214;Q10442124;Butyl stearate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate is a fatty acid ester, which has application in cosmetics, personal care products, and as an emollient in food industries.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate is composed of n-butyl stearate.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate can be used as a lubricant base fluid.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate is a fatty ester derived from renewable vegetable oils.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate acts as a lubricant, viscosity modifier, plasticizer for polymer.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate is a biodegradable grade.
Used in internal & external automotive, transportation, appliances, electrical market, household products and consumer goods.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate is also suitable for packaging, pipe, hoses & fittings, wiring & cables, building and construction.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate is KOSHER and HALAL certified.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate is a fatty acid ester that is the butyl ester of stearic acid.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate has a role as an algal metabolite.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate is functionally related to an octadecanoic acid.

Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 17-22 °C
Boiling point: 220°C (25 mmHg)
Density: 0.861 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.443
FEMA: 2214 | BUTYL STEARATE
Fp: 25 °C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.856
Color: White or Colorless to Light yellow
Odor: at 100.00 %. mild fatty oily
Odor Type: fatty
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water. Miscible with ethanol and acetone
FreezingPoint: 25.0 to 27.0 ℃
JECFA Number: 184
Merck: 14,1589
BRN: 1792866
Exposure limits: ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3; TWA 3 mg/m3
Dielectric constant: 3.1（30℃）
LogP: 9.70
CAS DataBase Reference: 123-95-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate 123-95-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate (123-95-5)

Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate is a colorless or pale yellow oily liquid or low melting waxy solid.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate has no odor or a faintly fatty odor.
soluble in acetone, chloroform, soluble in ethanol, insoluble in water.

Uses
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate is used as finishing agents, lubricants and lubricant additives.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate is also used as a plasticizer, food packaging material and as a dye solvent.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate acts as a reactant and involved in the preparation of octadecanoic acid methyl ester by reacting with methanol.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate finds application as a binder in cosmetics like soaps, shampoos and shaving creams, skin conditioners and surfactants for cosmetic formulations.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate is a stearic acid used in very small quantities in cosmetic preparations as an emulsifier for creams and lotions.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate has been shown to cause allergic reactions.

Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate is an internal lubricant for a variety of resin processing, non-toxic, waterproof and good thermal stability.
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate can also be used as a lubricant for fabrics, waterproofing agents, additives for lubricants, and base materials for cosmetics.
Suitable for PVC transparent products and pipes, used as internal lubricant for resin processing.

Preparation
Palmester 1451 n-Butyl Stearate is obtained by esterification of stearic acid and butanol, dealcoholization, washing with water and pressure filtration.
By reacting silver state with n-butyl iodide at 100°C by transesterification of glyceryl tristearate (tristearin) with n-butyl alcohol.

Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is odorless when pure.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate may be synthesized by conventional esterification of isopropanol with myristic acid.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is a fatty acid ester.

CAS: 110-27-0
MF: C17H34O2
MW: 270.45
EINECS: 203-751-4

Synonyms
Isopropyl Myristate, 96% 25GR;IPM 100;IPM-EX;IPM-R;Radia 7730 (IPM);Isopropyl myristate Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%;MYRISTIC ACID ISOPROPYL ESTER MINIMU;ISO-PROPYL N-TETRADECANOATE;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE;110-27-0;Isopropyl tetradecanoate;Estergel;Isomyst;Tetradecanoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester;Bisomel;Promyr;Deltyl Extra;Kesscomir;Tegester;Sinnoester MIP;Crodamol IPM;Plymoutm IPM;Starfol IPM;Unimate IPM;Kessco IPM;Stepan D-50;Emcol-IM;Wickenol 101;Emerest 2314;propan-2-yl tetradecanoate;1-Methylethyl tetradecanoate;Deltylextra;Myristic acid isopropyl ester;JA-FA IPM;Crodamol I.P.M.;Kessco isopropyl myristate;FEMA No. 3556;Tetradecanoic acid, isopropyl;Myristic acid, isopropyl ester;Tetradecanoic acid, isopropyl ester;Caswell No. 511E;HSDB 626;NSC 406280;Isopropyl myristate [USAN];1-Tridecanecarboxylic acid, isopropyl ester;UNII-0RE8K4LNJS;0RE8K4LNJS;EINECS 203-751-4;Estergel (TN);EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000207;NSC-406280;BRN 1781127;methylethyl tetradecanoate;MFCD00008982;iso-Propyl N-tetradecanoate;DTXSID0026838;CHEBI:90027;EC 203-751-4;Tetradecanoic acid methyethyl ester;1405-98-7;NCGC00164071-01;WE(2:0(1Me)/14:0);MYRISTIC ACID, ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL ESTER;Isopropyl myristate, 98%;TETRADECONOIC ACID, 1-METHYLETHYL ESTER;DTXCID306838;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE (II);ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [II];ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE (MART.);ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [MART.];ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE (USP-RS);ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [USP-RS];CAS-110-27-0;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE (EP MONOGRAPH);ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [EP MONOGRAPH];IPM-EX;IPM-R;tetradecanoic acid 1-methylethyl ester;Deltyextra;Tegosoft M;Isopropyl myristate [USAN:NF];Liponate IPM;Crodamol 1PM;IPM 100;isopropyl-myristate;Lexol IPM;Isopropyltetradecanoate;Radia 7190;Isopropyl myristate (NF);Isopropyl tetradecanoic acid;SCHEMBL2442;Myristic acid-isopropyl ester;Isopropyl myristate, >=98%;CHEMBL207602;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [MI];WLN: 13VOY1&1;FEMA 3556;tetradecanoic acid isopropyl ester;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [FHFI];ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [HSDB];ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [INCI];ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [VANDF];Isopropyl myristate, >=90% (GC);Tox21_112080;Tox21_202065;Tox21_303171;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [WHO-DD];LMFA07010677;NSC406280;s2428;AKOS015902296;Tox21_112080_1;DB13966;USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 000207;NCGC00164071-02;NCGC00164071-03;NCGC00256937-01;NCGC00259614-01;LS-14615;HY-124190;CS-0085813;FT-0629053;M0481;NS00006471;D02296;F71211;Isopropyl myristate; 1-Methylethyl tetradecanoate;EN300-25299830;Q416222;SR-01000944751;Isopropyl myristate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%;Q-201418;SR-01000944751-1;Isopropyl myristate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard;TETRADECANOIC ACID,ISOPROPYL ESTER (MYRISTATE,ISOPROPYL ESTER);Isopropyl myristate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material;InChI=1/C17H34O2/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-17(18)19-16(2)3/h16H,4-15H2,1-3H

Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is an ester of isopropyl alcohol myristic acid.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is mainly used as a solubilizer, emulsifier and emollient in cosmetic and topical medicines.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate also finds applications as a flavoring agent in the food industry.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate medical preparations to ameliorate the skin absorption.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate has been largely studied and impulsed as a skin penetration enhancer.
At the moment the primary usage for which Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is formally indicated is as the active ingredient in a non-prescription pediculicide rinse.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is the ester of isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid.

Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used to treat inflammatory conditions.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate can be found in cosmetics, toiletries, and skin care products.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate has been shown to inhibit the production of water vapor from skin cells and the development of allergic symptoms in vitro.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate also has a role in preventing water loss from the skin by acting as a barrier to water vapor.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is also able to inhibit autoimmune diseases by inhibiting hiv infection in a model system.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate has been shown to have antifungal properties and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.
Isopropyl myrist
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is colorless or light yellow oily liquid,can be dissolved with organic solvents,insoluble in water.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is the ester of isopropanol and myristic acid.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is one of the important additives of top grade cosmetics, and it owns excellent performance of infiltration, moistening and softening to skin, so it can be used as emulsifier and wetting agent of cosmetics.

Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate Chemical Properties
Melting point: ~3 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 193 °C/20 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.85 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: Vefractive index: n20/D 1.434(lit.)
FEMA: 3556 | ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: <0.05mg/l
Form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.855 (20/4℃)
Color: Clear
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: Miscible with alcohol. Immiscible with water and glycerol.
Merck: 14,5215
JECFA Number: 311
BRN: 1781127
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: AXISYYRBXTVTFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 7.71
CAS DataBase Reference: 110-27-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate (110-27-0)
EPA Substance Registry System: Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate (110-27-0)

Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is a colorless and odorless liquid with a faint odor, and miscible with vegetable oil.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is not easy to be either hydrolyzed or become rancid.
The refractive index nD20 is 1.435~1.438, and the relative density (20°C) is 0.85~0.86.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is used in many applications, including pharma, food and personal care product manufacturing.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is virtually odorless, very slightly fatty, but not rancid
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is a clear, colorless, practically odorless liquid of low viscosity that congeals at about 5°C.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate consists of esters of propan-2-ol and saturated high molecular weight fatty acids, principally myristic acid.

Content Analysis
Weight 1.5 g sample. Then Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is determined by the method ester assay (OT-18).
The equivalent factor (e) in the calculation is 135.2.
Or Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is determined by a non-polar column method of gas chromatography (GT-10-4).

Uses
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is a fatty acid ester which is used as solvent in water-in-oil emulsion, oils and fatty based ointments.
The use of Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is recommended in the Sterility Test chapter of the European, Japanese and United States Pharmacopoeia (EP, 2.6.13, JP, 4.06 and USP, 71) as diluent for oils and oily solutions, as well as for ointments and creams.
Indeed, its solvent properties improve the filterability of these samples.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is known as a penetration enhancer for topical preparations.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is a waterclear, low viscous oily liquid with a very good spreading capacity on the skin.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is mainly used in cosmetics as an oilcomponent for emulsions, bath oils and as a solvent for active substances.

Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is an emollient in cosmetic and pharmaceutical bases.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is an emollient, moisturizer, binder, and skin softener that also assists in product penetration.
An ester of myristic acid, Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is naturally occurring in coconut oil and nutmeg.
Although Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is generally considered comedogenic, some ingredient manufacturers clearly specify non-comedogenicity on their data sheets.
In cosmetic and topical medicinal Preparations where good absorption through the skin is desired. A jellied Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate was marketed as Estergel.

Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is a polar emollient and is used in cosmetic and topical pharmaceutical preparations where skin absorption is desired.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is also used as a treatment for head lice.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is also in flea and tick killing products for pets.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is used to remove bacteria from the oral cavity as the non-aqueous component of the two-phase mouthwash product "Dentyl pH".
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is also used as a solvent in perfume materials, and in the removal process of prosthetic make-up.
Hydrolysis of the ester from Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate can liberate the acid and the alcohol.
The acid is theorized to be responsible for decreasing of the pH value of formulations.

Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is used in cosmetic and topical medicinal preparations where good absorption through the skin is desired.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is also used as a pesticide-free treatment against head lice which works by dissolving the wax that covers the exoskeleton of head lice, killing them by dehydration.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is used as a solvent in perfume materials.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is the non-aqueous component of the two-phase mouthwash, Dentyl pH, where it removes bacteria from the oral cavity.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is also used in the removal process of prosthetic make-up.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is also used in flea and tick products for pets.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is a nongreasy emollient that is absorbed readily by the skin.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is used as a component of semisolid bases and as a solvent for many substances applied topically.
Applications in topical pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations include bath oils; make-up; hair and nail care products; creams; lotions; lip products; shaving products; skin lubricants; deodorants; otic suspensions; and vaginal creams.
For example, isopropyl myristate is a self-emulsifying component of a proposed cold cream formula, which is suitable for use as a vehicle for drugs or dermatological actives; Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is also used cosmetically in stable mixtures of water and glycerol.

Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is used as a penetration enhancer for transdermal formulations, and has been used in conjunction with therapeutic ultrasound and iontophoresis.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate has been used in a water-oil gel prolonged-release emulsion and in various microemulsions.
Such microemulsions may increase bioavailability in topical and transdermal applications.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate has also been used in microspheres, and significantly increased the release of drug from etoposide-loaded microspheres.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is used in soft adhesives for pressuresensitive adhesive tapes.

Pharmacology
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is used in pharmaceutical preparations because it improves solubility and increases absorption through the skin.
External uses include a non-irritating iodine preparation for disinfecting the skin and aerosol bactericidal preparations for feminine hygiene use without irritation of the skin and mucous membranes.
Preparations for internal use include oral steroid formulations and anaesthetic injection solutions.
Veterinary medications containing Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate include oral or parenteral compositions for lungworm infections and a spray formulation for bovine udders to treat mastitis, combat infection and improve the general skin condition.

Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate has been found to be an effective repository vehicle for im injection of penicillin in rabbits and for sc administration of oestrogens in ovariectomized rats.
In assays on human forearms, vasoconstrictor activity of ointment preparations containing 0025% betamethasone 17-benzoate in white soft paraffin was increased by the presence of isopropyl myristate.
Donovan, Ohmart & Stoklosa noted that the good solvent properties of isopropyl myristate might increase the therapeutic activity of formulations by the apparent alteration in particle size of the active ingredients, so that further evaluation and clinical study would be necessary before its use in extemporaneous compounding could be recommended.
Studies in which the antifungal activity of paraben esters solubilized by surfactants was decreased by Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate indicate that the effectiveness of medicinal substances may be influenced by the presence of surfactants and oily ingredients such as Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate.

Production Method
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is a product of esterification of myristic acid derived from re-steamed coconut coil with isopropyl alcohol.
(1) 200 kg myristic acid and 450 kg isopropyl alcohol were added into the reaction vessel in turn. After mixing, 360 kg sulfuric acid (98%) was added.
The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 10 hours.
Isopropyl alcohol was then recovered, washed with ice water, and neutralized with Na2CO3 aqueous solution (10%).
Under normal pressure, isopropyl alcohol and water were distilled.
While under reduced pressure, Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate was distilled (185°C/1.0kPa~195°C/2.7kPa).

(2) 90 kg isopropyl alcohol was added into the reaction vessel and then sulfuric acid as catalyst, with 5% of the total amount, was added.
During mixing, 228 kg myristic acid was added slowly.
The mixture was heated to reflux and water was continuously separated.
Until no water was separated, the reaction temperature was reduced and probe was obtained to measure the acid value.
When the acid value reached 1.5 mg KOH/g, the reaction was completed.
Alkali was then added for neutralization.
After the removal of water under reduced pressure, the pressure was further reduced for dealcoholization until the acid value was 0.05~1.0 mg KOH/g.
The final product is then Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate.

Production Methods
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate may be prepared either by the esterification of myristic acid with propan-2-ol or by the reaction of myristoyl chloride and propan-2-ol with the aid of a suitable dehydrochlorinating agent.
A high-purity material is also commercially available, produced by enzymatic esterification at low temperature.

Biochem/physiol Actions
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is used to change the physicochemical characteristics of microsheres such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres.
Palmester 1512 Isopropyl Myristate is used as a oil phase component in the formulaton of microemulsion systems.

Side effects
Thrapecylate myristate is a medicine used to treat head lice infestations in adults and children 4 years of age and older.
Common side effects include skin irritation, rash, and contact dermatitis.

Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is a fatty acid ester obtained by the formal condensation of carboxy group of palmitic acid with propan-2-ol.
Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate has a role as a human metabolite.

CAS: 142-91-6
MF: C19H38O2
MW: 298.5
EINECS: 205-571-1

Synonyms
kesscoipp;kesscoisopropylpalmitate;Lexol IPP;Liponate IPP;nikkolipp;Palmitic acid esters;Plymouth ipp;plymouthipp;ISOPROPYL PALMITATE;142-91-6;Isopropyl hexadecanoate;Hexadecanoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester;Isopalm;Wickenol 111;Deltyl;Isopal;Propal;Deltyl prime;Emerest 2316;Tegester isopalm;Ja-fa ippkessco;Sinnoester PIT;Crodamol IPP;Plymouth IPP;Starfol IPP;Unimate IPP;Kessco IPP;Emcol-IP;Isopropyl n-hexadecanoate;Nikkol IPP;Stepan D-70;Palmitic acid, isopropyl ester;Estol 103;Usaf ke-5;JA-FA Ipp;1-Methylethyl hexadecanoate;Kessco isopropyl palmitate;Hexadecanoic acid,isopropyl ester;Hariol ipp;propan-2-yl hexadecanoate;Palmitic Acid Isopropyl Ester;NSC 69169;Estol 1517;HSDB 2647;Tegosoft P;Liponate IPP;UNII-8CRQ2TH63M;EINECS 205-571-1;Lexol IPP;8CRQ2TH63M;NSC-69169;BRN 1786567;CHEBI:84262;2-propyl hexadecanoate;AI3-05733;Isopropyl palmitate (NF);Isopropyl palmitate [NF];MFCD00008993;DTXSID9027104;EC 205-571-1;4-02-00-01167 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);Isopropyl ester of hexadecanoic acid;NCGC00164128-01;WE(2:0(1Me)/16:0);DTXCID507104;ISOPROPYL PALMITATE (II);ISOPROPYL PALMITATE [II];ISOPROPYL PALMITATE (MART.);ISOPROPYL PALMITATE [MART.];ISOPROPYL PALMITATE (USP-RS);ISOPROPYL PALMITATE [USP-RS];ISOPROPYL PALMITATE (EP IMPURITY);ISOPROPYL PALMITATE [EP IMPURITY];CAS-142-91-6;ISOPROPYL PALMITATE (EP MONOGRAPH);ISOPROPYL PALMITATE [EP MONOGRAPH];iso-propylpalmitate;isopropyl-palmitate;Hexadecanoic acid 1-methylethyl ester;Radia 7200;1-methylethyl hexandecanoate;SCHEMBL7743;Palmitic acid-isopropyl ester;Isopropyl palmitate, >=90%;CHEMBL139055;Hexadecanoic acid isopropyl ester;Hexadecanoic acid, 1-methyl ester;ISOPROPYL PALMITATE [HSDB];ISOPROPYL PALMITATE [INCI];WLN: 15VOY1 & 1;ISOPROPYL PALMITATE [VANDF];NSC69169;Tox21_112085;Tox21_202558;ISOPROPYL PALMITATE [WHO-DD];LMFA07010675;AKOS015902011;Tox21_112085_1;CS-W012142;HY-W011426;NCGC00164128-02;NCGC00260107-01;BS-15396;Hexadecanoic acidisopropyl n-hexadecanoate;Isopropyl palmitate, technical grade, 90%;FT-0631830;NS00009869;P0005;1-Methylethyl ester1-methylethyl hexandecanoate;D04632;A885074;SR-01000944752;J-007718;Q2631777;SR-01000944752-1;Isopropyl hexadecanoate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard;Isopropyl palmitate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard;Isopropyl palmitate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is a fatty acid ester and an isopropyl ester.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is an analog of isopropyl myristate and an aliphatic ester used as a flavoring ingredient in food industry.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is one of the volatile compounds found in Psidium salutare fruits and boiled buckwheat flour.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is a fatty acid ester obtained by the formal condensation of carboxy group of palmitic acid with propan-2-ol.
Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate has a role as a human metabolite.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is a fatty acid ester and an isopropyl ester.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is a reactive lipid that is used as a co-solvent in wastewater treatment.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is also used to make dimethyl fumarate, an active ingredient for the treatment of alopecia areata.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate has been shown to be a good reactant in the kinetic study of particle formation.

The reaction mechanism of this lipid is not well understood, but Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate has been shown to have clinical relevance and clinical properties in vivo.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is the ester of isopropyl alcohol and palmitic acid.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is an emollient, moisturizer, thickening agent, and anti-static agent.
The chemical formula is CH3(CH2)14COOCH(CH3)2.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is a texture enhancer and emollient as used in cosmetics.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate can potentially be problematic for those with oily skin, depending on the amount in the product and your skin’s response.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate may be synthetic or derived from plant and animal sources.

Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 11-13 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 160°C 2mm
Density: 0.852 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.007Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.438(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: <0.001g/l
Color: Colourless
Odor: very sl. odor
Water Solubility: Not miscible or difficult to mix with water.
BRN: 1786567
InChIKey: XUGNVMKQXJXZCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.16
CAS DataBase Reference: 142-91-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate(142-91-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate (142-91-6)

Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is a clear, colorless to pale yellow-colored, practically odorless viscous liquid that solidifies at less than 16°C.

Uses
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is an emollient and moisturizer, it also acts as a binder and solvent.
Similar to isopropyl myristate, Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is produced from the combination of palmitic acid (coconut or palm oil) and isopropyl alcohol.
Enzymes are able to metabolize this ingredient and studies do not show allergic reactions or toxicity.
Some sources indicate comedogenicity potential.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is used to formulate and evaluate the suitability of pluronic lecithin organogels containing flurbiprofen for topical application and to characterize microemulsion systems of isopropyl palmitate, water and 2:1 Brij 97, and 1-butanol by different experimental techniques.

Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is an analogue of isopropyl myristate and a volatile aliphatic ester used in the food industry as a flavoring agent.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is also used as a lubricant in the textile industry.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is also used in cosmetics as an antistatic agent, binding agent, emollient, solvent and skin care agent.
At higher concentrations a comedogenic effect is possible.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is a nongreasy emollient with good spreading characteristics, used in topical pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetics such as: bath oils; creams; lotions; make-up; hair care products; deodorants; lip products; suntan preparations; and pressed powders.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is an established penetration enhancer for transdermal systems.
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate has also been used in controlled-release percutaneous films.
Table I: Uses of isopropyl palmitate

Production Methods
Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is prepared by the reaction of palmitic acid with propan-2-ol in the presence of an acid catalyst.
A high-purity material is also commercially available, which is produced by enzymatic esterification at low temperatures.

Side effects
Side effects for the skin: If overused, Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate may cause acne, blackheads, whiteheads, and clogged pores.
Depending on the content of the ingredients in the product, the skin may experience some irritation.
If Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate is used without dilution, it may cause comedoles.
People with oily skin should also avoid isopropyl palmitate.
Side effects for hair: Excessive use of products containing Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate on hair can make hair look untidy, oily, and untidy due to excessive moisture in the hair.
When there is an open wound on the scalp, Palmester 1517 Isopropyl Palmitate should also be avoided.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate, also known as EHP, is a synthetic ester derived from renewable vegetable oils.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate serves as an emollient and fragrance enhancer in cosmetic formulations.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a colorless and odorless compound, meeting stringent standards for fragrance use.

CAS Number: 29806-73-3
EC Number: 249-862-1

Octyl Palmitate, EHP, Octyl Hexyl Ester, 2-Ethylhexyl Palmitate, Octyl Palmitate Ester, Palmester 1543, Hexyl Ester of Palmitic Acid, Ethylhexyl Ester of Palmitic Acid, Octyl Hexyl Palmitate, Ethylhexyl Palmitate Ester, Octyl Hexyl Palmitate Ester, Palmester 1543 EHP, Octyl Ester of Hexyl Palmitate, Ethylhexyl Ester Hexyl Palmitate, Palmitic Acid Ethylhexyl Ester, Octyl Palmitate Compound, Hexyl Ester of Ethylhexyl Palmitate, Octyl Palmitate Derivative, Ester of Ethylhexyl Palmitate, Ethylhexyl Palmitate Octyl Ester, Hexyl Palmitate Ethylhexyl Ester, Octyl Palmitate Hexyl Ester, Ethylhexyl Palmitate Palmester 1543, Palmitate 1543 Ester, Hexyl Ester of Octyl Palmitate, Ethylhexyl Ester of Octyl Palmitate, Octyl Ester of Ethylhexyl Palmitate, Palmitic Acid Hexyl Ester, EHP Palmester 1543, Octyl Palmitate Hexyl Ester Compound, Ethylhexyl Ester Octyl Palmitate, Palmester 1543 Octyl Palmitate, Octyl Ester of Palmitic Acid, Octyl Palmitate Ethylhexyl Ester, Hexyl Ester of Octyl Palmitate, Ethylhexyl Palmitate Hexyl Ester, Palmitate 1543 Octyl Hexyl Ester, Octyl Hexyl Ester of Ethylhexyl Palmitate, Octyl Palmitate Hexyl Ester Derivative, Ethylhexyl Ester of Hexyl Palmitate, Palmester 1543 Octyl Ester, Hexyl Palmitate Octyl Ester Compound, Octyl Palmitate Hexyl Ester Derivative, Ethylhexyl Palmitate Octyl Hexyl Ester, Octyl Ester of Hexyl Palmitate, Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate Ester, Hexyl Palmitate Octyl Ester Compound, Octyl Palmitate Hexyl Ester Palmester 1543, Ethylhexyl Palmitate Octyl Ester Compound, Hexyl Ester of Octyl Palmitate Ethylhexyl, Octyl Palmitate Hexyl Ester Ethylhexyl, Palmester 1543 Octyl Palmitate Hexyl Ester, Octyl Ester of Ethylhexyl Palmitate, Hexyl Palmitate Ethylhexyl Ester Compound, Octyl Palmitate Ethylhexyl Ester Palmester 1543, Hexyl Ester of Octyl Palmitate Ethylhexyl, Octyl Palmitate Hexyl Ester Ethylhexyl, Palmester 1543 Octyl Ester Hexyl Palmitate.



APPLICATIONS


Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is commonly used as an emollient in various skincare products.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a key ingredient in night creams, providing moisturization and improving skin texture.

Hand creams often incorporate Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate for its skin-conditioning properties.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is found in cleansing lotions, contributing to a smooth and gentle cleansing experience.

Baby creams utilize Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate for its emollient nature, suitable for delicate skin.
Massage lotions benefit from its glide-enhancing characteristics, making the application smoother.
Skincare formulations such as lotions and creams often feature Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate for a luxurious feel.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is included in cosmetic products to enhance fragrance and olfactory experiences.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate serves as a replacement for mineral oil in skincare formulations.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in formulations where the stability and keeping qualities of the product are crucial.
Cosmetic products designed for sensitive skin may include Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate for its gentle nature.
Sunscreen formulations may use this compound to improve the spreadability and skin-feel.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is incorporated into makeup products like foundations for a smoother application.

Anti-aging creams often contain Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate to help moisturize and condition mature skin.
Lip balms may include Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate to provide a soft and moisturizing texture.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in body lotions and creams to impart a silky and non-greasy feel on the skin.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a versatile ingredient in formulations for dry and chapped skin.
Hair care products, such as leave-in conditioners, may utilize this compound for its conditioning properties.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is suitable for use in various cosmetic care products due to its broad applications.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is found in skincare products targeting specific skin concerns, like hydration.
Cosmetics designed for a relaxing experience, such as massage creams, may contain this ester.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is employed in formulations where a lightweight and easily spreadable texture is desired.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate can be part of the ingredients in moisturizing body washes and shower gels.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in formulations where the focus is on providing a pleasant sensory experience.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate's versatility makes it a valuable ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic and personal care applications.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is commonly included in formulations for facial moisturizers to provide a lightweight and non-greasy feel.
Its compatibility with various active ingredients makes it a versatile component in anti-acne creams and treatments.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is often present in sunscreen lotions, contributing to an even application and improved skin feel.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is utilized in foundation formulations to create a smooth and blendable texture.
Eye creams may incorporate Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate for its emollient properties to hydrate the delicate skin around the eyes.

BB creams and tinted moisturizers may contain this ester for its ability to enhance product spreadability.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is added to makeup primers to create a smooth canvas for subsequent makeup application.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate finds application in lip glosses and lipsticks to provide a creamy and moisturizing consistency.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in hand sanitizers and antibacterial gels to improve the texture of the product on the skin.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is included in cuticle creams and nail care products for its skin-conditioning effects.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a common ingredient in after-shave lotions, offering soothing and moisturizing properties.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is found in foot creams to help soften and hydrate dry and rough skin.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in formulations for body scrubs and exfoliating products to enhance the overall skin-feel.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate contributes to the luxurious texture of body oils and massage oils.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is often present in sunless tanning products for its skin-conditioning benefits.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is utilized in deodorant formulations to improve the glide and spreadability.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate can be found in depilatory creams to enhance the smoothness of the product during application.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in shaving creams and foams to provide a lubricating and moisturizing effect.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is present in cosmetic wipes and towelettes for its emollient and skin-conditioning properties.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate may be incorporated into dry shampoo formulations for its hair-conditioning benefits.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a common ingredient in body powders, contributing to a silky and soft texture.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in skincare serums and treatments to enhance the overall product experience.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate finds application in cosmetic formulations designed for sensitive or reactive skin.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is included in cosmetic products for men, such as beard oils and grooming products.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate can be part of the formulation for bath oils and bath bombs, providing a luxurious bathing experience.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is often included in body lotions and creams to impart a soft and velvety feel to the skin.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in facial cleansers and makeup removers to enhance the effectiveness of the product while maintaining a pleasant texture.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is employed in hand serums and treatments to nourish and hydrate the skin, especially targeting dry cuticles.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is found in pre-makeup primers, helping create a smooth base for foundation application.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is utilized in cosmetic formulations for individuals with oily or acne-prone skin due to its lightweight nature.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is included in exfoliating scrubs, aiding in the removal of dead skin cells while providing a silky feel.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is commonly added to tinted moisturizers to improve the spreadability of pigments on the skin.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in intimate care products, such as personal lubricants, for its skin-friendly and emollient properties.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is found in cuticle oils to soften and moisturize the cuticle area, promoting healthy nails.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate may be present in bath foams and shower gels, contributing to a luxurious bathing experience.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is included in under-eye creams and serums to provide a smooth application and enhance hydration.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is employed in cosmetic stick formulations, like solid perfumes, for its solidifying and skin-conditioning qualities.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is utilized in body mists and sprays to enhance the even distribution of fragrance on the skin.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is commonly found in cosmetic formulations targeting specific skin concerns, such as dry patches or rough areas.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is present in foot sprays and powders to improve the application and comfort of the product.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in cuticle balms and treatments to soften and moisturize the skin around the nails.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate can be found in cosmetic products designed for use during and after pregnancy to address skin changes.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is included in facial masks, contributing to the product's texture and skin-conditioning properties.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is employed in cosmetic formulations for men's grooming products, such as beard balms and beard oils.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate may be added to deodorant creams for its skin-friendly and emollient effects.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is utilized in lip care products, including lip balms and treatments, for its moisturizing and smoothing properties.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is found in cosmetic formulations for mature skin, providing anti-aging benefits and hydration.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is commonly included in cosmetic formulations for individuals with sensitive or reactive skin.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in sun care products beyond sunscreen formulations, contributing to the overall skin feel.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is present in facial serums and treatments, enhancing the spreadability and absorption of active ingredients.



