FORMALDEHYDE, N° CAS : 50-00-0 - Méthanal / Formol, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : FORMALDEHYDE, Nom chimique : Formaldehyde, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-001-8, Additif alimentaire : E240, Ses fonctions (INCI). Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes

Synonyms: Oligo tartaric acid;Tartaric acid, oligomer CAS: 31054-64-5

METHANE SULPHONIC ACID; MSA, Sulphomethane; Acide methanesulfonique; Acide methanesulfonique, Kyselina methansulfonova; Methylsulphonic acid; ácido metanosulfónico; Methansulfonsäure; cas no: 75-75-2

Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid belonging to the family of carboxylic acids.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) (IUPAC systematic name: propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.


CAS Number: 141-82-2
EC Number: 205-503-0
MDL number: MFCD00002707
Linear Formula: CH2(COOH)2
Molecular Formula: C3H4O4


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a white crystalline substance that quickly dissolves in water and oxygenated solutions.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has a breakdown temperature of 135 °C.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s ionized form, esters and salts are known as malonates, such as the diethyl malonate, which is malonic acid’s diethyl ester.


The molecular weight of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is 104.061 g/mol, and its density is 1.619g/cm3.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s melting point is 135 to 137°C and it decomposes above the boiling point of 140°C.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) or propanedioic acid is the second smallest aliphatic dicarboxylic acid with oxalic acid being the smallest.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can be confused with maleic or malic acid as both contain two carboxyl groups, but it is different.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) differs from these two acids in terms of properties, structure, etc.
The name of this acid is derived from the Greek word Malon which means apple.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) on heating gives acetic acid.
French Chemist Victor Dessaignes was the first person to prepare this acid in 1858 by oxidation of malic acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s name originated from the Greek word Malon which means Apple.


This is because malonic or propanedioic acid is found in some fruits.
Greater concentrations of this acid in citrus are found in fruits generated in organic farming compared to fruits generated in conventional farming.
In 2004, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) was listed by the US Department of Energy as one of the top 30 chemicals to be produced from biomass.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid belonging to the family of carboxylic acids.
A dicarboxylic acid contains two carboxylic acid functional groups.
Usually, a dicarboxylic acid exhibits the same chemical behavior as monocarboxylic acids.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) naturally occurs in certain fruits.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a useful organic compound with various benefits.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s IUPAC name is propanedioic acid.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) should not be confused with malic or maleic acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), also known as malonate or H2MALO, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.


These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.


Within humans, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) and acetic acid can be converted into acetoacetic acid; which is mediated by the enzyme fatty acid synthase.


Beta ketoacyl synthase domain: In addition, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)and coenzyme A can be biosynthesized from malonyl-CoA through its interaction with the enzyme fatty acid synthase.
malonyl/acetyl transferase domain: An Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.


In humans, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis.
Outside of the human body, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as red beetroots, corns, scarlet beans, common beets, and cow milks.


This could make Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as eosinophilic esophagitis, combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria, and early preeclampsia; Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder malonyl-coa decarboxylase deficiency.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.
These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) (IUPAC systematic name: propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.


The ionized form of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s diethyl ester.
The name originates from the Greek word μλον (malon) meaning 'apple'.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), or propanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid that forms a solid at room temperature.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) sublimes in vacuum.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) appears as white crystals or crystalline powder. Sublimes in vacuum.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has a role as a human metabolite.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a lipid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a conjugate acid of a malonate(1-).
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) (IUPAC systematic name: propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.


The ionized form of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s diethyl ester.
The name originates from the Greek word μᾶλον (malon) meaning 'apple'.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) (IUPAC systematic name: propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionised form of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s ethyl ester.


The name originates from Latin malum, meaning apple.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) (IUPAC systematic name: Propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionised form of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.


For example, diethyl malonate is Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s ethyl ester.
The name originates from Latin malum, meaning apple.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is the archetypal example of a competitive inhibitor: Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has a role as a human metabolite.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a conjugate acid of a malonate(1-).
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid used as a precursor to certain polyesters and is a component in alkyd resins.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structural formula CH2(COOH)2 and chemical formula C3H4O4.


The name Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) originated from the word ‘Malon’ which is Greek for ‘apple’.
The IUPAC name of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is Propanedioic acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic acid is another name for Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).


The ester and salts of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) are called malonates.
The dicarboxylic acid has organic reactions similar to the monocarboxylic acid where amide, ester, anhydride, and chloride derivatives are formed.
Lastly, the malonic ester malonate as a coenzyme A derivative malonyl CoA that is as important a precursor as Acetyl CoA in the biosynthesis of fatty acids.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has a white crystal or crystalline powder structure.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is naturally occurring and can be found in many vegetables, fruits.
The dicarboxylic acid compound was first prepared by Victor Dessaignes by the oxidation reaction of malic acid.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) (IUPAC systematic name: propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionized form of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s diethyl ester.


The name originates from the Greek word μᾶλον (malon) meaning 'apple'.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) (MA), also known as propanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has three kinds of crystal forms, of which two are triclinic, and one is monoclinic.


That crystallized from ethanol is white triclinic crystals.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) decomposes to acetic acid and carbon dioxide at 140℃.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) does not decompose at 1.067×103~1.333×103Pa vacuum, but directly sublimates.


The ionised form of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s ethyl ester.
The name originates from Latin malum, meaning apple.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has a role as a human metabolite.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a conjugate acid of a malonate(1-).


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a white crystals or crystalline powder.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) sublimes in vacuum.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is water soluble.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C3H4O4 and the structural formula CH2(COOH)2.
The word 'malonic acid' comes from the Greek word ‘malon', which means 'apple.'
Propanedioic acid is the IUPAC designation for Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also known as Methane Dicarboxylic acid.
Malonates are the ester and salts of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
The organic reactions of the Dicarboxylic acid are identical to those of the Monocarboxylic acid, with the formation of amide, ester, anhydride, and chloride derivatives.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is the prototypical competitive inhibitor, acting against succinate dehydrogenase in the respiratory electron transport chain.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), also known as Carboxyacetic Acid, Dicarboxymethane, and Propanedioic Acid has the chemical formula C3H4O4.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) appears as a white, odorless crystal or crystalline powder.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is soluble in Water, Ether, and Alcohol.
Upon heating to decomposition temperature, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) emits irritating fumes and acrid smoke.


Propanedioic acid, or Dicarboxymethane, is another name for Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
The name Malon is taken from a Greek word that means apple.
Malonates, as well as their esters and salts, are the ionized form of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).


Alcohol, pyridine, and ether dissolve in Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
By oxidizing Malic acid, the French scientist Victor Dessaignes created Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) for the first time in 1858. Some fruits, such as citrus fruits, contain Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).


The quantity of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) generated by organically cultivated fruits is higher than that produced by conventionally grown fruits.
Glucose fermentation may be used to make Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) appears as a crystalline powder or a white crystal.



USES and APPLICATIONS of METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a precursor to specialty polyesters.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can be converted into 1,3-propanediol for use in polyesters and polymers (whose usefulness is unclear though).
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a common intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry and is frequently used in veterinary medicine.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also used as a flavouring agent in certain foods.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can also be a component in alkyd resins, which are used in a number of coatings applications for protecting against damage caused by UV light, oxidation, and corrosion.


One application of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is in the coatings industry as a crosslinker for low-temperature cure powder coatings, which are becoming increasingly valuable for heat sensitive substrates and a desire to speed up the coatings process.
The global coatings market for automobiles was estimated to be $18.59 billion in 2014 with projected combined annual growth rate of 5.1% through 2022.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in a number of manufacturing processes as a high value specialty chemical including the electronics industry, flavors and fragrances industry, specialty solvents, polymer crosslinking, and pharmaceutical industry.
In 2004, annual global production of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) and related diesters was over 20,000 metric tons.


Potential growth of these markets could result from advances in industrial biotechnology that seeks to displace petroleum-based chemicals in industrial applications.
In food and drug applications, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can be used to control acidity, either as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulation or natural preservative additive for foods.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a building block chemical to produce numerous valuable compounds, including the flavor and fragrance compounds gamma-nonalactone, cinnamic acid, and the pharmaceutical compound valproate.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) (up to 37.5% w/w) has been used to cross-link corn and potato starches to produce a biodegradable thermoplastic; the process is performed in water using non-toxic catalysts.


Starch-based polymers comprised 38% of the global biodegradable polymers market in 2014 with food packaging, foam packaging, and compost bags as the largest end-use segments.
This dicarboxylic acid, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), finds application across various industries, including automobiles, food, fragrance, and pharmaceuticals.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a precursor in polyester and other polymers.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a flavoring agent in the fragrance industry.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is suitable for controlling acidity.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) finds usage in pharmaceutical products.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the manufacture of biodegradable containers.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also a component of surgical adhesives.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) serves as a cross-linking agent between cornstarch and potato starch to enhance its properties.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used for the preparation of barbituric salt.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in electroplating.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the production of vitamins– B1, B6, B2, and amino acids.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can also be used as a component in alkyd resins.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is widely used in several coating applications to protect objects against UV light damage, oxidation, and corrosion.


A common application of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is as a crosslinker for low-temperature powder coatings.
These are valuable for heat-sensitive substrates.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is on the US Department of Energy’s list of top chemicals for biomass production.


In food and drug applications, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a natural preservative additive for foods.
Its therapeutic uses include the prevention of resorption of bone tissue in broiler chicks by adding Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) to feed.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) and its esters are mainly used in pharmaceutical intermediates, spices, adhesives, resin additives, electroplating polishing agents, thermal welding flux additives, and other aspects.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a complexing agent and also in the preparation of barbiturate salts.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an intermediate of the fungicide rice blast and the plant growth regulator indole ester.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce Ruminal, Barbital, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B6, Phenylbutazone, Amino Acids, etc


As a surface treatment agent for aluminum, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) only generates water and carbon dioxide during thermal decomposition, so there is no pollution problem.
In this regard, compared with acid type treatment agents such as formic acid used in the past, it has great advantages.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of barbiturates and other pharmaceuticals.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a component used as a stabilizer in many high-end cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also used as building block in chemical synthesis, specifically to introduce the molecular group -CH2-COOH.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used for the introduction of an acetic acid moiety under mild conditions by Knoevenagel condensation and subsequent decarboxylation.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is acts as a building block in organic synthesis.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also useful as a precursor for polyesters and alkyd resins, which is used in coating applications, thereby protecting against UV light, corrosion and oxidation.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a cross linker in the coating industry and surgical adhesive.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) finds application in the production of specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, polymer cross linkers and pharmaceuticals.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used for the preparation of cinnamic acid, a compound used for the formation of cin metacin which is an anti-inflammatory.


The malonates are used in syntheses of B1 and B6, barbiturates, and several other valuable compounds.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in cosmetics as a buffering and as a flavouring agent in food.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a component of alkyd resins, used in coating applications to protect from UV rays, oxidation, and corrosion.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a precursor for conversion to 1,3-propanediol, which is a compound used in polyesters and polymers with the huge market size.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a building block to many valuable compounds in food and drug applications, pharmaceutical, electronics industry, fragrances, specialty polymer, specialty solvents, and many more.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used Plating agent, Surface treating agent, Intermediate, Buffer, and Cross-linking agent.
Commercial/Industrial Applications of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid): Laboratory chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, and Paint industry.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a building block in organic synthesis.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also useful as a precursor for polyesters and alkyd resins, which is used in coating applications, thereby protecting against UV light, corrosion and oxidation.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a cross linker in the coating industry and surgical adhesive.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) finds application in the production of specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, polymer cross linkers and pharmaceuticals.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) and its esters are mainly used in pharmaceutical intermediates, spices, adhesives, resin additives, electroplating polishing agents, thermal welding flux additives, and other aspects.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a complexing agent and also in the preparation of barbiturate salts.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an intermediate of the fungicide rice blast and the plant growth regulator indole ester.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce Ruminal, Barbital, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B6, Phenylbutazone, Amino Acids, etc.


As a surface treatment agent for aluminum, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) only generates water and carbon dioxide during thermal decomposition, so there is no pollution problem.
In this regard, compared with acid type treatment agents such as formic acid used in the past, it has great advantages.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is utilized as a precursor for the conversion of 1,3-propanediol, a widely used chemical in polyesters and polymers.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used to make cinnamic acid, which is a chemical that is utilised to make the anti-inflammatory cin metacin.


Malonates are used to make B1 and B6, barbiturates, and a variety of other useful chemicals.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)utilized as a buffering agent in cosmetics and as a flavoring ingredient in food items.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a component of alkyd resins, which are used to protect surfaces against UV radiation, oxidation, and corrosion.


-Biotechnological Applications of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid):
The calcium salt of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) occurs in high concentrations in beetroot.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) exists in its normal state as white crystals.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor: Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain.



PROPERTIES OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) molecular weight: 104.061 g.mol-1
The density of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is 1.619 g/cm3.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) appears as a crystalline powder that is white or colourless.

At the boiling point above 140oC Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) decomposes.
The melting point of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is 135-137o C.
If heated to decomposition under fire Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) emits carbon oxide fumes and acrid irritating smoke.
Acidity of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is pKa = 2.85 at 25oC. pKa1 = 2.83, pKa2 = 5.69

The molar heat of combustion of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is 864 kJ/mol.
The heat of vaporization of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is 92 kJ/mol.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is soluble in water.
Solubility of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is 763 g/L.



METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID) STRUCTURAL FORMULA:
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) Lewis structure has been found by the X-ray crystallography method.
The Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) structure CH2(COOH)2 has two carboxylic acids.
The salts and esters of malonic acid (malonates) have structures similar to Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).



BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), in the respiratory electron transport chain.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) binds to the active site of the enzyme without reacting, competing with the usual substrate succinate but lacking the ?CH2CH2? group required for dehydrogenation.
This observation was used to deduce the structure of the active site in succinate dehydrogenase.



STRUCTURE OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The X-ray crystallography technique was used to discover the Lewis structure of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has two Carboxylic Acids in its structure CH2(COOH)2.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) salts and esters (malonates) have structures that are comparable to malonic acid.



SIGNIFICANCE OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an example of a competitive inhibitor.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) functions in the ETS chain against succinate dehydrogenase in respiration.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is related to a deficiency of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase that leads to an inborn metabolism mistake.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) serves as a potential biomarker for tracking foods that contain malonic acids.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) finds usage in various industries.



SYNTHESIS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The synthesis of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) usually begins with chloroacetic acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also synthesized by cyanoacetic acid or by acid saponification reaction of malonates.
From monochloroacetic acid, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is produced by sodium or potassium cyanide.

The sodium carbonate primarily breaks down to give sodium salt which reacts with sodium cyanide to give sodium salt of cyanoacetic acid by the process of nucleophilic substitution.
Further, via hydrolyzation, the nitrile group binds with sodium malonate, whose acidification results in the production of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).



PURIFICATION METHODS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Crystallise Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) from *benzene/diethyl ether (1:1) containing 5% of pet ether (b 60-80o), wash with diethyl ether, then recrystallise it from H2O or acetone.
Dry Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) under vacuum over conc H2SO4



METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID) FORMULA:
The Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) formula is C3H4O4.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also called propanedioic acid or dicarboxymethane, and the formula is written as CH₂(COOH)₂.



REACTIONS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
In a well - known reaction, malonic acid condenses with urea to form barbituric acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also frequently used as an enolate in Knoevenagel condensations or condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid.
The esters of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) are also used as a - CH2COOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis.



HISTIRY OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
In 1858, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) was prepared for the first time by a French chemist –Victor Dessaignes.
He oxidized malic acid with potassium dichromate, which is a strong oxidizing agent.
Later Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) was found to occur in some fruits viz citrus fruits.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can also be produced by fermenting glucose.



CALCULATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The formula of malonic acid is C3H4O4.
The atomic weight of carbon is 12.011.
The atomic weight of oxygen is 15.999.
The atomic weight of hydrogen is 1.00784.

So, its molar mass can be calculated as follows:
= (3 × 12.011) + (4 × 1.00784) + (4 × 15.999)
= 36.033 + 4. 03136 + 63.996
= 104.06 grams/ mol
Thus, the molar mass or molecular weight of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is 104.061 g/mol.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The chemical properties of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) are as follows:
On Heating
When Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is heated, it gives acetic acid and carbon dioxide.
Reaction with Phosphorus Pentoxide
On heating a dry mixture of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) and phosphorus pentoxide, carbon suboxide is prepared.



PREPARATION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can be prepared with chloroacetic acid (also called mono chloroacetic acid).
Sodium carbonate gives sodium salt.
The salt reacts with sodium cyanide.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction gives rise to cyanoacetic acid salt.

The nitrile group is hydrolyzed with NaOH to produce sodium malonate.
The acidification of sodium malonate gives Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
The following diagram represents the steps mentioned above:

*Industrial Preparation:
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can also be produced by hydrolyzing diethyl malonate or dimethyl malonate.



FORMULA OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C3H4O4 and structural formula CH2(COOH)2
Propanedioic acid is the IUPAC name of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), and another name for the acid is Methane Dicarboxylic acid. Malonates are its esters and salts.
There are three carbons with four hydrogen molecules and four oxygen molecules attached.
The two OH groups are attached with two carbons.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Solubility: Dissolves in alcohol, pyridine, and ether.
Molecular Wt/ Molar Mass: 104.06 g/mol
Density: 1.619 g/cm³
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Melting Point: 135 to 137°C
Nature: Acidic
Color: White
Stability: Usually stable under recommended conditions
Molar heat of combustion: 864 kJ/mol
The heat of vaporization: 92 kJ/mol
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) does not have a chiral center.
So, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) doesn’t exhibit optical isomerism.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a hygroscopic solid that sublimes in a vacuum.



DID YOU KNOW, METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Several food substances contain Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), including:
● Red beetroots
● Corns
● Common beets
● Scarlet beans
● Cow’s milk
Its occurrence in food items makes Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) a potential biomarker indicating the consumption of these foods.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
*1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
*1,3-dicarbonyl compound
*Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a white crystalline solid that decomposes at approximately 135°C.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has high solubility in water and oxygenated solvents and exhibits greater acidity than acetic acid, which has a pK value of 4.75.
The pKa values for the loss of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s first and second protons are 2.83 and 5.69, respectively.

Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is slightly soluble in pyridine.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can decompose to formic acid and carbon dioxide in case of potassium permanganate.
Since Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) generates carbon dioxide and water after heated without pollution problems, it can be directly used as aluminum surface treatment agent.



PREPARATION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is usually produced from chloroacetic acid.



REACTION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The chloroacetic acid is added to the reaction kettle by adding sodium carbonate aqueous solution to generate sodium chloroacetate aqueous solution, and then 30% sodium cyanide solution is slowly added dropwise, and the reaction is carried out at a predetermined temperature to generate sodium cyanoacetate.
After the cyanation reaction is completed, add sodium hydroxide for heating and hydrolysis to generate sodium malonate solution, concentrate, then dropwise add sulfuric acid for acidification to generate Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), filter and dry to obtain the product.



PREPARATION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID) FROM CHLOROACETIC ACID:
This method often does not produce a pure enough product or the pure product has an extremely low yield.
Industrially, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also produced by hydrolyzing dimethyl malonate or diethyl malonate.
This manufacturing method is able to bring about a higher yield and purity, but the organic synthesis of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) through these processes is extremely costly and environmentally hazardous.



RELATED COMPOUNDS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
*Other anions
Malonate
*Related carboxylic acids
Oxalic acid
Propionic acid
Succinic acid
Fumaric acid
*Related compounds
Malondialdehyde
Dimethyl malonate



PATHOLOGY OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
If elevated Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) levels are accompanied by elevated methylmalonic acid levels, this may indicate the metabolic disease combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria (CMAMMA).
By calculating the Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) to methylmalonic acid ratio in blood plasma, CMAMMA can be distinguished from classic methylmalonic acidemia.



BIOCHEMISTRY OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), in the respiratory electron transport chain.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) binds to the active site of the enzyme without reacting, competing with the usual substrate succinate but lacking the −CH2CH2− group required for dehydrogenation.

This observation was used to deduce the structure of the active site in succinate dehydrogenase.
Inhibition of this enzyme decreases cellular respiration.
Since Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a natural component of many foods, it is present in mammals including humans.



RELATED CHEMICALS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The fluorinated version of malonic acide is difluoromalonic acid
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is diprotic; that is, it can donate two protons per molecule.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s first is 2.8 and the second is 5.7.
Thus the malonate ion can be HOOCCH2COO− or CH2(COO)2−2.

Malonate or propanedioate compounds include salts and esters of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), such as:
*Diethyl malonate
*Dimethyl malonate
*Disodium malonate
*Malonyl-CoA



ORGANIC REACTIONS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) reacts as a typical carboxylic acid: forming amide, ester, anhydride, and chloride derivatives.
Malonic anhydride can be used as an intermediate to mono-ester or amide derivatives, while malonyl chloride is most useful to obtain diesters or diamides.

In a well-known reaction, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) condenses with urea to form barbituric acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) may also be condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid, a versatile intermediate in further transformations.
The esters of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) are also used as a −CH2COOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis.

Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is the starting substrate of mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFASII), in which it is converted to malonyl-CoA by malonyl-CoA synthetase (ACSF3).

Additionally, the coenzyme A derivative of malonate, malonyl-CoA, is an important precursor in cytosolic fatty acid biosynthesis along with acetyl CoA.
Malonyl CoA is formed there from acetyl CoA by the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and the malonate is transferred to an acyl carrier protein to be added to a fatty acid chain.

Briggs–Rauscher reaction
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a key component in the Briggs–Rauscher reaction, the classic example of an oscillating chemical reaction.



KNOEVENAGEL CONDENSATION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
In Knoevenagel condensation, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) or its diesters are reacted with the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone, followed by a dehydration reaction.
Z=COOH (Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)) or Z=COOR' (malonate ester)

When Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) itself is used, it is normally because the desired product is one in which a second step has occurred, with loss of carbon dioxide, in the so-called Doebner modification.
The Doebner modification of the Knoevenagel condensation.
Thus, for example, the reaction product of acrolein and Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) in pyridine is trans-2,4-Pentadienoic acid with one carboxylic acid group and not two.



PREPARATION OF CARBON SUBOXIDE FROM METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Carbon suboxide is prepared by warming a dry mixture of phosphorus pentoxide (P4O10) and Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) reacts in a similar way to malonic anhydride, forming malonates.



BIOCHEMISTRY OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The calcium salt of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) occurs in high concentrations in beetroot.
It exists in its normal state as white crystals.



ORGANIC SYNTHESIS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
A classical preparation of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) starts from acetic acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is chlorinated to chloroacetic acid.
Sodium carbonate generates the sodium salt which is then reacted with sodium cyanide to the cyano acetic acid salt in a nucleophilic substitution.
The nitrile group can be hydrolysed with sodium hydroxide to sodium malonate and acidification affords Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).



ORGANIC REACTIONS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
In a well known reaction Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) condenses with urea to barbituric acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is frequently used as an enolate in Knoevenagel condensations or condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid.
Its esters are also used for the -CH2COOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis.



SYNTHESIS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Chloroacetic acid is generally used to start the production of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can also be made from cyanoacetic acid or the acid saponification of malonates.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is made from monochloroacetic acid and sodium or potassium cyanide.
By the process of Nucleophilic Substitution, sodium carbonate breaks down to provide sodium salt, which combines with sodium cyanide to give sodium salt of cyanoacetic acid.
Furthermore, the nitrile group attaches to sodium malonate through hydrolysis, resulting in the formation of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).



STRUCTURE AND PREPARATION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The structure of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has been determined by X-ray crystallography and extensive property data including for condensed phase thermochemistry are available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
A classical preparation of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) starts from chloroacetic acid:


*Preparation of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) from chloroacetic acid:
Sodium carbonate generates the sodium salt, which is then reacted with sodium cyanide to provide the sodium salt of cyanoacetic acid via a nucleophilic substitution.
The nitrile group can be hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to sodium malonate, and acidification affords Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
Industrially, however, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is produced by hydrolysis of dimethyl malonate or diethyl malonate.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)has also been produced through fermentation of glucose.



OCCURRENCE OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an organic compound naturally found in some fruits.
Fruits produced in organic farming have greater concentrations of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) than those generated from conventional farming practices.

Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is often found in some citrus fruits and vegetables.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a component of food items, it is present in animals, including humans.

The name of this acid is derived from the Greek word Malon.
It means apple.
The ionized form of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is malonate, along with its salts and esters.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) occurs as a white crystal or crystalline powder in nature.



HISTORY OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a naturally occurring substance found in many fruits and vegetables.
There is a suggestion that citrus fruits produced in organic farming contain higher levels of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) than fruits produced in conventional agriculture.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) was first prepared in 1858 by the French chemist Victor Dessaignes via the oxidation of malic acid.



DECOMPOSITION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has hazardous decomposition products under fire conditions, including carbon oxides.
Also, when heated, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) decomposes and emits acrid smoke in addition to irritating fumes.



ORGANIC REACTIONS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) reactions are usually similar to a typical carboxylic acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) forms amide, anhydrides, esters, and chloride derivatives on reacting with specific reactants.
Malonic anhydride serves as an intermediate in the formation of amide derivatives.

Malonyl chloride is widely used for obtaining diamides or diesters.
Some of the popular organic reactions involving Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) are as follows:
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) condenses with urea to give barbituric acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) also condenses with acetone to produce Meldrum’s acid.

Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a versatile intermediate and helps in further transformations.
Malonate’s coenzyme A derivative— malonyl-CoA, acts as an important precursor in fatty acid biosynthesis.
It is formed from acetyl CoA when it is acted upon by acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
The malonate gets transferred to an acyl carrier protein for its addition to the fatty acid chain.



BRIGGS-RAUSCHER REACTION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
A popular name reaction has Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) as its key component.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an example of an oscillating chemical reaction.



KNOEVENAGEL CONDENSATION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The reaction is a modification of the aldol condensation reaction (the reaction between benzaldehyde and acetophenone).
It involves the interaction of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) or its diesters with the carbonyl group of a ketone or an aldehyde.
This process is followed by a dehydration reaction.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a carboxylic acid.
Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them.
They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic.

Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat.
Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt.
Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water.

Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions.
The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0.
Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt.

Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.
Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry.
Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in it to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.

Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids.
Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide.

Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides.
Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.

Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat.
Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents.
These reactions generate heat.

A wide variety of products is possible. Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is incompatible with strong oxidizers.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also incompatible with bases and reducing agents.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
CAS Number: 141-82-2
Molecular Weight: 104.06
Beilstein: 1751370
MDL number: MFCD00002707
Molecular Weight: 104.06 g/mol
XLogP3: -0.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 104.01095860 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 104.01095860 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 83.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: >= 135 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 215 °C at 18,66 hPa (decomposition)
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 157 °C - c.c.
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: > 140 °C
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility 766 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -0,81 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,002 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1,6 g/cm3

Relative density: 1,03 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
CAS Number: 141-82-2
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7) check
Key: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7)
Key: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYAJ
SMILES: O=C(O)CC(O)=O
C(C(=O)O)C(=O)O
Chemical formula: C3H4O4
Molar mass: 104.061 g·mol−1
Density: 1.619 g/cm3
Melting point: 135 to 137 °C (275 to 279 °F; 408 to 410 K) (decomposes)
Boiling point: decomposes
Solubility in water: 763 g/L
Acidity (pKa): pKa1 = 2.83

pKa2 = 5.69
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -46.3·10−6 cm3/mol
Chemical Formula: C3H4O4
Average Molecular Weight: 104.0615
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 104.010958616
IUPAC Name: propanedioic acid
Traditional Name: malonic acid
CAS Registry Number: 141-82-2
SMILES: OC(=O)CC(O)=O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7)
InChI Key: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight： 104.06100
Exact Mass： 104.06
EC Number： 205-503-0
UNII： 9KX7ZMG0MK
ICSC Number： 1085
NSC Number： 8124
DSSTox ID： DTXSID7021659
Color/Form： White crystals|Crystalline powder
Colorless hygroscopic solid which sublimes in vacuum
HScode： 2917190090
PSA： 74.60000
XLogP3： -0.8

Appearance： Malonic acid appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Sublimes in vacuum.
Density： 1.6 g/cm3
Melting Point： 135 °C (decomp)
Boiling Point: 215 °C @ Press: 14 Torr
Flash Point： 201.9ºC
Refractive Index： 1.479
Water Solubility： H2O: 1400 g/L (20 ºC)
Storage Conditions： Store at RT.
Vapor Pressure： 4.66E-07mmHg at 25°C
PKA： 2.85(at 25 °C)
Dissociation Constants： 2.85 (at 25 °C)|pKa1 = 2.8, pKa2 = 5.7 at 25 °C
Experimental Properties：
Enthalpy of Sublimation: 72.7 kJ/mol at 306 deg K, 108.0 kJ/mol at 348 deg K
Henry's Law constant = 4.8X10-13 atm-cu m/mole at 23 °C
(estimated from vapor pressure and water solubility)
Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.6X10-12 cu-cm/molc sec at 25 °C (est)
Air and Water Reactions： Water soluble.
Reactive Group： Acids, Carboxylic
Heat of Combustion： Molar heat of combustion: 864 kJ/mol

Heat of Vaporization： 92 kJ/mol
Critical Temperature & Pressure：
Critical temperature: 805 K (estimated);
critical pressure: 5640 kPa (estimated)
CAS: 141-82-2
Molecular Formula: C3H4O4
Molecular weight: 104.06
EINECS: 205-503-0
Purity: ≥99%
Appearance: White crystal powder
Melting point: 132-135 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point: 140ºC(decomposition)
Density: 1.619 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Refractive index: 1.478
Flash Point: 157°C
Storage condition: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Solubility : 1 M NaOH: soluble100mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless to faintly yellow
Pka: 2.83(at 25ºC)
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
HS Code: 29171910
PH: 3.17(1 mM solution);2.5(10 mM solution);
1.94(100 mM solution)

MDL: MFCD00002707
Water Solubility: 1400 g/L (20 ºC)
Vapor Presure: 0-0.2Pa at 25ºC
Physical and Chemical Properties:
Character: white crystal.
soluble in water, soluble in ethanol and ether, pyridine.
Color: White
Formula Weight: 104.1
Percent Purity: 0.99
Physical Form: Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Malonic acid
Melting point: 132-135 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point: 140℃（decomposition）
Density: 1.619 g/cm3 at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 0-0.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4780
Flash point: 157°C
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: 1 M NaOH: soluble100mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless to faintly yellow
form: Liquid

pka: 2.83(at 25℃)
color: White
PH: 3.17(1 mM solution);2.5(10 mM solution);1.94(100 mM solution)
Water Solubility: 1400 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,5710
BRN: 1751370
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
InChIKey: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.81
CAS DataBase Reference: 141-82-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 9KX7ZMG0MK
NIST Chemistry Reference: Malonic acid(141-82-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Propanedioic acid (141-82-2)



FIRST AID MEASURES of METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Description of first-aid measures
-General advice
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water
system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
1,3-Propanedioic acid
Carboxyacetic acid
Dicarboxymethane
Methanedicarboxylic acid
Propanedioic acid
malonic acid
propanedioic acid
141-82-2
Dicarboxymethane
Carboxyacetic acid
Methanedicarboxylic acid
malonate
Kyselina malonova
USAF EK-695
1,3-Propanedioic acid
Dicarboxylate
Malonicacid
Dicarboxylic acid
NSC 8124
UNII-9KX7ZMG0MK
9KX7ZMG0MK
AI3-15375
H2malo
EINECS 205-503-0
MFCD00002707
BRN 1751370
Methanedicarbonic acid
CHEBI:30794
Thallium malonate
HOOC-CH2-COOH
NSC-8124
Propane-1,3-dioic acid
alpha,omega-Dicarboxylic acid
DTXSID7021659
HSDB 8437
NSC8124
4-02-00-01874 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
1,3-Propanoic acid
PROPANEDIOLIC ACID
METAHNEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
C3H4O4
2fah
MLI
Malonic acid, 99%
Malonic acid (8CI)
1o4m
Malonate dicarboxylic acid
Malonic acid, 99.5%
Propanedioic acid (9CI)
SCHEMBL336
WLN: QV1VQ
MALONIC ACID [MI]
CH2(COOH)2
CHEMBL7942
MALONIC ACID [INCI]
DTXCID401659
SCHEMBL1471092
BDBM14673
Propanedioic acid dithallium salt
Malonic acid, analytical standard
AMY11201
BCP05571
STR00614
Tox21_200534
AC8295
LMFA01170041
s3029
Malonic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
AKOS000119034
CS-W019962
DB02175
PROPANEDIOIC ACID MALONIC ACID
NCGC00248681-01
NCGC00258088-01
BP-11453
CAS-141-82-2
SY001875
Malonic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
FT-0628127
FT-0628128
FT-0690260
FT-0693474
M0028
EN300-18457
Malonic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
C00383
C02028
C04025
Q421972
J-521669
Z57965450
F1908-0177
Malonic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
592A9849-68C3-4635-AA3D-CBC44965EA3A
Malonic acid, sublimed grade, >=99.95% trace metals basis
DICARBOXYLIC ACID C3
PROPANEDIOLIC ACID
METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
InChI=1/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7
Malonic acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), 99%
LML
Propanedioic acid
Methanedicarboxylic acid
H2Malo
HOOC-CH2-COOH
Propanedioic acid
Propanedioate
Malonate
alpha,Omega-dicarboxylic acid
Carboxyacetic acid
Dicarboxylate
Dicarboxylic acid
Dicarboxymethane
Kyselina malonova
Malonate dicarboxylic acid
Metahnedicarboxylic acid
Methanedicarbonic acid
Methanedicarboxylic acid
Propanedioic acid dithallium salt
Propanediolic acid
Thallium malonate
Malonic acid, 2-(14)C-labeled
Malonic acid, monocalcium salt
Malonic acid, 1,3-(14)C2-labeled
Malonic acid, diammonium salt
Malonic acid, disodium salt
Malonic acid, dithallium salt
Malonic acid, dipotassium salt
Malonic acid, disodium salt, 1-(14)C-labeled
Malonic acid, monosodium salt
Malonic acid, potassium salt
Malonic acid, sodium salt
Thallous malonate
Dithallium malonate
Monosodium malonate
Malonic acid
Malonic acid
Carboxyacetic acid
Dicarboxymethane
Methanedicarboxylic acid
CH2(COOH)2
USAF EK-695
Kyselina malonova
Methanedicarbonic acid
NSC 8124
Propanedioic acid
Malonic acid
Carboxyacetic acid
Dicarboxymethane
Methanedicarboxylic acid
1,3-Propanedioic acid
NSC 8124
Malonates
211863-95-5
alpha,Omega-dicarboxylic acid
Carboxyacetic acid
Dicarboxylate
Dicarboxylic acid
Dicarboxymethane
H2Malo
HOOC-CH2-COOH
Kyselina malonova
Malonate
Malonate dicarboxylic acid
Malonic acid, 1,3-(14)C2-labeled
Malonic acid, 2-(14)C-labeled
Malonic acid, diammonium salt
Malonic acid, dipotassium salt
Malonic acid, disodium salt
Malonic acid, disodium salt, 1-(14)C-labeled
Malonic acid, dithallium salt
Malonic acid, monocalcium salt
Malonic acid, monosodium salt
Malonic acid, potassium salt
Malonic acid, sodium salt
Metahnedicarboxylic acid
Methanedicarbonic acid
Methanedicarboxylic acid
Propanedioate
Propanedioic acid
Propanedioic acid dithallium salt
Propanediolic acid
Thallium malonate
Thallous malonate
Dithallium malonate
Monosodium malonate
Malonic acid
PROPANEDIOIC ACID
MAAC
Daucic acid
CH2(COOH)2
Methane acid
Propandioic acid
Methanedicarbonic acid
METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
MALONIC ACID
Malonsure
Propanedioic acid
Malonic acid
Carboxyacetic acid
Dicarboxymethane
Methanedicarboxylic acid
CH2(COOH)2
usaf ek-695
Kyselina malonova
Methanedicarbonic acid
Malonic acid
Propanedioic acid
Carboxy Acetic acid
Dicarboxymethane
Methane dicarboxylic acid
Dicarboxylate
Dicarboxylic acid
1,3-Propanedioic acid
Methane dicarbonic acid
Propane-1,3-dioic acid

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a strong organic acid with the chemical formula CH3SO3H.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a colorless liquid and is miscible with water and many organic solvents.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is often encountered in its solution form, and the term "MSA 70%" refers to a solution where the MSA is present at a concentration of 70%.

CAS Number: 75-75-2
EC Number: 200-898-6

MSA, Methanesulfonic acid, Methylsulfonic acid, Methanesulphonic acid, Methylsulphonic acid, MSIA, Sulfonmethane, Sulphonic acid, methane, Sulfonic acid, methyl, Caromet, Methansulfonic acid, Methanesulfonate, Monomethyl sulfonic acid, Mesylic acid, C1 Sulfonate, C1-sulfonate, Aci-jel, Mesylicum, Mesylsaeure, Sulfonic acid, C1, C1-sulfonic acid, MSA (acid), C1-sulfuric acid, Carerite FA, Methylsulfonate, Methansulfonate, Methyl sulfuric acid, Sulfonic acid (C1), Ameisensaeure, C1 sulfonic acid, Carerite FA-80, Methyl sulfonic acid, Methane sulphonic acid, Carerite MSA, C1 Sulfonic acid, Sulfonic acid, C1-4, Carerite FA 1:1, Mesylic acid, anhydrous, Ameisensaeure (German), Sulfonic acid (C1-4), Aci-jel solution, Mesylate, Carerite FA 1:1 solution, Carerite FA solution, Ameisensaeure (German), C1-Sulfonic acid, Methanesulphonic acid, monohydrate, Carerite MSA 80, Methanesulfonic acid, solution, Mesylic acid, monohydrate, Carerite FA-80 solution, Ameisensaeure (German), Carerite FA-80 solution, C1-Sulfuric acid, Methanesulphonic acid, 70% solution, Methylsulfonic acid, 70% solution, MSA, 70% solution, Methanesulphonic acid, solution, Methanesulfonic acid, 70% solution, Methylsulfonic acid, 70% solution



APPLICATIONS


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is commonly used as a catalyst in organic synthesis reactions, promoting various chemical transformations.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as an acid catalyst in esterification processes, facilitating the formation of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the production of pharmaceuticals, where it plays a crucial role in synthesizing key intermediates.

