Nom INCI : HYDROGENATED SHEA BUTTER Classification : Huile hydrogénée Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

HYDROLYZED BEESWAX, N° CAS : 223705-74-6, Nom INCI : HYDROLYZED BEESWAX. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion Agent stabilisant : Améliore les ingrédients ou la stabilité de la formulation et la durée de conservation Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

cas no 8016-70-4 Soya bean glyceride, hydrogenated; Polycerin Hydro RD 907; HYDROGENATED SOYBEAN GLYCERIDE; SOYBEAN OIL PARTIALLY HYDROGENATED; Soybeanoil, hydrogenated; LP 416;

cas no 91082-37-0 Sunflower oil, hydrogenated; Sonnenblumenoel, hydriert; Hydrogenated vegetable oils; Novadeps U; Sunflower oil, hydrogenated;

cas no 61790-38-3 Tallow fatty acids, hydrogenated; Fatty acids, tallow, hydrogenated;

hydrogen peroxide; Peroxide; Hydrogen Dioxide; Albone; Inhibine; Perhydrol; Peroxan; Oxydol; Hydroperoxide; Hioxy; Dihydrogen Dioxide; Perossido Di Idrogeno (Italian); Peroxyde D'hydrogene (French); Wasserstoffperoxid; Aterstofperoxyde; cas no: 7722-84-1

hydrogenated vegetable oil; lipobutter persea; hydrogenated mixed vegetable oils; vegetable oils, hydrogenated; Oils, vegetable, hydrogenated;Fats and Glyceridic oils, vegetable, hydrogenated;PARTIALLYHYDROGENATEDVEGETABLEOIL CAS NO:68334-28-1

Hydrolite 5 is colorless liquid, practically odorless
Hydrolite 5 is a multifunctional cosmetic ingredient.


CAS Number: 5343-92-0
EC Number: 226-285-3
MDL number: MFCD00010736
Chemical Name: pentane-1,2-diol
INCI: Pentylene Glycol
Linear Formula: CH3CH2CH2CH(OH)CH2OH
Molecular Formula: C5H12O2



SYNONYMS:
1, 2-Dihydroxypentane, 1, 2-Pentylene glycol, 4-Methyl-1 2-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-dihydroxypentane, 1,2-pentanediol, 2r, acmc-20mbh5, acmc-1axdb, 3-01-00-02191 beilstein handbook reference, ksc271i3n, wcvrqhfdjllwfe-uhfffaoysa, (±)-Pentane-1,2-diol, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane, 1,2-Pentylene Glycol, Diol PD, Hydrolite 5, NSC 513, (+/-)-Pentane-1,2-diol, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane, 1,2-Pentylene Glycol, Diol PD, Hydrolite 5, NSC 513, 1,2-Pentanediol, Pentane-1,2-diol, 5343-92-0, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane, NSC-513, 50C1307PZG, MFCD00010736, EINECS 226-285-3, BRN 1719151, UNII-50C1307PZG, AI3-03317, NSC 513, 1,a2-aPentanediol, EC 226-285-3, 1,2-Pentanediol, 96%, SCHEMBL62155, 3-01-00-02191 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), NSC513, WCVRQHFDJLLWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-, DTXSID10863522, PENTYLENE GLYCOL [WHO-DD], (+/-)-1,2-PENTANEDIOL, AKOS009156977, AS-40006, SY032914, CS-0017222, NS00001259, P1178, EN300-52018, A829586, Q3374899, InChI=1/C5H12O2/c1-2-3-5(7)4-6/h5-7H,2-4H2,1H3



Hydrolite 5 is a glycol derived from sugar cane with extreme hygroscopic properties and an anti-bacterial effect.
Hydrolite 5 is a multifunctional cosmetic ingredient.
Hydrolite 5 is a clear, colorless liquid of characteristic odor.


Hydrolite 5 is challenging the industry with over 5 key features boosting product efficiency.
Hydrolite 5 is pentylene glycol, a 1,2-alkanediol that revolutionised the market of cosmetic ingredients.


Hydrolite 5 hydrates skin and boosts the performance of active ingredients.
Following the motto ‘less is more’, Hydrolite 5 enhances modern recipes.
Hydrolite 5's multifunctional properties also benefit the solubilising and emulsifying characteristics of cosmetics ingredients with minimal effort.


Combined with antimicrobial agents, Hydrolite 5 supports modern product protection.
Hydrolite 5 is suitable for all skin types
Hydrolite 5 is manufactured from a raw material that is a by-product of sugar production and derived from sugar cane.


Hydrolite 5 meets the COSMOS standard.
Hydrolite 5 is a multi-functional cosmetic ingredient
Hydrolite 5 is a colorless liquid with a very low odor


Common name of Hydrolite 5 is 1,2-Pentanediol
Hydrolite 5 is soluble in water and cosmetic esters
Hydrolite 5 is globally approved


Recommended use level of Hydrolite 5 is 1 - 5%.
Hydrolite 5 is a high-performance hydration system designed for athletes and active individuals.
Hydrolite 5 provides superior hydration and electrolyte replenishment to support optimal performance during workouts and physical activities.


The green color indicates that Hydrolite 5 contains natural ingredients and is free from artificial additives.
Stay hydrated and energized with Hydrolite 5!
Hydrolite 5 green is a new generation of pentylene glycol.


Hydrolite 5 is made from sugar cane, COSMOS approved, Ecocert, Halal
Hydrolite 5 is colorless liquid, practically odorless
Recommended input percentage of Hydrolite 5 is up to 5.0%


Hydrolite 5 is soluble in both water and cosmetic ethers
Hydrolite 5 is stable and effective over a wide range of pH (3-12) and temperature
Hydrolite 5 is compatible with many cosmetics ingredients


Hydrolite 5 complies with Japanese Quasi-Drug Ingredients
Hydrolite 5 is used suitable for cosmetic and oral care products
Hydrolite 5 is 1,2-pentanediol.


Hydrolite 5 is a colourless liquid with a charateristic intrinsic odour.
Due to its chemical properties, Hydrolite 5 is readily soluble in water and oil
Hydrolite 5 hydrates the skin and boosts the efficacy of active ingredients used in cosmetic formulations.


In addition, Hydrolite 5 improves both the look and consistency, as well as the protection of the product.
Manufacturers of cosmetic products can use Hydrolite 5 in a wide range of cosmetics.
Hydrolite 5 enhances activity of actives.


Hydrolite 5 moisturises (humectant).
Hydrolite 5 improves stability of oil-in-water emulsions.
Hydrolite 5 improves solubility of ingredients and increases transparency.


Hydrolite 5 improves efficacy of preservatives (reducing their dosage).
Hydrolite 5 is sustainable pentylene glycol: 100% green carbon
Hydrolite 5 is patented process using raw materials from by-products : bagasse from sugar cane and pulp from wood.


Hydrolite 5 enhances the performances of active ingredients.
Hydrolite 5 is excellent moisturizer, also provides product protection.
Hydrolite 5 improves formula aesthetics including dispensability of pigments.


Hydrolite 5 stabilizes emulsions, excellent solvent and solubilizer.
Hydrolite 5 is solorless liquid, nearly odorless.
Hydrolite 5 is soluble in water, ethanol and glycols.


Hydrolite 5 is food grade - suitable for oral care.
Hydrolite 5 is COSMOS/Ecocert approved.
Hydrolite 5 represents the next generation of sustainable pentylene glycol!


100% bio-based carbon and COSMOS approved, Hydrolite 5 is made by a patented process from bagasse, a by-product coming from sugar cane which is ethically and responsibly sourced.
From classical to green formulations, from light to rich textures,


Hydrolite 5 is a sustainable (derived from sugar cane) version of the original pentylene glycol.
Hydrolite 5 enhances activity of actives.
Hydrolite 5 moisturises (humectant).


Hydrolite 5 improves stability of oil-in-water emulsions.
Hydrolite 5 improves solubility of ingredients and increases transparency.
Hydrolite 5 improves efficacy of preservatives (reducing their dosage).


pH Stability of Hydrolite 5 is 3-12 pH.
Hydrolite 5 acts as an excellent skin moisturizer.
Hydrolite 5 is clear, colorless liquid with very low odor soluble in water and cosmetic esters.


Hydrolite 5 reduces emulsion particle size to achieve better stability and improves formulation aesthetics.
Hydrolite 5 works synergistically with preservatives and enhances the bioavailability of cosmetic actives.
Hydrolite 5 possesses excellent safety profile.


Hydrolite 5 offers many hair care benefits and improves water-resistance of sunscreen formulations.
Hydrolite 5 is a true multifunctional.
Hydrolite 5 is made by a patented process from bagasse, a by-product coming from sugar cane, ethically and responsibly sourced.


In the context of increasing regulations, higher consumer expectations and escalating pressure on formulation cost, doing more with less is becoming an invitation to revisit the question of product protection - a perfect reason to discover (or rediscover), Hydrolite 5, a versatile 1,2-alkanediol with a long history of safe use and truly global compliance - USA, Europe, Japan (including quasi-drugs) and China.


Hydrolite 5 is a multifunctional ingredient derived from renewable raw materials from sugar cane.
Hydrolite 5 has the same properties as the original pentylene glycol.
Hydrolite 5 hydrates the skin and boosts the efficacy of active ingredients used in cosmetic formulations.


In addition, Hydrolite 5 improves both, the look and consistency as well as the protection of the product.
Hydrolite 5 can be used in a wide range of cosmetics.
Hydrolite 5 is 100% bio-based and COSMOS compliant.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HYDROLITE 5:
Application/Recommended of Hydrolite 5: Sun care (Sun protection, After-sun & Self-tanning), Toiletries (Shower & Bath, Oral care…) > Oral care, Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care), Decorative cosmetics/Make-up, Hair care (Shampoos, Conditioners & Styling).
Recommended use levels of Hydrolite 5 is < 5.0 %.


Pentylene Glycol Biobased, also known as Hydrolite 5, is a versatile product widely used in various industries.
Hydrolite 5 serves as a multifunctional ingredient in personal care products, acting as a humectant, solvent, and preservative.
Its biobased nature makes Hydrolite 5 an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional petroleum-based glycols.


Hydrolite 5 finds applications in skincare, haircare, and cosmetic formulations, providing moisturizing and conditioning properties.
Additionally, Hydrolite 5 enhances the stability and shelf life of products, making it a valuable ingredient for manufacturers in the beauty and personal care industry.


Hydrolite 5 is used lotions, gels, creams, shampoos and emulsions.
Hydrolite 5 is used preservative-free preservation strategy option for some product types.
Hydrolite 5 is used in a variety of cosmetic and personal care products, such as moisturizers, body lotions, facial serums, body washes and shampoos, to provide long-lasting hydration to skin and hair.


Hydrolite 5 acts as a co-emulsifier reducing surface tension and particle size in emulsions thus providing better stability
Hydrolite 5 is an excellent solvent for ingredients such as perfumes
Increases the dispersion of pigments, improves the intensity and homogenization of color in make-up applications


Hydrolite 5 boosts skin hydration up to +10% after 4 hours of application, using a product with 3% Hydrolite 5 Green
Hydrolite 5 strengthens the antimicrobial protection of products because it acts synergistically with preservatives, thus providing excellent effectiveness
Hydrolite 5 enhances the performance of dihydroxyacetone ( DHA ) in self - tanning products and therefore improves natural tanning.


Hydrolite 5 is suitable for use in most types of formulations.
Hydrolite 5 is ecocert, Cosmos, Halal certified, biodegradable 88% in 28 days.
Hydrolite 5 enhances self-tanning: The properties of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) are enhanced.


The perception of Hydrolite 5 is also improved: durable, uniform color.Hydrolite 5 moisturizes the skin better than glycerin, reduces the stickiness of polymers, and helps introduce poorly soluble components into water.
Most importantly, Hydrolite 5 improves the transport of polar active ingredients across the lipid barrier.


The Hydrolite 5 molecule is both hydrophilic and lipophilic, and at the same time small.
It surrounds the active, forming a micelle, and conducts Hydrolite 5 through the lipid barrier.
As a result, the cosmetic product works more effectively.


The organoleptic properties of Hydrolite 5 create a wonderful feeling on the skin: light, yet nourishing and velvety.
By reducing surface tension Hydrolite 5 improves the aesthetics of the formulation and acts as a co- emulsifier. Ideal for “green” products and also enhances the naturalness of classic recipes.


Hydrolite 5, also known as pentylene glycol, is a plant-based humectant that helps retain moisture in the skin and keep it hydrated.
Hydrolite 5 is a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to other synthetic moisturizers.
This a multifunctional ingredient, Hydrolite 5, that can be used in a diverse range of cosmetics for a range of applications.


These include; improving active efficacy, skin hydration, improves stability/solubility of ingredients and improving the efficacy of preservatives.
Hydrolite 5 is the ideal multifunctional ingredient that increases the performance of active ingredients, moisturizes the skin, bring benefits in hair care, improves the sensorial profile of formulas and enhances product protection


This a multifunctional ingredient, Hydrolite 5, that can be used in a diverse range of cosmetics for a range of applications.
These include; improving active efficacy, skin hydration, improves stability/solubility of ingredients and improving the efficacy of preservatives.
Microbes need water to be available to them so that they can thrive.


Humectants such as Hydrolite 5 capture and lock-up a formulations free water thus rendering the formulation environment stressful for microbes.
In some cases such as simple creams, spritzers and cleansers this can be used as the sole preservative if added at 4-5%.
In more challenging formulations such as those with lots of herbal extracts, clays or colours, the water-binding strategy may be too slow to knock-down the initial micro load and so may not be suitable.


A humectancy approach to product preservation, where free water is bound up is one of the healthiest strategies for the microbiome as Hydrolite 5 has no negative effect on the skins natural flora.
However, Hydrolite 5 is worth noting that the only way of assuring your product is protected is by investing in micro testing.


Hydrolite 5 has obtained the COSMOS natural raw material certification.
The natural raw materials used are internationally recognized.
Hydrolite 5's antibacterial properties are mild and safe, with minimal skin irritation.


Hydrolite 5 also does not contain potentially irritating short-chain unsaturated fatty acids, 1 ,2 Epoxypentane, peroxide, etc.
Hydrolite 5 contains both hydrophilic and lipophilic groups, which means it can be soluble in water and many oils, so it can be used as a good solvent in skin care products and cosmetic raw materials.


When used in serum or serum, Hydrolite 5 can help enhance the transparency of the system.
Since Hydrolite 5 can be dissolved in many oils, it can be used as a natural moisturizer in cosmetics with water-free formulas.
When used in sunscreen products, Hydrolite 5 helps to improve the water resistance of the product.


Hydrolite 5 is often used in preservative-free skin creams, eye creams, skin lotions, and baby care products.
Hydrolite 5 is especially suitable for sensitive skin, delicate skin such as infants and young children, and aging Care for dry skin.
Using Hydrolite 5 alone and adding 3% to 5% is enough to meet the application needs of skin care products and cosmetics without preservatives.


Hydrolite 5 can be stored at room temperature for up to 6 months.
Of course, the shorter the time after use, the better.
Effective antibacterial activity applies to a wide pH range of 3~12pH.


If you need a longer storage time, it is recommended to add 1% phenoxyethanol antibacterial agent (Phenoxyethanol) at the same time, which will have a synergistic effect.


Hydrolite 5 is the ideal multifunctional ingredient that moisturizes the skin, brings benefits in hair care, increases the performance of cosmetic ingredients, improves the sensorial profile of formulas and enhances product protection, while respecting the skin microbiome. 100% bio-based and COSMOS approved, Hydrolite 5 is derived from sugar cane and wood (ethically & responsibly sourced).


From classical to green formulations, from light to rich textures, Hydrolite 5 is the ideal multifunctional for any type of skin.
Hydrolite 5 hydrates the skin and boosts the efficacy of active ingredients used in cosmetic formulations.



WHERE IS HYDROLITE 5 USED?
Hydrolite 5 belongs to the group of hydroxyl group-containing substances such as ethanol, glycerol and sorbitol.
Hydrolite 5 is a colorless and viscous liquid that is miscible with water and has a boiling point of 242 degrees Celsius.

Hydrolite 5 is increasingly used in cosmetic products these days, although there are many other uses.
For example, Hydrolite 5 is widely used as a solvent and as a plasticizer in the plastics industry.
Hydrolite 5 is also frequently integrated into cleaning products.

Hydrolite 5 has both moisture-binding and antimicrobial properties.
As a dihydric alcohol, in a certain concentration Hydrolite 5 prevents undesirable microorganisms from multiplying.



WHAT ARE THE POSITIVE PROPERTIES OF HYDROLITE 5 IN COSMETICS?
Hydrolite 5 on the other hand, is classified neither as hazardous to health nor as toxic, since the substance cannot be detected in urine or human tissue.
Hydrolite 5 is therefore considered to be harmless.

Thanks to Hydrolite 5's very good tolerability, skin sensitization is also virtually ruled out.
Another immensely important advantage of Hydrolite 5 is that, in contrast to conventional alcohol, it does not have a drying effect even at higher dosages.
Hydrolite 5 also has a positive effect on the stability as well as on the haptic properties of various emulsions by influencing the droplet size.



FUNCTIONS OF HYDROLITE 5:
*Skin conditioning
*Solvent



BENEFITS OF HYDROLITE 5:
*Hydrolite 5 reduces emulsion particle size: helps achieve better stability and improves formulation aesthetics
*Excellent solvent, especially for ingredients that are hard to dissolve
*Aid to enhance bio availability of actives
*Broad spectrum anti-microbial activity: works synergistically with preservatives
*Hydrolite 5 improves water-resistance of sunscreen formulations
*Beneficial for hair care formulations
*Excellent safety profile



MORE THAN 6 SUBSTANTIATED KEY BENEFITS OF HYDROLITE 5:
Hydrolite 5 is challenging the definition of multifunctionality with over 6 key features promoting product efficiency:

1. Efficacy enhancer
2. Moisturizer
3. Haircare performance
4. Formulation esthetics
5. Emulsion stability
6. Product protection

Hydrolite 5 also improves pigment dispersion, helps to get whiter and shinier emulsions, facilitates absorption on to the skin and enhances the efficacy of cooling agents.
All these properties delivered by a molecule stable at a wide pH range (3-12) and at high temperatures.



BENEFITS OF HYDROLITE 5:
· Excellent skin moisturizer
· Reduces emulsion particle size: helps achieve better stability and improves formulation aesthetics
· Works synergistically with preservatives
· Enhances the bioavailability of cosmetic actives
· Improves water-resistance of sunscreen formulations
· Many hair care benefits
· Excellent safety profile



FEATURES OF HYDROLITE 5:
• Plant-derived alkanediol
• Highly moisturizing and has a broad antibacterial spectrum
• Improves pigment dispersion
• Makes emulsion particles smaller
• Non-tacky, humectant, booster
• Excellent solubilizer
• Emulsion stabilizer
• Bioavailability enhancer
• Improves formulation aesthetics



COSMETIC EFFECTS OF HYDROLITE 5:
- enhances the effect of active ingredients
- moisturizes the skin (+ 10% to hydration when adding 3% Hydrolite 5)
- improves the sensory characteristics of formulations
- improves the aesthetics of the final product
- Hydrolite 5 improves the intensity and uniformity of color in decorative cosmetics
- increases the microbiological properties protection
- co-emulsifier
- reduces the stickiness of polymers in the formulation
- creates a velvety light feel in the formulation
- Hydrolite 5 enhances the active effect of the hydrophilic antioxidant carnosine, increasing its bioavailability. (this antioxidant is found, for example, in co2 extract of rosemary or sage
- By reducing the dosage of the active ingredient, Hydrolite 5 helps reduce costs



KEY FEATURES OF HYDROLITE 5:
- 100% bio-based carbon
- COSMOS approved
- Naturalness Index: 1
- Origin: sugar cane
- Using the bagasse (a by-product of sugar production)



CLAIMS OF HYDROLITE 5:
*Antimicrobials
*Moisturizing Agents
*water-resistant / waterproof
*moisturizing
*Thickeners & Stabilizers
*Moisturizing Agents
*protections
*bio/ organic



PROPERTIES OF HYDROLITE 5:
Hydrolite 5 is multifunctional in a cosmetic product, since it: - Improves the skin's ability to retain water by increasing its hydration by 10% (3%, one application to 13 volunteers - hand gel, counting after 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours) -
Hydrolite 5 has antimicrobial properties -

Hydrolite 5 acts as a solvent - Improves the texture of emulsions and stabilizes them by reducing the size of the fat droplets in them.
Hydrolite 5 is stable in cosmetic products whose pH is between 3.0-12.0
Hydrolite 5 remains stable when stored in a closed, light-protected container in a cool, dry place.



FUNCTIONS OF HYDROLITE 5:
*Skin conditioning
*Solvent



DOSAGE OF HYDROLITE 5:
The dosage of Hydrolite 5 may vary depending on the specific formulation of the product.
Hydrolite 5 is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1% to 5% in skin and hair care products.



PRECAUTIONS OF HYDROLITE 5:
Hydrolite 5n is considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's recommended dosage guidelines and perform patch tests before using it on large areas of skin to avoid possible allergic reactions or irritation.



FUNCTIONS OF HYDROLITE 5:
Humectant, antimicrobial, solubilises fragrances, reduces the surface tension of water, improves the antioxidant effect, improves the colour in coloured products, increases the permeability of the skin which makes the active ingredients penetrate better.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HYDROLITE 5:
Molecular Weight: 104.15 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 104.083729621 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 104.083729621 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 37.1

Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Formula: C5H12O2
Molecular Weight: 104.149 g/mol
SMILES: CCCC(O)CO

CAS Number: 5343-92-0
InChI: InChI=1/C5H12O2/c1-2-3-5(7)4-6/h5-7H,2-4H2,1H3
InChI Key: WCVRQHFDJLLWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
MDL Number: MFCD00010736
Density: 0.9710 g/mL
Flash Point: 105°C
Assay Percent Range: 95% min. (GC)
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)2CH(OH)CH2OH
Specific Gravity: 0.971
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: miscible
Physical Form: Liquid

CAS Min %: 96.0
Color: Colorless to Yellow
Boiling Point: 206.0°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Refractive Index: 1.4387 to 1.4407
Beilstein: 01,II,548
IUPAC Name: pentane-1,2-diol
PubChem CID: 93000
Percent Purity: 96%
Chemical Name or Material: 1,2-Pentanediol, 97%



FIRST AID MEASURES of HYDROLITE 5:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HYDROLITE 5:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HYDROLITE 5:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HYDROLITE 5:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HYDROLITE 5:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HYDROLITE 5:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Hydrolite 6 is clear, non-tacky liquid, suitable for sensitive skin.
Hydrolite 6 is a versatile 1,2-Alkanediol.


CAS Number: 6920-22-5
EC Number: 230-029-6
MDL number: MFCD00010737
INCI Name: 1,2-HEXANEDIOL
Chemical Composition: 1,2-alkanediol
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)3CH(OH)CH2OH
Molecular formula: C6H14O2



SYNONYMS:
1,2-Hexanediol, 6920-22-5, hexane-1,2-diol, DL-1,2-Hexanediol, 1,2-Dihydroxyhexane, 5,6-Dihydroxyhexane, dl-hexane-1,2-diol, MFCD00010737, TR046Y3K1G, UNII-TR046Y3K1G, (+/-)-Hexane-1,2-diol, 1,2-Dihydroxyhexane, 1,2-Hexyleneglycol, 5,6-Dihydroxyhexane, DL-1,2-Hexanediol, KMO 6, EINECS 230-029-6, 1,2-Hexylene Glycol, AI3-13210, 1,2-Hexanediol, 98%, EC 230-029-6, SCHEMBL53705, 1,2-HEXANEDIOL, DL, DTXSID40863959, AMY11157, AKOS015915402, CS-W013596, DB14108, DS-7407, PD085650, SY049796, 2,2,6,6-Tetrakis(hydroxymEt)cyclohexanol, H0688, NS00009391, F11270, EN300-1678327, J-800310, W-104641, Q27290177, 1,2-Dihydroxyhexane, 1,2-Hexyleneglycol, 5,6-Dihydroxyhexane, DL-1,2-Hexanediol, Dermasoft Hexiol, DL-hexane-1,2-diol, Purolan® HD-LO



Hydrolite 6 is a colorless liquid with hygroscopic nature.
Hydrolite 6 is ideal for use as an emollient, humectant, and wetting agent in cosmetic and skin care products.
Hydrolite 6 is broad-spectrum, water-soluble, preservative booster.


Hydrolite 6 is good solvent.
Hydrolite 6 is clear, non-tacky liquid, suitable for sensitive skin.
Hydrolite 6 is a versatile 1,2-Alkanediol.


Hydrolite 6 is stable at high, low pH and high temperature.
Hydrolite 6 helps to reduce or eliminate preservatives like parabens, formaldehyde donors or phenoxyethanol.
Hydrolite 6 can be combined with low doses of preservatives like phenoxyethanol & acid based preservatives such as sorbate, benzoate and dehydroacetate, for effective preservation of personal care formulations.


Hydrolite 6 is mild and perfectly suitable for sensitive skin applications.
Hydrolite 6 additionally helps to solubilise lipophilic cosmetic ingredients, improve the sensory profile of formulations, stabilise emulsions (due to its smaller droplet sizes) and enhance product protection.