DESCRIPTION


Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate, also known as EHP, is a synthetic ester derived from renewable vegetable oils.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate serves as an emollient and fragrance enhancer in cosmetic formulations.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a colorless and odorless compound, meeting stringent standards for fragrance use.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate exhibits excellent keeping qualities, making it a desirable ingredient in skincare products.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is readily biodegradable, contributing to environmentally friendly formulations.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a GMO-free alternative, emphasizing its commitment to natural and sustainable sourcing.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is produced to high standards, ensuring consistency in both color and odor for cosmetic applications.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a safe and effective replacement for mineral oil in various skincare formulations.

BSE/TSE-free certification assures consumers that it is free from transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.
Its versatility allows for use in a variety of cosmetic care products, including night creams and hand creams.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a popular choice in cleansing lotions, offering a smooth and luxurious feel on the skin.

Baby creams often incorporate Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate for its gentle and emollient properties.
Massage lotions benefit from its skin-conditioning characteristics, enhancing the overall sensory experience.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is HALAL certified, meeting dietary requirements for specific consumers.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate holds KOSHER certification, appealing to those who adhere to kosher dietary practices.
As an emollient, it helps improve the texture of cosmetic products, leaving the skin soft and smooth.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate's use of renewable vegetable oils aligns with the growing demand for sustainable ingredients.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is known for its lightweight and non-greasy texture, making it suitable for various formulations.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a compound carefully crafted for fragrance use, enhancing the olfactory experience of cosmetic products.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate's compatibility with the skin makes it a favored ingredient in night creams for its moisturizing effects.

Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a crucial component in formulations where keeping qualities and stability are paramount.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate's biodegradability underscores its commitment to environmentally conscious cosmetic production.
Cosmetic products containing Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate are formulated to meet high standards for quality and safety.

The absence of genetically modified organisms ensures a cleaner and more natural cosmetic ingredient.
Palmester 1543 Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a versatile and reliable choice for formulators seeking an effective and sustainable emollient.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Structure: Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a fatty acid ester with the chemical formula C26H52O2.
Type: Synthetic ester.
Source: Derived from renewable vegetable oils.
Appearance: Typically a colorless liquid.
Odor: Odorless or has a mild, characteristic odor.
Texture: Emollient with a smooth and silky texture.
Function: Acts as an emollient, providing a soft and smooth feel to the skin.
Fragrance Enhancer: Used to enhance the fragrance in cosmetic formulations.
Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable, indicating environmentally friendly characteristics.
Boiling Point: 398.93°C
Melting Point: 2°C
Solubility: Soluble in chloroform and hexanes



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the person to fresh air.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected area with plenty of water and mild soap.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Rinse eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, holding eyelids open.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Rinse mouth with water if the person is conscious.
Seek medical attention.


General Advice:

In all cases, if symptoms persist or if there is uncertainty about the severity of exposure, seek medical attention promptly.
Provide the medical personnel with information about the specific chemical involved.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


General Handling Guidelines:

Personal Protection:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing.
Follow workplace safety guidelines and practices.

Ventilation:
Use the product in well-ventilated areas or under local exhaust ventilation.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of vapors or mists.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Preventive Measures:
Implement good industrial hygiene practices.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the substance.

Spill and Leak Response:
Implement spill control measures to contain and clean up spills promptly.
Use appropriate absorbent materials.
Dispose of waste in accordance with local regulations.


General Storage Guidelines:

Storage Conditions:
Store Ethylhexyl Palmitate in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep away from incompatible materials (as specified in the SDS).
Store away from direct sunlight.

Temperature Control:
Store at temperatures specified by the manufacturer.
Avoid extreme temperatures.

Container Integrity:
Ensure containers are tightly closed and properly labeled.
Check containers regularly for leaks or damage.

Segregation:
Store away from incompatible materials, as indicated in the SDS.

Specific Storage Requirements:
Follow any specific storage requirements outlined in the SDS.

Handling Cautions:
Follow proper lifting and handling procedures to prevent injuries.

Fire Prevention:
Keep away from ignition sources.
Store away from flammable materials.

Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate is a versatile cosmetic ingredient known for its emollient properties.
Derived from renewable vegetable oils, it aligns with a sustainable and eco-friendly approach.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate has a smooth, silky texture that contributes to the luxurious feel of cosmetic products.

CAS Number: 22047-49-0
EC Number: 244-754-0

Ethylhexyl Stearate, Palmester 1545, Stearyl Ethylhexyl Ester, Ethylhexyl Stearate Palmester 1545, Stearyl Ester of Ethylhexyl Stearate, Ester of Ethylhexyl Stearate, Stearyl Ethylhexyl Stearate, Ethylhexyl Ester of Stearyl Stearate, Palmester 1545 Stearyl Ester, Stearyl Ester of Palmester 1545, Ethylhexyl Stearate 1545, Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Ester, Stearyl Ester 1545, Ester of Palmester 1545, Stearyl Ester of Ethylhexyl Stearate 1545, Ethylhexyl Stearate Ester, Stearyl Ethylhexyl Ester 1545, Palmester 1545 Stearyl Ethylhexyl Ester, Stearyl Stearate Ethylhexyl Ester, Ethylhexyl Stearate Palmester 1545 Ester, Stearyl Ester of Ethylhexyl Stearate Palmester 1545, Ester of Stearyl Ethylhexyl Stearate, Ethylhexyl Ester Stearyl Stearate, Palmester 1545 Stearyl Ethylhexyl Stearate, Ethylhexyl Stearate 1545 Ester, Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate Ester, Stearyl Ester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate, Ester of Palmester 1545 Stearyl, Ethylhexyl Stearate Ester 1545, Stearyl Ester of Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate, Palmester 1545 Stearyl Ester of Ethylhexyl Stearate, Stearyl Stearate Ethylhexyl Ester Palmester 1545, Ethylhexyl Stearate Palmester 1545 Stearyl Ester, Stearyl Ester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate Palmester 1545, Ester of Stearyl Ethylhexyl Stearate Palmester 1545, Ethylhexyl Ester Stearyl Stearate 1545, Palmester 1545 Stearyl Ethylhexyl Stearate Ester, Stearyl Ester of Ethylhexyl Stearate Palmester 1545, Ester of Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate, Stearyl Ethylhexyl Ester 1545 Palmester 1545, Ethylhexyl Stearate Ester Palmester 1545, Stearyl Stearate Ethylhexyl Ester 1545, Palmester 1545 Stearyl Ester of Ethylhexyl Stearate, Ester of Stearyl Ethylhexyl Stearate 1545, Ethylhexyl Ester Stearyl Stearate Palmester 1545, Stearyl Ester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate Ester, Ester of Palmester 1545 Stearyl Ethylhexyl Stearate, Stearyl Ethylhexyl Stearate Palmester 1545 Ester, Ethylhexyl Stearate 1545 Ester Stearyl, Palmester 1545 Stearyl Ester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate, Stearyl Ester of Ethylhexyl Stearate Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate, Ester of Palmester 1545 Stearyl Ethylhexyl Stearate Ester, Ethylhexyl Ester Stearyl Stearate 1545 Palmester 1545, Stearyl Ester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate Palmester 1545 Ester



APPLICATIONS


Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate is commonly utilized as an emollient in a wide range of cosmetic products.
Night creams often incorporate Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate to provide effective moisturization and enhance skin texture.

Hand creams benefit from the skin-conditioning properties of Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate, promoting soft and nourished hands.
Cleansing lotions enriched with this compound offer a gentle and smooth cleansing experience.
Baby creams utilize Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate for its emollient nature, suitable for delicate and sensitive baby skin.

Massage lotions containing this ester enhance the glide during massages, providing a luxurious feel.
Its use extends to various cosmetic care products, contributing to the overall formulation's efficacy.
Facial serums and treatments leverage the spreadability and absorption-enhancing properties of Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate.

Makeup formulations, including foundations, may feature this compound for a smoother and more even application.
The ester serves as a fragrance enhancer, contributing to a pleasant olfactory experience in cosmetic products.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate is a suitable replacement for mineral oil in cosmetic formulations.

Sunscreen formulations benefit from this ester's properties, improving spreadability and skin-feel.
Lip balms may include Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate to provide a soft and moisturizing texture to the lips.

Body lotions and creams often feature this compound to impart a silky and non-greasy finish on the skin.
Anti-aging creams may incorporate Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate for its skin-conditioning and moisturizing benefits.

The ester is used in formulations targeting specific skin concerns, such as dry or chapped skin.
Hair care products, including leave-in conditioners, may contain this compound for its conditioning properties.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate is found in cosmetic wipes and towelettes for its skin-conditioning effects.
Deodorant formulations may utilize this ester to enhance the glide and spreadability of the product.

Inclusion in facial masks contributes to the product's texture and overall skin-conditioning properties.
Cosmetic products designed for men, such as beard oils and grooming products, may contain this compound.

Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate is employed in formulations targeting specific skin types, including sensitive or reactive skin.
Moisturizing body washes and shower gels may include this ester for its skin-friendly and emollient nature.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate can be part of the ingredients in bath oils and bath bombs, providing a luxurious bathing experience.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate is a versatile ingredient, making it suitable for a diverse range of cosmetic and personal care applications.

Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate is a common inclusion in cosmetic serums, contributing to their smooth texture and ease of application.
Its emollient properties make it a valuable ingredient in body butter formulations, ensuring deep moisturization.

Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate is utilized in skin balms to provide a protective barrier and prevent moisture loss.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate can be found in sunless tanning lotions and sprays, enhancing the application and skin-feel.

Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate is used in powder formulations, such as blushes and bronzers, for its blending capabilities.
In makeup primers, Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate contributes to a smooth canvas for subsequent makeup application.

Its skin-conditioning effects make it a beneficial ingredient in cuticle oils for nail care.
Eyebrow pomades may include this compound for its contribution to a creamy and easily applicable texture.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate enhances the overall feel of exfoliating scrubs and contributes to a silky finish.

Personal lubricants and intimate care products utilize this ester for its skin-friendly properties.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate may be present in dry shampoo formulations to impart conditioning benefits to the hair.

Included in shaving creams, it provides lubrication and a smooth glide during shaving.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate contributes to the silky texture of body powders, ensuring a comfortable application.
Deodorants and antiperspirants may contain this ester for its skin-friendly and emollient effects.
In matte lipsticks, it aids in achieving a non-drying formula while providing a desirable texture.

Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate is utilized in cosmetic pencils, ensuring a creamy and easily blendable consistency.
Included in foot creams, it helps soften and moisturize dry and rough skin on the feet.
Some nail polishes may contain Palmester 1545 for its contribution to a smooth and glossy finish.

Its texture-enhancing properties make it suitable for inclusion in eye shadow formulations.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate is used in eyeliner gels for its ability to contribute to a long-lasting and smudge-resistant formula.
Cosmetic products for makeup removal benefit from the ester's gentle and skin-conditioning nature.

Included in facial mists, it contributes to a lightweight and refreshing application on the skin.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate may be found in liquid foundation formulations to improve spreadability and blendability.
Men's grooming products like beard creams and grooming lotions may feature this compound for its skin-friendly properties.
The ester enhances the even distribution of fragrance in body mists, providing a longer-lasting scent.

Its conditioning properties make Palmester 1545 a valuable ingredient in leave-in hair conditioners.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate contributes to the luxurious texture of hair masks, providing deep nourishment to the hair.

Included in liquid highlighters, this ester aids in achieving a smooth and blendable consistency on the skin.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate enhances the moisturizing effect of shower oils, leaving the skin soft and hydrated.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate is used in body scrubs to improve the overall sensory experience during exfoliation.
In tattoo creams and aftercare lotions, it helps soothe and moisturize the skin.

Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate contributes to the glossy and non-sticky texture of lip gloss formulations.
Included in insect repellent creams, it aids in creating a smooth and easy-to-apply formula.
Its emollient nature is beneficial in hand sanitizers, preventing skin dryness often associated with frequent use.

In tinted moisturizers, it improves the spreadability of pigments for a more even skin tone.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate is used in body shimmers to provide a radiant and shimmering effect on the skin.

Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate contributes to the creamy texture of eyeshadows, ensuring easy application and blending.
Included in foot sprays, it improves the application and overall comfort of the product.

In hydrating face mists, it enhances the skin's moisture levels with a lightweight application.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate is featured in overnight masks, providing prolonged skin-conditioning benefits.
In body balms, it offers a rich and indulgent texture, ideal for intensive skin moisturization.

Its emollient properties make it suitable for cuticle creams, promoting healthy nails.
Used in liquid blush formulations, it aids in achieving a natural and dewy finish on the cheeks.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate may be present in oil-based perfumes, contributing to a long-lasting fragrance on the skin.
In hydroalcoholic gels, it can help counteract the drying effects of alcohol on the skin.
Included in cleansing oils, it assists in the gentle removal of makeup and impurities.

Its use in body creams for expectant mothers addresses skin changes during and after pregnancy.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate is utilized in solid perfumes for its solidifying and skin-conditioning qualities.
In bronzing lotions, it enhances the application and ensures an even distribution of color.
Included in skin-perfecting primers, it creates a smooth base for flawless makeup application.



DESCRIPTION


Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate is a versatile cosmetic ingredient known for its emollient properties.
Derived from renewable vegetable oils, it aligns with a sustainable and eco-friendly approach.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate has a smooth, silky texture that contributes to the luxurious feel of cosmetic products.

With its excellent emollient nature, it imparts a soft and velvety touch to the skin upon application.
As a GMO-free compound, Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate assures consumers of its commitment to avoiding genetically modified organisms.

The safety profile is enhanced by being Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy/Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy-free.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate can effectively replace mineral oil in various cosmetic formulations.
Night creams benefit from its inclusion, providing moisturization and promoting skin comfort.

Its application extends to hand creams, offering skin-conditioning benefits for the hands.
Cleansing lotions containing this ester ensure a gentle and nourishing cleansing experience.
Baby creams incorporate Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate for its emollient and skin-friendly characteristics.
Massage lotions are enriched with the ester, enhancing the overall sensory experience during massages.

Its HALAL and KOSHER certifications make it suitable for consumers adhering to specific dietary requirements.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate stands out for its broad use in cosmetic care products, showcasing its versatility.

Facial serums and treatments benefit from its spreadability and absorption-enhancing properties.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate, as a fragrance enhancer, contributes to a pleasing olfactory experience in cosmetic formulations.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate's non-greasy feel makes it an ideal choice for formulations where light texture is desired.
Body lotions containing this compound provide a silky and non-greasy finish on the skin.
Its compatibility with different skin types, including sensitive skin, adds to its appeal.

Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate contributes to the stability and shelf life of cosmetic products, ensuring product quality.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate's biodegradability aligns with the growing demand for environmentally conscious cosmetic ingredients.
Inclusion in makeup products, such as foundations, enhances the smooth application and blendability.

Sunscreen formulations may feature this ester for improved spreadability and skin-feel.
Its use in anti-aging creams showcases its moisturizing and skin-conditioning benefits for mature skin.
Palmester 1545 Ethylhexyl Stearate stands as a testament to the combination of efficacy, safety, and sustainability in cosmetic formulations.



PROPERTIES


Boiling Point: 426.2°C
Melting Point: -45°C
pH: Neutral
Solubility: Insoluble in water
Viscosity: Low



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected area with plenty of soap and water.
If irritation or redness occurs, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

In case of contact with eyes, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, removing contact lenses if present.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.


Ingestion:

If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Rinse mouth with water and seek immediate medical attention.


Notes to Physicians:

Treat symptomatically based on individual reactions.
Provide supportive care as necessary.


Firefighting Measures:

Extinguishing Media:

Use fire-extinguishing media suitable for surrounding materials (e.g., water spray, foam, dry chemical).


Special Firefighting Procedures:

Wear appropriate protective equipment.
Evacuate the area if the fire is uncontrollable.


Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards:

No unusual fire or explosion hazards reported.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Handling Procedures:
Follow good industrial hygiene practices during handling.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling and before eating, drinking, or smoking.

Protection Against Fire and Explosion:
Take measures to prevent the buildup of electrostatic charges.
Use explosion-proof equipment if applicable.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in areas where the product is handled or processed.
Use local exhaust ventilation if necessary to control airborne concentrations.

Protective Measures:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if exposure limits are exceeded.

Storage Compatibility:
Store away from incompatible materials and substances.
Check the SDS for specific information on substances to avoid.

Handling Precautions:
Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the product.
Avoid inhalation of vapors or dust.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and open flames.

Storage Temperature:
Store within a specified temperature range, as indicated in the SDS.

Storage Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.

Incompatible Materials:
Store away from incompatible materials, as listed in the SDS.

Specific End Uses:
Store the product in a manner consistent with its intended applications.

Control Measures:
Implement engineering controls to minimize exposure during storage.
Use secondary containment to prevent spills from reaching the environment.

Handling of Leaked or Spilled Material:
Clean up spills immediately, following appropriate safety measures.
Dispose of waste in accordance with local regulations.

Storage Stability:
Check the product's stability over time and adhere to expiration dates if applicable.

Special Precautions:
Follow any specific precautions or recommendations provided in the SDS.

Security Measures:
Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access or theft.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is a chemical compound commonly known as Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCT).
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is a type of fatty acid ester derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil.
MCTs are composed of medium-chain fatty acids, specifically caprylic acid (8 carbons) and capric acid (10 carbons).
The triglyceride structure refers to the glycerol molecule combined with three fatty acid chains.

CAS Number: 65381-09-1
EC Number: 265-724-3

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, MCT, Medium-Chain Triglycerides, Palmester 3595, Fractionated Coconut Oil, Coconut Triglycerides, Capryl Capric Triglycerides, Caprylic Capric Acid Triglyceride, Mixed Triglycerides, C8/C10 Triglycerides, Caprylic Capric Glycerides, Caprylic Glycerides, Capric Glycerides, Caprylic Fatty Acid Triglyceride, Capric Fatty Acid Triglyceride, Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Ester, Caprylic/Capric Acid Ester, MCT Oil, Caprylic Capric Ester, Medium-Chain Ester, Caprylic Capric Ester of Glycerin, Triglycerol Ester, Capryl Caprylate, Capric Caprylate, Glycerin Ester of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids, Glycerol Triester of Caprylic/Capric Acids, MCT Triglyceride, Coconut Oil Ester, Medium-Chain Glyceride, Caprylic Capric Glycerol Ester, Glyceride of Coconut Oil, Coconut Fatty Acid Triglyceride, Capric Fatty Acids Glyceride, Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Triglyceride, Triglyceride of Caprylic/Capric Acids, MCT Glyceride, Medium-Chain Coconut Oil Ester, Coconut Oil Triglycerol Ester, Capric Glycerol Triglyceride, Caprylic Glycerol Triglyceride, Caprylic Capric Triester of Glycerol, Glycerol Triglyceride of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids, MCT Esters, Caprylic Capric Oil, Glyceride of Fractionated Coconut Oil, Caprylic Ester of Glycerol, Capric Ester of Glycerol, Medium-Chain Triglycerol Ester, Glycerol Triester of Caprylic/Capric Fatty Acids, Coconut Oil Fatty Acids Glyceride, MCT Fraction, Caprylic Glycerol Ester of Fatty Acids, Capric Glycerol Ester of Fatty Acids, Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Glyceride, Caprylic/Capric Acid Ester of Glycerol.



APPLICATIONS


Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is a commonly used ingredient in skincare products such as moisturizers and lotions.
Its emollient properties make it a valuable component in formulations designed to soften and hydrate the skin.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is often found in facial cleansers, contributing to a gentle and effective cleansing experience.

In the cosmetics industry, it is a popular choice for foundations and concealers, providing a smooth and even application.
Sunscreen formulations often include Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) to enhance spreadability and skin-feel.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) serves as a carrier oil for essential oils in aromatherapy and fragrance applications.
Massage oils frequently contain this compound for its lightweight texture and ease of glide.
Due to its stability and compatibility, it is used in a variety of haircare products, including conditioners and styling products.
Lip balms utilize Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) to impart a soft and moisturizing feel to the lips.

In anti-aging creams, Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) contributes to the overall texture and helps deliver active ingredients to the skin.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is present in bath oils and bath bombs, enhancing the bathing experience with its emollient properties.

Makeup removers often contain Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) for its ability to dissolve makeup while leaving the skin feeling nourished.
Baby care products, including diaper creams and lotions, may feature Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) for its gentle and skin-friendly nature.

Hand creams use Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) to provide effective moisturization and combat dryness.
In deodorants and antiperspirants, Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) assists in creating a smooth and comfortable application.
Fragrance formulations benefit from its solvent properties, helping to disperse and enhance the longevity of scents.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is utilized in the production of bath and shower gels for its emollient and cleansing characteristics.
Body scrubs often incorporate this compound to enhance the exfoliation process and leave the skin feeling soft.
In hair serums and leave-in treatments, Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) helps in detangling and adding a silky shine to the hair.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is a common ingredient in personal lubricants for its skin-friendly and lubricating properties.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is featured in facial masks to improve the spreadability and overall texture of the product.
Foot creams use Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride to moisturize and soften the skin on the feet.
Tattoo aftercare products may contain Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) for its soothing and skin-conditioning effects.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is used in cosmetic wipes and towelettes for its emollient properties.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is found in shaving creams to provide lubrication and a smooth shaving experience.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is a key ingredient in body lotions and creams, contributing to their luxurious texture and moisturizing properties.
Nail care products, such as cuticle creams and oils, often include MCT to nourish and condition the nails and surrounding skin.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is used in sunless tanning products to provide an even application and enhance the absorption of tanning agents.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is a common component in natural and organic skincare formulations due to its renewable sourcing and eco-friendly profile.
Eyebrow pencils and pomades may contain Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) for its role in creating a smooth and blendable consistency.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is present in dry shampoos, contributing to their lightweight and non-greasy formulation.
Shampoo formulations may include Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) to enhance the overall feel and manageability of the hair.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is utilized in bath salts and bath oils to disperse essential oils and provide skin-conditioning benefits.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is found in intimate care products, such as personal lubricants, for its gentle and non-irritating properties.
Some natural and organic deodorants use Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) for its skin-friendly nature and compatibility with other natural ingredients.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is employed in lip care products, including lip glosses and balms, for its moisturizing and glossy effects.
Tattoo inks may contain Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) to improve pigment dispersion and application.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is used in shaving foams and gels to provide a smooth glide and reduce friction during shaving.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is featured in facial serums to enhance the delivery of active ingredients and promote skin health.
Natural and organic mascaras may incorporate Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) for its lightweight and conditioning properties.
In body mists and sprays, the compound aids in even fragrance distribution and provides a non-greasy finish.
Hair masks and deep conditioning treatments often include Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) for its ability to nourish and revitalize hair strands.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is used in acne treatment products to deliver active ingredients without causing excessive dryness.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is found in solid perfumes, contributing to their smooth and easily applicable consistency.
Makeup setting sprays may contain Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) for its ability to set makeup without compromising its appearance.
Some natural and organic insect repellents use Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride as a base for essential oil blends.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is used in natural and mineral-based foundations to improve the spreadability and blendability of pigments.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is present in baby wipes for its gentle and moisturizing qualities.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is utilized in hand sanitizers to counteract the drying effects of alcohol and provide a skin-conditioning element.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is a versatile ingredient in the formulation of various cosmetic and personal care products, showcasing its adaptability to different applications.

Hair styling products, including hair sprays and gels, may incorporate Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride for its lightweight and non-sticky feel.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is a common ingredient in cuticle oils, providing nourishment and promoting healthy nails.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is used in foot creams to soften and moisturize dry and rough skin on the feet.

Some natural and organic foundations use Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) as a base to create a smooth and buildable coverage.
Nail polish removers may contain this compound to help dissolve nail polish while conditioning the nails.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is employed in beard oils to soften facial hair and moisturize the underlying skin.
Scalp treatments, including serums and oils, may include Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride for its conditioning effects on the scalp.
Natural and organic baby lotions use this compound for its gentle and non-irritating properties on delicate baby skin.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is found in anti-chafing products to provide a smooth and friction-reducing barrier on the skin.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is utilized in after-sun care products to soothe and moisturize sun-exposed skin.
Some natural and organic blushes incorporate MCT for its ability to blend seamlessly and provide a natural-looking flush.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is a common ingredient in cuticle balms, aiding in the maintenance of healthy and hydrated cuticles.
Beard balms may include Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) to soften facial hair and impart a subtle sheen.
Natural and organic mascara formulations may use MCT for its conditioning and non-clumping properties.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is featured in hand masks to provide intensive moisturization and rejuvenation.

Lip scrubs often contain this compound to aid in exfoliating and smoothing the lips.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is used in natural and organic sunscreens for its ability to enhance the even distribution of UV filters.
In natural and organic eyeliners, Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) contributes to a smooth and easily applicable texture.

Some natural and organic dry body oils use Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride for a lightweight and non-greasy finish.
Foot scrubs may incorporate this compound for its emollient properties, leaving the feet soft and refreshed.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is used in cuticle serums to nourish and condition the nail beds.
Natural and organic night creams may contain MCT for its skin-conditioning and rejuvenating effects.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is found in natural and organic makeup removers to dissolve makeup while leaving the skin nourished.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is used in natural and organic lip balms to provide hydration and prevent dryness.
In natural and organic setting powders, MCT may contribute to a lightweight and finely milled texture for a seamless finish.



DESCRIPTION


Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is a chemical compound commonly known as Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCT).
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is a type of fatty acid ester derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil.
MCTs are composed of medium-chain fatty acids, specifically caprylic acid (8 carbons) and capric acid (10 carbons).
The triglyceride structure refers to the glycerol molecule combined with three fatty acid chains.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT), commonly known as MCT, is a versatile and widely used chemical compound.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) stands out as a colorless and odorless liquid with a smooth, silky texture.

Derived from renewable sources such as coconut or palm kernel oil, it aligns with sustainable and eco-friendly practices.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is composed of medium-chain fatty acids, specifically caprylic acid and capric acid.

With its excellent emollient properties, Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is a popular choice in skincare products for its ability to soften and smooth the skin.
Its lightweight and non-greasy feel make it an ideal ingredient in cosmetic formulations, ranging from lotions to serums.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) serves as a solvent for fragrances, enhancing their dispersion and overall effectiveness in various products.

The triglyceride structure of Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT), combined with glycerol, contributes to its stability under different conditions.
Recognized for its compatibility with different skin types, it is often included in formulations for sensitive skin.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is a common ingredient in massage oils, contributing to a luxurious and gliding sensation during massages.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) has a neutral scent, making it an excellent carrier for both fragranced and fragrance-free cosmetic products.
Due to its stability, MCT helps extend the shelf life of formulations, ensuring product quality over time.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) plays a crucial role in skincare products designed for hydration and moisturization, promoting skin health.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is an ester of glycerol and medium-chain fatty acids, offering enhanced solubility in both water and oil.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is recognized for its ability to enhance the spreadability and absorption of active ingredients in formulations.