In the field of polymerization, MSA is utilized as a catalyst to initiate polymer chain reactions, particularly in the synthesis of specialty polymers.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the synthesis of fine chemicals, contributing to the development of high-value compounds.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used as a strong acid in certain electrophilic substitution reactions, enhancing reaction rates and selectivity.
In electroplating processes, MSA serves as an additive in electrolytes, aiding in the deposition of metal coatings on surfaces.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed as a corrosion inhibitor in various industrial processes, protecting metals from degradation in corrosive environments.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the production of surfactants and detergents, contributing to the formulation of cleaning agents.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the synthesis of specialty solvents, where its stability and non-volatility are advantageous.
In the pharmaceutical industry, MSA is used for the synthesis of drug intermediates, showcasing its significance in drug development.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the synthesis of agrochemicals, contributing to the production of pesticides and herbicides.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the manufacturing of electrochemical cells and batteries as an electrolyte additive.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) plays a role in the production of dyes and pigments, contributing to the coloration of various materials.
In the field of analytical chemistry, MSA is used for sample preparation and derivatization of compounds for analysis.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the synthesis of flavors and fragrances, contributing to the creation of unique aromatic compounds.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the formulation of photoresists used in semiconductor manufacturing for photolithography processes.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as an acid-catalyst in the production of biodiesel, aiding in the transesterification of triglycerides.
In the synthesis of specialty chemicals, MSA enhances the efficiency of certain chemical reactions, leading to improved yields.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the production of adhesives and sealants, contributing to the formulation of bonding agents.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the synthesis of fine organic chemicals used in the production of high-performance materials.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the development of coatings and surface treatments, enhancing the adhesion of coatings to substrates.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in analytical laboratories for pH adjustment and sample preparation due to its stability.
In the field of biotechnology, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in certain enzymatic reactions to enhance reaction rates and specificity.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s versatility in catalysis and chemical synthesis contributes to its widespread applications in research, development, and industrial processes.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the production of specialty polymers, acting as a catalyst in the synthesis of unique polymer structures.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) plays a crucial role in the production of electronic components, being employed in the etching of printed circuit boards.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, contributing to the development of therapeutic compounds.
In the field of surface modification, MSA finds application in the treatment of materials to enhance their adhesion properties.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the production of metal-complex dyes, contributing to the vibrant coloration of textiles and other materials.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the preparation of chemical intermediates for the manufacturing of agrochemicals and insecticides.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as an acid catalyst in the synthesis of plasticizers, aiding in the modification of polymer properties.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the production of fuel cells, contributing to the enhancement of fuel cell performance.
In the synthesis of specialty solvents, MSA acts as a key reagent, providing stable and effective reaction conditions.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the synthesis of photoactive materials for photovoltaic applications.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the formulation of electrolytes for supercapacitors, enhancing energy storage capabilities.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the manufacturing of coatings for electrodes in electrochemical devices, contributing to their efficiency.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the purification of proteins and peptides in biotechnological processes.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as a catalyst in the esterification of fatty acids, contributing to the production of biodiesel.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the production of specialty chemicals used in the mining industry for mineral processing.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the formulation of adhesives for bonding a variety of materials, including plastics and metals.
In the field of analytical chemistry, MSA is used for derivatization reactions to improve the detectability of certain compounds.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the synthesis of antioxidants, contributing to the stabilization of materials against oxidative degradation.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the preparation of chemical reagents for nucleic acid synthesis in molecular biology.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) plays a role in the production of plastic additives, enhancing the performance and durability of plastic materials.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the synthesis of flavor enhancers and fragrances for the food and cosmetic industries.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the treatment of industrial effluents, contributing to the removal of heavy metals.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the formulation of electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries, influencing their electrochemical performance.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as a valuable reagent in the synthesis of fine chemicals for various industrial applications.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the production of inkjet inks, contributing to the stability and performance of the ink formulations.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the synthesis of specialty detergents and cleaning agents, enhancing their effectiveness in removing contaminants.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) plays a role in the formulation of corrosion inhibitors for protecting metal surfaces in various industrial processes.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the production of specialty paints and coatings, contributing to improved adhesion and durability.
In the field of electrochemistry, MSA is used in the preparation of electrolytes for redox flow batteries.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the synthesis of ion exchange resins, which find applications in water treatment processes.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the production of specialty adhesives for bonding materials in challenging environments.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as a key component in the formulation of liquid crystal materials used in the electronics and display industries.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the synthesis of specialty monomers for the production of high-performance polymers.
In the field of catalysis, MSA plays a role in asymmetric transformations, enabling the synthesis of chiral compounds.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the manufacturing of specialty lubricants, contributing to improved performance in various applications.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the synthesis of photoactive materials for photonic devices and sensors.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the production of specialty waxes used in formulations such as polishes and coatings.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the preparation of chemical intermediates for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as a reagent in the synthesis of surfactants, contributing to their emulsifying and dispersing properties.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the synthesis of specialty resins for the production of high-quality inks and coatings.

In the field of analytical chemistry, MSA is employed for sample preparation and derivatization in chromatographic techniques.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the production of specialty inorganic salts, utilized in various industrial processes.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the synthesis of specialty plastic materials, enhancing their thermal and mechanical properties.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the formulation of electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors, contributing to their energy storage capabilities.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the preparation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which have applications in gas storage and separation.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) plays a role in the synthesis of specialty polymers with controlled molecular weights and architectures.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for metal surfaces in harsh environments.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel from triglycerides, facilitating transesterification reactions.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the formulation of heat transfer fluids, contributing to efficient heat exchange in various industrial processes.
In the field of nanotechnology, MSA is involved in the synthesis of nanomaterials with tailored properties for diverse applications.



DESCRIPTION


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a strong organic acid with the chemical formula CH3SO3H.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a colorless liquid and is miscible with water and many organic solvents.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is often encountered in its solution form, and the term "MSA 70%" refers to a solution where the MSA is present at a concentration of 70%.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.
As a strong organic acid, MSA is known for its stability and non-volatile nature.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is miscible with water and various organic solvents, enhancing its versatility.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is often encountered in solution form, and the 70% concentration indicates a common commercial formulation.

The chemical structure of MSA includes a methyl group and a sulfonic acid group.
With the chemical formula CH3SO3H, MSA is a valuable reagent in various chemical processes.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is recognized for its utility as a catalyst in organic synthesis, facilitating numerous reactions.
Its lack of volatility compared to other strong acids makes MSA a preferred choice in certain industrial applications.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in esterification reactions as an efficient acid catalyst.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s stability under different conditions contributes to its popularity in laboratory and industrial settings.
The solution form of MSA often contains water or another solvent, influencing its properties and applications.
In addition to catalysis, MSA finds use as a solvent in organic synthesis, enhancing reaction efficiency.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is known by various synonyms, including Methanesulfonic acid and Methylsulfonic acid.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is essential in certain reactions where a non-volatile and stable acid is required.
Its compatibility with a range of materials makes it suitable for various manufacturing processes.
The 70% solution is a commonly used concentration, balancing reactivity and ease of handling.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s chemical stability extends to its resistance to decomposition under normal storage conditions.

Due to its strong acidity, MSA is handled with appropriate precautions and protective equipment.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s lack of flammability makes it a safe choice in laboratory and industrial environments.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s efficacy as a catalyst contributes to its role in accelerating chemical transformations.
Its non-corrosive nature towards common metals enhances its applicability in different processes.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s versatility is highlighted by its use in various sectors, including pharmaceuticals and specialty chemicals.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s water miscibility ensures uniform distribution in aqueous systems during reactions.
As a stable and efficient acid, MSA continues to play a crucial role in advancing chemical synthesis methodologies.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s widespread use underscores its importance in both academic research and industrial applications.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: CH3SO3H
Molecular Weight: Approximately 96.10 g/mol
Physical Form: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Faint odor
Melting Point: Approximately -30 °C (-22 °F)
Boiling Point: Approximately 167 °C (333 °F) at atmospheric pressure
Density: Approximately 1.48 g/cm³ at 20 °C (68 °F)
Solubility in Water: Miscible in water
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at ambient temperatures
pH: Highly acidic in aqueous solutions
Viscosity: Low viscosity liquid
Refractive Index: Typically around 1.38
Flash Point: Non-flammable
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable as it is non-flammable
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions
Hygroscopicity: Exhibits hygroscopic behavior, absorbing moisture from the air
Corrosivity: Can be corrosive to certain metals and materials
Compatibility: Compatible with various organic solvents
Miscibility: Miscible with a wide range of organic solvents
Acidity: Strong acid with a dissociation constant (pKa) around -1.9
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur
Flammability: Non-flammable
Toxicity: Generally low toxicity, but appropriate precautions should be taken



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhalation of MSA vapors occurs, immediately move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
If respiratory distress persists, seek medical attention promptly.
Provide artificial respiration if the person is not breathing, and administer oxygen by trained personnel if necessary.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, promptly remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use mild soap if available and continue rinsing.
Seek medical attention if irritation or chemical burns develop.
Wash contaminated clothing thoroughly before reuse.


Eye Contact:

If MSA comes into contact with the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if irritation is minimal.
Remove contact lenses, if applicable, after the initial eye rinse.


Ingestion:

If MSA is ingested accidentally, rinse the mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical professionals.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide the healthcare provider with information about the ingested substance.


General First Aid Measures:

If any adverse reactions, such as skin irritation or respiratory discomfort, occur after exposure to MSA, seek medical assistance promptly.
If seeking medical attention, provide healthcare professionals with details about the specific MSA product and the nature of exposure.
Be prepared to provide information on the concentration and form of MSA involved in the exposure.
If available, have the safety data sheet (SDS) or product information accessible for medical professionals.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing, to minimize skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection if handling in conditions where vapors or mists may be generated.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.
If handling in an enclosed space, ensure proper ventilation systems are in place to minimize inhalation risks.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid direct skin and eye contact with MSA.
Take precautions to prevent inhalation of vapors, mists, or dust.
Minimize exposure through the use of engineering controls and PPE.

Handling Procedures:
Follow good laboratory or industrial practices when working with MSA.
Use appropriate tools and equipment to minimize the generation of dust or aerosols during handling.

Spill Response:
In case of a spill, use suitable absorbent materials to contain and clean up the spilled substance.
Dispose of waste according to local regulations and in accordance with the product's safety data sheet (SDS).

Storage Compatibility:
Store MSA away from incompatible materials, such as strong bases, reducing agents, and reactive metals.
Check compatibility with storage containers to prevent chemical reactions.

Labeling:
Ensure containers are properly labeled with the correct product information, hazard symbols, and safety precautions.
Maintain clear and visible labeling on secondary containers in case of transfer.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store MSA in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from heat sources and direct sunlight.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, as excessive heat may affect the stability of the substance.

Container Integrity:
Ensure that storage containers are tightly sealed to prevent contamination or evaporation.
Regularly inspect containers for any signs of damage or leaks.

Ventilation During Storage:
If stored in an enclosed area, provide adequate ventilation to prevent the accumulation of vapors.

Storage Conditions:
Store MSA in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Keep the substance away from incompatible materials and follow guidelines for the storage of corrosive substances.

Separation from Food and Feed:
Store MSA away from food, beverages, and animal feed.
Use separate storage areas to avoid cross-contamination.

Handling Precautions:
Follow proper handling procedures when transferring MSA between containers or dispensing it for use.
Minimize the risk of spills during storage and handling.

Fire Prevention:
MSA is generally non-flammable, but it is advisable to keep it away from open flames, sparks, or potential ignition sources.
Store in areas compliant with fire safety regulations.

Emergency Response:
Have appropriate emergency response equipment, such as spill containment materials and fire extinguishers, readily available.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a conjugate acid of a methanesulfonate.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is produced predominantly by oxidizing methylthiol or dimethyl disulfide using nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine or by employing electrochemical processes.

CAS Number: 75-75-2
Molecular Formula: CH4O3S
Molecular Weight: 96.11
EINECS Number: 200-898-6

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a strong organic acid.
The chemical oxidation of dimetyl sulfide in the atmosphere leads to the formation of MSA in large quantities.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) undergoes biodegradation by forming CO2 and sulphate.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is considered a green acid as it is less toxic and corrosive in comparison to mineral acids.
The aqueous Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) solution has been considered a model electrolyte for electrochemical processes.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Methanesulfonic acid (MsOH) or methanesulphonic acid (in British English) is an organosulfuric, colorless liquid with the molecular formula CH3SO3H and structure H3C−S(=O)2−OH.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is the simplest of the alkylsulfonic acids (R−S(=O)2−OH).
Salts and esters of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) are known as mesylates (or methanesulfonates, as in ethyl methanesulfonate).
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is hygroscopic in its concentrated form.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can dissolve a wide range of metal salts, many of them in significantly higher concentrations than in hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) solution is used virtually in all electronic applications involving tin or tin-alloy plating from non fluoborate systems.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) replaces phosphoric acid in detergent formulations, thereby helping to avoid environmental phosphate pollution.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the preparation of polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites, which enhances its thermal and electrical properties.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized for electropolishing of aluminum as well as in electroplating of noble metals like gold, platinum, palladium and their alloys.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is considered a particularly suitable supporting electrolyte for electrochemical applications, where it stands as an environmentally friendly alternative to other acid electrolytes used in plating processes.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is also a primary ingredient in rust remover and descaler.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is recommended in formulation for removing rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain surfaces which are usually susceptible to acid attack.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) or methanesulfonic acid (British English) is an organic sulfuric acid colorless liquid with the molecular formula CH3SO3H and the structure H3C-S(=O)2-OH.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%), the simplest alkanesulfonic acid, is a colorless or slightly brown oily liquid, appearing as solid at low temperatures.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) has a melting temperature of 20 °C, the boiling point of 167 °C (13.33 kPa), 122 °C (0.133 kPa), the relative density of 1.4812 (18 ℃) and refractive index 1.4317 (16 ℃).
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is soluble in water, alcohol and ether, insoluble in alkanes, benzene and toluene.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) will not subject to decomposition in boiling water and hot alkaline solution.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) also has strong corrosion effect against the metal iron, copper and lead.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a colourless or light yellow liquid having a melting point of 20° C, is a strong acid acting corroding but not oxidizing.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the electroplating industry and for organic syntheses, in particular as a catalyst for alkylations, esterifications, and polymerizations.
Beyond that, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used as a starting material for the preparation of methanesulfonyl chloride.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a strong organic acid widely used as a catalyst for esterification and alkylation.

Strong acid, biodegradable, non-oxidizing and non-foaming, compatible with oxidant and biocide.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%), also known as methylsulfonic acid or methane sulfonate, is a strong organic acid with the chemical formula CH3SO3H.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a colorless, odorless liquid that is highly soluble in water.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is classified as a sulfonic acid because it has a sulfonyl (SO3H) functional group attached to a methyl (CH3) group.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is often used as a substitute for sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in various chemical processes because it is less corrosive and volatile.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is commonly employed as a catalyst, acidifier, or pH adjuster in organic synthesis, electroplating, and other industrial applications.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) mild and non-oxidizing nature makes it useful in situations where strong acids like sulfuric acid may be too harsh.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) refers to the concentration of MSA in a solution.

In this case, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) means that the solution contains 70% by weight of pure MSA, with the remaining 30% typically being water.
Different concentrations of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be prepared depending on the specific application's requirements.

Melting point: 17-19 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 167 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.475-1.485 g/mL at 20 °C 1.481 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 3.3 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.429(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: water: soluble1,000 g/L at 20°C
pka: -2.6(at 25℃)
form: Solution
color: brown
Specific Gravity: 1.48 (18/4℃)
Water Solubility: Miscible with water. Slightly miscible with benzene and toluene. Immiscible: with paraffins.
λmax λ: 240-320 nm Amax: <0.4
Sensitive: Light Sensitive & Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,5954
BRN: 1446024

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a strong, odorless and less corrosive acid.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is not harmful to systems, employees, customers, waste management or the environment when used in chemical synthesis, metal refinement or industrial cleaning.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used sparingly and saves energy.

Additional advantages are the high solubility of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)s salts, its lack of color and the fact that it is readily biodegradable (according to OECD Directive 301 A).
The acid strength of the organic methane sulphonic acid is between that of carboxylic acids and strong mineral acids.
Since methane sulphonic acid is odorless, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) may also be used in odor-sensitive applications.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)s lack of smell also increases safety at work because it does not produce any acrid fumes.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is very suitable for neutralisation of vegetable oils with high FFA content.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a strong acid with a pKa (acid dissociation constant) of about -1.9, making it significantly more acidic than acetic acid (vinegar) or many other common organic acids.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is highly soluble in water, which makes it suitable for various aqueous processes and reactions.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) should be stored in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) should be kept in containers made of materials resistant to acids, such as glass or certain plastics.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is often used as a milder and safer alternative to mineral acids like sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) in laboratory settings and industrial processes.
Its reduced corrosiveness and lower volatility make it a preferred choice in situations where worker safety and equipment preservation are essential.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is compatible with a wide range of organic compounds, which makes it useful in various organic syntheses and reactions.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can serve as a solvent, acid catalyst, or reagent in reactions involving a variety of functional groups.
Like other acids, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be neutralized with bases such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) to form salts, for instance, sodium methane sulfonate or potassium methane sulfonate.

In the pharmaceutical industry, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the production of certain pharmaceutical intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
Its high purity and low residue levels are advantageous in drug manufacturing.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used in analytical chemistry techniques such as ion chromatography, where it serves as a highly stable and inert mobile phase component for separating ions in solution.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is less likely to corrode or react with metals, which is advantageous when it is used in metal-related applications like electroplating.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in food and pharmaceutical applications within established guidelines.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is essential to ensure compliance with local regulations and quality standards when using MSA in various industries.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%), it is important to follow the appropriate regulations for hazardous materials, including labeling, packaging, and safety precautions, to prevent accidents and ensure worker safety.

Production method:
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be obtained through the nitrate oxidation of thiocyanate methyl.
Nitric acid and negative water are heated carefully to 80-88 °C with fractional addition of methyl thiocyanate and the temperature being automatically rose to about 105 ℃.

After the reaction becomes mild, the reaction was heated to 120 ° C and reacted for 5 hours to obtain a crude product.
The crude product was diluted with exchanged water and adjusted to pH 8-9 by addition of 25% barium hydroxide solution and filtered.
The filtrate is condensed to until crystalline precipitation.

The crystal is washed by methanol to remove the nitrate to obtain the barium methanesulfonate.
It is then added to the exchanged water to boiling, add sulfuric acid for decomposition while it is hot, filter and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to no water to obtain the finished product.
Another method is that the methyl isothiourea sulfate is successively subject to chlorination, oxidation and hydrolysis to derive the finished product.

Methyl isothiourea sulfate was added to the water; and the chlorine is sent into at 20-25 ° C to until phenomenon such as solution color is turned into yellow; oil layer emerges in the bottom of the bottle; the temperature drop and large number of residual chlorine is discharged from the exhaust pipe; this indicates the end point of the reaction.
The reaction solution was extracted with chloroform.

After drying, the extract was distilled at 60-62 ° C under normal pressure to remove the chloroform, and then further subject to distillation under reduced pressure.
Collect the 60-65 °C (2.67 kPa) fraction was to obtain the methanesulfonyl chloride.

Add the base drop wise under stirring to 80 ℃ hot water and maintain the heat hydrolysis for about 2h, to until the reaction liquid droplets completely disappear.
The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to a syrupy form, diluted with water, and concentrated under reduced pressure to until no more water was distilled off to obtain methanesulfonic acid.

Uses
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a raw material for medicine and pesticide.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can also be used as dehydrating agent, curing accelerator for coating, treating agent for fiber, solvent, catalysis, and esterification as well as polymerization reaction.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used as solvent, alkylation, catalyst of esterification and polymerization, also used in medicine and electroplating industry.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can also be applied to oxidation.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) has been developed as an esterification catalyst in place of sulfuric acid for the synthesis of resins in paints and coatings.
One of the major advantages of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) over sulfuric acid is that it is not an oxidizing species.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) solution is used virtually in all electronic applications involving tin or tin-alloy plating from non fluoborate systems.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) replaces phosphoric acid in detergent formulations, thereby helping to avoid environmental phosphate pollution.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the preparation of polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites, which enhances its thermal and electrical properties.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized for electropolishing of aluminum as well as in electroplating of noble metals like gold, platinum, palladium and their alloys.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used as a catalyst in organic reactions namely esterification, alkylation and condensation reactions due to its non- volatile nature and solubility in organic solvents.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is also involved in the production of starch esters, wax oxidate esters, benzoic acid esters, phenolic esters, or alkyl esters.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) reacts with sodium borohydride in presence of polar solvent tetrahydrofuran to prepare borane-tetrahydrofuran complex.
It finds application in batteries, because of its purity and chloride absence.

In pharmaceutical industry, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used for the manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients like telmisartan and eprosartan.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is useful in ion chromatography and is a source of carbon and energy for some gram-negative methylotropic bacteria.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the deprotection of peptides.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used as a catalyst in a variety of organic reactions, including esterification, etherification, and alkylation reactions.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the electroplating industry to improve the quality of metal coatings.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s used for dyeing textiles and leather.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used in the oil and gas industry for acidizing reservoirs.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a versatile acid catalyst in various organic reactions, such as esterification, etherification, and alkylation.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) facilitates chemical reactions by donating protons (H+) to reactants, enabling the formation of new bonds and the synthesis of desired compounds.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the electroplating industry to improve the quality of metal coatings.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be employed as an additive in electroplating baths to enhance the deposition of metal layers onto surfaces, providing improved adhesion and uniformity.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
Its high purity and low residue levels are advantageous in drug manufacturing processes where the presence of impurities can be detrimental.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the dyeing of textiles and leather.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as a strong acid to help fix dyes onto fabric or leather surfaces, enhancing colorfastness and dye adherence.
In the oil and gas industry, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used for acidizing reservoirs.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) helps improve the permeability of rock formations in oil and gas wells by dissolving mineral deposits and increasing the flow of hydrocarbons.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used as a component of mobile phases in ion chromatography, a technique employed for separating and analyzing ions in solution.
Its stability and low reactivity make it suitable for this purpose.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is often used in research laboratories as a milder alternative to stronger mineral acids like sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be employed for tasks such as acid-catalyzed reactions or pH adjustments in various experiments.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is sometimes used as a pH adjuster and acidulant in certain food products.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)s use is regulated to ensure food safety and quality.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) has been used in photography, particularly in the preparation of photographic developers.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be found in some cleaning products where its acidity helps in removing mineral deposits, scale, and stains.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in polymerization reactions, including the production of certain types of resins, plastics, and polymeric materials.
Its acidic nature can initiate and control polymerization processes.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is useful for synthesizing various organic compounds, including fragrances, flavors, and specialty chemicals.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be involved in reactions that create valuable intermediates for these industries.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used for descaling and removing oxide layers from metal surfaces, preparing them for subsequent treatments or coatings.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used for pH adjustment and water treatment processes, particularly in situations where a strong acid is needed to neutralize alkaline water or control the pH of industrial wastewater.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds use in electronics manufacturing for cleaning and etching printed circuit boards (PCBs) and other electronic components.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used in the production of adhesives and sealants, where it can act as a curing agent or catalyst.
In the oil refining industry, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used as a catalyst or acid in certain refining processes to improve the quality of petroleum products.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used as a reagent in various chemical analyses and assays, especially when a strong acid is required for sample preparation or digestion.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is sometimes used for pH adjustment in industrial processes where precise control of acidity is necessary.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used in biotechnology and molecular biology applications, such as DNA and RNA purification and protein purification processes.

Safety Profile:
Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) may be corrosive to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
Explosive reaction with ethyl vinyl ether.

Incompatible with hydrogen fluoride.
When heated to decomposition Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) emits toxic fumes of SOx.

While Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is considered less hazardous than some other strong acids like sulfuric acid, it is still corrosive and should be handled with care.
Proper safety measures, including the use of appropriate protective gear like gloves and goggles, should be followed when working with Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%).

Environmental Considerations:
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is considered to be less environmentally harmful than many other strong acids, especially when it comes to disposal.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is less likely to produce environmentally damaging byproducts when handled and disposed of properly.

Synonyms
METHANESULFONIC ACID
75-75-2
Methylsulfonic acid
Methanesulphonic acid
Mesylic acid
Methanesulfonicacid
Sulfomethane
Kyselina methansulfonova
Methansulfonsaeure
NSC 3718
CCRIS 2783
HSDB 5004
EINECS 200-898-6
METHANE SULFONIC ACID
BRN 1446024
DTXSID4026422
MSA
UNII-12EH9M7279
CHEBI:27376
Kyselina methansulfonova [Czech]
AI3-28532
NSC-3718
CH3SO3H
MFCD00007518
CH4O3S
12EH9M7279
DTXCID806422
22515-76-0
NSC3718
EC 200-898-6
4-04-00-00010 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
J1.465F
ammoniummethanesulfonate
METHANESULFONIC ACID (II)
METHANESULFONIC ACID [II]
CH4O3S.H3N
C-H4-O3-S.H3-N
Methanesulfonic acid, ammonium salt
Methanesulfonic acid, ammonium salt (1:1)
metanesulfonic acid
methansulfonic acid
MsOH
methansulphonic acid
methylsulphonic acid
03S
methyl sulfonic acid
methyl-sulfonic acid
methane-sulfonic acid
MeSO3H
methane sulphonic acid
methanesulphonic-acid-
LACTIC ACID(DL)
CH3SO2OH
H3CSO3H
WLN: WSQ1
Methanesulfonic acid solution
Methanesulfonic acid, 99.5%
Methanesulfonic acid, anhydrous
CHEMBL3039600
DL-MALICACIDMONOSODIUMSALT
Methanesulfonic Acid (CH3SO3H)
METHANESULFONIC ACID [MI]
Methanesulfonic acid, HPLC grade
Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%
METHANESULFONIC ACID [HSDB]
Tox21_201073
STL264182
AKOS009146947
AT25153
CAS-75-75-2
NCGC00248914-01
NCGC00258626-01
BP-12823
LS-90299
FT-0628287
M0093
M2059
EN300-29198
Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%, ReagentPlus(R)
Methanesulfonic acid, for HPLC, >=99.5% (T)
A934985
Q414168
J-521696
Methanesulfonic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
F1908-0093
Z281776238
InChI=1/CH4O3S/c1-5(2,3)4/h1H3,(H,2,3,4

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.


CAS Number: 75-75-2
EC Number: 200-898-6
MDL number: MFCD00007518
Linear Formula: CH3SO3H
Chemical formula: CH4O3S



SYNONYMS:
Methanesulfonic acid, Methylsulfonic acid, MSA; Mesylic acid, Mesylic acid, MsOH, METHANESULFONIC ACID, 75-75-2, Methylsulfonic acid, Methanesulphonic acid, Mesylic acid, Methanesulfonicacid, Sulfomethane, Kyselina methansulfonova, Methansulfonsaeure, NSC 3718, CCRIS 2783, HSDB 5004, EINECS 200-898-6, METHANE SULFONIC ACID, MsOH, BRN 1446024, DTXSID4026422, MSA, UNII-12EH9M7279, CHEBI:27376, AI3-28532, NSC-3718, CH3SO3H, MFCD00007518, 12EH9M7279, DTXCID806422, NSC3718, EC 200-898-6, 4-04-00-00010 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), J1.465F, ammoniummethanesulfonate, METHANESULFONIC ACID (II), METHANESULFONIC ACID [II], Kyselina methansulfonova [Czech], CH4O3S, metanesulfonic acid, methansulfonic acid, methansulphonic acid, methylsulphonic acid, 03S, methyl sulfonic acid, methyl-sulfonic acid, methane-sulfonic acid, MeSO3H, methane sulphonic acid, methanesulphonic-acid-, LACTIC ACID(DL), CH3SO2OH, H3CSO3H, WLN: WSQ1, Methanesulfonic acid solution, Methanesulfonic acid, 99.5%, Methanesulfonic acid, anhydrous, CHEMBL3039600, DL-MALICACIDMONOSODIUMSALT, Methanesulfonic Acid (CH3SO3H), METHANESULFONIC ACID [MI], Methanesulfonic acid, HPLC grade, Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%, METHANESULFONIC ACID [HSDB], Tox21_201073, AKOS009146947, AT25153, CAS-75-75-2, NCGC00248914-01, NCGC00258626-01, BP-12823, M0093, M2059, NS00004472, EN300-29198, Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%, ReagentPlus(R), Methanesulfonic acid, for HPLC, >=99.5% (T), A934985, Q414168, J-521696, Methanesulfonic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, F1908-0093, Z281776238, InChI=1/CH4O3S/c1-5(2,3)4/h1H3,(H,2,3,4), methylsulfonic acid, methanesulphonic acid, methanesulfonicacid, ch3so3h, methane sulfonic acid, sulfomethane, Methanesulphonic acid, Methylsulfonic acid, Kyselina methansulfonova, CH3SO3H, NSC 371, MsOH, MSA, MeSO3H, METHANESULPHONIC ACID, METHYLSULFONIC ACID, acidemethanesulfonique, METHANE SULFONIC ACID 70%, Mesic acid, SULFOMETHANE, Methylsulphonicacid



Pharmaceutical-Grade Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a superior-quality chemical compound with the formula CH3SO3H.
Its superior solubility properties make Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) suitable for diverse applications.
Excellent Properties of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA): Features high purity, strong acidity, broad solubility, and storage stability.


Since ca. 2000 Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has become a popular replacement for other acids in numerous industrial and laboratory applications.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a strong acid.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has a low vapor pressure (see boiling points in the "Properties" inset).


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is not an oxidant or explosive, like nitric, sulfuric or perchloric acids.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a liquid at room temperature.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is soluble in many organic solvents.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) forms water-soluble salts with all inorganic cations and with most organic cations.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) does not form complexes with metal ions in water.
Its anion, mesylate, and Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is non-toxic and suitable for pharmaceutical preparations.


The closely related p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) is solid.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a conjugate acid of a methanesulfonate.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a strong organic acid which is highly suitable for manufacturing active pharmaceutical ingredients such as Telmisartan and Eprosartan, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is an organosulfuric, colorless liquid with the molecular formula CH3SO3H and structure H3C−S(=O)2−OH.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is the simplest of the alkylsulfonic acids (R−S(=O)2−OH).
Salts and esters of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) are known as mesylates (or methanesulfonates, as in ethyl methanesulfonate).


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is hygroscopic in its concentrated form.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) can dissolve a wide range of metal salts, many of them in significantly higher concentrations than in hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4).


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA), the simplest alkanesulfonic acid, is a hygroscopic colorless liquid or white solid, depending on whether the ambient temperature is greater or less than 20 ºC.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is very soluble in water and oxygenated solvents, but sparingly soluble in most hydrocarbons.


In aqueous solution, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a strong acid (completely ionized).
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA)’s acidity and solubility properties make it industrially valuable as a catalyst in organic reactions, particularly polymerization.


In many applications, its advantage over concentrated sulfuric acid is that Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has similar acid strength but is not an oxidant.
The first report of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) synthesis was in a 1950 patent awarded to John C. Snyder and Aristid V. Grosse of Houdry Process Corp. (subsequently acquired by Air Products).


They heated methane and sulfur trioxide to 200–325 ºC under pressure in the presence of a mercury catalyst.
BASF currently produces the acid via a two-step process in which methanol and elemental sulfur react to give dimethyl disulfide, which is then oxidized to the final product.


For decades, chemists tried to find a way to prepare Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) from methane and sulfur trioxide under much milder conditions than were used in the original method.
In 2015, Grillo-Werke (Duisburg, Germany), in a world patent application, described the preparation of alkanesulfonic acids from alkanes and SO3 in the presence of an organic peroxide at temperatures up to 65 ºC and pressures up to 11 MPa.


In June of this year, Grillo announced plans to compete with BASF by building a plant to produce Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) with a process that is likely based on that patent.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA), the simplest alkanesulfonic acid, is a hygroscopic colorless liquid that freezes around 19 °C.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has similar proprieties respect sulfuric acid, but it does not show its oxidant character.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA)’s non-volatility and solubility properties make it industrially valuable as a catalyst in organic reactions, mainly for polymerizations, esterifications and transesterificatios, for electroplating bath and as reagent to form amine salts for pharmaceutical drug delivery purposes.


Another feature that makes Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) convenient for industrial applications is its liquid state at room temperature, while the closely related p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) is solid.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is considered a particularly suitable supporting electrolyte for electrochemical applications, where it stands as an environmentally friendly alternative to other acid electrolytes used in plating processes.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is also a primary ingredient in rust remover and descaler.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is recommended in formulation for removing rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain surfaces which are usually susceptible to acid attack.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is an organic sulfuric acid, a colorless liquid with the molecular formula CH3SO3H.
The salts and esters of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) are called mesilates (or methanesulfonates, as ethyl methanesulfonate).
In its concentrated form it is hygroscopic.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is capable of dissolving a wide range of metal salts, many of which are in much higher concentrations than hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has become a popular substitute for other acids in many industrial and laboratory applications.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organosulfonic acids in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a hygroscopic colorless liquid or white solid.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is very soluble in water and oxygenated solvents, but sparingly soluble in most
hydrocarbons.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a strong, odorless and less corrosive acid.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is not harmful to systems, employees, customers, waste management or the environment when used in chemical synthesis, metal refinement or industrial cleaning.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) can be used sparingly and saves energy.


Additional advantages are the high solubility of its salts, its lack of color and the fact that Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is readily biodegradable (according to OECD Directive 301 A).
The acid strength of the organic Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is between that of carboxylic acids and strong mineral acids.



USES and APPLICATIONS of METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
Wide Applications of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA): Perfect for electroplating, organic reactions, polymerization, and more.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used to clean off surface rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain which are usually susceptible to acid attack.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) can be used in the generation of borane (BH3) by reacting methanesulfonic acid with NaBH4 in an aprotic solvent such as THF or DMSO, the complex of BH3 and the solvent is formed.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is widely used as catalyst or salifying agent replacing the more toxic, corrosive and less biodegradable mineral acids
In the chemical industry, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a substance for the formation of secondary methane sulfonates from olefins, a chemical for the production of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and for the production of methane sulfonyl chloride.


Catalyst in esterification, alkylation, olefin polymerization, peroxidation reactions.
In electrical engineering, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used to etch pressed electrical panels.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used as an alternative to inorganic acids because it not only performs its function well but also does not corrode the metals of the plates.


This prolongs the service life of the plates.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is capable of dissolving a wide range of metal salts, many of which are in much higher concentrations than hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4).


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has become a popular substitute for other acids in many industrial and laboratory applications.
The closest analogue, p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA), is solid
used in detergents because it does not cause eutrophication in water bodies.


In the electroplating industry, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) solutions are used to electroplate tin and tin-lead alloys.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) displaces fluoroboric acid, which releases corrosive and volatile hydrogen fluoride.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used as an electrolyte in electroplating processes such as nickel plating, copper plating and tin plating.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) acts as a buffer to maintain the pH of the electrolyte solution and to help ensure uniform coverage of the metal substrate.
In metals processing and extraction, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is of particular interest in lead hydrometallurgy, where it is a greener alternative to HBF4 and H2SiF6.


However, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) can also be used in all hydrometallurgical processes that require strong Brønsted acids.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) can be used in copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel and rare earth metallurgy, as well as in the recycling of metals from discarded products.


For example, if CaO, Ca(OH)2 or CaCO3 is used to neutralize excess Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) after leaching, and the metals have been removed from the saturated leach solution by precipitation as hydroxides or sulfides, there will be a significant amount of dissolved calcium methanesulfonate in the raffinate.


The addition of sulfuric acid to this solution results in the precipitation of CaSO4-2H2O (gypsum) and the Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is recovered and can be reused.
Similarly, silver can be recovered from Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) salt solutions by adding hydrochloric acid.


This produces a sparingly soluble silver (I) chloride which precipitates out.
Rare earth elements (REE) can be recovered from Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) solutions by the addition of oxalic acid.
In order to develop a new MSA-based process for the refining of recycled raw silver from secondary resources, the characteristics of silver metal pellet dissolution in Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) were investigated.


Although Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) alone did not dissolve the pellets, they were dissolved by the addition of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant.
Silver pellets containing about 94 % silver together with other precious metals such as gold and PGMs were successfully dissolved with a mixture of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) and hydrogen peroxide.


The high solubility of methanesulfonate salts compared to sulphate and chloride salts is also useful for the recovery of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) in process solutions after removal of precious metals.
The extraction yields were found to be in excess of 90 %, with solid-liquid ratios of up to 550 g/L and a stoichiometric excess of hydrogen peroxide of three times.