Hydrolite 6 is a high quality, 100% nature-derived version of 1,2-hexanediol, a liquid multifunctional ingredient for cosmetics.
Hydrolite 6 will moisturize the skin, improve the sensory profile of formulations, stabilize emulsions, help solubilize other ingredients, and enhance product protection.


Hydrolite 6 with good water solubility is compatible with all formulation types.
Hydrolite 6 is a colourless to light yellow liquid with a
characteristic intrinsic odour.


Due to its chemical properties, Hydrolite 6 is readily soluble in water and oil.
Hydrolite 6 is a high purity 1,2-Hexanediol that can be used in personal care formulations not only as a humectant, but also as a safe substitute of traditional preservatives.


Hydrolite 6 has a broad anti-microbial ability with limited endocrine disrupting effect.
Manufacturing of Hydrolite 6 involves processes of reducing the undesirable odor of 1,2-Hexanediol and bringing the purity up to min 99.5%.
Hydrolite 6 is a very famous moisturising agent, being used for its silky touch in baby care.


Hydrolite 6 would also be efficient to increase skin’s moisture content.
Nearly odourless and colourless, Hydrolite 6 is suitable for most cosmetic systems and complies with US, European Union (including Danish), Japanese and Chinese regulations.


Hydrolite 6 stabilizes emulsions and is an excellent solvent.
Hydrolite 6 is suitable for use in the field of oral care.
Hydrolite 6 is a moisturizing agent.


Hydrolite 6 is also known by other names such as hexane-1,2-diol and 1,2-Dihydroxyhexane.
Hydrolite 6 is glycol alcohol (with two hydroxy groups on 1 and 2 positions and six carbon atoms), a multifunctional ingredient used as a solvent, emollient, moisturizing agent, and preservative in skin and hair care applications.


Hydrolite 6 is a clear, colorless hygroscopic liquid with a good humectant effect and spreadability.
Hydrolite 6 is freely soluble in water and can easily be incorporated into formulation.
Hydrolite 6 is nearly odorless.


Hydrolite 6 is an alcohol that belongs to the diol or glycol family.
This organic chemical ingredient, Hydrolite 6, contains two hydroxyl groups (-OH) and six carbon atoms.
Hydrolite 6 functions both as a solvent and a cosurfactant, enhancing the effectiveness of surfactants.


These can act as foaming agents, emulsifiers, detergents, dispersants, and wetting agents in a variety of skincare products.
Hydrolite 6's chemical formula is C6H14O2.
Hydrolite 6 also shows interesting properties to boost the antimicrobial efficacy of many common preservatives.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HYDROLITE 6:
This liquid water-soluble multifunctional ingredient, Hydrolite 6, acts as an emollient, a moisturizer, and a solubilizer, and improves formulation esthetics and sensorial profile.
Hydrolite 6 also helps to protect formulations as it supports the efficacy of cosmetic product protection systems.


Hydrolite 6 is also known for its mildness, which makes it suitable for all skin types, even the most delicate ones.
Hydrolite 6 acts as a multifunctional moisturizer and product protection enhancer.
Hydrolite 6 stabilizes the foam of surfactant solutions.


Hydrolite 6 is compatible with most anionic-, non-ionic & amphoteric cosmetic systems and formulation types.
Hydrolite 6 can go into conventional and green formulations and all formulation types.
Its exceptional mildness makes Hydrolite 6 compatible with all skin types, even the most delicate ones.


Hydrolite 6 represents a family of multifunctionals with particularly robust stability, safety, and versatility.
As product protection enhancers, Hydrolite 6 has become essential components of modern product protection systems.
The industry has used traditional Hydrolite 6 for decades, particularly for product protection.


Hydrolite 6 now enters the cosmetic market as the first completely green variant.
Hydrolite 6 is designed for use in conventional and green formulations and all formulation types.
Hydrolite 6 is a moisture-binding ingredient that has been scientifically proven as beneficial for the skin and hair, according to SpecialChem.


Hydrolite 6 is used in a wide range of products all across the cosmetic industry, such as cleansing and bath products.
Hydrolite 6 meets [quality and sustainability] requirements by combining high purity, multiple benefits and [environmentally] sustainable raw material source.


Hydrolite 6 moisturizes the skin.
Hydrolite 6 helps to solubilize lipophilic cosmetic ingredients.
Hydrolite 6 improves the sensory profile of formulations;


Hydrolite 6 stabilizes emulsions due to smaller droplet sizes and enhances product protection.
Hydrolite 6 can go into all formulation types and is compatible with all skin types.
Hydrolite 6 can be used in conventional and green formulations and all formulation types.


Its exceptional mildness makes Hydrolite 6 compatible with all skin types, even the most delicate ones.
Hydrolite 6 boosts the preservative efficacy of mild organic acids such as potassium sorbate and dehydroacetate, thus making the use of parabens and other controversial preservatives unnecessary.


Hydrolite 6 therefore offers an interesting alternative to manufacturers of skin care products for children, in a context where Danish authorities have banned propyl and butyl paraben in cosmetic products for children under the age of three, and where consumers increasingly favour natural and preservative-free products.


Hydrolite 6 is a synthetic preservative, solvent and moisture-binding agent.
Its primary action as a preservative is against bacteria, not molds or fungi, so Hydrolite 6 would never be used as the sole preservative in a water-based formula.


Because of its low molecular weight chemical structure, Hydrolite 6 is highly water soluble and can also help improve the efficacy of other preservatives.
Hydrolite 6 also has texture-enhancing and wetting properties when used in higher amounts, helping to create smooth-flowing gels and serums.
Usage levels of Hydrolite 6 in cosmetics ranges from 0.5–3%.


Hydrolite 6’s supplied as a colorless liquid.
Hydrolite 6 has been reviewed by the Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety.
The Expert Panel concluded that Hydrolite 6 is safe as used in cosmetics and personal care products.


Hydrolite 6 is considered non-sensitizing.
Hydrolite 6 is one of the most multi-functional ingredients in the cosmetic industry.
Hydrolite 6 is used in skin care, hair care as well as beauty products.


Hydrolite 6 is a great emollient as well as a humectant, that is, it preserves hydration on the skin while also softening it.
Not just this, Hydrolite 6 also acts as a preservative.
Hydrolite 6 prevents bacterial growth in the formulations that it is used in, thus increasing the overall shelf life.


Hydrolite 6 can undergo ruthenium-hydride catalyzed dehydrative coupling with anilines to form substituted indole and quinoline products.
A really multi-functional helper ingredient that can do several things in a skincare product: Hydrolite 6 can bring a soft and pleasant feel to the formula, it can act as a humectant and emollient.


Hydrolite 6 can be a solvent for some other ingredients (for example it can help to stabilize perfumes in watery products) and it can also help to disperse pigments more evenly in makeup products.
And that is still not all: Hydrolite 6 can also boost the antimicrobial activity of preservatives.


Therefore, Hydrolite 6 is suitable in particular for formulations with no or low fragrance content.
Suspending microbial growth, Hydrolite 6 is an ecologically friendly preservative and booster for other preservatives.
Used as an emollient, Hydrolite 6 stabilizes emulsions while helping solubilize other active ingredients.


In decorative cosmetics and anhydrous formulas, Hydrolite 6 is used for pigment wetting, control of viscosity, and stickiness.
Thanks to compatibility with a wide range of ingredients, Hydrolite 6 is readily incorporated into the formulations, working well with surfactants, oils, and violate compounds, improving sensation, consistency, and penetration.


Hydrolite 6 exhibits good compatibility with skin (losest irritation or sensibilization), excellent biological degradation profile, and antioxidant boosting effect.
This diol is found in Hydrolite 6's application in many cleansers, creams, lotions, masks, hair care, and sensitive skin care products.


Hydrolite 6 is a multi-functional ingredient used in the cosmetic industry.
Hydrolite 6 acts as a great humectant, preserving hydration on the skin while also softening it.
Hydrolite 6 also acts as a preservative, preventing bacterial growth in the formulations that it is used in, thus increasing the overall shelf life.


Recent studies have shown that Hydrolite 6 has anti-inflammatory properties, making it an ideal ingredient for those with sensitive or acne-prone skin.
Hydrolite 6's ability to reduce inflammation can help to calm irritated skin and reduce the appearance of redness and blemishes.
Hydrolite 6 acts as cosurfactant, used for modifying the sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles.


Solubility of Hydrolite 6 in supercritical CO2 has been reported.
Hydrolite 6 has a tendency of self-association to form micelle-like aggregates.
Hydrolite 6 can be used in the ruthenium-catalyzed synthesis of oxazolidin-2-ones from urea.



WHAT IS HYDROLITE 6 USED FOR?
Hydrolite 6 is a moisture-binding ingredient that has proven to be beneficial for the skin and hair in more than one way.
Hydrolite 6 is used in a wide range of products all across the cosmetic industry such as cleansing and bath products.

*Skin care:
Hydrolite 6 is an amazing ingredient for extremely dry and flaky skin. Hydrolite 6 holds moisture on the topmost layers of the skin and keeps it hydrated.
This makes Hydrolite 6 a really effective humectant that is used in skin care products such as moisturizers and lotions

*Hair care:
Hydrolite 6 aids in smooth and detangled hair because of the high hydration that it provides.
Hydrolite 6 is a popular choice in hair care products as it can help disperse a lot of hair problems

*Cosmetic products:
Hydrolite 6 acts as a superb preservative - increasing the shelf life of products.
Hydrolite 6 stops bacterial formation in formulations.
Furthermore, Hydrolite 6 is also a solvent that dissolves other ingredients and helps them spread out evenly in the product.



ORIGIN OF HYDROLITE 6:
Hydrolite 6 is a synthetic ingredient that is made up of many chemicals such as diosgenin, chrysin, and alpha-lipoic acid.
These chemicals are good for skin and hair, and impart various beneficial properties to Hydrolite 6 like anti-inflammation and the qualities of a preservative.



WHAT DOES HYDROLITE 6 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emollient
*Hair conditioning
*Humectant
*Preservative
*Smoothing
*Solvent



SAFETY PROFILE OF HYDROLITE 6:
Hydrolite 6 is safe for skin and hair when used in lower concentrations.
A patch test is recommended prior to full application especially for people having highly sensitive skin.



ALTERNATIVES OF HYDROLITE 6:
*PENTYLENE GLYCOL,
*CAPRYLYL GLYCOL



FUNCTIONS OF HYDROLITE 6:
*Skin conditioning :
Hydrolite 6 maintains skin in good condition
*Solvent :
Hydrolite 6 dissolves other substances



CLAIMS OF HYDROLITE 6:
*Antimicrobials
*Moisturizing Agents
*protections
*mildness
*moisturizing



FUNCTIONS OF HYDROLITE 6:
*Humectant
*Emollient
*Solvent
*Preservative booster
*Skin conditioning



BENEFITS OF HYDROLITE 6:
*Hydration



CATEGORIES OF HYDROLITE 6:
*Preservative,
*Humectant,
*Solvent,
*Texture Enhancer



HYDROLITE 6 AT A GLANCE:
*Synthetic multi-tasking ingredient
*Works as a preservative, solvent, humectant, and texture enhancer
*Active against bacteria, not molds or fungi
*Considered non-sensitizing in amounts used in cosmetics



FUNCTIONS OF HYDROLITE 6 IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SKIN CONDITIONING
Hydrolite 6 maintains the skin in good condition

*SOLVENT
Hydrolite 6 dissolves other substances



ADVANTAGES OF HYDROLITE 6:
Hydrolite 6 offers numerous advantages
— The industry has used traditional Hydrolite 6 for decades, particularly for product protection.
— Hydrolite 6 now enters the cosmetic market as the first completely green variant.
— Hydrolite 6 comes with the following characteristics:
— Efficiently moisturizes the skin
— Helps to solubilize lipophilic cosmetic ingredients
— Improves the sensory profile of formulations
— Stabilizes emulsions due to smaller droplet sizes
— Enhances product protection



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HYDROLITE 6:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.95100 @ 25.00 °C
Refractive Index: 1.44200 @ 20.00 °C
Boiling Point: 223.00 to 224.00 °C @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.019000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C (est)
Flash Point: > 230.00 °F TCC (> 110.00 °C)
logP (o/w): 0.520 (est)
Shelf Life: 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly
Storage: store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers,
protected from heat and light

Soluble in: alcohol, water, water, 2.617e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
CAS Number: 6920-22-5
Molecular Weight: 118.17
Beilstein: 1719244
EC Number: 230-029-6
MDL number: MFCD00010737
Boiling Point: 223-224 °C
Melting Point: 2.0 °C
Solubility: Miscible in water
Molecular Weight: 118.17 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 0.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2

Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 118.099379685 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 118.099379685 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 45.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID MEASURES of HYDROLITE 6:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HYDROLITE 6:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HYDROLITE 6:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HYDROLITE 6:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HYDROLITE 6:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HYDROLITE 6:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Hydrolite CG has good moisturizing properties.
Hydrolite CG also supports the efficacy of cosmetic preservative systems.


CAS Number : 1117-86-8
EC Number: 214-254-7
MDL number: MFCD00010738
INCI Name: Caprylyl Glycol
Chemical Composition: 1,2-Octandiol
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)5CH(OH)CH2OH
Molecular formula: C8H18O2



SYNONYMS:
1,2-OCTANEDIOL, 1117-86-8, octane-1,2-diol, 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane, caprylyl glycol, 1,2-Octylene glycol, DTXSID9036646, CHEBI:34056, 00YIU5438U, MFCD00010738, NSC-71546, Dermosoft Octiol, LexGard O, CAPRYL GLYCOL, UNII-00YIU5438U, EINECS 214-254-7, NSC 71546, JEECIDE CAP, ORISTAR CPG, racemic 1,2-octanediol, AI3-13058, 1,2-Octanediol, 98%, EC 214-254-7, NCIOpen2_000498, SCHEMBL62856, CHEMBL3186864, DTXCID7016646, 1,2-OCTANEDIOL [WHO-DD], BCP32882, NSC71546, Tox21_301019, LMFA05000089, (+/-)-OCTANE-1,2-DIOL, AKOS015837551, 1,2-Octylene glycol;Octane-1,2-diol, CS-W018222, DB14589, SB45338, NCGC00248257-01, NCGC00254921-01, AS-17606, SY031445, CAS-1117-86-8, DB-027314, NS00010217, O0277, F21409, O-0990, 1,2-Octanediol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, A802412, J-640303, J-660007, Q27115777, 1,2-DIHYDROXYOCTANE, 1,2-OCTANEDIOL, Octane-1,2-diol, (R,S)-Octane-1,2-diol, 1,2-0ctanediol, 1,2-Octandiol, 1,2-Octylene glycol, 1,2-Octyleneglycol, 7,8-Dihydroxyoctane, n-Octane-1,2-diol, octane-1, R,S-Octane-1,2-diol, 1,2-Octanediol (NODiol), CAPRYLYL GLYCOL, 1,2-OCTANEDIOL, 98+%, Octan-1,2-diol, 1,2-Octanediol, GC 98%, 1,2-OCTANEDIOL 96+%, 1,2-OCTANEDIOL 98.5%, 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane, 1,2-Octylene glycol, octane-1,2-diol, CAPRYLYL GLYCOL,Octane-1,2-diol,1,2-DIHYDROXYOCTANE,octane-1,,1,2-Octandiol,Octan-1,2-diol,1,2-OCTANEDIOL,1,2-OCLanediol,1,2-0ctanediol,n-Octane-1,2-diol, Octane-1,2-diol, 1,2-Octanediol, Caprylyl glycol, Glycol caprylyl, 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane, 1,2-Octylene glycol,



Hydrolite CG, 1,2-Octanediol, is a multi-functional moisturizing ingredient.
Hydrolite CG supports the efficacy of cosmetic preservative systems while reducing and/or eliminating the need for parabens, isothiazolinones and Phenoxyethanol.


Hydrolite CG is a multifunctional ingredient that acts as an emollient, a moisturizer, a pigment dispersant, and a viscosity regulator.
Hydrolite CG also helps to protect formulations as it supports the efficacy of cosmetic product protection systems.
Hydrolite CG is 1,2-Octandiol, a multi-functional moisturizing
ingredient.


Hydrolite CG is a cosmetic Raw Material.
This new grade of caprylyl glycol offers all the properties, benefits, and high quality of the synthetic grade, Hydrolite CG with a greater degree of sustainability due to its 100% biobased sourcing.


Hydrolite CG has good moisturizing properties.
Hydrolite CG also supports the efficacy of cosmetic preservative systems.
Hydrolite CG is used hair and skin cosmetics


Hydrolite CG brings many benefits for formulations, such as moisturising as well as antioxidant properties and achieve full product protection by maintaining the microbiome.
Hydrolite CG is a excellent preservative booster


Hydrolite CG combines well with low levels of preservatives for broad-spectrum protection
Hydrolite CG is excellent for emulsion and anhydrous products
Hydrolite CG is stable at high/low pH and high temperature.


Hydrolite CG helps reduce or eliminate preservatives like parabens, formaldehyde donors or phenoxyethanol.
Hydrolite CG can be combined with low doses of preservatives like phenoxyethanol and acid-based preservatives like sorbate, benzoate and dehydroacetate for effective preservation of personal care formulations.


Hydrolite CG is 100% biodegradable and GMO-free.
Hydrolite CG is Halal and Kosher certified.
Hydrolite CG is a colorless to white low melting solid.


Hydrolite CG is a potential pediculicide and is useful for treating head louse infestation clinically.
Hydrolite CG is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Hydrolite CG is a compound used in preparation of halohydrin palmitates.
Hydrolite CG, also known as caprylyl glycol, is a diol with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)5CHOHCH2OH.
Hydrolite CG is an octanediol.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HYDROLITE CG:
Hydrolite CG is also used in coating materials, slurries, paper mills and water circulation systems for the effective preservation against bacteria and fungi.
Hydrolite CG is used as an emollient, humectant, and wetting agent in cosmetic and skin care products.


Hydrolite CG is an emollient with moisturizing properties that may also be used as a cosmetic stabilizer.
When found in combination with phenoxyethanol these two ingredients work together as an anti-microbial.
Hydrolite CG is a novel surfactant used in the treatment of head louse.


Hydrolite CG is also used in the cosmetics industry in the formulations of sunscreen gels and eye make-up.
Hydrolite CG has a variety of applications.
Hydrolite CG is used to improve HPLC separation of organic acids and bases and to synthesize halohydrin palmitates.


Additionally, Hydrolite CG is studied for its potential use as a pediculicide and has been shown to be effective against louse infestations.
Hydrolite CG is a common component of many creams and ointments, where it is used as a skin conditioning agent.
Hydrolite CG is also noted to have some antimicrobial (preserving) ability.


Hydrolite CG is used in cosmetics, moisturizer with antibacterial activity.
Hydrolite CG is used in bath and shampoo products, with thickening and foam stabilizing effects.
Hydrolite CG was used as organic modifier to improve the HPLC separation of organic acids and bases.


Hydrolite CG was also used in preparation of halohydrin palmitates.
Hydrolite CG is categorized as a diol and aliphatic alcohol, indicating its origin from a hydrocarbon.
Hydrolite CG plays a role in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including polyurethanes, polyesters, and polyamides.


Hydrolite CG is a compound used in preparation of halohydrin palmitates.
Hydrolite CG is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, pharmaceuticals, perfumes and fragrances, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and laboratory chemicals.


Hydrolite CG is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and .
Other release to the environment of Hydrolite CG is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Hydrolite CG is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, pharmaceuticals, perfumes and fragrances and inks and toners.


Release to the environment of Hydrolite CG can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Hydrolite CG is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products and pharmaceuticals.
Hydrolite CG is used in the following areas: health services.


Hydrolite CG is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Hydrolite CG can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).


Hydrolite CG is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Hydrolite CG is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, cosmetics and personal care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), perfumes and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, air care products and polishes and waxes.


Release to the environment of Hydrolite CG can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Other release to the environment of Hydrolite CG is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.
Hydrolite CG is recommended for hair and skin care applications.


Hydrolite CG also helps to protect formulations as it supports the efficacy of cosmetic product protection systems.
Hydrolite CG supports the efficacy of cosmetic preservative systems while reducing and/or eliminating the need for parabens, isothiazolinones and Phenoxyethanol.


Cosmetic Uses of Hydrolite CG: hair conditioning, humectants, skin conditioning, and skin conditioning - emollient.
Hydrolite CG is 1,2-Octandiol, a multifunctional ingredient, that acts as an emollient and a moisturizer.
Hydrolite CG also helps to protect formulations as it supports the efficacy of cosmetic product protection systems.


Hydrolite CG acts as a multifunctional moisturizer and product protection enhancer.
Hydrolite CG can also create a better sensorial experience of formulations, improve pigment dispersions, and add wetting properties.
Hydrolite CG is compatible with most anionic, non-ionic, and amphoteric cosmetic systems and most formulation types.


-Application of Hydrolite CG:
Diols contribute to high water solubility, hygroscopicity and reactivity with many organic compounds, on usually linear and aliphatic carbon chain.
Hydrolite CG, linear diol containing two primary hydroxyl groups, has bacteriostatic and bacteriacidal properties which are useful in cosmetics as a preservative.



PROPERTIES OF HYDROLITE CG:
Hydration: +15% vs untreated skin after 4hours (in vivo)
• Respects skin microbiome
• Co-wetting properties: improves the dispersion of pigments
• Product protection enhancer
• Suitable for oral care
• Colorless to white, liquid to solid, slight characteristic odor
• Water soluble
• Dosage: up to 2%
• pH of use: 3 to 12
• Up to 100°C



CLAIMS OF HYDROLITE CG:
*Moisturizing Agents
*Antimicrobials
*sensory enhancement
*protections
*moisturizing



PRODUCTION METHODS OF HYDROLITE CG:
Hydrolite CG could be obtained by epoxidation of 1-olefin with performic acid, a reaction product of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid, hydroxylation with water, or transesterification of ester produced by side reaction with methanol.



PURIFICATION METHODS OF HYDROLITE CG:
Distil the diol in vacuo and/or recrystallise it from pet ether.
The -naphthylurethane has m 112-114o.
S-(-)-Octane-1,2-diol [87720-91-0] also crystallises from pet ether with m 35-37o and D -4.7o (c 35, EtOH); R-(+)-octane-1,2-diol [87720-90-9] has similar properties but with a positive optical rotation.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HYDROLITE CG:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 36.00 to 38.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 243.00 to 244.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Boiling Point: 131.00 to 133.00 °C. @ 10.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.006000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 228.00 °F. TCC (109.10 °C.) (est)
logP (o/w): 1.539 (est)
Soluble in:
alcohol
water, 2933 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in: water
Molecular Weight: 146.23 g/mol

XLogP3: 1.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 146.130679813 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 146.130679813 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 64.3
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C8H18O2 = 146.23
Physical State (20 °C): Solid
Storage Temperature: Room Temperature
(Recommended in a cool and dark place, CAS RN: 1117-86-8
Reaxys Registry Number: 1719619
PubChem Substance ID: 87574263
MDL Number: MFCD00010738

CBNumber: CB8747116
Molecular Formula: C8H18O2
Molecular Weight: 146.23
MDL Number: MFCD00010738
MOL File: 1117-86-8.mol
Melting Point: 36-38 °C (lit.)
Boiling Point: 131-132 °C @ 10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.914
Vapor Density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor Pressure: 0.28 Pa at 25 °C
Refractive Index: 1.4505 (estimate)
Flash Point: >230 °F

Storage Temp.: Sealed in dry, Room Temperature
Solubility: 3 g/L (20 °C)
pKa: 14.60 ± 0.10 (Predicted)
Form: Low Melting Solid
Color: Colorless to white
Water Solubility: 3 g/L (20 °C)
BRN: 1719619
LogP: 2.1 at 25 °C
CAS Database Reference: 1117-86-8 (CAS Database Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 00YIU5438U
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,2-Octanediol (1117-86-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: 1,2-Octanediol (1117-86-8)

CAS: 1117-86-8
Formula: C8H18O2
Molecular Weight: 146.23 g/mol
Quantity: 1X250MG
Storage Conditions: 20 °C
Chemical Formula: C8H18O2
Molar Mass: 146.227 g/mol
Appearance: White semi-solid
Melting Point: 30 to 35 °C (86 to 95 °F; 303 to 308 K)
Boiling Point: 140 °C (284 °F; 413 K) at 16 mmHg
CAS Number: 1117-86-8
Synonyms: octane-1,2-diol
Molecular Form: C8H18O2

Appearance: NA
Mol. Weight: 146.23
Storage: 2-8 °C Refrigerator
Chemical Name: 1,2-Octanediol / Octane-1,2-diol / Caprylyl Glycol
CAS No.: 1117-86-8
Molecular Formula: C8H18O2
Molecular Weight: 146.23
Appearance: Colorless liquid or white solid
Assay: 98% (min)
Melting Point: 36-38 °C
CAS Number: 1117-86-8
Molecular Weight: 146.227
Density: 0.9 ± 0.1 g/cm³

Boiling Point: 243.0 ± 8.0 °C @ 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula: C8H18O2
Melting Point: 36-38 °C (lit.)
Molecular Formula: C8H18O2
Molecular Weight: 146.227
Flash Point: 109.1 ± 13.0 °C
Exact Mass: 146.130676
PSA: 40.46000
LogP: 1.32
Vapor Density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor Pressure: 0.0 ± 1.1 mmHg @ 25 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.453
Water Solubility: 3 g/L (20 °C)



FIRST AID MEASURES of HYDROLITE CG:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HYDROLITE CG:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HYDROLITE CG:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HYDROLITE CG:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HYDROLITE CG:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HYDROLITE CG:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Hydrolized Keratin is a large protein molecule that breaks down to penetrate the hair cuticle after a chemical treatment.
Hydrolized keratin is a fibrous structural protein found in hair, skin, nails, and other epidermal tissues in humans and animals.
Hydrolized keratin can be used as an effective ingredient to produce odor-removing and deodorizing composition.