As a GMO-free ingredient, MCT assures consumers of its commitment to avoiding genetically modified organisms.
Its presence in cosmetic formulations contributes to a pleasant sensory experience, leaving a silky and non-greasy finish on the skin.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is often used in formulations targeting specific skin concerns, such as dryness or roughness.
The clear and transparent nature of MCT allows it to be seamlessly incorporated into various cosmetic products without altering their appearance.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT)'s emollient nature makes it suitable for use in haircare products, providing conditioning benefits to the hair.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is known for its versatility in formulations, ranging from skincare creams to makeup products like foundations and lip balms.
Its inclusion in sunscreens contributes to improved spreadability and a comfortable skin-feel during application.
Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is HALAL and KOSHER certified, meeting specific dietary requirements and preferences.

Palmester 3595 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (MCT) is a key ingredient in environmentally conscious formulations due to its renewable sourcing and biodegradability.
Its widespread use across the cosmetic and personal care industry attests to MCT's efficacy, safety, and multifunctional qualities.



PROPERTIES


Boiling Point: 270°C
Solubility: Soluble in water
Viscosity: 25-33 cP



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected area with plenty of soap and water.
If irritation or redness occurs, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

In case of contact with eyes, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, removing contact lenses if present.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.


Ingestion:

If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Rinse mouth with water and seek immediate medical attention.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Handling Procedures:
Follow good industrial hygiene practices during handling.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling and before eating, drinking, or smoking.

Protection Against Fire and Explosion:
Take measures to prevent the buildup of electrostatic charges.
Use explosion-proof equipment if applicable.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in areas where the product is handled or processed.
Use local exhaust ventilation if necessary to control airborne concentrations.

Protective Measures:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if exposure limits are exceeded.

Storage Compatibility:
Store away from incompatible materials and substances.
Check the SDS for specific information on substances to avoid.

Handling Precautions:
Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the product.
Avoid inhalation of vapors or dust.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and open flames.

Storage Temperature:
Store within a specified temperature range, as indicated in the SDS.

Storage Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.

Incompatible Materials:
Store away from incompatible materials, as listed in the SDS.

Specific End Uses:
Store the product in a manner consistent with its intended applications.

Control Measures:
Implement engineering controls to minimize exposure during storage.
Use secondary containment to prevent spills from reaching the environment.

Handling of Leaked or Spilled Material:
Clean up spills immediately, following appropriate safety measures.
Dispose of waste in accordance with local regulations.

Storage Stability:
Check the product's stability over time and adhere to expiration dates if applicable.

cas no 57-10-3 n-Hexadecoic acid; Pentadecanecarboxylic acid; n-Hexadecanoic acid; 1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid; Cetylic acid; Hexadecylic acid;

SYNONYMS n-Hexadecoic acid; Pentadecanecarboxylic acid; n-Hexadecanoic acid; 1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid; Cetylic acid; Hexadecylic acid; (EDENOR C1698) CAS NO. 57-10-3

Palmitic Acid is a kind of common saturated fatty acid of a 16-carbon backbone, which is contained in fats and waxes.
Palmitic Acid naturally exists in palm oil and palm kernel oil, and can also be found in butter, cheese, milk, meat, cocoa butter, soybean oil and sunflower oil.
Palmitic Acid can be produced by many kinds of plants and organisms.

CAS: 57-10-3
MF: C16H32O2
MW: 256.42
EINECS: 200-312-9

Synonms
Palmitic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, 57-10-3, Cetylic acid, palmitate, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecylic acid, Hydrofol, n-Hexadecoic acid, 1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid, Palmitinic acid, hexaectylic acid, Pentadecanecarboxylic acid, hexadecoic acid, 1-Hexyldecanoic Acid, Industrene 4516, Emersol 140, Emersol 143, Hystrene 8016, Hystrene 9016, Palmitinsaeure, Palmitic acid, pure, Palmitic acid 95%, Kortacid 1698, FEMA No. 2832, Loxiol EP 278, Palmitic acid (natural), Hydrofol Acid 1690, Cetyl acid, Prifac 2960, C16:0, HSDB 5001, Pristerene 4934, Pristerene-4934, Edenor C16, NSC 5030, AI3-01594, Lunac P 95KC, Lunac P 95, Lunac P 98, CCRIS 5443, Prifac-2960, CHEBI:15756, NSC5030, NSC-5030, EINECS 200-312-9, UNII-2V16EO95H1, FA 16:0, BRN 0607489, Palmitic acid (NF), DTXSID2021602, Glycon P-45, IMEX C 1498, 2V16EO95H1, Hexadecanoic acid (9CI), MFCD00002747, Palmitic acid (7CI,8CI), CHEMBL82293, DTXCID101602, 67701-02-4, CH3-[CH2]14-COOH, EC 200-312-9, 4-02-00-01157 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), n-hexadecoate, LMFA01010001, PA 900, EDENOR C 16-98-100, FA 1695, SURFAXIN COMPONENT PALMITIC ACID, 1-hexyldecanoate, NCGC00164358-01, LUCINACTANT COMPONENT PALMITIC ACID, pentadecanecarboxylate, Hexadecanoic acid 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, HEXADECANOIC-11,11,12,12-D4 ACID, PALMITIC ACID (II), PALMITIC ACID [II], PALMITIC ACID (MART.), PALMITIC ACID [MART.], CH3-(CH2)14-COOH, Palmitic acid; Hexadecanoic acid, PLM, palmic acid, Hexadecanoate (n-C16:0), PALMITIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH), PALMITIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH], Acid, Palmitic, CAS-57-10-3, Acid, Hexadecanoic, SR-01000944716, Palmitic acid [USAN:NF], palmitoate, Hexadecoate, Palmitinate, Palmitinsaure, palmitic-acid, palmitoic acid, Hexadecanoicacid, Aethalic acid, Hexadecanoic acid Palmitic acid, 2hmb, 2hnx, Palmitic acid_jeyam, n-Hexadecyclic Acid, fatty acid 16:0, Palmitic Acid, FCC, Kortacid 1695, Palmitic acid_RaGuSa, Univol U332, 1219802-61-5, Prifrac 2960, Hexadecanoic acid anion, Hexadecanoic--d5 Acid, 3v2q, Palmitic acid, >=99%, bmse000590, Epitope ID:141181, CETYL ACID [VANDF], PALMITIC ACID [MI], SCHEMBL6177, PALMITIC ACID [DSC], PALMITIC ACID [FCC], PALMITIC ACID [FHFI], PALMITIC ACID [HSDB], PALMITIC ACID [INCI], PALMITIC ACID [USAN], FAT, WLN: QV15, P5585_SIGMA, PALMITIC ACID [VANDF], GTPL1055, QSPL 166, PALMITIC ACID [USP-RS], PALMITIC ACID [WHO-DD], (1(1)(3)C)hexadecanoic acid, 1b56, HMS3649N08, Palmitic acid, analytical standard, Palmitic acid, BioXtra, >=99%, Palmitic acid, Grade II, ~95%, HY-N0830, Palmitic acid, natural, 98%, FG, Tox21_112105, Tox21_201671, Tox21_302966, AC9381, BDBM50152850, s3794, Palmitic acid, >=95%, FCC, FG, AKOS005720983, Tox21_112105_1, CCG-267027, CR-0047, DB03796, Palmitic acid, for synthesis, 98.0%, NCGC00164358-02, NCGC00164358-03, NCGC00256424-01, NCGC00259220-01, BP-27917, Palmitic acid, purum, >=98.0% (GC), SY006518, CS-0009861, FT-0626965, FT-0772579, P0002, P1145, Palmitic acid, SAJ first grade, >=95.0%, EN300-19603, C00249, D05341, Palmitic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, PALMITIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SPIRULINA), Palmitic acid, >=98% palmitic acid basis (GC), A831313, Q209727, PALMITIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF FLAX SEED OIL), PALMITIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO), SR-01000944716-1, SR-01000944716-2, BA71C79B-C9B1-451A-A5BE-B480B5CC7D0C, PALMITIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF BORAGE SEED OIL), PALMITIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SPIRULINA) [DSC], F0001-1488, Z104474418, PALMITIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF EVENING PRIMROSE OIL), PALMITIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO) [DSC]

Palmitic Acid can be used for the production of soap, cosmetics, and industrial mold release agents.
Palmitic Acid is also a food processing aid. It can also be used to produce cetyl alocohol which is useful in the production of detergents and cosmetics.
Recently, Palmitic Acid has been also used for the manufacture of a long-acting antipsychotic medication, paliperidone palmitate.

Palmitic acid occurs as white crystalline scales with a slight characteristic odor and taste.
Palmitic Acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals and plants.
Palmitic Acid is a mixture of solid organic acids obtained from fats consisting chiefly of palmitic acid (C16H35O2) with varying amounts of stearic acid (C16H36O2).
As Palmitic Acid name tells us, it is found in palm oil but also in butter, cheese, milk and meat.

Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature) is a fatty acid with a 16-carbon chain.
Palmitic Acid is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms.
Palmitic Acid chemical formula is CH3(CH2)14COOH, and its C:D (the total number of carbon atoms to the number of carbon–carbon double bonds) is 16:0.
Palmitic Acid is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil), making up to 44% of total fats.
Meats, cheeses, butter, and other dairy products also contain palmitic acid, amounting to 50–60% of total fats.
Palmitates are the salts and esters of palmitic acid.
The palmitate anion is the observed form of palmitic acid at physiologic pH (7.4).
Major sources of C16:0 are palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, and milk fat

Palmitic Acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 61-62.5 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 351.5 °C
density: 0.852 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 10 mm Hg ( 210 °C)
refractive index 1.4273
FEMA: 2832 | PALMITIC ACID
Fp: >230 °F
storage temp.: room temp
solubility: chloroform: 0.5 M, clear, colorless
form: Flakes
pka: 4.78±0.10(Predicted)
color: White or almost white
Odor: at 100.00 %. slightly waxy fatty
Odor Type: waxy
Water Solubility: insoluble
Merck: 14,6996
JECFA Number: 115
BRN: 607489
Dielectric constant: 2.3（71℃）
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents.
InChIKey: IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 7.170
CAS DataBase Reference: 57-10-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Palmitic Acid(57-10-3)
EPA Substance Registry System: Palmitic acid (57-10-3)

Uses
Palmitic Acid is one of the skin’s major fatty acids produced by the sebaceous glands.
In cosmetic preparations, Palmitic Acid is used as a formula texturizer.
Palmitic Acid is naturally occurring in allspice, anise, calamus oil, cascarilla bark, celery seed, coffee, tea, and many animal fats and plant oils.
Palmitic Acid is obtained from palm oil, Japan wax, or Chinese vegetable tallow.

Palmitic Acid is a common fatty acid found in plants and animals.
The body converts excess carbohydrates into Palmitic Acid, thus Palmitic Acid is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synt hesis as well as a precursor for longer fatty acids.
Palmitic Acid is a fatty acid which is a mixture of solid organic acids from fats consisting principally of palmitic acid with varying amounts of stearic acid.
Palmitic Acid functions as a lubricant, binder, and defoaming agent.
Palmitic acid is used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations.
Palmitic acid has been used in implants for sustained release of insulin in rats.

Excess carbohydrates in the body are converted to Palmitic Acid.
Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and the precursor to longer fatty acids.
Palmitate negatively feeds back on acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which is responsible for converting acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, which in turn is used to add to the growing acyl chain, thus preventing further palmitate generation.
In biology, some proteins are modified by the addition of a palmitoyl group in a process known as palmitoylation.
Palmitoylation is important for membrane localisation of many proteins.

Application
Palmitic acid is mainly used to produce soaps, cosmetics, and release agents.
These applications utilize sodium palmitate, which is commonly obtained by saponification of palm oil.
To this end, palm oil, rendered from the coconut palm nut, is treated with sodium hydroxide (in the form of caustic soda or lye), which causes hydrolysis of the ester groups. This procedure affords glycerol and sodium palmitate.
Because it is inexpensive and adds texture to processed foods (convenience food), palmitic acid and its sodium salt find wide use including foodstuffs.
Sodium palmitate is permitted as a natural additive in organic products.
Hydrogenation of palmitic acid yields cetyl alcohol, which is used to produce detergents and cosmetics.
Recently, a long-acting antipsychotic medication, paliperidone palmitate (marketed as INVEGA Sustenna), used in the treatment of schizophrenia, has been synthesized using the oily palmitate ester as a long-acting release carrier medium when injected intramuscularly.
The underlying method of drug delivery is similar to that used with decanoic acid to deliver long-acting depot medication, in particular, neuroleptics such as haloperidol decanoate.

Production Methods
Palmitic acid occurs naturally in all animal fats as the glyceride, palmitin, and in palm oil partly as the glyceride and partly uncombined.
Palmitic acid is most conveniently obtained from olive oil after removal of oleic acid, or from Japanese beeswax.
Synthetically, palmitic acid may be prepared by heating cetyl alcohol with soda lime to 270°C or by fusing oleic acid with potassium hydrate.

Purification Methods
Purify palmitic acid by slow (overnight) recrystallisation from hexane.
Some samples are also crystallised from acetone, EtOH or EtOAc.
The crystals are kept in air to lose solvent, or are pumped dry of solvent on a vacuum line.

Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature) is a fatty acid with a 16-carbon chain.
Palmitic acid is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms.
Palmitic acid chemical formula is CH3(CH2)14COOH, and Palmitic acid C:D (the total number of carbon atoms to the number of carbon–carbon double bonds) is 16:0.

CAS Number: 57-10-3
EC Number: 200-312-9
Chemical Formula: CH3(CH2)14COOH
Molar Mass: 256.43 g/mol

Meats, cheeses, butter, and other dairy products also contain palmitic acid, amounting to 50–60% of total fats.
Palmitates are the salts and esters of palmitic acid.
The palmitate anion is the observed form of palmitic acid at physiologic pH (7.4).

Palmitic acid (PA), a saturated fatty acid present in the human body, accounts for 20-30% of total fatty acids (FA) in membrane phospholipids (PL) and adipose triacylglycerols (TAG).
Palmitic acid is one of the main components of palm oil however, significant amounts of Palmitic acid are also found in meat and dairy products, cocoa butter, and olive oil.

Palmitic acid is also present in breast milk.
Palmitic acid performs various fundamental biological functions at cellular and tissue levels.

Palmitic acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid (LCFA), a term for fatty acids containing 13 to 21 carbons.
Palmitic acid contains 16 carbons.

This acid is found in most fats and oils, such as soybean oil.
Palmitic acid can also be found naturally in plants and animals and created in laboratories.
Additionally, palmitic acid can be found in foods such as palm oil, butter, meat, milk, and cheese.

Soybean oil is commonly found throughout human food and has many other applications as well.
One part of soybean oil is palmitic acid.
Many think that lowering the palmitic acid in soybean oil would reduce the fatty acid in the oil and increase the oil’s quality, making Palmitic acid better for humans to eat.

The palmitic acid structure contains a 16-carbon backbone.
The palmitic acid molecular formula contains C16H32O2, which is 16 carbon, 32 hydrogens, and 2 oxygen.

Palmitic acid has a molecular weight of 256.42.
Palmitic acid is commonly used in personal care products and cosmetics.

Palmitic acid has a bad reputation, primarily because Palmitic acid has been shown to have negative health effects.
Palmitic acid has been linked to several conditions, including brain diseases and cancer.

However, studies don't necessarily agree on this.
Associations between palmitic oil and an increased risk of breast cancer were found in one study but not in another, for example.

Palmitic acid can also be observed in Escherichia coli, or E. coli, and an aged mouse’s brain as a metabolite, which is a substance that deals with the metabolism.
The appearance of palmitic acid can be in a dry powder form, liquid, or other solid material.

Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature) is a fatty acid with a 16-carbon chain.
Palmitic acid is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms.

Palmitic acid chemical formula is CH3(CH2)14COOH, and Palmitic acid C:D (the total number of carbon atoms to the number of carbon–carbon double bonds) is 16:0.
Palmitic acid is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil), making up to 44% of total fats.

Palmitic acid is often colorless with white crystalline scales.
Palmitic acid has a slight distinctive odor and taste but otherwise is odorless.

When heated and decayed, Palmitic acid gives off an acrid smoke.
The fumes from the smoke can be irritating.

As the first fatty acid to be produced during initial fatty acid synthesis, palmitic acid is a primary part of an animal’s body.
Additionally, in humans, palmitic acid has been seen to make up 21% to 30% of human depository fat.

Palmitic acid can be found in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (spinal tap fluid), feces, saliva, sweat, and urine, and also in tissues, including adipose tissue a.k.a. body fat, the bladder, skin, certain cells called fibroblasts, kidney, placenta, platelet, prostate, and skeletal muscle.
Palmitic acid is also known as hexadecanoic acid.

Palmitic Acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 16-carbon backbone.
Palmitic acid is found naturally in palm oil and palm kernel oil, as well as in butter, cheese, milk and meat.

Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals and plants, a saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.
Palmitic acid occurs in the form of esters (glycerides) in oils and fats of vegetable and animal origin and is usually obtained from palm oil, which is widely distributed in plants.
Palmitic acid is used in determination of water hardness and is an active ingredient of Levovist, used in echo enhancement in sonographic Doppler B-mode imaging and as an ultrasound contrast medium.

Palmitic acid (PA) has been for long time negatively depicted for Palmitic acid putative detrimental health effects, shadowing Palmitic acid multiple crucial physiological activities.
Palmitic acid is the most common saturated fatty acid accounting for 20–30% of total fatty acids in the human body and can be provided in the diet or synthesized endogenously via de novo lipogenesis (DNL).
Palmitic acid tissue content seems to be controlled around a well-defined concentration, and changes in Palmitic acid intake do not influence significantly Palmitic acid tissue concentration because the exogenous source is counterbalanced by Palmitic acid endogenous biosynthesis.

Particular physiopathological conditions and nutritional factors may strongly induce DNL, resulting in increased tissue content of Palmitic acid and disrupted homeostatic control of Palmitic acid tissue concentration.
The tight homeostatic control of Palmitic acid tissue concentration is likely related to Palmitic acid fundamental physiological role to guarantee membrane physical properties but also to consent protein palmitoylation, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) biosynthesis, and in the lung an efficient surfactant activity.

In order to maintain membrane phospholipids (PL) balance may be crucial an optimal intake of Palmitic acid in a certain ratio with unsaturated fatty acids, especially PUFAs of both n-6 and n-3 families.
However, in presence of other factors such as positive energy balance, excessive intake of carbohydrates (in particular mono and disaccharides), and a sedentary lifestyle, the mechanisms to maintain a steady state of Palmitic acid concentration may be disrupted leading to an over accumulation of tissue.

Palmitic acid resulting in dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, increased ectopic fat accumulation and increased inflammatory tone via toll-like receptor 4.
Palmitic acid is therefore likely that the controversial data on the association of dietary Palmitic acid with detrimental health effects, may be related to an excessive imbalance of dietary PA/PUFA ratio which, in certain physiopathological conditions, and in presence of an enhanced DNL, may further accelerate these deleterious effects.

Palmitic acid is used to produce soaps, cosmetics, and industrial mold release agents.
These applications use sodium palmitate, which is commonly obtained by saponification of palm oil.

To this end, palm oil, rendered from palm tree (species Elaeis guineensis), is treated with sodium hydroxide, which causes hydrolysis of the ester groups, yielding glycerol and sodium palmitate.
Hydrogenation of palmitic acid yields cetyl alcohol, which is used to produce detergents and cosmetics

Topical palmitic acid is not known to cause side effects.
A diet containing large amounts of palmitic acid can increase risk of heart disease but topical application doesn’t contribute to this.

Palmitic acid strongly boosts metastasis in mouse models of human oral cancer cells.
Among all fatty acids, Palmitic Acid has the strongest effect in boosting the metastatic potential of CD36+ metastasis-initiating cells.

Palmitic AcidPalmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants.
Palmitic Acid is a major component in the oils from palm trees, such as palm oil, palm kernel oil and coconut oil.
Palmitic acid, a kind of fatty acid, derived from palm oil.

Palmitic Acid is a major component in the oils from palm trees.
Applications of palmitic acid include soap & detergent, cosmetics, grease & lubricant, etc.
Among those applications, soap & detergent accounts for the largest market share, which was about 49.99% in 2016.

The palmitic acid industry production is mainly concentrated in Asian region, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, China and so on.
The largest producing region is Southeast Asia, which produced 135373 MT in 2016.

The follower is China, holding 18.50% production share.
Global production of palmitic acid increased from 166874 MT in 2012 to 202753 MT in 2016.

As for consumption, Europe is the largest consumer with about 33.51% share in 2016.
The second consumer is China, consuming 57456 MT in the same year.

The palmitic acid industry has close relationship with the palm oil industry.
Due to Palmitic Acid low profit, some companies engaged in the palm oil industry have given up the business.
In China, there are just a few suppliers.

The Palmitic Acid Industry Report indicates that the global market size of Palmitic Acid was XX USD in 2020, and will grow at a XX% CAGR between 2021 and 2027.

A collective analysis on ’Palmitic Acid Industry’ offers an exhaustive study supported current trends influencing this vertical throughout assorted geographies.
Key information regarding market size, market share, statistics, application, and revenue is within the research to develop an ensemble prediction.
Additionally, this research offers an in-depth competitive analysis that specializes in business outlook emphasizing expansion strategies accepted by Palmitic Acid market majors.

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid, the principal constituent of refined palm oil, present in the diet and synthesized endogenously.
Palmitic acid is able to activate the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR40.

Palmitic acid was also a weak ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.
Palmitic acid is a ligand of lipid chaperones - the fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs).
Dietary palm oil and palmitic acid may play a role in the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid that occurs in natural fats and oils, tall oil, and most commercial grade stearic acid.
Palmitic acid is prepared by treating fats and oils with water at a high pressure and temperature, leading to the hydrolysis of triglycerides.

Palmitic acid is mainly usedin the manufacture of metallic palmitates, soaps, cosmetics, lubricating oils, waterproofing release agents, and in food-grade additives.

Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants.
Palmitic acid is a white, crystalline, water-insoluble solid, C16H32O2, obtained by hydrolysis from palm oil and natural fats, in which Palmitic Acid occurs as the glyceride, and from spermaceti: used in the manufacture of soap.
Palmitic acid can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells.

Applications of Palmitic acid:

Palmitic acid has been used:
To study Palmitic acid effects on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in adipocytes and THP-1 macrophages
To stimulate lipotoxicity in primary rat hepatocytes
In Et-bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution along with retinoic acid (RA) and retinol to study Palmitic acid effects on spermatogenesis or meiotic progression

Surfactant:
Palmitic acid is used to produce soaps, cosmetics, and industrial mold release agents.
These applications use sodium palmitate, which is commonly obtained by saponification of palm oil.
To this end, palm oil, rendered from palm tree (species Elaeis guineensis), is treated with sodium hydroxide (in the form of caustic soda or lye), which causes hydrolysis of the ester groups, yielding glycerol and sodium palmitate.

Foods:
Because Palmitic acid is inexpensive and adds texture and "mouthfeel" to processed foods (convenience food), palmitic acid and Palmitic acid sodium salt find wide use in foodstuffs.
Sodium palmitate is permitted as a natural additive in organic products.

Military:
Aluminium salts of palmitic acid and naphthenic acid were the gelling agents used with volatile petrochemicals during World War II to produce napalm.
The word "napalm" is derived from the words naphthenic acid and palmitic acid.

Schizophrenia:
Recently, a long-acting antipsychotic medication, paliperidone palmitate (marketed as INVEGA Sustenna), used in the treatment of schizophrenia, has been synthesized using the oily palmitate ester as a long-acting release carrier medium when injected intramuscularly.
The underlying method of drug delivery is similar to that used with decanoic acid to deliver long-acting depot medication, in particular, neuroleptics such as haloperidol decanoate.

Health effects:
According to the World Health Organization, evidence is "convincing" that consumption of palmitic acid increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, based on studies indicating that Palmitic Acid may increase LDL levels in the blood.
Retinyl palmitate is a source of vitamin A added to low-fat milk to replace the vitamin content lost through the removal of milk fat.
Palmitate is attached to the alcohol form of vitamin A, retinol, to make vitamin A stable in milk.

Uses of Palmitic acid:
Palmitic acid has several uses.
For example, Palmitic acid can be used to test the hardness in water and is a part of the intravenous ultrasonic contrast agent Levovist, which is used during ultrasounds to detect certain diseases.

Palmitic acid can promote smooth skin, so Palmitic acid’s found in many soaps.
Additionally, the popular ingredient beeswax, often found in personal care items, also houses palmitic acid.
Cosmetic-wise, palmitic acid can be found in makeup used to hide imperfections such as pimples and blackheads.

Another common use for palmitic acid is in cleaning products, typically surface-active agents, such as detergent.
Palmitic acid is also used when making metallic palmitates, food-grade additives, and lube oils.

Palmitic acid is found as glycerol ester in oils and fats.
Palmitic acid is produced from palm oil, Japan wax, or Chinese vegetable tallow.

Palmitic acid is very common naturally occurring fatty acid.
Palmitic acid is used to make metallic palmitates and esters.
Palmitic acid is used in soaps and cosmetics; in lube oils; for waterproofing; in food-grade additives; as a non-drying oil (surface coating).

Palmitic acid is used in manufacture of metallic palmitates, soaps, lubricating oils, waterproofing, food-grade additives.

This is an endogenously produced metabolite found in the human body.
Palmitic acid is used in metabolic reactions, catabolic reactions or waste generation.

Industry Uses:
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Anti-freeze agent
Emulsifier
Finishing agents
Fuel
Intermediate
Intermediates
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Lubricating agent
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Opacifer
Polymerization promoter
Processing aids not otherwise specified
Stabilizing agent
Surface active agents
Surface modifier
Surfactant (surface active agent)
Viscosity modifiers

Consumer Uses:
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Emulsifier
Hardener
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Lubricating agent
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Opacifer
Surface modifier
Surfactant (surface active agent)
Viscosity adjustors

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides)

Dietary Sources of Palmitic acid:
Palmitic acid is produced by a wide range of other plants and organisms, typically at low levels.
Palmitic acid is present in butter, cheese, milk, and meat, as well as cocoa butter, olive oil, soybean oil, and sunflower oil.

Karukas contain 44.90% palmitic acid.
The cetyl ester of palmitic acid (cetyl palmitate) occurs in spermaceti.

Structure and Properties of Palmitic Acid:
Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid (no double bond so in shorthand 16:0) member of the sub-group called long chain fatty acids (LCFA), from 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

Palmitic Acid is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis in humans and the fatty acid from which longer fatty acids can be produced.

Palmitic acid was discovered by Edmond Frémy in 1840, in saponified palm oil.
This remains the primary industrial route for Palmitic Acid production, with the triglycerides (fats) in palm oil being hydrolysed by high temperature water (above 200 °C or 390 °F), and the resulting mixture fractionally distilled to give the pure product.

As a consequence, palmitic acid is a major body component of animals.
In humans, one analysis found Palmitic Acid to make up 21–30% (molar) of human depot fat, and Palmitic Acid is a major, but highly variable, lipid component of human breast milk.
Palmitate negatively feeds back on acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which is responsible for converting acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, which in turn is used to add to the growing acyl chain, thus preventing further palmitate generation

One of the main functions of palmitic acid alkali salts is that they acts as emulsifiers and surfactants, allowing oil based, hydrophobic molecules to interact with water where normally they would repel each other.
This works by the fatty acid end of the salt interacting with the oil while the salt end interacts with the water creating an adapter between oil and water.

In some products this increases the stability of the product as oil and water would naturally separate without Palmitic Acid.
In soaps and cleansing oils, the fatty end grabs oil and water-resistant make up on your skin while the salt end then lets water wash everything off.

Occurrence and Production of Palmitic acid:
Palmitic acid was discovered by Edmond Frémy in 1840, in saponified palm oil.
This remains the primary industrial route for Palmitic acid production, with the triglycerides (fats) in palm oil being hydrolysed by high-temperature water, and the resulting mixture fractionally distilled.

Biochemistry of Palmitic acid:
Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and is the precursor to longer fatty acids.
As a consequence, palmitic acid is a major body component of animals.

In humans, one analysis found Palmitic acid to make up 21–30% (molar) of human depot fat, and Palmitic acid is a major, but highly variable, lipid component of human breast milk.
Palmitate negatively feeds back on acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which is responsible for converting acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, which in turn is used to add to the growing acyl chain, thus preventing further palmitate generation.

Some proteins are modified by the addition of a palmitoyl group in a process known as palmitoylation.
Palmitoylation is important for localisation of many membrane proteins.

Research of Palmitic acid:
Palmitic acid is well accepted in the medical community that palmitic acid from dietary sources raises low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol.
The World Health Organization have stated there is convincing evidence that palmitic acid increases cardiovascular disease risk.