The optimum yield was found to be between 65 °C and 85 °C.
A high selectivity for palladium was achieved: only 7 % of palladium dissolved together.
The dissolution residue consisted mainly of gold and undissolved silver, with small amounts of palladium and platinum.


A negative correlation was observed between the solubility of silver(I) methanesulphonate and the concentration of free Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) after leaching.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has been shown to be an effective solvent for dissolving the cathode material of LiCoO2 lithium ion batteries.


With a small amount of hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent (0,9 % by volume), lithium and cobalt could be leached very efficiently with a 1 M Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) solution.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) performed much better than the other organic acids tested (citric acid, malonic acid, succinic acid and oxalic acid).


Dissolved cobalt precipitated as CoCO3 and was calcined to Co3O4, while dissolved lithium precipitated as Li2CO3 with the addition of Na2CO3 solution.
Li2CO3 and Co3O4 were combined in a solid state to form the new cathode material LiCoO2.
In pharmaceuticals, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is very suitable for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients such as telmisartan and eprosartan, angiotensin II receptor antagonists.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) plays an important role in a wide range of pharmaceutical applications, from the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to drug formulation.
As a catalyst, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) facilitates key reactions in the synthesis of APIs such as esterification, acylation and sulfonation.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is also used in drug formulation processes where it helps to solubilize and stabilize active compounds.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA)'s compatibility with various solvents and its mild nature contribute to the development of safe and effective pharmaceutical formulations.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) and other lower alkanesulfonic acids are useful for plating of lead, nickel, cadmium, silver, and zinc.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) also finds use in plating of tin, copper, lead, and other metals and is used in printed circuit board manufacture.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) finds use in ion-exchange resin regeneration because of the high solubility of many metal salts in aqueous solutions.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is also used as catalyst in esterification, alkylation, olefin polymerization, peroxidation
reactions.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is also a primary ingredient in rust and scale removers.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used to clean off surface rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain which are usually susceptible to acid attack.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) side chain was utilized in pharmaceutical products Novalgin (metamizole) & Methaniazide.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used as a solvent and as a catalyst for alkylations, esterifications and polymerizations.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used Agricultural Chemicals, Crop Protection, Curing Agent, Electronic Chemicals, Flavor & Fragrance, Household, Industrial & Institutional Chemicals, Industrial Chemicals, Inks & Digital Inks, Lithium Battery & Electrolyte Chemicals, Lubricant & Grease, Metal Plating, Metal Working, Finishing & Flux, Personal Care & Cosmetics, Pharmaceutical & Fine Chemicals, Plastic, Resin & Rubber, Textile Auxiliaries, Catalysts, Coatings, Pesticides, Solvents.


Since Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is odorless, it may also be used in odor-sensitive applications.
Its lack of smell also increases safety at work because Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) does not produce any acrid fumes.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is very suitable for neutralisation of vegetable oils with high FFA content.


In pharmaceuticals, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is very suitable for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients such as telmisartan and eprosartan, angiotensin II receptor antagonists.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) plays an important role in a wide range of pharmaceutical applications, from the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to drug formulation.


As a catalyst, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) facilitates key reactions in the synthesis of APIs such as esterification, acylation and sulfonation.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA)'s efficiency in promoting these reactions allows the efficient production of pharmaceutical intermediates and final APIs.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is also used in drug formulation processes where it helps to solubilize and stabilize active compounds.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA)'s compatibility with various solvents and its mild nature contribute to the development of safe and effective pharmaceutical formulations.
Its efficiency in promoting these reactions allows the efficient production of pharmaceutical intermediates and final APIs.


-In oil industry (well stimulation):
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used in the oilfield industry for acidification treatments that increase production by dissolving mineral deposits and improving reservoir permeability.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) acts as a catalyst to break down complex hydrocarbons and increase oil recovery efficiency.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has lower corrosion and biodegradability, resulting in reduced equipment corrosion and longer service life, and lower maintenance costs.
In addition, the biodegradable properties of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) contribute to environmentally friendly oilfield operations.


-Electroplating uses of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA):
Solutions of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) are used for the electroplating of tin and tin-lead solders.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is displacing the use of fluoroboric acid, which releases corrosive and volatile hydrogen fluoride.


-In oil industry (well stimulation):
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used in the oilfield industry for acidification treatments that increase production by dissolving mineral deposits and improving reservoir permeability.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) acts as a catalyst to break down complex hydrocarbons and increase oil recovery efficiency.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has lower corrosion and biodegradability, resulting in reduced equipment corrosion and longer service life, and lower maintenance costs.
In addition, the biodegradable properties of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) contribute to environmentally friendly oilfield operations.


-In the cleaning industry, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a key ingredient in rust and plaque removers from acid-sensitive surfaces.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used to clean rust from ceramics, tiles and porcelain, which are generally sensitive to strong acids.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is an excellent alternative to traditional phosphoric acid-based rust removers/cleaners as it is not inferior in cleaning performance and does not contribute to eutrophication (water damage) when discharged into wastewater.

This property is particularly relevant for operators of individual sewage treatment plants, as Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) does not impair their operation and does not damage the water bodies into which the treated wastewater is discharged.


-Use as a solvent:
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is not only an excellent catalyst for the chitin acylation process but also a good solvent for partially acylated chitin.
Therefore, homogeneous chitin acylation can be achieved in the Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) system.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used as a solvent for high molecular weight polymers.


-In water systems, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used for regeneration of water softening filter charges.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is well suited because it does not damage anion exchange and cation exchange resins and reacts well with the metals on their surface, thus opening the active centres of the resins and allowing the charges to operate at full capacity.


-In the electrical industry, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used to dissolve lead salts to produce the electrolyte in bipolar batteries.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has the advantage of eliminating the parasitic reactions that inhibit the storage/generation of chemical electricity, greatly simplifying the battery design, and allowing the production of energy storage/batteries in a wide range of sizes.



OVERVIEW OF METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA)is an organic acid with the chemical formula CH3SO3H.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a colorless, viscous liquid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a strong acid, meaning that it readily donates protons (H+) to other molecules in solution.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is commonly used in organic synthesis and as a catalyst in various chemical reactions.
Thanks to its versatility, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a viable substitute for organic and inorganic strong acids in a variety of applications.



CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
The chemical structure of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) consists of a central carbon atom (C) bonded to three hydrogen atoms (H).
One of the hydrogen atoms is also bonded to a sulfur atom (S), and the sulfur atom is further bonded to three oxygen atoms (O).
These oxygen atoms are also bonded to a hydrogen atom each.
This arrangement gives Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) its distinct properties as a strong organic acid.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
Colorless or light yellow liquid
Odorless or with a slight sulfuric odor
Highly soluble in water forming a homogeneous solution and is miscible with most polar organic solvents.
Relatively high density (~1.48 g/mL at room temperature)
High boiling point (~167°C or 332°F)



HISTORY AND MANUFACTURING OF METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
The first commercial production of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA), developed in the 1940s by Standard Oil of Indiana, was based on oxidation of dimethylsulfide by O2 from air.
Although inexpensive, this process suffered from a poor product quality and explosion hazards.

In 1967, the Pennwalt Corporation (USA) developed a different process for dimethylsulfide (as an water-based emulsion) oxidation using chlorine, followed by extraction-purification.
In 2022 this chlorine-oxidation process was used only by Arkema (France) for making high-purity MSA.
This process is not popular on a large scale, because it co-produces large quantities of hydrochloric acid.

Between years 1970 and 2000 Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) was used only on a relatively small-scale in niche markets (for example, in the microelectronic and electroplating industries since the 1980s), which was mainly due to its rather high price and limited availability.

However, this situation changed around 2003, when BASF launched commercial production of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) in Ludwigshafen based on a modified version of the aforementioned air oxidation process, using dimethyldisulfide instead of dimethylsulfoxide.
The former is produced in one step from methanol from syngas, hydrogen and sulfur.

An even better (lower-cost and environmentally friendlier) process of making Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) was developed in 2016 by Grillo-Werke AG (Germany).
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is based on a direct reaction between methane and oleum at around 50 °C and 100 bar in the presence of a potassium persulfate initiator.
This technology was acquired and commercialized by BASF in 2019.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
Chemical formula: CH₄O₃S
Molar mass: 96.10 g·mol⁻¹
Appearance: Clear, colourless liquid
Density: 1.48 g/cm³
Melting point: 17 to 19 °C (63 to 66 °F; 290 to 292 K)
Boiling point: 167 °C (333 °F; 440 K) at 10 mmHg, 122 °C/1 mmHg
Solubility in water: Miscible
Solubility: Miscible with methanol, diethyl ether.
Immiscible with hexane
log P: −2.424
Acidity (pKa): −1.9
Molecular Weight: 96.11 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 95.98811516 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 95.98811516 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area: 62.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 5
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 92.6
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical State: Liquid
Color: Light Yellow
Odor: Characteristic
Melting Point/Freezing Point: 17 - 19 °C
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: 167 °C at 13 hPa
Flammability: No data available

Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits:
Upper Explosion Limit: 24.3% (V)
Lower Explosion Limit: 11.4% (V)
Flash Point: 189 °C (Closed Cup - DIN 51755 Part 1)
Autoignition Temperature: 535 °C at 1.010 hPa (DIN 51794)
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
pH: < 1 at 20 °C
Viscosity:
Kinematic Viscosity: 7.86 mm²/s at 25 °C
Dynamic Viscosity: 11.6 mPa·s at 25 °C
Water Solubility: Approximately 1,000 g/L at 20 °C (Completely Miscible)
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water):
Log Pow: -2.38 at 20 °C
Vapor Pressure: 0.112 hPa at 80 °C (OECD Test Guideline 104)
Density: 1.481 g/cm³ at 25 °C
Dissociation Constant: -1.54 at 25 °C
Relative Vapor Density: 3.32 (Air = 1.0)
CAS number: 75-75-2

EC index number: 607-145-00-4
EC number: 200-898-6
Hill Formula: CH₄O₃S
Chemical formula: CH₃SO₃H
Molar Mass: 96.11 g/mol
HS Code: 2904 10 11
Boiling point: 167 °C (13 hPa)
Density: 1.4812 g/cm3 (18 °C)
Flash point: 189 °C
Melting Point: 20 °C
pH value: Vapor pressure: 0.112 hPa (80 °C)
Solubility: 1000 g/l
CBNumber:CB3433704
Molecular Formula:CH4O3S
Molecular Weight:96.11
MDL Number:MFCD00007518

MOL File:75-75-2.mol
Melting point: 17-19 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 167 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.475-1.485 g/mL at 20 °C 1.481 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 3.3 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.429(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: water: soluble1,000 g/L at 20°C
pka: -2.6(at 25℃)
form: Solution
color: brown
Specific Gravity: 1.48 (18/4℃)
Water Solubility: Miscible with water.
Slightly miscible with benzene and toluene.
Immiscible with paraffins.

λmax: λ: 240-320 nm Amax: <0.4
Sensitive: Light Sensitive & Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,5954
BRN: 1446024
Stability: Stable.
Moisture sensitive.
Incompatible with amines, bases, water, common metals.
Releases a substantial amount of heat when diluted with water
(add acid to water with care if diluting).
InChIKey: AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 75-75-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 12EH9M7279
NIST Chemistry Reference: CH3SO3H(75-75-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Methanesulfonic acid (75-75-2)
Melting Point: 19.0°C
Density: 1.4810g/mL
Boiling Point: 167.0°C (10.0 mmHg)
Flash Point: 189°C

Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 99%
Refractive Index: 1.4252 to 1.4315
Linear Formula: CH3SO3H
Beilstein: 04, 4
Fieser 01,666; 02,270; 04,326; 10,256; 11,321; 12,212; 13,176
Specific Gravity: 1.481
Merck Index: 15, 6026
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: soluble.
Other solubilities: soluble in alcohol, ether and ethanol,
insoluble in hexane and methylcyclopentane,
1.50wt% benzene: -0.23wt% 0-chlorotoluene (26-28°C),
0.38wt% toluene: -0.47wt% ethyl disulfide (26-28°C)
Viscosity: 11.6 mPa.s (25°C)
Formula Weight: 96.1
Percent Purity: 99%
Grade: Extra Pure
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Methanesulfonic acid



FIRST AID MEASURES of METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water.
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent and neutralising material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
Water
Foam
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,65 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 60 min
*Body Protection:
Acid-resistant protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type B
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
No metal containers.
Tightly closed.
Heat sensitive.
Hygroscopic.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

METHANE SULFONIC ACID 70% Ludwigshafen, Germany – December 20, 2018 – BASF intends to expand the production capacity for methane sulfonic acid (MSA) at its Ludwigshafen site by around 65 percent and increase the global capacity to 50,000 metric tons per year. With the investment the company further strengthens its position as the leading global producer of MSA. The volumes from the additional capacity are expected to be available late in 2021 for customers in all regions. “The demand for MSA increased strongly across industries. This expansion will allow us to support the rapid growth of our customers, especially in Asia. Beyond the increase in Ludwigshafen, we evaluate investment options outside of Europe to continuously expand our MSA capacities,” says Martin Widmann, Global Strategic Marketing and Development, Care Chemicals division at BASF. “We focus our extensive know-how and highly efficient manufacturing processes on our customers’ needs to enhance their applications’ performance, sustainability and efficacy." Sustainable alternative to conventional acids Methane sulfonic acid is a strong organic acid used in numerous applications ranging from chemical and biofuel synthesis to industrial cleaning and metal surface treatment in the electronics industry. The expansion is in line with the trend for top-performance and at the same time environmentally friendly technologies in various industries. BASF’s proprietary process enables the production of Lutropur® MSA – a high-purity methane sulfonic acid. Lutropur MSA is a sustainable alternative to other acids such as sulfuric, phosphoric or acetic acid. As part of the natural sulfur cycle MSA is readily biodegradable. Further benefits in practical applications come, for example, from its nonoxidizing nature, the high solubility of its salts and the absence of color and odor. As already announced at the end of 2018, BASF will proceed with expanding global capacities for methane sulfonic acid (MSA) to 50,000 metric tons per year. This involves a higher double-digit million euro investment in constructing a new methane sulfonic acid plant at the Ludwigshafen site. The construction works started recently. The volumes from the additional capacity are expected to be available from the end of 2021 and are dedicated to mainly serve European customers as well as the rapidly growing Asian market. “We want to meet our customers' growing demand for high-quality, sustainable and high-performance technologies in the best possible way now and in future. To achieve that, we continuously invest in expanding our capacities and production technologies. To this end, we acquired an innovative process approach for producing MSA from Grillo-Werke AG in mid 2019 to strengthen our own R&D activities and to accelerate the development of a new manufacturing process for methane sulfonic acid. In doing so, we support as reliable partner the growth of our customers across the world,” said Ralph Schweens, President Care Chemicals, BASF. Sustainable alternative to conventional acids Methane sulfonic acid is a strong organic acid used in numerous applications ranging from chemical and biofuel synthesis to industrial cleaning and metal surface treatment in the electronics industry. BASF's high-purity methane sulfonic acid – sold under the brand name Lutropur® MSA – is a sustainable alternative to other acids such as sulfuric, phosphoric or acetic acid. As part of the natural sulfur cycle, Lutropur MSA is readily biodegradable. Further benefits of using methane sulfonic acid come from its non-oxidizing character, the high solubility of its salts and the absence of color and odor. Product overview MSA (Methane Sulfonic Acid 70% - CAS 75-75-2) is a strong acid widely used as a catalyst (esterification, alkylation, etc.) thanks to its performances, it is an interesting substitute for organic and inorganic strong acids in various applications. Ester quality, easy recyclability and "green" effluent are part of the major methane sulfonic acid 70% advantage is in esterification. Methane sulfonic acid 70% Jump to navigationJump to search Methane sulfonic acid 70% Structural formula of Methane sulfonic acid 70% Ball-and-stick model of Methane sulfonic acid 70% Names IUPAC name Methane sulfonic acid 70% Other names Methylsulfonic acid, MSA Identifiers CAS Number 75-75-2 check 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:27376 check ChemSpider 6155 check ECHA InfoCard 100.000.817 Edit this at Wikidata EC Number 200-898-6 PubChem CID 6395 UNII 12EH9M7279 check CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID4026422 Edit this at Wikidata InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula CH4O3S Molar mass 96.10 g·mol−1 Appearance Clear, colourless liquid Density 1.48 g/cm3 Melting point 17 to 19 °C (63 to 66 °F; 290 to 292 K) Boiling point 167 °C (333 °F; 440 K) at 10 mmHg, 122 °C/1 mmHg Solubility in water miscible Solubility Miscible with methanol, diethyl ether. Immiscible with hexane log P -2.424[1] Acidity (pKa) −1.9[2] Hazards Safety data sheet Oxford MSDS EU classification (DSD) (outdated) Harmful (Xn), Corrosive (C) Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). check verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Methane sulfonic acid 70% (MsOH) or methanesulphonic acid (in British English) is a colorless liquid with the chemical formula CH3SO3H. It is the simplest of the alkylsulfonic acids. Salts and esters of Methane sulfonic acid 70% are known as mesylates (or methanesulfonates, as in ethyl methanesulfonate). It is hygroscopic in its concentrated form. Methane sulfonic acid 70% may be considered an intermediate compound between sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and methylsulfonylmethane ((CH3)2SO2), effectively replacing an –OH group with a –CH3 group at each step. This pattern can extend no further in either direction without breaking down the –SO2– group. Methane sulfonic acid 70% can dissolve a wide range of metal salts, many of them in significantly higher concentrations than in hydrochloric or sulfuric acid.[3] Contents 1 Applications 1.1 Electroplating 2 See also 3 References Applications Methane sulfonic acid 70% is used as an acid catalyst in organic reactions because it is a non-volatile, strong acid that is soluble in organic solvents. It is convenient for industrial applications because it is liquid at ambient temperature, while the closely related p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) is solid. However, in a laboratory setting, solid PTSA is more convenient. Methane sulfonic acid 70% can be used in the generation of borane (BH3) by reacting Methane sulfonic acid 70% with NaBH4 in an aprotic solvent such as THF or DMS, the complex of BH3 and the solvent is formed.[4] Electroplating Solutions of Methane sulfonic acid 70% are used for the electroplating of tin and tin-lead solders. It is displacing the use of fluoroboric acid, which releases corrosive and volatile hydrogen fluoride.[5] Methane sulfonic acid 70% is also a primary ingredient in rust and scale removers.[6] It is used to clean off surface rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain which are usually susceptible to acid attack. See also TrifluoroMethane sulfonic acid 70% - the more acidic trifluoro analogue 4.3.3.2.1 Methane sulfonic acid 70% system Methane sulfonic acid 70% with high acidity is not only the catalyst in the process of chitin acylation, but also is a good solvent for partially acylated chitin. Thus homogeneous acylation of chitin can be achieved in the Methane sulfonic acid 70% system. Norio et al. [75] mixed chitin, Methane sulfonic acid 70%, and glacial acetic acid according to different molar ratios, and reacted it at 0°C overnight to obtain acetylated chitin with different DS. In this experiment, a homogeneous phase is gradually formed as the reaction proceeds, which contributes to further acylation. This reaction should be kept at a low temperature to prevent degradation of chitin in acidic conditions. The acylating agent is not limited to carboxylic acid but also acid chloride. Furthermore, Kaifu et al. [78] mixed the chitin, Methane sulfonic acid 70%, and acid chloride first, then the mixture was reacted at 0°C for 2 h, followed by an overnight reaction at –20°C to obtain acylated chitin. By changing the kind and molar amount of acid chloride, hexanoylation, oxime acylation, and dodecyl acylation of chitin with different DS can be obtained, of which DS can be up to 1.9. In this process, the crystallinity of chitin can be effectively destroyed by further acylation by reacting at –20°C overnight. In general, the acylation ability of the acid chloride is higher than that of the carboxylic acid. The larger the acylation group, the greater the damage to the crystalline region of chitin. c. Dilute Methane sulfonic acid 70% in Dioxane–Dichloromethane This diluted Methane sulfonic acid 70% (MSA) system, which uses 0.5 M MSA in 1:9 (v/v) dioxane–CH2Cl2 (Kiso et al., 1992b), is primarily used in SPPS. The advantages are as follows: (i) elimination of side-chain protecting groups is reduced compared to the conventional 45% TFA/CH2Cl2 method, and (ii) pyroglutamyl formation from glutamine-containing peptides is similarly decreased relative to the use of 4 N HCl/dioxane. Using the MSA deprotection system, Kiso et al. (1990a) developed an efficient method for SPPS consisting of in situ neutralization and the rapid coupling reaction using BOP or BOI reagent activation (Kiso et al., 1990a) (Fig. 7). Porcine brain natriuretic peptide (pBNP) was synthesized successfully using this method (Kiso et al., 1992b). 10.14.10.6 DMSO and Methane sulfonic acid 70% DMSO and Methane sulfonic acid 70% are two of the most important organic oxidation products of DMS. It is not entirely clear how Methane sulfonic acid 70%, CH3S(O)(O)(OH), forms, but methanesulfinic acid, CH3S(O)(OH)CH3, has been reported during oxidation in OH–DMS systems. Further addition of OH to methanesulfinic acid, followed by reaction with oxygen, can yield Methane sulfonic acid 70%. At lower temperatures found in the Arctic, there are a wide variety of oxidation products of DMS that include the MSA, DMS, and dimethylsulfone, CH3S(O)(O)CH3. WHAT IS METHANE SULPHONIC ACID 70% Methane sulphonic acid 70%, also known as methane sulfonic acid 70% or mesylic acid. It is widely used as an acid catalyst and solvent in organic reactions in biological and agricultural industry. It is also a key ingredient in plating various metals to print circuit board manufacture in electric industry. Besides, Methane sulphonic acid 70% is popularly used in textile treatment, and the production of plastics and polymers. Synonyms: Methane sulfonic acid 70%, Methane sulphonic acid 70%, Mesylate, Methylsulfonate, Methane sulfonic acid 70%, MSA INCI: Methane Sulphonic Acid Chemical Formula: CH3SO3H CAS Number: CAS 75-75-2 Ludwigshafen, Germany – December 20, 2018 – BASF intends to expand the production capacity for methane sulfonic acid (MSA) at its Ludwigshafen site by around 65 percent and increase the global capacity to 50,000 metric tons per year. With the investment the company further strengthens its position as the leading global producer of MSA. The volumes from the additional capacity are expected to be available late in 2021 for customers in all regions. “The demand for MSA increased strongly across industries. This expansion will allow us to support the rapid growth of our customers, especially in Asia. Beyond the increase in Ludwigshafen, we evaluate investment options outside of Europe to continuously expand our MSA capacities,” says Martin Widmann, Global Strategic Marketing and Development, Care Chemicals division at BASF. “We focus our extensive know-how and highly efficient manufacturing processes on our customers’ needs to enhance their applications’ performance, sustainability and efficacy." Sustainable alternative to conventional acids Methane sulfonic acid is a strong organic acid used in numerous applications ranging from chemical and biofuel synthesis to industrial cleaning and metal surface treatment in the electronics industry. The expansion is in line with the trend for top-performance and at the same time environmentally friendly technologies in various industries. BASF’s proprietary process enables the production of Lutropur® MSA – a high-purity methane sulfonic acid. Lutropur MSA is a sustainable alternative to other acids such as sulfuric, phosphoric or acetic acid. As part of the natural sulfur cycle MSA is readily biodegradable. Further benefits in practical applications come, for example, from its nonoxidizing nature, the high solubility of its salts and the absence of color and odor. As already announced at the end of 2018, BASF will proceed with expanding global capacities for methane sulfonic acid (MSA) to 50,000 metric tons per year. This involves a higher double-digit million euro investment in constructing a new methane sulfonic acid plant at the Ludwigshafen site. The construction works started recently. The volumes from the additional capacity are expected to be available from the end of 2021 and are dedicated to mainly serve European customers as well as the rapidly growing Asian market. “We want to meet our customers' growing demand for high-quality, sustainable and high-performance technologies in the best possible way now and in future. To achieve that, we continuously invest in expanding our capacities and production technologies. To this end, we acquired an innovative process approach for producing MSA from Grillo-Werke AG in mid 2019 to strengthen our own R&D activities and to accelerate the development of a new manufacturing process for methane sulfonic acid. In doing so, we support as reliable partner the growth of our customers across the world,” said Ralph Schweens, President Care Chemicals, BASF. Sustainable alternative to conventional acids Methane sulfonic acid is a strong organic acid used in numerous applications ranging from chemical and biofuel synthesis to industrial cleaning and metal surface treatment in the electronics industry. BASF's high-purity methane sulfonic acid – sold under the brand name Lutropur® MSA – is a sustainable alternative to other acids such as sulfuric, phosphoric or acetic acid. As part of the natural sulfur cycle, Lutropur MSA is readily biodegradable. Further benefits of using methane sulfonic acid come from its non-oxidizing character, the high solubility of its salts and the absence of color and odor. Product overview MSA (Methane Sulfonic Acid 70% - CAS 75-75-2) is a strong acid widely used as a catalyst (esterification, alkylation, etc.) thanks to its performances, it is an interesting substitute for organic and inorganic strong acids in various applications. Ester quality, easy recyclability and "green" effluent are part of the major methane sulfonic acid 70% advantage is in esterification. Methane sulfonic acid 70% Jump to navigationJump to search Methane sulfonic acid 70% Structural formula of Methane sulfonic acid 70% Ball-and-stick model of Methane sulfonic acid 70% Names IUPAC name Methane sulfonic acid 70% Other names Methylsulfonic acid, MSA Identifiers CAS Number 75-75-2 check 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:27376 check ChemSpider 6155 check ECHA InfoCard 100.000.817 Edit this at Wikidata EC Number 200-898-6 PubChem CID 6395 UNII 12EH9M7279 check CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID4026422 Edit this at Wikidata InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula CH4O3S Molar mass 96.10 g·mol−1 Appearance Clear, colourless liquid Density 1.48 g/cm3 Melting point 17 to 19 °C (63 to 66 °F; 290 to 292 K) Boiling point 167 °C (333 °F; 440 K) at 10 mmHg, 122 °C/1 mmHg Solubility in water miscible Solubility Miscible with methanol, diethyl ether. Immiscible with hexane log P -2.424[1] Acidity (pKa) −1.9[2] Hazards Safety data sheet Oxford MSDS EU classification (DSD) (outdated) Harmful (Xn), Corrosive (C) Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). check verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Methane sulfonic acid 70% (MsOH) or methanesulphonic acid (in British English) is a colorless liquid with the chemical formula CH3SO3H. It is the simplest of the alkylsulfonic acids. Salts and esters of Methane sulfonic acid 70% are known as mesylates (or methanesulfonates, as in ethyl methanesulfonate). It is hygroscopic in its concentrated form. Methane sulfonic acid 70% may be considered an intermediate compound between sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and methylsulfonylmethane ((CH3)2SO2), effectively replacing an –OH group with a –CH3 group at each step. This pattern can extend no further in either direction without breaking down the –SO2– group. Methane sulfonic acid 70% can dissolve a wide range of metal salts, many of them in significantly higher concentrations than in hydrochloric or sulfuric acid.[3] Contents 1 Applications 1.1 Electroplating 2 See also 3 References Applications Methane sulfonic acid 70% is used as an acid catalyst in organic reactions because it is a non-volatile, strong acid that is soluble in organic solvents. It is convenient for industrial applications because it is liquid at ambient temperature, while the closely related p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) is solid. However, in a laboratory setting, solid PTSA is more convenient. Methane sulfonic acid 70% can be used in the generation of borane (BH3) by reacting Methane sulfonic acid 70% with NaBH4 in an aprotic solvent such as THF or DMS, the complex of BH3 and the solvent is formed.[4] Electroplating Solutions of Methane sulfonic acid 70% are used for the electroplating of tin and tin-lead solders. It is displacing the use of fluoroboric acid, which releases corrosive and volatile hydrogen fluoride.[5] Methane sulfonic acid 70% is also a primary ingredient in rust and scale removers.[6] It is used to clean off surface rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain which are usually susceptible to acid attack. See also TrifluoroMethane sulfonic acid 70% - the more acidic trifluoro analogue 4.3.3.2.1 Methane sulfonic acid 70% system Methane sulfonic acid 70% with high acidity is not only the catalyst in the process of chitin acylation, but also is a good solvent for partially acylated chitin. Thus homogeneous acylation of chitin can be achieved in the Methane sulfonic acid 70% system. Norio et al. [75] mixed chitin, Methane sulfonic acid 70%, and glacial acetic acid according to different molar ratios, and reacted it at 0°C overnight to obtain acetylated chitin with different DS. In this experiment, a homogeneous phase is gradually formed as the reaction proceeds, which contributes to further acylation. This reaction should be kept at a low temperature to prevent degradation of chitin in acidic conditions. The acylating agent is not limited to carboxylic acid but also acid chloride. Furthermore, Kaifu et al. [78] mixed the chitin, Methane sulfonic acid 70%, and acid chloride first, then the mixture was reacted at 0°C for 2 h, followed by an overnight reaction at –20°C to obtain acylated chitin. By changing the kind and molar amount of acid chloride, hexanoylation, oxime acylation, and dodecyl acylation of chitin with different DS can be obtained, of which DS can be up to 1.9. In this process, the crystallinity of chitin can be effectively destroyed by further acylation by reacting at –20°C overnight. In general, the acylation ability of the acid chloride is higher than that of the carboxylic acid. The larger the acylation group, the greater the damage to the crystalline region of chitin. c. Dilute Methane sulfonic acid 70% in Dioxane–Dichloromethane This diluted Methane sulfonic acid 70% (MSA) system, which uses 0.5 M MSA in 1:9 (v/v) dioxane–CH2Cl2 (Kiso et al., 1992b), is primarily used in SPPS. The advantages are as follows: (i) elimination of side-chain protecting groups is reduced compared to the conventional 45% TFA/CH2Cl2 method, and (ii) pyroglutamyl formation from glutamine-containing peptides is similarly decreased relative to the use of 4 N HCl/dioxane. Using the MSA deprotection system, Kiso et al. (1990a) developed an efficient method for SPPS consisting of in situ neutralization and the rapid coupling reaction using BOP or BOI reagent activation (Kiso et al., 1990a) (Fig. 7). Porcine brain natriuretic peptide (pBNP) was synthesized successfully using this method (Kiso et al., 1992b). 10.14.10.6 DMSO and Methane sulfonic acid 70% DMSO and Methane sulfonic acid 70% are two of the most important organic oxidation products of DMS. It is not entirely clear how Methane sulfonic acid 70%, CH3S(O)(O)(OH), forms, but methanesulfinic acid, CH3S(O)(OH)CH3, has been reported during oxidation in OH–DMS systems. Further addition of OH to methanesulfinic acid, followed by reaction with oxygen, can yield Methane sulfonic acid 70%. At lower temperatures found in the Arctic, there are a wide variety of oxidation products of DMS that include the MSA, DMS, and dimethylsulfone, CH3S(O)(O)CH3. WHAT IS METHANE SULPHONIC ACID 70% Methane sulphonic acid 70%, also known as methane sulfonic acid 70% or mesylic acid. It is widely used as an acid catalyst and solvent in organic reactions in biological and agricultural industry. It is also a key ingredient in plating various metals to print circuit board manufacture in electric industry. Besides, Methane sulphonic acid 70% is popularly used in textile treatment, and the production of plastics and polymers. Synonyms: Methane sulfonic acid 70%, Methane sulphonic acid 70%, Mesylate, Methylsulfonate, Methane sulfonic acid 70%, MSA INCI: Methane Sulphonic Acid Chemical Formula: CH3SO3H CAS Number: CAS 75-75-2

Methane sulfonic acid (CH3SO3H, MSA) is a strong organic acid.
The chemical oxidation of dimetyl sulfide in the atmosphere leads to the formation of Methane sulfonic acid in large quantities.
Methane sulfonic acid undergoes biodegradation by forming CO2 and sulphate.

CAS: 75-75-2
MF: CH4O3S
MW: 96.11
EINECS: 200-898-6

Methane sulfonic acid is considered a green acid as it is less toxic and corrosive in comparison to mineral acids.
The aqueous Methane sulfonic acid solution has been considered a model electrolyte for electrochemical processes.
Methane sulfonic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methane sulfonic acid has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Methane sulfonic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.
Methane sulfonic acid is a conjugate acid of a methanesulfonate.

Methane sulfonic acid is a silicone regularly used in haircare products.
Methane sulfonic acid is known as a good silicone as the polymer structure does not stay and build-up on the hair, it simply evaporates.
Methane sulfonic acid gives hair a silky-smooth texture and provides lots of slip, meaning you can run a comb through your hair while it’s soaking wet without causing snagging or tangling, and therefor not damage the hair.

Methane sulfonic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methane sulfonic acid has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Methane sulfonic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.
Methane sulfonic acid is a conjugate acid of a methanesulfonate.
An alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.

Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) is a strong organic acid.
The chemical oxidation of dimetyl sulfide in the atmosphere leads to the formation of Methane sulfonic acid in large quantities.
Methane sulfonic acid undergoes biodegradation by forming CO2 and sulphate.
Methane sulfonic acid is considered a green acid as it is less toxic and corrosive in comparison to mineral acids.
The aqueous Methane sulfonic acid solution has been considered a model electrolyte for electrochemical processes.

Methane sulfonic acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 17-19 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 167 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.475-1.485 g/mL at 20 °C 1.481 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 3.3 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.429(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility water: soluble1,000 g/L at 20°C
pka: -2.6(at 25℃)
Form: Solution
Color: brown
Specific Gravity: 1.48 (18/4℃)
Water Solubility: Miscible with water. Slightly miscible with benzene and toluene. Immiscible with paraffins.
λmax λ: 240-320 nm Amax: <0.4
Sensitive: Light Sensitive & Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,5954
BRN: 1446024
Stability: Stable. Moisture sensitive. Incompatible with amines, bases, water, common metals. Releases a substantial amount of heat when diluted with water (add acid to water with care if diluting).
InChIKey: AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 75-75-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: CH3SO3H(75-75-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Methane sulfonic acid (75-75-2)

Methane sulfonic acid, the simplest alkanesulfonic acid, is a colorless or slightly brown oily liquid, appearing as solid at low temperatures.
Methane sulfonic acid has a melting temperature of 20 °C, the boiling point of 167 °C (13.33 kPa), 122 °C (0.133 kPa), the relative density of 1.4812 (18 ℃) and refractive index 1.4317 (16 ℃).
Methane sulfonic acid is soluble in water, alcohol and ether, insoluble in alkanes, benzene and toluene.
Methane sulfonic acid will not subject to decomposition in boiling water and hot alkaline solution.
Methane sulfonic acid also has strong corrosion effect against the metal iron, copper and lead.

Methane sulfonic acid is a colourless or light yellow liquid having a melting point of 20° C, is a strong acid acting corroding but not oxidizing.
Methane sulfonic acid is used in the electroplating industry and for organic syntheses, in particular as a catalyst for alkylations, esterifications, and polymerizations.
Beyond that, methane sulfonic acid is used as a starting material for the preparation of methanesulfonyl chloride.

Uses
Methane sulfonic acid is a raw material for medicine and pesticide.
Methane sulfonic acid can also be used as dehydrating agent, curing accelerator for coating, treating agent for fiber, solvent, catalysis, and esterification as well as polymerization reaction.
Methane sulfonic acid can be used as solvent, alkylation, catalyst of esterification and polymerization, also used in medicine and electroplating industry.
Methane sulfonic acid can also be applied to oxidation.
Methane sulfonic acid has been developed as an esterification catalyst in place of sulfuric acid for the synthesis of resins in paints and coatings.
One of the major advantages of methane sulfonic acid over sulfuric acid is that it is not an oxidizing species.
Methane sulfonic acid is used as a catalyst in organic reactions namely esterification, alkylation and condensation reactions due to its non- volatile nature and solubility in organic solvents.

Methane sulfonic acid is also involved in the production of starch esters, wax oxidate esters, benzoic acid esters, phenolic esters, or alkyl esters.
Methane sulfonic acid reacts with sodium borohydride in presence of polar solvent tetrahydrofuran to prepare borane-tetrahydrofuran complex.
Methane sulfonic acid finds application in batteries, because of its purity and chloride absence.
In pharmaceutical industry, Methane sulfonic acid is used for the manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients like telmisartan and eprosartan.
Methane sulfonic acid is useful in ion chromatography and is a source of carbon and energy for some gram-negative methylotropic bacteria.
Methane sulfonic acid is involved in the deprotection of peptides.
For complete protein and peptide hydrolysis with tryptophan recovery.
After hydrolysis the samples are diluted prior to amino acid analysis.

Production method
Methane sulfonic acid can be obtained through the nitrate oxidation of thiocyanate methyl.
Nitric acid and negative water are heated carefully to 80-88 °C with fractional addition of methyl thiocyanate and the temperature being automatically rose to about 105 ℃.
After the reaction becomes mild, the reaction was heated to 120 ° C and reacted for 5 hours to obtain a crude product.
The crude product was diluted with exchanged water and adjusted to pH 8-9 by addition of 25% barium hydroxide solution and filtered.
The filtrate is condensed to until crystalline precipitation.
The crystal is washed by methanol to remove the nitrate to obtain the barium methane sulfonate.