CAS Number: 69430-36-0
Molecular Formula: C2H2BrClO2
Molecular Weight: 173.39308
EINECS Number: 274-001-1

Hydrolized keratin is a hydrolysate of keratin protein derived from acid, enzyme, and other method of hydrolysis, which has been applied in many areas including feed and food industry, pharmacy, fertilizers, pesticides, environmental protection, leather industry, and cosmetics.
Specifically, Hydrolized keratin can be mixed with polyamide 6 blend to prepare nanofibres for adsorption of chromium (Ⅵ).
Moreover, Hydrolized keratin may act as an effective component to fabricate shampoo, bath, and shower gel.

Besides, Hydrolized keratin has been demonstrated to function as an useful agent for hair fixatives.
Hydrolized Keratin results from a larger keratin molecule.
Hydrolized Keratin is broken down by cleavage of its bond with the addition of hydrogen and hydroxide (water).

Hydrolized Keratin is a cosmetic and hair care ingredient derived from natural sources, primarily animal keratin.
Hydrolized keratin is known for its role in providing strength, flexibility, and resilience to these tissues.

Hydrolized Keratin is produced naturally in the body, just like biotin.
Hydrolized Keratin, a water-soluble vitamin, aids in the metabolism of the protein that forms the basis of keratin.
Hydrolized Keratin reduces frizz, flaking and breakage.

Hydrolized Keratin increases smoothness and elasticity with its moisture binding property.
Essentially, Hydrolized Keratin helps rebuild hair's natural protective layer from the inside by increasing the diameter of each strand.
This gives a fuller appearance and replaces lost protein.

When hair treatments contain broken down or Hydrolized Keratin it creates a protective barrier in the hair and it also gives shine.
Hydrolized Keratin also works on the skin and restores moisture and improves skin elasticity.
The moisturizing properties of Hydrolized Keratin make shampoos and conditioners containing Hydrolized Keratin the preferred choice for those with brittle, dry or limp hair.

Hydrolized Keratin is essentially a large protein molecule that has gone through a chemical process that is broken down in a way that allows it to penetrate the hair cuticle.
Hydrolized Keratin is most popularly derived from wool protein, silk protein, or vegan wheat protein.
Hydrolized Keratin is a skin, hair, and nail conditioning ingredient used in a variety of cosmetics.

Hydrolized Keratin is a derivative of the protein keratin created by the process of hydrolysis, where an ingredient is transformed, usually by an enzyme or acid.
Hydrolized Keratin is the primary protein in skin and hair.
Like keratin itself, Hydrolized Keratin is considered a highly biocompatible ingredient and is derived from biological waste products such as hair, wool, horns, or feathers, making it a non-vegan ingredient.

Hydrolized Keratin contains a high number of amino acids and is considered a very good ingredient for softening and strengthening hair, skin, and nails.Hydrolized Keratin can come in either liquid or powder form and has a white (in powder form) or clear color (when in liquid form).
It has been ruled safe as used in cosmetics, where its maximum rate of usage is 5% in hair styling products.
Hydrolized Keratin is a skin, hair, and nail conditioning ingredient used in a variety of cosmetics.

Hydrolized Keratin is a derivative of the protein keratin created by the process of hydrolysis, where an ingredient is transformed, usually by an enzyme or acid.
Hydrolized Keratin is the primary protein in skin and hair.
Hydrolized Keratin contains a high number of amino acids and is considered a very good ingredient for softening and strengthening hair, skin, and nails.

Hydrolized Keratin can come in either liquid or powder form and has a white (in powder form) or clear color (when in liquid form).
Hydrolized Keratin has been ruled safe as used in cosmetics, where its maximum rate of usage is 5% in hair styling products.
Hydrolized Keratin is a large protein molecule that is broken down after a chemical process in a manner such that it can penetrate the hair cuticle.

Hydrolized Keratin is sourced from a larger keratin molecule.
Hydrolized Keratin is broken down by splitting its bond with the addition of hydrogen and hydroxide (water).
At the end of the chemical process, the Hydrolized Keratin is reduced into smaller fragments that the hair can absorb, thanks to its lower molecular weight.

Hydrolized Keratin Protein is carefully monitored during its manufacture to ensure the lowest possible odor and a low ash.
It is particularly useful for treating hair that has been damaged due to permanent waving and bleaching.
Hydrolized Keratin is a highly specialized fibrous protein, derived from sheep's wool and is naturally found in hair and nails.

Adding Hydrolized Keratin Protein to formulas not only protects the hair, but also increases the amount of cystine available to the hair, minimizing damage and increasing tensile strength.
It is recommended for application in hair care products and skin treatment products.
Hydrolized Keratin is a compound that can reverse the damage done to keratin.

Hydrolized Keratin is found in many hair care products and helps rejuvenate, strengthen, and moisturize the hair.
In addition, this protein increases the smoothness of the hair.
Hydrolyzed protein can repair and condition damaged hair.

These protein hydrolysates strengthen hair fibers and reduce hair breakage.
Protein hydrolysates are often added to hair coloring products for even color absorption.
Hydrolyzed protein protects the hair from the damaging effects of permanent bleaching, waving, and straightening products.

Hydrolized Keratin improves the texture and natural structure of the hair and forms a protective coating to shield the strands.
Hydrolized Keratin, also known as Hydrolized Keratin protein, is a cosmetic and hair care ingredient derived from natural sources, primarily animal keratin.

Keratin is a fibrous structural protein found in various tissues, including hair, skin, nails, feathers, and horns.
Hydrolized Keratin plays a crucial role in providing strength, flexibility, and resilience to these tissues.

The hydrolyzed form of keratin is created through a chemical process called hydrolysis, in which the long and complex keratin protein chains are broken down into smaller, more soluble fragments.
This process makes Hydrolized Keratin suitable for use in cosmetic and hair care products.
Hydrolized Keratin is a common ingredient in hair care products, such as shampoos, conditioners, hair masks, and hair treatments.

Hydrolized Keratin is valued for its potential benefits for hair health and appearance.
Hydrolized Keratin Protein is a clear amber liquid popularly derived from wool protein.
Keratin is a structural protein that connects epithelial (skin) cells together and protects them from environmental damage.

Hydrolized Keratin is the perfect choice to tame unruly hair and make it more manageable.
Because hair is made of keratin, Hydrolized Keratin is one of the best proteins to treat heavily manipulated or damaged hair.
Usually, when the hair is exposed to chemical treatments, the amino acid cysteine breaks down, causing the hair to become weak and damaged.

Hydrolized Keratin increases cysteine content, which increases tensile strength and minimizes damage.
Hydrolized Keratin also increases volume, strengthens your hair and restores shine.
Hydrolized Keratin is a protein that makes up our hair, skin and nails.

Hydrolized Keratin is a compound that can reverse damage to keratin.
Hydrolized Keratin is found in many hair care products and helps rejuvenate, strengthen and moisturize hair.
In addition, this protein increases the smoothness of the hair.

Hydrolized Keratin is obtained from the nails, wool and horns of animals.
Hydrolized Keratin is a large protein molecule and is broken down or "hydrolyzed" into smaller molecules through enzymatic hydrolysis.
Smaller or hydrolyzed molecules have a lower molecular weight and penetrate the hair follicles, strengthening the hair structure.

Hydrolized Keratin has a similar amino acid structure to keratin naturally produced in humans.
Studies show that Hydrolized Keratin can repair and condition damaged hair.
These protein hydrolysates strengthen hair fibers and reduce hair breakage.

Protein hydrolysates are often added to hair coloring products for even color absorption.
Hydrolized Keratin protects hair from the harmful effects of permanent bleaching, waving and straightening products.
Hydrolized Keratin improves the texture and natural structure of the hair and creates a protective coating to protect the hair strands.

Hydrolized Keratin increases the moisture and elasticity of the hair and protects the hair against heat and photo-damage.
Hydrolized Keratin maintains the water content in the cortex by binding to amino acid residues produced by hair proteins.
Research shows that Hydrolized Keratin can help promote hair growth.

Hydrolized Keratin protects hair from chemical and environmental aggressors to prevent hair damage
Hydrolized Keratin also helps seal hair cuticles.
This minimizes frizz and prevents flyaway.

Amino acids from Hydrolized Keratin neutralize the negative electrical charge in the hair, eliminating frizz and friction.
Hydrolized Keratin is a protein originally derived from wool.
Hydrolized Keratin is most often used in hair care and skin care products.

The hydrolysis process allows the keratin particles to be more easily absorbed by the skin or hair, making it an ideal ingredient for deep conditioning treatments.
This form of keratin provides essential proteins for restoring and maintaining healthy skin and hair.
Hydrolized Keratin has an amino acid structure similar to natural human hair.

Hydrolized Keratin is known to increase the tensile strength of damaged hair.
Hydrolized Keratin is essentially a large protein molecule that has undergone a chemical process and is broken down to penetrate the hair cuticle.
Hydrolized Keratin is most commonly derived from wool protein, silk protein or vegan wheat protein.

Hydrolized Keratin is an ingredient used to improve hair strength, elasticity and shine.
Hydrolized Keratin can help boost naturally occurring keratin levels in hair follicles, helping to protect hair from damage from outside sources such as heat styling or exposure to harsh chemicals.
Hydrolized Keratin can help nourish and protect the hair follicle while improving texture as it seals in moisture in the hair.

Boiling Point: 215.0 °C
Melting Point: 31.5 °C
Flash Point: 230 °F
Density: 1.9848 g/cu cm
LogP3-AA: 1.3
Exact Mass: 171.89267
Monoisotopic Mass: 171.89267
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Physical Description: Crystalline compound
Vapor Pressure: 1.4X10-1 mm Hg
Chemical Classes: Other Classes -> Organic Acids
Odor: Characteristic
EWG's Food Scores: 1-2

Hydrolized Keratin is essentially a large protein molecule that has gone through a chemical process that is broken down in a way that allows it to penetrate the hair cuticle.
Hydrolized Keratin moisturizes and conditions both skin and hair and also forms a film when used on the skin or nails.
Hydrolized Keratin is put through a hydrolysate process which makes the keratin stronger.

Hydrolized Keratin also does not penetrate the hair shaft.
It acts as a film-forming ingredient, creating a protective coating on the hair.
This also helps to increase the shininess of the hair.

Hydrolized Keratin Protein is a highly specialized fibrous protein found in hair, feathers, wool and nails.
Hydrolized Keratin increases hair's moisture content, restores shine and fullness, and improves manageability.
Hydrolized Keratin differs from other proteins in that it is rich in cysteine (a sulfur-containing amino acid), which gives keratin its unique strength and protective quality.

Hydrolized Keratin is very useful in any hair and skin care formulation, as it is the essential component of skin and hair.
The Hydrolized Keratin protein, which is an important protein of the hair, can be easily absorbed by the hair thanks to the hydrolysis (hydrolysis) process.
Hydrolized Keratin can both protect and repair hair condition.

Hydrolized Keratin is used on hair that has been damaged by chemicals or heat, such as dye or perm, to help hair return to the strong, moist and shiny it was before.
Hydrolized Keratin is used on permed hair to help your hair look more beautiful.
This is because the polypeptide strands are absorbed by the hair, making the hair peptide bind more tightly.

Hydrolized Keratin preserves and strengthens the health and youthfulness of hair and nails: hair becomes shinier, less brittle, hair loss slows down, nails become more flexible.
Hydrolized Keratin strengthens, softens and makes the skin more supple by protecting it from free radicals.
Hydrolized Keratin is used in nail care products.

Hydrolized Keratin can help strengthen the hair shaft, improving its resistance to breakage and damage.
Hydrolized Keratin has the ability to attract and retain moisture, which can help keep the hair hydrated and reduce frizz.
Hydrolized Keratin can contribute to smoother hair cuticles, which can result in shinier and more manageable hair.

Hydrolized Keratin may assist in repairing damaged hair, particularly hair that has been exposed to heat styling, chemical treatments, or environmental stressors.
Some products containing Hydrolized Keratin claim to enhance hair volume and thickness.
Hydrolized Keratin can help reduce frizz and improve the overall texture of the hair.

Hydrolized Keratin, which is also used in anti-aging care products
Hydrolized Keratin undergoes a hydrosolate treatment that makes the keratin stronger.
Hydrolized Keratin also does not penetrate the hair shaft.

Hydrolized Keratin acts as a film-forming ingredient that creates a protective coating on the hair.
This also helps to increase the shine of the hair.
Hydrolized Keratin provides moisturizing benefits for both hair and skin.

Hydrolized Keratin is used in shampoo, conditioner, care (hair), rinse, styling, body wash, body lotion, care (body), cleanser, toner, facial moisturizer, care (face), make-up foundation, mascara, lipstick, coloring. cosmetics.
Fine, porous, damaged and chemically treated hair will get the most benefit from Hydrolized Keratin.
Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein reduces the porosity of the hair and strengthens it from the inside, making your hair healthier, shinier and easier to style.

Hydrolized Keratin increases your hair's ability to absorb and retain moisture.
Hydrolized Keratin helps reduce breakage, eliminates frizz and tangles, and makes your hair look fuller.
Hydrolized Keratin Protein is a highly specialized fibrous protein found in hair, feather, wool and nails.

Hydrolized Keratin increases the moisture content of the hair restoring luster, body and increasing manageability.
Hydrolized Keratin is distinct from other proteins in that it is rich in cysteine (a sulfur-containing amino acid) giving keratin a unique strength and protective quality.
Chemical processes such as coloring, straightening, and relaxation, as well as exposure to heat and UV rays, can damage hair and leave it weak and lackluster.

Hydrolized Keratin is compatible with a wide range of other cosmetic ingredients commonly found in hair care formulations.
Hydrolized Keratin can be incorporated into shampoos, conditioners, serums, masks, and styling products to provide various benefits to the hair.
Hydrolized Keratin can be derived from various sources, including animal keratin (such as feathers, hooves, and horns), human hair, and plant-based sources.

The source of the Hydrolized Keratin can affect the properties and labeling of the product.
Hydrolized Keratin may specify the source on their labels.
Hydrolized Keratin is available in different forms, including liquid solutions, powders, and serums.

The choice of form depends on the product's intended use and formulation requirements.
Hydrolized Keratin is suitable for various hair types, from straight to curly, and can benefit both natural and chemically-treated hair.
It is often used in products designed for damaged or frizzy hair.

Some hair care products containing Hydrolized Keratin claim to provide heat protection when using hot styling tools like hair straighteners or curling irons.
This can help reduce heat-related damage to the hair.
With regular use, Hydrolized Keratin-containing products may contribute to the long-term improvement of hair health and appearance.

However, individual results can vary, and it's important to maintain a consistent hair care routine.
Hydrolized Keratin can help extend the longevity of hair color treatments by sealing the hair cuticle and preventing color fading caused by washing and environmental factors.

Hydrolized Keratin is often used in products designed to improve the texture and manageability of the hair, making it easier to style and reducing tangles.
Hydrolized Keratin is considered a protein-based ingredient, and it is sometimes included in products marketed as "protein treatments" or "reparative treatments" for damaged hair.

Uses
Hydrolized Keratin should be mixed with your moisturizing conditioner and used as a deep conditioner or protein treatment, depending on the porosity level of your hair.
Hydrolized Keratin is a multifunctional cosmetic ingredient used in personal care products to strengthen, repair and maintain hair health.
Hydrolized Keratin keeps hair strands moist for longer.

Amino acid-cysteine is broken down in damaged hair, which causes the hair to become damaged and brittle.
Hydrolized Keratin repairs damaged strands by increasing the cysteine content in the hair shaft.
Hydrolized Keratin softens dry and frizzy hair, making it more manageable.

Hydrolized Keratin creates a thin protective film on the hair, adding shine to the hair strands.
Hydrolized Keratin softens hair and increases its elasticity, preventing breakage and split ends.
Hydrolized Keratin is an important ingredient used in a variety of hair and skin care items, ranging from shampoos and conditioners to sunscreen lotions.

Hydrolized Keratin is used in shampoo, conditioner, treatment (hair), leave-in, styling, body wash, body lotion, treatment (body), cleanser, toner, facial moisturizer, treatment (face), makeup foundation, mascara, lipstick, color cosmetics.
Hydrolized Keratin is often included in shampoos to help strengthen hair, improve its resilience, and reduce breakage.
Hydrolized Keratin may also contribute to smoother and more manageable hair.

In conditioners, Hydrolized Keratin can provide moisturizing benefits, reduce frizz, and enhance the shine of the hair.
Hydrolized Keratin may help repair damaged hair and improve its overall texture.
Hydrolized Keratin is a common ingredient in hair masks and treatment products designed to provide deep conditioning and repair for damaged or stressed hair.

Hydrolized Keratints often target issues like split ends and breakage.
Some styling products, such as serums and leave-in conditioners, contain Hydrolized Keratin to provide additional protection against heat damage from styling tools and to improve the manageability of the hair.
Hydrolized Keratin can help maintain and protect hair color by sealing the hair cuticle and reducing color fading caused by washing and exposure to UV radiation.

Hair serums containing Hydrolized Keratin are used to reduce frizz, enhance shine, and provide a smooth and polished finish to the hair.
Hydrolized Keratin is often included in products marketed as protein treatments or reparative treatments for damaged hair.
These treatments aim to strengthen and revitalize weakened or chemically-treated hair.

Some hair growth products may include Hydrolized Keratin as an ingredient to promote healthier hair growth and reduce hair loss.
Hydrolized Keratin treatments, commonly known as "keratin hair treatments" or "Brazilian blowouts," are offered as salon services.
These treatments are designed to reduce frizz, improve hair texture, and provide long-lasting smoothness to the hair.

Besides hair care products, Hydrolized Keratin may also be found in certain skincare products, such as creams and lotions, where it is used to improve skin texture and hydration.
Hydrolized Keratin can be included in hair volumizing products to provide a fuller and thicker appearance to fine or thinning hair.
Some intensive hair repair and reconstruction treatments contain high concentrations of Hydrolized Keratin to address severe damage and restore the hair's health.

Hydrolized Keratin is used in products designed for curly and textured hair to help define curls, reduce frizz, and enhance the natural pattern of the hair.
Heat protectant sprays and hair serums may contain Hydrolized Keratin to shield the hair from damage caused by heat styling tools like hair dryers and flat irons.
Hydrolized Keratin can be included in daily hair care products as a preventative measure to maintain the overall health and strength of the hair, even before signs of damage become noticeable.

Leave-in conditioners often contain Hydrolized Keratin to provide continuous moisture and protection throughout the day, making hair more manageable and reducing tangles.
Hydrolized Keratin can be found in both conventional and natural or organic hair care products, catering to consumers with various preferences.
Some hair primers or styling primers include Hydrolized Keratin to create a smooth base for styling and to enhance the longevity of the desired hairstyle.

Hydrolized Keratin is integrated into daily hair care regimens to help maintain the health and appearance of the hair, addressing issues like dryness, brittleness, and dullness.
Hydrolized Keratin is a key ingredient in products specifically marketed for strengthening and fortifying hair, particularly for individuals with weak or fragile hair.

Hydrolized Keratin is commonly found in products aimed at reducing frizz and promoting smoother, sleeker hair.
Some hair oil treatments incorporate Hydrolized Keratin to nourish and protect the hair while providing a luxurious feel and shine.

Safety Profile
While allergic reactions to Hydrolized Keratin are rare, they can occur in individuals who are sensitive or allergic to certain protein-based ingredients.
Hydrolized Keratin's advisable to perform a patch test before using a product containing Hydrolized Keratin, especially if you have a history of skin allergies.

Products containing Hydrolized Keratin, like other cosmetic products, may cause eye and skin irritation if they come into direct contact with these areas.
In case of contact, rinse with plenty of water and seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Although the risk is low, inhaling aerosolized particles or vapors from certain hair care products containing Hydrolized Keratin may cause minor respiratory irritation in some individuals.
Besides Hydrolized Keratin, cosmetic and hair care products may contain other ingredients that individuals could be sensitive or allergic to.
Always check product labels for a full list of ingredients and discontinue use if you experience any adverse reactions.

Synonyms
Hydrolyzed animal keratin
69430-36-0
Hydrolized Keratin
Keratin, hydrolyzed
Keratins, hydrolyzates
Cattle hair
EINECS 274-001-1
Keratin hydrolyzate
Keratins, cattle horn, saponified and neutralized

Hydrolized rice protein extracted from sustainable, non-GMO rice bran, is a water soluble, cosmetic grade vegetable protein that is rich in amino acids beneficial to hair and skin.
Hydrolized rice protein, known for being a mild material, is often used by allergy-prone or sensitive individuals.
Hydrolized rice protein appears as a fine powder that is typically white or off-white in color.

CAS Number: 156715-40-1

Hydrolized rice protein is one of mankind's most ancient and valued sources of nutrients.
Hydrolized rice protein is naturally gluten-free.
Hydrolyzed rice protein is a derivative of rice protein that has undergone a process called hydrolysis.

During hydrolysis, larger protein molecules are broken down into smaller peptides or amino acids by the action of enzymes or acid.
This process results in a protein that is easier for the body to absorb and use.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein has been shown to significantly increase total hair volume by up to 32%.

Hydrolized rice protein also adds natural shine and highlights to the hair.
By increasing the ability of the hair and skin to bind moisture, it leads to increased flexibility and tensile strength.
On the skin, the increased moisture retention creates a more hydrated and elastic surface.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is an effective anti-irritant and leaves a smooth, dry feel on the skin.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is a protein-rich cosmetic ingredient that offers a range of different benefits for hair and skin.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein has excellent moisturizing properties, helps to improve hair strength and elasticity, and promotes skin hydration.
Hydrolized rice protein is also responsible for evening out the skin tone and reducing the early signs of aging like fine lines and wrinkles.
This protein is often added to products like shampoos, conditioners, serums, and lotions.

Hydrolyzed rice protein (also known as rice protein hydrolysate) is typically categorized as a skin/hair conditioning agent, but research shows its benefits extend beyond that thanks to its antioxidant and peptide content.
Furthermore, studies indicate this ingredient has potential for evening skin tone and helps to inhibit certain processes in skin that cause dehydration.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein’s also worth noting that hydrolyzed rice protein is rich in amino acids.

Technically speaking, hydrolyzed rice protein is derived from rice grains that have undergone hydrolysis (chemically reacted) with an acid, enzyme or other methods.
This ingredient can be “upcycled” as a byproduct of the rice production process.
Hydrolyzed rice protein was reaffirmed as a safe cosmetic ingredient in the 2006 Cosmetic Ingredient Review report.

The notated concentrations levels of hydrolyzed rice protein at that time were between 0.1–2.0% but more recent usage levels suggested by cosmetic suppliers may be higher (up to 5% based on what we found).
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is an amber, low-viscous liquid with characteristic inherent odour.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is suitable as a care additive for application in the personal care products such as after-sun, body-, color- & face care, conditioning, liquid soaps, shampoos, hair coloring and styling products.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein also used in baby care & cleansing, face cleansing, personal care wipes and shower/bath formulations.
Hydrolyzed rice protein contains proteins with both cationic (positive) and anionic (negative) charges.
This opposing charges help add volume to hair by repelling one another.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein has a thin and watery texture and has a pH somewhere in between 4.0 and 6.0.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is used in many skincare formulations due to its many benefits. One of the most essential benefits of hydrolysed rice protein is that it increases the skin’s ability to absorb and retain moisture.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein also benefits the hair by increasing its elasticity and tensile strength.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is derived from rice where rice protein is subjected to hydrolysis.
This involves breaking down the protein molecules into smaller peptides and amino acids.
This process can be achieved by using enzymes or acids, resulting in Hydrolyzed Rice Protein.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is an excellent addition to any skincare and hair care product, including shampoo and conditioner bars.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is made of natural rice bran fiber, which means it is gluten free and vegan.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is a superb vegetable protein that delivers high amounts of amino acids to both hair and skin.

Using hydrolyzed rice protein in hair care products can help increase total hair volume and help to strengthen strands.
The key aminos are arginine, histidine, and lysine. These all contribute to stronger, healthier hair.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein does not have to be in wash-off formulas so consider using it in your leave-in hair care formulas.

Leave in conditioners, styling sprays, serums, scalp treatments and more! We have a huge compliment of excellent hair treatment ingredients.
When using it in skincare products, Hydrolyzed Rice Protein delivers high levels of moisture and the amino acids help to boost natural collagen production and build up skin density.