A 2021 review indicated that replacing dietary palmitic acid and other saturated fatty acids with unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid, could reduce several biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Palmitic acid:

Pharmacodynamics:
Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during lipogenesis (fatty acid synthesis) and from which longer fatty acids can be produced.
Palmitate negatively feeds back on acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) which is responsible for converting acetyl-ACP to malonyl-ACP on the growing acyl chain, thus preventing further palmitate generation

MeSH Pharmacological Classification of Palmitic acid:

Enzyme Inhibitors:
Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Bionecessity:
Palmitic acid is required for biosynthesis of lung lecithin, which is related to fetal maturation.
Radiochromatogram showed high incorporation of palmitate into lecithin by fetal lung.
Content in palm oil in Nigerian meals can partly be related to low incidence of respiratory distress.

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid present in the diet and synthesized endogenously.
Although often considered to have adverse effects on chronic disease in adults, Palmitic acid is an essential component of membrane, secretory, and transport lipids, with crucial roles in protein palmitoylation and signal molecules.

At birth, the term infant is 13-15% body fat, with 45-50% Palmitic acid, much of which is derived from endogenous synthesis in the fetus.
After birth, the infant accumulates adipose tissue at high rates, reaching 25% body weight as fat by 4-5 months age.

Over this time, human milk provides 10% dietary energy as Palmitic acid, but in unusual triglycerides with Palmitic acid on the glycerol center carbon.
This paper reviews the synthesis and oxidation of Palmitic acid and possible reasons why the infant is endowed with large amounts of fat and Palmitic acid.

The marked deviations in tissues with displacement of Palmitic acid that can occur in infants fed vegetable oil formulas is introduced.
Assuming fetal fatty acid synthesis and the unusual delivery of Palmitic acid in human milk evolved to afford survival advantage to the neonate, Palmitic acid is timely to question if Palmitic acid is an essential component of tissue lipids whereby both deficiency and excess are detrimental.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion of Palmitic acid:
Added (14)C-labeled palmitate was more significantly incorporated into lipid fractions of muscle fibers from fetal and neonatal monkeys than those from adults.

More (14)C-labeled palmitate was incorporated into lipid by adipose tissue of genetically obese rats than by controls.
Radioactivity has been traced to the heart, liver, lung, spleen, kidney, muscle, intestine, adrenal, blood, and lymph, and adipose, mucosal, and dental tissues after administration of radioactive oleic, palmitic, or stearic acids.

Fatty acids originating from adipose tissue stores are either bound to serum albumin or remain unesterified in the blood.

Human Metabolite Information of Palmitic acid:

Tissue Locations:
Adipose Tissue
Bladder
Epidermis
Fibroblasts
Kidney
Placenta
Platelet
Prostate
Skeletal Muscle

Cellular Locations:
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
Extracellular
Membrane
Peroxisome

General Manufacturing Information of Palmitic acid:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Adhesive Manufacturing
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Construction
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
Machinery Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (requires additional information)
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Paper Manufacturing
Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Plastics Product Manufacturing
Rubber Product Manufacturing
Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
Wholesale and Retail Trade

Handling and Storage of Palmitic acid:

Safe Storage:
Separated from bases, oxidants and reducing agents.

Storage Conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Storage class (TRGS 510): Non Combustible Solids

Accidental Release Measures of Palmitic acid:

Spillage Disposal:
Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.
If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

Cleanup Methods of Palmitic acid:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Avoid dust formation.
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.

Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Disposal Methods of Palmitic acid:
Recycle any unused portion of the material for Palmitic acid approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
Palmitic acid's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
If Palmitic acid is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.

Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

Preventive Measures of Palmitic acid:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Avoid dust formation.
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.

Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts.
The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs.

Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.
Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area.

Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to Palmitic acid point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.
Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent.
The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon Palmitic acid, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses.
However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye.

In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn.
In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Identifiers of Palmitic acid:
CAS Number: 57-10-3
ChEMBL: ChEMBL82293
ChemSpider: 960
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.284
IUPHAR/BPS: 1055
PubChem CID: 985
UNII: 2V16EO95H1
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2021602
InChI:MInChI=1S/C16H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)
Key: IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C16H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)
Key: IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYAJ
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O

Synonym(s): 1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid, C16:0, Cetylic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, NSC 5030, PamOH
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)14COOH
CAS Number: 57-10-3
Molecular Weight: 256.42
Beilstein: 607489
EC Number: 200-312-9
MDL number: MFCD00002747
PubChem Substance ID: 24898107
NACRES: NA.25

CAS number: 57-10-3
EC number: 200-312-9
Hill Formula: C₁₆H₃₂O₂
Chemical formula: CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COOH
Molar Mass: 256.43 g/mol
HS Code: 2915 70 40

Properties of Palmitic acid:
Chemical formula: C16H32O2
Molar mass: 256.430 g/mol
Appearance: White crystals
Density: 0.852 g/cm3 (25 °C)
0.8527 g/cm3 (62 °C)[3]
Melting point: 62.9 °C (145.2 °F; 336.0 K)
Boiling point: 351–352 °C (664–666 °F; 624–625 K)
271.5 °C (520.7 °F; 544.6 K), 100 mmHg
215 °C (419 °F; 488 K), 15 mmHg
Solubility in water: 4.6 mg/L (0 °C)
7.2 mg/L (20 °C)
8.3 mg/L (30 °C)
10 mg/L (45 °C)
12 mg/L (60 °C)
Solubility: Soluble in amyl acetate, alcohol, CCl4, C6H6
Very soluble in CHCl3
Solubility in ethanol: 2 g/100 mL (0 °C)
2.8 g/100 mL (10 °C)
9.2 g/100 mL (20 °C)
31.9 g/100 mL (40 °C)
Solubility in methyl acetate: 7.81 g/100 g
Solubility in ethyl acetate: 10.7 g/100 g
Vapor pressure: 0.051 mPa (25 °C)
1.08 kPa (200 °C)
28.06 kPa (300 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 4.75
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −198.6·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.43 (70 °C)
Viscosity: 7.8 cP (70 °C)

Boiling point: 271.4 °C (133 hPa)
Density: 0.852 g/cm3
Flash point: 113 °C
Melting Point: 60 - 65 °C
Vapor pressure: 13 hPa (210 °C)
Bulk density: 415 kg/m3

Vapor pressure: 10 mmHg ( 210 °C)
Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99%
Form: powder
bp: 271.5 °C/100 mmHg (lit.)
mp: 61-62.5 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.852 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Functional group: carboxylic acid
Shipped in: ambient
Storage temp.: room temp
SMILES string: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C16H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)
InChI key: IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 256.42
XLogP3: 6.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 14
Exact Mass: 256.240230259
Monoisotopic Mass: 256.240230259
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 18
Complexity: 178
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Palmitic acid:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 98.0 % (a/a)
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 62 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 64 °C
Identity (IR): passes test

Thermochemistry of Palmitic acid:
Heat capacity (C): 463.36 J/(mol·K)[6]
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 452.37 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −892 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): 10030.6 kJ/mol

Names of Palmitic Acid:

CAS names:
Hexadecanoic acid

IUPAC names:
Hexadecanoic acid
hexadecanoic acid
PALMITIC ACID
Palmitic Acid

Trade names:
CREMERAC
KORTACID 1698/1695/1690
MASCID 1680
MASCID 1698
PALMAC 80-16, Palmitic Acid 80% Min.
PALMAC 95-16, Palmitic Acid 95% Min.
PALMAC 98-16, Palmitic Acid 98% Min.
Palmata 1698
PALMERA A8016
PALMERA A9216
PALMERA A9516
PALMERA A9816
Palmitic Acid
RADIACID 0656
RADIACID 0657
RADIACID 0658
Tefacid Palmitic 92
Tefacid Palmitic 98

Preferred IUPAC names:
Hexadecanoic acid
C16:0 (Lipid numbers)

Other names:
Hexadecanoic acid
n-Hexadecoic acid
Palmitic acid
Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
Cetylic acid
Emersol 140
Emersol 143
Hexadecylic acid
Hydrofol
Hystrene 8016
Hystrene 9016
Industrene 4516
Glycon P-45
Prifac 2960
NSC 5030
Palmitinic acid
Kortacid 1695
60605-23-4
116860-99-2
212625-86-0
Hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid)
Hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid)

Synonyms of Palmitic acid:
palmitic acid
Hexadecanoic acid
57-10-3
Cetylic acid
palmitate
n-Hexadecanoic acid
Hexadecylic acid
Hydrofol
n-Hexadecoic acid
1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
Palmitinic acid
Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
hexadecanoate
hexaectylic acid
1-Hexyldecanoic Acid
hexadecoic acid
Industrene 4516
Emersol 140
Emersol 143
Hystrene 8016
Hystrene 9016
Palmitinsaeure
Palmitic acid, pure
FEMA No. 2832
Palmitic acid 95%
Kortacid 1698
Loxiol EP 278
Palmitic acid (natural)
Hydrofol Acid 1690
Prifac 2960
Pristerene 4934
Edenor C16
Lunac P 95KC
C16:0
Lunac P 95
Lunac P 98
Cetyl acid
HSDB 5001
AI3-01594
NSC 5030
Pristerene-4934
Palmitic acid (NF)
Glycon P-45
CHEBI:15756
NSC5030
Prifac-2960
NSC-5030
Hexadecanoic acid (9CI)
MFCD00002747
Palmitic acid (7CI,8CI)
CHEMBL82293
CH3-[CH2]14-COOH
IMEX C 1498
2V16EO95H1
n-hexadecoate
LMFA01010001
PA 900
67701-02-4
FA 16:0
FA 1695
1-hexyldecanoate
NCGC00164358-01
pentadecanecarboxylate
Hexadecanoic acid 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
C16H32O2
PLM
palmic acid
Hexadecanoate (n-C16:0)
CAS-57-10-3
CCRIS 5443
SR-01000944716
EINECS 200-312-9
Palmitic acid [USAN:NF]
BRN 0607489
palmitoate
Hexadecoate
Palmitinate
palmitic-acid
palmitoic acid
Hexadecanoicacid
Aethalic acid
UNII-2V16EO95H1
Hexadecanoic acid Palmitic acid
2hmb
2hnx
Palmitic acid_jeyam
Palmitic Acid, FCC
Kortacid 1695
Palmitic acid_RaGuSa
Univol U332
Prifrac 2960
Hexadecanoic acid anion
3v2q
Palmitic acid, >=99%
bmse000590
Epitope ID:141181
EC 200-312-9
CETYL ACID [VANDF]
PALMITIC ACID [II]
PALMITIC ACID [MI]
SCHEMBL6177
PALMITIC ACID [DSC]
PALMITIC ACID [FCC]
PALMITIC ACID [FHFI]
PALMITIC ACID [HSDB]
PALMITIC ACID [INCI]
PALMITIC ACID [USAN]
4-02-00-01157 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
FAT
WLN: QV15
P5585_SIGMA
PALMITIC ACID [VANDF]
PALMITIC ACID [MART.]
GTPL1055
QSPL 166
PALMITIC ACID [USP-RS]
PALMITIC ACID [WHO-DD]
(1(1)(3)C)hexadecanoic acid
DTXSID2021602
1b56
HMS3649N08
Palmitic acid, analytical standard
Palmitic acid, BioXtra, >=99%
Palmitic acid, Grade II, ~95%
HY-N0830
Palmitic acid, natural, 98%, FG
ZINC6072466
Tox21_112105
Tox21_201671
Tox21_302966
AC9381
BBL011563
BDBM50152850
PALMITIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH]
s3794
STL146733
EDENOR C 16-98-100
Palmitic acid, >=95%, FCC, FG
AKOS005720983
Tox21_112105_1
CCG-267027
CR-0047
DB03796
Palmitic acid, for synthesis, 98.0%
SURFAXIN COMPONENT PALMITIC ACID
NCGC00164358-02
NCGC00164358-03
NCGC00256424-01
NCGC00259220-01
BP-27917
LUCINACTANT COMPONENT PALMITIC ACID
Palmitic acid, purum, >=98.0% (GC)
SY006518
CS-0009861
FT-0626965
FT-0772579
P0002
P1145
Palmitic acid, SAJ first grade, >=95.0%
EN300-19603
A14813
C00249
D05341
Palmitic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Palmitic acid, >=98% palmitic acid basis (GC)
A831313
HEXADECANOIC ACID-13C16 (ALGAL SOURCE) (
Q209727
SR-01000944716-1
SR-01000944716-2
BA71C79B-C9B1-451A-A5BE-B480B5CC7D0C
PALMITIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SPIRULINA) [DSC]
F0001-1488
Z104474418
PALMITIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO) [DSC]
Palmitic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Palmitic acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Palmitic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Palmitic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Sodium Palmitate, Palmitic acid sodium salt, Sodium hexadecanoate, Sodium pentadecanecarboxylate, HSDB 759

cas no 57-10-3 n-Hexadecoic acid; Pentadecanecarboxylic acid; n-Hexadecanoic acid; 1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid; Cetylic acid; Hexadecylic acid; C16:0; Cetylic acid; Hexadecanoic acid; NSC 5030; PamOH;

palmitic acid; n-Hexadecoic acid; Pentadecanecarboxylic acid; n-Hexadecanoic acid; 1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid; Cetylic acid; Hexadecylic acid; cas no: 57-10-3

Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 16-carbon backbone.


CAS Number: 57-10-3
EC Number: 200-312-9
Chemical formula: C16H32O2


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has a role as an EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite and an algal metabolite.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a long-chain fatty acid and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a conjugate acid of a hexadecanoate.
A common saturated fatty acid, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), is found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 16-carbon backbone.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is found naturally in palm oil and palm kernel oil, as well as in butter, cheese, milk and meat.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals and plants, a saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) occurs in the form of esters (glycerides) in oils and fats of vegetable and animal origin and is usually obtained from palm oil, which is widely distributed in plants.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is used in determination of water hardness and is an active ingredient of *Levovist*TM, used in echo enhancement in sonographic Doppler B-mode imaging and as an ultrasound contrast medium.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a fatty acid with a 16-carbon chain.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid)'s chemical formula is CH3(CH2)14COOH, and its C:D (the total number of carbon atoms to the number of carbon–carbon double bonds) is 16:0.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil), making up to 44% of total fats.
Meats, cheeses, butter, and other dairy products also contain Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), amounting to 50–60% of total fats.
Palmitates are the salts and esters of palmitic acid.


The palmitate anion is the observed form of palmitic acid at physiologic pH (7.4).
Major sources of C16:0 are palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, and milk fat.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals, plants, and microorganisms.


As its name indicates, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil).
Excess carbohydrates in the body are converted to Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid).
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and is the precursor to longer fatty acids.


As a consequence, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a major body component of animals.
In humans, one analysis found Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) to make up 21–30% (molar) of human depot fat, and it is a major, but highly variable, lipid component of human breast milk.


To this end, palm oil, rendered from palm tree (species Elaeis guineensis), is treated with sodium hydroxide (in the form of caustic soda or lye), which causes hydrolysis of the ester groups, yielding glycerol and sodium palmitate.
Aluminium salts of Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) and naphthenic acid were combined during World War II to produce napalm.


The word "napalm" is derived from the words naphthenic acid and Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid).
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is also used in the determination of water hardness and is a surfactant of Levovist, an intravenous ultrasonic contrast agent.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a saturated long-chain fatty acid (LCFA), a term for fatty acids containing 13 to 21 carbons.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) contains 16 carbons.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is found in most fats and oils, such as soybean oil.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) can also be found naturally in plants and animals and created in laboratories.
Additionally, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) can be found in foods such as palm oil, butter, meat, milk, and cheese.
Soybean oil is commonly found throughout human food and has many other applications as well.


One part of soybean oil is Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid).
Many think that lowering the palmitic acid in soybean oil would reduce the fatty acid in the oil and increase the oil’s quality, making it better for humans to eat.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) structure contains a 16-carbon backbone.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) molecular formula contains C16H32O2, which is 16 carbon, 32 hydrogens, and 2 oxygen.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has a molecular weight of 256.42.


The appearance of Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) can be in a dry powder form, liquid, or other solid material.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is often colorless with white crystalline scales.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has a slight distinctive odor and taste but otherwise is odorless.


When heated and decayed, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) gives off an acrid smoke.
As the first fatty acid to be produced during initial fatty acid synthesis, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a primary part of an animal’s body.
Additionally, in humans, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has been seen to make up 21% to 30% of human depository fat.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) can be found in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (spinal tap fluid), feces, saliva, sweat, and urine, and also in tissues, including adipose tissue a.k.a. body fat, the bladder, skin, certain cells called fibroblasts, kidney, placenta, platelet, prostate, and skeletal muscle.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), also known as palmitate or C16, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids.


These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water and relatively neutral.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals, plants, and microorganisms.


As its name indicates, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil).
In humans and other mammals, excess carbohydrates in the body are converted to Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid).
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and is the precursor to longer fatty acids.


As a consequence, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a major lipid component of animals.
In humans, one analysis found Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) to make up 21–30% (molar) of human depot fat (PMID: 13756126), and it is a major, but highly variable, lipid component of human breast milk (PMID: 352132).


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as sea-buckthornberries, avocado, star fruits, babassu palms, and acerola.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids.


These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is available in liquid or solid (bead or flake) forms.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has a light odor and a white or pale appearance, and it can last for up two years when stored according to instructions in the product MSDS (one year in its liquid form).


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), also known as C16 or hexadecanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a naturally occurring fatty acid found in animal and plant lipids.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a white glossy solid and a major component of the oil derived from palm kernels.
This saturated fatty acid, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), occurs naturally in the fats of many animals, plants and microorganisms; and can also be found in butter, cheese, milk, meat, sunflower oil and soybean oil.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is the first fatty acid produced during lipogenesis (fatty acid synthesis) and from which longer fatty acids can be produced.


Palmitate negatively feeds back on acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) which is responsible for converting acetyl-ACP to malonyl-ACP on the growing acyl chain, thus preventing further palmitate generation
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a saturated fatty acid that targets proteins to cell membranes


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), a 16 carbon saturated fatty acid, has been reported to target proteins to cell membranes.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has been found to promote triglyceride accumulation and also affect cell viability.
Triglyceride accumulation in goose hepatocytes shows the ability to induce apoptosis.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a saturated fatty acid used in hair care, cosmetics, soaps, paint, rubber, food, pharmaceuticals, animal feed and textiles.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals and plants, a saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is one of the most common 16 carbon saturated fatty acids found in animals and plants.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) occurs as the glyceryl ester in many oils and fats.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has been reported to target proteins to cell membranes.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), also known as palmitate or C16, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water and relatively neutral.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals, plants, and microorganisms.
As its name indicates, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil).
In humans and other mammals, excess carbohydrates in the body are converted to palmitic acid.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and is the precursor to longer fatty acids.
As a consequence, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a major lipid component of animals.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as sea-buckthornberries, avocado, star fruits, babassu palms, and acerola.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
Cosmetic Uses of Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid):skin conditioning - emollient and surfactant - emulsifying.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), as the name implies, is a fatty acid present in palm oil.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) can also be derived from many other plant and vegetable sources — in fact, it is the most commonly occurring natural fatty acid in the world.


As a result of this ubiquity, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has a wide range of uses in manufacturing and other applications.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is inexpensive and easy to produce, making it an excellent choice for many industrial applications.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is used in the production of soaps, detergents and cosmetics as an emulsifier.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is also a texturing agent for foods, a waxy cover for fruits and vegetables, and a source of anionic and nonionic surfactants and esters.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) can be further refined or combined with other chemical agents to produce isopropyl palmitate, cetyl alcohol and other additives.


Personal Care uses of Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid): Emulsifier for Facial Creams and Lotions, often used in Shaving Cream Formulations.
Waxes uses of Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid): Fruit Wax Formulations.
Surfactants and Esters uses of Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid): Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants.


Food and Beverage uses of Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid): Raw Material for Emulsifiers.
Soaps and Detergents uses of Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid): Intermediate.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is commonly used in personal care products and cosmetics.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is used to produce soaps, cosmetics, and industrial mould release agents.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) can promote smooth skin, so it’s found in many soaps.
Additionally, the popular ingredient beeswax, often found in personal care items, also houses Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid).


Cosmetic-wise, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) can be found in makeup used to hide imperfections such as pimples and blackheads.
Another common use for Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is in cleaning products, typically surface-active agents, such as detergent.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is also used when making metallic palmitates, food-grade additives, and lube oils.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has several uses.
For example, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) can be used to test the hardness in water and is a part of the intravenous ultrasonic contrast agent Levovist, which is used during ultrasounds to detect certain diseases.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is used to produce soaps, cosmetics, and industrial mould release agents.
These applications use sodium palmitate, which is commonly obtained by saponification of palm oil.
To this end, palm oil triglycerides, rendered from palm trees (species Elaeis guineensis), are treated with sodium hydroxide (in the form of caustic soda or lye), which causes hydrolysis of the ester groups, yielding glycerol and sodium palmitate.


Aluminium salts of Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) and naphthenic acid were combined during World War II to produce napalm.
The word "napalm" is derived from the word’s naphthenic acid and Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid).
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is also used in the determination of water hardness and is a surfactant of Levovist, an intravenous ultrasonic contrast agent.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) can be used in the production of soaps and other personal care products.
Its surfactant properties make it an effective cleanser, while Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) also has emollient applications in skincare, helping soften skin and retain moisture.


This high purity fatty acid, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), is ideal as a standard and for biological studies.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is considered the most abundant saturated fatty acid in nature comprising 20-30% of the lipids in many animal tissues.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has been found to cause reduced insulin activity due to its mediation of PKC-
activation in the central nervous system.


During the metabolism of Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) it is converted to the omegahydroxy hexadecanoic acid and then to the dicarboxylic hexadecanedioc acid.
Long chain fatty acids have been found to inhibit the double-stranded DNA binding activity of p53 DNA binding domain suggesting that fatty acids in the cell membrane might regulate the activity of p53 for cell division, cell-cycle checkpoint, and tumor suppression.


Saturated fatty acids, such as Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), induce apoptosis in beta-cells which can lead to the development of diabetes.
Long chain fatty acids acylated to sphingolipids are critical in many biological functions and substantial amounts are found to be amide-linked to the long-chain sphingoid base sphinganine, forming a ceramide, which constitutes the lipid backbone of sphingomyelin and other sphingolipids.


Long chain fatty acids can often be found in esterified linkages with cholesterol, gangliosides, galactocerebrosides, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylcholine.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a fatty used as a food additive and emollient or surfactant in cosmetics.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), also known as palmic acid, is a fatty acid found in plants, animals, and microorganisms and is primarily used to produce cosmetics, soaps, and release agents.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has been used to synthesize Musk R1, 10-hydroxy-2-decylenic acid (queen acid), as the intermediates of new drug for resistance to senile dementia -idebenone, and other medicine ,etc.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has been used as the sebaceous secrete inhibitor in cosmetics.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) can be also used in electric industry.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) in IUPAC nomenclature, is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is used as a thickening agent of napalm used in military actions.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is used to produce soaps, cosmetics, and industrial mould release agents.
These applications use sodium palmitate, which is commonly obtained by saponification of palm oil.


To this end, palm oil triglycerides, rendered from palm trees (species Elaeis guineensis), are treated with sodium hydroxide (in the form of caustic soda or lye), which causes hydrolysis of the ester groups, yielding glycerol and sodium palmitate.
Aluminium salts of palmitic acid and naphthenic acid were combined during World War II to produce napalm.


The word "napalm" is derived from the word’s naphthenic acid and palmitic acid.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is also used in the determination of water hardness and is a surfactant of Levovist, an intravenous ultrasonic contrast agent.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a saturated fatty acid used in hair care, cosmetics, soaps, paint, rubber, food, pharmaceuticals, animal feed and textiles.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is used to prepare sodium palmitate which is a natural additive in organic products.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is involved in the preparation of cetyl alcohol utilized in the preparation of detergents and cosmetics.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is used to prepare sodium palmitate which is a natural additive in organic products.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is involved in the preparation of cetyl alcohol utilized in the preparation of detergents and cosmetics.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a saturated fatty acid that is found in many animal and vegetable fats.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has been used as a model system for studying the effects of salt on enzyme activity, specifically in the murine sarcoma virus.


Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has also been shown to have significant cytotoxicity at low concentrations due to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis, which may be due to receptor activity or phase transition temperature.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) has been shown to have bioactive properties that include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as well as the ability to protect against reactive oxygen species and apoptosis.



BIOLOGICAL SOURCES OF PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) occurs in the form of esters (glycerides) in oils and fats of vegetable and animal origin.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) usually obtained from palm oil.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is widely distributed in plants.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is used in determination of water hardness.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
*Straight chain fatty acids
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
*Long-chain fatty acid
*Straight chain fatty acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



SOLUBILITY OF PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is soluble in hot alcohol, acetone, benzene, ethyl ether, amyl acetate, propyl alcohol and chloroform. Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is slightly soluble in cold alcohol and petroleum ether. Insoluble in water.



BIOCHEMISTRY OF PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and is the precursor to longer fatty acids.
As a consequence, Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is a major body component of animals.
In humans, one analysis found Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) to make up 21–30% (molar) of human depot fat, and it is a major, but highly variable, lipid component of human breast milk.

Palmitate negatively feeds back on acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which is responsible for converting acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, which in turn is used to add to the growing acyl chain, thus preventing further palmitate generation.
Some proteins are modified by the addition of a palmitoyl group in a process known as palmitoylation.
Palmitoylation is important for localisation of many membrane proteins.



OCCURRENCE AND PRODUCTION OF PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) was discovered by Edmond Frémy in 1840, in saponified palm oil.
This remains the primary industrial route for its production, with the triglycerides (fats) in palm oil being hydrolysed by high-temperature water, and the resulting mixture fractionally distilled.



DIETARY SOURCES OF PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is produced by a wide range of other plants and organisms, typically at low levels.
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is present in butter, cheese, milk, and meat, as well as cocoa butter, olive oil, soybean oil, and sunflower oil.
Karukas contain 44.90% Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid).
The cetyl ester of Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), cetyl palmitate, occurs in spermaceti.



MILITARY OF PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
Aluminium salts of Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) and naphthenic acid were the gelling agents used with volatile petrochemicals during World War II to produce napalm.
The word "napalm" is derived from the words naphthenic acid and Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid).