Methane sulfonic acid is then added to the exchanged water to boiling, add sulfuric acid for decomposition while Methane sulfonic acid is hot, filter and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to no water to obtain the finished product.
Another method is that the methyl isothiourea sulfate is successively subject to chlorination, oxidation and hydrolysis to derive the finished product.
Methyl isothiourea sulfate was added to the water; and the chlorine is sent into at 20-25 ° C to until phenomenon such as solution color is turned into yellow; oil layer emerges in the bottom of the bottle; the temperature drop and large number of residual chlorine is discharged from the exhaust pipe; this indicates the end point of the reaction.
The reaction solution was extracted with chloroform.

After drying, the extract was distilled at 60-62 ° C under normal pressure to remove the chloroform, and then further subject to distillation under reduced pressure.
Collect the 60-65 °C (2.67 kPa) fraction was to obtain the methanesulfonyl chloride.
Add the base drop wise under stirring to 80 ℃ hot water and maintain the heat hydrolysis for about 2h, to until the reaction liquid droplets completely disappear.
The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to a syrupy form, diluted with water, and concentrated under reduced pressure to until no more water was distilled off to obtain methanesulfonic acid.

Preparation
Methane sulfonic acid is produced predominantly by oxidizing methylthiol or dimethyl disulfide using nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine or by employing electrochemical processes.

Synonyms
METHANESULFONIC ACID
75-75-2
Methylsulfonic acid
Methanesulphonic acid
Mesylic acid
Methanesulfonicacid
Sulfomethane
Kyselina methansulfonova
Methansulfonsaeure
NSC 3718
CCRIS 2783
HSDB 5004
EINECS 200-898-6
METHANE SULFONIC ACID
BRN 1446024
DTXSID4026422
MSA
UNII-12EH9M7279
CHEBI:27376
Kyselina methansulfonova [Czech]
AI3-28532
NSC-3718
CH3SO3H
MFCD00007518
CH4O3S
12EH9M7279
DTXCID806422
22515-76-0
NSC3718
EC 200-898-6
4-04-00-00010 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
J1.465F
ammoniummethanesulfonate
METHANESULFONIC ACID (II)
METHANESULFONIC ACID [II]
CH4O3S.H3N
C-H4-O3-S.H3-N
Methanesulfonic acid, ammonium salt
Methanesulfonic acid, ammonium salt (1:1)
metanesulfonic acid
methansulfonic acid
MsOH
methansulphonic acid
methylsulphonic acid
03S
methyl sulfonic acid
methyl-sulfonic acid
methane-sulfonic acid
MeSO3H
methane sulphonic acid
methanesulphonic-acid-
LACTIC ACID(DL)
CH3SO2OH
H3CSO3H
WLN: WSQ1
Methanesulfonic acid solution
Methanesulfonic acid, 99.5%
Methanesulfonic acid, anhydrous
CHEMBL3039600
DL-MALICACIDMONOSODIUMSALT
Methanesulfonic Acid (CH3SO3H)
METHANESULFONIC ACID [MI]
Methanesulfonic acid, HPLC grade
Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%
METHANESULFONIC ACID [HSDB]
Tox21_201073
STL264182
AKOS009146947
AT25153
CAS-75-75-2
NCGC00248914-01
NCGC00258626-01
BP-12823
LS-90299
FT-0628287
M0093
M2059
EN300-29198
Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%, ReagentPlus(R)
Methanesulfonic acid, for HPLC, >=99.5% (T)
A934985
Q414168
J-521696
Methanesulfonic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
F1908-0093
Z281776238
InChI=1/CH4O3S/c1-5(2,3)4/h1H3,(H,2,3,4

Methane sulfonic acid (CH3SO3H, MSA) is a strong organic acid.
The chemical oxidation of dimetyl sulfide in the atmosphere leads to the formation of Methane sulfonic acid in large quantities.
Methane sulfonic acid undergoes biodegradation by forming CO2 and sulphate.

CAS: 75-75-2
MF: CH4O3S
MW: 96.11
EINECS: 200-898-6

Methane sulfonic acid (MsOH) or methanesulphonic acid (in British English) is an organosulfuric, colorless liquid with the molecular formula CH3SO3H and structure H3C−S(=O)2−OH.
Methane sulfonic acid is the simplest of the alkylsulfonic acids (R−S(=O)2−OH).
Salts and esters of methane sulfonic acid are known as mesylates (or methanesulfonates, as in ethyl methanesulfonate).
Methane sulfonic acid is hygroscopic in its concentrated form.
Methane sulfonic acid can dissolve a wide range of metal salts, many of them in significantly higher concentrations than in hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

Methane sulfonic acid is considered a green acid as it is less toxic and corrosive in comparison to mineral acids.
The aqueous Methane sulfonic acid solution has been considered a model electrolyte for electrochemical processes.
Methane sulfonic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methane sulfonic acid has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Methane sulfonic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.
Methane sulfonic acid is a conjugate acid of a methanesulfonate.

An alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methane sulfonic acid is a strong organic acid.
The chemical oxidation of dimetyl sulfide in the atmosphere leads to the formation of Methane sulfonic acid in large quantities.
MSA undergoes biodegradation by forming CO2 and sulphate.
Methane sulfonic acid is considered a green acid as it is less toxic and corrosive in comparison to mineral acids.

The aqueous Methane sulfonic acid solution has been considered a model electrolyte for electrochemical processes.
Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes.
May be corrosive to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
Explosive reaction with ethyl vinyl ether.
Incompatible with hydrogen fluoride.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx.

Methane sulphonic acid, also known as methanesulfonic acid or mesylic acid.
Methane sulfonic acid is widely used as an acid catalyst and solvent in organic reactions in biological and agricultural industry.
Methane sulfonic acid is also a key ingredient in plating various metals to print circuit board manufacture in electric industry.
Besides, Methane sulfonic acid is popularly used in textile treatment, and the production of plastics and polymers.
Methane sulfonic acid is a strong organic acid.
The chemical oxidation of dimetyl sulfide in the atmosphere leads to the formation of Methane sulfonic acid in large quantities.
Methane sulfonic acid undergoes biodegradation by forming CO2 and sulphate.

Methane sulfonic acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 17-19 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 167 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.475-1.485 g/mL at 20 °C 1.481 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 3.3 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.429(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: water: soluble1,000 g/L at 20°C
pka: -2.6(at 25℃)
Form: Solution
Color: brown
Specific Gravity: 1.48 (18/4℃)
Water Solubility: Miscible with water.
Slightly miscible with benzene and toluene.
Immiscible with paraffins.
λmax λ: 240-320 nm Amax: <0.4
Sensitive: Light Sensitive & Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,5954
BRN: 1446024
Stability: Stable. Moisture sensitive.
Incompatible with amines, bases, water, common metals.
Releases a substantial amount of heat when diluted with water (add acid to water with care if diluting).
InChIKey: AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 75-75-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: CH3SO3H(75-75-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Methane sulfonic acid (75-75-2)

Methane sulfonic acid, the simplest alkanesulfonic acid, is a colorless or slightly brown oily liquid, appearing as solid at low temperatures.
Methane sulfonic acid has a melting temperature of 20 °C, the boiling point of 167 °C (13.33 kPa), 122 °C (0.133 kPa), the relative density of 1.4812 (18 ℃) and refractive index 1.4317 (16 ℃).
Methane sulfonic acid is soluble in water, alcohol and ether, insoluble in alkanes, benzene and toluene.
Methane sulfonic acid will not subject to decomposition in boiling water and hot alkaline solution.
Methane sulfonic acid also has strong corrosion effect against the metal iron, copper and lead.

Methane sulfonic acid is a colourless or light yellow liquid having a melting point of 20° C, is a strong acid acting corroding but not oxidizing.
Methane sulfonic acid is used in the electroplating industry and for organic syntheses, in particular as a catalyst for alkylations, esterifications, and polymerizations.
Beyond that, methane sulfonic acid is used as a starting material for the preparation of methanesulfonyl chloride.

History and Preparation / Manufacturing
The first commercial production of Methane sulfonic acid, developed in the 1940s by Standard Oil of Indiana (USA), was based on oxidation of methylsulfide by O2 from air.
Although inexpensive, this process suffered from a poor product quality and explosion hazards.

In 1967, the Pennwalt Corporation (USA) developed a different process for methylsulfide (as an water-based emulsion) oxidation using chlorine.
In 2022 this chlorine-oxidation process was used only by Arkema SA (France) for making high-purity Methane sulfonic acid.
This process is not popular on a large scale, because Methane sulfonic acid co-produces large quantities of hydrochloric acid.

Between years 1970 and 2000 Methane sulfonic acid was used only on a relatively small-scale in niche markets (e.g., in the microelectronic and electroplating industries since the 1980s), which was mainly due to its rather high price and limited availability.
However, this situation changed around 2003, when BASF launched commercial production of Methane sulfonic acid in Ludwigshafen based on a modified version of the aforementioned air oxidation process, using dimethyldisulfide instead of methylsulfide.
The former is produced in one step from methanol from syngas, hydrogen and sulfur.

An even better (lower-cost and environmentally friendlier) process of making methane sulfonic acid was developed ca. 2016 by Grillo-Werke AG (Germany).
Methane sulfonic acid is based on a direct reaction between methane and oleum at ca. 50 °C and 100 bar in the presence of a potassium persulfate initiator.

Uses
Methane sulfonic acid is a raw material for medicine and pesticide.
Methane sulfonic acid can also be used as dehydrating agent, curing accelerator for coating, treating agent for fiber, solvent, catalysis, and esterification as well as polymerization reaction.
Methane sulfonic acid can be used as solvent, alkylation, catalyst of esterification and polymerization, also used in medicine and electroplating industry.
Methane sulfonic acid can also be applied to oxidation.
Methane sulfonic acid has been developed as an esterification catalyst in place of sulfuric acid for the synthesis of resins in paints and coatings.

One of the major advantages of methane sulfonic acid over sulfuric acid is that it is not an oxidizing species.
Methane sulfonic acid is used as a catalyst in organic reactions namely esterification, alkylation and condensation reactions due to its non- volatile nature and solubility in organic solvents.
Methane sulfonic acid is also involved in the production of starch esters, wax oxidate esters, benzoic acid esters, phenolic esters, or alkyl esters.
Methane sulfonic acid reacts with sodium borohydride in presence of polar solvent tetrahydrofuran to prepare borane-tetrahydrofuran complex.

Methane sulfonic acid finds application in batteries, because of its purity and chloride absence.
In pharmaceutical industry, Methane sulfonic acid is used for the manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients like telmisartan and eprosartan.
Methane sulfonic acid is useful in ion chromatography and is a source of carbon and energy for some gram-negative methylotropic bacteria.
Methane sulfonic acid is involved in the deprotection of peptides.
For complete protein and peptide hydrolysis with tryptophan recovery.
After hydrolysis the samples are diluted prior to amino acid analysis.

Since ca. 2000 methane sulfonic acid has become a popular replacement for other acids in numerous industrial and laboratory applications, because it is:

(1) a strong acid,
(2) has a low vapor pressure (see boiling points in the "Properties" inset),
(3) is not an oxidant or explosive, like nitric, sulfuric or perchloric acids.
(4) is liquid at room temperature,
(5) soluble in many organic solvents,
(6) forms water-soluble salts with all inorganic cations and with most organic cations,
(7) does not form complexes with metal ions in water,
(8) its anion, mesylate, is non-toxic and suitable for pharmaceutical preparations.

A the closely related p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) is solid.
Methane sulfonic acid can be used in the generation of borane (BH3) by reacting methanesulfonic acid with NaBH4 in an aprotic solvent such as THF or DMSO, the complex of BH3 and the solvent is formed.

Electroplating
Solutions of methane sulfonic acid are used for the electroplating of tin and tin-lead solders.
Methane sulfonic acid is displacing the use of fluoroboric acid, which releases corrosive and volatile hydrogen fluoride.

Methane sulfonic acid is also a primary ingredient in rust and scale removers.
Methane sulfonic acid is used to clean off surface rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain which are usually susceptible to acid attack.
Methane sulfonic acid may be used:As a catalyst to produce linear alkylbenzenes by the addition reaction between long-chain olefins and benzene.
To prepare polyaniline (PANI)/graphene composites with enhanced thermal and electrical properties.
As a catalyst for the transformation of glucose/xylose mixtures to levulinic acid and furfural.

Production Method
Methane sulfonic acid can be obtained through the nitrate oxidation of thiocyanate methyl.
Nitric acid and negative water are heated carefully to 80-88 °C with fractional addition of methyl thiocyanate and the temperature being automatically rose to about 105 ℃.
After the reaction becomes mild, the reaction was heated to 120 ° C and reacted for 5 hours to obtain a crude product.
The crude product was diluted with exchanged water and adjusted to pH 8-9 by addition of 25% barium hydroxide solution and filtered.
The filtrate is condensed to until crystalline precipitation.

The crystal is washed by methanol to remove the nitrate to obtain the barium methanesulfonate.
Methane sulfonic acid is then added to the exchanged water to boiling, add sulfuric acid for decomposition while it is hot, filter and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to no water to obtain the finished product.
Another method is that the methyl isothiourea sulfate is successively subject to chlorination, oxidation and hydrolysis to derive the finished product.
Methyl isothiourea sulfate was added to the water; and the chlorine is sent into at 20-25 ° C to until phenomenon such as solution color is turned into yellow; oil layer emerges in the bottom of the bottle; the temperature drop and large number of residual chlorine is discharged from the exhaust pipe; this indicates the end point of the reaction.

The reaction solution was extracted with chloroform.
After drying, the extract was distilled at 60-62 ° C under normal pressure to remove the chloroform, and then further subject to distillation under reduced pressure.
Collect the 60-65 °C (2.67 kPa) fraction was to obtain the methanesulfonyl chloride.
Add the base drop wise under stirring to 80 ℃ hot water and maintain the heat hydrolysis for about 2h, to until the reaction liquid droplets completely disappear.
The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to a syrupy form, diluted with water, and concentrated under reduced pressure to until no more water was distilled off to obtain methanesulfonic acid.

Preparation
Methane sulfonic acid is produced predominantly by oxidizing methylthiol or dimethyl disulfide using nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine or by employing electrochemical processes.

Synonyms
METHANESULFONIC ACID
75-75-2
Methylsulfonic acid
Methanesulphonic acid
Methanesulfonicacid
Mesylic acid
Kyselina methansulfonova
Sulfomethane
Methansulfonsaeure
NSC 3718
METHANE SULFONIC ACID
CH3SO3H
MFCD00007518
DTXSID4026422
CHEBI:27376
22515-76-0
MSA
NSC-3718
12EH9M7279
ammoniummethanesulfonate
CCRIS 2783
Kyselina methansulfonova [Czech]
HSDB 5004
EINECS 200-898-6
CH4O3S
BRN 1446024
AI3-28532
UNII-12EH9M7279
metanesulfonic acid
methansulfonic acid
MsOH
methansulphonic acid
methylsulphonic acid
03S
methyl sulfonic acid
methyl-sulfonic acid
methane-sulfonic acid
MeSO3H
methane sulphonic acid
methanesulphonic-acid-
LACTIC ACID(DL)
ammonium methanesulphonate
CH3SO2OH
H3CSO3H
WLN: WSQ1
EC 200-898-6
Methane Sulfonic Acid 99%
Methanesulfonic acid solution
4-04-00-00010 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Methanesulfonic acid, 99.5%
Methanesulfonic acid, anhydrous
DTXCID806422
CHEMBL3039600
DL-MALICACIDMONOSODIUMSALT
METHANESULFONIC ACID [II]
METHANESULFONIC ACID [MI]
Methanesulfonic acid, HPLC grade
NSC3718
Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%
METHANESULFONIC ACID [HSDB]
Tox21_201073
STL264182
AKOS009146947
AT25153
J1.465F
CAS-75-75-2
NCGC00248914-01
NCGC00258626-01
BP-12823
DB-075013
FT-0628287
M0093
M2059
EN300-29198
Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%, ReagentPlus(R)
Methanesulfonic acid, for HPLC, >=99.5% (T)
A934985
Q414168
J-521696
Methanesulfonic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
F1908-0093
Z281776238

SYNONYMS MSA, Sulphomethane; Acide methanesulfonique;Acide methanesulfonique, Kyselina methansulfonova; Methylsulphonic acid; ácido metanosulfónico; Methansulfonsäure; cas no: 75-75-2

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has the chemical formula C3H4O4.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) appears as a white, odorless crystal or crystalline powder.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is soluble in Water, Ether, and Alcohol.


CAS Number: 141-82-2
EC Number: 205-503-0
MDL number: MFCD00002707
Linear Formula: CH2(COOH)2
Molecular Formula: C3H4O4 / COOHCH2COOH



malonic acid, propanedioic acid, 141-82-2, Dicarboxymethane, Carboxyacetic acid, Methanedicarboxylic acid, malonate, Kyselina malonova, USAF EK-695, 1,3-Propanedioic acid, Dicarboxylate, Malonicacid, Dicarboxylic acid, NSC 8124, UNII-9KX7ZMG0MK, 9KX7ZMG0MK, AI3-15375, H2malo, EINECS 205-503-0, MFCD00002707, BRN 1751370, Methanedicarbonic acid, CHEBI:30794, Thallium malonate, HOOC-CH2-COOH, NSC-8124, Propane-1,3-dioic acid, alpha,omega-Dicarboxylic acid, DTXSID7021659, HSDB 8437, NSC8124, 4-02-00-01874 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 1,3-Propanoic acid, PROPANEDIOLIC ACID, METAHNEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, 2fah, Malonic acid, 99%, Malonic acid (8CI), 1o4m, MLI, Malonate dicarboxylic acid, Malonic acid, 99.5%, Propanedioic acid (9CI), SCHEMBL336, WLN: QV1VQ, MALONIC ACID [MI], CH2(COOH)2, CHEMBL7942, MALONIC ACID [INCI], DTXCID401659, SCHEMBL1471092, BDBM14673, Propanedioic acid dithallium salt, Malonic acid, analytical standard, AMY11201, BCP05571, STR00614, Tox21_200534, AC8295, LMFA01170041, s3029, Malonic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, AKOS000119034, CS-W019962, DB02175, PROPANEDIOIC ACID MALONIC ACID, NCGC00248681-01, NCGC00258088-01, BP-11453, CAS-141-82-2, SY001875, Malonic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, FT-0628127, FT-0628128, FT-0690260, FT-0693474, M0028, NS00013842, EN300-18457, Malonic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, C00383, C02028, C04025, Q421972, J-521669, Z57965450, F1908-0177, Malonic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), 592A9849-68C3-4635-AA3D-CBC44965EA3A, Malonic acid, sublimed grade, >=99.95% trace metals basis, DICARBOXYLIC ACID C3; PROPANEDIOLIC ACID; METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, InChI=1/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7, Malonic acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), 99%, LML, Propanedioic acid, Methanedicarboxylic acid, H2Malo, HOOC-CH2-COOH, Propanedioic acid, Propanedioate, Malonate, alpha,Omega-dicarboxylic acid, Carboxyacetic acid, Dicarboxylate, Dicarboxylic acid, Dicarboxymethane, Kyselina malonova, Malonate dicarboxylic acid, Metahnedicarboxylic acid, Methanedicarbonic acid, Methanedicarboxylic acid, Propanedioic acid dithallium salt, Propanediolic acid, Thallium malonate, Malonic acid, 2-(14)C-labeled, Malonic acid, monocalcium salt, Malonic acid, 1,3-(14)C2-labeled, Malonic acid, diammonium salt, Malonic acid, disodium salt, Malonic acid, dithallium salt, Malonic acid, dipotassium salt, Malonic acid, disodium salt, 1-(14)C-labeled, Malonic acid, monosodium salt, Malonic acid, potassium salt, Malonic acid, sodium salt, Thallous malonate, Dithallium malonate, Monosodium malonate, Malonic acid, malonic acid, dicarboxymethane, carboxyacetic acid, methanedicarboxylic acid, kyselina malonova, usaf ek-695, dicarboxylate, dicarboxylic acid, kyselina malonova czech, propanediolic acid, Malonic acid, Carboxyacetic acid, Dicarboxymethane, Methanedicarboxylic acid, CH2(COOH)2, USAF EK-695, Kyselina malonova, Methanedicarbonic acid, NSC 8124, alpha,Omega-dicarboxylic acid, Carboxyacetic acid, Dicarboxylate, Dicarboxylic acid, Dicarboxymethane, H2Malo, HOOC-CH2-COOH, Kyselina malonova, Malonate, Malonate dicarboxylic acid, Malonic acid, 1,3-(14)C2-labeled, Malonic acid, 2-(14)C-labeled, Malonic acid, diammonium salt, Malonic acid, dipotassium salt, Malonic acid, disodium salt, Malonic acid, disodium salt, 1-(14)C-labeled, Malonic acid, dithallium salt, Malonic acid, monocalcium salt, Malonic acid, monosodium salt, Malonic acid, potassium salt, Malonic acid, sodium salt, Metahnedicarboxylic acid, Methanedicarbonic acid, Methanedicarboxylic acid, Propanedioate, Propanedioic acid, Propanedioic acid dithallium salt, Propanediolic acid, Thallium malonate, Thallous malonate, Dithallium malonate, Monosodium malonate, Malonic acid, Malonic Acid, Disodium Salt, 1 (14)C Labeled, Propanedioic Acid Dithallium Salt, Malonic Acid, 1,3 (14)C2 Labeled, Malonic Acid, Monocalcium Salt, Malonic Acid, Dipotassium Salt, Alpha,Omega Dicarboxylic Acid, Malonic Acid, 2 (14)C Labeled, Malonic Acid, Diammonium Salt, Malonic Acid, Dithallium Salt, Malonic Acid, Monosodium Salt, Malonic Acid, Potassium Salt, Malonic Acid, Disodium Salt, Malonate Dicarboxylic Acid, Malonic Acid, Sodium Salt, Metahnedicarboxylic Acid, Methanedicarboxylic Acid, Methanedicarbonic Acid, Dithallium Malonate, Monosodium Malonate, Carboxyacetic Acid, Propanediolic Acid, Propanedioic Acid,
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Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also known as Propanedioic acid or Dicarboxymethane.
The name is derived from the Greek word Malon which means apple.
Malonate is the ionized form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), along with its esters and salt.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) appears as a white crystal or crystalline powder.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) dissolves in alcohol, pyridine, and ether.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was first prepared in the year, 1858 by the French chemist Victor Dessaignes by the oxidation of malic acid.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is found in some fruits viz citrus fruits.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can be produced through the fermentation of glucose.
Industrially, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is produced by the hydrolysis of diethyl malonate or dimethyl malonate.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a forerunner to polyester specialities.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionised form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.


For example, diethyl malonate is Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s ethyl ester.
The name originates from Latin malum, meaning apple.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is the archetypal example of a competitive inhibitor: It acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has the chemical formula C3H4O4.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) appears as a white, odorless crystal or crystalline powder.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is soluble in Water, Ether, and Alcohol.


Upon heating to decomposition temperature, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) emits irritating fumes and acrid smoke.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a precursor for conversion to 1,3-propanediol, which is a compound used in polyesters and polymers with the huge market size.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), also known as malonate or H2MALO is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2, belonging to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.
These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.


The ionised form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s ethyl ester.
The name originates from Latin malum, meaning apple.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is the archetypal example of a competitive inhibitor: it acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.
Within humans, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) and acetic acid can be converted into acetoacetic acid, which is mediated by the enzyme fatty acid synthase.


Beta ketoacyl synthase domain.
In addition, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)d and coenzyme A can be biosynthesized from malonyl-CoA through its interaction with the enzyme fatty acid synthase. malonyl/acetyl transferase domain.


A Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
In humans, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis.
Outside of the human body, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as red beetroots, corns, scarlet beans, common beets, and cow milks.


This could make Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), also known as malonate or H2MALO, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.


These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.


Within yeast, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) and acetic acid can be converted into acetoacetic acid through the action of the enzyme fatty acid synthase.


Beta ketoacyl synthase domain.
In addition, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can be biosynthesized from malonyl-CoA through its interaction with the enzyme fatty acid synthase. malonyl/acetyl transferase domain.


In yeast, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is involved in the metabolic pathway called fatty acid biosynthesis pathway.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has a white crystal or crystalline powder structure.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is naturally occurring and can be found in many vegetables, fruits.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was first prepared by Victor Dessaignes by the oxidation reaction of malic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is the second smallest aliphatic dicarboxylic acid with oxalic acid being the smallest.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can be confused with maleic or malic acid as both contain two carboxyl groups, but it is different.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) differs from these two acids in terms of properties, structure, etc.
The name of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is derived from the Greek word Malon which means apple.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) on heating gives acetic acid.


French Chemist Victor Dessaignes was the first person to prepare this acid in 1858 by oxidation of malic acid.
Its name originated from the Greek word Malon which means Apple.
It is because Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is found in some fruits.


Greater concentrations of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) in citrus are found in fruits generated in organic farming compared to fruits generated in conventional farming.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a white crystalline substance that quickly dissolves in water and oxygenated solutions.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has a breakdown temperature of 135 °C.
Its ionized form, esters and salts are known as malonates, such as the diethyl malonate, which is Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)’s diethyl ester.
The molecular weight of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is 104.061 g/mol, and its density is 1.619g/cm3.


Its melting point is 135 to 137°C and Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) decomposes above the boiling point of 140°C.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionised form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.


For example, diethyl malonate is Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s ethyl ester.
The name of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) originates from Latin malum, meaning apple.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.


The ionized form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s diethyl ester.
The name originates from the Greek word μᾶλον (malon) meaning 'apple'.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has a role as a human metabolite.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a lipid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a conjugate acid of a malonate(1-).


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is soluble in cold water.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), also known as malonate or H2MALO, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.


These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.


Within yeast, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) and acetic acid can be converted into acetoacetic acid through the action of the enzyme fatty acid synthase.


Beta ketoacyl synthase domain.
In addition, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can be biosynthesized from malonyl-CoA through its interaction with the enzyme fatty acid synthase. malonyl/acetyl transferase domain.


In yeast, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is involved in the metabolic pathway called fatty acid biosynthesis pathway.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), also known as malonate or H2MALO, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.


These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.


Within humans, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) and acetic acid can be converted into acetoacetic acid; which is mediated by the enzyme fatty acid synthase.


Beta ketoacyl synthase domain.
In addition, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) and coenzyme A can be biosynthesized from malonyl-CoA through its interaction with the enzyme fatty acid synthase.


malonyl/acetyl transferase domain.
An Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
In humans, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis.


Outside of the human body, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as red beetroots, corns, scarlet beans, common beets, and cow milks.
This could make Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as eosinophilic esophagitis, combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria, and early preeclampsia; Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder malonyl-coa decarboxylase deficiency.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.
These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid that forms a solid at room temperature.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid used as a precursor to certain polyesters and is a component in alkyd resins.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid belonging to the family of carboxylic acids.
A dicarboxylic acid contains two carboxylic acid functional groups. Usually, a dicarboxylic acid exhibits the same chemical behavior as monocarboxylic acids.


This naturally occurs in certain fruits.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a useful organic compound with various benefits.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s IUPAC name is propanedioic acid.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) should not be confused with malic or maleic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C3H4O4.
Dicarboxylic acids are organic compounds containing two carboxylic acid functional groups.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), Reagent is a dicarboxylic acid which name originates from the Greek work, malon, meaning apple.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) contains calcium salt in high concentrations of beetroot.
Normally Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) appears as white crystals.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid also referred to as propanedioic acid.
On the Kofler bench, the powdery body melts around 136°C and evaporates gradually.
Some impurities coat crystals which makes the determination of the melting point of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) very imprecise.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionized form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a building block in organic synthesis.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also useful as a precursor for polyesters and alkyd resins, which is used in coating applications, thereby protecting against UV light, corrosion and oxidation.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a cross linker in the coating industry and surgical adhesive.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is soluble in cold water.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has three kinds of crystal forms, of which two are triclinic, and one is monoclinic.


That crystallized from ethanol is white triclinic crystals.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) decomposes to acetic acid and carbon dioxide at 140℃.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) does not decompose at 1.067×103~1.333×103Pa vacuum, but directly sublimates.


The ionised form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s ethyl ester.
The name originates from Latin malum, meaning apple.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has a role as a human metabolite.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a conjugate acid of a malonate(1-).


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is white crystals or crystalline powder.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) sublimes in vacuum.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is water soluble.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), also known as propanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C3H4O4.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a white crystalline solid with a sour taste and is soluble in water and ethanol.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionized form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.


Dicarboxylic acids generally show the same chemical behaviour and reactivity as monocarboxylic acids.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a substance found in some fruits that occurs naturally.
Fruits generated in organic farming contain greater concentrations of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) in citrus compared to fruits generated in conventional farming.


The IUPAC name of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is propanedioic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is the archetypal instance of a competitive inhibitor: it functions in the respiratory electron transport chain against succinate dehydrogenase.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is correlated with deficiency of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, an inborn metabolism mistake.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) sublimes in vacuum.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has a role as a human metabolite.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a conjugate acid of a malonate(1-).


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Meum athamanticum, and other organisms with data available.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionized form of malonic acid, as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.


For example, diethyl malonate is malonic acid's diethyl ester.
The name of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) originates from the Greek word μᾶλον (malon) meaning 'apple'.



USES and APPLICATIONS of METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a precursor to specialty polyesters.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can be converted into 1,3-propanediol for use in polyesters and polymers (whose usefulness is unclear though).


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can also be a component in alkyd resins, which are used in a number of coatings applications for protecting against damage caused by UV light, oxidation, and corrosion.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in pharmaceutical products.


One application of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is in the coatings industry as a crosslinker for low-temperature cure powder coatings, which are becoming increasingly valuable for heat sensitive substrates and a desire to speed up the coatings process.
The global coatings market for automobiles was estimated to be $18.59 billion in 2014 with projected combined annual growth rate of 5.1% through 2022.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in a number of manufacturing processes as a high value specialty chemical including the electronics industry, flavors and fragrances industry, specialty solvents, polymer crosslinking, and pharmaceutical industry.
In 2004, annual global production of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) and related diesters was over 20,000 metric tons.


Potential growth of these markets could result from advances in industrial biotechnology that seeks to displace petroleum-based chemicals in industrial applications.
In 2004, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was listed by the US Department of Energy as one of the top 30 chemicals to be produced from biomass.


In food and drug applications, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can be used to control acidity, either as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulation or natural preservative additive for foods.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a building block chemical to produce numerous valuable compounds, including the flavor and fragrance compounds gamma-nonalactone, cinnamic acid, and the pharmaceutical compound valproate.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has been used to cross-link corn and potato starches to produce a biodegradable thermoplastic; the process is performed in water using non-toxic catalysts.
Starch-based polymers comprised 38% of the global biodegradable polymers market in 2014 with food packaging, foam packaging, and compost bags as the largest end-use segments.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a precursor in polymers and polyester.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in flavours as well as in the fragrance industry.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used to control acidity.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a cross-linking agent between potato starch and cornstarch to enhance its mechanical properties.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used for the preparation of cinnamic acid, a compound used for the formation of cin metacin which is an anti-inflammatory.


The malonates are used in syntheses of B1 and B6, barbiturates, and several other valuable compounds.
Common Uses of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid): Plating agent, Surface treating agent, Intermediate, Buffer, ans Cross-linking agent.
Commercial/Industrial Applications of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) :Laboratory chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, and Paint industry.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in cosmetics as a buffering and as a flavouring agent in food.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a component of alkyd resins.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in coating applications to protect from UV rays, oxidation, and corrosion.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a building block to many valuable compounds in food and drug applications, pharmaceutical, electronics industry, fragrances, specialty polymer, specialty solvents, and many more.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a cross-linking agent between cornstarch and potato starch to enhance its mechanical properties.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a precursor in polymers and polyester and is used to produce vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, and amino acids.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in flavors as well as in the fragrance industry and electroplating.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also used in chemical synthesis as a building block and is used to control acidity.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in pharmaceutical products and the preparation of barbituric salt.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a building block in organic synthesis.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also useful as a precursor for polyesters and alkyd resins, which are used in coating applications, thereby protecting against UV light, corrosion and oxidation.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a cross linker in the coating industry and surgical adhesive.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) finds application in the production of specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, polymer cross linkers and pharmaceuticals.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a building block in organic synthesis.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also useful as a precursor for polyesters and alkyd resins, which are used in coating applications, thereby protecting against UV light, corrosion and oxidation.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a cross linker in the coating industry and surgical adhesive.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) finds application in the production of specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, polymer cross linkers and pharmaceuticals.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used to produce an enhanced starch-based resin, which is environmentally-benign, uses water-based processing without toxic catalysts.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the synthesis of barbituric acid and its derivatives.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was discovered and identified in 1858 from the oxidation products of apple juice.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is present as a white crystalline powder with no odor but with a high vapor pressure at room temperature.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is however easily soluble in water as well as in pyridine, ethanol, methanol and ether.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is not soluble in benzene.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of barbiturates and other pharmaceuticals.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) finds application in the production of specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, polymer cross linkers and pharmaceuticals.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is acts as a building block in organic synthesis.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also useful as a precursor for polyesters and alkyd resins, which are used in coating applications, thereby protecting against UV light, corrosion and oxidation.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a cross linker in the coating industry and surgical adhesive.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) finds application in the production of specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, polymer cross linkers and pharmaceuticals.
This dicarboxylic acid, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), finds application across various industries, including automobiles, food, fragrance, and pharmaceuticals.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a precursor in polyester and other polymers.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a flavoring agent in the fragrance industry.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is suitable for controlling acidity.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) finds usage in pharmaceutical products.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the manufacture of biodegradable containers.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also a component of surgical adhesives.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) serves as a cross-linking agent between cornstarch and potato starch to enhance its properties.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used for the preparation of barbituric salt.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in electroplating.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the production of vitamins– B1, B6, B2, and amino acids.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can also be used as a component in alkyd resins.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is widely used in several coating applications to protect objects against UV light damage, oxidation, and corrosion.


A common application of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is as a crosslinker for low-temperature powder coatings.
These are valuable for heat-sensitive substrates.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is on the US Department of Energy’s list of top chemicals for biomass production.


In food and drug applications, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a natural preservative additive for foods.
Its therapeutic uses include the prevention of resorption of bone tissue in broiler chicks by adding Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) to feed.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a common intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry and is frequently used in veterinary medicine.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also used as a flavouring agent in certain foods.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used to generate countless useful compounds as a construction block chemical.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the preparation of barbituric salt.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in electroplating.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used to produce vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, and amino acids.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in chemical synthesis as a building block.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a component used as a stabilizer in many high-end cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also used as building block in chemical synthesis, specifically to introduce the molecular group -CH2-COOH.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used for the introduction of an acetic acid moiety under mild conditions by Knoevenagel condensation and subsequent decarboxylation.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is acts as a building block in organic synthesis.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also useful as a precursor for polyesters and alkyd resins, which is used in coating applications, thereby protecting against UV light, corrosion and oxidation.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a cross linker in the coating industry and surgical adhesive.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) finds application in the production of specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, polymer cross linkers and pharmaceuticals.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is commonly used in organic synthesis, specifically in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fragrances.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also used as a pH adjuster in the food industry.


The chemical properties of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) make it a unique and versatile compound in organic chemistry.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) contains two carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) which make it a weak acid with a pKa of 2.8.
Additionally, the presence of two carbonyl groups (-C=O) make Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) a useful compound in organic synthesis.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is often used as a building block in the synthesis of various organic compounds due to its ability to undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also known for its ability to form stable complexes with metal ions.


This property is utilized in analytical chemistry for the determination of metal ions in various samples.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can form chelates with metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, and iron, which are then easily detected and quantified.


In conclusion, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications in various fields.
Its unique chemical properties make Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) a useful building block in organic synthesis and a valuable reagent in analytical chemistry.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used to produce an enhanced starch-based resin, which is environmentally-benign, uses water-based processing without toxic catalysts.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) may be used as a cross-linking agent between corn starch and potato starch to improve its mechanical properties.


-Biotechnological Applications of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid):
The calcium salt of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) occurs in high concentrations in beetroot.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) exists in its normal state as white crystals.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain.



STRUCTURE OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Malonic acid Synthesis – C3H4O4:
Preparation of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) starts with chloroacetic acid which is also known as MCA (monochloroacetic acid).
Step 1: Sodium carbonate produces sodium salt.
Step 2: It is made to react with sodium cyanide.
Step 3: cyanoacetic acid salt is generated through nucleophilic substitution.
Step 4: The nitrile group is hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium malonate.
Step 5: The acidification results in Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
*1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
*1,3-dicarbonyl compound
*Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



STRUCTURE AND PREPARATION OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography and extensive property data including for condensed phase thermochemistry are available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
A classical preparation of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) starts from chloroacetic acid:


*Preparation of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) from chloroacetic acid.
Sodium carbonate generates the sodium salt, which is then reacted with sodium cyanide to provide the sodium salt of cyanoacetic acid via a nucleophilic substitution.

The nitrile group can be hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to sodium malonate, and acidification affords Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).
Industrially, however, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is produced by hydrolysis of dimethyl malonate or diethyl malonate.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has also been produced through fermentation of glucose.


*Organic reactions:
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) reacts as a typical carboxylic acid: forming amide, ester, anhydride, and chloride derivatives.
Malonic anhydride can be used as an intermediate to mono-ester or amide derivatives, while malonyl chloride is most useful to obtain diesters or diamides.

In a well-known reaction, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) condenses with urea to form barbituric acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) may also be condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid, a versatile intermediate in further transformations.
The esters of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) are also used as a −CH2COOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis.


*Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis:
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is the starting substrate of mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFASII), in which it is converted to malonyl-CoA by malonyl-CoA synthetase (ACSF3).

Additionally, the coenzyme A derivative of malonate, malonyl-CoA, is an important precursor in cytosolic fatty acid biosynthesis along with acetyl CoA.
Malonyl CoA is formed there from acetyl CoA by the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and the malonate is transferred to an acyl carrier protein to be added to a fatty acid chain.


*Briggs–Rauscher reaction:
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a key component in the Briggs–Rauscher reaction, the classic example of an oscillating chemical reaction.


*Knoevenagel condensation:
In Knoevenagel condensation, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) or its diesters are reacted with the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone, followed by a dehydration reaction.

When Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) itself is used, it is normally because the desired product is one in which a second step has occurred, with loss of carbon dioxide, in the so-called Doebner modification.

Thus, for example, the reaction product of acrolein and Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) in pyridine is trans-2,4-Pentadienoic acid with one carboxylic acid group and not two.


*Preparation of carbon suboxide:
Carbon suboxide is prepared by warming a dry mixture of phosphorus pentoxide (P4O10) and Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).
It reacts in a similar way to malonic anhydride, forming malonates.



FORMULA OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C3H4O4 and structural formula CH2(COOH)2.
Propanedioic acid is the IUPAC name of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), and another name for the acid is Methane Dicarboxylic acid.

Malonates are Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s esters and salts.
There are three carbons with four hydrogen molecules and four oxygen molecules attached.
The two OH groups are attached with two carbons



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a white crystalline solid that decomposes at approximately 135°C.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has high solubility in water and oxygenated solvents and exhibits greater acidity than acetic acid, which has a pK value of 4.75.

The pKa values for the loss of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s first and second protons are 2.83 and 5.69, respectively.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is slightly soluble in pyridine.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can decompose to formic acid and carbon dioxide in case of potassium permanganate.

Since Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) generates carbon dioxide and water after heated without pollution problems, it can be directly used as aluminum surface treatment agent.



PREPARATION OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is usually produced from chloroacetic acid.



REACTIONS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The chloroacetic acid is added to the reaction kettle by adding sodium carbonate aqueous solution to generate sodium chloroacetate aqueous solution, and then 30% sodium cyanide solution is slowly added dropwise, and the reaction is carried out at a predetermined temperature to generate sodium cyanoacetate.
After the cyanation reaction is completed, add sodium hydroxide for heating and hydrolysis to generate sodium malonate solution, concentrate, then dropwise add sulfuric acid for acidification to generate Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), filter and dry to obtain the product.



PREPARATION OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
This method often does not produce a pure enough product or the pure product has an extremely low yield.
Industrially, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also produced by hydrolyzing dimethyl malonate or diethyl malonate.
This manufacturing method is able to bring about a higher yield and purity, but the organic synthesis of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) through these processes is extremely costly and environmentally hazardous.



REACTIONS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
In a well - known reaction, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) condenses with urea to form barbituric acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also frequently used as an enolate in Knoevenagel condensations or condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid.
The esters of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) are also used as a - CH2COOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis.



BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), in the respiratory electron transport chain.

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) binds to the active site of the enzyme without reacting, competing with the usual substrate succinate but lacking the CH2CH2 group required for dehydrogenation.
This observation was used to deduce the structure of the active site in succinate dehydrogenase.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a carboxylic acid.
Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them.
They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic.

Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat.
Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt.
Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water.

Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions.
The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0.
Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt.

Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.
Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry.
Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.

Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents.
These reactions generate heat.
A wide variety of products is possible.

Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is incompatible with strong oxidizers.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also incompatible with bases and reducing agents.



PURIFICATION METHODS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Crystallise Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) from *benzene/diethyl ether (1:1) containing 5% of pet ether (b 60-80o), wash with diethyl ether, then recrystallise it from H2O or acetone.
Dry Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) under vacuum over conc H2SO4.



SYNTHESIS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The synthesis of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) starts with chloroacetic acid, also known as Monochloroacetic acid.
The following steps occur during the reaction:
Step 1:- Sodium salt is produced when sodium carbonate breaks down.
Step 2:- Then, the reaction of sodium salt with sodium cyanide is made to occur.
Step 3:- Through nucleophilic substitution, cyanoacetic acid salt is generated.
Step 4:- To produce sodium malonate, the nitrile group is hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide.
Step 5:- Then the acidification yields Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).



REACTION OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
As with other carboxylic acids, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) reacts by producing derivatives of chloride, ester, anhydride, and amide.
Malonyl chloride is best for producing diamides or diesters, although malonic anhydride can be employed as an intermediary to produce mono-ester or amide derivatives.

Barbituric acid is created when Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) and urea condense in a well-known process.
Additionally, acetone and propanedioic acid can be combined to generate Meldrum’s acid, a flexible intermediate used in other conversions.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) esters are also utilised in the malonic ester production as a CH2COOH synthon.

Furthermore, the coenzyme Malonyl-CoA, a malonate derivative, is the main precursor in fatty acid biosynthesis, along with acetyl CoA.
By the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, malonyl CoA is generated from acetyl CoA, and the malonate is transported to an acyl carrier protein to be added to a fatty acid chain.

Following are the chemical reactions that involve the Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid):
*Briggs–Rauscher Reaction
*Knoevenagel condensation
*Preparation of carbon suboxide



IUPAC NAME OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structural formula CH2(COOH)2 and chemical formula C3H4O4.
The name Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) originated from the word ‘Malon’ which is Greek for ‘apple’.
The IUPAC name of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is Propanedioic acid.

Methane Dicarboxylic acid is another name for Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).
The ester and salts of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) are called malonates.
The dicarboxylic acid has organic reactions similar to the monocarboxylic acid where amide, ester, anhydride, and chloride derivatives are formed.
Lastly, the malonic ester malonate as a coenzyme A derivative malonyl CoA that is as important a precursor as Acetyl CoA in the biosynthesis of fatty acids.



SYNTHESIS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The synthesis of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) usually begins with chloroacetic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also synthesized by cyanoacetic acid or by acid saponification reaction of malonates.
From monochloroacetic acid, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is produced by sodium or potassium cyanide.

The sodium carbonate primarily breaks down to give sodium salt which reacts with sodium cyanide to give sodium salt of cyanoacetic acid by the process of nucleophilic substitution.
Further, via hydrolyzation, the nitrile group binds with sodium malonate, whose acidification results in the production of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).



STRUCTURAL FORMULA OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The structural formula of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can be given as:
The Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) Lewis structure has been found by the X-ray crystallography method.
The Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) structure CH2(COOH)2 has two carboxylic acids.
The salts and esters of malonic acid (malonates) have structures similar to Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).



PROPERTIES OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) molecular weight: 104.061 g.mol-1
The density of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is 1.619 g/cm3.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) appears as a crystalline powder that is white or colourless.

At the boiling point above 140oC Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) decomposes.
The melting point of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is 135-137o C.
If heated to decomposition under fire Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) emits carbon oxide fumes and acrid irritating smoke.

Acidity pKa = 2.85 at 25oC.
pKa1 = 2.83, pKa2 = 5.69
The molar heat of combustion of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is 864 kJ/mol.

The heat of vaporization of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is 92 kJ/mol.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is soluble in water.
Solubility of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is 763 g/L.



POLARITY AND SOLUBILITY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid belonging to the family of carboxylic acids.
A dicarboxylic acid contains two carboxylic acid functional groups.
Usually, a dicarboxylic acid exhibits the same chemical behavior as monocarboxylic acids.

This naturally occurs in certain fruits.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a useful organic compound with various benefits.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s IUPAC name is propanedioic acid.

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) should not be confused with malic or maleic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an organic compound naturally found in some fruits.
Fruits produced in organic farming have greater concentrations of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) than those generated from conventional farming practices.

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is often found in some citrus fruits and vegetables.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a component of food items, it is present in animals, including humans.



POLARITY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Carboxyl group is polar as there is a large difference in the electronegativity values of oxygen and hydrogen.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has two carboxyl groups and only three carbon atoms, which has little effect on polarity, so the malonic acid molecule is polar.



SOLUBILITY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Sample of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was tested with water, methyl alcohol, and hexane.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was soluble in water because both malonic acid and water are polar.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) took 25 seconds for malonic acid to dissolve in water.

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was soluble in methyl alcohol because malonic acid is polar and methyl alcohol is intermediately polar, allowing malonic acid to dissolve in the methanol in 15 seconds.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was insoluble in hexane because hexane is nonpolar while malonic acid is polar.



HISTORY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a naturally occurring substance found in many fruits and vegetables.
There is a suggestion that citrus fruits produced in organic farming contain higher levels of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) than fruits produced in conventional agriculture.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was first prepared in 1858 by the French chemist Victor Dessaignes via the oxidation of malic acid.



PATHOLOGY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
If elevated Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) levels are accompanied by elevated methylmalonic acid levels, this may indicate the metabolic disease combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria (CMAMMA).
By calculating the Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) to methylmalonic acid ratio in blood plasma, CMAMMA can be distinguished from classic methylmalonic acidemia.



BIOCHEMISTRY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), in the respiratory electron transport chain.

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) binds to the active site of the enzyme without reacting, competing with the usual substrate succinate but lacking the −CH2CH2− group required for dehydrogenation.

This observation was used to deduce the structure of the active site in succinate dehydrogenase.
Inhibition of this enzyme decreases cellular respiration.
Since Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a natural component of many foods, it is present in mammals including humans.



RELATED CHEMICALS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The fluorinated version of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is difluoromalonic acid
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is diprotic; that is, it can donate two protons per molecule.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s first is 2.8 and the second is 5.7.

Thus the malonate ion can be HOOCCH2COO− or CH2(COO)2−2.
Malonate or propanedioate compounds include salts and esters of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), such as Diethyl malonate, Dimethyl malonate, Disodium malonate, and Malonyl-CoA.



CALCULATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The formula of malonic acid is C3H4O4.
The atomic weight of carbon is 12.011.
The atomic weight of oxygen is 15.999.
The atomic weight of hydrogen is 1.00784.

So, its molar mass can be calculated as follows:
= (3 × 12.011) + (4 × 1.00784) + (4 × 15.999)
= 36.033 + 4. 03136 + 63.996
= 104.06 grams/ mol
Thus, the molar mass or molecular weight of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is 104.061 g/mol.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The chemical properties of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) are as follows:

*On Heating:
When It is heated, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) gives acetic acid and carbon dioxide.


*Reaction with Phosphorus Pentoxide:
On heating a dry mixture of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) and phosphorus pentoxide, carbon suboxide is prepared.


*Decomposition:
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has hazardous decomposition products under fire conditions, including carbon oxides.
Also, when heated, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) decomposes and emits acrid smoke in addition to irritating fumes.


*Organic Reactions:
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) reactions are usually similar to a typical carboxylic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) forms amide, anhydrides, esters, and chloride derivatives on reacting with specific reactants.

Malonic anhydride serves as an intermediate in the formation of amide derivatives.
Malonyl chloride is widely used for obtaining diamides or diesters.
Some of the popular organic reactions involving Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) are as follows:

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) condenses with urea to give barbituric acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) also condenses with acetone to produce Meldrum’s acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a versatile intermediate and helps in further transformations.

Malonate’s coenzyme A derivative— malonyl-CoA, acts as an important precursor in fatty acid biosynthesis.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is formed from acetyl CoA when it is acted upon by acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
The malonate gets transferred to an acyl carrier protein for its addition to the fatty acid chain.


*Briggs–Rauscher Reaction:
A popular name reaction has Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) as its key component.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an example of an oscillating chemical reaction.


*Knoevenagel Condensation:
The reaction is a modification of the aldol condensation reaction (the reaction between benzaldehyde and acetophenone).
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) involves the interaction of malonic acid or its diesters with the carbonyl group of a ketone or an aldehyde.
This process is followed by a dehydration reaction.



BIOCHEMISTRY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The calcium salt of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) occurs in high concentrations in beetroot.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) exists in its normal state as white crystals.



ORGANIC SYNTHESIS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
A classical preparation of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) starts from acetic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is chlorinated to chloroacetic acid.
Sodium carbonate generates the sodium salt which is then reacted with sodium cyanide to the cyano acetic acid salt in a nucleophilic substitution.
The nitrile group can be hydrolysed with sodium hydroxide to sodium malonate and acidification affords Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).



ORGANIC REACTIOS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
In a well known reaction Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) condenses with urea to barbituric acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is frequently used as an enolate in Knoevenagel condensations or condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s esters are also used for the -CH2COOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis.



OCCURRENCE OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an organic compound naturally found in some fruits.
Fruits produced in organic farming have greater concentrations of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) than those generated from conventional farming practices.

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is often found in some citrus fruits and vegetables.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a component of food items, it is present in animals, including humans.
The name of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is derived from the Greek word Malon.

It means apple.
The ionized form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is malonate, along with its salts and esters.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) occurs as a white crystal or crystalline powder in nature.



DID YOU KNOW:
Several food substances contain Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), including:
● Red beetroots
● Corns
● Common beets
● Scarlet beans
● Cow’s milk
Its occurrence in food items makes Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) a potential biomarker indicating the consumption of these foods.



HISTORY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
In 1858, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was prepared for the first time by a French chemist –Victor Dessaignes.
He oxidized malic acid with potassium dichromate, which is a strong oxidizing agent.
Later Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was found to occur in some fruits viz citrus fruits.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can also be produced by fermenting glucose.



SIGNIFICANCE OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an example of a competitive inhibitor.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) functions in the ETS chain against succinate dehydrogenase in respiration.

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is related to a deficiency of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase that leads to an inborn metabolism mistake.
It serves as a potential biomarker for tracking foods that contain Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) finds usage in various industries.



FORMULA OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) formula is C3H4O4.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also called propanedioic acid or dicarboxymethane, and the formula is written as CH₂(COOH)₂.

So, the names of C3H4O4 are as follows:
*Malonic acid
*Propanedioic acid
*Carboxy Acetic acid
*Dicarboxymethane
*Methane dicarboxylic acid
*Dicarboxylate
*Dicarboxylic acid
*1,3-Propanedioic acid
*Methane dicarbonic acid
*Propane-1,3-dioic acid



STRUCTURE OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The structure of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is as follows:
*Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is diprotic.
*Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can donate two protons per molecule.



CHEMICALS CLOSELY RELATED TO METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
● Difluoro Malonic acid:
It is the fluorinated version of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).

● Malonate includes esters and salts of malonic acids, such as:
*Disodium malonate
*Diethyl malonate
*Malonyl-CoA
*Dimethyl malonate



PREPARATION OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can be prepared with chloroacetic acid (also called mono chloroacetic acid).
Sodium carbonate gives sodium salt.
The salt reacts with sodium cyanide.

Nucleophilic substitution reaction gives rise to cyanoacetic acid salt.
The nitrile group is hydrolyzed with NaOH to produce sodium malonate.
The acidification of sodium malonate gives Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).

*Industrial Preparation:
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can also be produced by hydrolyzing diethyl malonate or dimethyl malonate.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Physical Appearance: A solid
Storage: Store at -20°C
M.Wt: 104.06
Cas No.: 141-82-2
Formula: C3H4O4
Solubility: ≥10.4 mg/mL in DMSO; ≥104 mg/mL in H2O; ≥119.8 mg/mL in EtOH
Chemical Name: malonic acid
Canonical SMILES: O=C(O)CC(O)=O
Shipping Condition: Small Molecules with Blue Ice, Modified Nucleotides with Dry Ice.
CAS Number: 141-82-2
Molecular Weight: 104.06
Beilstein: 1751370
MDL number: MFCD00002707
Molecular Weight: 104.06 g/mol
XLogP3: -0.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 2

Exact Mass: 104.01095860 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 104.01095860 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 83.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: odorless

Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: >= 135 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 215 °C at 18,66 hPa (decomposition)
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 157 °C - c.c.
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: > 140 °C
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility 766 g/l at 20 °C

Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -0,81 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,002 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1,6 g/cm3
Relative density: 1,03 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
CAS Number: 141-82-2
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7) check
Key: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7)
Key: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYAJ

SMILES: O=C(O)CC(O)=O
C(C(=O)O)C(=O)O
Chemical formula: C3H4O4
Molar mass: 104.061 g·mol−1
Density: 1.619 g/cm3
Melting point: 135 to 137 °C (275 to 279 °F; 408 to 410 K) (decomposes)
Boiling point: decomposes
Solubility in water: 763 g/L
Acidity (pKa): pKa1 = 2.83
pKa2 = 5.69
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -46.3·10−6 cm3/mol
Chemical Formula: C3H4O4
Average Molecular Weight: 104.0615
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 104.010958616
IUPAC Name: propanedioic acid
Traditional Name: malonic acid

CAS Registry Number: 141-82-2
SMILES: OC(=O)CC(O)=O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7)
InChI Key: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight： 104.06100
Exact Mass： 104.06
EC Number： 205-503-0
UNII： 9KX7ZMG0MK
ICSC Number： 1085
NSC Number： 8124
DSSTox ID： DTXSID7021659
Color/Form： White crystals|Crystalline powder
Colorless hygroscopic solid which sublimes in vacuum
HScode： 2917190090
PSA： 74.60000
XLogP3： -0.8
Appearance： Malonic acid appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Sublimes in vacuum.

Density： 1.6 g/cm3
Melting Point： 135 °C (decomp)
Boiling Point: 215 °C @ Press: 14 Torr
Flash Point： 201.9ºC
Refractive Index： 1.479
Water Solubility： H2O: 1400 g/L (20 ºC)
Storage Conditions： Store at RT.
Vapor Pressure： 4.66E-07mmHg at 25°C
PKA： 2.85(at 25 °C)
Dissociation Constants： 2.85 (at 25 °C)|pKa1 = 2.8, pKa2 = 5.7 at 25 °C
Experimental Properties：
Enthalpy of Sublimation: 72.7 kJ/mol at 306 deg K, 108.0 kJ/mol at 348 deg K

Henry's Law constant = 4.8X10-13 atm-cu m/mole at 23 °C
(estimated from vapor pressure and water solubility)
Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.6X10-12 cu-cm/molc sec at 25 °C (est)
Air and Water Reactions： Water soluble.
Reactive Group： Acids, Carboxylic
Heat of Combustion： Molar heat of combustion: 864 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization： 92 kJ/mol
Critical Temperature & Pressure：
Critical temperature: 805 K (estimated);
critical pressure: 5640 kPa (estimated)
CAS: 141-82-2
Molecular Formula: C3H4O4
Molecular weight: 104.06
EINECS: 205-503-0

Purity: ≥99%
Appearance: White crystal powder
Melting point: 132-135 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point: 140ºC(decomposition)
Density: 1.619 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Refractive index: 1.478
Flash Point: 157°C
Storage condition: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Solubility : 1 M NaOH: soluble100mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless to faintly yellow
Pka: 2.83(at 25ºC)
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
HS Code: 29171910

PH: 3.17(1 mM solution);2.5(10 mM solution);
1.94(100 mM solution)
MDL: MFCD00002707
Water Solubility: 1400 g/L (20 ºC)
Vapor Presure: 0-0.2Pa at 25ºC
Physical and Chemical Properties:
Character: white crystal.
soluble in water, soluble in ethanol and ether, pyridine.
Color: White
Formula Weight: 104.1
Percent Purity: 0.99
Physical Form: Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Malonic acid
Melting point: 132-135 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point: 140℃（decomposition）

Density: 1.619 g/cm3 at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 0-0.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4780
Flash point: 157°C
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: 1 M NaOH: soluble100mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless to faintly yellow
form: Liquid
pka: 2.83(at 25℃)
color: White
PH: 3.17(1 mM solution);2.5(10 mM solution);1.94(100 mM solution)
Water Solubility: 1400 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,5710
BRN: 1751370
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
InChIKey: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP: -0.81
CAS DataBase Reference: 141-82-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 9KX7ZMG0MK
NIST Chemistry Reference: Malonic acid(141-82-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Propanedioic acid (141-82-2)
Molecular Weight: 104.06 g/mol
XLogP3: -0.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 104.01095860 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 104.01095860 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 83.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical formula: C3H4O4
Molar mass: 104.061 g·mol−1
Density: 1.619 g/cm3
Melting point: 135 to 137 °C (275 to 279 °F; 408 to 410 K) (decomposes)
Boiling point: decomposes
Solubility in water: 763 g/L
Acidity (pKa): pKa1 = 2.83
pKa2 = 5.69
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -46.3·10−6 cm3/mol
Solubility: Dissolves in alcohol, pyridine, and ether.
Molecular Wt/ Molar Mass: 104.06 g/mol

Density: 1.619 g/cm³
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Melting Point: 135 to 137°C
Nature: Acidic
Color: White
Stability: Usually stable under recommended conditions
Molar heat of combustion: 864 kJ/mol
The heat of vaporization: 92 kJ/mol
It does not have a chiral center.
So, it doesn’t exhibit optical isomerism.
It is a hygroscopic solid that sublimes in a vacuum.
Chemical Formula: C3H4O4
Average Molecular Weight: 104.0615
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 104.010958616
IUPAC Name: propanedioic acid
Traditional Name: malonic acid

CAS Registry Number: 141-82-2
SMILES: OC(=O)CC(O)=O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7)
InChI Key: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS number: 141-82-2
Weight Average: 104.0615
Monoisotopic: 104.010958616
InChI Key: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7)
IUPAC Name: propanedioic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name: malonic acid
Chemical Formula: C3H4O4
SMILES: OC(=O)CC(O)=O
Water Solubility: 197 g/L
logP: -0.6
logP: -0.33
logS: 0.28
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 2.43
Physiological Charge: -2

Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 4
Hydrogen Donor Count: 2
Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Refractivity: 18.99 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 8.13 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: Yes
Melting point: 132-135 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point: 140℃（decomposition）
Density: 1.619 g/cm3 at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 0-0.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4780
Flash point: 157°C
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature

solubility: 1 M NaOH: soluble100mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless to faintly yellow
form: Liquid
pka: 2.83(at 25℃)
color: White
PH: 3.17(1 mM solution);2.5(10 mM solution);1.94(100 mM solution)
Water Solubility: 1400 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,5710
BRN: 1751370
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
InChIKey: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.81
CAS DataBase Reference 141-82-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 9KX7ZMG0MK
NIST Chemistry Reference: Malonic acid(141-82-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Propanedioic acid (141-82-2)

Physical Appearance: A solid
Storage: Store at -20°C
M.Wt: 104.06
Cas No.: 141-82-2
Formula: C3H4O4
Solubility: ≥10.4 mg/mL in DMSO; ≥104 mg/mL in H2O; ≥119.8 mg/mL in EtOH
Chemical Name: malonic acid
Canonical SMILES: O=C(O)CC(O)=O
Shipping Condition: Small Molecules with Blue Ice, Modified Nucleotides with Dry Ice.
CAS Number: 141-82-2
Molecular Weight: 104.06
Beilstein: 1751370
MDL number: MFCD00002707
Molecular Weight: 104.06 g/mol
XLogP3: -0.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 2



FIRST AID MEASURES of METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

DESCRIPTION:
Malonic acid (IUPAC systematic name: propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionized form of Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates. For example, diethyl malonate is malonic acid's diethyl ester.
The name originates from the Greek word μᾶλον (malon) meaning 'apple'.


CAS Number: 141-82-2
European Community (EC) Number: 205-503-0
IUPAC Name: propanedioic acid
Molecular Formula: C3H4O4


Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), also known as propanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) have three kinds of crystal forms, of which two are triclinic, and one is monoclinic.
That crystallized from ethanol is white triclinic crystals.
It decomposes to acetic acid and carbon dioxide at 140℃.


Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) does not decompose at 1.067×103~1.333×103Pa vacuum, but directly sublimates.
The ionised form of malonic acid, as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is malonic acid's ethyl ester.
The name originates from Latin malum, meaning apple.


Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid belonging to the family of carboxylic acids.
A dicarboxylic acid contains two carboxylic acid functional groups.
Usually, a dicarboxylic acid exhibits the same chemical behavior as monocarboxylic acids.

Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) naturally occurs in certain fruits.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a useful organic compound with various benefits.
Its IUPAC name is propanedioic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) should not be confused with malic or maleic acid.



OCCURRENCE OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an organic compound naturally found in some fruits.
Fruits produced in organic farming have greater concentrations of malonic acid than those generated from conventional farming practices.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is often found in some citrus fruits and vegetables.

Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a component of food items, it is present in animals, including humans.
The name of this acid is derived from the Greek word Malon.

It means apple.
The ionized form of malonic acid is malonate, along with its salts and esters.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) occurs as a white crystal or crystalline powder in nature.



HISTORY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a naturally occurring substance found in many fruits and vegetables.
There is a suggestion that citrus fruits produced in organic farming contain higher levels of malonic acid than fruits produced in conventional agriculture.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) was first prepared in 1858 by the French chemist Victor Dessaignes via the oxidation of malic acid.


In 1858, Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) was prepared for the first time by a French chemist –Victor Dessaignes.
He oxidized malic acid with potassium dichromate, which is a strong oxidizing agent.
Later Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) was found to occur in some fruits viz citrus fruits.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can also be produced by fermenting glucose.


SIGNIFICANCE OF MALONIC ACID:
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an example of a competitive inhibitor.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) functions in the ETS chain against succinate dehydrogenase in respiration.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is related to a deficiency of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase that leads to an inborn metabolism mistake.

Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) serves as a potential biomarker for tracking foods that contain malonic acids.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) finds usage in various industries.


METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID) FORMULA:
The Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) formula is C3H4O4.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also called propanedioic acid or dicarboxymethane, and the formula is written as CH₂(COOH)₂.

So, the names of C3H4O4 are as follows:
• Malonic acid
• Propanedioic acid
• Carboxy Acetic acid
• Dicarboxymethane
• Methane dicarboxylic acid
• Dicarboxylate
• Dicarboxylic acid
• 1,3-Propanedioic acid
• Methane dicarbonic acid
• Propane-1,3-dioic acid

Chemicals Closely Related to Malonic Acid:
● Difluoro Malonic acid: It is the fluorinated version of malonic acid.
● Malonate includes esters and salts of malonic acids, such as:
• Disodium malonate
• Diethyl malonate
• Malonyl-CoA
• Dimethyl malonate


STRUCTURE AND PREPARATION OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography and extensive property data including for condensed phase thermochemistry are available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

A classical preparation of malonic acid starts from chloroacetic acid:
Sodium carbonate generates the sodium salt, which is then reacted with sodium cyanide to provide the sodium salt of cyanoacetic acid via a nucleophilic substitution.
The nitrile group can be hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to sodium malonate, and acidification affords malonic acid.

Industrially, however, malonic acid is produced by hydrolysis of dimethyl malonate or diethyl malonate.
It has also been produced through fermentation of glucose.

It can be prepared with chloroacetic acid (also called mono chloroacetic acid).
Sodium carbonate gives sodium salt.
The salt reacts with sodium cyanide.


Nucleophilic substitution reaction gives rise to cyanoacetic acid salt.
The nitrile group is hydrolyzed with NaOH to produce sodium malonate.
The acidification of sodium malonate gives malonic acid.





ORGANIC REACTIONS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Malonic acid reacts as a typical carboxylic acid: forming amide, ester, anhydride, and chloride derivatives.
Malonic anhydride can be used as an intermediate to mono-ester or amide derivatives, while malonyl chloride is most useful to obtain diesters or diamides.
In a well-known reaction, malonic acid condenses with urea to form barbituric acid.

Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) may also be condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid, a versatile intermediate in further transformations.
The esters of malonic acid are also used as a −CH2COOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis.


MITOCHONDRIAL FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS:
Malonic acid is the starting substrate of mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFASII), in which it is converted to malonyl-CoA by malonyl-CoA synthetase (ACSF3).
Additionally, the coenzyme A derivative of malonate, malonyl-CoA, is an important precursor in cytosolic fatty acid biosynthesis along with acetyl CoA.

Malonyl CoA is formed there from acetyl CoA by the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and the malonate is transferred to an acyl carrier protein to be added to a fatty acid chain.


Briggs–Rauscher reaction:
Malonic acid is a key component in the Briggs–Rauscher reaction, the classic example of an oscillating chemical reaction.


Knoevenagel condensation:
In Knoevenagel condensation, malonic acid or its diesters are reacted with the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone, followed by a dehydration reaction.
Z=COOH (malonic acid) or Z=COOR' (malonate ester)

When malonic acid itself is used, it is normally because the desired product is one in which a second step has occurred, with loss of carbon dioxide, in the so-called Doebner modification.
The Doebner modification of the Knoevenagel condensation.
Thus, for example, the reaction product of acrolein and malonic acid in pyridine is trans-2,4-Pentadienoic acid with one carboxylic acid group and not two.

Preparation of carbon suboxide:
Carbon suboxide is prepared by warming a dry mixture of phosphorus pentoxide (P4O10) and malonic acid.
It reacts in a similar way to malonic anhydride, forming malonates.


APPLICATIONS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a precursor to specialty polyesters.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can be converted into 1,3-propanediol for use in polyesters and polymers (whose usefulness is unclear though).
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can also be a component in alkyd resins, which are used in a number of coatings applications for protecting against damage caused by UV light, oxidation, and corrosion.


One application of Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is in the coatings industry as a crosslinker for low-temperature cure powder coatings, which are becoming increasingly valuable for heat sensitive substrates and a desire to speed up the coatings process.
The global coatings market for automobiles was estimated to be $18.59 billion in 2014 with projected combined annual growth rate of 5.1% through 2022.


Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in a number of manufacturing processes as a high value specialty chemical including the electronics industry, flavors and fragrances industry, specialty solvents, polymer crosslinking, and pharmaceutical industry.
In 2004, annual global production of malonic acid and related diesters was over 20,000 metric tons.
Potential growth of these markets could result from advances in industrial biotechnology that seeks to displace petroleum-based chemicals in industrial applications.


In 2004, Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) was listed by the US Department of Energy as one of the top 30 chemicals to be produced from biomass.
In food and drug applications, malonic acid can be used to control acidity, either as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulation or natural preservative additive for foods.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a building block chemical to produce numerous valuable compounds, including the flavor and fragrance compounds gamma-nonalactone, cinnamic acid, and the pharmaceutical compound valproate.

Malonic acid (up to 37.5% w/w) has been used to cross-link corn and potato starches to produce a biodegradable thermoplastic; the process is performed in water using non-toxic catalysts.
Starch-based polymers comprised 38% of the global biodegradable polymers market in 2014 with food packaging, foam packaging, and compost bags as the largest end-use segments.
Eastman Kodak company and others use malonic acid and derivatives as a surgical adhesive.



Pathology:
If elevated malonic acid levels are accompanied by elevated methylmalonic acid levels, this may indicate the metabolic disease combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria (CMAMMA).
By calculating the malonic acid to methylmalonic acid ratio in blood plasma, CMAMMA can be distinguished from classic methylmalonic acidemia.


Biochemistry:
Malonic acid is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), in the respiratory electron transport chain.
It binds to the active site of the enzyme without reacting, competing with the usual substrate succinate but lacking the −CH2CH2− group required for dehydrogenation.
This observation was used to deduce the structure of the active site in succinate dehydrogenase. Inhibition of this enzyme decreases cellular respiration.

Since malonic acid is a natural component of many foods, it is present in mammals including humans.


Related Chemicals:
The fluorinated version of malonic acide is difluoromalonic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is diprotic; that is, it can donate two protons per molecule.
Malonate or propanedioate compounds include salts and esters of malonic acid, such as:
• Diethyl malonate
• Dimethyl malonate
• Disodium malonate
• Malonyl-CoA


USES OF MALONIC ACID:
This dicarboxylic acid finds application across various industries, including automobiles, food, fragrance, and pharmaceuticals.
The important uses of malonic acid are as follows:
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a precursor in polyester and other polymers.


Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a flavoring agent in the fragrance industry.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is suitable for controlling acidity.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) finds usage in pharmaceutical products.


Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the manufacture of biodegradable containers.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also a component of surgical adhesives.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) serves as a cross-linking agent between cornstarch and potato starch to enhance its properties.


Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the production of vitamins– B1, B6, B2, and amino acids.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can also be used as a component in alkyd resins.
This substance is widely used in several coating applications to protect objects against UV light damage, oxidation, and corrosion.


A common application of Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is as a crosslinker for low-temperature powder coatings.
These are valuable for heat-sensitive substrates.
It is on the US Department of Energy’s list of top chemicals for biomass production.

In food and drug applications, it acts as a natural preservative additive for foods.
Its therapeutic uses include the prevention of resorption of bone tissue in broiler chicks by adding malonic acid to feed.






Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) and its esters are mainly used in pharmaceutical intermediates, spices, adhesives, resin additives, electroplating polishing agents, thermal welding flux additives, and other aspects.


Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a complexing agent and also in the preparation of barbiturate salts.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an intermediate of the fungicide rice blast and the plant growth regulator indole ester.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce Ruminal, Barbital, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B6, Phenylbutazone, Amino Acids, etc


As a surface treatment agent for aluminum, malonic acid only generates water and carbon dioxide during thermal decomposition, so there is no pollution problem.
In this regard, compared with acid type treatment agents such as formic acid used in the past, it has great advantages.


Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) d is utilized as a precursor for the conversion of 1,3-propanediol, a widely used chemical in polyesters and polymers.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used to make cinnamic acid, which is a chemical that is utilised to make the anti-inflammatory cin metacin. Malonates are used to make B1 and B6, barbiturates, and a variety of other useful chemicals.
It's utilized as a buffering agent in cosmetics and as a flavoring ingredient in food items.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a component of alkyd resins, which are used to protect surfaces against UV radiation, oxidation, and corrosion.


Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of barbiturates and other pharmaceuticals.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a component used as a stabilizer in many high-end cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.

Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also used as building block in chemical synthesis, specifically to introduce the molecular group -CH2-COOH.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used for the introduction of an acetic acid moiety under mild conditions by Knoevenagel condensation and subsequent decarboxylation.

Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is acts as a building block in organic synthesis.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also useful as a precursor for polyesters and alkyd resins, which is used in coating applications, thereby protecting against UV light, corrosion and oxidation.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a cross linker in the coating industry and surgical adhesive.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) finds application in the production of specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, polymer cross linkers and pharmaceuticals.



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Chemical formula, C3H4O4
Molar mass, 104.061 g•mol−1
Density, 1.619 g/cm3
Melting point, 135 to 137 °C (275 to 279 °F; 408 to 410 K) (decomposes)
Boiling point, decomposes
Solubility in water, 763 g/L
Acidity (pKa), pKa1 = 2.83
pKa2 = 5.69[2]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ), -46.3•10−6 cm3/mol
Molecular Weight
104.06 g/mol
XLogP3
-0.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Rotatable Bond Count
2
Exact Mass
104.01095860 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
104.01095860 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
74.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count
7
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
83.1
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes

Solubility: Dissolves in alcohol, pyridine, and ether.
Molecular Wt/ Molar Mass: 104.06 g/mol
Density: 1.619 g/cm³
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Melting Point: 135 to 137°C
Nature: Acidic
Color: White
Stability: Usually stable under recommended conditions
Molar heat of combustion: 864 kJ/mol
The heat of vaporization: 92 kJ/mol
CAS, 141-82-2
Molecular Formula, C3H4O4
Molecular weight, 104.06
EINECS:, 205-503-0
Purity, ≥99%
Appearance, White crystal powder
Melting point , 132-135 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point , 140ºC(decomposition)
Density , 1.619 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Refractive index , 1.478
Flash Point, 157°C
Storage condition, Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Solubility , 1 M NaOH: soluble100mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless to faintly yellow
Pka, 2.83(at 25ºC)
Stability, Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
HS Code, 29171910
PH, 3.17(1 mM solution);2.5(10 mM solution);
1.94(100 mM solution)
MDL, MFCD00002707
Water Solubility, 1400 g/L (20 ºC)
Vapor Presure, 0-0.2Pa at 25ºC
Physical and Chemical Properties, Character: white crystal.soluble in water, soluble in ethanol and ether, pyridine.

Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) does not have a chiral center.
So, Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) doesn’t exhibit optical isomerism.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a hygroscopic solid that sublimes in a vacuum.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MALONIC ACID:
The chemical properties of malonic acid are as follows:

On Heating:
When Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is heated, it gives acetic acid and carbon dioxide.

Reaction with Phosphorus Pentoxide:
On heating a dry mixture of malonic acid and phosphorus pentoxide, carbon suboxide is prepared.

Decomposition:
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has hazardous decomposition products under fire conditions, including carbon oxides.
Also, when heated, Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) decomposes and emits acrid smoke in addition to irritating fumes.

Organic Reactions:
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) reactions are usually similar to a typical carboxylic acid.
It forms amide, anhydrides, esters, and chloride derivatives on reacting with specific reactants.

Malonic anhydride serves as an intermediate in the formation of amide derivatives.
Malonyl chloride is widely used for obtaining diamides or diesters.

Some of the popular organic reactions involving malonic acid are as follows:
It condenses with urea to give barbituric acid.
Malonic acid also condenses with acetone to produce Meldrum’s acid.
This acid is a versatile intermediate and helps in further transformations.

Malonate’s coenzyme A derivative— malonyl-CoA, acts as an important precursor in fatty acid biosynthesis.
It is formed from acetyl CoA when it is acted upon by acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
The malonate gets transferred to an acyl carrier protein for its addition to the fatty acid chain.

Briggs–Rauscher Reaction:
A popular name reaction has malonic acid as its key component. It is an example of an oscillating chemical reaction.