Hydrolyzed rice protein is a versatile alternative to cosmetic grade proteins, which is carefully processed to yield a low odor and color product, which is freely soluble in water.
This provides all the benefits of the more traditional animal-derived proteins but does not carry any negative connotation of said products.
Hydrolyzed rice protein is obtained from non-GMO rice, which is a hypo-allergenic protein source.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein forms a moisture-retentive film on the skin and hair.
These films have a variety of beneficial uses in cosmetic applications.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein works by depositing large amounts of cationic amnio acids.

These bond to the hair strands, smoothing the rough edges, then the anionic amino acids cause a repelling action to the naturally negatively charged hair fibers, giving hair more volume.
The more the hair is washed/conditioned with products using just 1% Hydrolyzed Rice Protein, the more volume shown without it just being fizzy.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein does not create “dry” strands, which then appear to be volume but are really just dry.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein smooths the hair follicles and creates volume.
Studies show anywhere from 13% to 32% increase with regular use.
Hydrolysed rice protein has calming and soothing properties due to its ingredients.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein helps in reducing the itchiness of the skin.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein peptides promote protection against the harmful UV rays of the sun.
They end up protecting the thin layer of skin from sun damage and photoaging.

Hydrolysed rice protein stimulates the synthesis of collagen in fibroblast cells of the skin.
Collagen is a protein that keeps the skin firm, plump and gives it its elasticity.
Thus, the application of rice protein on the skin leads to boosting collagen, thereby tightening the skin and keeping wrinkles and fine lines at bay.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein has been shown to significantly increase total hair volume by up to 32%.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein also adds natural shine and highlights to the hair.
By increasing the ability of the hair and skin to bind moisture, it leads to increased flexibility and tensile strength.

On the skin, the increased moisture retention creates a more hydrated and elastic surface.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is an effective anti-irritant and leaves a smooth, dry feel on the skin.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein contains both cationic and anionic amino acids.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is derived from rice, a common cereal grain.
The hydrolysis process breaks down the complex protein structure into smaller components, making it more soluble and potentially easier for the body to digest.
Hydrolyzed rice protein is often used in cosmetic and personal care products.

Due to its smaller molecular size, Hydrolyzed Rice Protein can be incorporated into lotions, shampoos, and other formulations to provide benefits such as improved moisture retention and conditioning for the hair and skin.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein may be used as a protein supplement in the diet.
The hydrolysis process can enhance its digestibility and absorption.

Rice protein, including hydrolyzed rice protein, is considered hypoallergenic and is an alternative for individuals who are allergic to common protein sources like soy or dairy.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is naturally gluten-free, making hydrolyzed rice protein a suitable option for individuals with gluten sensitivities or celiac disease.
As a plant-derived protein, hydrolyzed rice protein is suitable for vegan and vegetarian diets.

pH: 4.0-6.0
Solubility: Soluble in water
Viscosity: Low

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is a water soluble, cosmetic grade vegetable protein that is rich in amino acids beneficial to hair and skin.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein can be used in shampoos, conditioners, hair treatments, hand and nail creams, body lotions, facial cleansers and moisturisers of all types.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is rich in cationic amino acids which are substantive to hair and skin (such as Arginine, Histidine, and Lysine ) and anionic amino acids that repel hair fibers for greater volume (such as Aspartic Acid and Glutamic Acid).

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein extract is excellent for helping the skin bind with moisture.
This results in skin developing great flexibility and elasticity.
Since it helps in retaining moisture, skin becomes hydrated and its tensile strength also increases.

When the skin develops abnormal coloration in the form of dark patches or spots due to many factors including UV exposure and acne, the condition is called hyperpigmentation.
The spots get their colour from a pigment called melanin which is in turn released by the abnormal secretion of enzyme tyrosinase.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein peptides actively help in countering hyperpigmentation by controlling the release of this enzyme, thereby mitigating excess melanin production and deposition in the skin.

Being an anti-irritant, hydrolysed rice protein is excellent for people with skin conditions wherein their skin feels dry, itchy, flaky or scaly skin.
This is due to its ability to retain moisture in the skin.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein peptides are helpful in increasing the synthesis of ceramides.

These are small lipids that give the skin a barrier to aid in retaining moisture that can be lost due to harsh environmental elements, for instance, harmful UV radiations.
Thus, hydrolysed rice protein ends up not just hydrating the skin, but protecting it as well.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein, which is produced by secretion of enzyme tyrosinase, is a pigment responsible for skin colouration.

Since hydrolysed rice protein helps in controlling melanin production by decreasing tyrosinase production, the skin becomes lighter and the texture improves.
After a few applications, can get a calmer and even-toned skin.
Hydrolysed rice protein can help in boosting this process, thereby exfoliating the skin.

This results in skin looking smoother and helps in controlling acne as well.
When applied topically, Vitamin E has been found to provide hydration to the skin.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is fat-soluble property makes it restore the moisture and keep dryness at bay.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein has antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties that are capable of treating dry skin conditions such as psoriasis and dermatitis.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein boosts the blood supply to the epidermis.
This leads to nourishment reaching the skin and in turn making it healthy and supple.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is beneficial in combating melanin deposition in the skin.
This leads to even toned and lighter skin texture.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein help boost blood supply to the skin.

This property helps in slowing down the process of ageing.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is especially helpful in treating wrinkles around the eyes.
Due to its antioxidant and moisturising properties, Hydrolyzed Rice Protein acts as an excellent ingredient for diminishing the appearance of dark circles.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein acts as an excellent cleanser by unclogging the pores.
Hydrolyzed rice protein enhances the manageability and body of hair.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein smoothes hair cuticles and improves gloss and texture by providing a protective film on damaged hair.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein also increases hair moisture content resulting in greater flexibility and tensile strength.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is ability to increase the moisture capacity in hair results in a healthier and fuller appearance.
Hydrolyzed rice protein is low molecular weight with 1500-2000 dalton, thereby having the ability to penetrate the hair and may treat hair loss and damage.

Hydrolyzed rice protein is also great for skin, with anti-aging, and moisturization benefits.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is an excellent anti-irritant that leaves the skin feeling smooth and dry due to its hydration and skin elasticity benefits.
Hydrolyzed rice protein forms a non-tacky film that helps to minimize roughness and wrinkles.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein has a protective colloid effect which results in better skin resistance to pollutants and external irritants.
Due to its moisturizing and film-forming properties, a moisture-retentive barrier is formed which helps to plump up the skin and combat detergency aggressiveness.
In cosmetics and hair care products, hydrolyzed rice protein is often included for its potential benefits to the hair.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein can help improve the texture of hair, enhance manageability, and provide a conditioning effect.
The small molecular size allows Hydrolyzed Rice Protein to penetrate the hair shaft, offering moisturizing and strengthening properties.
Hydrolyzed rice protein has film-forming properties, which means it can create a thin film on the surface of the skin or hair.

This film can help retain moisture, improve texture, and contribute to a smoother appearance.
When included in skincare formulations, hydrolyzed rice protein can contribute to skin hydration.
The smaller peptides may help improve the absorption of moisture, providing a hydrating effect.

Some research suggests that hydrolyzed rice protein may possess antioxidant properties.
Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals, which can contribute to skin aging and damage.
Hydrolyzed rice protein is sometimes marketed as a collagen-boosting ingredient.

While it doesn't contain collagen itself, the amino acids and peptides derived from hydrolyzed rice protein may support collagen production in the skin.
Hydrolyzed rice protein is often considered a natural ingredient.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is derived from a plant source and is free from some of the common allergens found in other protein sources.
Due to its water-soluble nature, hydrolyzed rice protein can be easily incorporated into a variety of formulations, including lotions, creams, serums, shampoos, and conditioners.

Uses:
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is a scientific/chemical process by which a substance is broken down typically using an acid or water.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein of a protein (like wheat, oat, silk, rice, etc..) has special applications in personal care products since it allows the product, with the hydrolysate added, to absorb more quickly in to hair or skin.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein contains certain amino acids from whichever protein used and those will be absorbed more rapidly than the intact proteins by the outermost keratin (protein) layer of skin or hair, thus maximizing nutrient delivery to the intended place.

Hydrolyzed rice protein can be incorporated into grooming products for pets, providing similar benefits to those in human hair care products, such as improved texture and conditioning.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein and its derivatives may find applications in tissue engineering, where it can contribute to the development of biomaterials with specific properties.
The film-forming properties of hydrolyzed rice protein may be utilized in the development of wound dressings to promote healing and provide a protective barrier.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein might be used in the formulation of organic fertilizers or soil amendments to enhance plant growth and nutrient uptake.
The film-forming characteristics of hydrolyzed rice protein can be employed in the paper industry for coatings that improve paper quality and printability.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein can be explored as a component in the development of biodegradable adhesives with potential applications in various industries.

Some derivatives of hydrolyzed rice protein may have applications in water treatment processes, assisting in the removal of certain pollutants.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein could be considered as a bio-based material for the development of sustainable polymers and plastics.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein may contain bioactive peptides that could have health-promoting effects, and these peptides may be explored for various health and nutritional applications.

Hydrolyzed rice protein, with its neutral taste, might be used as a flavor enhancer in savory food products.
Hydrolyzed rice protein may be incorporated into protein bars, shakes, or other sports nutrition products to provide a plant-based protein source for individuals with dietary restrictions or preferences.
Given that rice protein is naturally gluten-free, hydrolyzed rice protein can be used in the formulation of gluten-free products, providing a protein source for individuals with gluten sensitivities or celiac disease.

Hydrolyzed rice protein may be used in the formulation of functional beverages, such as protein-fortified drinks or smoothies.
Hydrolyzed rice protein might find application in the production of baby formulas or infant nutrition products.
In the food industry, hydrolyzed rice protein might be used to improve the texture, mouthfeel, or structure of processed foods.

In the pharmaceutical industry, hydrolyzed rice protein may be explored for drug delivery systems, especially in cases where controlled release or improved solubility is desired.
Hydrolyzed rice protein can be used in the textile industry, contributing to processes such as fabric conditioning and finishing.
Hydrolyzed rice protein may be included in nutraceutical formulations, combining nutritional and pharmaceutical properties in products that offer health benefits.

Hydrolyzed rice protein, being plant-derived, is often used in formulations that aim to be environmentally friendly and sustainable.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is the chemical process that is used to break down protein into amino acids for easy absorption.
This process is applied to rice bran protein to make it water-soluble, and it is then called hydrolysed rice protein or rice peptides.

These peptides are in fact small proteins that benefit the skin in a number of ways.
Hydrolyzed rice protein is often included in shampoos, conditioners, and hair treatments.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein can help improve the texture and manageability of hair, providing a conditioning effect.

In skincare formulations such as lotions, creams, and serums, hydrolyzed rice protein can contribute to skin hydration and may have antioxidant properties.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is sometimes included in anti-aging products for its potential collagen-boosting effects.
Hydrolyzed rice protein, in its powdered form, may be used as a protein supplement in dietary products such as protein powders or nutritional shakes.

The hydrolysis process can enhance its digestibility.
While less common than other protein sources, hydrolyzed rice protein can be used in food products.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein may be added to enhance the protein content of certain foods, especially in products catering to individuals with allergies to common protein sources like soy or dairy.

Hydrolyzed rice protein might be used in the formulation of medical foods or nutritional products, particularly in cases where individuals have specific dietary requirements or restrictions.
Hydrolyzed rice protein can also find applications in pet food, contributing to the protein content of pet nutrition products.

The film-forming properties of hydrolyzed rice protein make it suitable for use in industrial applications, such as coatings or films for certain materials.
Given its plant-based origin, hydrolyzed rice protein is often used in the formulation of vegan and vegetarian food products.

Safety Profile:
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is a safe ingredient that is well tolerated by most skin and hair types.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein does not have any known side effects, but patch testing must be done when using the ingredient for the first time.
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is also generally vegan and halal.

Synonyms:
PROTEIN HYDROLYZATES, RICE
156715-40-1
DTXSID901042242

HYDROLYZED CASEIN, N° CAS : 65072-00-6, Nom INCI : HYDROLYZED CASEIN, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 265-363-1, Ses fonctions (INCI) : Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Goat Milk, Ziegenmilch, Caprae Lac Extract (Goat Milk Extract) CAS NO: N/A

HYDROLYZED CELLULOSE, Nom INCI : HYDROLYZED CELLULOSE, Ses fonctions (INCI) : Déodorant : Réduit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent bouclant ou lissant (coiffant) : Modifie la structure chimique des cheveux, pour les coiffer dans le style requis

KELIPRO NEUTRAL-HENNA; Hydrolyzed Cassia italica Leaf Extract; Cassia Obovata CAS NO:85085-71-8

Hydrolyzed Collagen; collagen hydrolysate; collagen peptide; gelatine; gelatine hydrolysate and hydrolyzed gelatine. cas no: 92113-31-0

HYDROLYZED GELATIN, N° CAS : 68410-45-7, Nom INCI : HYDROLYZED GELATIN, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 270-082-2, Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

HYDROLYZED CORN PROTEIN; Gluten Hydrolysate from maize; Peptone from corn CAS NO:100209-41-4

Hydrolyzed elastin is mainly composed of the so-called β-elastin, the low molecular weight elastin peptide.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is an active ingredient obtained by enzymatic degradation of fiber protein elastin.


CAS Number: 91080-18-1
EC Number: 293-509-4
Chem/IUPAC Name: Elastins, hydrolyzates


Hydrolyzed Elastin is usually sourced from the skin of fish, which is why it can also be referred to as “marine elastin.”
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel reviewed hydrolyzed elastin and deemed it safe for use in cosmetics.
Typical usage levels for hydrolyzed elastin range from 1–5%.


Hydrolyzed Elastin is an active ingredient obtained by enzymatic degradation of fiber protein elastin.
Usually, the source of elastin is bovine.
This multifunctional ingredient is a non-viscous, amber-colored, clear to the slightly opalescent solution, which is clearly fluorescent under UV light.


Hydrolyzed elastin is mainly composed of the so-called β-elastin, the low molecular weight elastin peptide.
Besides, Hydrolyzed Elastin contains small quantities of elastin peptides of a higher molecular weight and some naturally occurring collagen hydrolysates.
Hydrolyzed Elastin (a.k.a. Marine Collagen) offers numerous benefits when it comes to skin care.


Not only does Hydrolyzed Elastin function as a humectant, but it can also promote cell growth and help maintain skin elasticity.
Elastin is naturally present in skin—the second most common protein in the human body, in fact—and it’s what gives skin its springy, elastic texture.
Hydrolyzed Elastin, also known as Marine Collagen, is a natural protein harvested from fish and other sources that can be used to replenish your skin.


Hydrolyzed elastin is elastin that’s been broken down into amino acids through the process of hydrolysis.
Elastin’s naturally occurring in the body, working hand-in-hand with collagen to promote a firm, tight appearance.
Elastin’s true talent comes in the form of physical resiliency, allowing skin to “bounce back” like elastic after stretching.


Although hydrolyzed elastin is derived from elastin protein, it cannot function like elastin does within the body, as its molecules are far too large to penetrate beyond skin’s surface when applied topically.
Unlike collagen, Hydrolyzed Elastin’s much harder to stimulate the regeneration of elastin within the extracellular matrix (area of skin between the epidermis and dermis).


That’s why it’s important to maintain the health of the elastin already present in skin through the consistent usage of sun safe practices, such as the application of a broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen every day.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is a hydrolyzed elastin protein obtained from fish skin and carefully monitored during its manufacture to ensure the lowest possible odor and a low ash.


Hydrolyzed Elastin is a highly specialized elastic protein which is found in the connective tissue of the skin and blood vessels.
Hydrolyzed Elastin contains 10-15% of protein.
Specific gravity of Hydrolyzed Elastin is 1.04.


Hydrolyzed Elastin is Gluten-free.
Hydrolyzed Elastin revitalizes, nourishes and moisturizes the skin and improves the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.
Hydrolyzed Elastin works best in firming/lifting and tightening applications.


Hydrolyzed Elastin powder is extracted from pork tendons by biotechnology and is amphipathic, i.e. hydrophilic and lipophilic, which makes it compatible with most of the ingredients.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is a fiber protein made up of polypeptide subunits and one of the most important structural proteins in the human body.


Hydrolyzed Elastin is a fermented, hydrolyzed elastin from the connective tissue of bonito fish.
As the name implies, Elastin is a highly elastic protein in the connective tissue that allows the skin to return to its original position when stretched.
Collagen is the main component of skin; elastin holds the collagen bundles together and gives skin its elasticity.


Aging causes elastin production to slow down, therefore skin loses elasticity, and wrinkles begin to form.
Hydrolyzed Elastin helps restore the elasticity of skin.
Hydrolyzed Elastin has been shown to provide additional benefits, including improvements in vascular elasticity and blood flow.


Hydrolyzed Elastin supports joint mobility, healthy ligaments, and a healthy, non-sagging bust.
Hydrolyzed Elastin can also be considered for a surgical recovery product.
Hydrolyzed elastin is protein obtained from fish skin.


Hydrolyzed Elastin is a highly specialized elastic protein which is found in the connective tissue of the skin that gradually lessens as we age.
Further, Hydrolyzed Elastin is a humectant that helps trap moisture, holding it against the skin.
Hydrolyzed Elastin belongs to the following substance groups Haircare substances / Conditioning agents, Ingredients for skincare.


A hydrolysate of natural elastin, Hydrolyzed Elastin works synergetically with hydrolyzed collagen, and has been documented to prevent and counteract premature loss of elasticity to restore a young and smooth appearance to the skin.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is an essential component of the skin.


Hydrolyzed Elastin is similar to collagen, but can be stretched (elastic) more, thus making our skin flexible.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is also an important structure that keeps skin cells properly aligned.
So that Hydrolyzed Elastin can be absorbed into the skin more easily.


Hydrolyzed Elastin is white powder-light color.
Hydrolyzed Elastin can dissolve in water.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is a naturally derived, water-soluble protein of bovine origin.


Hydrolyzed Elastin is one of the three main proteins found in the skin, along with collagen and reticulin.
Specific gravity of Hydrolyzed Elastin is 1.04.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is clear to slightly hazy yellow to medium amber liquid.


Hydrolyzed Elastin is slight characteristic odor.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is soluble in water.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is preserved with butylene glycol, phenoxyethanol, and ethylhexlglycerin.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HYDROLYZED ELASTIN:
The activity of elastin hydrolysates ( α-, β-, κ-elastin) after the local external application has not yet been clarified completely and exhaustively.
Studies showed that elastin fragments activate skin fibroblast and boos extracellular matrix components production, including collagen and elastin.
Also, Hydrolyzed Elastin's a perfect source of building blocks for producing those essential proteins.


However, Hydrolyzed elastin may be regarded as a protective protein with affinity to skin and hair.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is used as an additive to skincare cosmetics such as nourishing creams and body lotions; it is also very suitable for hair treatment products.


In skin care, Hydrolyzed Elastin’s humectant properties are used to help hydrate skin through the attraction of moisture to skin’s surface.
Hydrolyzed Elastin provides a layer of protection to the hair and improves e.g. skin elasticity by preventing dry skin and reducing wrinkles.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is suitable for various applications such as in skin creams, firming creams, sunscreens, masks, hair products.


Hydrolyzed Elastin, which helps maintain skin elasticity.
Hydrolyzed Elastin strengthens the tone of the skin, strengthens it and therefore prevents the formation of wrinkles.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is a protein which along with hyaluronic acid and collagen, are the main components of the connective tissue of the skin.


Hydrolyzed Elastin offers protection, keeping the cells hydrated while improving the elasticity of the skin.
Hydrolyzed Elastin's use is recommended for facial cream products for normal and mature skin and for hair care products.
Hydrolyzed Elastincan be easily incorporated into cosmetic formulas during the cooling process.


Hydrolyzed Elastin is used in almost all anti-aging, repair and rejuvenating care products.
Use of Hydrolyzed Elastin for making cosmetics: Recommended use dosage 5-10%.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is also an important load-bearing tissue and used in places where mechanical energy is required to be stored.


Hydrolyzed Elastin gives skin and hair a protective layer. Rebuilds elastic strength to hair and reduces breakage.
Hydrolyzed Elastin effectively reduces hair damage from harsh chemicals.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is used for all Anti-aging products.


Hydrolyzed Elastin is used Dietary Supplement, and Cosmetics & Cosmeceuticals.
Applied topically, Hydrolyzed Elastin helps attract and retain moisture.
Hydrolyzed elastin protein obtained from fish skin and carefully monitored during its manufacture to ensure the lowest possible odor and a low ash.


Hydrolyzed Elastin is a highly specialized elastic protein which is found in the connective tissue of the skin and blood vessels.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is also an important load-bearing tissue and used in places where mechanical energy is required to be stored. pH value: 4.5-5.5.
Hydrolyzed Elastin can be used added to formulas as is; add to water-phase of formula.


Recommended use level of Hydrolyzed Elastin: 1-5%. Store in refrigerator.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is used Anti-aging and anti-wrinkle skin care products; hair care products including shampoos, hair conditioners, hair balms, and hair pomades.


-Cosmetic Uses of Hydrolyzed Elastin:
*antistatic agents
*film formers
*hair conditioning
*humectants
*skin conditioning



HYDROLYZED ELASTIN BENEFITS:
- Hydrolyzed Elastin serves to give flexibility to the skin.
- Skin looks moist



FUNCTIONS OF HYDROLYZED ELASTIN IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*HAIR CONDITIONING:
Hydrolyzed Elastin leaves the hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and / or imparts volume

*SKIN CONDITIONING:
Hydrolyzed Elastin maintains the skin in good condition

*SKIN CONDITIONING - EMOLLIENT:
Hydrolyzed Elastin softens and smoothens the skin



PROPERTIES OF HYDROLYZED ELASTIN:
~ Anti-wrinkle.
~ Firming the body.
~ Against stretch marks.



COSMETIC BENEFITS OF HYDROLYZED ELASTIN:
*low molecular weight Elastin with >= 80 %, that is extracted from pork *tendon by biotechnological methods
*amphipathic, i.e., hydrophilic & lipophilic
*shows a build-up effect on the hair
*acts as a natural conditioning agent and strengthens the hair
*shows a significant delay of swelling degree on hair during alkaline *process (perms and dying)
*reduces breakage of hair
*improves skin elasticity
*helps to prevent dry skin
*reduces wrinkles and delays aging



FUNCTIONS OF HYDROLYZED ELASTIN:
*Emollient:
Hydrolyzed Elastin softens and softens the skin
*Hair conditioner:
Hydrolyzed Elastin leaves hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and/or gives volume, lightness and shine
*Skin conditioning agent:
Hydrolyzed Elastin keeps the skin in good condition



WHAT DOES HYDROLYZED ELASTIN DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Antistatic
*Film forming
*Hair conditioning
*Humectant
*Skin conditioning



FORMULATIONS WITH HYDROLYZED ELASTIN:
*Hair care:
Clear Conditioning and Strengthening Rinse
*Hair care:
2-Layer Hair Tonic "Shake before use"



HYDROLYZED ELASTIN AT A GLANCE:
*Elastin that’s been separated into amino acids through hydrolysis
*Serves as a humectant, attracting water to skin
*Promotes a soft, hydrated appearance
*Safe for use in cosmetics



FUNCTION OF HYDROLYZED ELASTIN:
Hydrolyzed elastin protein is an active aqueous solution of marine derived elastin from fish skin. It is an excellent moisturizer and film former.
Hydrolyzed Elastin provides an easy way to add marine elastin to skin care emulsions, toners and surfactant systems for body and hair care.
"Hydrolyzed" means: hydrolysed or a hydrolysate (product of the separation of a chemical compound by reaction with water, often by means of enzymes).



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF HYDROLYZED ELASTIN:
Hydrolyzed Elastin is a hydrolyzed form of elastin, this allows the product to be more bioavailable and digestible.
Hydrolyzed Elastin is a one-of-a-kind product to create a Beauty from Within cosmetic product.
Hydrolyzed Elastin contains Desmosine and Isodesmosine. These are cross-linking molecules that are only found in elastin and give elastin its unique properties.



BENEFITS OF HYDROLYZED ELASTIN:
Hydrolyzed Elastin is a humectant. Humectants are valuable in any skin care routine because they trap moisture, holding it against the skin.
Elastin, in particular, is a skin conditioner that will help your skin maintain its elasticity as you age.
This protein also has use as a skin booster.
When applied topically, Hydrolyzed Elastin stimulates cell growth so, when used over time, elastin’s renewing effect makes your skin look smoother and fresher.