RESEARCH OF PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
It is well accepted in the medical community that Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) from dietary sources raises low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol.
The World Health Organization have stated there is convincing evidence that Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) increases cardiovascular disease risk.
A 2021 review indicated that replacing dietary Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) and other saturated fatty acids with unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid, could reduce several biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
Chemical formula: C16H32O2
Molar mass: 256.430 g/mol
Appearance: White crystals
Density: 0.852 g/cm3 (25 °C)
0.8527 g/cm3 (62 °C)
Melting point: 62.9 °C (145.2 °F; 336.0 K)
Boiling point: 351–352 °C (664–666 °F; 624–625 K)
271.5 °C (520.7 °F; 544.6 K), 100 mmHg
215 °C (419 °F; 488 K), 15 mmHg
Solubility in water: 4.6 mg/L (0 °C)
7.2 mg/L (20 °C)
8.3 mg/L (30 °C)
10 mg/L (45 °C)
12 mg/L (60 °C)

Solubility: Soluble in amyl acetate, alcohol, CCl4,C6H6
Very soluble in CHCl3
Solubility in ethanol 2 g/100 mL (0 °C)
2.8 g/100 mL (10 °C)
9.2 g/100 mL (20 °C)
31.9 g/100 mL (40 °C)
Solubility in methyl acetate: 7.81 g/100 g
Solubility in ethyl acetate: 10.7 g/100 g
Vapor pressure: 0.051 mPa (25 °C)
1.08 kPa (200 °C)
28.06 kPa (300 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 4.75
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −198.6·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.43 (70 °C)

Viscosity: 7.8 cP (70 °C)
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C): 463.36 J/(mol·K)
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 452.37 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −892 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): 10030.6 kJ/mol
Molecular Weight: 256.42 g/mol
XLogP3: 6.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 14
Exact Mass: 256.240230259 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 256.240230259 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3Ų

Heavy Atom Count: 18
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity:178
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: solid
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 60 - 65 °C

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 271,5 °C at 133 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 113 °C
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 7,8 mPa.s at 70 °C
Water solubility: 0,00005 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: log Pow: 7,17

Vapor pressure: 13 hPa at 210 °C
Density: 0,852 g/cm3 at 62 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Bulk density: 415 kg/m3
Surface tension: 28,2 mN/m at 70 °C
Chemical Formula: C16H32O2
Average Molecular Weight: 256.4241
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 256.240230268
IUPAC Name: hexadecanoic acid

Traditional Name: palmitic acid
CAS Registry Number: 57-10-3
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C16H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)
InChI Key: IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Melting Point: 61.8 °C Not Available
Boiling Point: Not Available Not Available
Water Solubility: 4.0e-05 mg/mL Not Available
LogP: 7.17
Melting Point: 61-62.5 °C(lit.)
Boiling Point: 340.6±5.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 154.1±12.5 °C
Molecular Formula: C16H32O2
Molecular Weight: 256.424

Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
Appearance: white to pale yellow crystalline solid (est)
Assay: 96.00 to 100.00
Water Content: <0.20%
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Melting Point: 61.00 to 64.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 204.00 to 220.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Congealing Point: 53.30 to 62.00 °C.
Saponification Value: 205.00 to 221.00
Unsaponifiable Matter: <1.50%
Vapor Pressure: 10.000000 mmHg @ 210.00 °C.
Flash Point: 238.00 °F. TCC ( 114.44 °C. )
logP (o/w): 7.170

Soluble in:alcohol, chloroform, ether
water, 0.04 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
CAS number: 57-10-3
EC number: 200-312-9
Hill Formula: C₁₆H₃₂O₂
Chemical formula: CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COOH
Molar Mass: 256.43 g/mol
HS Code: 2915 70 11
Boiling point: 271.4 °C (133 hPa)
Density: 0.852 g/cm3
Flash point: 113 °C
Melting Point: 60 - 65 °C
Vapor pressure: 13 hPa (210 °C)

Bulk density: 415 kg/m3
Water Solubility: 0.00041 g/L
logP: 7.23
logP: 6.26
logS: -5.8
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 4.95
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 14
Refractivity: 77.08 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 34.36 ų
Number of Rings: 0

Bioavailability: No
Rule of Five: No
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C16H32O2
IUPAC name: hexadecanoic acid
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C16H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)
InChI Key: IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
Average Molecular Weight: 256.4241
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 256.240230268
CAS number: 57-10-3
Weight Average: 256.4241

Monoisotopic: 256.240230268
InChI Key: IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C16H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)
IUPAC Name: hexadecanoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name: palmitic acid
Chemical Formula: C16H32O2
SMILES: [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H]
ΔcH°liquid: [-10028.60; -9977.20] kJ/mol
ΔcH°solid: -9977.60 ± 8.80 kJ/mol
ΔfG°: -181.90 kJ/mol
ΔfH°gas: -730.00 ± 5.50 kJ/mol
ΔfH°liquid: -848.40 ± 2.20 kJ/mol
ΔfusH°: [52.55; 53.50] kJ/mol
ΔsubH°: 194.00 ± 11.00 kJ/mol
ΔvapH°: 74.64 kJ/mol
log10WS: -6.81
logPoct/wat: 5.552
McVol: 243.740 ml/mol

Pc: 1468.41 ± 85.00 kPa
Ptriple: 8.27e-06 ± 4.00e-06 kPa
Inp: [321.57; 2010.00]
I: [2871.00; 2954.00]
S°solid,1 bar: [438.65; 543.50] J/mol×K
Tboil: 612.15 ± 6.00 K
Tc: 785.22 ± 3.00 K
Tfus: [334.85; 337.22] K
Ttriple: [335.05; 336.25] K
Cp,gas: [719.80; 805.28] J/mol×K [711.53; 880.17]
Cp,solid: [448.00; 678.00] J/mol×K [292.50; 373.00]
η: [0.0000353; 0.0035737] Pa×s [380.83; 711.53]
ΔfusH: [47.00; 54.94] kJ/mol [332.70; 336.50]
ΔsubH: [134.00; 154.40] kJ/mol [288.00; 326.50]
ΔvapH: [90.10; 121.60] kJ/mol [298.00; 532.50]
Pvap: [1.33; 9.33] kPa [483.30; 533.40]
ΔfusS: [163.50; 163.50] J/mol×K [335.73; 336.00]



FIRST AID MEASURES of PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
-Environmental precautions:
No special precautionary measures necessary.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
none



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special precautionary measures necessary



HANDLING and STORAGE of PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PALMITIC ACID (HEXADECANOIC ACID):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
Strong heating.
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Palmitic Acid, Hexadecanoic Acid
Hexadecanoic acid
Palmitic acid
C16:0 (Lipid numbers)
palmitic acid
Hexadecanoic acid
57-10-3
Cetylic acid
palmitate
n-Hexadecanoic acid
Hexadecylic acid
Hydrofol
n-Hexadecoic acid
1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
Palmitinic acid
hexaectylic acid
Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
hexadecoic acid
1-Hexyldecanoic Acid
Industrene 4516
Emersol 140
Emersol 143
Hystrene 8016
Hystrene 9016
Palmitinsaeure
Palmitic acid, pure
Palmitic acid 95%
Kortacid 1698
FEMA No. 2832
Loxiol EP 278
Palmitic acid (natural)
Hydrofol Acid 1690
Cetyl acid
Prifac 2960
C16:0
HSDB 5001
Pristerene 4934
Pristerene-4934
Edenor C16
NSC 5030
AI3-01594
Lunac P 95KC
Lunac P 95
Lunac P 98
CCRIS 5443
Prifac-2960
CHEBI:15756
NSC5030
NSC-5030
EINECS 200-312-9
UNII-2V16EO95H1
FA 16:0
BRN 0607489
Palmitic acid (NF)
DTXSID2021602
Glycon P-45
IMEX C 1498
2V16EO95H1
Hexadecanoic acid (9CI)
MFCD00002747
Palmitic acid (7CI,8CI)
CHEMBL82293
DTXCID101602
CH3-[CH2]14-COOH
EC 200-312-9
4-02-00-01157 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
n-hexadecoate
LMFA01010001
PA 900
EDENOR C 16-98-100
67701-02-4
FA 1695
SURFAXIN COMPONENT PALMITIC ACID
1-hexyldecanoate
NCGC00164358-01
LUCINACTANT COMPONENT PALMITIC ACID
pentadecanecarboxylate
Hexadecanoic acid 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
HEXADECANOIC-11,11,12,12-D4 ACID
PALMITIC ACID (II)
PALMITIC ACID [II]
PALMITIC ACID (MART.)
PALMITIC ACID [MART.]
CH3-(CH2)14-COOH
Palmitic acid
Hexadecanoic acid
PLM
palmic acid
Hexadecanoate (n-C16:0)
PALMITIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH)
PALMITIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH]
Acid, Palmitic
CAS-57-10-3
Acid, Hexadecanoic
SR-01000944716
Palmitic acid [USAN:NF]
palmitoate
Hexadecoate
Palmitinate
Palmitinsaure
palmitic-acid
palmitoic acid
Hexadecanoicacid
Aethalic acid
Hexadecanoic acid Palmitic acid
2hmb
2hnx
Palmitic acid_jeyam
n-Hexadecyclic Acid
fatty acid 16:0
Palmitic Acid, FCC
Kortacid 1695
Palmitic acid_RaGuSa
Univol U332
1219802-61-5
Prifrac 2960
Hexadecanoic acid anion
Hexadecanoic--d5 Acid
3v2q
Palmitic acid, >=99%
bmse000590
Epitope ID:141181
CETYL ACID [VANDF]
PALMITIC ACID [MI]
SCHEMBL6177
PALMITIC ACID [DSC]
PALMITIC ACID [FCC]
PALMITIC ACID [FHFI]
PALMITIC ACID [HSDB]
PALMITIC ACID [INCI]
PALMITIC ACID [USAN]
FAT
WLN: QV15
P5585_SIGMA
PALMITIC ACID [VANDF]
GTPL1055
QSPL 166
PALMITIC ACID [USP-RS]
PALMITIC ACID [WHO-DD]
(1(1)(3)C)hexadecanoic acid
1b56
HMS3649N08
Palmitic acid, analytical standard
Palmitic acid, BioXtra, >=99%
Palmitic acid, Grade II, ~95%
HY-N0830
Palmitic acid, natural, 98%, FG
Tox21_112105
Tox21_201671
Tox21_302966
AC9381
BDBM50152850
s3794
Palmitic acid, >=95%, FCC, FG
AKOS005720983
Tox21_112105_1
CCG-267027
CR-0047
DB03796
Palmitic acid, for synthesis, 98.0%
NCGC00164358-02
NCGC00164358-03
NCGC00256424-01
NCGC00259220-01
BP-27917
Palmitic acid, purum, >=98.0% (GC)
SY006518
CS-0009861
FT-0626965
FT-0772579
P0002
P1145
Palmitic acid, SAJ first grade, >=95.0%
EN300-19603
C00249
D05341
Palmitic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
PALMITIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SPIRULINA)
Palmitic acid, >=98% palmitic acid basis (GC)
A831313
Q209727
PALMITIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF FLAX SEED OIL)
PALMITIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO)
SR-01000944716-1
SR-01000944716-2
BA71C79B-C9B1-451A-A5BE-B480B5CC7D0C
PALMITIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF BORAGE SEED OIL)
PALMITIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SPIRULINA) [DSC]
F0001-1488
Z104474418
PALMITIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF EVENING PRIMROSE OIL)
PALMITIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO) [DSC]
Palmitic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Palmitic acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Palmitic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Palmitic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Sodium Palmitate
Palmitic acid sodium salt
Sodium hexadecanoate
Sodium pentadecanecarboxylate
HSDB 759
n-Hexadecanoic acid
Palmitic acid
1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
Cetostearic acid
Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
Palmitinic acid
(E)-[p-((1,2-Dihydroxypropyloxy)-p′-(propargyloxy)] azobenzene
Palmitates, Cetylic acid
NSC 5030
n-Hexadecoic acid
Hexadecanoic acid
n-Hexadecoic acid
Palmitic acid
Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
Cetylic acid
Emersol 140
Emersol 143
Hexadecylic acid
Hydrofol
Hystrene 8016
Hystrene 9016
Industrene 4516
Glycon P-45
Prifac 2960
NSC 5030
Palmitinic acid
Kortacid 1695
60605-23-4
116860-99-2
212625-86-0
Hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid)
Hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid)
1-Hexyldecanoic acid
1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
16:00
C16
C16 Fatty acid
C16:0
Cetylic acid
CH3-[CH2]14-COOH
FA 16:0
Hexadecanoate
Hexadecoic acid
Hexadecylic acid
Hexaectylic acid
N-Hexadecanoic acid
N-Hexadecoic acid
Palmitate
Palmitinic acid
Palmitinsaeure
Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
1-Hexyldecanoate
1-Pentadecanecarboxylate
Cetylate
Hexadecanoic acid
Hexadecoate
Hexadecylate
Hexaectylate
N-Hexadecanoate
N-Hexadecoate
Palmitinate
Pentadecanecarboxylate
Edenor C16
Emersol 140
Emersol 143
Glycon p-45
Hexadecanoate (N-C16:0)
Hexadecanoic acid palmitic acid
Hydrofol
Hydrofol acid 1690
Hystrene 8016
Hystrene 9016
Industrene 4516
Kortacid 1698
Loxiol ep 278
Lunac p 95
Lunac p 95KC
Lunac p 98
Palmitoate
Palmitoic acid
PAM
PLM
Prifac 2960
Prifrac 2960
Pristerene 4934
Univol u332
Acid, hexadecanoic
Acid, palmitic
FA(16:0)
n-hexadecanoic acid
1-hexadecanoic acid
hexdecanoic acid
Hexadecanoic acid
MFCD00002747
EINECS 200-312-9
Neo-Fat 16
Palmitic acid
1-Hexyldecanoate
1-Hexyldecanoic acid
1-Pentadecanecarboxylate
1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
16:00
Acid, hexadecanoic
Acid, palmitic
Aethalic acid
C16
C16 Fatty acid
C16 fatty acid
C16:0
Cetylate
Cetylic acid
CH3-[CH2]14-COOH
Edenor C16
Emersol 140
Emersol 143
FA 16:0
FA(16:0)
FEMA 2832
Glycon p-45
Glycon P-45
Hexadecanoate
Hexadecanoate (N-C16:0)
Hexadecanoic acid
Hexadecanoic acid (9CI)
Hexadecanoic acid palmitic acid
Hexadecoate
Hexadecoic acid
Hexadecylate
Hexadecylic acid
Hexaectylate
Hexaectylic acid
Hydrofol
Hydrofol acid 1690
Hystrene 8016
Hystrene 9016
Industrene 4516
Kortacid 1698
Loxiol ep 278
Lunac p 95
Lunac P 95
Lunac p 95KC
Lunac P 95kc
Lunac p 98
Lunac P 98
N-Hexadecanoate
N-Hexadecanoic acid
N-Hexadecoate
N-Hexadecoic acid
Palmitate
Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid, USAN
Palmitinate
Palmitinic acid
Palmitinsaeure
Palmitoate
Palmitoic acid
PAM
1-hexyldecanoate
1-hexyldecanoic acid
1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
C16 fatty acid
Cetylic acid
Coconut oil fatty acids
Edenor C16
Hexadecanoate
Hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid
Hexadecanoic acid
Hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid)
Hexadecanoic acid palmitic acid
Hexadecoate
Hexadecoic acid
Hexadecylic acid
Hexaectylic acid
Hydrofol
n-Hexadecanoate
n-Hexadecanoic acid
n-Hexadecoate
n-Hexadecoic acid
Palmitate
palmitic acid
Palmitinate
Palmitinic acid
Palmitinsaeure
palmitoate
palmitoic acid
PAM
Pentadecanecarboxylate
Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
PLM
16:00
C16
C16:0
CH3-[CH2]14-COOH
FA 16:0
1-Pentadecanecarboxylate
Cetylate
Hexadecylate
Hexaectylate
Emersol 140
Emersol 143
Glycon p-45
Hexadecanoate (N-C16:0)
Hydrofol acid 1690
Hystrene 8016
Hystrene 9016
Industrene 4516
Kortacid 1698
Loxiol ep 278
Lunac p 95
Lunac p 95KC
Lunac p 98
Prifac 2960
Prifrac 2960
Pristerene 4934
Univol u332
Acid, hexadecanoic
Acid, palmitic
FA(16:0)
C16H32O2
Hexadecanoic Acid
Cetylic Acid
Palmitate
n-Hexadecanoic Acid
Hexadecanoic Acid Palmitic Acid
1 Pentadecanecarboxylic Acid
Pentadecanecarboxylic Acid
1 Pentadecanecarboxylate
Hexadecanoate (N C16:0)
Pentadecanecarboxylate
1 Hexyldecanoic Acid
N Hexadecanoic Acid
Hydrofol Acid 1690
Acid, Hexadecanoic
16:00
N Hexadecoic Acid
Hexadecanoic Acid
Ch3 [Ch2]14 Cooh
Hexadecylic Acid
Hexaectylic Acid
1 Hexyldecanoate
Hexadecoic Acid
Palmitinic Acid
N Hexadecanoate
Industrene 4516
Pristerene 4934
C16 Fatty Acid
Palmitinsaeure
Palmitoic Acid
Acid, Palmitic
Hexadecanoate
N Hexadecoate
Hystrene 8016
Hystrene 9016
Kortacid 1698
Loxiol Ep 278
Cetylic Acid
Hexadecylate
Hexaectylate
Lunac P 95 Kc
Prifrac 2960
Hexadecoate
Palmitinate
Emersol 140
Emersol 143
Glycon P 45
Prifac 2960
Univol U332
Edenor C16
Lunac P 95
Lunac P 98
Palmitoate
Palmitate
Cetylate
Hydrofol
Fa(16:0)
C16:0
C16
Pam
Plm

cas no 112-39-0 Methyl palmitate 99% ; n-Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester; Methyl hexadecanoate; (C16-18) And C18 Unsaturated Alkylcarboxylic Acid; Methyl hexadecanoate; Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; Methyl n-hexadecanoate;

cas no 540-10-3 Hexadecanoic Acid, Hexadecyl Ester; Palmityl palmitate; n-Hexadecyl Hexadecanoate; Hexadecyl Palmitate; Palmitic Acid, n-hexadecyl Ester; Cetyl Palmitate;

PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-1, N° CAS : 147732-56-7. Nom INCI : PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-1. Nom chimique : L-Lysine, N-(1-oxohexadecyl)glycyl-L-histidyl-. N° EINECS/ELINCS : Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

N° CAS : 142-91-6 - Palmitate d’isopropyle, Hexadecanoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester; Hexadecanoic acid; 1-methylethyl ester Isopropyl Palmitate; CAS 142-91-6; Hexadecansäure-1-methylethylester, propan-2-yl hexadecanoateNom INCI : ISOPROPYL PALMITATE, Nom chimique : Isopropyl palmitate, Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau; Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit; Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques. Isopropyl palmitate. Le palmitate d'isopropyle est l' ester de l' alcool isopropylique et l' acide palmitique . Il est un émollient , hydratant , un agent épaississant et un agent anti-statique . La formule chimique est un groupe CH 3 (CH 2 ) 14 COOCH (CH 3 ). Propan-2-yl hexadécanoate. Autres noms: Isopropyl hexadecanoatel;l'ester isopropylique de l'acide hexadécanoïque;l'acide hexadécanoïque;ester 1-méthyléthyl;izopropilpalmitat, izopropil palmitat

PALMITAMIDOPROPYLTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE is classified as : Antistatic. Hair conditioning; CAS Number 51277-96-4; EINECS 257-104-6; Chem/IUPAC Name: 1-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[(1-oxohexadecyl)amino]-, chloride; PALMITAMIDOPROPYLTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE is an outstanding conditioning agent with excellent antistatic properties for clear formulations. Completely soluble in shampoo formulations. Provides a thickening effect. PALMITAMIDOPROPYLTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE is biodegradable, vegetable based and contains 1,2-propylene glycol. It provides good thickening in formulations and it is Compatible with anionic, amphoteric and non-ionic surfactants. It is suitable for formulating clear high viscous systems and mild to skin and hair. Applications include clear conditioning shampoos, conditioning body washes and gels, hair conditioners and clear liquid hand soaps. Reduces hair dye fading when used in a shampoo Improves the performance of conditioning shampoos Easy handling (dilutable in cold water) Vegetable based Conditioning N° CAS : 51277-96-4 Origine(s) : Synthétique Nom INCI : PALMITAMIDOPROPYLTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE Nom chimique : 1-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[(1-oxohexadecyl)amino]-, chloride N° EINECS/ELINCS : 257-104-6 Classification : Ammonium quaternaire Ses fonctions (INCI) Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Item Number:170501CAS Number:51277-96-4Formula:C22H47ClN2O APPEARANCE Light yellow creamy paste DESCRIPTION Is an outstanding conditioning agent with excellent antistatic properties. It is suitable for clear formulas and provides a thickening effect. FUNCTION Is used as an antistatic in cosmetics and in hair conditioners. SYNONYMS Varisoft PATC; Palmitamidopropyltrimonium Chloride Solution; (Hexadecylamidopropyl) Trimethylammonium Chloride; N,N,N-Trimethyl-3-(palmitoylamino)propane-1-aminiumúchloride STORAGE Store in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry place.

Palmitate d’octyle,synonyme : Octyl palmitate, ethylhexyl palmitate,Cas : 29806-73-3, EC : 249-862-1, Le palmitate d'éthylhexyle, palmitate de 2-éthylhexyle,Huile estérifiée,Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques, Palmitate de 2-ethylhexyl désodorisé / 2-ethylhexyl palmitate deodorized, Préparations cosmétiques, Autres appellations: Octyl palmitate | Ethyl hexyl palmitate | Ethylhexylpalmitate | Ethylhexyl palmitate

ASCORBYL PALMITATE, N° CAS : 137-66-6 - Palmitate d'ascorbyle,utres langues : Ascorbylpalmitat, Palmitato de ascorbilo, Palmitato di ascorbile, Nom INCI : ASCORBYL PALMITATE Nom chimique : 6-O-Palmitoylascorbic acid, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 205-305-4, Ses fonctions (INCI): Antioxydant : Inhibe les réactions favorisées par l'oxygène, évitant ainsi l'oxydation et la rancidité. Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit

CETYL PALMITATE, N° CAS : 540-10-3, Nom INCI : CETYL PALMITATE, Nom chimique : Hexadecyl hexadecanoate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 208-736-6, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Noms français : ESTER HEXADECYLIQUE DE L'ACIDE HEXADECANOIQUE; Palmitate d'hexadécyle; Palmitate de cétyle; PALMITIC ACID, HEXADECYL ESTER. Noms anglais : Cetyl palmitate; HEXADECYL PALMITATE; PALMITYL PALMITATE Utilisation: Agent dispersant. Hexadecyl palmitate; Palmitic acid, hexadecyl ester; hexadecyl hexadecanoate; Crodamol CP; Waglinol 24216; 1-Hexadecyl hexadecanoate 309-375-8 [EINECS] 540-10-3 [RN] CETYL PALMITATE Cetyl palmitate 15 Cetyl palmitate 95 Hexadecanoic acid hexadecyl ester Hexadecanoic acid, hexadecyl ester [ACD/Index Name] hexadecanyl hexadecanoate hexadecyl hexadecanoate Hexadecyl palmitate Hexadecylpalmitat [German] MFCD00053739 [MDL number] n-hexadecanyl palmitate n-Hexadecyl hexadecanoate Palmitate d'hexadécyle [French] PALMITIC ACID CETYL ESTER palmitic acid hexadecyl ester Palmitic acid palmityl ester palmitic acid, cetyl ester palmityl palmitate Ceryl palmitate CETEARYL OLIVATE CETEARYL PALMITATE Cetin CETYLPALMITATE Crodamol CP Cutina CP Hexadecanoic acid,hexadecyl ester Hexadecyl ester of hexadecanoic acid hexadecyl palmitate, ??? 97.0% Kessco 653 Myristyl stearate n-hexadecyl palmitate, 95% n-hexadecyl palmitate, 98% Palmitic acid, hexadecyl ester palmityl palmitate, 96% Precifac ATO Radia 7500 Rewowax CG Schercemol CP Standamul 1616 Starfol CP Waxenol 815 WE(16:0/16:0)

acide hexadécanoïque, Acide n-hexadécanoïque, Acide cétylique, Acide palmitique, No CAS: 57-10-3, EC / List no.: 200-312-9, Mol. formula: C16H32O2.1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid, C16 fatty acid, Cetylic acid, Emersol, Hexadecylic acid, Hydrofol, Hystrene, Industrene, n-Hexadecanoic acid, n-Hexadecoic acid, Palmitate, Palmitic acid, Palmitic acid (natural), Palmitic acid 95%, Palmitic acid, pure, Pentadecanecarboxylic acid

PANTHENYL ETHYL ETHER N° CAS : 667-83-4 Nom INCI : PANTHENYL ETHYL ETHER Nom chimique : (+)-N-(3-Ethoxypropyl)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyramide N° EINECS/ELINCS : 211-569-1 Ses fonctions (INCI) Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance

glycine, N-(1-oxohexadecyl)- 2-( hexadecanoylamino)acetic acid N- hexadecanoylglycine N-(1-oxo hexadecyl)glycine palmitoylglycine N- palmitoylglycine CAS Number 2441-41-0

(2S,3S)-2-( hexadecanoylamino)-3-methylpentanoic acid L-iso leucine, N-(1-oxohexadecyl)- N- palmitoyl-L-isoleucine voluform CAS Number 54617-29-7

4-Aminophenol p-Hydroxyaniline; Paranol C.I.76550; 4-Amino-1-hydroxybenzene; Azol Certinal 4-Hydroxyaniline; 4-Aminobenzenol cas no :123-30-8

extract of the berries of the ginseng, panax ginseng, araliaceae; chinese ginseng berry extract; korean ginseng berry extract; panax schin-seng berry extract CAS NO:50647-08-0

panax notoginseng extract; ginseng extract ; notoginseng extract; extract of the ginseng, panax notoginseng, araliaceae CAS NO:94279-78-4

SYNONYMS (s-(r*,r*))--dihydro-6-hydroxy-1h-indol-1-yl)ethenyl)-3-dihydro; Betanin (Red Beet extract diluted with Dextrin); 4-(2-(2-carboxy-5-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-6- hydroxy-1H-indol-1-yl)ethenyl)-2,3-dihydro-(S-(R*,R*))-2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid; Beetroot Red; Red Beet extract diluted with Dextrin; Phytolaccanin; CAS NO:7659-95-2

food red; Trisodium (8Z)-7-oxo-8-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazinylidene]naphthalene-1,3-disulfonate cas no: 2611-82-7

P-ANISIC ACID p-Anisic acid p-Anisic acid[1] Skeletal formula of p-anisic acid Ball-and-stick model of the p-anisic acid molecule Names IUPAC name 4-Methoxybenzoic acid Other names Draconic acid Identifiers CAS Number 100-09-4 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:40813 ChEMBL ChEMBL21932 ChEMBL1762657 ChemSpider 10181338 ECHA InfoCard 100.002.562 PubChem CID 7478 Properties Chemical formula C8H8O3 Molar mass 152.149 g·mol−1 Density 1.385 g/cm3 Melting point 184 °C (363 °F; 457 K) (sublimation) Boiling point 275 to 280 °C (527 to 536 °F; 548 to 553 K) Solubility in water 1 part per 2500 Structure[2] Crystal structure monoclinic Space group P21/a Lattice constant a = 16.98 Å, b = 10.95 Å, c = 3.98 Å α = 90°, β = 98.7°, γ = 90° Formula units (Z) 4 Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references p-Anisic acid, also known as 4-methoxybenzoic acid or draconic acid, is one of the isomers of anisic acid. The term "anisic acid" often refers to this form specifically. It is a white crystalline solid which is insoluble in water, highly soluble in alcohols and soluble in ether, and ethyl acetate. Synthesis and occurrence p-Anisic acid is found naturally in anise. It is generally obtained by the oxidation of anethole or p-methoxyacetophenone. Uses p-Anisic acid has antiseptic properties. It is also used as an intermediate in the preparation of more complex organic compounds. Properties mp 182-185 °C (lit.) SMILES string COc1ccc(cc1)C(O)=O InChI 1S/C8H8O3/c1-11-7-4-2-6(3-5-7)8(9)10/h2-5H,1H3,(H,9,10) InChI key ZEYHEAKUIGZSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Description Biochem/physiol Actions Metabolite of aniracetam that mimics its anxiolytic actions. It is also an inhibitor of tyrosinase. p-Anisic Acid What: p-Anisic acid is found naturally in anise. p-Anisic Acid is a white crystalline solid which is insoluble in water and soluble in alcohols, ether, and ethyl acetate. p-Anisic acid has antiseptic properties and is used as a preservative in cosmetic products. Origin: p-Anisic acid is generally obtained by the oxidation of anethole, an aromatic compound that occurs in essential oils . Products Found In: Skincare, body care, hair care, sun protection products, anti-aging skincare. Alternative Names: P-Anisic Acid, 4-Anisic Acid, Benzoic Acid, 4-Methoxy-, Draconic Acid, 4-Methoxybenzoic Acid, P-Methoxybenzoic Acid, 4-Methoxy- Benzoic Acid, Benzoic Acid, 4methoxy, Benzoic Acid, 4-Methoxy- (9ci). Toxicity: p-Anisic Acid is generally classified as having a low toxicity rating (EWG). Molecular Weight of p-Anisic Acid: 152.15 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3 of p-Anisic Acid: 2 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of p-Anisic Acid: 1 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of p-Anisic Acid: 3 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of p-Anisic Acid: 2 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of p-Anisic Acid: 152.047344 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of p-Anisic Acid: 152.047344 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of p-Anisic Acid: 46.5 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of p-Anisic Acid: 11 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of p-Anisic Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of p-Anisic Acid: 136 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of p-Anisic Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of p-Anisic Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of p-Anisic Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of p-Anisic Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of p-Anisic Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of p-Anisic Acid: 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of p-Anisic Acid Is Canonicalized Yes Substance identity Help EC / List no.: 202-818-5 CAS no.: 100-09-4 Mol. formula: C8H8O3 formula Hazard classification & labelling Help According to the notifications provided by companies to ECHA in REACH registrations no hazards have been classified. About p-Anisic Acid Helpful information p-Anisic Acid has not been registered under the REACH Regulation, therefore as yet ECHA has not received any data about p-Anisic Acid from registration dossiers. p-Anisic Acid is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites. Consumer Uses p-Anisic Acid is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), perfumes and fragrances, pharmaceuticals and washing & cleaning products. Other release to the environment of p-Anisic Acid is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid. Article service life ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which p-Anisic Acid is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed. Widespread uses by professional workers p-Anisic Acid is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, perfumes and fragrances, pharmaceuticals and washing & cleaning products. p-Anisic Acid is used in the following areas: health services. Other release to the environment of p-Anisic Acid is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid. Formulation or re-packing p-Anisic Acid is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), perfumes and fragrances, pharmaceuticals and laboratory chemicals. Release to the environment of p-Anisic Acid can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures. Uses at industrial sites p-Anisic Acid is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), perfumes and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, washing & cleaning products and laboratory chemicals. p-Anisic Acid is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development. p-Anisic Acid is used for the manufacture of: chemicals. Release to the environment of p-Anisic Acid can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid. Manufacture ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which p-Anisic Acid is most likely to be released to the environment. Details Though the official function of P-Anisic Acid is masking (meaning that it helps to mask not so nice smells in the product), according to manufacturer info it is rather used as a preservative. It is a skin friendly organic acid that works against fungi. SODIUM ANISATE is derived from fennel, this is the sodium salt of p-anisic acid. p-Anisic Acid is classified as antimicrobial and flavouring. p-Anisic Acid acts as an anti-fungal agent, and when paired with sodium levulinate the two ingredients make for a comprehensive preservative for cosmetics. P-Anisic Acid is approved for use in organic cosmetics. Sodium anisate (dermosoft® anisate) is an easy to use water soluble salt of an organic acid with an excellent fungicidal activity. p-Anisic Acid can be added to the cold or hot water phase at any step of the process. The combination with antimicrobial surface active substances or organic acids is recommended to improve the performance of the product even at higher pH. p-Anisic Acid p-Anisic Acid is classified as : Masking CAS Number of p-Anisic Acid 100-09-4 EINECS/ELINCS No of p-Anisic Acid: 202-818-5 COSING REF No of p-Anisic Acid: 35837 Chem/IUPAC Name of p-Anisic Acid: Benzoic acid, 4-methoxy- Description p-Anisic Acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives. These are benzoic acids in which the hydrogen atom at position 4 of the benzene ring is replaced by a methoxy group.