Knoevenagel Condensation:
The reaction is a modification of the aldol condensation reaction (the reaction between benzaldehyde and acetophenone).
It involves the interaction of malonic acid or its diesters with the carbonyl group of a ketone or an aldehyde.
This process is followed by a dehydration reaction.




QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
1. Is malonic acid strong?
Malonic acid is a dicarboxylic acid.
Its pKa1 is 2.83 and pKa2 is 5.69.
The higher the pKa value, the weaker the acid.
Therefore, Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a medium-strong acid.


2. What is the source of malonic acid?
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) occurs naturally in some vegetables and fruits.
Beetroot has high concentrations of the calcium salt of malonic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) also occurs in scarlet beans and corn.

3. What is malonic acid soluble in?
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is soluble in water.
In an aqueous solution, this polar molecule forms an H+ ion.
Methanedicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) also dissolves in methyl alcohol, pyridine and ether but is insoluble in hexane.



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product






SYNONYMS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):

dithallium malonate
malonate
malonic acid
malonic acid, 1,3-(14)C2-labeled
malonic acid, 2-(14)C-labeled
malonic acid, diammonium salt
malonic acid, dipotassium salt
malonic acid, disodium salt
malonic acid, disodium salt, 1-(14)C-labeled
malonic acid, dithallium salt
malonic acid, monocalcium salt
malonic acid, monosodium salt
malonic acid, potassium salt
malonic acid, sodium salt
monosodium malonate
propanedioate
thallium malonate
thallous malonate
malonic acid
propanedioic acid
141-82-2
Dicarboxymethane
Carboxyacetic acid
Methanedicarboxylic acid
malonate
Kyselina malonova
USAF EK-695
1,3-Propanedioic acid
Dicarboxylate
Malonicacid
Dicarboxylic acid
Kyselina malonova [Czech]
NSC 8124
UNII-9KX7ZMG0MK
9KX7ZMG0MK
AI3-15375
H2malo
EINECS 205-503-0
MFCD00002707
BRN 1751370
Methanedicarbonic acid
CHEBI:30794
Thallium malonate
HOOC-CH2-COOH
NSC-8124
Propane-1,3-dioic acid
alpha,omega-Dicarboxylic acid
DTXSID7021659
HSDB 8437
NSC8124
4-02-00-01874 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
1,3-Propanoic acid
PROPANEDIOLIC ACID
METAHNEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
C3H4O4
2fah
Malonic acid, 99%
Malonic acid (8CI)
1o4m
MLI
Malonate dicarboxylic acid
Malonic acid, 99.5%
Propanedioic acid (9CI)
SCHEMBL336
WLN: QV1VQ
MALONIC ACID [MI]
CH2(COOH)2
CHEMBL7942
MALONIC ACID [INCI]
DTXCID401659
SCHEMBL1471092
BDBM14673
Propanedioic acid dithallium salt
Malonic acid, analytical standard
AMY11201
BCP05571
STR00614
Tox21_200534
AC8295
LMFA01170041
s3029
STL194278
Malonic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
AKOS000119034
CS-W019962
DB02175
PROPANEDIOIC ACID MALONIC ACID
NCGC00248681-01
NCGC00258088-01
BP-11453
CAS-141-82-2
SY001875
Malonic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
FT-0628127
FT-0628128
FT-0690260
FT-0693474
M0028
EN300-18457
Malonic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
C00383
C02028
C04025
Q421972
J-521669
Z57965450
F1908-0177
Malonic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
592A9849-68C3-4635-AA3D-CBC44965EA3A
Malonic acid, sublimed grade, >=99.95% trace metals basis
DICARBOXYLIC ACID C3; PROPANEDIOLIC ACID; METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
InChI=1/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7
Malonic acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), 99%
LML

DESCRIPTION:
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) or methanesulphonic acid (in British English) is an organosulfuric, colorless liquid with the molecular formula CH2SO3H and structure H3C−S(=O)2−OH.
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is the simplest of the alkylsulfonic acids (R−S(=O)2−OH).
Salts and esters of methanesulfonic acid are known as mesylates (or methanesulfonates, as in ethyl methanesulfonate).



CAS Number, 75-75-2
EC Number, 200-898-6
Linear Formula: CH3SO3H
Molecular Weight: 96.11


Methanesulfonic acid (MSA), the simplest alkanesulfonic acid, is a hygroscopic colorless liquid or white solid, depending on whether the ambient temperature is greater or less than 20 ºC.
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is very soluble in water and oxygenated solvents, but sparingly soluble in most hydrocarbons.
In aqueous solution, it is a strong acid (completely ionized).


MSA’s acidity and solubility properties make it industrially valuable as a catalyst in organic reactions, particularly polymerization.
In many applications, its advantage over concentrated sulfuric acid is that it has similar acid strength but is not an oxidant.

The first report of MSA synthesis was in a 1950 patent awarded to John C. Snyder and Aristid V. Grosse of Houdry Process Corp. (subsequently acquired by Air Products).
They heated methane and sulfur trioxide to 200–325 ºC under pressure in the presence of a mercury catalyst.
BASF currently produces the acid via a two-step process in which methanol and elemental sulfur react to give dimethyl disulfide, which is then oxidized to the final product.




Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is a strong organic acid.
The chemical oxidation of dimetyl sulfide in the atmosphere leads to the formation of MSA in large quantities.
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) undergoes biodegradation by forming CO2 and sulphate.

Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is considered a green acid as it is less toxic and corrosive in comparison to mineral acids.
The aqueous Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) solution has been considered a model electrolyte for electrochemical processes.



Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is hygroscopic in its concentrated form.
Methanesulfonic acid can dissolve a wide range of metal salts, many of them in significantly higher concentrations than in hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4).


Methanesulfonic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is a conjugate acid of a methanesulfonate.



HISTORY AND MANUFACTURING OF METHANESULFONIC ACID (MSA):
The first commercial production of MSA, developed in the 1940s by Standard Oil of Indiana (USA), was based on oxidation of methylsulfide by O2 from air.
Although inexpensive, this process suffered from a poor product quality and explosion hazards.

In 1967, the Pennwalt Corporation (USA) developed a different process for methylsulfide (as an water-based emulsion) oxidation using chlorine, followed by extraction-purification.
In 2022 this chlorine-oxidation process was used only by Arkema (France) for making high-purity MSA.
This process is not popular on a large scale, because it co-produces large quantities of hydrochloric acid.


Between years 1970 and 2000 MSA was used only on a relatively small-scale in niche markets (for example, in the microelectronic and electroplating industries since the 1980s), which was mainly due to its rather high price and limited availability.
However, this situation changed around 2003, when BASF launched commercial production of MSA in Ludwigshafen based on a modified version of the aforementioned air oxidation process, using dimethyldisulfide instead of methylsulfide.
The former is produced in one step from methanol from syngas, hydrogen and sulfur.


An even better (lower-cost and environmentally friendlier) process of making methanesulfonic acid was developed in 2016 by Grillo-Werke AG (Germany).
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is based on a direct reaction between methane and oleum at around 50 °C and 100 bar in the presence of a potassium persulfate initiator.
This technology was acquired and commercialized by BASF in 2019.


APPLICATIONS OF METHANESULFONIC ACID (MSA):
Since ca. 2000 methanesulfonic acid has become a popular replacement for other acids in numerous industrial and laboratory applications, because;
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is a strong acid,
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) has a low vapor pressure (see boiling points in the "Properties" inset)
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is not an oxidant or explosive, like nitric, sulfuric or perchloric acids.


Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is a liquid at room temperature
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is soluble in many organic solvents
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) forms water-soluble salts with all inorganic cations and with most organic cations,

Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) does not form complexes with metal ions in water, its anion, mesylate, is non-toxic and suitable for pharmaceutical preparations.
The closely related p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) is solid.
Methanesulfonic acid can be used in the generation of borane (BH3) by reacting methanesulfonic acid with NaBH4 in an aprotic solvent such as THF or DMSO, the complex of BH3 and the solvent is formed.


Electroplating:
Solutions of methanesulfonic acid are used for the electroplating of tin and tin-lead solders.
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is displacing the use of fluoroboric acid, which releases corrosive and volatile hydrogen fluoride.
Methanesulfonic acid is also a primary ingredient in rust and scale removers.
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is used to clean off surface rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain which are usually susceptible to acid attack.


Methanesulfonic acid may be used:

As a catalyst to produce linear alkylbenzenes by the addition reaction between long-chain olefins and benzene.
To prepare polyaniline (PANI)/graphene composites with enhanced thermal and electrical properties.
As a catalyst for the transformation of glucose/xylose mixtures to levulinic acid and furfural.


Industrial Cleaning (Equipment & Hard Surface Cleaning):
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) is widely employed in industrial cleaning applications due to its effective and versatile properties.
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) acts as a strong acid cleaner, capable of removing various types of contaminants and residues from surfaces and equipment, maintaining the formed salts in solution throughout the cleaning process thanks to their high solubility.
MSA's reactivity and properties make it suitable, efficient, and more sustainable agent for removing mineral deposits, rust, scale, and organic substances.


Oilfield (Well stimulation):
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) is utilized in the oilfield industry for acidizing treatments, enhancing production by dissolving mineral deposits and improving reservoir permeability.
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) acts as a catalyst, aiding in the breakdown of complex hydrocarbons and increasing oil recovery efficiency.
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) offers benefits of reduced corrosion and biodegradability, minimizing equipment corrosion and extending lifespan on one side and reducing maintenance costs on the other.
Additionally, MSA's biodegradable properties contribute to environmentally friendly oilfield practices.


Chemical Industry (Esterification):
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) is a vital catalyst in the chemical industry, particularly for esterification processes.
Its strong acidic properties enable efficient and selective ester formation from carboxylic acids and alcohols.
MSA's versatility and compatibility with different substrates make Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) an essential component in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, fragrances, flavors, and specialty chemicals.

Higher selectivity is obtained with Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) than with other strong acids such as nitric or sulfuric acids thanks to its non-oxidizing property, preventing by product formation and product coloration.


Biodiesel (Esterification Catalyst):
Its application in biodiesel value chain involves key stages from esterification catalyst to lower free fatty acid content before transesterification to neutralization to improve quality of glycerol and ester.
MSA-LC in biodiesell production offers dual benefits of reducing corrosion and utilizing cost-effective feedstocks.
As a catalyst, MSA-LC minimizes stainless steel equipment corrosion while enabling efficient conversion processes.

Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) also allows for the use of cheaper feedstocks like agricultural residues, used cooking oil, wastes cooking oils, enhancing the economic viability of biodiesel production.
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) plays a vital role in making biofuels more sustainable and economically feasible.


Pharmaceuticals (API synthesis, drug formulation, etc.):
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) plays a significant role in various pharmaceutical applications, ranging from active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) synthesis to drug formulation.
As a catalyst, Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) facilitates key reactions in API synthesis, such as esterification, acylation, and sulfonation.
Its effectiveness in promoting these reactions allows for the efficient production of pharmaceutical intermediates and final APIs.

Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) is also utilized in drug formulation processes, where it aids in solubilizing and stabilizing active compounds.
Its compatibility with a wide range of solvents and its mild nature contribute to the development of safe and effective pharmaceutical formulations.








BENEFITS OF METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):

Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) is a versatile and valuable chemical compound that offers a range of benefits across various industries.
Its unique properties make it a preferred choice for numerous applications.


Strong Acidic Properties:
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) exhibits high acidity, allowing it to efficiently catalyze chemical reactions.
Its potent acidic properties make it a valuable catalyst in numerous industrial processes, promoting faster and more selective reactions.

Non-Volatile and Non-Oxidizing:
Unlike volatile acids, Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) is non-volatile, ensuring safer handling and reduced risks of harmful vapors.
Additionally, its non-oxidizing nature minimizes the risk of corrosion or degradation of materials, making it compatible with a wide range of substances.


Versatile Solvent:
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) possesses excellent solvency power, making it an effective solvent for both polar and non-polar compounds. It can dissolve various organic and inorganic substances, facilitating processes such as extraction, purification, and synthesis in industries such as pharmaceuticals, electroplating, and organic chemistry.

Stability and Long Shelf Life:
Methane sulfonic acid is known for its exceptional stability.
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) can be stored for extended periods without significant decomposition or loss of potency.
This stability ensures a longer shelf life compared to many other corrosive acids, allowing for better inventory management and reduced wastage.

Environmentally Friendly: In terms of environmental impact, MSA stands out positively.
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) is biodegradable, meaning it can be broken down by natural processes over time.

Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) provides environmental advantages through easy recyclability and the generation of "green" effluent.
Its recyclable nature allows for efficient reuse and waste reduction.
Furthermore, Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) is considered as a "green" effluent as it produces environmentally friendly effluent, minimizing harm to ecosystems


ADVANTAGES OF METHANESULFONIC ACID (MSA):

Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) has Strong, odor-free organic acid
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) is Non-oxidizing
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) is Virtually free of metal ions and sulfate


Our unique manufacturing process makes the product free of chlorine and colorless.
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) is Easy to handle in liquid form
Strong acid prevents the formation of oxidation products.

Reactions at higher temperatures possible
The excellent solubility of Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) in water enables easy phase separations.
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) Decomposes to form sulfate, carbon dioxide, water and biomass



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT METHANESULFONIC ACID (MSA):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product










CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANESULFONIC ACID (MSA):
Chemical formula, CH4O3S
Molar mass, 96.10 g•mol−1
Appearance, Clear, colourless liquid
Density, 1.48 g/cm3
Melting point, 17 to 19 °C (63 to 66 °F; 290 to 292 K)
Boiling point, 167 °C (333 °F; 440 K) at 10 mmHg, 122 °C/1 mmHg
Solubility in water, miscible
Solubility, Miscible with methanol, diethyl ether.
Immiscible with hexane
log P, −2.424
Acidity (pKa), −1.9
vapor density
3.3 (vs air)
Quality Level
200
vapor pressure
1 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Assay
≥99.0%
form
liquid
refractive index
n20/D 1.429 (lit.)
bp
167 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
mp
17-19 °C (lit.)
solubility
water: soluble 1,000 g/L at 20 °C
density
1.481 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Molecular Weight
96.11 g/mol
XLogP3-AA
-0.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
3
Rotatable Bond Count
0
Exact Mass
95.98811516 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
95.98811516 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
62.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count
5
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
92.6
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
CAS number, 75-75-2
EC index number, 607-145-00-4
EC number, 200-898-6
Hill Formula, CH₄O₃S
Chemical formula, CH₃SO₃H
Molar Mass, 96.11 g/mol
HS Code, 2904 10 00
Boiling point, 167 °C (13 hPa)
Density, 1.4812 g/cm3 (18 °C)
Flash point, 189 °C
Melting Point, 20 °C
pH value, Vapor pressure, 0.112 hPa (80 °C)
Solubility, 1000 g/l
Appearance of substance (visual), colourless to brownish
Assay (acidimetric), ≥ 99.0 %
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C), 1.478 - 1.48





SYNONYMS OF METHANESULFONIC ACID (MSA):
barium methanesulfonate
BMS-480188
methanesulfonate
methanesulfonic acid
methanesulfonic acid, ammonia salt
methanesulfonic acid, chromium (2+) salt
methanesulfonic acid, chromium (3+) salt
methanesulfonic acid, cobalt (2+) salt
methanesulfonic acid, copper (2+) salt
methanesulfonic acid, iron (2+) salt
methanesulfonic acid, iron (3+)salt
methanesulfonic acid, nickel (2+) salt
methanesulfonic acid, potassium salt
methanesulfonic acid, silver (1+) salt
methanesulfonic acid, sodium salt
methylsulfonate
potassium mesylate
potassium methanesulfonate
METHANESULFONIC ACID
75-75-2
Methylsulfonic acid
Methanesulphonic acid
Mesylic acid
Methanesulfonicacid
Sulfomethane
Kyselina methansulfonova
Methansulfonsaeure
NSC 3718
CCRIS 2783
HSDB 5004
EINECS 200-898-6
METHANE SULFONIC ACID
BRN 1446024
DTXSID4026422
MSA
UNII-12EH9M7279
CHEBI:27376
AI3-28532
NSC-3718
CH3SO3H
MFCD00007518
12EH9M7279
DTXCID806422
NSC3718
EC 200-898-6
4-04-00-00010 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
J1.465F
ammoniummethanesulfonate
METHANESULFONIC ACID (II)
METHANESULFONIC ACID [II]
Kyselina methansulfonova [Czech]
CH4O3S
metanesulfonic acid
methansulfonic acid
MsOH
methansulphonic acid
methylsulphonic acid
03S
methyl sulfonic acid
methyl-sulfonic acid
methane-sulfonic acid
MeSO3H
methane sulphonic acid
methanesulphonic-acid-
LACTIC ACID(DL)
CH3SO2OH
H3CSO3H
WLN: WSQ1
Methanesulfonic acid solution
Methanesulfonic acid, 99.5%
Methanesulfonic acid, anhydrous
CHEMBL3039600
DL-MALICACIDMONOSODIUMSALT
Methanesulfonic Acid (CH3SO3H)
METHANESULFONIC ACID [MI]
Methanesulfonic acid, HPLC grade
Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%
METHANESULFONIC ACID [HSDB]
Tox21_201073
AKOS009146947
AT25153
CAS-75-75-2
NCGC00248914-01
NCGC00258626-01
BP-12823
FT-0628287
M0093
M2059
EN300-29198
Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%, ReagentPlus(R)
Methanesulfonic acid, for HPLC, >=99.5% (T)
A934985
Q414168
J-521696
Methanesulfonic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
F1908-0093
Z281776238
InChI=1/CH4O3S/c1-5(2,3)4/h1H3,(H,2,3,4

MSA, Sulphomethane; Acide methanesulfonique; Acide methanesulfonique, Kyselina methansulfonova; Methylsulphonic acid; ácido metanosulfónico; Methansulfonsäure CAS NO:75-75-2

Chloro Methyl Sulfone; Mesyl Chloride; Methanesulfonic acid chloride; Methylsulfonyl chloride; cas no: 124-63-0

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is an organosulfuric and colorless liquid
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA)'s molecular formula is CH3SO3H and structure is H3C−S(=O)2−OH.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is the simplest of the alkylsulfonic acids (R−S(=O)2−OH).


CAS NUMBER: 75-75-2

EC NUMBER: 200-898-6

MOLECULAR FORMULA: CH4O3S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 96.11 g/mol

IUPAC NAME: methanesulfonic acid



Salts and esters of Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) are known as mesylates (or methanesulfonates, as in ethyl methanesulfonate).
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is hygroscopic in its concentrated form.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) can dissolve a wide range of metal salts, many of them in significantly higher concentrations than in hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a conjugate acid of a methanesulfonate.


APPLICATIONS:
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) has become a popular replacement for other acids in numerous industrial and laboratory applications
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) can be used in the generation of borane (BH3) by reacting methanesulfonic acid with NaBH4 in an aprotic solvent such as THF or DMSO, the complex of BH3 and the solvent is formed.

*Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a strong acid
*Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) has a low vapor pressure

*Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is not an oxidant or explosive, like nitric, sulfuric or perchloric acids.
*Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a liquid at room temperature,

*Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is soluble in many organic solvents,
*Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) forms water-soluble salts with all inorganic cations and with most organic cations,

*Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) does not form complexes with metal ions in water
*Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA)'s anion and mesylate are non-toxic
*Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is suitable for pharmaceutical preparations.

Electroplating
Solutions of Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) are used for the electroplating of tin and tin-lead solders.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is displacing the use of fluoroboric acid, which releases corrosive and volatile hydrogen fluoride.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is also a primary ingredient in rust and scale removers.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is used to clean off surface rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain which are usually susceptible to acid attack.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is the simplest alkanesulfonic acid
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a hygroscopic colorless liquid or white solid, depending on whether the ambient temperature is greater or less than 20 ºC.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is very soluble in water and oxygenated solvents, but sparingly soluble in most hydrocarbons.
In aqueous solution, Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a strong acid

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA)'s acidity and solubility properties make it industrially valuable as a catalyst in organic reactions, particularly polymerization.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a strong organic acid used in numerous applications ranging from chemical and biofuel synthesis

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a biodegradable
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is strong acid used in many industrial applications.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is used in the food industry, agrochemicals, oil and gas, and paint, coatings and adhesives.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA)'s common applications include catalysis, plating processes, and rust and scale removal.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is compatible with biocides.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is not compatible with water-reactive materials, strong bases, strong reducing agents, amines, hydrogen fluoride, and ethyl vinyl ether.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a conjugate acid of a methanesulfonate.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is used as a catalyst in organic reactions namely esterification, alkylation and condensation reactions due to its non- volatile nature and solubility in organic solvents.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is also involved in the production of starch esters, wax oxidate esters, benzoic acid esters, phenolic esters, or alkyl esters.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) reacts with sodium borohydride in presence of polar solvent tetrahydrofuran to prepare borane-tetrahydrofuran complex.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) finds application in batteries, because of its purity and chloride absence.

In pharmaceutical industry, Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is used for the manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients like telmisartan and eprosartan.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is useful in ion chromatography and is a source of carbon and energy for some gram-negative methylotropic bacteria.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is involved in the deprotection of peptides.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a strong acid and is an important intermediate in the cycling process of sulfur in the environment.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is an oxidation product of Dimethyl sulfide, and is also used as a sole source of carbon and energy for some gram-negative methylotropic bacteria.


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 96.11 g/mol

-XLogP3-AA: -0.9

-Exact Mass: 95.98811516 g/mol

-Monoisotopic Mass: 95.98811516 g/mol

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 62.8Ų

-Physical Description: Light yellow liquid

-Color: Light Yellow

-Form: Liquid

-Boiling Point: 167 °C

-Melting Point: 20 °C

-Flash Point: 110 °C

-Solubility: Soluble in water

-Density: 1.4812 g/cu cm

-Vapor Pressure: 0.000428 mmHg

-Autoignition Temperature: > 500 °C

-Surface Tension: 5.0584X10-2 N/m

-Refractive Index: 1.4317


Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a strong organic acid.
The chemical oxidation of dimetyl sulfide in the atmosphere leads to the formation of Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) in large quantities.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) undergoes biodegradation by forming CO2 and sulphate.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is considered a green acid as it is less toxic and corrosive in comparison to mineral acids.

The aqueous Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) solution has been considered a model electrolyte for electrochemical processes.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a conjugate acid of a methanesulfonate.


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3

-Rotatable Bond Count: 0

-Heavy Atom Count: 5

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 92.6

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

-Chemical Classes: Other Classes -> Sulfonic Acids, Alkyl


Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is the simplest alkanesulfonic acid
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a colorless or slightly brown oily liquid, appearing as solid at low temperatures.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA)'s melting point is 20 °C
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA)'s boiling point is 167 °C

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA)'s relative density is 1.4812
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is soluble in water, alcohol and ether

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) insoluble in alkanes, benzene and toluene.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) will not subject to decomposition in boiling water and hot alkaline solution.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) also has strong corrosion effect against the metal iron, copper and lead.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a raw material for medicine and pesticide.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) can also be used as dehydrating agent, curing accelerator for coating, treating agent for fiber, solvent, catalysis, and esterification as well as polymerization reaction.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) can be used as solvent, alkylation, catalyst of esterification and polymerization
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is also used in medicine and electroplating industry.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) can also be applied to oxidation.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a colourless or light yellow liquid having a melting point of 20° C

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is used in the electroplating industry and for organic syntheses, in particular as a catalyst for alkylations, esterifications, and polymerizations.
Beyond that, Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is used as a starting material for the preparation of methanesulfonyl chloride.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a strong acid acting corroding but not oxidizing.


ADVANTAGES:

*Strong, odor-free organic acid
*Non-oxidizing
*Virtually free of metal ions and sulfate
*Our unique manufacturing process makes the product free of chlorine and colorless.
*Easy to handle in liquid form
*Strong acid prevents the formation of oxidation products.
*Reactions at higher temperatures possible
*The excellent solubility in water enables easy phase separations.
*Decomposes to form sulfate, carbon dioxide, water and biomass

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a strong acid
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a liquid at room temperature,

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is soluble in many organic solvents,
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is suitable for pharmaceutical preparations.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is also a primary ingredient in rust and scale removers.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is very soluble in water and oxygenated solvents, but sparingly soluble in most hydrocarbons.

Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is a biodegradable
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is used in the food industry, agrochemicals, oil and gas, and paint, coatings and adhesives.
Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.


SYNONYMS:

METHANESULFONIC ACID
75-75-2
Methylsulfonic acid
Methanesulphonic acid
Methanesulfonicacid
Mesylic acid
Kyselina methansulfonova
Sulfomethane
Methansulfonsaeure
NSC 3718
METHANE SULFONIC ACID
CH3SO3H
MFCD00007518
DTXSID4026422
CHEBI:27376
22515-76-0
MSA
NSC-3718
12EH9M7279
CCRIS 2783
HSDB 5004
EINECS 200-898-6
CH4O3S
BRN 1446024
AI3-28532
UNII-12EH9M7279
metanesulfonic acid
methansulfonic acid
MsOH
methansulphonic acid
methylsulphonic acid
03S
methyl sulfonic acid
methyl-sulfonic acid
methane-sulfonic acid
MeSO3H
methane sulphonic acid
methanesulphonic-acid-
LACTIC ACID(DL)
ammonium methanesulphonate
CH3SO2OH
H3CSO3H
WLN: WSQ1
EC 200-898-6
Methane Sulfonic Acid 99%
Methanesulfonic acid solution
Methanesulfonic acid, 99.5%
Methanesulfonic acid, anhydrous
DTXCID806422
CHEMBL3039600
DL-MALICACIDMONOSODIUMSALT
Methanesulfonic acid, HPLC grade
NSC3718
METHANESULFONIC ACID
Tox21_201073
STL264182
AKOS009146947
AT25153
J1.465F
CAS-75-75-2
NCGC00248914-01
NCGC00258626-01
BP-12823
DB-075013
FT-0628287
M0093
M2059
EN300-29198
Methanesulfonic acid
Mesic acid
methane sulfonic acid
Methanesulfonic acid concentrate
Methanesulphonic acid
Methylsulfonic acid
MFCD00007518
66178-40-3
Kyselina methansulfonova
Kyselina methansulfonova
MES
mesylic acid
Methanesulfonic Acid
Methanesulfonic acid
Methanesulfonic acidmissing
methansulfonic acid
Methansulfonsaeure
methyl sulfonic acid

METHANOIC ACID = FORMIC ACID = ANT ACID


CAS Number: 64-18-6
EC Number: 200-579-1
E number: E236 (preservatives)
Molecular Formula: CH2O2 or HCOOH


Methanoic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid, and has the chemical formula HCOOH and structure H−C(=O)−O−H.
Methanoic acid is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in some ants.
Esters, salts and the anion derived from Methanoic acid are called formats.
Industrially, Methanoic acid is produced from methanol.


In nature, Methanoic acid is found in most ants and in stingless bees of the genus Oxytrigona.
Wood ants from the genus Formica can spray Methanoic acid on their prey or to defend the nest.
The puss moth caterpillar (Cerura vinula) will spray Methanoic acid as well when threatened by predators.
Methanoic acid is also found in the trichomes of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica).


Apart from that, Methanoic acid is incorporated in many fruits such as pineapple (0.21mg per 100g), apple (2mg per 100g) and kiwi (1mg per 100g), as well as in many vegetables, namely onion (45mg per 100g), eggplant (1.34 mg per 100g) and, in extremely low concentrations, cucumber (0.11mg per 100g).
Methanoic acid is a naturally occurring component of the atmosphere primarily due to forest emissions.


Methanoic acid appears as a colorless liquid with a pungent odor.
Methanoic acid's Flash point is 156 °F.
Methanoic acid's Density is 10.2 lb / gal.
Methanoic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon.


Methanoic acid occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent.
Methanoic acid is a conjugate acid of formate.
Methanoic acid is a reagent comprised of the organic chemical it that cleaves proteins into peptides at the C- or N-terminal side of an aspartate residue.


Methanoic acid (HCO2H), also called methanoic acid, the simplest of the carboxylic acids, used in processing textiles and leather.
Methanoic acid was first isolated from certain ants and was named after the Latin formica, meaning “ant.”
Methanoic acid is made by the action of sulfuric acid upon sodium formate, which is produced from carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide.
Synthesis of Methanoic acid is from carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide.


Methanoic acid is also prepared in the form of its esters by treatment of carbon monoxide with an alcohol such as methanol (methyl alcohol) in the presence of a catalyst.
Methanoic acid is not a typical carboxylic acid; it is distinguished by its acid strength, its failure to form an anhydride, and its reactivity as a reducing agent—a property due to the ―CHO group, which imparts some of the character of an aldehyde.


The methyl and ethyl esters of Methanoic acid are commercially produced.
Concentrated sulfuric acid dehydrates Methanoic acid to carbon monoxide.
Pure Methanoic acid is a colourless, fuming liquid with a pungent odour.
Methanoic acid freezes at 8.4 °C (47.1 °F) and boils at 100.7 °C (213.3 °F).


Methanoic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid.
s discovery in the distillation products of ants is usually attributed to English scientist John Gray in 1671, although there is evidence that a Samuel Fisher made the discovery the year before.
The name “formic” comes from formica1, the Latin word for ant and the name of the genus to which many ants belong.


Although ants and other insects produce significant amounts of Methanoic acid, the large worldwide production of the chemical (870 kt in 2021) is made industrially.
Most of it is made from carbon monoxide, either by heating it with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium formate, which is then acidified, or via the base-catalyzed reaction of CO and methanol to make methyl formate, which is hydrolyzed to the acid.


Methanoic acid is also a major byproduct of acetic acid manufacture.
Methanoic acid has a wide range of uses: in leather tanning, as a decalcifier and cleaning product, as a chemical reducing agent, as a preservative in animal feeds, and for manufacturing its salts and esters.
Methanoic acid's synthetic method can also be reversed to liberate CO.


Foremost among insect-produced chemicals, Methanoic acid is produced by ants in the subfamily Formicinae (almost 300 species) and some bee species as a venom against predators and as a pheromone to warn fellow insects of danger.
Ants in the Formica genus emit Methanoic acid when they bite or spray, causing skin irritation or worse in humans.
Fire ants (Solenopsis spp.) cause even more damage because their venom contains toxic alkaloids.


Methanoic acid is systematically named as methanoic acid.
The common names for simple carboxylic acids come from the Latin or Greek names of their source.
Methanoic acid, although not widely used as a solvent, is of interest as an example of a protic solvent with high acidity.
Methanoic acid and its salts are corrosive and skin sensitizers.


Methanoic acid, better known as Methanoic acid [64-18-6], HCOOH, M r 46.03, is a colorless, corrosive liquid with a pungent odor.
Methanoic acid is completely miscible with water and many polar solvents but only partially miscible with hydrocarbons.
Methanoic acid derives its name from ants (lat. Formica) from which it was first obtained by dry distillation.
The worldwide production of Methanoic acid was about 621 000 t/a in 2012.


Methanoic acid is produced mainly by hydrolysis of methyl formate.
The other important method is acidolysis of formate salts.
Methanoic acid, mp 8.3°C, bp 100.8°C (at 101.3 kPa), is a colorless, clear, corrosive liquid with a pungent odor.
Methanoic acid is the strongest unsubstituted alkyl carboxylic acid (pK a 3.74).


Methanoic acid (CAS: 64-18-6; PubChem ID: 284) is a colorless organic acid with the formula HCOOH.
At ambient temperatures, Methanoic acid has a strong, penetrating odor, like acetic acid.
Methanoic acid is used in chemical synthesis as an intermediate, this simple carboxylic acid is miscible in water and most organic solvents and is somewhat hydrocarbon-soluble.


Methanoic acid (HCOOH) is naturally-occurring, organic, and the simplest carboxylic acid.
Methanoic acid occurs naturally in the venom of some ants and bees.
Formate, the conjugate base of Methanoic acid, also occurs naturally in bodily fluids following methanol poisoning.
Methanoic acid is a source of hydride ion in synthetic organic chemistry, as in the Eschweiler-Clarke and Leuckart-Wallach reactions.


Methanoic acid is also a useful component of the mobile phase in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) for peptides, proteins, and intact viruses.
Methanoic acid is a colourless caustic liquid with a pungent odour. The melting point of Methanoic acid is 8.6°C, and the boiling point is 100.6°C.


Methanoic acid is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most famously in the venom of bee and ant stings.
Methanoic acid is the isotope labelled analog of Methanoic acid (F692900).
Methanoic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid, and has the chemical formula HCOOH.
Methanoic acid is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in some ants.


Methanoic acid is commonly used in the Oil & Gas Industry, the leather and textile processing industries and is also added to cleaning products and perfumes as well as an effective preservative and antibacterial agent that prevents reduction of nutritional value.
Methanoic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid and forms a liquid with a pungent smell at room temperature.


Methanoic acid is the simplest and has the lowest mole weight of the carboxylic acids, in which a single hydrogen atom is attached to the carboxyl group (HCOOH).
Methanoic acid (systematically called methanoic acid) is the simplest carboxylic acid.


If a methyl group is attached to the carboxyl group, Methanoic acid is acetic acid.
Methanoic acid occurs naturally in the body of ants and in the stingers of bees.
Functionally, it is not only an acid but also an aldehyde; Methanoic acid reacts with alcohols to form esters as an acid and it is easily oxidized which imparts some of the character of an aldehyde.


Pure Methanoic acid is a colorless, toxic, corrosive and fuming liquid, freezing at 8.4 C and boiling at 100.7 C.
Methanoic acid is soluble in water, ether, and alcohol.
Methanoic acid is prepared commercially from sodium formate with the reaction of condensed sulfuric acid.


The structure of Methanoic acid involves a carbon atom having a single bond with hydrogen, a double bond with oxygen, and another single bond with oxygen which is in turn bonded with a hydrogen atom
Methanoic acid is miscible with water and most polar organic solvents and somewhat soluble in hydrocarbons.
In hydrocarbons and in the vapor phase, Methanoic acid consists of hydrogen-bonded dimers rather than individual molecules.


Due to its hydrogen bonding tendency, gaseous Methanoic acid does not obey the ideal gas law.
Solid Methanoic acid, which can be found in either of the two polymorphs, consists of an effectively endless network of hydrogen-bonded Methanoic acid molecules.
Methanoic acid forms a low boiling azeotrope with water (% 22.4).


Liquid Methanoic acid tends to overcook.
Methanoic acid (formic acid, HCOOH) is Colourless, pungent, liquid carboxylic acid.
Methanoic acid occurs naturally in a variety of sources, such as stinging ants, nettles, pine needles, and sweat.
The simplest of the carboxylic acids, Methanoic acid can be produced by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid on sodium methanoate.


The main use of Methanoic acid is as a preservative and antibacterial in livestock feed.
Methanoic acid stops certain rotting processes and allows the feed to retain its nutritional value for a longer period of time.
Methanoic acid is a colourless, fuming liquid that is miscible with water.


In the vapor phase, Methanoic acid consists of hydrogen bonded dimers (see picture, right) rather than individual molecules.
The structure of Methanoic acid is simple since it is the first carboxylic Acid of the series and it contains a single carbon atom, which gives it the name of methanoic acid.


In the gas phase, significant deviations from the ideal gas law arise as a result of this hydrogen bonding.
In its liquid and solid state, Methanoic acid can be thought of as an effectively infinite network of hydrogen bonded molecules.
Being the first in the carboxylic acid series, Methanoic acid shares most of the same chemical properties, and so it will react with alkalis to form water soluble formate salts.


But Methanoic acid is unique among the carboxylic acids in that it reacts with alkenes to form formate esters.
In the presence of sulfuric and hydrofluoric acids, a variant of the Gatterman-Koch reaction takes place instead, and Methanoic acid adds to the alkene to produce a larger carboxylic acid.
Methanoic acid is a colourless transparent fuming liquid with a strong pungent odor.


Methanoic acid is a strong acid.
Methanoic acid is miscible with water in any ratio and forms an azeotropic mixture above the boiling point of both.
Methanoic acid is miscible with many organic solvents, but insoluble in hydrocarbons.
Methanoic acid reactions with strong oxidants may occur.



USES and APPLICATIONS of METHANOIC ACID:
Methanoic acid is used Adhesives & Sealants, Agricultural Chemicals, Agriculture Intermediates, Animal Nutrition & Feed, Antifreeze & Coolant, Chemical Synthesis, Corrosion Inhibitors, Feed Additives, Flavor & Fragrance, Food & Beverage, Food Additives, Industrial Chemicals, Inks & Digital Inks, Pharmaceutical & Fine Chemicals, Plastic, Resin & Rubber, Textile Auxiliaries, Benzoates, Coatings, Esters, Plasters, Preservatives


Methanoic acid is used as a mixture with citric acid or HCl because alone it is unable to remove iron oxide deposits.
Methanoic acid is used in major industrial chemicals in the group of saturated monocarboxylic acids.
Methanoic acid is used as a reducing agent to reduce sodium and potassium dichromate.


Methanoic acid is used Agriculture & Animal Care, CASE - Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants & Elastomers, Chemical & Materials Manufacturing, Food & Beverage, Personal Care & Pharmaceutical, Surface Treatment - Fluids, Lubricants & Metalworking, Textiles
Methanoic acid is also significantly used in the production of leather, including tanning (23% of the global consumption in 2009), and in dyeing and finishing textiles (9% of the global consumption in 2009) because of its acidic nature.