DERMATOLOGICAL TIPS, HYDROLYZED ELASTIN:
While Hydrolyzed Elastin can be used in the morning or evening, we recommend that you make sure this ingredient is a part of your evening routine.
That way your skin reaps the benefits as you sleep.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HYDROLYZED ELASTIN:
INCI: Hydrolyzed Elastin
Appearance, odour: light yellow powder
Solubility: water soluble
Use concentration: 0.5 - 5.0 %



FIRST AID MEASURES of HYDROLYZED ELASTIN:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HYDROLYZED ELASTIN:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HYDROLYZED ELASTIN:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the
surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HYDROLYZED ELASTIN:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HYDROLYZED ELASTIN:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HYDROLYZED ELASTIN:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Hydrolyzed Elastin 25%
Unilastin 25
Hydrolyzed animal elastinHydrolyzed elastin
Elastin Hydrolysate
Unilastin

HYDROLYZED ELASTIN;Maricol S; Elastin Protein, Hydrolyzed;ELASTINS, HYDROLYZATES and HYDROLYZED ELASTIN; Hydrolyzed Elastin 25%; Unilastin 25; Hydrolyzed animal elastin;Hydrolyzed elastin;Elastin Hydrolysate; Unilastin CAS NO:91080-18-1

HYDROLYZED GUAR, N° CAS : 9000-30-0, Origine(s) : Végétale, Nom INCI : HYDROLYZED GUAR, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-536-8, Additif alimentaire : E412, Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

KERATIN (5% IN WATER); Keratins, hydrolyzates;HYDROLYZED KERATIN;Proteinhydrolysat;Cattle hair;Keratin hydrolyzate;Keratins,cattle horn,saponified and neutralized;HYDROLYSED KERATINE CAS:69430-36-0

Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid is a low molecular weight, chemically chopped up version of the naturally big molecule and current IT-moisturizer, Hyaluronic Acid (HA). The TL; DR version of HA is that it's a huge polymer (big molecule from repeated subunits) found in the skin that acts as a sponge helping the skin to retain water, making it plump and elastic. As HA is a polymer, the subunits can be repeated many times (as a high-molecular-weight version), or just a few times (as a low-molecular-weight version).HYDROLYZED HYALURONIC ACID is classified as : Hair conditioning Humectant Skin conditioning COSING REF No: 59169 Chem/IUPAC Name: Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid is the hydrolysate of Hyaluronic Acid derived by acid, enzyme or other method of hydrolysis

HYDROLYZED MILK PROTEIN; Hydrolyzed proteinCAS Number‎: ‎92797-39-2

Hydrolyzed keratin is essentially a large protein molecule that has gone through a chemical process that is broken down in a way that allows it to penetrate the hair cuticle.
Hydrolyzed keratin moisturizes and conditions both skin and hair and also forms a film when used on the skin or nails.
Hydrolyzed keratin is used in creams, lotions, moisturizers, nail creams as well as shampoos, leave on cream, conditioners, serums.

CAS: 69430-36-0
MF: C2H2BrClO2
MW: 173.39308
EINECS: 274-001-1

Hydrolyzed keratin is a hydrolysate of keratin protein derived from acid, enzyme, and other method of hydrolysis, which has been applied in many areas including feed and food industry, pharmacy, fertilizers, pesticides, environmental protection, leather industry, and cosmetics.
Specifically, this substance can be mixed with polyamide 6 blend to prepare nanofibres for adsorption of chromium (Ⅵ).
Moreover, Hydrolyzed keratin may act as an effective component to fabricate shampoo, bath, and shower gel.
In addition, Hydrolyzed keratin can be used as an effective ingredient to produce odor-removing and deodorizing composition.
Besides, Hydrolyzed keratin has been demonstrated to function as an useful agent for hair fixatives.

Hydrolyzed keratin is a compound that can reverse the damage done to keratin.
Hydrolyzed keratin is found in many hair care products and helps rejuvenate, strengthen, and moisturize the hair.
In addition, Hydrolyzed keratin increases the smoothness of the hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin is essentially a large protein molecule that has gone through a chemical process that is broken down in a way that allows it to penetrate the hair cuticle.
Hydrolyzed keratin is most popularly derived from wool protein, silk protein, or vegan wheat protein.

Hydrolyzed keratin is a skin, hair, and nail conditioning ingredient used in a variety of cosmetics.
Hydrolyzed keratin is a derivative of the protein keratin created by the process of hydrolysis, where an ingredient is transformed, usually by an enzyme or acid.
Hydrolyzed keratin is the primary protein in skin and hair.
Like keratin itself, hydrolyzed keratin is considered a highly biocompatible ingredient and is derived from biological waste products such as hair, wool, horns, or feathers, making it a non-vegan ingredient.
Hydrolyzed keratin contains a high number of amino acids and is considered a very good ingredient for softening and strengthening hair, skin, and nails.
Hydrolyzed keratin can come in either liquid or powder form and has a white (in powder form) or clear color (when in liquid form).
Hydrolyzed keratin has been ruled safe as used in cosmetics, where its maximum rate of usage is 5% in hair styling products.

Bromochloroacetic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine.
A low-melting (27.5-31.5℃), hygroscopic crystalline solid, Hydrolyzed keratin can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.
Hydrolyzed keratin is a monocarboxylic acid, an organochlorine compound and a 2-bromocarboxylic acid.

Hydrolyzed Keratin Protein is a clear amber liquid popularly derived from wool protein. Hydrolyzed keratin is a structural protein that connects epithelial (skin) cells together and protects them from environmental damage.
Hydrolyzed keratin is a form of protein that has been broken down into smaller parts such that it can penetrate hair cuticles.
Hydrolyzed keratin strengthens the hair, reduce frizz and increase hair elasticity and shine.
Hydrolyzed keratin is also good for the skin, keeping it firm and less prone to sagging.

Hydrolyzed keratin Chemical Properties
Odor: Characteristic
EPA Substance Registry System: Hydrolyzed keratin (69430-36-0)
Boiling Point: 214.8°C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 31.5°C
pH: 5.5-7.5
Solubility: Soluble in water

Hydrolyzed keratin is a large protein molecule that is broken down after a chemical process in a manner such that it can penetrate the hair cuticle.
Hydrolyzed keratin is sourced from a larger keratin molecule.
Hydrolyzed keratin is broken down by splitting its bond with the addition of hydrogen and hydroxide (water).
At the end of the chemical process, Hydrolyzed keratin is reduced into smaller fragments that the hair can absorb, thanks to its lower molecular weight.

Uses
Hydrolyzed keratin is a processed form of keratin that facilitates its use in skin care formulations.

Benefits
Hydrolyzed protein can repair and condition damaged hair.
These protein hydrolysates strengthen hair fibers and reduce hair breakage.
Protein hydrolysates are often added to hair coloring products for even color absorption.
Hydrolyzed protein protects the hair from the damaging effects of permanent bleaching, waving, and straightening products.
Hydrolyzed keratin improves the texture and natural structure of the hair and forms a protective coating to shield the strands.

Toxicology
Hydrolyzed keratin sourced from sheep wool and hoof meal was non-toxic in oral studies in rats (i.e. the LD50 was greater than 40 ml/kg in a 20% solution).
Keratin (MW = 8000 Da and 33,000 Da; buffalo horn/hoof source) and Hydrolyzed Keratin (MW = 310 Da; sheep wool source) were non-toxic in intravenous studies in mice.

Synonyms
Bromochloroacetic acid
5589-96-8
2-bromo-2-chloroacetic acid
Acetic acid, bromochloro-
Keratins
Chlorobromoacetic acid
68238-35-7
69430-36-0
Keratin from Wool,
bromo(chloro)acetic acid
UNII-AL8MZ37Y51
2-Bromo-2-chloroethanoic acid
AL8MZ37Y51
CCRIS 8228
DTXSID4024642
CHEBI:64206
HSDB 7619
KERATIN
C2H2BrClO2
BROMOCHLOROACETICACID
Cheratina
Detoxin
Animal keratin
acetic acid, 2-bromo-2-chloro-
bromochloracetic acid
Cheratina [Italian]
BCAA
BrCH(Cl)COOH
bromochloroethanoic acid
BrCH(Cl)CO2H
2-bromo-2-chloroaceticacid
C2-H2-Br-Cl-O2
Bromochloroacetic acid, 97%
SCHEMBL135012
CHEMBL504842
DTXCID604642
GEHJBWKLJVFKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
EINECS 269-409-1
Tox21_200894
BROMOCHLOROACETIC ACID [IARC]
CHLOROBROMOACETIC ACID [HSDB]
LMFA01090146
MFCD00143872
AKOS016010266
CS-O-30541
LS-1370
NCGC00091488-01
NCGC00091488-02
NCGC00258448-01
BS-52910
Bromochloroacetic acid, analytical standard
CAS-5589-96-8
FT-0623228
FT-0627572
FT-0627573
C19212
E78199
Q27133122
Bromochloroacetic acid 1000 microg/mL in Methyl-tert-butyl ether

HYDROLYZED KERATIN = KERATIDE = PROMOIS WK-F


CAS Number: 69430-36-0
EC Number: 274-001-1
MDL Number: MFCD00131434
Molecular Formula: C2H2BrClO2


Hydrolyzed keratin is a large protein molecule that is broken down after a chemical process in a manner such that it can penetrate the hair cuticle.
Hydrolyzed Keratin is sourced from a larger keratin molecule.
Essentially, hydrolyze means to fragment the protein or break into smaller pieces in a non-specific manner.
The broken-down proteins deposit themselves on the hair’s shaft.


Firstly, keratin is a protein that’s naturally found in your hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin is responsible for your hair’s health.
While keratin makes your hair strong, it’s also prone to damage due to environmental aggressors.
For this reason, hydrolyzed keratin has been introduced into several hair care formulations to supplement what has been weakened.


Hydrolyzed keratin is a large protein molecule that is broken down after a chemical process in a manner such that it can penetrate the hair cuticle.
Hydrolyzed keratin is sourced from a larger keratin molecule.
Keratin is broken down by splitting its bond with the addition of hydrogen and hydroxide (water).
At the end of the chemical process, the keratin is reduced into smaller fragments that the hair can absorb, thanks to its lower molecular weight.


Essentially, hydrolyze means to fragment the protein or break into smaller pieces in a non-specific manner.
The broken-down proteins deposit themselves on the hair’s shaft.
Due to the low molecular weight and the small size, the hydrolyzed keratin proteins go beyond the cuticle, penetrate the hair shaft and reduce damage.


Don’t confuse hydrolyzed keratin with Brazilian keratin treatments.
Hydrolyzed keratin doesn’t possess any straightening properties.
Keratin is a protein that makes up our hair, skin, and nails.
Unfortunately, constant exposure to heat styling equipment and harsh chemicals can damage it.


Hydrolyzed keratin is a compound that can reverse the damage done to keratin.
Hydrolyzed keratin is found in many hair care products and helps rejuvenate, strengthen, and moisturize the hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin increases the smoothness of the hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin is extracted from the nails, wools, and horns of animals.


Hydrolyzed keratin is a large protein molecule and is broken down or “hydrolyzed” into smaller molecules through enzymatic hydrolysis.
The smaller or hydrolyzed molecules have lower molecular weight and penetrate the hair shafts and strengthen the hair structure.
Hydrolyzed keratin has a similar amino acid structure as the keratin produced naturally in humans.
Hydrolyzed keratin is one of the components whose importance has increased as nutritional supplements, which are one of the alternative methods in hair care, are gradually starting to take their place in our lives.


Keratin protein, which has a large molecular weight, whose name we have started to hear frequently in hair and nail health, has passed through different processes and has become a part of our care routine with its various forms.
One of these processes is carried out by breaking down the keratin protein, that is, by hydrolyzing it.
Thus, Hydrolyzed keratin is better absorbed by the body with its small molecular weight.


Keratin is a structural protein that makes up hair and nails.
We owe the shine and durability of our hair and the strength of our nails to the naturally occurring keratin protein in their structure.
Of course, this protein is not capable of maintaining its effectiveness and quantity under all conditions.
As we age and are exposed to harmful factors, the production of keratin in our hair and nails decreases.


Therefore, as a part of our care routine, we need to include products containing keratin into our lives.
At this point, it is necessary to distinguish the most effective methods of keratin care, in which way and in which form the keratin will be used.
Although some recommended methods and procedures for keratin care create positive changes in the appearance of your hair in the short term, they may be damaging the hair cells due to the chemicals applied.


Apart from that, keratin is a large molecule in its natural state.
In other words, as long as it has not undergone any enzymatic treatment, it has such dimensions that hair and nail cells cannot benefit because of its low bioavailability.
In order to achieve the most efficient effects from keratin, it must have a small molecular weight and be easily absorbed by our cells.


This is where the important function of hydrolyzed keratin comes into play.
Hydrolyzed keratin is created by breaking down the keratin protein by adding hydrogen and hydroxide (water).
Hydrolyzed keratin, which has a lower molecular weight, is absorbed much more quickly and easily by the hair cell and begins to show its numerous benefits in a short time.


Despite the fact that the keratin care applied in beauty salons contains processes that wear out the hair, using hydrolyzed keratin as a food supplement has both healthier and more effective benefits.
A large protein molecule that penetrates the hair shaft to strengthen hair, reduce frizz, and increase elasticity, this multifunctional ingredient can temporarily turn back the clock on damage and fortify hair.


Hydrolyzed keratin is essentially a large protein molecule that has gone through a chemical process that is broken down in a way that allows it to penetrate the hair cuticle.
Hydrolyzed keratin is most popularly derived from wool protein, silk protein, or vegan wheat protein.
Hydrolyzed keratin is essentially a large protein molecule that has gone through a chemical process that is broken down in a way that allows it to penetrate the hair cuticle.


Hydrolyzed keratin moisturizes and conditions both skin and hair and also forms a film when used on the skin or nails.
Hydrolyzed keratin is derived from wool and is a light yellow to amber transparent liquid with a special odor.
Hydrolyzed keratin must be treated with a special biological treatment, into a short peptide, can be bioavailable.
The treated keratin is a potential source of high quality protein with high nutritional value and stable quality.


Hydrolyzed Keratin is water soluble.
Easy to add Hydrolyzed Keratin to existing or your own custom formulas.
Pure hydrolyzed keratin will make a difference in your hair the first time you use Hydrolyzed Keratin.
Hydrolyzed Keratin will only get better every time after that!


Each strand of hair will become thicker, stronger and more resilient, making the appearance of your hair overall thicker and fuller, shiny & fabulous!
Keratin that has been hydrolyzed is stronger than regular keratin.
Hydrolyzed Keratin penetrates and coats hair resulting in smooth appearance.


You can add 1-2 ml straight, directly to your dry hair about 10-15 minutes before shampooing and conditioning.
Hydrolyzed Keratin is put through a hydrosolate process which makes the keratin stronger.
Hydrolyzed Keratin also does not penetrate the hair shaft.
Sheep-wool-derived, hydrolyzed keratin protein is carefully monitored during its manufacture to ensure the lowest possible odor and low ash.


Hydrolyzed keratin is a highly specialized fibrous protein found in hair, feathers, wool, and nails.
Hydrolyzed keratin is distinct from other proteins in that it is rich in cysteine (a sulfur-containing amino acid) giving keratin a unique strength and protective quality.
Sheep-wool derived, hydrolyzed alpha-keratin protein carefully monitored during its manufacture to ensure the lowest possible odor and a low ash.


Hydrolyzed keratin is a highly specialized fibrous protein, which is found in hair, feathers, wool and nails. Keratin is distinct from other proteins in that it is rich in cysteine (a sulfur-containing amino acid) giving keratin a unique strength and protective quality.
Derived from sheep's wool.


Hydrolyzed keratin appears as a light yellow powder.
Hydrolyzed keratin , Hydrolyzed is a sheep-wool derived, hydrolyzed alpha-keratin protein carefully monitored during its manufacture to ensure the lowest possible odor and a low ash.
Keratin is a highly specialized fibrous protein, which is found in hair, feathers, wool and nails.


Hydrolyzed keratin is distinct from other proteins in that it is rich in cysteine (a sulfur-containing amino acid) giving keratin a unique strength and protective quality.
Derived from sheep's wool.
Contains 20-23% of protein.


Developed using the most recent advances in proteomics, the amino acid sequences of the peptides found in this product match those present in the keratin proteins found in cuticular and cortical regions of human hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin is a protein that makes up your hair, skin and nails – as much as 85% of it.
Hydrolyzed keratin is stronger than steel and its resilient nature is what helps hair to hold up against daily wear and tear.


However, regular heat styling, colouring and exposure to harsh environmental conditions damages the structure of the keratin proteins, which gradually makes the hair weaker and more prone to split ends.
Hydrolyzed keratin can be added to products to help reinforce the strands – but the size of the molecules are often too large to penetrate through the hair cuticles so the protein simply sits on the top of hair and doesn’t actually improve the condition.


Hydrolyzed keratin goes through a process called ‘enzymatic hydrolysis’, breaking down the large keratin molecules into smaller ones.
Hydrolyzed keratin is done by splitting the bond with hydrogen and water so the molecules are able to penetrate the hair shaft and strengthen it from the inside.
Hydrolyzed keratin works by filling any microscopic gaps within the cuticle and medulla, which gradually increases the diameter of individual strands.


This leaves them feeling smoother, softer and thicker while also making them more resistant to further damage.
Hydrolyzed keratin is a product derived from the enzymatic hydrolysis of wool keratin resulting in an aqueous solution.
Thanks to its composition of amino acids, hydrolyzed keratin is very similar to the keratin of human hair, while due to its balanced molecular weight it creates a protective film on the hair.


Hydrolyzed keratin is therefore an excellent addition to shampoos, conditioners, masks or lotions for hair damaged by dyes or other technical treatments, dull and dry hair and brittle nails!
Hydrolyzed keratin is one of the main substances that make up the hair structure.
However, over time, due to chemical effects, the use of tools such as a dryer and flat iron and even washing, parts of this component are lost.


The problem is even greater in frizzy hair which, due to its shape, has irregular deposits.
One of the solutions is to replace this material with hydrolyzed keratin.
This product is a hydrolyzed keratin of low molecular weight.
Hydrolyzed keratin is one of the structural proteins composing the stratum corneum, hair, and nails.


Hydrolyzed keratin comprises 80% of human hair.
In terms of its amino acid composition, Hydrolyzed keratin has cystine, which is rarely seen in any other kinds of protein.
In association with disulfide bond, Hydrolyzed keratin has a very unique molecular structure, so the peptide is well cross-linked.
Because of this structure, many functional end groups such as amino groups and carboxyl groups exist within a single molecule.


Consequently, high adsorption can be achieved with keratin.
Hydrolyzed keratin is a compound that can reverse the damage done to keratin.
Hydrolyzed keratin is found in many hair care products and helps rejuvenate, strengthen, and moisturize the hair.
In addition, Hydrolyzed keratin increases the smoothness of the hair.


Hydrolyzed keratin can repair and condition damaged hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin strengthen hair fibers and reduce hair breakage.
Hydrolyzed keratin are often added to hair coloring products for even color absorption.
Hydrolyzed keratin protects the hair from the damaging effects of permanent bleaching, waving, and straightening products.


Hydrolyzed keratin improves the texture and natural structure of the hair and forms a protective coating to shield the strands.
Hydrolyzed Keratin Protein is a clear amber liquid popularly derived from wool protein.
Keratin is a structural protein that connects epithelial (skin) cells together and protects them from environmental damage.
Hydrolyzed keratin is a form of protein that has been broken down into smaller parts such that it can penetrate hair cuticles.


Hydrolyzed keratin strengthens the hair, reduce frizz and increase hair elasticity and shine.
Hydrolyzed keratin is also good for the skin, keeping it firm and less prone to sagging.
Hydrolyzed keratin is water soluble, add to water phase
Hydrolyzed keratin is heat stable, Store in refrigerator.


Hydrolyzed Keratin Protein Keratin which is an important protein of hair Through the process of hydrolysis (hydrolysis) so that it can be easily absorbed into the hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin can both protect and restore hair condition.
Hydrolyzed keratin is suitable for damaged hair from dyeing, perming or bleaching.


Mixing method: Can be mixed in water (water phase) directly.
Product characteristics: White-light powder
Solubility: can dissolve in water
Keratin is a protein which is naturally found on the hair shaft.


It is a prerequisite for maintaining healthy hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin is hydrolyzed .i.e broken down into smaller fragments by treating it with water, acid and the hydrolyzed keratin thus formed is of relatively smaller size and has a lower molecular weight which can be easily absorbed into the hair shaft.
Hydrolyzed keratin deposits easily on the hair shaft and repairs the damaged strands, thus providing strength to your strands.


Hydrolyzed Keratin Protein is well known and one of the most reviewed ingredients.
Hydrolyzed Keratin is put through a hydrosolate process which makes the keratin stronger.
Hydrolyzed Keratinalso does not penetrate the hair shaft.
Hydrolyzed keratin acts as a film forming ingredient which creates a protective coating on the hair.


Hydrolyzed keratin is a highly specialized fibrous protein, which is found in hair, feathers, wool and nails.
Hydrolyzed keratin is distinct from other proteins in that it is rich in cysteine (a sulfur-containing amino acid) giving keratin a unique strength and protective quality
Hydrolyzed Keratin Protein is a clear amber liquid popularly derived from wool protein.


Hydrolyzed Keratin is known to increase cysteine available to the hair, thus, diminishing and curing the hair of damage.
Hydrolyzed keratin is also known to increase the tensile strength of the hair.
Hydrolyzed Keratin increases hair cell elasticity and volume.
Hydrolyzed keratin is also known to have very high moisture binding capabilities thereby aiding hair strenght and fluidity, this in turn increases hair luster, body, and increasing manageability.


Hydrolyzed Keratin is a fibrous protein of the epidermis and its adnexa such as hair and nails.
Hydrolyzed keratin enhances and strengthens the structure of damaged hair and nails, restoring their polish and healthy look; besides Hydrolyzed keratin maintains a proper level of moisturizing.
Hydrolyzed keratin is a powerful hair rebuilder that strengthens the hair by replenishing the Keratin that the hair loses over time with chemical and physical processes, thus improving the structure of the fiber, leaving hair healthier and completely renewed.


Hydrolyzed keratin recomposes the capillary mass, controlling elasticity.
Hydrolyzed keratin provides anti-drying action leaving hair resistant to breakage, soft, malleable and shiny.
Hydrolyzed Keratin can make your hair soft and frizz-free by keeping it hydrated and well-conditioned.
Hydrolyzed keratin forms a protective layer by filling the gaps, replacing the lost protein, and enhancing the overall diameter of the hair, thus improving its density.


Many haircare brands are incorporating Hydrolyzed Keratin in the product formulation to supplement the loss of Keratin.
Keratin is a large protein molecule that cannot penetrate the hair shaft easily and need to be broken down into smaller fragments so that they can penetrate the hair shaft.
Hydrolyzed Keratin is a smaller protein easily absorbed into the hair's cuticle.


Hydrolyzed keratin comes from a larger keratin molecule.
Keratin is broken down into smaller fragments by enzymatic hydrolysis to allow easier penetration into the hair shaft.
The hydrolyzed Keratin is smaller and has a relatively low molecular weight due to its low molecular weight.
Hydrolyzed keratin penetrates the hair shaft and repairs the damaged strands, adding strength, elasticity, and shine to your hair.


Sheep-wool derived, hydrolyzed alpha-keratin protein carefully monitored during its manufacture to ensure the lowest possible odor and a low ash.
Hydrolyzed keratin is a highly specialized fibrous protein, which is found in hair, feathers, wool and nails.
Hydrolyzed keratin is distinct from other proteins in that it is rich in cysteine (a sulfur-containing amino acid) giving keratin a unique strength and protective quality.


Hydrolyzed keratin is derived from sheep's wool.
Hydrolyzed Keratin is a product that contributes to hair health from the inside out.
The keratin derives from bird feathers. Hair is approximately 80-95% keratin.
Psychologically, hair is an important aspect of body image for men and women.


We regularly change this image, for example by adapting our hair to a specific occasion or to the latest fashion.
Cosmetic changes to our hair, such as coloring and curling, are accompanied by chemical processes that change the normal structure of the hair shaft.
Extra support with hydrolysed keratin can help out.
Hydrolyzed Keratin is probably not vegan.


Hydrolyzed keratin is a chemically altered Keratin, used in cosmetics.
Keratin is a protein usually derived from ground-up hooves, horns, feathers, quills, and hair of various captive and killed animals.
However, just in the last few years some vegan plant-derived keratins have become available.
Hydrolyzed Keratin Cas No: 69430-36-0 is made from waterfowl feather, which is consisted of Keratin like human hair.


Hydrolyzed keratin is Amino Acid composition very similar to human hair.
Besides, the structure of the Keratin from feather is different with Wool’s keratin.
The feather keratin molecules have many β-sheet structures, so we call β-keratin.


Because of its planar structure, it has a very flexible molecular structure.
By biological enzyme hydrolysis processing, we cut the high molecular weight Keratin to keratin peptide with small molecular weight, which is water-soluble and better compatibility with cosmetics formulations.


Type of ingredient: Strengthener
Main benefits of Hydrolyzed keratin: Reduces breakage, minimizes damage, and increases elasticity and shine
Who should use Hydrolyzed keratin: Curly, kinky, and dry/damaged hair
How often can you use Hydrolyzed keratin: Every six to eight weeks
Works well with: Your average shampoo and conditioner



USES and APPLICATIONS of HYDROLYZED KERATIN:
Due to the low molecular weight and the small size, the hydrolyzed keratin proteins go beyond the cuticle, penetrate the hair shaft and reduce damage.
Hydrolyzed keratin is used to build up bonds rather than break them.
You can find many hair care products like shampoos, conditioners, hair masks, and serums containing Hydrolyzed keratin.