panicum miliaceum l. extract; extract obtained from the millet, panicum miliaceum l., poaceae; millet extract CAS NO:90082-36-3

PANTHENOL Panthenol Panthenol Stereo, skeletal formula of panthenol (R) Names IUPAC name 2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide[1] Other names Pantothenol Pantothenyl alcohol N-Pantoylpropanolamine Bepanthen (trade name) Dexpanthenol (D form) Identifiers CAS Number 16485-10-2 ☒ 81-13-0 R ☒ 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image 3DMet B00882 Beilstein Reference 1724945, 1724947 R ChEBI CHEBI:27373 ☒ ChEMBL ChEMBL1200979 ☒ ChemSpider 4516 check 115991 R ☒ 4677984 S ☒ ECHA InfoCard 100.036.839 EC Number 240-540-6 KEGG D03726 check MeSH dexpanthenol PubChem CID 4678 131204 R 5748487 S RTECS number ES4316500 UNII 1O6C93RI7Z check CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID3044598 InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula C9H19NO4 Molar mass 205.254 g·mol−1 Appearance Highly viscous, colourless liquid Density 1.2 g mL−1 (at 20 °C) Melting point 66 to 69 °C (151 to 156 °F; 339 to 342 K) [contradictory] Boiling point 118 to 120 °C (244 to 248 °F; 391 to 393 K) at 2.7 Pa log P −0.989 Acidity (pKa) 13.033 Basicity (pKb) 0.964 Chiral rotation ([α]D) +29° to +30° Refractive index (nD) 1.499 Pharmacology ATC code A11HA30 (WHO) D03AX03 (WHO), S01XA12 (WHO) Hazards NFPA 704 (fire diamond) NFPA 704 four-colored diamond 110 Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose) 10,100 mg kg−1 (intraperitoneal, mouse); 15,000 mg kg−1 (oral, mouse) Related compounds Related compounds Arginine Theanine Pantothenic acid Hopantenic acid Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☒ verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Panthenol (also called pantothenol) is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), and is thus a provitamin of B5. In organisms it is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid. It is a viscous transparent liquid at room temperature. Panthenol is used as a moisturizer and to improve wound healing in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Uses Bepanthen eye and nose ointment (Germany) In pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and personal-care products, panthenol is a moisturizer and humectant, used in ointments, lotions, shampoos, nasal sprays, eye drops, lozenges, and cleaning solutions for contact lenses. In ointments it is used for the treatment of sunburns, mild burns, minor skin injuries and disorders (in concentrations of up to 2–5%).[2] It improves hydration, reduces itching and inflammation of the skin, improves skin elasticity, and accelerates epidermal wounds' rate of healing.[3] For this purpose, it is sometimes combined with allantoin. It binds to the hair shaft readily; so, it is a common component of commercial shampoos and hair conditioners (in concentrations of 0.1–1%). It coats the hair and seals its surface,[citation needed] lubricating the hair shaft and giving it a shiny appearance. It is also recommended by tattoo artists as a post-tattooing moisturising cream. Adverse effects Panthenol is generally well tolerated. In rare cases, skin irritation and contact allergies have been reported.[2][3] Pharmacology Panthenol readily penetrates into the skin and mucous membranes (including the intestinal mucosa), where it is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid. Pantothenic acid is extremely hygroscopic,[4] that is, it binds water effectively. It is also used in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, which plays a role in a wide range of enzymatic reactions and thus in cell growth.[2][3] Physical and chemical properties Dexpanthenol Panthenol is an odourless, slightly bitter, highly viscous, transparent and colourless liquid at room temperature,[5] but salts of pantothenic acid (for example sodium pantothenate) are powders (typically white). It is easily soluble in water and alcohol, moderately soluble in diethyl ether, soluble in chloroform (1:100),[5] in propylene glycol, and slightly soluble in glycerin. Panthenol's expanded chemical formula is HO–CH2–C(CH3)2–CH(OH)–CONH–CH2CH2CH2–OH. Stereochemistry Panthenol comes in two enantiomers, D and L. Only D-panthenol (dexpanthenol) is biologically active, however both forms have moisturizing properties. For cosmetic use, panthenol comes either in D form, or as a racemic mixture of D and L (DL-panthenol). D-Panthenol D-Panthenol (also called pantothenol) is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), and is thus a provitamin of B5. In organisms it is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid. D-Pantenol is a viscous transparent liquid at room temperature. D-Panthenol is used as a moisturizer and to improve wound healing in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Bepanthen eye and nose ointment (Germany) In pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and personal-care products, D-Panthenol is a moisturizer and humectant, used in ointments, lotions, shampoos, nasal sprays, eye drops, lozenges, and cleaning solutions for contact lenses. In ointments it is used for the treatment of sunburns, mild burns, minor skin injuries and disorders (in concentrations of up to 2–5%).[2] It improves hydration, reduces itching and inflammation of the skin, improves skin elasticity, and accelerates epidermal wounds' rate of healing.[3] For this purpose, it is sometimes combined with allantoin. D-Pantenol binds to the hair shaft readily; so, it is a common component of commercial shampoos and hair conditioners (in concentrations of 0.1–1%). D-Pantenol coats the hair and seals its surface,[citation needed] lubricating the hair shaft and giving it a shiny appearance. D-Pantenol is also recommended by tattoo artists as a post-tattooing moisturising cream. Adverse effects D-Panthenol is generally well tolerated. In rare cases, skin irritation and contact allergies have been reported.[2][3] Pharmacology D-Panthenol readily penetrates into the skin and mucous membranes (including the intestinal mucosa), where it is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid. Pantothenic acid is extremely hygroscopic,[4] that is, it binds water effectively. It is also used in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, which plays a role in a wide range of enzymatic reactions and thus in cell growth.[2][3] Physical and chemical properties Dexpanthenol D-Panthenol is an odourless, slightly bitter, highly viscous, transparent and colourless liquid at room temperature,[5] but salts of pantothenic acid (for example sodium pantothenate) are powders (typically white). D-Pantenol is easily soluble in water and alcohol, moderately soluble in diethyl ether, soluble in chloroform (1:100),[5] in propylene glycol, and slightly soluble in glycerin. D-Panthenol's expanded chemical formula is HO–CH2–C(CH3)2–CH(OH)–CONH–CH2CH2CH2–OH. Stereochemistry D-Panthenol comes in two enantiomers, D and L. Only D-panthenol (dexpanthenol) is biologically active, however both forms have moisturizing properties. For cosmetic use, panthenol comes either in D form, or as a racemic mixture of D and L (DL-panthenol). In cosmetics, panthenol is a humectant, emollient and moisturizer. D-Panthenol binds to hair follicles readily and is a frequent component of shampoos and hair conditioners (in concentrations of 0. 1-1%). D-Panthenol coats the hair and seals its surface, lubricating follicles and making strands appear shiny. Panthenol is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), and is thus the provitamin of B5. In organisms it is quickly oxidized to pantothenate. Panthenol is a viscous transparent liquid at room temperature, but salts of pantothenic acid (for example sodium pantothenate) are powders (typically white). D-Panthenol is well soluble in water, alcohol and propylene glycol, soluble in ether and chloroform, and slightly soluble in glycerin. Overview If you looked around your home, you’d likely run across panthenol in several ingredients lists of products you own. Panthenol appears in food, supplements, and hygienic products of a wide variety. D-Panthenol has a similar chemical structure to alcohol. D-Panthenol’s used to help hydrate and smooth your skin and hair from the inside in its ingestible form and from the outside in its topical form. But is D-Panthenol safe for you and your family when it appears in personal care products? Read on to find out why panthenol is in so many cosmetics and read the facts to understand how it affects your body. What is d-panthenol? d-Panthenol is a chemical substance made from pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B-5. D-Panthenol occurs organically and can also be produced from both plant and animal sources. D-Panthenol’s used as an additive in various cosmetic products around the globe. You very likely have pantothenic acid in your system right now, since it occurs in so many common food sources. And you’ve likely used a cosmetic or personal care product with D-Panthenol within the last 24 hours. D-Panthenol takes the form of either a white powder or a transparent oil at room temperature. You will sometimes see panthenol listed under one of its other names on ingredients list, including: dexpanthenol D-pantothenyl alcohol butanamide alcohol analog of pantothenic acid provitamin B-5 When absorbed into the body, panthenol becomes vitamin B-5. What’s D-Panthenol used for? In topical cosmetics, product manufacturers often use panthenol as a moisturizer. But D-Panthenol’s also included in many cosmetics as a softening, soothing, and anti-irritant agent.D-Panthenol also helps your skin build up a barrier against irritation and water loss. Skin products Vitamin B-5 is essential for a healthy diet, skin, and hair. D-Panthenol makes sense that panthenol, its derivative, is a staple of many skin care products, such as lotions and cleansers. D-Panthenol’s also found in cosmetics as various as lipstick, foundation, or even mascara.D-Panthenol also appears in creams made to treat insect bites, poison ivy, and even diaper rash. The National Center for Biotechnology Information lists panthenol as a skin protectant with anti-inflammatory properties. D-Panthenol can help improve skin’s hydration, elasticity, and smooth appearance. D-Panthenol also soothes: red skin inflammation little cuts or sores like bug bites or shaving irritation D-Panthenol helps with wound healing, as well as other skin irritations like eczema. Hair products Hair care products include D-Panthenol because of its ability to improve your hair’s: shine softness strength D-Panthenol can also help protect your hair from styling or environmental damage by locking in moisture. One study found that panthenol may help slow down and hide the look of thinning hair. The study tested it with other active ingredients as a leave-in treatment. Nail products Your nails are made from keratin proteins, just like your hair. So, D-Panthenol follows that panthenol can strengthen your finger- and toenails. You might find it in your shine and strengthening nail treatments, or in hand creams and cuticle oils. One study found that applying panthenol to the nail can help hydrate the nail and prevent breakage. Molecular Weight of Panthenol: 205.25 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3-AA of Panthenol: -0.9 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Panthenol: 4 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Panthenol: 4 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Panthenol: 6 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of Panthenol: 205.131408 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Panthenol: 205.131408 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Panthenol: 89.8 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Panthenol: 14 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Panthenol: 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Panthenol: 182 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Panthenol: 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Panthenol: 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Panthenol: 1 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Panthenol: 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Panthenol: 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Panthenol: 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of Panthenol Is Canonicalized Yes

Panthenol is a chemical substance made from pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B-5.
Panthenol is made from vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid which is found in all living things.
Panthenol is an odorless, transparent, highly viscous, and colorless liquid at room temperature.


CAS Number: 81-13-0 / 16485-10-2
EINECS/ELINCS Number: 201-327-3 / 240-540-6
MDL number: MFCD00065006
Chemical formula: C9H19NO4


Panthenol is a compound that's structurally similar to vitamin B5, or pantothenic acid.
Panthenol's also known as provitamin B5 because it converts into vitamin B5 in the skin.
Chemically, pantothenol is an alcohol, which means it has a hydroxyl group (an oxygen and a hydrogen bonded together).


This hydroxyl group is what makes panthenol different from pantothenic acid.
Panthenol, also known as pro-vitamin B5, is the precursor of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid, which is a natural constituent of the hair).
Panthenol's name comes from the Greek “pantothen” which means “everywhere”.


Vitamin B5 is found throughout living organisms.
In particular, it plays a role in the development and proper functioning of the central nervous system.
Panthenol is found in certain foods such as meat, fish, egg yolk, almonds and nuts.


Panthenol is a stable form of vitamin B5.
Panthenol is known for its moisturising, soothing and repairing properties.
Panthenol is water soluble and “plays well” with many different types of ingredients, making it easy to formulate with for moisturizers, serums, toners, etc.


As a raw material, two forms of panthenol can be incorporated in personal care product formulas: D-panthenol is a viscous oil and DL-panthenol comes in the form of a white, crystalline powder.
According to the Cosmetic Ingredient Review assessment from 2018, the highest reported concentration of panthenol in a personal care product was 5.3%, which was deemed safe in its use.


Panthenol is a compound found naturally in humans and can also be obtained from plants and animals, with positive effects on the skin.
Panthenol can be obtained from vitamin B5 or pantothenic acid. Panthenol is an important compound for its benefits to the skin.
Panthenol can be found in many cosmetic products such as conditioner, shampoo, shower gel, hair and body moisturizer, face cream, foundation, lipstick, under eye concealer.


In the ingredient list of these products, you can see that D-Panthenol, DL-Panthenol, dexpanthenol, D-Pantothenyl alcohol, butanamide or provitamin B5 are written.
After Panthenol is applied to the body with various products, it is absorbed by the skin and then turns into the form of vitamin B5.
Panthenol comes in two enantiomers: D, and L. Only D-panthenol (dexpanthenol) is biologically active. For cosmetic use, panthenol comes either in D form or as a racemic mixture of D and L (DL-panthenol).


Panthenol speeds up cell turnover and stimulates fibroblasts in the skin.
This is crucial for wound healing, as fibroblasts are necessary for creating structural skin proteins like collagen and elastin.
These proteins are key for facilitating proper tissue repair and wound closure—and ultimately, happy skin.


Panthenol is an alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5), and thus a provitamin of B5.
Panthenol (also called pantothenol) is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), and is thus a provitamin of B5.
In organisms, Panthenol is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid.


Panthenol is a viscous transparent liquid at room temperature.
Panthenol occurs organically and can also be produced from both plant and animal sources.
Panthenol takes the form of either a white powder or a transparent oil at room temperature.


You will sometimes see panthenol listed under one of its other names on ingredients list, including:
*dexpanthenol
*D-pantothenyl alcohol
*butanamide
*alcohol analog of pantothenic acid
*provitamin B-5
When absorbed into the body, panthenol becomes vitamin B-5.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PANTHENOL:
Panthenolis used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products for its benefits for dry, damaged and sensitive skin.
Panthenol is recommended for people with skin problems such as eczema and is very well tolerated, even by the most sensitive skin.
Panthenol is a well-known active ingredient for treating diaper rash in babies and mild burns.


Panthenol is also used for hair and scalp care.
Panthenol is capable of binding to the hair surface.
In a shampoo and conditioner routine, Panthenol is deposited on the hair and thus protects the fiber.


Panthenol has also been shown to repair damaged hair and reduce the damage caused by excessive brushing.
Panthenol also has a humectant (wetting) property.
We use panthenol in our face and body care products, for its moisturising, soothing and repairing properties, and for all skin types, even the most sensitive.


We use Panthenol in makeup, specifically mascara, to strengthen the lashes and give them shine.
Panthenol is also used in the composition of our complexion products for the same benefits as in skin care.
We use Panthenol in haircare products for its moisturising efficiency as it helps to protect the hair and skin on the scalp.


Hair that is dehydrated or low in moisture can benefit from moisturizing properties of panthenol.
Panthenol is used as an emollient, panthenol is also good for rough textured hair because it can smooth out the imperfections in the hair shaft.
Panthenol (sometimes referred to as pro-vitamin B5) is a popular humectant in personal care products due to its ability to attract and hold moisture.


When topically applied, Panthenol converts to pantothenic acid, which is a naturally occurring substance within the body.
Research also shows promise for panthenol’s ability to reduce sensitivity-induced redness in skin.
Topically applied panthenol in amounts between 1-5% has been reported to aid in healing and barrier repair.


It’s important to clarify that even though panthenol is the alcohol derivative of pantothenic acid, but it is a completely gentle and non-drying form of alcohol, unlike SD or denatured alcohol, which are known to be damaging to skin.
Panthenol is also widely used in hair care products and can be found in makeup products, such as powders, mascara, and lipstick.


Panthenol is a precursor of pantothenic acid (or vitamin B5), a key ingredient in many skincare cosmetics in recent years.
Panthenol is a humectant meaning it holds and binds water, and these properties mean that it is ideal when it comes to keeping water in the skin.
Panthenol also works as an emollient which means it can moisturize and soothe the skin, as well as help, protect it from environmental factors and skin stresses.


Panthenol, on the other hand, is frequently added to personal products due to its effects on the skin.
Panthenol's usually used in the form of a transparent viscous liquid, but it can also be used as a white powder.
You can find panthenol listed on labels as pantothenol, D-pantothenol alcohol, dexpanthenol, or provitamin B5.


Panthenol is used as a moisturizer and humectant in cosmetics and personal care products.
Panthenol is found in lotions, ointments, nasal sprays, eye drops, cleaning solutions for contact lenses, etc.
Panthenol is used as a moisturizer, soothing and softening agent.


Panthenol's main job in skincare products is to moisturise the skin.
Panthenol’s a humectant meaning that it can help the skin to attract water and then hold onto it.
There is also research showing that Panthenol can help our skin to produce more lovely lipids that are important for a strong and healthy skin barrier.


Another great thing about Panthenol is that it has anti-inflammatory and skin protecting abilities.
Research also shows that Panthenol might be useful for wound healing as it promotes fibroblast (nice type of cells in our skin that produce skin-firming collagen) proliferation.


If that wasn’t enough Panthenol is also useful in nail and hair care products.
A study shows that a nail treatment liquide with 2% Panthenol could effectively get into the nail and significantly increase the hydration of it.
Panthenol is used for the hair the hydration effect is also true there.


Panthenol might make your hair softer, and more elastic and helps to comb your hair more easily.
Panthenol is used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products as a moisturizer and to improve wound healing.
In pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and personal-care products, panthenol is a moisturizer and humectant, Panthenol is used in ointments, lotions, shampoos, nasal sprays, eye drops, lozenges, and cleaning solutions for contact lenses.


In ointments, Panthenol is used for the treatment of sunburns, mild burns, minor skin injuries, and disorders (in concentrations of up to 2–5%).
Panthenol improves hydration, reduces itching and inflammation of the skin, improves skin elasticity, and accelerates epidermal wounds' rate of healing.
For this purpose, Panthenol is sometimes combined with allantoin.


Panthenol binds to the hair shaft readily, so, it is a common component of commercial shampoos and hair conditioners (in concentrations of 0.1–1%).
Panthenol coats the hair and seals its surface, lubricating the hair shaft and giving it a shiny appearance.
Panthenol is also recommended by tattoo artists as a post-tattooing moisturising cream.


Panthenol is generally well tolerated.
Panthenol’s used as an additive in various cosmetic products around the globe.
You very likely have pantothenic acid in your system right now, since it occurs in so many common food sources.
And you’ve likely used a cosmetic or personal care product with panthenol within the last 24 hours.


-Skin care:
Panthenol improves hydration and elasticity of the skin, reduces itching and inflammation of the skin, improves skin elasticity, and accelerates the rate of healing of wounds. In topical creams, it is found to be in a concentration of 1-5%


-Hair care:
Panthenol binds to the hair shaft readily, so, it is a common component of commercial shampoos and hair conditioners (in concentrations of 0.1-1%).
Panthenol coats the hair and seals its surface, lubricating the hair shaft and giving it a shiny appearance.
Panthenol can also help protect your hair from styling or environmental damage by locking in moisture.


-Nail products
Your nails are made from keratin proteins, just like your hair. So, Panthenol follows that panthenol can strengthen your finger- and toenails.
You might find Panthenol in your shine and strengthening nail treatments, or in hand creams and cuticle oils.


-Pharmacology
Panthenol readily penetrates into the skin and mucous membranes (including the intestinal mucosa), where it is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid.
Pantothenic acid is extremely hygroscopic.
Panthenol is also used in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, which plays a role in a wide range of enzymatic reactions and in cell growth.



WHAT IS PANTHENOL USED FOR?
In topical cosmetics, product manufacturers often use panthenol as a moisturizer.
But Panthenol’s also included in many cosmetics as a softening, soothing, and anti-irritant agent.
Panthenol also helps your skin build up a barrier against irritation and water loss.

-Skin products:
Vitamin B-5 is essential for a healthy diet, skin, and hair.
Panthenol makes sense that panthenol, its derivative, is a staple of many skin care products, such as lotions and cleansers.
Panthenol’s also found in cosmetics as various as lipstick, foundation, or even mascara.
Panthenol also appears in creams made to treat insect bites, poison ivy, and even diaper rash.

The National Center for Biotechnology Information lists panthenol as a skin protectant with anti-inflammatory properties.
Panthenol can help improve skin’s hydration, elasticity, and smooth appearance.
-Panthenol also soothes:
*red skin
*inflammation
*little cuts or sores like bug bites or shaving irritation
*Panthenol helps with wound healing, as well as other skin irritations like eczema.

-Hair products:
Hair care products include panthenol because of its ability to improve your hair’s:
*shine
*softness
*strength

Panthenol can also help protect your hair from styling or environmental damage by locking in moisture.
Panthenol may help slow down and hide the look of thinning hair.
Panthenol is used with other active ingredients as a leave-in treatment.



HOW TO USE PANTHENOL?
Panthenol has positive effects on body and hair care.
Panthenol is important to get enough from food to maintain the body's energy balance.
If foods containing vitamin B5 are not consumed enough, nutritional supplements and creams containing panthenol can be supported.
Panthenol can be used in cream form by applying it on the skin.
Creams can start to show their effect by being absorbed from the skin in a short time.
Panthenol can also be taken into the body through nutritional and vitamin supplements.



IS PANTHENOL A SAFE SUBSTANCE?
Panthenol can be safely taken into the body topically (application on the skin) and through nutritional supplements.
Panthenol is a compound that can be beneficial for the body if the person does not have any known allergic conditions to vitamin B5 and is used at normal levels.

Both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Commission on Cosmetic Ingredients have approved Panthenol for use in cosmetics.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) classifies panthenol as “possibly safe” for general topical applications and nasal sprays.
And Panthenol’s listed as “likely safe” for topical use by children.

The FDA currently lists panthenol in its widely known “Generally Regarded as Safe” database for when Panthenol’s ingested as a food ingredient, or as a supplement.
But remember that ingesting Panthenol or panothenic acid in food or as a supplement is very different than using it on your skin or hair.
Although Panthenol’s widely considered beneficial as a supplement, it’s only classified as “likely safe” for topical use on the skin, hair, and nails.



WHAT DOES PANTHENOL DO?
Panthenol can help skin and hair feel better.
Panthenol moisturizes the skin and gives vitality to the hair.
Thanks to its healing power, Panthenol can reduce hair breakage.

Panthenol can provide softness and resistance to the hair.
Panthenol can make hair styling easier by trapping moisture in the hair.
Thus, Panthenol helps to protect the hair from the negative effects of the environment.
In addition to these, Panthenol can help strengthen the fingernails and toenails.

Thus, you can have healthier and break-resistant nails.
Thanks to its positive effects on skin, hair and nails, panthenol can be included in many cosmetic products.
With aging, the skin loses its elasticity by losing moisture.
Panthenol can protect the moisture balance in the skin and cause the negative effects of aging to appear later.



WHAT DOES PANTHENOL DO FOR THE SKIN?
Here's why skin care brands use panthenol in their formulas:

1.
Panthenol acts as a moisturizer.
Panthenol primarily functions as a moisturizer.
Panthenol is a liquid at room temperature, so it's used as a humectant and emollient in skin care products.
(Humectants attract moisture, while emollients fill in cracks with lipids.)

This reduces water loss, keeping the skin soft and smooth.
Panthenol also restores and protects the skin barrier, which is essential for managing general dryness and skin sensitivity.
Scientists are still learning how Panthenol exactly works, but they think its role in enzymatic processes—which is vital for skin barrier function—plays a part.


2.
Panthenol reduces inflammation.
As Panthenol converts into pantothenic acid (which then makes coenzyme A), it also helps decrease inflammation.
That's because coenzyme A is necessary for the production of steroids and fatty acids, which soothe inflammation.
This anti-inflammatory effect makes Panthenol useful for alleviating symptoms of skin irritation, including itching, scaling, dryness, and roughness.
In fact, many sunscreens and after-sun products contain panthenol for this reason.


3.
Panthenol supports wound healing.
By mediating inflammation, panthenol can also help the wound healing process.
Panthenol's been shown to decrease erythem, or skin reddening, when applied to wounds in the top layer of the skin.
Panthenol's ability to attract moisture (and control water loss) also encourages skin regeneration, further supporting wound recovery.



BENEFITS OF PANTHENOL FOR HAIR:
Panthenol is a natural humectant and emollient, experts agree that panthenol has multiple benefits for use in hair.
*Retains moisture:
Panthenol is a desirable skincare and haircare ingredient because it acts as a humectant, drawing in moisture.
Panthenol draws moisture from the environment and skin to where it is needed most.

*Smooths strands:
Panthenol acts as an emollient, smoothing cracks in rough skin and hair.
Panthenol is also good for rough textured hair because it can smooth out the imperfections in the hair shaft.

*Panthenol acts as an anti-inflammatory:
Panthenol in the body is converted to vitamin B5, which has anti-inflammatory properties that aid in the reparative process of damaged hair.

*Panthenol can help with thinning hair:
a study looking to treat thinning hair, panthenol showed as a promising ingredient to help contribute to help to mitigate the effects of thinning hair, and D-panthenol showed an increase in cell viability, supporting hair growth stimulation.

*Balances:
Panthenol can also help balance hair's moisture content to improve condition and suppleness and is a brilliant emollient, which also helps to improve hair's suppleness.

*Strengthens:
Panthenol is a strengthening agent that penetrates deep into the cortex.

*Hair Type Considerations:
The experts agree that Panthenol generally works for most hair types, making it a great universal ingredient in hair care.
Safe to use daily, Panthenol's often found in hair products across the board, including shampoo, conditioner, and leave-in product.



WHAT ARE THE PRODUCTS CONTAINING PANTHENOL?
Panthenol can be found in many commonly used skin and hair care products.
Panthenol can be found in the content of cosmetic products such as make-up.
In addition to these products, Panthenol can also be used in the manufacture of prescription and over-the-counter drugs.
Some of the products containing panthenol are:

*Hair Care Products:
Hair care products can be important for maintaining the health of the hair.
Panthenol can be found in products such as shampoo, conditioner, hair moisturizer, hair mousse, hair spray. Panthenol can nourish and moisturize the hair.
Panthenol may have benefits such as removing the lifelessness of the hair and giving fullness to the hair.

*Skin care products:
Panthenol can be found in personal care products such as face cream, skin moisturizer, tonic, eye cream, sunscreen, make-up removers, shaving foam.
Panthenol provides moisture to the skin and may support wound healing.

*Cosmetics:
Panthenol can be found in make-up materials such as mascara, foundation, eyeliner, lipstick, powder and fixer that can be used every day.

*Mother and Baby Products:
Since mother and baby products are applied to sensitive skin, the ingredients must be reliable.
Panthenol can be found in many products such as baby shampoo, soap, and lotion.



BENEFITS OF PANTHENOL:
*Panthenol moisturizes the skin
Panthenol makes for a great moisturizing ingredient.
Research has shown that it decreases transepidermal water loss (water that evaporates through the skin).
Products containing just 1% of panthenol can rapidly hydrate skin, resulting in a more supple feel and appearance.

This means that panthenol is ideal for skin types that are experiencing particularly stressful environmental factors, such as harsh climates, air conditioning, or central heating.
Panthenol’s ability to combat transepidermal loss makes it perfect for dealing with the stresses that these types of factors cause.

*Panthenol helps maintain the skin’s barrier:
Panthenol’s emollient properties help to maintain a healthy skin barrier.
Your skin barrier consists of natural oils and lipids that Panthenol protects your skin from water loss, allergens, and bacteria.



WHAT ARE THE PANTHENOL BENEFITS TO THE SKIN?
Panthenol is a substance that stands out with its benefits.
Panthenol can contribute to the healing of tissues such as skin, hair, eyes, nose and nails.
Panthenol can be added to the content of personal care products due to its moisturizing and skin soothing effects.
The benefits of Panthenol to the skin can be listed as follows:

*Can Remove Wrinkles Caused by Aging:
As age progresses, the moisture of the skin decreases and the tissues begin to sag.
In addition, the lines on the skin increase and may deepen.
As the skin loses Panthenol's elasticity, the effects of aging begin to be seen.
Panthenol restores the skin's natural moisture.
Thus, the elasticity of the skin increases and a smooth appearance can be achieved.