Methanoic acid is used as a coagulant in the production of rubber and consumed 6% of global production in 2009.
Methanoic acid is also used in place of mineral acids for various cleaning products, such as limescale remover and toilet bowl cleaner. Some formate esters are artificial flavorings and perfumes.
Methanoic acid application has been reported to be an effective treatment for warts.


Methanoic acid and its salts are used primarily in the feed industry, grass silage, leather tanning, and anti-icing.
Other applications of Methanoic acid include textile dyeing and finishing, food additives, natural rubber, drilling fluids, and various chemical processes.
In diluted forms, Methanoic acid and formate esters are used as artificial flavorings and perfume additives.


Methanoic acid is used as a hydride ion source in synthetic organic chemistry, a mobile phase component in HPLC, a preservative/antibacterial agent in agriculture, etc.
In agriculture, Methanoic acid is used as a preservative and antibacterial agent and by beekeepers to kill mites.
Methanoic acid is useful in leather tanning, textile dyeing and finishing, and in rubber production.


Methanoic acid replaces mineral acids in limescale removers and other cleaning products.
Methanoic acid is commonly used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed.
Methanoic acid is used as a potential energy source in the preparation of fuel cells.
Methanoic acid is also used in the chemical synthesis of various anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial agents.


Methanoic acid has many applications as a preservative and antibacterial agent (especially in animal feed) but is also a major component in the textile and leather industry.
Within a laboratory setting, Methanoic acid is often used in reverse-phase HPLC and the synthesis of other chemicals.
Recently, Methanoic acid has been a topic of interest in the renewable energy sector with potential use in the manufacture of fuel cells.


Useful material in the dyeing and tanning industries, but other competing acids have, as a rule, been cheaper and the use of Methanoic acid has therefore been restricted to a few cases for which it has peculiar advantages.
Methanoic acid is used as a chemical intermediate and solvent, and as a disinfectant.


Methanoic acid is also in processing textiles and leathers, electroplating and coagulating latex rubber.
Methanoic acid is used for decalcifier; reducer in dyeing for wool fast colours; dehairing and plumping hides; tanning; electroplating; coagulating rubber latex; silage and grain preservation;aidditive in regenerating old rubber; solvents of perfume; lacquers; alkylating agent for alcohols; carboxylating agent for tertiary compounds.


Methanoic acid is used for decalcifier; reducer in dyeing for wool fast colours; dehairing and plumping hides; tanning; electroplating; coagulating rubber latex; silage and grain preservation;aidditive in regenerating old rubber; solvents of perfume; lacquers; alkylating agent for alcohols; carboxylating agent for tertiary compounds.
Methanoic acid is also used as an intermediate for the production of a wide variety of products in the chemicals and pharmaceutical industries.


Methanoic acid is used to produce insecticides and for dyeing, tanning, and electroplating.
The main use of Methanoic acid is for livestock feed in Europe, as a preservative and antibacterial agent.
Methanoic acid can be sprayed on fresh hay or other silage to stop or delay certain decay processes.
Methanoic acid therefore allows the feed to survive longer, and so Methanoic acid is widely used to preserve winter feed for cattle.


In the poultry industry, Methanoic acid is sometimes added to feed to kill salmonella bacteria.
Some beekeepers also use Methanoic acid as a fumigant to kill a mite which attacks the bees.
Methanoic acid is used in textile dyeing and finishing, leather tanning, nickel plating baths, electroplating, coagulating rubber latex, regenerating old rubber, and dehairing and plumping hides, and in some commercial paint strippers.


Methanoic acid is used to make metal salts, including nickel, cadmium, and potassium formats.
Methanoic acid is used as a solvent for perfumes, and in the manufacturing of lacquers, glass, vinyl resin plasticizers, and formate esters for flavor and fragrance.
Methanoic acid is used in the synthesis of the artificial sweetener, aspartame.


Therefore, Methanoic acid is widely used to protect the winter feed of cattle.
In the poultry industry, Methanoic acid is also added to the feed to kill some bacteria.
Thanks to its acidic structure, Methanoic acid is widely used in leather production and textile dyeing and polishing processes.
Methanoic acid is used as a coagulant in rubber production.


Methanoic acid is used in various cleaning products such as it descaler and toilet bowl cleaner.
Beekeepers use Methanoic acid as a tick killer against tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi) and Varroa destroyer mite and Varroa jacobsoni mite.
Methanoic acid application becomes an effective treatment for warts.
Methanoic acid can be used directly in its fuel cells and indirectly in hydrogen fuel cells.


Methanoic acid can be used as an intermediary to produce isobutanol using microbes from CO2.
Methanoic acid and its aqueous solution can dissolve many metals, metal oxides, hydroxides and salts, and the resulting formate can be dissolved in water, so it can be used as a chemical cleaning agent.


Methanoic acid can be used for cleaning equipment containing stainless steel materials.
Methanoic acid has good volatility and is easily removed after cleaning, so it can be used for cleaning projects sensitive to residues.
In the cleaning concentration, Methanoic acid is non-toxic and harmless to human body, and the corrosion of metal is not as strong as that of inorganic acid, so it is a safe cleaning agent.


-Agriculture:
A major use of Methanoic acid is as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed.
In Europe, Methanoic acid is applied on silage, including fresh hay, to promote the fermentation of lactic acid and to suppress the formation of butyric acid; it also allows fermentation to occur quickly, and at a lower temperature, reducing the loss of nutritional value.
Methanoic acid arrests certain decay processes and causes the feed to retain its nutritive value longer, and so it is widely used to preserve winter feed for cattle.
In the poultry industry, Methanoic acid is sometimes added to feed to kill E. coli bacteria.
Methanoic acid is used as a preservative for silage and (other) animal feed constituted 30% of the global consumption in 2009.
Beekeepers use Methanoic acid as a miticide against the tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi) and the Varroa destructor mite and Varroa jacobsoni mite.


-Methanoic acid is used in industry:
Manufacturers and researchers in the industrial sector keep coming up with new ideas for using Methanoic acid.
At present, Methanoic acid is used as:
*an intermediate for cleaning, tanning or acidifying preparations,
*a cleaner used to clear different types of industrial installations,
*an additive for greases,
*an ingredient of medicines for rheumatism or vasoconstricting medicines,
*an additive for animal feeds and fungicides,
*an ingredient of cosmetics for body care and regeneration.


-Energy:
Methanoic acid can be used in a fuel cell (it can be used directly in Methanoic acid fuel cells and indirectly in hydrogen fuel cells).
Electrolytic conversion of electrical energy to chemical fuel has been proposed as a large-scale source of formate by various groups.
The formate could be used as feed to modified E. coli bacteria for producing biomass.
Natural microbes do exist that can feed on Methanoic acid or formate.
Methanoic acid has been considered as a means of hydrogen storage.
The co-product of this decomposition, carbon dioxide, can be rehydrogenated back to Methanoic acid in a second step.
Methanoic acid contains 53 g/L hydrogen at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, which is three and a half times as much as compressed hydrogen gas can attain at 350 bar pressure (14.7 g/L).
Pure Methanoic acid is a liquid with a flash point of +69 °C, much higher than that of gasoline (−40 °C) or ethanol (+13 °C).
It is possible to use Methanoic acid as an intermediary to produce isobutanol from CO2 using microbes.


-Soldering:
Methanoic acid has a potential application in soldering.
Due to its capacity to reduce oxide layers, Methanoic acid gas can be blasted at an oxide surface in order to increase solder wettability.


-Chromatography:
Methanoic acid is used as a volatile pH modifier in HPLC and capillary electrophoresis.
Methanoic acid is often used as a component of mobile phase in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis and separation techniques for the separation of hydrophobic macromolecules, such as peptides, proteins and more complex structures including intact viruses.
Especially when paired with mass spectrometry detection, Methanoic acid offers several advantages over the more traditionally used phosphoric acid.


-In which sectors is Methanoic acid used?
*In farm animal feeds
*In leather and textile production sectors
*In the rubber industry
*In cleaning products
*in the beekeeping industry
*In the fuel industry
*In the production of isobutanol



WHAT IS METHANOIC ACID AND HOW IS METHANOIC ACID PRODUCED?
Methanoic acid (in Latin: Acidum formicum) is also called methanoic acid or hydrogen carboxylic acid.
Together with butyric and acetic acids, Methanoic acid belongs to the group of carboxylic acids, which are the simplest organic chemical compounds formed from hydrocarbons that are known to people.

It is possible to produce Methanoic acid by quite different methods.
First, Methanoic acid can be produced from methyl and formamide.
When methanol and carbon monoxide are combined in the presence of a strong base, the result is methyl formate, according to the chemical equation:
CH3OH + CO → HCO2CH3

In industry, this reaction is carried out in the liquid phase at high pressure.
Typical reaction conditions are 80 °C and 40 atm.
The most commonly used base is sodium methoxide.
Hydrolysis of methyl formate produces Methanoic acid:
HCO2CH3 + H2O → HCOOH + CH3OH
Effective hydrolysis of methyl formate requires a lot of water.

Some routes proceed indirectly, by first treating methyl formate with ammonia to give formamide, which is then hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid:
HCO2CH3 + NH3 → HC(O)NH2 + CH3OH
2 HC(O)NH2 + 2H2O + H2SO4 → 2HCO2H + (NH4)2SO4

A disadvantage of this method is the need to dispose of the ammonium sulfate by-product.
This problem has prompted some manufacturers to develop energy-efficient methods for separating Methanoic acid directly from the excess water used in hydrolysis.

Significant amounts of Methanoic acid are produced as a by-product in the production of other chemicals.
Methanoic acid can also be obtained by aqueous catalytic partial oxidation of wet biomass by the OxFA process.
A Keggin-type polyoxometalate (H5PV2Mo10O40) is used as the homogeneous catalyst to convert sugar, wood, waste paper or cyanobacteria into
Methanoic acid and CO2 as the only by-product. Methanoic acid yields of up to % 53 can be achieved.
In the laboratory, Methanoic acid can be obtained by heating oxalic acid in glycerol and extraction by steam distillation.
Methanoic acid can be obtained by electrochemical reduction of CO.
Because of the high amount of its in ants, Methanoic acid can be produced through biosynthesis.



HOW CAN WE PRODUCED METHANOIC ACID?
The chemical formula of Methanoic acid is HCOOH – it is a derivative of:
*a reaction of carbon monoxide and methanol,
*a reaction of carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide or:
*a result of the process of oxidation of hydrocarbons.
Methanoic acid is produced from chemical intermediates obtained under laboratory conditions.



WHAT ELSE DISTINGUISHES METHANOIC ACID?
Other characteristic physical properties of methanoic acid include solubility in water, benzene and ethyl alcohol and the corrosive effect.
The attention of manufacturers in multiple industries is particularly drawn to the specific chemical properties of Methanoic acid, such as: the capability to increase the corrosion rate of various materials, electric conduction or fungicidal and bactericidal properties.



PROPERTIES of METHANOIC ACID:
Methanoic acid odor at room temperature, comparable to the related acetic acid.
Methanoic acid is about ten times stronger than acetic acid.
Methanoic acid is miscible with water and most polar organic solvents, and is somewhat soluble in hydrocarbons.
In hydrocarbons and in the vapor phase, Methanoic acid consists of hydrogen-bonded dimers rather than individual molecules.
Owing to its tendency to hydrogen-bond, gaseous Methanoic acid does not obey the ideal gas law.
Solid Methanoic acid, which can exist in either of two polymorphs, consists of an effectively endless network of hydrogen-bonded Methanoic acid molecules.
Methanoic acid forms a high-boiling azeotrope with water (22.4%). Liquid Methanoic acid tends to supercool.



HCOOH CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of METHANOIC ACID:
Methanoic acid reduce mercuric chloride into mercurous chloride forming a white precipitate.
The chemical equation is given below.
HCOOH + 2HgCl2 → Hg2Cl2 + 2HCl + CO2

Methanoic acid reacts with phosphoric pentachloride and forms formyl chloride, phosphoryl chloride and hydrogen chloride.
HCOOH + PCl5 → HCOCl + POCl3 + HCl
Methanoic acid as the name suggests is acidic and is capable of turning blue litmus into red litmus.
Methanoic acid is a Hydrogen bond donor.

Methanoic acid contains carbon and carbon forms of covalent bonds in most cases.
In Methanoic acid as well, carbon forms all covalent bonds. Methanoic acid contains only covalent bonds.
Methanoic acid is capable of reducing mercuric chloride into mercurous chloride which results in a white precipitate.
The equation to the reaction is given below
HCOOH + 2HgCl2 → Hg2Cl2 + 2HCl + CO2

Methanoic acid also reacts with phosphoric pentachloride and results in forming of formyl chloride, phosphoryl chloride, and hydrogen chloride.
Given below is the reaction to the equation.
HCOOH + PCl5 → HCOCl + POCl3 + HCl



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METHANOIC ACID:
The IUPAC name of Methanoic acid is Methanoic acid, as we've seen earlier.
Methanoic acid is the first member of the homologous series of carboxylic acids.
So we've now seen the structure and IUPAC name of Methanoic acid.
Methanoic acid in appearance is like a thick transparent liquid and by its looks, it is impossible to identify it.
The melting point of Methanoic acid is not very high.
Methanoic acid melting point is merely 8.4°C.
The boiling point of Methanoic acid is a little over that of water.
The boiling point of Methanoic acid is 100.8°C.
Methanoic acid isn't a very dense liquid and has a low density of 1.22g/cm³.
Since Methanoic acid is the first member of the homologous series, the molecular weight of the acid isn't very high as well.
The molecular weight of Methanoic acid is 46.03 g/mol.
Methanoic acid has a characteristic pungent and irritating odour.
Methanoic acid is soluble and miscible in water.



CHEMICAL REACTIONS of METHANOIC ACID:
Decomposition
Methanoic acid readily decomposes by dehydration in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid to form carbon monoxide and water:
HCO2H → H2O + CO
Treatment of Methanoic acid with sulfuric acid is a convenient laboratory source of CO.
In the presence of platinum, Methanoic acid decomposes with a release of hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
HCO2H → H2 + CO2
Soluble ruthenium catalysts are also effective.
Carbon monoxide free hydrogen has been generated in a very wide pressure range (1–600 bar).



REACTANT of METHANOIC ACID:
Methanoic acid shares most of the chemical properties of other carboxylic acids.
Because of its high acidity, solutions in alcohols form esters spontaneously.
Methanoic acid shares some of the reducing properties of aldehydes, reducing solutions of metal oxides to their respective metal.
Methanoic acid is a source for a formyl group for example in the formylation of methylaniline to N-methylformanilide in toluene.
In synthetic organic chemistry, Methanoic acid is often used as a source of hydride ion, as in the Eschweiler-



CLARKE REACTION:
The Eschweiler–Clark reaction
Methanoic acid is used as a source of hydrogen in transfer hydrogenation, as in the Leuckart reaction to make amines, and (in aqueous solution or in its azeotrope with triethylamine) for hydrogenation of ketones.



Addition to alkenes
Methanoic acid is unique among the carboxylic acids in its ability to participate in addition reactions with alkenes.
Methanoic acids and alkenes readily react to form formate esters.
In the presence of certain acids, including sulfuric and hydrofluoric acids, however, a variant of the Koch reaction occurs instead, and Methanoic acid adds to the alkene to produce a larger carboxylic acid.



METHANOIC ACID ANHYDRIDE:
An unstable formic anhydride, H(C=O)−O−(C=O)H, can be obtained by dehydration of Methanoic acid with N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in ether at low temperature.



PRODUCTION of METHANOIC ACID:
In 2009, the worldwide capacity for producing Methanoic acid was 720 thousand tonnes (1.6 billion pounds) per year, roughly equally divided between Europe (350 thousand tonnes or 770 million pounds, mainly in Germany) and Asia (370 thousand tonnes or 820 million pounds, mainly in China) while production was below 1 thousand tonnes or 2.2 million pounds per year in all other continents.
Methanoic acid is commercially available in solutions of various concentrations between 85 and 99 w/w %.

As of 2009, the largest producers are BASF, Eastman Chemical Company, LC Industrial, and Feicheng Acid Chemicals, with the largest production facilities in Ludwigshafen (200 thousand tonnes or 440 million pounds per year, BASF, Germany), Oulu (105 thousand tonnes or 230 million pounds, Eastman, Finland), Nakhon Pathom (n/a, LC Industrial), and Feicheng (100 thousand tonnes or 220 million pounds, Feicheng, China).
2010 prices ranged from around €650/tonne (equivalent to around $800/tonne) in Western Europe to $1250/tonne in the United States.
Methanoic acid is produced as a by-product in the manufacture of acetic acid.

However, the industrial demand for Methanoic acid is higher than can be made from this route, so dedicated production routes have been developed.
One method combines methanol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium methoxide, to produce methyl formate, according to the chemical equation:
CH3OH + CO HCOOCH3
Hydrolysis of this produces Methanoic acid:
HCOOCH3 + H2O HCOOH + CH3OH

From methyl formate and formamide
When methanol and carbon monoxide are combined in the presence of a strong base, the result is methyl formate, according to the chemical equation:
CH3OH + CO → HCO2CH3
In industry, this reaction is performed in the liquid phase at elevated pressure.
Typical reaction conditions are 80 °C and 40 atm.
The most widely used base is sodium methoxide.

Hydrolysis of the methyl formate produces Methanoic acid:
HCO2CH3 + H2O → HCOOH + CH3OH
Efficient hydrolysis of methyl formate requires a large excess of water.
Some routes proceed indirectly by first treating the methyl formate with ammonia to give formamide, which is then hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid:
HCO2CH3 + NH3 → HC(O)NH2 + CH3OH
2 HC(O)NH2 + 2H2O + H2SO4 → 2HCO2H + (NH4)2SO4

A disadvantage of this approach is the need to dispose of the ammonium sulfate byproduct.
This problem has led some manufacturers to develop energy-efficient methods of separating Methanoic acid from the excess water used in direct hydrolysis.
In one of these processes, used by BASF, the Methanoic acid is removed from the water by liquid-liquid extraction with an organic base.



NICHE AND OBSOLETE CHEMICAL ROUTES:
By-product of acetic acid production
A significant amount of Methanoic acid is produced as a byproduct in the manufacture of other chemicals.
At one time, acetic acid was produced on a large scale by oxidation of alkanes, by a process that cogenerates significant Methanoic acid.
This oxidative route to acetic acid has declined in importance so that the aforementioned dedicated routes to Methanoic acid have become more important.



HYDROGENATION of CARBON DIOXIDE:
The catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanoic acid has long been studied.
This reaction can be conducted homogeneously.



OXIDATION of BIOMASS:
Methanoic acid can also be obtained by aqueous catalytic partial oxidation of wet biomass by the OxFA process.
A Keggin-type polyoxometalate (H5PV2Mo10O40) is used as the homogeneous catalyst to convert sugars, wood, waste paper, or cyanobacteria to Methanoic acid and CO2 as the sole byproduct.
Yields of up to 53% Methanoic acid can be achieved.



LABORATORY METHODS:
In the laboratory, Methanoic acid can be obtained by heating oxalic acid in glycerol and extraction by steam distillation.
Glycerol acts as a catalyst, as the reaction proceeds through a glyceryl oxalate intermediate.
If the reaction mixture is heated to higher temperatures, allyl alcohol results.
The net reaction is thus:
C2O4H2 → HCO2H + CO2
Another illustrative method involves the reaction between lead formate and hydrogen sulfide, driven by the formation of lead sulfide.
Pb(HCOO)2 + H2S → 2HCOOH + PbS



ELECTROCHEMICAL PRODUCTION:
It has been reported that formate can be formed by the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (in the form of bicarbonate) at a lead cathode at pH 8.6:
HCO−3 + H2O + 2e− → HCO−2 + 2OH−
or
CO2 + H2O + 2e− → HCO−2 + OH−
If the feed is CO2 and oxygen is evolved at the anode, the total reaction is:
CO2 + OH− → HCO−2 + 1/2 O2



METHODS of MANUFACTURING METHANOIC ACID:
By reacting methyl formate with formamide:
Upon the reaction of methanol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a strong base, methyl formate is formed.
The chemical reaction to the above-mentioned method is given below
CH3OH + CO → HCO2CH3

The method is also used in industries, the reaction is performed under special conditions.
Typical conditions for the feasible progress of the reaction are
80 °C temperature
40 atm pressure
liquid phase

The most commonly used base in this process is sodium methoxide.
Hydrolysis of the obtained methyl formate gives our desired compound as the main product.
Along with this we also get certain byproducts.
The reaction of the hydrolysis goes as follows
HCO2CH3 + NH3 → HC(O)NH2 + CH3OH
2 HC(O)NH2 + 2H2O + H2SO4 → 2HCO2H + (NH4)2SO4
However, the above-mentioned procedure has a disadvantage.
We need to dispose of the ammonium sulfate which is a by-product of the reaction.



ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
In August 2020, researchers at Cambridge University announced a stand-alone advanced 'photo sheet' technology that converts sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and Methanoic acid with no other inputs.



BIOSYNTHESIS:
Methanoic acid is named after ants which have high concentrations of the compound in their venom.
In ants, Methanoic acid is derived from serine through a 5,10-methyltetrahydrofolate intermediate.
The conjugate base of Methanoic acid, formate, also occurs widely in nature.
An assay for Methanoic acid in body fluids, designed for the determination of formate after methanol poisoning, is based on the reaction of formate with bacterial formate dehydrogenase.



IS METHANOIC ACID A STRONG ACID?
A strong acid is Methanoic acid which dissociates entirely in aqueous solution.
A weak acid is Methanoic acid which dissociates partially in aqueous solution.
Methanoic acid (methanoic acid, HCOOH) is a weak acid, which occurs naturally in the stings of bees and ants.
Methanoic acid was once prepared by the distillation of ants.



IS of METHANOIC ACID HARMFUL TO HUMANS?
Methanoic acid is an unpleasant chemical that is found in certain ant species ‘ sprayed venom and in the secretion produced from some stinging nettles.
Methanoic acid is very effective at low concentrations.
Since it is an antibacterial material, humans use Methanoic acid as a food preservative.



WHAT IS THE SOURCE of METHANOIC ACID:
The simplest carboxylic acid, with one carbon in Methanoic acid.
Methanoic acid exists naturally in various ways like the bee and ant stings venom, and is a valuable organic synthetic reagent.
In livestock feed, Methanoic acid is mainly used as a preservative and antibacterial agent.



WHICH IS MORE ACIDIC METHANOIC ACID OR ACETIC ACID?
Methanoic acid does not have such a contributing group of electrons, so is stronger than acetic acid.
For this reason, Methanoic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid.
This methyl group is an electron donation group that can destabilize the conjugate base’s negative charge which is why acetic acid is less acidic than Methanoic acid.



HOW DO YOU NEUTRALIZE METHANOIC ACID?
Baking soda (NaHCO3) is also used for the neutralization of acids, including Methanoic acid.
You would want to neutralize it with a thick paste of sodium bicarbonate water (NaHCO3) if you were to spill some Methanoic acid solution on your skin or on the concrete.



PREPARATION METHOD of METHANOIC ACID:
The desulfurized and compressed carbon monoxide is passed into a reactor containing 20% ~ 30% sodium hydroxide solution and reacted at 160~200 ℃ and 1.4 ~ 1.6MPa to form sodium formate, then 76% Methanoic acid-water azeotrope was obtained by treatment with dilute sulfuric acid, which can be further concentrated and refined.



HISTORY of METHANOIC ACID:
Some alchemists and naturalists were aware that ant hills give off an acidic vapour as early as the 15th century.
The first person to describe the isolation of this substance (by the distillation of large numbers of ants) was the English naturalist John Ray, in 1671.
Ants secrete Methanoic acid for attack and defense purposes.

Methanoic acid was first synthesized from hydrocyanic acid by the French chemist Joseph Gay-Lussac.
In 1855, another French chemist, Marcellin Berthelot, developed a synthesis from carbon monoxide similar to the process used today.
Methanoic acid was long considered a chemical compound of only minor interest in the chemical industry.
In the late 1960s, however, significant quantities became available as a byproduct of acetic acid production.
Methanoic acid now finds increasing use as a preservative and antibacterial in livestock feed.

For over 600 years naturalists knew that ant hills gave off an acidic vapor.
In 1671, the English naturalist John Ray describe the isolation of the active ingredient.
To do this he collected and distilled a large numbers of dead ants, and the acid he discovered later became known as Methanoic acid from the Latin word for ant, formica.

Its proper IUPAC name is now methanoic acid.
The first synthesis of Methanoic acid was by the French chemist Joseph Gay-Lussac, who used hydrocyanic acid as a starting material.
In 1855, another French chemist, Marcellin Berthelot, developed a synthesis from carbon monoxide that is similar to the one used today.
Methanoic acid is also present in a natural state in stinging nettles, and is reponsible for the burning feeling on contact with them.

Methanoic acid is also found in the stings and bites of many insects, including bees and ants, which use it as a chemical defence mechanism.
When the ant contracts its poison gland, the Methanoic acid stored in this gland passes in the sting and is propelled out in jets (up to a distance of one metre in some species!) toward the attackers of the ant.
Since Methanoic acid has a pH of ~2-3, the attackers usually flee, or are killed.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of METHANOIC ACID:
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of METHANOIC ACID:
Flash point: 69 °C (156 °F; 342 K)
Autoignition temperature: 601 °C (1,114 °F; 874 K)
Explosive limits: 14–34% 18–57% (90% solution)
Chemical formula: CH2O2
Molar mass: 46.025 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless fuming liquid
Odor: Pungent, penetrating
Density: 1.220 g/mL
Melting point: 8.4 °C (47.1 °F; 281.5 K)
Boiling point: 100.8 °C (213.4 °F; 373.9 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible
Solubility: Miscible with ether, acetone, ethyl acetate, glycerol, methanol, ethanol
Partially soluble in benzene, toluene, xylenes

log P: −0.54
Vapor pressure: 35 mmHg (20 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 3.745
Conjugate base: Formate
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −19.90×10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.3714 (20 °C)
Viscosity: 1.57 cP at 268 °C
Structure Molecular shape: Planar
Dipole moment: 1.41 D (gas)
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 131.8 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −425.0 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −2
Molecular Weight: 46.025

XLogP3-AA: -0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 46.005479302
Monoisotopic Mass: 46.005479302
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 3
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 10.3
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: stinging
Melting point: 8,5 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 100,80 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper explosion limit: 38 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 18 %(V)
Flash point: 49,5 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 528 °C

Decomposition temperature: 350 °C -
pH: 2,2 at 10 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: 1,47 mm2/s at 20 °C - OECD Test
Guideline 1141,02 mm2/s at 40 °C
Viscosity, dynamic: 1,8 mPa.s at 20 °C
1141,22 mPa.s at 40 °C
Water solubility at 20 °C: miscible in all proportions, (experimental)
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: -2,1 at 23 °C
Vapor pressure: 171 hPa at 50 °C - OECD Test Guideline 104
Density: 1,22 g/cm3 at 20 °C - OECD Test Guideline 109
Relative density: 1,22 at 20 °C - OECD Test Guideline 109
Relative vapor density: 1,59 - (Air = 1.0)
Particle characteristics: No data available

Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Surface tension: 71,5 mN/m at 1g/l at 20 °C
Dissociation constant: 3,7 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: 1,59 - (Air = 1.0)
Boiling point: 101 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.22 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 12 - 38 %(V)
Flash point: 49.5 °C
Melting Point: 8.5 °C
pH value: 2.2 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 171 hPa (50 °C)
Molecular Formula: CH2O2

Molar Mass: 46.03
Density: 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: 8.2-8.4 °C (lit.)
Boling Point: 100-101 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 133°F
JECFA Number: 79
Water Solubility: MISCIBLE
Solubility H2O: soluble1g/10 mL, clear, colorless
Vapor Presure: 52 mm Hg ( 37 °C)
Vapor Density: 1.03 (vs air)
Appearance: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.216 (20℃/20℃)
Color APHA: ≤15



FIRST AID MEASURES of METHANOIC ACID:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
*After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of METHANOIC ACID:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of METHANOIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of METHANOIC ACID:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,65 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Latex gloves
Minimum layer thickness: 0,6 mm
Break through time: 60 min
*Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of METHANOIC ACID:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
No metal containers.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of METHANOIC ACID:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Formic acid
Methanoic acid
Isocarbonous acid
Carbonous acid
Formylic acid
Methylic acid
Hydrogencarboxylic acid
Hydroxy(oxo)methane
Metacarbonoic acid
Oxocarbinic acid
Oxomethanol
Hydroxymethylene oxide
Ant acid
formic acid
Methanoic acid
64-18-6
Formylic acid
Aminic acid
Bilorin
Hydrogen carboxylic acid
Formisoton
Myrmicyl
Formira
Collo-bueglatt
Collo-didax
Acide formique
Add-F
Ameisensaeure
C1 acid
RCRA waste number U123
Spirit of formic acid
Formic acid (natural)
Mierenzuur
Formicum acidum
Kwas metaniowy
Acido formico
HCOOH
Ameisensaure
CCRIS 6039
Sybest
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 214900
AI3-24237
RCRA waste no. U123
UN1779
Formic acid, dimer
Methanoic acid monomer
HCO2H
MFCD00003297
Wonderbond Hardener M 600L
0YIW783RG1
CHEBI:30751
aminate
formylate
methanoate
Formic acid [UN1779]
Formic Acid, 88%
0.1% FA in Water
hydrogen carboxylate
0.1% FA in water,
0.1% FA in ACN
0.1% FA in ACN,
0.1% Formic Acid in Water (v/v)
14523-98-9
0.1% Formic Acid in Acetonitrile (v/v)
HSDB 1646
EINECS 200-579-1
UNII-0YIW783RG1
Amasil
forrnic acid
methoic acid
icosatrienoic acids
eicosatrienoic acids
fatty acid 20:3
fatty acid 26:0
Formic acid, natural
H-COOH
Formic Acid, ACS Grade
bmse000203
EC 200-579-1
Formic acid, 95-97%
Formic acid, LC/MS Grade
Formic Acid (Fragrance Grade)
Formic acid, AR, >=90%
Formic acid, AR, >=98%
Formic acid, LR, >=85%
Formic acid, LR, >=98%
FORMICUM ACIDUM [HPUS]CHEMBL116736
Formic acid, purum, >=85%
Formic Acid (Industrial Grade)
DTXSID2024115
CHEBI:36036
CHEBI:191874
FORMIC ACID
AMY11055
BCP23013
Formic Acid Ampoules (LCMS Grade)
Formic acid, >=95%, FCC, FG
Formic acid, technical grade, 85%
Formic Acid 88% Reagent Grade ACS
Formic acid, ACS reagent, >=96%
STL264243
Formic acid, reagent grade, >=95%
VARROMED COMPONENT FORMIC ACID
AKOS000269044
Formic acid solution, 1.0M in water
Formic acid, ACS reagent, 88-91%
Water with 0.1% Formic Acid (v/v)
CCG-266004
DB01942
UN 1779
Formic acid, ACS reagent, >=96.0%
FORMIC ACID COMPONENT OF VARROMED
NCGC00248718-01
BP-21436
E236
DB-029851
C20:3
F0513
F0654
Formic acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
Formic acid, JIS special grade, >=98.0%
Formic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 95%
FT-0626533
FT-0626535
FT-0626537
FT-0668804
C00058
Formic acid, SAJ first grade, 88.0-89.5%
Formic acid solution, BioUltra, 1.0 M in H2O
A834666
Q161233
Formic acid, p.a., ACS reagent, 98.0-100.0%
J-521387
Q27110013
F1908-0082
Add-F
Formira
Bilorin
Myrmicyl
Mierenzuur
Formisoton
Formic acid
Formic acids
acidoformico
Acido formico
kwasmetaniowy
acideformique
Ameisensaeure
Acide formique
Collo-bueglatt
methanoic acid
Kwas metaniowy
Kyselina mravenci
acideformique(french)
FormicacidAmeisensure
Hydrogen carboxylic acid

Methyl alcohol; wood alcohol; carbinol cas no: 67-56-1

N° CAS : 107-98-2,Nom INCI : METHOXYISOPROPANOL. Nom chimique : 1-methoxypropan-2-ol; propyleneglycol monomethylether. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-539-1. Ses fonctions (INCI); Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. .alpha.-Propylene glycol monomethyl ether, 1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-Methoxy-2-propanol, 1-Methoxy-propane-2-ol, 1-Methoxypropan-2-ol, 1-METHOXYPROPANOL, 2-METHOXY-1-METHYLETHANOL, 2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-, 58769-19-0, ALPHA-PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER, Closol, DOWANOL-33B, Dowanol 33B, DOWANOL PM, Dowanol PM glycol ether, DOWTHERM 209, EINECS 203-539-1, Ether monométhylique du propylène-glycol, Glycol ether PM, LS-444, METHOXY ETHER OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL, Methoxyisopropanol, Methyl proxitol, PGME, Poly-Solve MPM, PROPASOL SOLVENT M, Propylene Glycol 1-Methyl Ether, Propylene glycol methyl ether, Propyleneglycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER, ALPHA, Propylenglykol-monomethylaether, PROPYLENGLYKOL-MONOMETHYLAETHER (GERMAN), UCAR SOLVENT (Obs.), Ucar Solvent LM (Obs.). Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques. Noms français : 1-METHOXY-2-HYDROXYPROPANE; 1-Methoxy-2-propanol; 2-METHOXY-1-METHYLETHANOL; 2-PROPANOL, 1-METHOXY-; ALPHA-PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER ETHER MONOMETHYLIQUE DE PROPYLENE GLYCOL; ETHER MONOMETHYLIQUE DU PROPYLENE GLYCOL; METHOXY-1 PROPANOL-2; Methoxyisopropanol; METHYLPROPYLENE GLYCOL; METHYLPROPYLENEGLYCOL; Éther monométhylique de propylène glycol; Éther monométhylique du propylène glycol. Noms anglais : 1-Methoxy-2-propanol;PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER; Propylene glycol monomethyl ether. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Solvant de produits organiques; 1-Methoxy-2-propanol ; 107-98-2 [RN]; 1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane 1-Methoxy-2-propanol [German] ; 1-Méthoxy-2-propanol [French] ; 1-methoxypropan-2-ol; 203-539-1 [EINECS]; 2-Propanol, 1-methoxy- [ACD/Index Name]; 74Z7JO8V3U; DOWANOL PM ; Methoxyisopropanol; Propylene glycol methyl ether ; Propylene glycol monomethyl ether; Propyleneglycol monomethyl ether; (R)-1-Methoxypropan-2-ol; (S)-1-Methoxypropan-2-ol ; 1,2-propylene glycol 1-monomethyl ether; 1-methoxy-2-propanol 95%; 1-methoxy-2-propanol 98%; 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 98.5%, extra pure; 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 99%,; 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 99+%; 2-Methoxy-1-methylethanol; 2-Propanol, methoxy-; Closol; Dowanol 33B; Dowanol PM; Dowanol-33B; Dowtherm 209; Icinol PM; methoxypropanol; Methoxypropanol, ; α isomer; Methyl proxitol; MFCD01632587 [MDL number]; MFCD01632588 [MDL number]; PGME; Propan-1-methoxy-2-ol; propan-2-ol, 1-methoxy-; Propasol solvent M; Propylene glycol 1-methyl ether; Propylenglykol-monomethylaether [German]; QY1 & 1O1 [WLN]; Solvent PM; ucar solvent LM; α-Propylene glycol monomethyl ether; 1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane; 1-methoxy-2-propanol; monopropylene glycol methyl ether; 1-Methoxypropanol-2; 2-Methoxy-1-methylethanol; 2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-; Closol; Dowanol 33B; Dowtherm 209; Methoxyisopropanol; Methyl proxitol; monopropylene glycol methyl ether; PGME; Poly-Solve MPM; Propasol solvent M; Propylene glycol 1-methyl ether; Propylene glycol methyl ether; Ucar Solvent LM (Obs.); 1-methoxy-2-propanol (da) 1-methoxypropaan-2-ol (nl) 1-methoxypropan-2-ol (cs) 1-metoksi-2-propanol (hr) 1-metoksi-2-propanoli (fi) 1-metoksi-2-propanolis (lt) 1-metoksi-2-propanols (lv) 1-metoksy-2-propanol (no) 1-metoksypropan-2-ol (pl) 1-metoksü-2-propanool (et) 1-metossi-2-propanol (mt) 1-metossi-2-propanolo (it) 1-metoxi-2-propanol (es) 1-metoxypropán-2-ol (sk) 1-méthoxy-2-propanol (fr) 1-μεθοξυ-προπανόλη-2 (el) 1-метокси-2-пропанол (bg) eter monometylowy glikolu propylenowego (pl) eteru tal-metil glikol monopropilen (mt) monopropilen glicol metil eter (ro) monopropilen glikol metil eter (sl) monopropilen-glikol metil-eter (hr) monopropilenglikolio metileteris (lt) monopropilén-glikol-metil-éter (hu) monopropilēnglikola metilēteris (lv) monopropyleeniglykolimetyylieetteri (fi) monopropylenglycolmethylether (da) monopropylenglykolmetyleter (no) monopropylénglykol-metyléter (sk) monopropüleenglükoolmetüüleeter (et) propilene glicol mono metil etere (it) propyleenglycolmonomethylether (nl) propylenglykolmonomethylether (cs) propylenglykolmonometyleter (no) éter metílico de monopropilenglicol (es) éter monometílico de propilenoglicol (pt) éther méthylique de monopropylèneglycol (fr) μονομεθυλαιθέρας της προπυλενογλυκόλης (el) монопропилен гликол метил етер (bg) 1-Methoxy-2-propanol (Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether) 1-methoxy-2-propanol monopropylene glycol methyl ether 1-Methoxy-2-propanol; 1-Methoxy-2-propanol; 2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-; Closol ... 1-Methoxy-propan-2-ol 1-methoxypropan-2-ol ... Propylene glycol monomethyl ether 2-propanol, 1-methoxy Agent IA94 Dowanol PM Dowanol PM - TE0036 Glycol Ether PM Hydrocarbons, C9-C12, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics Identification: ? 1-methoxy-2-propanol methoxy propanol methoxy-1-propanol-2 PM Solvent Propylene glycol methyl ether [PGME] (CAS 107-98-2) Propylene glycol monomethyl ether propylene glycol monomethylether Propyleneglycol monomethyl ether propyleneglycol monomethylether triphenyl phosphite Trade names 2-Propanol, 1-methoxy- (6CI, 7CI, 8CI, 9CI) Dowanol TM PM Glycol DOWANOL PM Glycol Ether METHYLPROXITOL MISSION MODELS POLYURETHANE MIX ADDITIVE ronacoat ro 304 SHP 401 SOLVENON PM

Methoxy Peg-10 denotes a methylated polyethylene glycol derivative with the linear formula: CH3O(CH2CH2O)nH.
Methoxy Peg-10 with higher molecular weight is generally solid at room temperature.
Methoxy Peg-10 is a high molecular weight product that belongs to methoxy polyoxyethylene glycols.