Hydrolyzed keratin acts as a moisturizer that traps moisture in the hair layers.
In cosmetics, Hydrolyzed keratin is used to smooth and moisturize the damaged hair cuticle.
Hydrolyzed keratin fills cracks and eliminates frizz associated with dryness.
UHydrolyzed keratin is used as Antistatic, Film forming, Hair conditioning, Humectant, Skin conditioning.


Hydrolyzed keratin is used in creams, lotions, moisturizers, nail creams as well as shampoos, leave on cream, conditioners, serums.
Hydrolyzed keratin is used to smooth and moisturize the damaged hair cuticle.
Hydrolyzed keratin fills cracks and eliminates frizz associated with dryness.
Hydrolyzed keratin helps fill the minor gaps throughout the hair shaft, including its three layers known as the cuticle, cortex, and medulla.


Filling these microscopic gaps with broken-down protein helps to strengthen hair's structure, thereby improving its overall elasticity.
Hydrolyzed keratin minimizes the damaging effects of sun exposure, heat styling, chemical treatments, and combing hair - tangled tresses.
Hydrolyzed keratin is used as an antistatic agent that reduces static electricity by neutralizing the electrical charge on the surface of hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin conditions the hair and leaves them easy to comb, soft and shiny and/or gives volume, lightness and shine


Hydrolyzed keratin provides moisturizing benefits for both hair and skin.
Hydrolyzed Keratin can be used in hair treatment, shampoo, conditioner, styling, leave-in, bodywash, body lotion, body treatments, cleanser, toner, facial moisturizer, face, treatment, mascara, lipstick, color cosmetics, makeup foundation.
Revitalizes the hairs natural protective layer and rebuilds tensile strength.


Hydrolyzed keratin returns elasticity and reduces breakage.
Hydrolyzed keratin reduces hair damage from harsh chemicals.
Hydrolyzed keratin acts also as a protective care substance on the skin.
Hydrolyzed keratin is used for Complete range of hair care, Strengthening care, Nail care, Anti-ageing care.


Hydrolyzed keratin is preserved with butylene glycol, phenoxyethanol, and ethylhexlglycerin.
Hydrolyzed Keratin provides moisturizing benefits for both hair and skin.
Hydrolyzed keratin is used in shampoo, conditioner, treatment (hair), leave-in, styling, body wash, body lotion, treatment (body), cleanser, toner, facial moisturizer, treatment (face), makeup foundation, mascara, lipstick, color cosmetics.


Hydrolyzed keratin acts as a film-forming ingredient, creating a protective coating on the hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin also helps to increase the shininess of the hair.
Revitalizes the hairs natural protective layer and rebuilds tensile strength
Returns elasticity and reduces breakage


Hydrolyzed keratin reduces hair damage from harsh chemicals
Hydrolyzed keratin acts also as a protective care substance on the skin
Hydrolyzed keratin can be added to formulas as is; add to water-phase of formula.
Recommended use level: 0.2-3%.


All kinds of hair care products including shampoos, hair conditioners, hair balms, hair pomades and also skin care products including lotions and creams.
Thanks to high bio-availability, Hydrolyzed keratin strengthens hair, nails and skin, and prevents their ageing.
Youth strengthener for hair, nails and skin


Hydrolyzed keratin is the key structural material making up the outer layer of human skin.
Hydrolyzed keratin is also the key structural component of hair and nails.
Offers detangling and also provides targeted repair to the most damaged areas of the hair's surface.
Hydrolyzed keratin finds use in hair care.


Hydrolyzed keratin acts as a conditioning agent.
Hydrolyzed keratin is used for chemically treated hair.
Conditions hair, strengthens the strand and improves its elasticity, contributing to make it resistant to breakage.
This daily-use formula leaves hair more manageable and easier to style, because it keeps it sealed from roots to ends.


Contributes to improve the health of the hair follicles, promoting the growth of stronger and healthier strands.
Liquid organic fertilizer based on concentrated keratin hydrolysate in NPK 9-2-3 formulation with amino acids, specially designed for stages of vegetative growth.
With free amino acids that provide resistance to water stress factors, inclement weather, pests and diseases and a great implicit bio stimulant effect.


Hydrolyzed keratin is used for damaged hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin is an ideal option for daily use, repairing the hair structure and strengthening it.
Contains hydrolyzed keratin that contributes to improve the health of the strand, to maintain the cuticle sealed and to improve the hair’s sheen.
Perfect complement to prolong and give maintenance to straightening procedures, especially those keratin-based.


Hydrolyzed keratin reduces hair damage from harsh chemicals
Acts also as a protective care substance on the skin
Hydrolyzed keratin can be added to formulas as is; add to water-phase of formula.
Recommended use level: 1-5%. Store in refrigerator.


Applications include All kinds of hair care products including shampoos, hair conditioners, hair balms, hair pomades and also skin care products including lotions and creams.
Hydrolyzed keratin recovers hair elasticity, restoring lost keratin to the hair.
Rebuilding hair strands, Hair Brasil Liquid Keratin restores the vitality, elasticity and shine of your hair.


Hydrolyzed keratin reinforcing and repairing existing damage.
Functions are actives-hydrolized protein.
Applications are Hair Conditioner, MaskBaby Product, Hair Fixative Shampoo, Shower Gel, Body Wash.
Hydrolyzed keratin is a hydrolysate of keratin protein derived from acid, enzyme, and other method of hydrolysis, which has been applied in many areas including feed and food industry, pharmacy, fertilizers, pesticides, environmental protection, leather industry, and cosmetics.


Specifically, Hydrolyzed keratin can be mixed with polyamide 6 blend to prepare nanofibres for adsorption of chromium (Ⅵ).
Moreover, Hydrolyzed keratin may act as an effective component to fabricate shampoo, bath, and shower gel.
In addition, Hydrolyzed keratin can be used as an effective ingredient to produce odor-removing and deodorizing composition.
Besides, Hydrolyzed keratin has been demonstrated to function as an useful agent for hair fixatives.


Hydrolyzed keratin is a processed form of keratin that facilitates its use in skin care formulations.
Hydrolyzed keratin reduces hair breakage and damage.
Hydrolyzed keratin act as a natural protective layer and improve tensile strength
Hydrolyzed keratin reduces hair damage from harsh chemicals and sun


Hydrolyzed keratin acts also as a protects and hydrates skin and hair
Coats damaged hair with protein preventing split end
Strengthens and smooths hair
Hydrolyzed keratin reduces frizz and static electricity caused by dryness


Hydrolyzed keratin boosts volume and body, allows hair to hold styles much better
Hydrolyzed keratin is very effective in hair care, forming a protective barrier to prevent moisture loss and damage
Hydrolyzed keratin strengthens hair, increasing elasticity and reduces breakage
Hair feels silky, soft and more manageable


Hydrolyzed keratin is used Conditions and moisturises skin
Hydrolyzed keratin is used for dry, damaged, or processed hair
Hydrolyzed keratin is used in Hair care products, Shampoos, Conditioners, Creams & Lotions
Hydrolyzed keratin is suitable for all skin types


Hydrolyzed keratin is used on damaged hair from being damaged by chemicals or heat, such as through dyeing or perming, to help restore hair To come back strong, moisturized and shiny as before.
Hydrolyzed keratin is used on permed hair to help make your hair look more beautiful.
This is because the polypeptide strands are absorbed into the hair and make the hair peptide binding more tightly.


Hydrolyzed keratin is used For hair restoration and nourishing products, which may be in the form of shampoos, conditioners, hair conditioners, hair sprays.
Hydrolyzed keratin is widely used in personal care products.
A major chunk of Hydrolyzed keratin is composed of cysteine which is known to fill the gaps in the cuticle and repair it.


When used in hair protection sprays, Hydrolyzed keratin makes hair more resilient to heat damage.
Hydrolyzed keratin increases the tensile strength of the hair and ensures that breakage is minimised.
Hydrolyzed keratin is added to serums which are marketed to prevent the occurrence of split ends.
With continuous use, Hydrolyzed keratin makes the hair strands thicker and the overall hair look voluminous.


Hydrolyzed keratin is increasingly been used in hair treatment products like hair masks, conditioners, and salon treatments.
Hydrolyzed keratin is used as ANTISTATIC, FILM FORMING, HAIR CONDITIONING, HUMECTANT, SKIN CONDITIONING
Hydrolyzed keratin is used in Personal care, Hair care and cosmetics
Hydrolyzed keratin is used in Concentrations of 1-5% and added to the diluent phase of mixtures


Revitalizes the hairs natural protective layer and rebuilds tensile strength
Reduces hair damage from harsh chemicals
Hydrolyzed Keratin is a Hair Conditioning ingredient and helps to increase the softness or smoothness of hair, reduce tangles, and to reduce surface roughness.


Functions of Hydrolyzed keratin are Revitalizing, moisturizing, luster restoring, protection,
increases the amount of hair cystine and tensile strength.
Applications are Hair shampoo, conditioner, hair care treatment,


Skin care treatment of Hydrolyzed keratin include serum and moisturizer.
Cosmetic Uses of Hydrolyzed keratin are cleansing agents, hair conditioning, skin conditioning, surfactants
In hair conditioners, keratin supplements the lack of building components of a hair.


Hydrolyzed keratin's particles build themselves in damaged places of hair sheath subsequently strengthening them and increasing their elasticity as well as volume by means of the creation of protective colloids which protect the hair against harmful effects of oxidative (paints) and reducing preparations.


Hydrolyzed keratin is used in hair and nail conditioners, hair sprays, nail enamels, bubble baths, after-shaves, anti-dandruff shampoos and preparations, preparations for stylization of hair, permanent wave, bleaching preparations, preparations in the form of foam, regenerative hair conditioners (a type of "fluid hair").
Applied For Nourishment & Moisturization


Hydrolyzed keratin is a protein fragment that not only coats but also penetrates the hair shaft to replace missing keratin in microscopic gaps along the hair shaft, resulting in smooth and shiny hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin is not meant to be used for straightening your hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin helps rebuild the hair’s natural protective layer, making it stronger and more elastic while reducing hair breakage and splitting.


Hydrolyzed keratin increases the diameter of hair fibers, giving a fuller appearance to fine and thin hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin also increases the hair’s ability to retain moisture and reduces frizz and flyaways caused by dryness.
If your expensive salon keratin treatment has started to wear off, adding hydrolyzed keratin to your shampoo, conditioner or leave-in conditioner could help extend the time between salon straightening services.


Hydrolyzed keratin can be incorporated into all kinds of water-based hair care products.
You can add it to your shampoo and conditioner at a concentration between 0.2%-3%.
The optimum use rate may vary depending on the condition of your hair.
Make sure not to exceed the maximum concentration of up to 3%, because if you use too much, your hair can become stiff or look greasy.


Hydrolyzed keratin can also be added to your deep conditioner and left in your hair under a shower cap for about an hour.
Make sure to rinse thoroughly and follow up with a moisturizing conditioner.
Hydrolyzed Keratin Cas No: 69430-36-0 is used in all kinds of Hair care products, such as shampoo, conditioner.


-Usage rate: 1-10% at the cool down phase.
Try Hydrolyzed keratin at a percentage:
*5% for frequent use hair conditioner
*8-10% in reinforced dry hair intensive treatment mask
*3% in hand and nail cream!
*0.5-2.0% (1.0% recommended for hair rejuvenation in shampoo or conditioner formula, rinse-off type and recommended 2.0% for leave-on hair treatment/mask)


-Antistatic:
Reduces static electricity by neutralizing the electrical charge on a surface
-Film forming agent:
Produces a continuous film on the skin, hair or nails
-Hair conditioner:
Leaves hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and/or gives volume, lightness and shine


-Humectant:
Maintains the water content of a cosmetic in its packaging and on the skin
-Skin conditioning agent:
Keeps the skin in good condition


-Skin care:
Hydrolyzed keratin is used as a humectant to keep the moisture intact and skin conditioning agent, to maintain softness, suppleness.
Hydrolyzed keratin is also used as a film forming agent to produce a continuous film on the skin as well as nails


-Cosmetic Uses:
*antistatic agents
*emulsion stabilisers
*hair conditioning
*viscosity controlling agents
*In nail enamels and conditioners:
Hydrolyzed keratin regenerates the structure of damaged plaque and results in its hardening and strengthening, prevents hair breaking and splitting as well as bears extreme similarity to proteins existing in skin and hair.


-Hydrolyzed keratin is especially recommended for the production of conditioners for the following types of nails:
*yellow with discolorations,
*damaged and splitting,
*thin and easily cracking,
*breaking,
*with dried and cracking epidermis as well as preparations hiding nail irregularities and becoming the basis for enamel.



HOW HYDROLYZED KERATIN WORKS:
Hydrolyzed keratin works by getting absorbed into the hair because of its low molecular weight.
Hydrolyzed keratin works by replenishing the hair of the protein loss and by depositing the proteins on it.
Hydrolyzed keratin is usually used in the range of 1%-5%.
Hydrolyzed keratin is soluble in water and insoluble in oil.



HOW TO USE- HYDROLYZED KERATIN:
Add to the water phase of any formula.
Must be added at room temperature or temperature below 40oC to avoid masking its effectiveness.
Add emulsifying ingredients and then add solvents.



HYDROLYZED KERATIN - NATURE:
Hydrolyzed keratin is a 3 kinds of branched chain amino acid L A LEUCINE, L isoleucine, L_valine composition of the sterilization solution, is colorless or almost colorless clear liquid.
Each lOOmL contains L-leucine 1.65g,L-isoleucine 1. 35g, and L-valine 1.26g.
The pH was 5.5-7.5. In addition to the high content, other properties are with a 3 amino acid injection a 3 41-like.



WHY YOU SHOULD BE USING HYDROLYZED KERATIN PROTEIN?
Hair consists of about 80% Keratin.
Keratin will strengthen all 3 layers of the hair i.e. Cuticle, Cortex and Medulla.
Keratin protein is the strongest of the proteins found in hair products.



WHY IS HYDROLYZED KERATIN PROTEIN IMPORTANT?
Hydrolyze means to break up into smaller pieces, in a nonspecific manner, basically to fragment the protein.
The Hydrolyzed Keratin proteins have been broken down in order to deposit itself on to the hair shaft in the regions of porosity and damage due to it’s low molecular structure.

The Hydrolyzed Keratin Proteins are small enough to go beyond the cuticle and penetrate the hair shaft due to it's low molecular weight; therefore, reducing damage.
Since hair is made from Keratin, it is by far the best protein to treat hair that has been damaged by chemicals and heavy manipulation.

Keratin is known to replace the amino acid cysteine, which is lost during chemical processing.
The cysteine bridges are broken, during the chemical process, resulting in a damaged and weakened hair.
Hydrolyzed Keratin increases the amount of cysteine available to the hair, thus, minimizing damage and increasing tensile strength.

Keratin has a unique strength and protective quality.
Hydrolyzed Keratin Protein particles are known to fill in the cracks along damaged areas in the hair shaft subsequently strengthening the hair, increasing elasticity and volume.

Due to its moisture binding capabilities, Hydrolyzed Keratin Protein increases the moisture content in the hair, restoring luster, body, and increasing manageability.
Hydrolyzed Keratin Protein Is Not A permanent ‘fix’ for damaged hair/split ends! Hydrolyzed Keratin Protein is ‘attracted’ to the hair and it will still rinse off the hair eventually - in fact rather quickly.



HOW CAN YOU REPAIR DAMAGED HAIR?
By applying protein reconstructor treatments (with Keratin) to your hair regularly to maintain the desired result.
By conditioning with products that contain Hydrolyzed Keratin Protein, you are effectively replacing the missing and damaged keratin from your hair, thus, keeping the hair strong, resilient, as well as pliable.



HYDROLYZED KERATIN - STANDARD:
Hydrolyzed keratin is a fully methylated cyclic siloxane containing a repeating unit [-(c h 3) 2sk), wherein> is 4, 5, or 6, or a mixture thereof. (C2H6OSi).
The content shall not be less than 98.0% based on the total amount of cyclomethyl silicone 4, cyclomethyl silicone 5 and cyclomethyl silicone 6.
The unit containing cyclomethyl silicone shall be 95.0% to 105 of the labeled amount, 0%.



HYDROLYZED KERATIN - TRAIT:
Hydrolyzed keratin is colorless and transparent oily liquid.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROLYZED KERATIN:
Hydrolyzed keratin is derived from wool and is a light yellow to amber transparent liquid with a special odor.
Hydrolyzed keratin must be treated with a special biological treatment, into a short peptide, can be bioavailable.
The treated keratin is a potential source of high quality protein with high nutritional value and stable quality.



PREPARATION OF HYDROLYZED KERATIN:
Hydrolyzed Keratin may be prepared from sheep wool.
The wool is first washed to remove soil and debris and then boiled to remove residual oils.
Next, the wool is enzyme-hydrolyzed under mild conditions for 4-6 hours.
When the target molecular weight is reached, the pH is adjusted to neutralize the enzyme.

The resultant solution is a mixture of Hydrolyzed Keratin fractions with a molecular weight of ~ 1000 Da.
The solution may be diluted to produce a 30% active material.
Hydrolyzed Keratin products (MW = 310 Da, 320 Da, and 11,000 Da, respectively) are prepared by acidic, alkaline and/or enzymatic hydrolysis of sheep wool until the molecular weight reaches the target range.



HOW TO USE HYDROLYZED KERATIN
How to use hydrolyzed keratine in haircare?
If you are struggling with dry, dull, rough, and coarse hair, then you should consider incorporating hair keratin into your haircare regime.
Hydrolyzed Keratin can be used in two ways to improve the structure of your hair, giving it a fuller appearance.
You can apply a store-brought protein treatment or go for a DIY protein treatment.

-Store-brought keratin & protein treatment:
Most store-bought Keratin or protein treatments have moisturizing ingredients in the formulation so that you can apply the treatment easily to hair.
To ensure that hair is not over-processed:
Follow the instructions on the label.
You may need a processing cap, hooded dryer, or processing cap for specific treatments.
Make sure you have everything you need.
Don't exceed the time or measurements recommended.

-DIY keratin treatment:
The best part of DIY keratin treatment is that you can customize it according to your needs.
For the DIY hair keratin treatment, follow these simple steps:
The first step is to decide the hair product you'll add hydrolyzed Keratin to deep conditioner shampoo, conditioner, or all three.
If you add protein to your hair products, you can use them as you usually would.
Measure how much hair product you'll use after you have chosen the product.
Calculate the amount of protein you need based on the recommended concentration.
You will need between 2 and 10 ml hydrolyzed Keratin.
After you have determined the portion size, measure it, pour it into the desired container, and mix it up.
Apply the mixture evenly to your hair. Avoid touching the scalp to prevent clogged pores.
Rinse your hair thoroughly after the time is up.



HOW TO CHOOSE HYDROLYZED KERATIN IN HAIRCARE?
You have two options for choosing hydrolyzed Keratin for your hair- Store-Brought Keratin Treatment & DIY Keratin Treatment.
You can choose anyone depending upon the requirements of your hair.
Due to time constraints, If you want to go hassle-free, you can go for a store-bought one, or if you want to customize the keratin treatment according to your haircare needs, you can choose a DIY hair keratin treatment.



WHERE DOES HYDROLYZED KERATIN COME FROM?
Keratin is naturally produced within the body, just like biotin.
Biotin, a water-soluble vitamin, assists in the metabolism of protein which provides a foundation for keratin.
You can also find keratin in food sources.
Foods high in vitamin C, biotin, lean protein and whole grains are keratin-rich and improve keratin in your nails and hair.
Topical products like nail treatments, lotions, shampoo and conditioner also contain hydrolyzed keratin.



WHAT DOES HYDROLYZED KERATIN DO TO YOUR HAIR?
When you use hydrolyzed keratin on your hair topically, it helps fill the minor gaps throughout the hair shaft, including its three layers - the medulla, cortex and cuticle.
It’s like pouring cement into a crack.
When the broken down protein fills these microscopic gaps, hair gets the strength to minimize damage from chemical treatments, heat styling, mechanical manipulation and the sun.



BENEFITS OF HYDROLYZED KERATIN:
Hydrolyzed keratin can repair and condition damaged hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin strengthen hair fibers and reduce hair breakage.
Hydrolyzed keratin are often added to hair coloring products for even color absorption.

Hydrolyzed keratin protects the hair from the damaging effects of permanent bleaching, waving, and straightening products.
Hydrolyzed keratin improves the texture and natural structure of the hair and forms a protective coating to shield the strands.
Hydrolyzed keratin boosts hair moisture and elasticity and protects it from heat and photo-damage .

Hydrolyzed keratin retains water content in the cortex by bonding with residual amino acids produced by hair proteins .
Research shows that hydrolyzed keratin can help stimulate hair growth.
Protein hydrolysates protect the hair from chemical and environmental aggressors to prevent hair damage.

Hydrolyzed keratin also helps seal hair cuticles.
This minimizes frizz and prevents flyaways.
The amino acids from hydrolyzed proteins neutralize the negative electrical charge on the hair to eliminate frizz and friction.

Hydrolyzed keratin has a similar amino acid structure to that of natural human hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin is known to improve the tensile strength of damaged hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin maintains the health and youth of hair and nails and strengthens them: hair is shinier, less brittle, hair loss is slowed down, nails are more supple.

Hydrolyzed keratin strengthens skin by protecting from free radicals, and softens it and makes it more supple.
Reduces frizz, shedding and breakage.
Increases smoothness and elasticity with its moisture-binding abilities.
Essentially, hydrolyzed keratin helps rebuild the hair’s natural protective layer from the inside by increasing the diameter of each strand.

This gives a fuller appearance and replaces lost protein.
When hair treatments contain broken down or hydrolyzed keratin, it creates a protective barrier on the hair and simultaneously imparts shine.
Hydrolyzed keratin works on the skin too, and it restores moisture and improves the elasticity of the skin.

Hydrolyzed keratin's moisturizing properties make shampoos and conditioners that contain hydrolyzed keratin a go-to option for those with brittle, dry or limp hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin is an excellent choice to tame unruly hair and make it more manageable.

As hair is made from keratin, Hydrolyzed keratin is one of the best proteins to treat hair that’s heavily manipulated or chemically damaged.
Usually, when hair undergoes chemical processes, the amino acid cysteine breaks down and results in weakened and damaged hair.
Keratin is known to replace this lost cysteine.

Hydrolyzed keratin increases cysteine content, which increases tensile strength and minimizes damage.
Hydrolyzed keratin also increases volume, strengthens your hair, and restores luster.
Simply put, hydrolyzed keratin protein gets the job done because it has a low molecular weight.

Hydrolyzed Keratin can penetrate the hair cuticle.
This helps Hydrolyzed Keratin to take effect with more potency than say, something that merely sits on top of the hair.
Because Hydrolyzed keratin has a low molecular weight, Hydrolyzed keratin can penetrate the hair cuticle.

Helps repair damaged, broken and processed hair and helps hair grow.
Pure keratin oil is a protein that provides protection from the harmful rays of the sun.
Hydrolyzed keratin shows a straightening effect on hair that is electrified, swells and does not take shape easily.

Hydrolyzed keratin is applied directly to the hair.
To put it briefly, drinkable hydrolyzed keratin is a unique option for you to achieve the results you want in hair and nail health.
Hydrolyzed keratin can penetrate down to the lowest layer of hair and nails.

Hydrolyzed keratin can easily reach the cavities of the three layers that make up the hair - the medulla, cortex and cuticle.
By filling these gaps, Hydrolyzed keratin enables the hair to develop defense against external factors and increases its durability.
While protecting it from possible damage, Hydrolyzed keratin brings the hair that has lost its vitality back to life and makes them look brighter.

Hydrolyzed keratin strengthens the hair and prevents possible hair loss and breakage.
Hydrolyzed keratin repairs the dry and lifeless look created by dangerous sun rays, chemical treatments and hair styling that requires high heat.
Hydrolyzed keratin improves hair texture.

Thus, the problem of electrification is reduced in the hair, which has a smoother texture.
Hydrolyzed keratin increases the density of the hair.
Because by adding a new protein to replace the lost protein, Hydrolyzed keratin supports the protective layer of the hair from the inside and gives it a fuller appearance.

In addition to its positive effects that strengthen the hair, Hydrolyzed keratin also increases the durability of the nails.
Hydrolyzed keratin prevents breakage and weakness while extending the nails.
By repairing the damage caused by chemical applications such as permanent nail polish on the nails, Hydrolyzed keratin allows the nails to regain their former vitality.

Hydrolyzed keratin contributes to the healing process of thinned, damaged and dull nails that have lost their lively and shiny appearance.
Fights hair loss and promotes hair growth.
Helps restore life, volume and density to your hair.

Reduces frizz and smoothens hair.
Improves hair texture and adds shine instantly.
Free from silicone and other nasty toxins.

Suitable for all hair types.
Hair Fiber Reconstruction
Break strength

Healthy strands
Softness
Silkyness

Extra Brightness
Thermal protection
Supports hair brightness, density, and volume by bonding with hair strands.

Supports healthy, lustrous-looking hair.
Helps strengthen, nourish, and hydrate hair.

*Strengthens and protects:
When hydrolyzed keratin is used topically on the hair, it helps fill the minor gaps throughout the hair shaft, including its three layers known as the cuticle, cortex, and medulla.
Filling these microscopic gaps with broken-down protein helps to strengthen hair's structure, thereby improving its overall elasticity.