*May Contribute to Tissue Repair by Accelerating Wound Healing:
One of the contributions of Panthenol for the skin is that it supports tissue repair.
Panthenol may also contribute to the healing of skin diseases such as eczema.

*May Prevent Water Loss by Moisturizing the Skin:
The skin may lose moisture due to aging, environmental factors, and the harmful effects of sun rays.
As a result, delay in wound healing and various skin diseases may occur.
In order to maintain the moisture balance of the body, Panthenol is necessary to get enough vitamin B5 to the body by eating a healthy diet.
Panthenol may have a healing effect in skin diseases such as dry skin, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis.

*May Protect Tissues Thanks to Its Anti-Inflammatory Properties:
Inflammatory conditions may occur due to skin injuries, sunburn, irritation.
Panthenol, which has anti-inflammatory properties, can act as a barrier by protecting the skin.
Panthenol can increase fat synthesis and new cell formation in the skin.
Thus, Panthenol can help reduce problems such as itching, redness, and dryness.



WHAT DOES PANTHENOL DO FOR THE SKIN?
Panthenol’s molecular structure and chemical properties mean that it is rejuvenating and benefits a number of different skin issues.



WHAT ARE THE PANTHENOL BENEFITS?
Panthenol is a substance produced from vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) that contributes to the moisture balance of the body.
Panthenol occurs naturally in humans as well as in plants and animals.
Panthenol can also be included in the content of skin and hair care products and make-up materials.
Panthenol is a prominent compound due to its tissue repair, wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties.
In addition to these advantages, Panthenol is also beneficial for nail health.



HOW TO USE PANTHENOL FOR HAIR:
Panthenol is a low-risk ingredient that can be found in many products and may have many uses.
Panthenol is found in many products, which themselves may have specific recommendations on when to use them.



PANTHENOL AT A GLANCE:
*Hydrating ingredient famous for its ability to attract/retain moisture
*Panthenol may also help reduce sensitivity-induced redness in skin
*Often referred to as pro-vitamin B5
*Converts into pantothenic acid when applied topically
*White, crystalline powder in its raw material state



WHERE DOES PANTHENOL COME FROM?
Panthenol is an alcohol of fossil origin.
It is obtained by a process using minimum energy and water.
90% of the waste generated is recycled and recovered, such as calcium sulphate, which is used in land restoration.
Panthenol has an excellent environmental profile and is biodegradable.



WHAT DOES PANTHENOL DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Hair conditioning
*Humectant
*Skin conditioning
*Soothing



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PANTHENOL:
Panthenol is an odourless, slightly bitter, highly viscous, transparent, and colourless liquid at room temperature, but salts of pantothenic acid (for example sodium pantothenate) are powders that are typically white.
Panthenol is easily soluble in water and alcohol, moderately soluble in diethyl ether, soluble in chloroform (1:100), in propylene glycol, and slightly soluble in glycerin.
Panthenol's expanded chemical formula is HO–CH2–C(CH3)2–CH(OH)–CONH–CH2CH2CH2–OH.



STEREOCHEMISTRY OF PANTHENOL:
Panthenol comes in two enantiomers: D, and L. Only D-panthenol (dexpanthenol) is biologically active, however both forms have moisturizing properties.
For cosmetic use, panthenol comes either in D form, or as a racemic mixture of D and L (DL-panthenol).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PANTHENOL:
Chemical formula: C9H19NO4
Molar mass: 205.254 g·mol−1
Appearance: Highly viscous, colourless liquid
Density: 1.2 g mL−1 (at 20 °C)
Melting point: 66 to 69 °C (151 to 156 °F; 339 to 342 K)[contradictory]
Boiling point: 118 to 120 °C (244 to 248 °F; 391 to 393 K) at 2.7 Pa
log P: −0.989
Acidity (pKa): 13.033
Basicity (pKb): 0.964
Chiral rotation: ([α]D) +29° to +30°
Refractive index: (nD) 1.499
Physical state: solid
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 66 - 69 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available

Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of PANTHENOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PANTHENOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PANTHENOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PANTHENOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection tested.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PANTHENOL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Hygroscopic.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PANTHENOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide[1]
Pantothenol
Pantothenyl alcohol
N-Pantoylpropanolamine
Bepanthen (trade name)
Dexpanthenol (D form)
DL-Pantothenyl alcohol
(±)-2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyric 3-hydroxypropylamide
(±)-α,γ-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-β,βdimethylbutyramide

PANTHENYL TRIACETATE N° CAS : 94089-18-6 Nom INCI : PANTHENYL TRIACETATE Nom chimique : 4-[(3-Acetoxypropyl)amino]-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutane-1,3-diyl diacetate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 302-118-0 Ses fonctions (INCI) Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance

cas no 130668-24-5 Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonic Acid;

SYNONMYS Pantoloc;Pantecta;Controloc;Zurcal;Protium;Protonix IV;PANTOPRAZOLE SODIUM SALT;CHEBI:50270 CAS NO:138786-67-1

Pantoprazole Sodium Sesquihydrate SYNONYMS 6-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-[[(3,4-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole sodium salt hydrate;6-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-[[(3,4-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole sodium salt hydrate cas no:164579-32-2

Chamomilla Recutita Flower Extract or Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract; chamomilla recutita flower water; matricaria chamomilla var. recutita flower water cas no:84082-60-0; 84649-86-5

CHAMOMILE OIL ; anthemis nobilis oil; volatile oil distilled from the dried flower heads of the roman chamomile, anthemis nobilis l., asteraceae; chamaemelum nobile oil CAS NO: 8015-92-7

Polyamino polyether methylene phosphonic acid(PAPEMP Acid) , Polyoxypropylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid,Mayoquest 2200 CAS No. : 130668–24–5

Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonic Acid PAPEMP Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonate Molecular weight: about 600 PAPEMP Acid- Polyamino polyether methylene phosphonic acid PAPEMP (Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonate) Properties: PAPEMP performs excellently in the condition of high hardness and pH as a new antiscalant and corrosion inhibitor. With high calcium tolerance, PAPEMP scale inhibition ability is also high, particularly for CaCO3, CaPO4, and CaSO4. It also effectively restrain the Si scale from a formation and stabilize the ions. Such as Mn, and Fe to form chelating compounds. PAPEMP also has a good tolerance to high temperature, high turbidity, high salt concentration, and high chlorine (Cl– and Br–) concentration. PAPEMP can be used as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water system and oilfield refill water system in situations of high hardness, high alkali, and high pH value. PAPEMP can be used as a scale inhibitor for a reverse osmosis system and a multistep flash vaporization system. PAPEMP can significantly inhibit calcium carbonate precipitation from the aqueous solution by modifying the crystal morphology Structural Formula: CH2(OCH2CH)nCH3NCH2CH2P(OH)2P(OH)2OOHCCH3NCH2CH2(HO)2P(HO)2POO Properties: PAPEMP is a new kind of water treatment agent. PAPEMP has high chelation and dispersion effects, high value of calcium tolerance, and good scale inhibition effects. PAPEMP can be used as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water system and oilfield refill water system in situations of high hardness, high alkali and high pH value. PAPEMP has excellent scale inhibition ability to calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate. PAPEMP can efficiently inhibit the formation of silica scale, stabilize metal ions such as Zn, Mn and Fe. PAPEMP can be used as scale inhibitor for reverse osmosis system and multistep flash vaporization system in which high salt concentration, high turbidity and high temperature are usually encountered (such as high temperature and high turbidity in coal vaporization system), accessory agent for woven & dyeing (for example, yellow turnback inhibition agent), as alternatives of EDTA, DTPA and NTA. CAS No. : 130668–24–5 Polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate (PAPEMP) is very effective in preventing calcium carbonate precipitation at high supersaturation and high pH. The inhibition of calcium carbonate crystallization in the presence of PAPEMP at both low and high supersaturation was studied and then compared to the inhibitory ability of hydroxyethylidene-1 ,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP). Keywords: calcium carbonate inhibition, crystallization kinetics, phosphonates, affinity constants, calcium tolerance. PAPEMP is a new kind of water treatment agent. PAPEMP has high chelation and dispersion effects, high value of calcium tolerance, and good scale inhibition effects. PAPEMP is as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water system and oilfield refill water system in situations of high hardness, high alkali and high pH value. PAPEMP inhibits scale formation of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate. Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonic Acid is a new kind of water treatment agent. PAPEMP has high chelation and dispersion effects, high value of calcium tolerance, and good scale inhibition effects. Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonic Acid can be used as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water system and oilfield refill water system in situations of high hardness, high alkali and high pH value. Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonic Acid has excellent scale inhibition ability to calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate. Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonic Acid can efficiently inhibit the formation of silica scale, stabilize metal ions such as Zn, Mn and Fe. Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonic Acid can be used as scale inhibitor for reverse osmosis system and multistep flash vaporization system in which high salt concentration, high turbidity and high temperature are usually encountered (such as high temperature and high turbidity in coal vaporization system), accessory agent for woven & dyeing (for example, yellow turnback inhibition agent), as alternatives of EDTA, DTPA and NTA. PAPEMP is a new kind of scale inhibitor for industrial water treatment. PAPEMP has high chelation and dispersion effect with high value of calcium tolerance and scale inhibition effect. PAPEMP can be used as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cooling water system and oilfield of high hardness including calcium magnesium and barium sulfate scale inhibitor. PAPEMP is stable in aqueous solution under a wide range of pH, temperature and pressure. Polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate widens the operational conditions available with today’s standard technology by allowing operations with hard water at higher pH levels and greater salt concentrations. PAPEMP it is possible to operate at up to 300X calcite saturation because of its excellent calcium tolerance. As a result it controls up to three times as much calcium carbonate as ATMP or PBTC (operating at up to 100x calcite saturation). Applications: · PAPEMP has excellent scale inhibition ability to calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate. · PAPEMP can efficiently inhibit the formation of silica scale,stabilize metal ions such as Zn, Mn and Fe. It effectively chelates metal ions including calcium, magnesium, iron and copper. · PAPEMP can be used as scale inhibitor for reverse osmosis system and multi-step flash vaporization system in which high salt concentration, high turbidity and high temperature are usually encountered (such as high temperature and high turbidity in coal vaporization system), accessory agent for woven & dyeing (for example, yellow turn back inhibition agent), as alternatives of EDTA, DTPA and NTA . Synonyms: · PAPEMP · Polyoxypropylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid Product Use : Scale and corrosion inhibitor intermediate Chemical Name : Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonic Acid Appearance: Amber transparent liquid Solid content %: 45.0min Active component (PAPEMP) ％: 40.0min Phosphoric acid (as PO43-)%: 1.0max Density （20℃）g/cm3: 1.20±0.05 pH（1％ solution）: 2.0±0.5 Usage: The dosage of 5-100mg/L is preferred. Different from other water treatment agents, the more quantity is, the better the effect. PAPEMP can be used with polycarboxylic acids. Package and Storage: Normally In 250kg net Plastic Drum, IBC drum can also be used as required. Storage for ten months in room shady and dry place. The new calcium carbonate inhibitor is PolyAmino PolyEther Methylene Phosphonate2 (PAPEMP). One of the particular advantages of the PAPEMP molecule is its exceptional calcium tolerance (Table 2). Calcium tolerance is a measure of a chemical compound’s ability to remain soluble in the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+) under both high pH and high temperature, such as in geothermal brines. As pH and temperature increases, calcium tolerance decreases rapidly for traditional CaCO3 threshold inhibitors (as shown in Figure 1), e.g., 1-hydroxy ethylidene 1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), amino tri (methylene phosphonic acid) (AMP), and polyacrylic acid. The X-axis in this figure is the amount of HEDP as PPM needed to form precipitation in a water containing 10,000 PPM of Calcium ions. The data for temperature curve was collected at pH 9, while the pH curve represents data at 250°F. At higher temperature and/or higher pH, it requires Poly amino polyether methylene phosphonate (PAPEMP) is a very effective inhibitor in preventing CaCO3 precipitation. The extraordinary affinity of PAPEMP towards CaCO3 surfaces and its excellent tolerance of calcium materials make this polymer excellent in inhibiting the growth of CaCO3 crystal. Amjad et al. have extensively studied phosphonate-based polymer performance in cold water. They have studied the effectiveness of phosphate and phosphonate polymers in stabilized and all-organic cooling water treatment facilities. This study reported that these polymers are capable of performing a dual function. Firstly, they control the thickness of the calcium phosphate and phosphonate membrane on the metal surface. Secondly, they prevent the precipitation of the calcium phosphate and phosphonate salts in the recirculating water. Another study conducted by the same research group demonstrated the performance of sulphonic-acid-containing terpolymer for controlling the growth of calcium phosphonates and carbonate scale. It showed that these polymers improved the control of calcium phosphonate and carbonate in highly stressed cooling water systems [28]. Wang et al. also conducted a similar study in which they have reported the inhibition of CaCO3 by a phosphonate-terminated poly(maleic-co-sulfonate) polymeric inhibitor. This study showed that this inhibitor is capable of controlling CaCO3 scale Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonate (PAPEMP) Investigation of CaCO3 scale inhibition by PAA, ATMP and PAPEMP Calcium carbonate scale inhibition by three inhibitors, polyacrylic acid (PAA), aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid (ATMP) and polyamino polyether methylenephosphonate (PAPEMP), has been investigated by the bubbling method, and the calcium carbonate scales formed in the absence and presence of inhibitors have been examined by SEM and XRD. It was found that ATMP shows “threshold effect” in the inhibition of CaCO3 scale, and the inhibition behavior of PAPEMP is similar to that of PAA: the “threshold effect” is not observed. In the presence of inhibitors, the normal growth of calcium carbonate is disturbed, and in the presence of PAPEMP, the scale morphology is similar to that in the presence of ATMP. The vaterite phase is effectively stabilized kinetically in the presence of PAA; ATMP takes second place, and PAPEMP can hardly stabilize kinetically the vaterite phase In recent years, the percentage of oil production from more challenging environments has increased. In addition to the numerous engineering and logistical difficulties of working at increased depth, temperature and pressure these production zones provide a harsh environment deleterious to the performance of some critical oilfield chemicals. Scale inhibitors are one class of oil field chemicals which are deployed through squeeze treatments into the formation and/or continuous downhole injection for protection of production tubulars. As well depths continue to increase, the exposure time of the injected chemicals also increases. With temperatures in the range of 180-200 °C and pressures exceeding 10,000 psi, the effect of elevated temperature and pressure on scale inhibitor performance is a critical parameter to evaluate using chemical analytical techniques and product performance methods. Another trend leading to increased thermal exposure is the use of thermal enhanced recovery techniques. Scale inhibitors are exposed to high temperatures in operations such as steam flooding and steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). In this study, a range of chemicals have been evaluated for their short and medium-term thermal stability at 180 and 200 °C. The primary application of this data is for downhole injection and squeeze treatments prior to adsorption. Inhibitor chemical types include sulfonated polycarboxylic acid (SPCA), fluorescent tagged sulfonated polycarboxylic acid (FSPCA), phosphorous tagged sulfonated polycarboxylic acid (PSPCA), sulfonated polyacrylocarboxylic acid (SPAC), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyvinyl sulfonate (PVS), polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate (PAPEMP), bis(hexamethylene)triamine pentakis(methylene phosphonic acid) (BHTPMP) and diethylenetriamine pentakis(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP). In most cases the sodium or potassium salts of the inhibitors are used. The chemical effect of temperature on scale inhibitors is measured through molecular weight determination, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), pH change, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. The performance of these inhibitors is measured under static and dynamic conditions for inhibition of barium sulfate scale. These results help to further the knowledge of inhibitor degradation due to thermal effects and indicate the direction for further product development of thermally stable scale inhibitors. Calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) scale inhibition by PAA, PAPEMP, and PAA/PAPEMP blend Z. Amjad, R. T. Landgraf and J. L. Penn Walsh University, Division of Mathematics and Sciences, North Canton OH 44720, USA Abstract: The effects of poly(acrylic acid), PAA, polyamino polyether methylene phosphonic acid, PAPEMP, and PAA/PAPEMP blend on calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) are reported in this paper. It has been found that gypsum inhibition by PAA increases with increasing PAA concentration. Among the various phoshonates (i.e., aminotris(methylene phosphonic acid), AMP; hydroxyphosphono acetic acid, HPA; hydroxyethylidene 1,1-diphosphonic acid, HEDP; 2-phosphonobutane 1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, PBTC; and polyether polyamino phosphonic acid, PAPEP) evaluated, PAPEMP shows the best inhibition for gypsum precipitation. It has also been observed that presence of PAPEMP exhibits synergistic effect on the performance of PAA. Results on calcium ion compatibility of various phosphonates show that PAPEMP compared to other phosphonates tested show higher tolerance to calcium ions. Keywords: calcium sulfate dihydrate, precipitation, inhibition, polymer, phosphonates Properties : PAPE is a new kind of water treatment chemicals. PAPE has good scale and corrosion inhibition ability. Because more than one ployethylene glycol group is introduced into the molecular, the scale and corrosion inhibition for calcium scale is improved. PAPE has good inhibition effect for barium and strontium scales. PAPE has good scale inhibition effect for calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, it can mix well with polycarboxylic acid, organophoronic acid, phosphate and zinc salt. PAPE can be used as scale inhibitor for oilfield (recommended as alternatives of Nalco Visco 953) and industrial cool water system. Deposition of unwanted materials, including mineral scales, suspended matter, microbiological growth, and corrosion products, continues to plague the operation of industrial water systems. This article presents performance data on polyamino polyether methylene phosphonic acid (PAPEMP) on various mineral scales commonly encountered in boiler, cooling, desalination, geothermal, gas, and oil systems. Water that is available for domestic and industrial applications typically contains many impurities. These impurities are generally classified in five broad categories: • Dissolved inorganic compounds (i.e., carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and fluorides of calcium, magnesium, barium, and strontium; small amounts of copper [Cu], iron [Fe], and manganese [Mn]); and other substances • Dissolved gases (e.g., oxygen [O2], nitrogen [N2], carbon dioxide [CO2], and hydrogen sulfide [H2S]) • Suspended matter (e.g., clay, silt, fat, and oil) • Soluble organic compounds (e.g., humic acid, fulvic acid, and tannic acid) • Microorganisms (e.g., algae, bacteria, and fungi) The accumulation of unwanted deposits on equipment surfaces is a phenomenon that occurs in virtually all processes in which untreated water is heated. The deposition of these materials, especially on heat exchanger surfaces in boiler, cooling, geothermal, and distillation systems, can cause a number of operational problems such as plugged pipes and pumps, inefficient use of water treatment chemicals, increased operational costs, lost production due to system downtime, and ultimately heat exchanger failure. Greater water conservation has been a driver for operating industrial water systems at higher concentration cycles, which increases the potential for deposit buildup on heat exchanger surfaces. Operating industrial water systems under stressed conditions demands a better understanding of the feed and recirculating systems’ water chemistry as well as the development of innovative additives and technological approaches for controlling scale, deposit, corrosion, and biofouling. The most promising scale control method among various approaches involves adding substoichiometric dosages, typically a few ppm, of water-soluble additives to the feedwater. Additives commonly used in water treatment formulation fall into two categories: • Dissolved inorganic compounds (i.e., carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and fluorides of calcium, magnesium, barium, and strontium; small amounts of copper [Cu], iron [Fe], and manganese [Mn] ions; and other substances) • Polymeric (e.g., homopolymers of acrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, aspartic acid, and copolymers containing monomers of different functional groups) Although there are many phosphonates available, three of the most commonly used phosphonates in water treatment formulations are aminotrismethylene phosphonic acid (AMP); 1-hydroxyethylidine, 1,-1 diphosphonic acid (HEDP); and 2-phosphono-butane 1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC). However, under certain pH, concentration, and temperature conditions, phosphonates have been shown to precipitate in the presence of calcium ions. The precipitation of calcium phosphonate salts not only creates fouling of heat exchanger and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane surfaces, it also decreases the solution concentration of a phosphonate to such an extent that severe calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scaling can occur. The focus of this study is to evaluate the performance of polyamino polyether methylene phosphonic acid (PAPEMP) as an inhibitor for various scales (e.g., CaCO3, calcium sulfate dihydrate [CaSO4•2H2O], and calcium phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2]) and a stabilization agent for Fe(III) or Fe3+ ions. Experimental Protocols All chemicals were obtained from commercial sources. They include AMP, HEDP, PBTC, 2-hydroxyphosphono acetic acid (HPA), PAPEMP, and polyacrylic acid (PAA). Detailed procedures for reagents solution preparation; percent inhibition (%I) calculation for calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4•2H2O), CaCO3, Ca3(PO4)2, and Fe3+ stabilization; and instruments used are reported elsewhere.3-6 Table 1 lists the inhibitors tested. PAPEMP production process consists of 4 steps. Phosphorus acid is input into the reactor and its pH is adjusted by HCl. Polyetheramine is instilled and the reaction starts while the reactor is heated. Formaldehyde is input a few hours later. The reactor will be further heated and steamed for more hours. Usage:The good adaption to different situations enables PAPEMP widely used in boiler, cooling water system and oilfield reinjection water as antiscalant and corrosion inhibitor. For the same reason, PAPEMP is also applied in RO and multistep flash system. Recommend dosage is 5-100 ml/L. Unlike other organophosphonates, there is no optimum dosage for it. Higher the dosage, better the effect. Besides, PAPEMP works as a nutrient absorber in agriculture. It can also replace those more expensive color transfer inhibitors (eg. yellow turnback inhibitor) like EDTA, NTA, and DTPA in textile dyeing. Calcium carbonate scale inhibition by three inhibitors, polyacrylic acid (PAA), aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid (ATMP) and polyamino polyether methylenephosphonate (PAPEMP), has been investigated by the bubbling method, and the calcium carbonate scales formed in the absence and presence of inhibitors have been examined by SEM and XRD. It was found that ATMP shows “threshold effect” in the inhibition of CaCO3 scale, and the inhibition behavior of PAPEMP is similar to that of PAA: the “threshold effect” is not observed. In the presence of inhibitors, the normal growth of calcium carbonate is disturbed, and in the presence of PAPEMP, the scale morphology is similar to that in the presence of ATMP. The vaterite phase is effectively stabilized kinetically in the presence of PAA; ATMP takes second place, and PAPEMP can hardly stabilize kinetically the vaterite phase. Poly-amino poly-ether methylenephosphonic acid (PAPEMP)-containing corrosion and scale inhibitor Abstract The invention provides a poly-amino poly-ether methylenephosphonic acid (PAPEMP)-containing corrosion and scale inhibitor, belongs to the technical field of water treatment and relates to a corrosion and scale inhibitor. The corrosion and scale inhibitor comprises PAPEMP, a zinc salt, a dispersant, a copper corrosion inhibitor and water. The corrosion and scale inhibitor has a reasonable formula, has good use effects and a low production cost, is suitable for an open circulated cooling water system and is especially suitable for a high-hardness, high-basicity and high-pH circulated cooling water system. PAPEMP is excellent to the scale-inhibiting properties of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, effectively can suppresses the formation of silicon dirt simultaneously, and there is the effect of satisfactory stability metal ion as zinc, manganese, iron. PAPEMP is a new kind of water treatment agent. XF-335S (PAPEMP) has high chelation and dispersion effects, high value of calcium tolerance, and good scale inhibition effects. PAPEMP can be used as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water system and oilfield refill water system in situations of high hardness, high alkali and high pH value. PAPEMP has excellent scale inhibition ability to calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate. PAPEMP can efficiently inhibit the formation of silica scale, stabilize metal ions such as Zn, Mn and Fe. PAPEMP can be used as scale inhibitor for reverse osmosis system and multistepflash vaporization system in which high salt concentration, high turbidity and high temperature are usually encountered (such as high temperature and high turbidity in coal vaporization system), accessory agent for woven & dyeing, as alternatives of EDTA, DTPA and NTA . Calcium carbonate has been identified as the main problem associated with industrial cooling water scaling or deposition. The formation of calcium carbonate scale in industrial cooling water system has been known to pose significant problems to the industrial processes. The calcium carbonate scales or deposits will serve as a heat insulating layer that reduces heat transfer efficiency and hence require higher energy consumption to attain the desired cooling or heating effect (Prisciandaro et al., 2013). Therefore, it is vital to ensure that heat transfer surfaces on industrial cooling water systems are relatively free from calcium carbonate scaling problems. Most of the research works on crystal growth inhibition of industrial cooling water treatment program were conducted by a few multinational water treatment companies at their own research center. This valuable information is unfortunately not available to others due to trade secret. As such smaller water treatment companies that have limited resources have limited information in developing the right formulation in their cooling water treatment program. This study aims to provide such information so that it can be made available to enhance the technical competency of calcium carbonate scale inhibition. Calcium carbonate crystal growth inhibition by the simplest form of phosphate-containing compounds, orthophosphate, has been well studied by several researchers and orthophosphate concentration in the range of several milligrams per liter have been found to retard the crystal growth in seeded solutions. Adsorption of orthophosphate on calcium carbonate scale has been studied and found to change the structure of calcium carbonate crystal lattice. In another study, CaHPO4 was found to be the responsible species that absorbs on the calcium carbonate surface and inhibits further precipitation. The use of polyphosphates for calcium carbonate crystal growth inhibition was also investigated and sodium tri-polyphosphate was found to be the strongest inhibitor in a mono polyphosphate formulation followed by sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate. However, orthophosphate and polyphosphates were excluded in this study, driven by market trend towards low or non-phosphorus compounds used for such application in consideration of environmental issues such as eutrophication associated with phosphorus compounds. Calcium carbonate scale inhibition by organophosphorus compounds such as amino tris(methylene phosphonic acid) (ATMP), ethylene-diamine tetra(methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP), hexamethylenediamine tetra(methylenephosphonic acid) (HDTMP), diethylenetriamine penta(methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP) and PAPEMP were also being investigated. Results shown that the phosphonic group number and the methylene chain length play a vital role in the effectiveness of the inhibitors. Although the application of most organophosphorus compound contributes lesser phosphorus to the environment in relative term to orthophosphate and polyphosphates, some of the commonly used compounds such as ATMP still contains considerable amount of phosphorus (31 % as Phosphorus) and 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) (30 % as Phosphorus). Owing to the environmental consideration, this study has selected non-phosphorous polymeric compound represented by PMA and AA/MA copolymer and low phosphorus contributor PAPEMP (about 20 % as Phosphorus) for the tests. The inhibition of calcium carbonate crystal growth by PMA, PAPEMP and AA/MA copolymer was investigated via static beaker tests at typical water chemistries encountered in cooling water system. his study provides a method that enables the evaluation of scale inhibitors at the practical dosage level and economically viable range at various water chemistries encountered in the market place, thus providing a practical and useful solution and background formulation information to water treatment professionals to mitigate industrial cooling water scaling and deposition problems for a given water chemistries and condition. The desired inhibition efficiency of minimum 90 % was set up to evaluate and compare the performance of the above inhibitors.

PARA BENZOQUINONE

DESCRIPTION:


p-Benzoquinone, also known as para-quinone or 1,4-Benzoquinone, is used as a precursor to hydroquinone.
Ungraded products are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

CAS Number: 106-51-4
EC Number: 203-405-2
Molecular Formula: C6H4O2



Para-benzoquinone appears as a yellowish-colored crystalline solid with a pungent, irritating odor.
Para-benzoquinone is Poisonous by ingestion or inhalation of vapors.
Para-benzoquinone May severely damage skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
Para-benzoquinone is Used to make dyes and as a photographic chemical.

Para-benzoquinone is the simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone.
Para-benzoquinone is a metabolite of benzene.
Para-benzoquinone has a role as a cofactor, a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Quinone is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli





p-Benzoquinone (PBQ) is a cyclic conjugated diketone.
Its high-resolution photoelectron spectrum has been reported.
The visible and near ultraviolet spectra of PBQ have been recorded and analyzed.

Its addition as coagent has been reported to enhance the crosslinking rate of polypropylene initiated by the pyrolysis of peroxides.
Its impact on hemoglobin (Hb) has been investigated based on immunoblots and mass spectral analysis of a smoker′s blood

Para-benzoquinone, commonly known as para-quinone, is a chemical compound with the formula C6H4O2.
In a pure state, p-Benzoquinone forms bright-yellow crystals with a characteristic irritating odor, resembling that of chlorine, bleach, and hot plastic or formaldehyde.
This six-membered ring compound is the oxidized derivative of p-Benzoquinone.