CAS Number: 9004-74-4
MDL Number: MFCD00084416
Molecular Formula: CH3O(CH2CH2O)nH
Origin(s): Synthetic
INCI name: METHOXY PEG-10
Classification: PEG / PPG, Ethoxylated compound, Glycol, Synthetic polymer


Methoxy Peg-10 is a mono-functional methoxylated PEG (10) methacrylate monomer that features excellent wetting, water solubility, low Tg, and fast surface cure.
Methoxy Peg-10 possesses lubricity and humectant properties.


Methoxy Peg-10 maintains wet-tack strength.
Methoxy Peg-10 is a polymer with high solubility in water and a slight odour.
The active substance content in Methoxy Peg-10 is about 100%.


Methoxy Peg-10 with higher molecular weight is generally solid at room temperature.
Methoxy Peg-10 denotes a methylated polyethylene glycol derivative with the linear formula: CH3O(CH2CH2O)nH.
Methoxy Peg-10 provides enhanced solvency, lubricity, hygroscopicity and with slightly more hydrophobic solvent properties.


Methoxy Peg-10 is a high molecular weight product that belongs to methoxy polyoxyethylene glycols.
Methoxy Peg-10 is intended mainly for the construction industry.
Methoxy Peg-10 is a white compact paste or solid.


The number after "PEG-" indicates the average number of molecular units -CH2-CH2-O-, for Methoxy PEG-10 this is 10 molecular units.
Methoxy PEG derivatives are used in numerous cosmetic formulations mainly as moisturizers.
"Methoxy" refers to a methyl-oxygen group (CH3-O-).


Dimethoxy-, trimethoxy- etc refer to two, three or more methoxy groups.
"PEG" refers to a PEG-(polyethylene glycol-) derivative.
The number behind "PEG-" (or the first number behind "PEG/...-") refers to the average number of molecular units -CH2-CH2-O-.



USES and APPLICATIONS of METHOXY PEG-10:
Methoxy Peg-10 is used for use in adhesives, chemical intermediates, and lubricants.
Cosmetic Uses of Methoxy Peg-10: humectants
Methoxy Peg-10 is used in pressure-sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.


Methoxy Peg-10 is used in pressure sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
Methoxy Peg-10 is recommended as a versatile intermediate for coatings and polymer modification.
Methoxy Peg-10 is used in pressure sensitive adhesives and in thermoplastic adhesives.


Methoxy Peg-10 can be used in the commercial concrete with high performance and high strength (above C60) which is mixed on site and transported remotely.
The viscosity, hygroscopicity and structure of the products can be changed by selecting products with different molecular weight.
Products with relatively low molecular weight (molecular weight less than 2000) are suitable for wetting agents and consistency regulators for cream, lotion, toothpaste, and cream.


The products with relatively high molecular weight are suitable for lipstick, deodorant stick, soap, pick up soap, foundation and cosmetics.
Methoxy Peg-10 is used in pressure sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
Methoxy Peg-10 is soluble in water, ethanol and organic solvent.


Low steam pressure, stable for heat, Methoxy Peg-10 is used as thickener and lubricant in textile printing and dyeing industry and daily chemical industry.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Methoxy Peg-10 is used as the matrix of ointment, emulsion, ointment, lotion and suppository.
Comb polymers, resulting from emulsion polymerization using Methoxy Peg-10, are used in paint and varnish production.


They are dispersants for organic and inorganic pigments.
Methoxy Peg-10 has good water solubility, wettability, lubricity, physiological inertia, no stimulation to human body, and is widely used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry.


As a cleaning agent, Methoxy Peg-10 is also used as suspending agent and thickener.
Methoxy Peg-10 is used in various applications such as micelles for drug delivery as well as in modifications of therapeutic proteins to improve their pharmacokinetics.


Methoxy Peg-10 is used in a wide range of lubricant applications due to their low volatility, solubility in water, and natural lubricity.
Methoxy Peg-10 provides enhanced solvency, lubricity, hygroscopicity and with slightly more hydrophobic solvent properties.
Methoxy Peg-10 is used for use in adhesives, chemical intermediates, inks and dye carrier, lubricants, and soaps and detergents.


Methoxy Peg-10 is non-staining to metal parts, textiles, and clothing and can be burned away leaving minimal residue.
Methoxy Peg-10 also reacts with acrylic acid to make MPEG acrylic acid ester, which is the main raw material for the preparation of polycarboxylate superplasticizer.


Methoxy Peg-10 is mainly used for the production of polycarboxylate ether (PCE) superplasticizers for concrete.
Methoxy Peg-10 is used in esterification reactions, e.g. with methacrylic acid which is further subjected to a polymerization process.
The resulting products are the main components of concrete admixtures that reduce the amount of batch water in cement concrete.


Methoxy Peg-10 is used Adhesives-PSA, Adhesives-Waterborne, Emulsions, Paint & Coatings-Waterborne, Protective Coatings, and Water Soluble Resins
Methoxy Peg-10 is used Rubber & Elastomers, Food Processing, Packaging, Textiles, Household Products, and Wood Processing.
Methoxy Peg-10 is used Adhesives, Lubricants, Agriculture, Metalworking, Ceramics, Paints & Coatings, and Chemical Intermediates.


Methoxy Peg-10 is used Paper & Paper Products, Cosmetics & Personal Care, Pharmaceuticals, Electronics, Printing & Inks, andElectroplating / Electropolishing.


-Uses of Methoxy Peg-10:
*Adhesives
*Chemical intermediates
*Inks and dye carrier
*Lubricants
*Soaps and detergents


-Applications of Methoxy Peg-10:
*Adhesives
*Chemical Intermediates
*Inks and Dye Carrier
*Lubricants
*Plasticizer
*Soaps and Detergents


-Application of Methoxy Peg-10:
*the intermediate is used in the synthesis of superplasticizers (concrete admixtures),
*the intermediate is used in the synthesis of pigment dispersants.


-Markets and applications of Methoxy Peg-10:
*Building & Construction
*Concrete & mortar additives



FUNCTIONS OF METHOXY PEG-10:
*Humectant :
Methoxy Peg-10 maintains water content of a cosmetic both in its packaging and on the skin
Methoxy Peg-10 holds and retains moisture in cosmetic products
*Solvent :
Methoxy Peg-10 dissolves other substances
*Hydrophilicity
*Water Soluble
*Plasticizers
*Superplasticizers
*Composition
*Methoxy polyethylene glycols
*Segment
*Specialty Products / Specialty additives
*Surfactants / Non-ionic surfactants



PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF METHOXY PEG-10:
1. Applied in building materials industry, as the raw material of cement water-reducing agent, reinforcing agent.
The synthetic polycarboxylate superplasticizer of the material has strong ability of cement particle dispersion, thereof, the product is characterized of low dosage, high water-reducing rate, excellent reinforce effect, good durability, not corrosive to rebar and environmentally friendly.
Can be applied in high-performance and high strength (above C60) commodity concrete for on site agitation and long distance conveying.

2. Methoxy Peg-10 is soluble in water, ethanol and organic solvents.
Methoxy Peg-10 is used as thickener and lubricant in the textile printing and dyeing industry and daily chemical industry due to its low vapor pressure and thermal stability.



ADVANTAGES OF METHOXY PEG-10:
*effective component of PCE type superplasticizing admixtures, very good hygroscopic properties,
*low diol content,
*paste/soft wax consistency,
*high solubility in water,
*slight odour.



FEATURES OF METHOXY PEG-10:
If the refined raw material and special catalyst are used, the impurity content of the product is low.
And the hydroxyl activity at the end of the molecular chain is retained to the greatest extent, with good hydrophilicity and hydroxyl reaction activity.
Methoxy Peg-10 with higher molecular weight are generally solid at room temperature.



METHOXYPOLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS (MPEG):
Methoxypolyethylene Glycols (MPEG) are used in pharmacology and cosmetics production; detergent & household goods production (as soap bars glue, soluble agent in detergent pastes, fixing agent for odors in soaps and detergents, as additive in general cleaners, polishers, air fresheners, automatic dishwashing detergents); in production of textile supporting substances (as component of dispergators and protective solutions); in metal works industry (as agents for cleaning and polishing pastes, lubricating & cooling liquids).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of METHOXY PEG-10:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
InChI:InChI=1S/C3H8O2/c1-5-3-2-4/h4H,2-3H2,1H3
InChI key:InChIKey=XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES:OCCOC
Molecular Formula: CH3O.(C2H4O)n.H
Molecular Weight: 700-800
CAS Number: 9004-74-4
EINECS/ELINCS: None Properties
Appearance: White to light yellow paste
Melting Point: 52-56°C
Density at 25ºC: 1.094 g/ml at 25 °C

Solubility in water: Soluble
Stability: Stable under ordinary conditions
Physical state: flakes
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 52 - 56 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point 182 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 5,08 at 25 °C
(as aqueous solution)

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility at 20 °C slightly soluble
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: ca.1,094 g/cm3
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: nonenone
Other safety information: No data available
Appearance: White to light yellow paste
Hydroxyl value: 70.0-80.0mgKOH/g
Molecular weight: 700-800
Water: 0.50% max
PH(1%): 5.0-7.0



FIRST AID MEASURES of METHOXY PEG-10:
-Description of first aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of METHOXY PEG-10:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of METHOXY PEG-10:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of METHOXY PEG-10:
-Control parameters:
--Exposure controls:
-Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of METHOXY PEG-10:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of METOKSİ PEG-10:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
2-methoxyethanol (peg-10)
CARBOWAX MPEG 550
METOKSİ PEG-10
METOKSİ PEG-10 [INCI]
MPEG-10
PEG-10 METHYL ETHER
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 500 MONOMETHYL ETHER
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER (MW 470) POLYOXYETHY LENE
(10) MONOMETHYL ETHER

Methoxy Peg-16 provides enhanced solvency, lubricity, hygroscopicity and with slightly more hydrophobic solvent properties.
Methoxy Peg-16 is a polymer with high solubility in water and a slight odour.


CAS Number: 9004-74-4
Chem/IUPAC Name: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-methoxy- (16 mol EO average molar ratio)
MDL number: MFCD00084416
Classification: PEG / PPG, Ethoxylated compound, Glycol, Synthetic polymer


Methoxy Peg-16 provides enhanced solvency, lubricity, hygroscopicity and with slightly more hydrophobic solvent properties.
Methoxy Peg-16 is a white compact paste or solid.
Methoxy Peg-16 is a polymer with high solubility in water and a slight odour.


The active substance content in Methoxy Peg-16 is about 100%.
Methoxy Peg-16 is a mono-functional methoxylated PEG (16) methacrylate monomer that features excellent wetting, water solubility, low Tg, and fast surface cure.


Methoxy Peg-16 maintains wet-tack strength.
Methoxy Peg-16 is a high molecular weight product that belongs to methoxy polyoxyethylene glycols.
Methoxy Peg-16 is intended mainly for the construction industry.


Methoxy Peg-16 with higher molecular weight is generally solid at room temperature.
Methoxy Peg-16 denotes a methylated polyethylene glycol derivative with the linear formula: CH3O(CH2CH2O)nH.


Methoxy Peg-16 provides enhanced solvency, lubricity, hygroscopicity and with slightly more hydrophobic solvent properties.
Methoxy Peg-16 possesses lubricity and humectant properties.


The number after "PEG-" indicates the average number of molecular units -CH2-CH2-O-, for Methoxy PEG-10 this is 10 molecular units.
Methoxy PEG derivatives are used in numerous cosmetic formulations mainly as moisturizers.
"Methoxy" refers to a methyl-oxygen group (CH3-O-).


Dimethoxy-, trimethoxy- etc refer to two, three or more methoxy groups.
"PEG" refers to a PEG-(polyethylene glycol-) derivative.
The number behind "PEG-" (or the first number behind "PEG/...-") refers to the average number of molecular units -CH2-CH2-O-.



USES and APPLICATIONS of METHOXY PEG-16:
Methoxy Peg-16 is used for use in adhesives, chemical intermediates, and lubricants​​.
Methoxy Peg-16 is recommended as a versatile intermediate for coatings and polymer modification.
Methoxy Peg-16 is used in pressure sensitive adhesives and in thermoplastic adhesives.


Methoxy Peg-16 can be used in the commercial concrete with high performance and high strength (above C60) which is mixed on site and transported remotely.
Methoxy Peg-16 also reacts with acrylic acid to make MPEG acrylic acid ester, which is the main raw material for the preparation of polycarboxylate superplasticizer.


Methoxy Peg-16 is mainly used for the production of polycarboxylate ether (PCE) superplasticizers for concrete.
Methoxy Peg-16 is used in esterification reactions, e.g. with methacrylic acid which is further subjected to a polymerization process.
The resulting products are the main components of concrete admixtures that reduce the amount of batch water in cement concrete.


Methoxy Peg-16 is used in pressure sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
Comb polymers, resulting from emulsion polymerization using Methoxy Peg-16, are used in paint and varnish production.
As a cleaning agent, Methoxy Peg-16 is also used as suspending agent and thickener.


In the pharmaceutical industry, Methoxy Peg-16 is used as the matrix of ointment, emulsion, ointment, lotion and suppository.
They are dispersants for organic and inorganic pigments.
Methoxy Peg-16 is used Adhesives-PSA, Adhesives-Waterborne, Emulsions, Paint & Coatings-Waterborne, Protective Coatings, and Water Soluble Resins


Methoxy Peg-16 is used Rubber & Elastomers, Food Processing, Packaging, Textiles, Household Products, and Wood Processing.
Methoxy Peg-16 is used Paper & Paper Products, Cosmetics & Personal Care, Pharmaceuticals, Electronics, Printing & Inks, andElectroplating / Electropolishing.


Methoxy Peg-16 is used Adhesives, Lubricants, Agriculture, Metalworking, Ceramics, Paints & Coatings, and Chemical Intermediates.
Methoxy Peg-16 provides enhanced solvency, lubricity, hygroscopicity and with slightly more hydrophobic solvent properties.
Methoxy Peg-16 is used for use in adhesives, chemical intermediates, inks and dye carrier, lubricants, and soaps and detergents.


Methoxy Peg-16 is used in various applications such as micelles for drug delivery as well as in modifications of therapeutic proteins to improve their pharmacokinetics.
Methoxy Peg-16 is used in a wide range of lubricant applications due to their low volatility, solubility in water, and natural lubricity.


Methoxy Peg-16 is non-staining to metal parts, textiles, and clothing and can be burned away leaving minimal residue.
Methoxy Peg-16 is used in pressure sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
Methoxy Peg-16 is soluble in water, ethanol and organic solvent.


Low steam pressure, stable for heat, Methoxy Peg-16 is used as thickener and lubricant in textile printing and dyeing industry and daily chemical industry.
Methoxy Peg-16 is used for use in adhesives, chemical intermediates, and lubricants.
Cosmetic Uses of Methoxy Peg-16: humectants


Methoxy Peg-16 is used in pressure-sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
Methoxy Peg-16 has good water solubility, wettability, lubricity, physiological inertia, no stimulation to human body, and is widely used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry.


The viscosity, hygroscopicity and structure of the products can be changed by selecting products with different molecular weight.
Products with relatively low molecular weight (molecular weight less than 2000) are suitable for wetting agents and consistency regulators for cream, lotion, toothpaste, and cream.
The products with relatively high molecular weight are suitable for lipstick, deodorant stick, soap, pick up soap, foundation and cosmetics.


-Application of Methoxy Peg-16:
*the intermediate is used in the synthesis of superplasticizers (concrete admixtures),
*the intermediate is used in the synthesis of pigment dispersants.


-Markets and applications of Methoxy Peg-16:
*Building & Construction
*Concrete & mortar additives


-Applications of Methoxy Peg-16:
*Adhesives
*Chemical Intermediates
*Inks and Dye Carrier
*Lubricants
*Plasticizer
*Soaps and Detergents


-Uses of Methoxy Peg-16:
*Adhesives
*Chemical intermediates
*Inks and dye carrier
*Lubricants
*Soaps and detergents



PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF METHOXY PEG-16:
1. Applied in building materials industry, as the raw material of cement water-reducing agent, reinforcing agent.
The synthetic polycarboxylate superplasticizer of the material has strong ability of cement particle dispersion, thereof, the product is characterized of low dosage, high water-reducing rate, excellent reinforce effect, good durability, not corrosive to rebar and environmentally friendly.
Can be applied in high-performance and high strength (above C60) commodity concrete for on site agitation and long distance conveying.

2. Methoxy Peg-16 is soluble in water, ethanol and organic solvents.
Methoxy Peg-16 is used as thickener and lubricant in the textile printing and dyeing industry and daily chemical industry due to its low vapor pressure and thermal stability.



ADVANTAGES OF METHOXY PEG-16:
*effective component of PCE type superplasticizing admixtures, very good hygroscopic properties,
*low diol content,
*paste/soft wax consistency,
*high solubility in water,
*slight odour.



FUNCTIONS OF METHOXY PEG-16:
*Humectant :
Methoxy Peg-16 maintains water content of a cosmetic both in its packaging and on the skin
Methoxy Peg-16 holds and retains moisture in cosmetic products
*Solvent :
Methoxy Peg-16 dissolves other substances
*Hydrophilicity
*Water Soluble
*Plasticizers
*Superplasticizers
*Composition
*Methoxy polyethylene glycols
*Segment
*Specialty Products / Specialty additives
*Surfactants / Non-ionic surfactants



FEATURES OF METHOXY PEG-16:
If the refined raw material and special catalyst are used, the impurity content of the product is low.
And the hydroxyl activity at the end of the molecular chain is retained to the greatest extent, with good hydrophilicity and hydroxyl reaction activity.
Methoxy Peg-16 with higher molecular weight are generally solid at room temperature.



METHOXYPOLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS (MPEG):
Methoxypolyethylene Glycols (MPEG) are used in pharmacology and cosmetics production; detergent & household goods production (as soap bars glue, soluble agent in detergent pastes, fixing agent for odors in soaps and detergents, as additive in general cleaners, polishers, air fresheners, automatic dishwashing detergents); in production of textile supporting substances (as component of dispergators and protective solutions); in metal works industry (as agents for cleaning and polishing pastes, lubricating & cooling liquids).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of METHOXY PEG-16:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
InChI:InChI=1S/C3H8O2/c1-5-3-2-4/h4H,2-3H2,1H3
InChI key:InChIKey=XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES:OCCOC
Molecular Formula: CH3O.(C2H4O)n.H
Molecular Weight: 700-800
CAS Number: 9004-74-4
EINECS/ELINCS: None Properties
Appearance: White to light yellow paste
Melting Point: 52-56°C
Density at 25ºC: 1.094 g/ml at 25 °C

Solubility in water: Soluble
Stability: Stable under ordinary conditions
Physical state: flakes
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 52 - 56 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point 182 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 5,08 at 25 °C
(as aqueous solution)

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility at 20 °C slightly soluble
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: ca.1,094 g/cm3
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: nonenone
Other safety information: No data available
Appearance: White to light yellow paste
Hydroxyl value: 70.0-80.0mgKOH/g
Molecular weight: 700-800
Water: 0.50% max
PH(1%): 5.0-7.0



FIRST AID MEASURES of METHOXY PEG-16:
-Description of first aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of METHOXY PEG-16:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of METHOXY PEG-16:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of METHOXY PEG-16:
-Control parameters:
--Exposure controls:
-Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of METHOXY PEG-16:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of METHOXY PEG-16:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Methoxy PEG-16
89ES36762B
CARBOWAX MPEG 750
MPEG-16
PEG-16 METHYL ETHER
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER (MW 750)
CARBOWAX MPEG 750
METHOXY PEG-16
METHOXY PEG-16 [INCI]
MPEG-16
PEG-16 METHYL ETHER
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (16) MONOMETHYL ETHER
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER (MW 750)
POLYOXYETHY LENE (16) MONOMETHYL ETHER

Methoxy polyethylene glycol belong to a type of polyethylene glycols (PEG) containing methoxy groups in their structure.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is a synthetic polymer of ethylene oxide which, after reacting with methyl ether, gains a functional group with the formula -OCH3.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.

CAS Number: 9004-74-4
Molecular Formula: C5H12O3
Molecular Weight: 120.14698
EINECS Number: 618-394-3

Methoxy polyethylene glycol is a PEG linker containing a hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl group enables further derivatization or replacement with other reactive functional groups.
The hydrophilic PEG spacer increases solubility in aqueous media.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is a Polyethylene glycol (PEG) macromer with a reactive chain end consisting of methyl ether.

Etherification of the Methoxy polyethylene glycol chain ends can be undertaken in basic conditions by reacting it with alkyl halides.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol can undergo cross linking to form hydrogels; polymerization can be initiated by redox reaction or free radical initiator.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol, sold under the brand name Mircera, is a long-acting erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) used for the treatment of anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol is the first approved, chemically modified erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA).
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol was approved for medical use in the European Union, Switzerland,[citation needed] and the United States in 2007.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol is made from erythropoietin by chemically linking the N-terminal amino group or the ε-amino group of any lysine present in the protein with methoxy polyethylene glycol butanoic acid.
The average molecular weight is approximately 60 kDa.
The drug stimulates erythropoiesis by interacting with the erythropoietin receptor on progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol has a reduced receptor binding activity compared to other ESAs and but retains in vivo activity due to an extended serum half-life.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol has an in vivo half-life of around 135 hours (5.6 days) as compared to darbepoetin alfa which has a half life of around 21 to 70 hours, the half life of which is three times that of the naturally occurring erthropoietin in the body.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol contains the active substance methoxy polyethylene glycol epoetin beta, and is a medicine that stimulates the growth of red blood cells.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult patients.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is given by subcutaneous or intravenous injections, using a pre-filled syringe.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is also a recombinant product.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol has been chemically modified and has different activity to erythropoietin at the receptor level it associates with the receptor more slowly, but dissociates faster.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol has a much longer half-life than erythropoietin and does not need to be given as often.
After subcutaneous administration, maximum serum concentrations are reached after 72 hours.

The elimination half-life is 139 hours after a subcutaneous injection and 134 hours after an intravenous injection.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is has no effect on serum concentrations of this drug.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol (given subcutaneously every two weeks) was non-inferior to darbepoetin alfa (given weekly).

Almost all patients (98% with methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta, 96% with darbepoetin alfa) had responded to treatment by 28 weeks.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol can be given subcutaneously or intravenously.
Subcutaneous injections can be given in the abdomen, arm or thigh.

The starting dose and the dosing frequency of this drug depend on whether the patient is already receiving erythropoietin or is starting treatment.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol information explains how to calculate the dose if a patient is switching from another erythropoietin.
In treatment-nave patients, the recommended dose is 0.6 microgram/kg every two weeks initially.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol seems to be as effective as other epoetins for correcting and maintaining haemoglobin concentrations in patients with renal anaemia.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is used to treat anemia caused by kidney failure.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol injection causes the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.

If the body does not produce enough red blood cells, severe anemia can occur. This often occurs in people with chronic kidney failure whose kidneys are not working properly.
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is a member of the polyethylene glycol family, and its properties can be fine-tuned by adjusting parameters such as molecular weight and the degree of methoxylation.

Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of Methoxy polyethylene glycol injection in children 5 to 17 years of age when it is given through a needle placed into one of your child's veins.
Safety and efficacy have not been established in children younger than 5 years of age or when it is given as a shot under the skin in children.
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta injection in the elderly.

However, elderly patients are more likely to have kidney, liver, or heart problems, which may require caution or an adjustment in the dose in patients receiving this medicine.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol helps in the treatment of anemia that may have occurred due to chronic kidney disease or cancer chemotherapy.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is given as a single injection under your skin.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol is a type of polyethylene glycol (PEG) that has methoxy groups attached to its molecular structure.
Methoxy polyethylene glycols are a family of synthetic polymers that consist of repeating units of ethylene glycol.
They are water-soluble, biocompatible, and have a wide range of applications in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food.

The addition of Methoxy polyethylene glycol can alter its properties, making it more hydrophobic (water-repellent) compared to traditional PEG.
This modification is often employed to fine-tune the solubility, stability, and other characteristics of the polymer for specific applications.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Methoxy polyethylene glycol is frequently used in the formulation of certain drug products, particularly in the development of extended-release or sustained-release formulations.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol can also be used to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, improve drug stability, and reduce immunogenicity.
The molecular weight of Methoxy polyethylene glycol can vary, and different molecular weights can be selected based on the specific requirements of a given application.
Molecular weight influences the physical and chemical properties of the polymer.

Methoxy polyethylene glycols, in general, are known for their hydrophilic (water-attracting) nature.
The addition of methoxy groups to Methoxy polyethylene glycol imparts a degree of hydrophobicity, allowing MPEG to have a balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity.
This balance is crucial in applications where controlled release, stability, and solubility in both aqueous and organic media are important.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry for drug delivery applications.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol can be conjugated to drugs or used as part of a drug delivery system to modify the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the drug.
For instance, Methoxy polyethylene glycol can enhance the circulation time of drugs in the bloodstream, reduce immunogenicity, and improve the overall therapeutic profile.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol can be used for surface modifications of materials to alter their properties.
For example, Methoxy polyethylene glycol might be employed in coatings for medical devices or nanoparticles to improve their biocompatibility and reduce interactions with biological components.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol can be conjugated to other polymers or molecules to create copolymers with specific properties.

This is often done to achieve a desired combination of characteristics such as stability, solubility, and controlled release.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is also used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is water-solubility makes it suitable for formulations like creams, lotions, and shampoos, where it can serve as a thickening or emulsifying agent.

Melting point: 60-64 °C
Boiling point: >200°C/760mmHg
Density: 1.094 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density: >1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.05 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.459
Flash point: 268 °C
storage temp.: -20°C
solubility: H2O: 50 mg/mL at 25 °C, clear, colorless
form: semisolid
Specific Gravity: 1.094
color: White to pale yellow
PH: 5.5-7.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Water Solubility: Slightly miscible with water.
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.06
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.03
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases.
InChIKey: XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.800 (est)

Methoxy polyethylene glycol is a growth factor for erythroid development.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is produced in the kidney and released into the bloodstream in response to hypoxia, interacting with erythroid progenitor cells to increase red blood cell production.
Production of endogenous erythropoietin is impaired in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and erythropoietin deficiency is the primary cause of their anaemia.

Administration of Methoxy polyethylene glycol acts like endogenous erythropoetin and stimulates erythropoetin receptor of the erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow.
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA), which stimulates erythropoiesis by the same mechanism as endogenous erythropoietin.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol is indicated for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD in adult patients on dialysis and patients not on dialysis).
Methoxy polyethylene glycol injection is used to treat anemia (a lower than normal number of red blood cells) in people with chronic kidney failure (condition in which the kidneys slowly and permanently stop working over a period of time) in adults on and not on dialysis and in children 5 years of age and older on dialysis who have already received another treatment for anemia.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol injection should not be used to treat anemia caused by cancer chemotherapy and should not be used in place of a red blood cell transfusion to treat severe anemia.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol injection is in a class of medications called erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs).
Methoxy polyethylene glycol works by causing the bone marrow (soft tissue inside the bones where blood is made) to make more red blood cells.

For the treatment of patients with anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease.
Not a substitute for RBC transfusion if immediate correction of anemia is required.
Stimulates hemoglobin production by stimulating the erythropoetin receptor of erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

Hemoglobin increase, following a single initial dose, occurs 7 to 15 days after.
Treatment with Mircera should be started under the supervision of a doctor who has experience in the management of patients with kidney disease.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is given as an injection under the skin or into a vein.

The dose and the frequency of dosing depend on whether or not Methoxy polyethylene glycol is replacing another medicine used to stimulate the production of red blood cells.
Doses should be adjusted according to the patient’s response.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is intended for long-term use.

Adult patients can inject themselves once they have been trained appropriately.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol should be given to children by a healthcare professional or by an adult caregiver who has been appropriately trained.
Patients with chronic kidney disease may not produce enough erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells.

The active substance in Methoxy polyethylene glycol, methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta, works like natural erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production, because it can attach itself to the same receptors (targets) as erythropoietin.
However, the way it interacts with the receptor is slightly different from natural erythropoietin, which gives it a longer effect.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is also cleared from the body less quickly.

As a result, Methoxy polyethylene glycol can be given less often than natural erythropoietin.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol was shown to be as effective as the comparator medicines in correcting and maintaining haemoglobin levels in six main studies involving a total of 2,399 adults with anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease. Mircera was compared with other medicines used to stimulate red blood cell production.
In all six studies, the main measure of effectiveness was the change in haemoglobin levels.

Most patients also received iron to prevent deficiency (low iron levels) during the studies.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol, which involves attaching PEG chains to various biological molecules such as proteins or peptides, is a common application of Methoxy polyethylene glycol in biotechnology.
This modification is often used to improve the stability, solubility, and pharmacokinetics of therapeutic proteins, making them more suitable for pharmaceutical use.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol in Nanotechnology: MPEG is frequently employed in the development of polymeric nanoparticles and micelles for drug delivery.
These nanoparticles can encapsulate drugs and improve their bioavailability, as well as provide targeted delivery to specific tissues or cells.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol, including the use of MPEG, is known to reduce the immunogenicity of certain therapeutic agents.

The addition of Methoxy polyethylene glycol can help evade the immune system, preventing the rapid clearance of the therapeutic agent from the body.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol has been utilized in various therapeutic applications, including the treatment of conditions such as cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol drugs may have prolonged circulation times, allowing for less frequent dosing and potentially reducing side effects.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol and MPEG have generally been considered safe and well-tolerated in many applications, it's essential to consider potential toxicity concerns.
High molecular weight PEGs, in particular, may have different safety profiles, and the accumulation of PEG in the body over time has been a topic of research.
The chemical structure of Methoxy polyethylene glycol includes the methoxy (-OCH3) groups attached to the ethylene glycol units.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol, various PEG derivatives with different functional groups and modifications exist.
These derivatives can be tailored for specific applications, offering versatility in the design of polymers with diverse properties.
The use of Methoxy polyethylene glycol, especially in the pharmaceutical and medical fields, is subject to regulatory considerations.

Uses:
Methoxy polyethylene glycol has been used in a study to assess the synthesis of a new class of thermosensitive micellar cyclotriphosphazenes.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol has also been used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol of with an average molecular mass of 350.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol is used in various applications such as micelles for drug delivery as well as in modifications of therapeutic proteins to improve their pharmacokinetics.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol beta injection is used to treat anemia in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who may or may not be on dialysis or in children with CKD who are on dialysis.
This medicine is not used to treat anemia caused by cancer medicines.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol is a medicine used to treat the symptoms of anaemia (low levels of red blood cells) in adults and children aged 3 months and older with chronic kidney disease (long-term, progressive decrease in the ability of the kidneys to work properly).
Methoxy polyethylene glycol may be used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants, contributing to their stability and performance.
In the textile industry, Methoxy polyethylene glycols, including MPEG, can be used as finishing agents to impart certain properties to fabrics, such as softness and wrinkle resistance.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol can be employed in various chemical processes as a reaction medium or as a stabilizing agent for certain reactions.
Methoxy polyethylene glycols, including MPEG, have historically been used in the photographic industry as ingredients in film coatings and processing solutions.
Methoxy polyethylene glycols are used as de-icing agents, especially in aviation, to prevent the formation of ice on the surfaces of aircraft.

Methoxy polyethylene glycols may be used in the formulation of lubricants to improve their properties and performance.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol can be utilized in the synthesis of various polymers, contributing to the development of materials with specific properties.
Methoxy polyethylene glycols, including MPEG, are used in the field of art conservation for the treatment of wooden artifacts and objects to prevent drying and cracking.

In some medical applications, PEGs like Methoxy polyethylene glycol may be included in wound care products to provide moisture and aid in the healing process.
Methoxy polyethylene glycols can be used in agriculture as components in certain formulations, such as in crop protection products.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol beta is a synthetic erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol beta injection is used to treat anemia in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who may or may not be on dialysis or in children with CKD who are on dialysis.
This medicine is not used to treat anemia caused by cancer medicines.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is often used in drug delivery systems to modify the pharmacokinetics of drugs.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol can improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs and enhance their bioavailability.
In biopharmaceuticals, PEGylation with compounds like Methoxy polyethylene glycol is employed to modify proteins, enzymes, and peptides.
This modification can improve the stability and circulation time of these therapeutic agents in the body.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol is used in biotechnological processes to modify proteins and enzymes, improving their stability and performance.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is commonly used in the development of polymeric nanoparticles and micelles for drug delivery.
These nanoparticles can encapsulate drugs and improve their delivery to target tissues.

Due to its water-soluble nature, Methoxy polyethylene glycol is used as an emulsifying and solubilizing agent in cosmetic and personal care products such as creams, lotions, and shampoos.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol can be used to modify the surface properties of materials, including medical devices and nanoparticles, to enhance biocompatibility.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol can be used to form copolymers with other polymers, influencing the overall properties of the resulting material.

This is often done to achieve specific characteristics in drug delivery systems.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol, may find applications in the food industry as additives or stabilizers.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol is used in laboratories as a reagent in various research applications.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol has been used in a study to assess the synthesis of a new class of thermosensitive micellar cyclotriphosphazenes.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol has also been used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.

Safety Profile:
Methoxy polyethylene glycol can have toxicity concerns, especially at higher concentrations or with prolonged exposure.
The extent of toxicity may depend on factors such as molecular weight, degree of methoxylation, and the specific application.
Concentrated solutions or direct contact with Methoxy polyethylene glycol can cause skin and eye irritation.

Proper protective measures, such as gloves and goggles, should be used when handling this substance.
Inhalation of dust or vapors from Methoxy polyethylene glycol may cause respiratory irritation.
Adequate ventilation should be provided in areas where this substance is handled, and respiratory protection may be necessary in certain situations.

Methoxy polyethylene glycol, have been associated with allergic reactions in some individuals.
Sensitivity can vary, and individuals with known allergies to Methoxy polyethylene glycol should exercise caution.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol and other polyethylene glycols should be in accordance with environmental regulations.

Synonyms:
Triglyme
112-49-2
2,5,8,11-TETRAOXADODECANE
Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether
1,2-Bis(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane
Glyme 4
Ansul ether 161
Glyme-3
1-methoxy-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethane
Dimethyl ether of triethylene glycol
Ethane, 1,2-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-
NSC 66400
DTXSID8026224
1-METHOXY-2-[2-(2-METHOXY-ETHOXY]-ETHANE
32YXG88KK0
triethyleneglycol dimethyl ether
CHEBI:44842
NSC-66400
TEGDIME
PG5
EINECS 203-977-3
Glycol, triethylene-, dimethyl ether
BRN 1700630
UNII-32YXG88KK0
AI3-28582
Glyme-4
1,2-Bis(2-methoxyethoxy) Ethane, Reagent
TRIGLYME [MI]
2,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane
EC 203-977-3
SCHEMBL16126
1,2-Bis(methoxyethoxy)ethane
triethylene glycol dimethylether
DTXCID206224
CHEMBL1235255
Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (stabilized with BHT)
Ethane,2-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-
(CH3O(CH2)2OCH2)2
NSC66400
Tox21_300509
MFCD00008504
AKOS009158244
CS-W017328
DB02078
NCGC00164017-01
NCGC00164017-02
NCGC00254323-01
CAS-112-49-2
B0496
FT-0659858
FT-0755020
EN300-40253
E75964
A802587
1-Methoxy-2-[2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethane
Q2453066
Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
Z409380232
Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, analytical reference material
Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecane;1,2-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane;triethylene glycol dimethyl ether;1,2bis(2methoxyethoxy)ethane;triethylene glycoldimethylether (tegdme);2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecane 1,2-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane triethylene glycol dimethyl ether 1,2bis(2methoxyethoxy)ethane triethylene glycoldimethylether (tegdme)