*Reduces damage:
Hydrolyzed keratin minimizes the damaging effects of sun exposure, heat styling, chemical treatments, and combing hair—tangled tresses, especially.

*Fights frizz:
Studies show that hydrolyzed keratin can improve hair's texture so that it looks and feels smoother.
In other words, Hydrolyzed Keratin's a frizz-fighting machine.

*Softens hair:
After chemical treatments that use hydrolyzed keratin, hair will feel softer and bouncier.

*Moisturizes:
Hydrolyzed Keratin acts as a humectant, which draws moisture into the hair.

*Increases density:
Hydrolyzed Keratin also helps to rebuild the natural protective layer of hair from the inside by replacing lost protein and increasing each strand’s diameter, which gives it a fuller appearance.

*Moisturizes hair:
Hydrolyzed keratin keeps the strands well moisturized for a longer period of time.

*Repairs the damaged strands:
In the damaged hair, the amino acid-cysteine breaks down which leads to damaged and brittle hair, hydrolyzed keratin protein increases the cysteine content in the hair shaft, thus repairing the damaged strands.

*Tames frizzy hair:
Hydrolyzed keratin conditions the dry and frizzy hair, makes it more manageable.

*Adds shine to hair:
Hydrolyzed keratin forms a thin protective film over the hair, adding shine to the strands.

*Increases tensile strength of hair:
Hydrolyzed keratin makes the hair soft and improves the elasticity, prevents breakage and split ends.

*Strengthens:
The application of hydrolyzed Keratin topically can fill in the small gaps along the hair shaft.
This includes the three layers of the cuticle, cortex, and medulla. Keratin helps fill these minor gaps along the hair shaft, strengthening the hair and improving its overall elasticity.

*Reduces damage:
Hydrolyzed keratin forms a protective layer on the surface of the hair, protecting it from heat and extreme climatic conditions, and reducing the chances of hair damage.

*Fights frizz:
Hydrolyzed Keratin can make your hair soft and frizz-free by keeping it hydrated and well-conditioned.

*Moisturizes:
A powerful humectant hydrolyzed Keratin is effective in keeping your hair well moisturized.

*Improves hair density:
Hydrolyzed keratin forms a protective layer by filling the gaps, replacing the lost protein, and enhancing the overall diameter of the hair, thus improving its density.



MECHANISM OF HYDROLYZED KERATIN:
A triple novelty and superiority compared to other keratin products:
The different proteins that make up the Hydrolyzed keratin are separated, with very specific activities.
They are intact and therefore similar to native keratin.
The activity of the cysteine is fully restored.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROLYZED KERATIN:
Hydrolyzed keratin is a large protein molecule that is broken down after a chemical process in a manner such that it can penetrate the hair cuticle.
Hydrolyzed keratin is sourced from a larger keratin molecule.
Keratin is broken down by splitting its bond with the addition of hydrogen and hydroxide (water).
At the end of the chemical process, the keratin is reduced into smaller fragments that the hair can absorb, thanks to its lower molecular weight.



HOW TO USE HYDROLYZED KERATIN?
Before choosing a product containing hydrolyzed keratin, it is necessary to pay attention to the function of the other components it contains and how it results.
In addition, instead of turning to products that will cause you to get a superficial care; you need to choose healthy methods that nourish your hair and nails from the inside.

At this point, you can take advantage of the power of nutritional supplements.
Drinkable hydrolyzed keratin supplement, suitable for all hair types, that you can use daily, is the shortest way to revitalize your hair and nails!
Sincere support has a positive effect on your health in general, while also helping you achieve the aesthetic appearance and durability you desire.

Whether your hair is difficult to style, dry or damaged, include hydrolyzed keratin in your haircare arsenal.
In no time will your hair look and feel shinier, softer, fuller and stronger.
Hydrolyzed Keratin provides moisturizing benefits for both hair and skin.

Can be used in hair treatment, shampoo, conditioner, styling, leave-in, bodywash, body lotion, body treatments, cleanser, toner, facial moisturizer, face, treatment, mascara, lipstick, color cosmetics, makeup foundation.
You can find many hair care products like shampoos, conditioners, hair masks, and serums containing Hydrolyzed keratin.
Use these products regularly to improve the hair texture and tensile strength and repair damaged hair.

*DIY Hair Products:
Add a concentration of 0.5-3% of hydrolyzed keratin to your regular shampoo, conditioner, or hair mask to condition and protect the hair.

*Deep Conditioning Treatment:
You can add 0.5-3% concentration of hydrolyzed keratin to any deep conditioning treatment.
Apply the product, put on a shower cap, and leave the treatment on overnight.
Wash it off in the morning.



HAIR TYPE CONSIDERATIONS:
Hydrolyzed keratin is beneficial for most hair types, but will have more benefits for people with curly, kinky, dry, or damaged hair.
High porosity hair types that have been weakened from chemical processes like color treatments, chemical relaxers, or sun damage benefit from keratin treatments.
The hydrolyzed keratin will fill the gaps in the hair strands that are weak.
Hydrolyzed keratin is a powerful ingredient, so it shouldn’t be applied as often as, say, a moisturizing deep conditioner.



IS HYDROLYZED KERATIN GOOD FOR CURLY HAIR?
Curly and kinky hair is porous and brittle and has a weak hair structure.
Hydrolyzed keratin can easily penetrate curly hair and improve its protein content to strengthen the strands and enhance the hair structure.
Hydrolyzed keratin may help enhance curl definition, so Hydrolyzed keratin is often suggested to be used in DIY hair masks and products.
Curly hair is more prone to damage and dryness, and hydrolyzed keratin can help minimize these issues.
Hydrolyzed keratin makes curly hair more manageable and frizz-free.
Hydrolyzed keratin also improves hair color and shine.



IS HYDROLYZED KERATIN VEGAN?
Hydrolyzed keratin is not vegan.
Keratin is derived from feathers, wool, nails, and other parts of animals.
However, hydrolyzed protein can be synthesized from the amino acid extracted from soy, wheat, and corn.
It is not be as effective as animal-derived keratin and may not restore the damaged hair structure.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HYDROLYZED KERATIN:
Boiling Point: 214.8°C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 31.5°C
pH: 5.5-7.5
Solubility: Soluble in water
Physical state: solid
Colour: various
Odour: characteristic
pH (value): not applicable
Melting point/freezing point: 354 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 116 °C
Flash point: 12 °C
Evaporation rate: not determined
Flammability (solid, gas): this material is combustible, but will not ignite readily
Explosion limits of dust clouds: not determined

Vapour pressure: not determined
Density: not determined
Vapour density: this information is not available
Relative density: information on this property is not available
Solubility(ies): not determined
Partition coefficient - n-octanol/water (log KOW): this information is not available
Auto-ignition temperature: not determined
Viscosity: not relevant (solid matter)
Explosive properties: none
Oxidising properties: none
pH value: 5.0-5.8.
Contains: 20-23% of protein
Molecular weight: 1,100-3,300 Dal
Derived: From Sheep's Wool

Ph: 5.0 - 7.5
Moisture: 7% Max.
Ash: 6% Max.
Protein: 90% Min.
Density: 0.2g/Ml Min.
Heavy Metal: 10ppm Max.
Lead: 1ppm Max.
Arsenic: 1ppm Max.
Mercury: 0.5ppm Max.
Average Molecular Weight: 2000da Max.
Total Bacterias: Coliforms: Salmonella: Absent /25g
Molds And Yeasts: Storage Condition: Keep Package Sealed Under Cool And Dry Place
Shelf Life: Two Years



FIRST AID MEASURES of HYDROLYZED KERATIN:
-General notes:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Never give anything by mouth.
-Following inhalation:
Provide fresh air.
-Following skin contact:
Rinse skin with water/shower.
-Following eye contact:
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Continue rinsing.
Irrigate copiously with clean, fresh water for at least 10 minutes, holding the eyelids apart.
-Following ingestion:
Rinse mouth with water.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HYDROLYZED KERATIN:
-Environmental precautions:
Keep away from drains, surface and ground water.
-Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:
*Advice on how to contain a spill:
Covering of drains, Take up mechanically.
*Advice on how to clean up a spill:
Take up mechanically.
-Other information relating to spills and releases:
Place in appropriate containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HYDROLYZED KERATIN:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water, Foam, ABC-powder



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HYDROLYZED KERATIN:
-Exposure controls:
*Appropriate engineering controls:
General ventilation.
-Individual protection measures (personal protective equipment):
*Eye/face protection:
Wear eye/face protection.
*Hand protection:
Wear protective gloves.
*Respiratory protection:
Particulate filter device (EN 143).
-Environmental exposure controls:
Use appropriate container to avoid environmental contamination.
Keep away from drains, surface and ground water.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HYDROLYZED KERATIN:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on general occupational hygiene:
Wash hands after use.
Do not eat, drink and smoke in work areas.
Never keep food or drink in the vicinity of chemicals.
Never place chemicals in containers that are normally used for food or drink.
Keep away from food, drink and animal feedingstuffs.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HYDROLYZED KERATIN:
-Chemical stability:
The material is stable under normal ambient and anticipated storage and handling conditions of temperature and pressure.



SYNONYMS:
HP (eluent)
Promois WK-F
Nutrilan Keratin W
K-D
Keratide
qua, Laurdimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed
INSTANT BCAA
KERATIN (5% IN WATER)
Proteinhydrolysat
Hydrolysed protein
HYDROLYSED KERATINE
Keratin hydrolyzate
Branched amino acid
CL245
from Wool
Keratin hydrozylates (powder)
Keratins, hydrolyzates
Keratins, hydrolyzates
aminomethylpropanol salt of the condensation product of isostearic acid chloride with hydrolyzed keratin
hydrolyzed animal keratin
extrapone cashmere GW (Symrise)
extrapone cashmere GW N (Symrise)
crotein cashmere
crotein cashmere PE
crotein HKP powder
crotein K
crotein WKP
kerasol
keratin amino acids
keratin hydrolysate
keratin hydrolyzed
keratin, hydrolyzed
keratins, hydrolyzates
BCAA
Cattle hair
Proteinhydrolysat
Hydrolyzed keratin
HYDROLYZED KERATIN
Keratin hydrolyzed
Keratin, hydrolyzed
Keratin hydrolyzate
Compound amino acid
HYDROLYSED KERATINE
Keratins, hydrolyzates
Hydrolyzed animal keratin
Keratins,cattle horn,saponified and neutralized
Keratins, cattle horn, saponified and neutralized

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is a cosmetic and personal care ingredient derived from keratin, a fibrous protein that is a fundamental structural component of hair, skin, and nails in humans and animals.
The hydrolysis process breaks down the large keratin protein molecules into smaller fragments, called peptides, or individual amino acids.
This hydrolyzed form of keratin is used in various hair and skin care products due to its purported benefits for strengthening, conditioning, and nourishing hair and skin.

CAS Number: 69430-36-0
EC Number: 274-001-1

Hydrolyzed keratin, Keratin hydrolysate, Keratin peptides, Keratin amino acids, Hydrolyzed human hair keratin, Hydrolyzed wool keratin, Hydrolyzed animal keratin, Keratin-derived peptides, Keratin protein fragments, Hydrolyzed keratin complex, Keratin hydrolyzate, Keratin-derived hydrolysate, Hydrolyzed keratin powder, Keratinized protein hydrolysate, Keratin amino acid blend, Keratin extract, Hydrolyzed keratin concentrate, Keratin enzymatic hydrolysate, Keratin protein hydrolyzed, Keratin degradation products, Keratin protease hydrolysate, Keratinized collagen hydrolysate, Keratin enzymatic digest, Keratin protease-derived peptides, Keratin fibrous protein hydrolysate, Hydrolyzed keratin powder, Keratin soluble peptides, Keratin enzymatic breakdown products, Keratinized hair protein hydrolysate, Keratin source-derived hydrolysate, Keratin enzymatic degradation, Keratin depolymerized fragments, Keratin micropeptides, Keratin biopolymer hydrolysate, Keratinized tissue hydrolyzate, Keratin proteolytic fragments, Keratin enzymatic cleavage products, Keratin-derived hydrolyzate, Keratin endopeptidase hydrolysate, Keratin cleaved peptides, Hydrolyzed keratin by-products, Keratin fiber hydrolysate, Keratin hydrolyzation derivatives, Keratin macromolecule hydrolysate, Keratin split products, Keratin-derived digests, Hydrolyzed keratin solution, Keratin enzymatic breakdown, Keratin solubilized peptides, Keratin hydrolyzed solution, Keratin isolated fragments, Hydrolyzed keratin dispersion, Keratin disintegrated products, Keratin decomposed hydrolysate, Keratin proteolytic digest, Keratin hydrolyzate concentrate, Hydrolyzed keratin liquid



APPLICATIONS


Hydrolyzed keratin protein finds extensive application in hair care products, including shampoos and conditioners, to improve hair strength and manageability.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is commonly used in leave-in hair treatments, offering continuous nourishment and protection against environmental stressors.

Salon treatments often incorporate hydrolyzed keratin for professional-grade hair repair and rejuvenation.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is a key ingredient in hair masks, providing an intensive conditioning experience for damaged or brittle hair.

Styling products such as hair serums and creams utilize hydrolyzed keratin to impart a glossy finish and control frizz.
Volumizing hair products often feature hydrolyzed keratin to enhance the structural integrity of individual hair strands.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is prevalent in products designed for color-treated hair, helping maintain vibrancy and protect against color fading.
Certain nail care formulations include Hydrolyzed keratin protein to strengthen and nourish nails, promoting overall nail health.
Anti-aging skincare products may incorporate Hydrolyzed keratin protein for its potential to improve skin texture and hydration.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein's film-forming properties make it suitable for hair styling products, offering hold and structure.
In hair serums and oils, hydrolyzed keratin contributes to a lightweight and non-greasy formulation for easy application.

Scalp treatments often utilize hydrolyzed keratin to nourish the scalp and promote a healthy environment for hair growth.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein-infused hair sprays provide a protective barrier, helping to shield hair from humidity and environmental factors.
Products designed for chemically treated hair, such as permed or relaxed hair, may contain hydrolyzed keratin for repair and strengthening.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is used in the formulation of heat protectant sprays to minimize damage caused by styling tools.
Hair primers and pre-styling products often feature hydrolyzed keratin to create a smooth canvas for styling.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is incorporated into detangling sprays and leave-in conditioners to ease the combing and brushing of hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is utilized in hair restructuring treatments, providing long-lasting benefits for damaged or over-processed hair.
Certain skincare formulations may include hydrolyzed keratin for its moisturizing properties and potential skin barrier support.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is found in hair volumizing foams, contributing to lift and body without compromising hair health.
Conditioners for curly or textured hair may contain Hydrolyzed keratin protein to enhance curl definition and reduce frizz.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is used in certain hair-repairing capsules or ampoules for targeted treatment of specific hair concerns.
Products formulated for fine or thinning hair often incorporate Hydrolyzed keratin protein to enhance thickness and volume.

Hair-nourishing leave-in creams and lotions frequently feature Hydrolyzed keratin protein for sustained benefits throughout the day.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein's versatility allows its inclusion in a wide array of hair and skincare products, addressing diverse concerns and preferences.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is a common ingredient in split-end repair products, aiming to mend and prevent split ends for healthier-looking hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is featured in deep conditioning treatments, providing an extra layer of hydration and repair for dry or damaged hair.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein can be found in hair primers, creating a smooth foundation for subsequent styling products.
Anti-frizz hair serums often leverage Hydrolyzed keratin protein to control frizz and promote smoother, more manageable hair.

Products designed for frequent heat styling, such as flat irons or curling wands, may contain hydrolyzed keratin for thermal protection.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is utilized in volumizing mousses, contributing to enhanced fullness and body in the hair.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is a key component in split-end menders, helping to temporarily seal and strengthen damaged hair tips.
Certain hair-repairing masks use hydrolyzed keratin alongside other nourishing ingredients for a comprehensive treatment.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is incorporated into color-enhancing shampoos and conditioners, preserving the vibrancy of colored hair.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is a popular choice in lightweight hair lotions, providing a subtle and natural finish without weighing down the hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is often present in hair-repairing oils, offering an extra boost of nourishment for dry or brittle hair.

Styling gels may contain Hydrolyzed keratin protein to provide structure and hold while maintaining a flexible and touchable finish.
Certain hair-thickening products feature Hydrolyzed keratin protein for added volume and thickness, particularly in fine or thinning hair.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is included in hair glosses and shine sprays, contributing to a glossy and polished appearance.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is used in detangling leave-in sprays, making combing and brushing more manageable, especially for tangled hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein can be found in overnight hair masks, offering prolonged repair and nourishment while sleeping.

In certain hair growth products, Hydrolyzed keratin protein may play a role in supporting a healthy scalp environment for optimal hair growth.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is featured in 2-in-1 shampoo and conditioner formulations, providing convenience in a single product.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is included in pre-shampoo treatments to offer a protective barrier before the cleansing step, especially for chemically treated hair.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is found in hair-setting sprays, helping to maintain the structure and longevity of styled looks.
Certain frizz-control hair creams utilize hydrolyzed keratin to combat humidity and keep hair smoother for longer periods.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is included in hair-fortifying supplements, aiming to support overall hair health from within.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is utilized in protective hair serums for swimming, providing an additional layer of defense against chlorine and saltwater damage.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein may be present in hair perfumes or scented hair mists, combining fragrance with hair-nourishing properties.
In styling powders or dry shampoos, hydrolyzed keratin can contribute to texture and volume while refreshing the hair between washes.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is a key ingredient in keratin-infused hair masks designed to repair and strengthen hair fibers.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is often included in smoothing hair serums, contributing to the reduction of frizz and the promotion of sleek, polished hairstyles.

Curl-defining creams may incorporate Hydrolyzed keratin protein to enhance the natural curl pattern while providing moisture and structure.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is utilized in scalp treatments to nourish the scalp and create an optimal environment for healthy hair growth.
Certain hair-repairing leave-in conditioners feature Hydrolyzed keratin protein for continuous protection and nourishment throughout the day.

Volumizing dry shampoos may contain Hydrolyzed keratin protein to add texture and fullness while refreshing the hair between washes.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is included in split-end prevention sprays, acting as a proactive measure to minimize future damage.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is present in specialized color-protecting hair oils, offering both color preservation and overall hair health benefits.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is found in revitalizing hair tonics, promoting circulation and rejuvenating the scalp for healthier hair.

Leave-in detangling sprays often use Hydrolyzed keratin protein to ease the combing process and prevent breakage in tangled hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is incorporated into hair-building fibers, helping to create the appearance of fuller and thicker hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is used in hair primers for upstyling or intricate hairstyles, providing a smooth base for intricate styling.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein can be found in repairing hair balms, offering targeted care for specific damaged areas.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is utilized in post-sun exposure hair masks, providing soothing and replenishing properties for sun-damaged hair.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is a common component in hair-nourishing capsules, offering a concentrated dose of repair for damaged hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is included in humidity-resistant hair sprays, helping to maintain styles in damp or humid conditions.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is present in split-end binding lotions, temporarily sealing and reinforcing damaged hair tips.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is incorporated into lightweight hair mousses, providing volume and structure without a heavy or sticky feel.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein can be found in multi-action hair creams, offering a combination of styling, repair, and protection.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is used in UV-protective hair products, shielding the hair from the damaging effects of sun exposure.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is featured in strand-strengthening hair elixirs, promoting resilience and reducing breakage.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is included in sulfate-free clarifying shampoos, offering a gentle cleanse while maintaining hair's natural moisture.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein can be found in flexible-hold hair gels, providing structure without stiffness for versatile styling.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is present in hair-setting lotions, aiding in the creation and maintenance of long-lasting curls or waves.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is utilized in nourishing overnight hair serums, delivering reparative benefits while sleeping.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is featured in lightweight hair foams, providing styling support while maintaining a natural feel.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is commonly included in keratin-infused hair glosses, enhancing shine and promoting a polished appearance.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein can be found in rejuvenating hair tonics, contributing to scalp health and revitalizing hair follicles.
In split-end binding sprays, hydrolyzed keratin helps temporarily mend and strengthen damaged hair ends.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is used in protective hair serums with added antioxidants, shielding hair from environmental damage.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is present in nourishing hair lotions designed for daily use, offering continuous hydration and care.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is included in quick-dry hair mists, providing a fast-setting solution for on-the-go styling.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein can be found in anti-breakage hair masks, fortifying strands to reduce breakage and improve elasticity.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is utilized in lightweight hair powders for added texture and volume without weighing down the hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is featured in revitalizing hair sprays, offering a refreshing burst of hydration throughout the day.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is included in humidity-resistant hair balms, helping to combat frizz in damp or humid conditions.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is present in styling creams for textured or curly hair, enhancing definition and manageability.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is used in shine-enhancing hair oils, providing a luminous finish and promoting a healthy-looking sheen.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein can be found in hair-strengthening capsules, offering a targeted treatment for weakened areas.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is incorporated into hair-repairing ampoules, delivering concentrated care for specific hair concerns.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is featured in color-protecting hair primers, preserving vibrancy while preparing the hair for styling.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is used in revitalizing dry shampoos, providing a quick refresh while maintaining hair health.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein can be found in flexible-hold hair sprays, allowing for natural movement while providing control.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is included in strand-repairing leave-in conditioners, offering ongoing care for damaged or chemically treated hair.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is present in nourishing hair creams for textured or natural hair, promoting moisture and definition.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is used in multi-action hair serums, combining reparative, protective, and styling benefits in a single product.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein can be found in hair-building supplements, aiming to support overall hair health and growth.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is featured in weightless hair tonics, providing scalp care and promoting a balanced environment for hair growth.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is used in protective hair masks for swimmers, counteracting the effects of chlorine and saltwater.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is incorporated into shine-enhancing hair mists, offering a subtle and radiant finish for styled hair.



DESCRIPTION


Hydrolyzed keratin protein is a cosmetic and personal care ingredient derived from keratin, a fibrous protein that is a fundamental structural component of hair, skin, and nails in humans and animals.
The hydrolysis process breaks down the large keratin protein molecules into smaller fragments, called peptides, or individual amino acids.
This hydrolyzed form of keratin is used in various hair and skin care products due to its purported benefits for strengthening, conditioning, and nourishing hair and skin.

The chemical composition of hydrolyzed keratin protein can vary depending on the source and specific manufacturing processes.
Keratin itself is rich in amino acids, including cysteine, methionine, arginine, and others, which contribute to its structural and functional properties.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is often included in hair care formulations such as shampoos, conditioners, and treatments, as well as in skincare products like creams and lotions.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is believed to help improve the appearance and health of hair by reinforcing its structure, increasing shine, and reducing frizz.
In skincare, Hydrolyzed keratin protein is sometimes used for its potential moisturizing and skin-conditioning properties.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein, a cosmetic ingredient, is derived from the structural protein keratin found in hair, skin, and nails.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein undergoes a hydrolysis process, breaking it down into smaller peptides for use in various beauty formulations.
Renowned for its strengthening properties, Hydrolyzed keratin protein is a staple in hair care products designed to fortify and rejuvenate strands.

When applied, Hydrolyzed keratin protein forms a protective film on the hair, reducing frizz and enhancing overall manageability.
Hydrolyzed keratin's amino acid profile mirrors that of natural hair, contributing to its affinity for bonding with damaged areas.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is often incorporated into shampoos and conditioners to improve elasticity and promote a smoother texture.
In skincare, Hydrolyzed keratin protein may offer moisture-retention benefits, contributing to a softer and more supple complexion.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein's small molecular size allows it to penetrate the hair shaft, aiding in the repair of damaged cuticles.
Products containing Hydrolyzed keratin protein are sought after for their potential to revitalize chemically treated or heat-damaged hair.

Its ability to reinforce weak or brittle nails makes it a valued ingredient in certain nail care formulations.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is known for its film-forming properties, which can help protect hair from environmental stressors.
The lightweight nature of Hydrolyzed keratin protein allows for easy absorption into the hair, ensuring deep nourishment.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein's affinity for hair's natural structure makes it an excellent choice for products targeting split ends and breakage.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is often found in leave-in treatments, offering prolonged benefits for continuous hair health.
Beyond its reparative properties, it imparts a glossy finish to the hair, enhancing its natural luster.

Hydrolyzed keratin protein is compatible with various hair types, making it versatile in formulations for different textures and styles.
In certain skincare products, Hydrolyzed keratin protein contributes to a smoother skin surface and improved hydration.
Its ability to strengthen hair's structural integrity makes it a popular choice for products targeting volumizing effects.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein is often featured in professional salon treatments aimed at restoring and rejuvenating damaged hair.

For those with color-treated hair, products containing this protein may help extend the vibrancy of the color.
The inclusion of Hydrolyzed keratin protein in hair masks provides an intensive treatment for deep conditioning and repair.

Due to its water-soluble nature, Hydrolyzed keratin protein easily blends into various formulations without leaving a residue.
The application of hydrolyzed keratin-infused products can result in hair that feels smoother, softer, and more resilient.
Its biocompatibility with the skin makes it a sought-after ingredient for skincare products focusing on anti-aging benefits.
Hydrolyzed keratin protein's popularity in the beauty industry stems from its multifaceted benefits, addressing a spectrum of hair and skin concerns.