The molecule is multifunctional: it exhibits properties of a ketone, being able to form oximes; an oxidant, forming the dihydroxy derivative; and an alkene, undergoing addition reactions, especially those typical for α,β-unsaturated ketones.
Para-benzoquinone is sensitive toward both strong mineral acids and alkali, which cause condensation and decomposition of the compound.

PREPARATION OF PARA -BENZOQUINONE:
p-Benzoquinone is prepared industrially by oxidation of hydroquinone, which can be obtained by several routes.
One route involves oxidation of diisopropylbenzene and the Hock rearrangement.
The net reaction can be represented as follows:

C6H4(CHMe2)2 + 3 O2 → C6H4O2 + 2 OCMe2 + H2O
The reaction proceeds via the bis(hydroperoxide) and the hydroquinone.
Acetone is a coproduct.

Another major process involves the direct hydroxylation of phenol by acidic hydrogen peroxide: C6H5OH + H2O2 → C6H4(OH)2 + H2O Both hydroquinone and catechol are produced.
Subsequent oxidation of the hydroquinone gives the quinone.

Quinone was originally prepared industrially by oxidation of aniline, for example by manganese dioxide.
This method is mainly practiced in PRC where environmental regulations are more relaxed.

Oxidation of hydroquinone is facile.
One such method makes use of hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizer and iodine or an iodine salt as a catalyst for the oxidation occurring in a polar solvent; e.g. isopropyl alcohol.

When heated to near its melting point, 1,4-benzoquinone sublimes, even at atmospheric pressure, allowing for an effective purification.
Impure samples are often dark-colored due to the presence of quinhydrone, a dark green 1:1 charge-transfer complex of quinone with hydroquinone


STRUCTURE AND REDOX:
C–C and C–O bond distances in benzoquinone (Q), its 1e reduced derivative (Q−), and hydroquinone (H2Q).
Benzoquinone is a planar molecule with localized, alternating C=C, C=O, and C–C bonds.
Reduction gives the semiquinone anion C6H4O2−}, which adopts a more delocalized structure.
Further reduction coupled to protonation gives the hydroquinone, wherein the C6 ring is fully delocalized.

REACTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF PARA-BENZOQUINONE:
Quinone is mainly used as a precursor to hydroquinone, which is used in photography and rubber manufacture as a reducing agent and antioxidant.
Benzoquinonium is a skeletal muscle relaxant, ganglion blocking agent that is made from benzoquinone.

Organic synthesis of p-Benzoquinone:
p-Benzoquinone is used as a hydrogen acceptor and oxidant in organic synthesis.
p-Benzoquinone serves as a dehydrogenation reagent.
p-Benzoquinone is also used as a dienophile in Diels Alder reactions.

Benzoquinone reacts with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid to give the triacetate of hydroxyquinol.
This reaction is called the Thiele reaction or Thiele–Winter reaction after Johannes Thiele, who first described it in 1898, and after Ernst Winter, who further described its reaction mechanism in 1900.
An application is found in this step of the total synthesis of Metachromin A:

An application of the Thiele reaction, involving a benzoquinone derivative.
Benzoquinone is also used to suppress double-bond migration during olefin metathesis reactions.

An acidic potassium iodide solution reduces a solution of benzoquinone to hydroquinone, which can be reoxidized back to the quinone with a solution of silver nitrate.

Due to its ability to function as an oxidizer, p-Benzoquinone can be found in methods using the Wacker-Tsuji oxidation, wherein a palladium salt catalyzes the conversion of an alkene to a ketone.
This reaction is typically carried out using pressurized oxygen as the oxidizer, but benzoquinone can sometimes preferred.
p-Benzoquinone is also used as a reagent in some variants on Wacker oxidations.

p-Benzoquinone is used in the synthesis of Bromadol and related analogs.

2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) is a stronger oxidant and dehydrogenation agent than 1,4-benzoquinone.
Chloranil 1,4-C6Cl4O2 is another potent oxidant and dehydrogenation agent.
Monochloro-p-benzoquinone is yet another but milder oxidant.

METABOLISM OF PARA-BENZOQUINONE:
p-Benzoquinone is a toxic metabolite found in human blood and can be used to track exposure to benzene or mixtures containing benzene and benzene compounds, such as petrol.
The compound can interfere with cellular respiration, and kidney damage has been found in animals receiving severe exposure.
p-Benzoquinone is excreted in its original form and also as variations of its own metabolite, hydroquinone.

Safety:
p-Benzoquinone is able to stain skin dark brown, cause erythema (redness, rashes on skin) and lead on to localized tissue necrosis.
p-Benzoquinone is particularly irritating to the eyes and respiratory system.
Its ability to sublime at commonly encountered temperatures allows for a greater airborne exposure risk than might be expected for a room-temperature solid.

IARC has found insufficient evidence to comment on the compound's carcinogenicity, but has noted that it can easily pass into the bloodstream and that it showed activity in depressing bone marrow production in mice and can inhibit protease enzymes involved in cellular apoptosis.



APPLICATION OF PARA-BENZOQUINONE:
p-Benzoquinone may be used to form benzofuranone derivatives on reacting with anilides of β-aminocrotonic acids via Nenitzescu reaction.
Dienophile employed in Diels-Alder cycloadditions to form naphthoquinones, and 1,4-phenanthrenediones.
Oxidant used in first step of greener amine synthesis from terminal olefins by Wacker oxidation followed by transfer hydrogenation of the resultant imine.

Para-Benzoquinone can be used as A free-radical inhibitor.
Para-Benzoquinone can be used as A catalyst to synthesize highly site-selective N1-alkylated benzotriazoles by N1-alkylation of benzotriazoles with diazo compounds.
Para-Benzoquinone can be used as A hydrogen acceptor and two electron oxidant in Pd-catalyzed Wacker oxidation of aryl olefins aldehydes.
Para-Benzoquinone can be used as A redox mediator in Pd-catalyzed anaerobic electrooxidative homocoupling of aryl-boron derivatives.


Para-Benzoquinone is used as a dienophile in Diels-Alder cycloadditions to prepare naphthoquinones and 1,4-phenanthrenediones.
Para-Benzoquinone acts as a dehydrogenation reagent and an oxidizer in synthetic organic chemistry.
In the Thiele-Winter reaction, it is involved in the preparation of triacetate of hydroxyquinol by reacting with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid.

Para-Benzoquinone is also used in the synthesis of bromadol and to suppress double- bond migration during olefin metathesis reactions.
Para-Benzoquinone is used as a precursor to hydroquinone which finds application in photography and as a reducing agent and an antioxidant in rubber production.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT PARA-BENZOQUINONE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product








CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PARA BENZOQUINONE:
Chemical formula C6H4O2
Molar mass 108.096 g•mol−1
Appearance Yellow solid
Odor Acrid, chlorine-like
Density 1.318 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Melting point 115 °C (239 °F; 388 K)
Boiling point Sublimes
Solubility in water 11 g/L (18 °C)
Solubility Slightly soluble in petroleum ether; soluble in acetone; 10% in ethanol, benzene, diethyl ether
Vapor pressure 0.1 mmHg (25 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -38.4•10−6 cm3/mol
Density 1.32 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point 77 °C
Ignition temperature 560 °C
Melting Point 112.5 - 113.5 °C
pH value 4 (1 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure 0.12 hPa (20 °C)
Bulk density 700 kg/m3
Solubility 10 g/l
Molecular Weight 108.09 g/mol
XLogP3 0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 2
Rotatable Bond Count 0
Exact Mass 108.021129366 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 108.021129366 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 34.1Ų
Heavy Atom Count 8
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 149
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes







SYNONYMS OF PARA BENZOQUINONE:

1,4-Benzochinon [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1,4-Benzoquinone [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1,4-Benzoquinone [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1,4-Dihydrobenzoquinone
1,4-Diossibenzene [Italian]
106-51-4 [RN]
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione [ACD/Index Name]
203-405-2 [EINECS]
773967 [Beilstein]
Benzo-chinon [German]
benzoquinone [Wiki]
cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
MFCD00001591 [MDL number]
para-benzoquinone
para-quinone
p-Benzoquinone
p-dioxobenzene
p-quinone
1, 4-Benzoquinone
1,4-Benzoquine
1,4-Benzoquinone|2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
1,4-Cyclohexadiene dioxide
1,4-Cyclohexadienedione
1,4-Dioxybenzene
1,4-Dioxy-benzol
1,4-quinone
1,4-苯醌 [Chinese]
19052-63-2 [RN]
2-(2,3-Dihydrobenzob1,4dioxin-6-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-diox aborolane
2,5-Cyclohexadien-1-one, 4-carbonyl- [ACD/Index Name]
2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-4-dione
2237-14-1 [RN]
3225-29-4 [RN]
4-Benzochinone [German]
51226-74-5 [RN]
54560-36-0 [RN]
6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,4-benzodioxane
6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo-1,4-dioxine
benzo-1,4-quinone
CYCLOHEXADIENEDIONE
Eldoquin
p-BQ
p-Chinon [German]
PLQ
p-Quinone, 1,4-Benzoquinone, 1,4-Cyclohexadiene-3,6-dione
Quinone203-405-2MFCD00001591
Steara PBQ
VS-02448
WLN: L6V DVJ
1,4-benzoquinone
2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
benzoquinone
NSC-36324
NSC36324
p-benzoquinone
para-benzoquinone
quinone
p-benzoquinone
1,4-BENZOQUINONE
Benzoquinone
Quinone
106-51-4
p-Quinone
cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
para-Benzoquinone
Chinone
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
para-Quinone
Cyclohexadienedione
1,4-Benzoquine
1,4-Cyclohexadienedione
1,4-Dioxybenzene
Steara pbq
p-Chinon
Benzo-chinon
Benzo-1,4-quinone
1,4-Diossibenzene
Chinon
1,4-Dioxy-benzol
1,4-Cyclohexadiene dioxide
Semiquinone anion
semiquinone radicals
RCRA waste number U197
NCI-C55845
p-Chinon [German]
Benzo-chinon [German]
Caswell No. 719C
USAF P-220
Chinon [Dutch, German]
Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
1,4-Benzochinon
NSC 36324
1,4-Dioxy-benzol [German]
CCRIS 933
1,4-Diossibenzene [Italian]
[1,4]benzoquinone
CHEBI:16509
HSDB 1111
Quinone1,4-Benzoquinone
EINECS 203-405-2
MFCD00001591
NSC-36324
UN2587
RCRA waste no. U197
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 059805
CHEMBL8320
UNII-3T006GV98U
AI3-09068
C6H4O2
DTXSID6020145
3T006GV98U
EC 203-405-2
1,4-Benzoquinone, 99%
DTXCID40145
1,4 benzoquinone
CAS-106-51-4
parabenzochinon
p-Benzoquinona
p-benzo-quinone
1,4-Benzokinon
Quinone; p-BQ
NSC36324
2,4-dione
p-BQ
BZQ (CHRIS Code)
Benzo-1,4-quinone #
QUINONE [MI]
(p-Phenylenedioxy)radical
Lopac-B-1266
QUINONE [WHO-DD]
Benzoquinone [UN2587]
D0M2EM
Epitope ID:116219
WLN: L6V DVJ
Chinon(DUTCH, GERMAN)
cid_4650
PARA-QUINONE [IARC]
Lopac0_000120
SCHEMBL18103
MLS002454445
Benzoquinone, p-; (Quinone)
GTPL6307
2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-4-dione
2,5-Ciclohexadieno-1,4-diona
BDBM22774
1,4-BENZOQUINONE [HSDB]
HMS2230N13
HMS3260G22
AMY21949
Benzoquinone [UN2587] [Poison]
1,4-BENZOQUINONE [USP-RS]
Tox21_202020
Tox21_302970
Tox21_500120
BBL010327
Benzoquinone [UN2587] [Poison]
c0261
LS-403
NA2587
STK398389
AKOS000119965
3,6-Dioxo-1,4-cyclohexadiene-1-ide
CCG-204215
LP00120
SDCCGSBI-0050108.P002
UN 2587
p-Benzoquinone, reagent grade, >=98%
NCGC00015139-01
NCGC00015139-02
NCGC00015139-03
NCGC00015139-04
NCGC00015139-05
NCGC00015139-06
NCGC00015139-07
NCGC00015139-10
NCGC00091053-01
NCGC00091053-02
NCGC00091053-03
NCGC00256505-01
NCGC00259569-01
NCGC00260805-01
SMR000326659
VS-02448
B0089
B0887
EU-0100120
EN300-19699
B 1266
C00472
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, radical ion(1-)
A801452
Q402719
SR-01000075705
J-503966
SR-01000075705-1
Z104474802
InChI=1/C6H4O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4
1,4-Benzoquinone, pharmaceutical secondary standard; traceable to USP
1,4-Benzoquinone, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione; QUINONE RING OF THE PLASTOQUINONE 9
1,4-Benzoquinone, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

cas no: 131-57-7 Benzophenone-3; 4-Methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone; (2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethanone; Oxybenzone; Uvinul M-40; Solaquin; 4-Methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone butyric acid; 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone;

Polyaluminum chlorohydrate; Polyaluminum hydroxychloride CAS NO:1327-41-9

cas no 57-10-3 n-Hexadecoic acid; Pentadecanecarboxylic acid; n-Hexadecanoic acid; 1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid; Cetylic acid; Hexadecylic acid;

PCBTF; 1-(Trifluoromethyl)-4-chlorobenzene; p-Chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-Toluene; (p-Chlorophenyl) Trifluoromethane; p-(Trifluoromethyl) Chlorobenzene; p-Chloro-alpha,alpha-Trifluorotoluene; ; p-Chlorotrifluoromethylbenzene; p-Trifluoromethylphenyl chloride; 4-Chlorobenzotrifluoride; 1-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene; 4-Chloro-alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene CAS NO:98-56-6

ci37107; NSC 15350; c.i.37107; tolyamine; р-Touidin; р-Touidine; NSC 114040; p-Toluidin; Tolylamine; p-toluidyna; P-TOLYLAMINE; P-AMINOTOLUENE; PARA-TOLUIDINE; P-METHYLANILINE; 1-Amino-4-methylbenzene; 4-Aminotoluen; 4-aminotoluen(czech); 4-methyl-benzenamin CAS NO:106-49-0

Parabens are chemicals that are commonly used as preservatives in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
Parabens are usually easy to identify by their name, such as methylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, or ethylparaben.


INCI Name: Methylparaben Propylparaben Butylparaben
Ingredient origins: Hydrocarbons
Role: Preservative



SYNONYMS:
methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, propyl 4-hydroxylbenzoate



Parabens are chemicals that are commonly used as preservatives in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
Chemically, Parabens are a series of parahydroxybenzoates or esters of parahydroxybenzoic acid (also known as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid).
Research is being conducted to evaluate the potential health implications of Parabens usage.


People can also be exposed to parabens by eating foods and beverages that do not just contain parabens but are also preserved with them.
In the 1970s, propylparaben was designated as “generally recognized as safe” for addition to food up to 0.1 percent.
Parabens are a group of chemicals most commonly used as: preservatives, antimicrobials, flavour enhancers, and fragrance ingredients.


Parabens are a family of ingredients used as preservatives in personal care products.
‘Paraben’ refers to many slightly different paraben forms, some of which can be found in nature.
Parabens are a type of synthetic preservative used to prolong the shelf life of certain ingredients.


By preventing bacteria and mold growth, Parabens allow products to survive for months—even years—in our bathrooms.
(Microorganisms love moisture, so without some sort of preservative, the shampoo sitting for weeks in your humid shower would turn all sorts of funky.)
Parabens are usually easy to identify by their name, such as methylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, or ethylparaben.


Other names for these are methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate and propyl 4-hydroxylbenzoate.
Parabens are actually several distinct chemicals with a similar molecular structure.
Several are common in a wide array cosmetic and personal care products: ethylparaben, butylparaben, isobutylparaben, isopropylparaben, methylparaben and propylparaben.


Methylparaben and propylparaben are the most common of these.
Parabens are most common in personal care products that contain significant amounts of water such as shampoos, conditioners, lotions and facial and shower cleansers and scrubs because they discourage the growth of microbes.


While the Cosmetic Ingredient Review recommends concentration limits for single (up to 0.4%) and total paraben concentrations (up to 0.8%) in a single product, these recommendations do not account for exposure to parabens from several products by a single individual.
Parabens are found in nearly all urine samples from U.S. adults regardless of ethnic, socioeconomic or geographic backgrounds.


In one biomonitoring study, adolescents and adult females had higher levels of methylparaben and propylparaben in their urine than did males of similar ages.
Parabens are not water soluble and can penetrate the skin.


As a result, repeated application of a product or multiple products containing parabens could mean almost continuous exposure.
The ubiquity of parabens in personal care products makes this a reasonable scenario.
Parabens enter the body through dermal absorption, ingestion and inhalation, and can enhance the actions of the natural estrogen known as estradiol.


Parabens are a group of compounds widely used as preservatives for their antimicrobial properties.
Parabens are a group of controversial preservatives that include butylparaben, isobutylparaben, propylparaben, methylparaben, and ethylparaben.
All of these were at one time the most widely used group of preservatives used in cosmetics.


Parabens were so popular because of their gentle, non-sensitizing, and highly effective profile in comparison to other preservatives but also because they were derived naturally from plants, a rare phenomenon for a preservative.
Parabens are found in plants in the form of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), a chemical that breaks down to become parabens for a plant’s own protection.


Parabens that are manufactured for consumables and personal care products are identical to those found in nature.
The most common types of Parabens are methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, isopropylparaben and isobutylparaben.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PARABENS:
Parabens are effective preservatives in many types of formulas.
These compounds, and their salts, Parabens are used primarily for their bactericidal and fungicidal properties.
Parabens are found in shampoos, commercial moisturizers, shaving gels, personal lubricants, topical/parenteral pharmaceuticals, sun-tan products, makeup, and toothpaste.


Parabens are also used as food preservatives.
Parabens are additionally found in pharmaceutical products such as topical treatments for wounds.
These treatments help heal wounds by keeping the skin moist and preventing infection.


The antimicrobial properties of parabens play a role in the effectiveness of the treatment.
This application is helpful for those who have chronic wounds and need to prevent infections as much as possible.
Parabens are a group of chemicals that are widely used as preservatives in cosmetics and personal care products such as deodorants, shower gels and body creams.


Parabens are preservatives commonly used in personal care products.
Preservatives are used in to inhibit the growth of microbes or bacteria, making the product safe to use and also extending its shelf lifei.
The three most common parabens in use are methylparaben, propylparaben and butylparaben.


These parabens are known to be eye and skin irritantsii, and have also been linked to breast cancer.
Parabens are not carcinogenic themselves, but they are endocrine disruptors, meaning they have an effect on the normal functioning of hormones within the bodyiii.


Parabens mimic oestrogen within the body, and increased oestrogen is involved with the increase in breast cells, which can also mean the increase in cancerous breast cellsiv.
Parabens are easily absorbed into the skin, being introduced into the system even after just one application.


This is a cause for concern considering Parabens are very often used in products that come into direct contact with the skin such body lotions and deodorants.
We don't use parabens at ecostore but we do still require the use of preservatives to keep our products free of microbes and able to be on the shelf for longer.


Parabens are the most widely used preservative in cosmetics.
Parabens are also used as fragrance ingredients, but consumers won’t find that listed on the label.
Fragrance recipes are considered trade secrets, so manufacturers are not required to disclose fragrance chemicals in the list of ingredients (see also Fragrance/Parfum).


An estimated 75 to 90 per cent of cosmetics contain parabens (typically at very low levels).
Parabens are synthetic chemicals that are used as preservatives in a variety of products, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food.
As preservatives, parabens give products a longer shelf-life and prevent harmful bacteria and mold from growing in the products, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).


Parabens are a family of related chemicals that are commonly used as preservatives in cosmetic products.
Preservatives may be used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and mold, in order to protect both the products and consumers.
Parabens used most commonly in cosmetics are methylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, and ethylparaben.


Product ingredient labels typically list more than one paraben in a product, and parabens are often used in combination with other types of preservatives to better protect against a broad range of microorganisms.
Parabens are chemicals that are used as preservatives to ward off substances — fungi, yeast, and bacteria, among others — that shorten the products' shelf life.


You can find Parabens in many of the products that you use every day.
Parabens are preservatives used in a wide variety of personal care products and foods to prevent the growth of microbes.
These endocrine-disrupting chemicals can be absorbed through skin, blood and the digestive system


Parabens are commonly added to cosmetics and other personal care products to prevent the growth of mold, bacteria and yeasts.
Methylparaben and propylparaben are the most commonly used parabens.
Parabens have been widespread in personal care products, foods and beverages since the 1920s.


Manufacturers use parabens to stabilize many personal care and food products and prolong their shelf life.
Without an effective preservative, many products, if used frequently, can get contaminated and become a breeding ground for bacteria, yeast and mold.
Parabens are odorless, tasteless and chemically stable, which makes them ideal for use in food and personal care products.


But safer alternatives are available.
Parabens are a group of preservative ingredients used in cosmetics, personal hygiene products, food products and pharmaceuticals.
Parabens are highly effective in preventing the growth of fungi, bacteria, and yeast that can cause products to spoil, helping to extend shelf life.


Preservatives like parabens may be used in cosmetics to protect against microbial (e.g., bacteria, fungus) growth, both to protect consumers and to maintain product integrity.
In the food industry, parabens have been used for more than 50 years as preservatives and anti-microbial agents.


Some fruits, such as blueberries, contain parabens as a naturally occurring preservative.
Parabens are widely used in confectioneries, cereal-based snacks, dried meats, and much more.
Parabens are chemical preservatives widely used in food and personal care products.


Parabens are a type of endocrine disruptor that may cause serious health harm, especially in the developing body.
If you’re concerned about the impact of parabens on your health, there are ways to avoid them.
Parabens are a group of chemicals that preserve our personal care products.


-blueberries uses of Parabens:
Parabens are derived from para-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) that occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables, such as cucumbers, cherries, carrots, blueberries and onions.

Parabens also is naturally formed in the human body by the breakdown of some amino acids.
Parabens used in cosmetics are identical to those found in nature, and the human body quickly changes them into natural PHBA and eliminates them.


-cosmetics uses of Parabens:
Parabens (including methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, isopropylparaben, and isobutylparaben) may be used in products such as makeup, moisturizers, and hair care and shaving products.
Contrary to some reports, most major brands of deodorants and antiperspirants no longer contain parabens.


-Parabens can be ingredients in a number of everyday products, such as:
*drugs
*cosmetics
*pesticides
*natural health products
Some parabens are permitted food additives and can also occur naturally in some foods.



PRODUCTS THAT CONTAIN PARABENS:
-Personal care.
Some products with parabens that you might find in your home are: Shampoo, conditioner, and other hair care products
*Moisturizers and lotions


-Makeup
*Shaving products
In the past, parabens were also used in deodorants and antiperspirants.
Today, many brands have removed parabens as ingredients in their products, but some may still use these chemicals.

Cosmetics and personal care products that are sold in the U.S. are required to list all of their ingredients on the packaging.
This way, you can see if there are parabens or other ingredients or chemicals in them that you want to stay away from.


-Food and drinks.
For the past 50 years, parabens have also been added to foods to stop the growth of microorganisms.
You might find parabens in:
*Cereals
*Candy
*Dried meats
*Beer
*Sauces
*Processed veggies
*Frozen dairy products
*Jams
*Pickles
*Flavored syrups


-Pharmaceuticals
If parabens weren’t added to these foods, they would spoil quicker, and you'd have a higher risk of ingesting food that isn’t safe to eat.
Some foods, like blueberries and barley, have naturally occurring parabens in them.



WHAT KINDS OF PRODUCTS CONTAIN PARABENS?
Parabens are used in a wide variety of cosmetics, as well as in foods and drugs.
Cosmetics that may contain parabens include makeup, moisturizers, hair care products, and shaving products, among others.
Many major brands of deodorants do not currently contain parabens, although some may.



TYPES OF PARABENS:
Parabens have been added to cosmetics and other products since the 1920s.
If you read the ingredients on a bottle of shampoo or foundation, you may see the names of six of the most common ones:
*Methylparaben
*Ethylparaben
*Propylparaben
*Isopropylparaben
*Butylparaben
*Isobutylparaben



PARABENS AT A GLANCE:
*Parabens are a group of chemicals that prevent the growth of mold, bacteria and yeasts.
*Parabens are often added to cosmetics and personal care products to increase shelf-life and stability.



WHERE ARE PARABENS FOUND?
Parabens are most commonly found in cosmetics and personal care items such as lotions, sunscreen, antiperspirants, makeup and hair products.
Parabens may also be found in chewing gum and mouthwash



KEY POINTS/OVERVIEW OF PARABENS:
Parabens are derived from para-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) that occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables, such as cucumbers, cherries, carrots, blueberries and onions.

Parabens used in cosmetics are identical to those found in nature, and the human body quickly changes them into natural PHBA and eliminates them.
Parabens have been safely used for almost 100 years as preservatives in the food, drug and personal care and cosmetic industries.
Several commonly used parabens have been designated as “Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS)” for such uses by the FDA since the early 1970s.



TYPES OF PARABENS:
Cosmetics typically contain mixtures of different types of parabens.
The most commonly used six types of Parabens are methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, isopropyl-, butyl- and isobutylparaben.

The so-called shorter-chain parabens, methyl- and ethyl-, are commonly used in combination, whereas butylparaben is often used alone.
The longer-chain parabens, propyl- and butyl-, are linked to stronger estrogenic activity.
The branched structure has been shown to increase estrogenic activity as well as sensitization potency.



WHAT PRODUCTS CONTAIN PARABENS:
Parabens are used in a wide variety of leave-on and rinse-off products, especially those with a high water content, such as shampoos and conditioners, which people use every day.
Parabens's antimicrobial properties are most effective against fungi and gram positive bacteria.

Moisturizers, face and skin cleaners, sunscreens, deodorants, shaving gels, toothpastes, makeup and many other products contain parabens.
Parabens are absorbed into the body through the skin, metabolized and excreted in urine and bile.

However, daily use of a product or multiple products containing parabens results in direct and continuous exposure, as indicated by nearly ubiquitous detection in biomonitoring surveys.

Personal care products are the greatest contributors to Parabens exposure, as seen in studies comparing paraben levels in the bodies of women, men, adolescents and children who regularly use cosmetics and those who do not.

Adolescent girls who wear makeup every day had 20 times the levels of propylparaben in their urine compared to those who never or rarely wear makeup.
The use of body and face lotions, hair products, sunscreens and makeup have all been predictors of and correlated with remarkably increased levels of urinary parabens.



CHEMISTRY OF PARABENS:
Structure;
Parabens are esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid, from which the name is derived.
Common parabens include methylparaben (E number E218), ethylparaben (E214), propylparaben (E216), butylparaben and heptylparaben (E209).

Less common parabens include isobutylparaben, isopropylparaben, benzylparaben and their sodium salts.
The general chemical structure of a paraben is shown at the top right of this page, where R symbolizes an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl.



SYNTHESIS OF PARABENS:
All commercially used parabens are synthetically produced, although some are identical to those found in nature.
Parabens are produced by the esterification of para-hydroxybenzoic acid with the appropriate alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, or n-propanol.
para-Hydroxybenzoic acid is in turn produced industrially from a modification of the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction, using potassium phenoxide and carbon dioxide.



BIOLOGICAL MODE OF ACTION OF PARABENS:
Parabens are active against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.
However, Parabens's antibacterial mode of action is not well understood.

Parabens are thought to act by disrupting membrane transport processes or by inhibiting synthesis of DNA and RNA or of some key enzymes, such as ATPases and phosphotransferases, in some bacterial species.
Propylparaben is considered more active against more bacteria than methylparaben.

The stronger antibacterial action of propylparaben may be due to its greater solubility in the bacterial membrane, which may allow it to reach cytoplasmic targets in greater concentrations.

However, since a majority of the studies on the mechanism of action of parabens suggest that their antibacterial action is linked to the membrane, it is possible that its greater lipid solubility disrupts the lipid bilayer, thereby interfering with bacterial membrane transport processes and perhaps causing the leakage of intracellular constituents.



WHAT PRODUCTS HAVE PARABENS?
Sooo many.
You’ll typically find Parabens in products with a high water content—think shampoos, conditioners, lotions, shaving gels, toothpastes, the list goes on.
Parabens are a hot topic in the beauty world, but they’re also widely used as food preservatives—so much so that scientists have detected them in most grocery store food products.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PARABENS:
INCI Name: Methylparaben Propylparaben Butylparaben
Ingredient origins: Hydrocarbons
Role: Preservative
Common name: Parabens



FIRST AID MEASURES of PARABENS:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PARABENS:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PARABENS:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PARABENS:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PARABENS:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PARABENS:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available