PROPERTIES


Boiling Point: 214.8°C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 31.5°C
pH: 5.5-7.5
Solubility: Soluble in water



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water.
If irritation or redness persists, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

In case of contact with eyes, flush the eyes gently with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding eyelids open.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation persists.


Ingestion:

If hydrolyzed keratin is ingested, do not induce vomiting.
Rinse the mouth with water and seek immediate medical attention.
Provide the medical professional with information about the product.


General First Aid:

If a person is unconscious, not breathing, or experiencing severe symptoms, call emergency services immediately.
Provide the medical professional with information about the product, including the product name and any available safety data sheets.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear suitable protective clothing, including gloves and safety goggles, to prevent skin contact and eye exposure.
If handling in an area with potential inhalation exposure, use respiratory protection as needed.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.
Avoid inhaling vapors or dust.

Avoid Contact:
Minimize skin contact with the substance.
Avoid eye contact.
In case of contact, rinse eyes thoroughly with water.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Remove and wash contaminated clothing promptly.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store hydrolyzed keratin in a cool, dry place.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures or direct sunlight, as this may affect the stability of the substance.

Containers:
Store in containers made of materials compatible with the substance to prevent contamination.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.

Separation:
Store away from incompatible materials and substances.

Handling Precautions:
Follow good manufacturing practices (GMP) and use proper hygiene measures during handling to prevent contamination.

Labeling:
Ensure proper labeling of containers with the product name, hazard symbols, and relevant safety information.

hydrolyzed malva sylvestris leaf extract; hydrolysate of an extract of the leaves of malva sylvestris derived by acid, enzyme, or other method of hydrolysis; Malva Sylvestris (Mallow) Extract. CAS NO:943929-21-3

Hydrolyzed milk protein; Protein hydrolysates, milk; Proteins, milk, hydrolysate. cas no: 8049-98-7

hydrolyzed panicum miliaceum; millet hydrolysate; zenicyl CAS NO: 227025-36-7

HYDROLYZED MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED EXTRACT; Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract; hydrolyzed hyperanthera moringa seed extract; hydrolyzed marango seed extract; hydrolyzed moringa zeylanica seed extract CAS NO:93165-54-9

hydrolyzed nettle leaf extract ;hydrolysate of urtica dioica leaf extract derived by acid, enzyme or other method of hydrolysis CAS NO:84012-40-8

protein hydrolyzates, oats; HYDROLYZED OAT PROTEIN CAS NO:151661-87-9

hydrolysate of pea protein derived by acid, enzyme or other method of hydrolysis; HYDROLYSATE PROTEINS, PEA, HYDROLYZED PEA PROTEIN, PEA HYDROLYSATE PROTEINS, PEA PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE, and PROTEINS, PEA, HYDROLYSATE CAS NO:222400-29-5

Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride; HPMA; (Z)-2-Butenedioic acid homopolymer; Hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride; HPMA; PMA CAS NO: 26099-09-2

HPMA, PMA, Polymaleic Acid, Maleic Acid Homopolymer, Maleic Acid Polymer cas :26099-09-2

soy protein hydrolyzate; soy protein hydrolyzate with enzyme-modified lecithin; soyaline; soybean peptone cas no: 68607-88-5

protein hydrolyzates, silk; silk amino acids; silk hydrolyzed; crosilk liquid; crosilk protein complex CAS NO:96690-41-4

manduline; hydrolyzed prunus amugdalus dulcis protein; hydrolysate of sweet almond cas no: 235433-31-5

HYDROLYZED WHEAT PROTEIN; Glutens, enzyme-modified; WHEATPROTEINHYDROLYSATE; Wheat gluten, enzyme-modified;HYDROYZED WHEAT PROTEIN; Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein Concentrate cas no: 70084-87-6

hydrolyzed fenugreek seed extract hydrolysate of trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract derived by acid, enzyme or other method of hydrolysis hydrolyzed trigonella foenum graecum seed extract CAS Number: 84625-40-1

protein hydrolyzates, wheat gluten; triticum aestivum protein hydrolyzates; Wheat gluten protein hydrolyzates CAS NO:100684-25-1

HYDROQUINONE; 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene; p-Dihydroxybenzene; 1,4-Benzenediol; Quinol; 1,4-benzenediol; p Benzendiol; Benzoquinol; 1,4-Hydroxybenzene; p-Hydroquinone; p-Dihydroxybenzene; 1,4-Benzendil; Aida; Black and White Bleaching Cream; Eldoquin; Elopaque; quinnone; 1, 4-dihydroxy-benzeen cas no: 123-31-9

Hydrolyzed wheat protein is an aqueous solution of a wheat protein hydrolysate that is obtained by the action of a selected enzyme pool which yields a high level of free amino acids and short peptides.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein provides high substantivity to hair and can impart hair repairing properties, improve the ease of hair combing in cleansing formulations and improve colour deposition and retention of dyes on hair.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein is miscible with water and compatible with surfactants, electrolytes, cationic polymers and most vegetable extracts.

CAS: 70084-87-6
EINECS/ELINCS No: 305-225-0

Hydrolyzed wheat protein is recommended for use in leave-on and rinse-off applications.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein is a powder derived from wheat through a chemical process called hydrolysis, which involves the reaction of the substance (in this case wheat protein) with water and an acid.
The process is necessary to make the wheat protein small enough to access keratin through cuticles breakage.

The protein will increase the tensile strength of the hair to make Hydrolyzed wheat protein less susceptible to breakage.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein also adds volume, texture and condition to the hair, preventing it from drying out and leaving it soft and silky.

Hydrolyzed wheat protein comes from the controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat and is gluten free.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein is rich in proteins and amino acids, essential elements for a healthy metabolism.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein increases skin’s firmness and helps to form a film to retain moisture and provide luminosity.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein prevents the skin from drying out and diminishes the appearance of wrinkles.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein nourishes and repairs hair, detangles, provides shine and hydration.

Hydrolyzed wheat protein is basically small-sized protein molecules that are easily absorbed by the skin and hair to provide multiple benefits and nutrition.
Protein molecules in general are large in size so they are broken down to make them easily absorbed.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein ingredient comes in the form of an amber-colored liquid that is found in a wide range of beauty products - from moisturizers and shampoos to eye creams and cleansers.
Additionally, hydrolyzed wheat protein is not gluten-free, but since it is not supposed to be consumed, Hydrolyzed wheat protein is safe for use.

Origin
Hydrolyzed wheat protein is generally derived from wheat germ.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein is industrially produced following a short and simple process.
First water is added to a reaction kettle then an alkaline protease is stirred in to make a uniform mixture.
Wheat gluten protein powder is then added and alkaline is stirred in until the pH of the mixture reaches 9-10.
The hydrolyzing process then starts by adding trypsin and hydrolyzing the mixture for 30-80 minutes.
Once this process is completed, the mixture is filtered and spray dried to result in hydrolyzed wheat protein.

Uses
Hydrolyzed wheat protein is a skin-conditioning ingredient.
This is a neutralized alcohol-soluble wheat protein/ fatty acid condensate.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein can be found in skin tonics.
hydrolyzed wheat protein offers conditioning, moisturizing, and film-forming properties.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein is an effective moisturizer in skin care products, where it helps retain moisture in the skin.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein is almost always used as a replacement for hydrolyzed animal protein.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein is produced by an enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat gluten.

Benefits of Wheat Protein for Hair
Hydrolyzed wheat protein is a type of non-animal protein derived from wheat germ, like gluten or glutamine.
Garshick explains that Hydrolyzed wheat protein is more effective when applied topically if it is broken down into smaller proteins, known as hydrolyzed wheat protein, which can then pass through the hair cuticle.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein is thought to help hydrate and strengthen the hair and works by locking in moisture, Garshick explains.
This combination of hydration and strengthening is exactly what most products designed to treat hair damage promise.

Synonyms
Glutens, enzyme-modified
70084-87-6
DTXSID80894585
Wheat Protein, hydrolyzed
hydrolized wheat protein
HYDROLYZED WHEAT PROTEIN
Glutens, enzyme-modified
WHEATPROTEINHYDROLYSATE
HydrolyzedWheatProteinConcentrate
Wheat gluten, enzyme-modified
HYDROYZED WHEAT PROTEIN
HYDROLYZED WHEAT PROTEIN USP/EP/BP
Hydrolysis Wheat protein peptide

Hydrolyzed wheat protein is basically small-sized protein molecules that are easily absorbed by the skin and hair to provide multiple benefits and nutrition.
Protein molecules in general are large in size so they are broken down to make them easily absorbed.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein ingredient comes in the form of an amber-colored liquid that is found in a wide range of beauty products - from moisturizers and shampoos to eye creams and cleansers.

CAS: 70084-87-6
EINECS: 615-058-8

Synonyms:
HYDROLYZED WHEAT PROTEIN;Glutens, enzyme-modified;WHEATPROTEINHYDROLYSATE;HydrolyzedWheatProteinConcentrate;Wheat gluten, enzyme-modified;HYDROYZED WHEAT PROTEIN;HYDROLYZED WHEAT PROTEIN USP/EP/BP;Hydrolysis Wheat protein peptide

Additionally, hydrolyzed wheat protein is not gluten-free, but since it is not supposed to be consumed, it is safe for use.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein is generally derived from wheat germ.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein is industrially produced following a short and simple process.
First water is added to a reaction kettle then an alkaline protease is stirred in to make a uniform mixture.
Wheat gluten protein powder is then added and alkaline is stirred in until the pH of the mixture reaches 9-10.
The hydrolyzing process then starts by adding trypsin and hydrolyzing the mixture for 30-80 minutes.
Once this process is completed, the mixture is filtered and spray dried to result in hydrolyzed wheat protein.

Hydrolyzed wheat protein has moisturizing and film-forming properties and might be able to counteract the irritating effects of cleansing agents in cleansers and shampoos.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein can also condition and repair damaged hair leaving it soft, silky and smooth.

Physical form
Powder, white-yellowish to brown
Molecular weight
Molecular weight 0.1 – 90 kDa. Mostly between 25 and 90 kDa.
Solubility
Soluble in water

Uses
Hydrolyzed wheat protein has many benefits for the hair and skin.
The small molecules of this ingredient easily penetrate the surface and repair the tissues from deep within. Hydrolyzed wheat protein is used in many skin care and hair care products such as facial serums, lotions, and hair sprays.
Skin care: It tends to form a layer on the skin to prevent moisture loss and give a luminous feel to the skin.
It increases the firmness of the skin and prevents it from drying out.
Further, hydrolyzed wheat protein has anti-aging properties and reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the skin.
Hair care: It is known for treating dry and damaged hair.
It provides deep moisture and strengthens hair shafts, thus reducing hair fall and breakage.
Products like hydrolyzed wheat protein shampoo make hair shinier and improve the overall texture.

Hydrolyzed wheat protein offers conditioning, moisturizing, and film-forming properties.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein is an effective moisturizer in skin care products, where it helps retain moisture in the skin.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein is almost always used as a replacement for hydrolyzed animal protein.
Hydrolyzed wheat protein is produced by an enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat gluten.

Because hydrolyzed wheat protein is so easily absorbed into your hair strands, they quickly swell with water and plump up.
As a result, your hair appears fuller and thicker, creating more volume.
This can make your wavy hair easier to style and give it that desired fullness that most of us in the wavy hair community love.
It’s also great for anyone who struggles with thinning hair.

Hydroquinone is produced by the oxidation of aniline or phenol, by the reduction of quinone, or from a reaction of acetylene and carbon monoxide.
Hydroquinone occurs naturally as a glucose ether, also known as arbutin, in the leaves of many plants and in fruits, as well as one of the agents used in the defense mechanism of the bombardier beetle, family Carabidae.
Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.

CAS: 123-31-9
MF: C6H6O2
MW: 110.11
EINECS: 204-617-8

Synonyms
Hydroquinone;123-31-9;Benzene-1,4-diol;1,4-benzenediol;Quinol;1,4-Dihydroxybenzene;p-Benzenediol;p-Hydroquinone;p-Hydroxyphenol;4-Hydroxyphenol;p-Dihydroxybenzene;Benzoquinol;hydroquinol;Dihydroquinone;Eldoquin;p-Dioxybenzene;Solaquin forte;Eldopaque;Hydroquinole;Idrochinone;Tecquinol;Phiaquin;Benzohydroquinone;Hidroquinone;Arctuvin;Tequinol;Dihydroxybenzene;Eldopaque Forte;Eldoquin Forte;Derma-Blanch;Hydrochinon;Tenox HQ;Diak 5;Benzene, p-dihydroxy-;Hydrochinone;1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol;Artra;Usaf ek-356;1,4-Diidrobenzene;p-Dioxobenzene;1,4-Dihydroxybenzen;para-Dioxybenzene;para-Hydroquinone;NCI-C55834;Black and White Bleaching Cream;1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen;para-Dihydroxybenzene;beta-quinol;HE 5;Pyrogentistic acid;Epiquin;Melanex;Sunvanish;Idrochinone [Italian];p-Dihydroquinone;alpha-hydroquinone;CHEBI:17594;NSC 9247;Hydrochinon [Czech, Polish];CCRIS 714;1,4-Dihydroxybenzen [Czech];1,4-Diidrobenzene [Italian];HSDB 577;DTXSID7020716;1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen [Dutch];1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol [German];AI3-00072;CHEMBL537;UNII-XV74C1N1AE;NSC-9247;EINECS 204-617-8;XV74C1N1AE;UN2662;Hydroquinone (USP);Hydroquinone [USP];MFCD00002339;HQ;DTXCID70716;NSC9247;EC 204-617-8;Hydroquinone [UN2662] [Poison];1,4-Dihydroxybenzene (ring-d4);TRI-LUMA COMPONENT HYDROQUINONE;NCGC00015523-02;HYDROQUINONE COMPONENT OF TRI-LUMA;HYDROQUINONE (IARC);HYDROQUINONE [IARC];para-Hydroxyphenol;HYDROQUINONE (MART.);HYDROQUINONE [MART.];HYDROQUINONE (USP-RS);HYDROQUINONE [USP-RS];quinnone;Eldopacque;p-Phenylenediol;p Benzendiol;HYDROQUINONE (USP MONOGRAPH);HYDROQUINONE [USP MONOGRAPH];p-Quinol;1,4-Benzoquinol;CAS-123-31-9;SMR000059154;1,4-Hydroxybenzene;SR-01000075920;BUTYLHYDROXYANISOLE IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY);BUTYLHYDROXYANISOLE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY];4-DIHYDROXYBENZENE;hydroquinon;BQ(H);Hydroquinoue;Balancer;MedisilkeNight;Supermax;hydroq uinone;hydroquinone gr;MiracleFade;Reduced quinone;a-Hydroquinone

Hydroquinone has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.
Hydroquinone is a white granular solid.
Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. The name "hydroquinone" was coined by Friedrich Wöhler in 1843.
Hydroquinone is a chemical compound used in various skincare products for its skin-lightening properties.
Hydroquinone is commonly used to treat hyperpigmentation, such as age spots, melasma, and acne scars, by inhibiting the production of melanin in the skin.
Hydroquinone works by disrupting the enzymatic processes involved in melanin production, leading to a lighter complexion over time.
Hydroquinone is available in various forms, including creams, gels, and serums, and is often used in combination with other skincare ingredients for enhanced effectiveness.
However, prolonged and excessive use of hydroquinone can lead to side effects such as skin irritation, redness, and potentially ochronosis, a condition characterized by blue-black pigmentation of the skin.
Therefore, it is important to use hydroquinone under the guidance of a healthcare professional and to follow the recommended usage instructions.

Hydroquinone Chemical Properties
Melting point: 172-175 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 285 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.32
Vapor density: 3.81 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 132 °C)
Refractive index: 1.6320
Fp: 165 °C
Storage temp: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear
Pka: 10.35(at 20℃)
Form: Needle-Like Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Color: White to off-white
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: 70 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Air & Light Sensitive
Merck: 14,4808
BRN: 605970
Exposure limits NIOSH REL: 15-min ceiling 2, IDLH 50; OSHA PEL: TWA 2; ACGIH TLV: TWA 2 (adopted).
Stability:: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, oxygen, ferric salts. Light and air-sensitive. Discolours in air.
InChIKey: QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP 0.59 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference 123-31-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Hydroquinone(123-31-9)
IARC: 3 (Vol. 15, Sup 7, 71) 1999
EPA Substance Registry System: Hydroquinone (123-31-9)

Uses
Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water.
Hydroquinone is a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver.

There are various other uses associated with its reducing power.
As a polymerisation inhibitor, exploiting its antioxidant properties, hydroquinone prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers that are susceptible to radical-initiated polymerization.
By acting as a free radical scavenger, hydroquinone serves to prolong the shelflife of light-sensitive resins such as preceramic polymers.
Hydroquinone can lose a hydrogen cation from both hydroxyl groups to form a diphenolate ion.

Hydroquinone is a pigment-lightening agent used in bleaching creams.
Hydroquinone combines with oxygen very rapidly and becomes brown when exposed to air.
Although Hydroquinone occurs naturally, the synthetic version is the one commonly used in cosmetics.
Application to the skin may cause allergic reaction and increase skin sun sensitivity.

Production Methods
There are three current manufacturing processes for HQ: oxidative cleavage of diisopropylbenzene, oxidation of aniline, and hydroxylation of phenol.
Diisopropylbenzene is air oxidized to the intermediate diisopropylbenzene bishydroperoxide.
This hydroperoxide is purified by extraction and reacted further to form hydroquinone.
The purified product is isolated by filtration and packaged. The process can be almost entirely closed, continuous, computer-controlled, and monitored.
Hydroquinone can also be prepared by oxidizing aniline to quinone in the presence of manganese dioxide and sulfuric acid.
p-Benzoquinone is then reduced to Hydroquinone using iron oxide.
The resulting hydroquinone is crystallized and dried.
The process occurs in a closed system.
HQis also manufactured by hydroxylation of phenol using hydrogen peroxide as a hydroxylation agent.
The reaction is catalyzed by strong mineral acids or ferrous or cobalt salts.

Natural occurrences
Hydroquinones are one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide (and perhaps other compounds, depending on the species), which collect in a reservoir.
The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber.
This chamber is lined with cells that secrete catalases and peroxidases.
When the contents of the reservoir are forced into the reaction chamber, the catalases and peroxidases rapidly break down the hydrogen peroxide and catalyze the oxidation of the hydroquinones into p-quinones.
These reactions release free oxygen and generate enough heat to bring the mixture to the boiling point and vaporize about a fifth of it, producing a hot spray from the beetle's abdomen.
Hydroquinone is thought to be the active toxin in Agaricus hondensis mushrooms.
Hydroquinone has been shown to be one of the chemical constituents of the natural product propolis.
Hydroquinone is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum.
Hydroquinone is gathered from the beaver's castor sacs.

Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.
Hydroquinone is known for its ability to inhibit the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye color.
Hydroquinone bleaches the skin, which can be helpful when treating different forms of hyperpigmentation.

CAS Number: 123-31-9
Molecular Formula: C6H6O2
Molecular Weight: 110.11
EINECS Number: 204-617-8

Synonyms: hydroquinone, Benzene-1,4-diol, 123-31-9, 1,4-benzenediol, Quinol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, p-Benzenediol, p-Hydroquinone, p-Hydroxyphenol, 4-Hydroxyphenol, p-Dihydroxybenzene, Benzoquinol, Eldoquin, hydroquinol, Eldopaque, Phiaquin, p-Dioxybenzene, Solaquin forte, Dihydroquinone, Hydroquinole, Idrochinone, Tecquinol, Benzohydroquinone, Hidroquinone, Arctuvin, Tequinol, Dihydroxybenzene, Eldopaque Forte, Eldoquin Forte, Derma-Blanch, Hydrochinon, Tenox HQ, Diak 5, Benzene, p-dihydroxy-, Hydrochinone, 1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol, Artra, Usaf ek-356, 1,4-Diidrobenzene, p-Dioxobenzene, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzen, para-Dioxybenzene, para-Hydroquinone, NCI-C55834, Pyrogentistic acid, Black and White Bleaching Cream, 1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen, para-Dihydroxybenzene, beta-quinol, HE 5, Epiquin, Sunvanish, Idrochinone [Italian], p-Dihydroquinone, alpha-hydroquinone, para-Hydroxyphenol, CHEBI:17594, NSC 9247, Hydrochinon [Czech, Polish], CCRIS 714, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzen [Czech], 1,4-Diidrobenzene [Italian], quinnone, Eldopacque, HSDB 577, DTXSID7020716, p-Phenylenediol, 1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen [Dutch], 1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol [German], p Benzendiol, p-Quinol, AI3-00072, CHEMBL537, UNII-XV74C1N1AE, NSC-9247, 1,4-Benzoquinol, EINECS 204-617-8, XV74C1N1AE, UN2662, 1,4-Hydroxybenzene, Hydroquinone [USP], MFCD00002339, HQ, BQ(H), DTXCID70716, Black & White Bleaching Cream, NSC9247, EC 204-617-8, Hydroquinone [UN2662] [Poison], 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene (ring-d4), Hydroquinone (USP), TRI-LUMA COMPONENT HYDROQUINONE, NCGC00015523-02, HYDROQUINONE COMPONENT OF TRI-LUMA, HYDROQUINONE (IARC), HYDROQUINONE [IARC], HYDROQUINONE (MART.), HYDROQUINONE [MART.], HYDROQUINONE (USP-RS), HYDROQUINONE [USP-RS], HYDROQUINONE (USP MONOGRAPH), HYDROQUINONE [USP MONOGRAPH], CAS-123-31-9, SMR000059154, SR-01000075920, BUTYLHYDROXYANISOLE IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY), BUTYLHYDROXYANISOLE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], 4-DIHYDROXYBENZENE, hydrokinone, hydroquinon, Hidroquinona, Hydrokinon, Hydroquinoue, Accutin, Elopaque, hydroq uinone, hydroquinone gr, p-fenilenediol, p-hidroquinona, p-hidroxifenol, Reduced quinone, a-Hydroquinone, p-Dioxibenceno, 4-hidroxifenol, p-Diphenol, p-Hydroxybenzene, b-Quinol, 4-Benzenediol, Dihydroxybenzen e, 14-Benzoquinol, p-Dihidroxibenceno, Hydroquinone, HQ, .beta.-Quinol, 1,4 benzenediol, 1,4-Bencenodiol, Hydroquinone,(S), p-dihydroxy benzene, p -Dihydroxybenzene, PLQ, 1,4-Benzendil, Artra (Salt/Mix), HYDROP, .alpha.-Hydroquinone, 1 4-p-Benzenediol, Hydroquinone (8CI), phenol derivative, 4, 1 4-Dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-Dihidroxibenceno, 4-hydroxyphenyl alcohol, Spectrum_001757, 4e3h, HDQ (CHRIS Code), PYROGENTISIC ACID, SpecPlus_000769, 1,4-Dihydrobenzoquinone, ELDOQUIN (TN), HYDROQUINONE BAKER, hydroquinone for synthesis, Spectrum2_001672, Spectrum3_000656, Spectrum4_000633, Spectrum5_001430, HYDROQUINONE [MI], Lopac-H-9003, WLN: QR DQ, bmse000293, D03UOT, D08LQA, Epitope ID:116206, HYDROQUINONE [HSDB], HYDROQUINONE [INCI], HYDROQUINONE [VANDF], 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene Quinol, Lopac0_000577, SCHEMBL15516, BSPBio_002291, KBioGR_001246, KBioSS_002237, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, XIII, MLS000069815, MLS001074911, BIDD, DivK1c_006865, HYDROQUINONE [WHO-DD], Hydroquinone, LR, >=99%, SPECTRUM1504237, Hydrochinon(CZECH, POLISH), SPBio_001883, BDBM26190, Hydroquinone, puriss., 99.0%, KBio1_001809, KBio2_002237, KBio2_004805, KBio2_007373, KBio3_001511, Benzene-1,4-diol (Hydroquinone), BENZENE, 1,4-DIHYDROXY-, HMS1922H15, HMS2093E08, HMS3261D16, HYDROQUINONE [ORANGE BOOK], LS-23, Pharmakon1600-01504237, HY-B0951, Hydroquinone [UN2662] [Poison], Tox21_110169, Tox21_202345, Tox21_300015, Tox21_500577, CCG-39082, NA2662, NSC758707, s4580, STK397446, UN3435, AKOS000119003, Tox21_110169_1, AM10548, DB09526, LP00577, NSC-758707, SDCCGSBI-0050559.P003, UN 2662, Hydroquinone, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, Hydroquinone, USP, 99.0-100.5%, NCGC00015523-01, NCGC00015523-03, NCGC00015523-04, NCGC00015523-05, NCGC00015523-06, NCGC00015523-07, NCGC00015523-08, NCGC00015523-09, NCGC00015523-10, NCGC00015523-11, NCGC00015523-12, NCGC00015523-13, NCGC00015523-19, NCGC00090880-01, NCGC00090880-02, NCGC00090880-03, NCGC00090880-04, NCGC00090880-05, NCGC00254037-01, NCGC00259894-01, NCGC00261262-01, BP-21160, Hydroquinone, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.5%, SBI-0050559.P002, Hydroquinone, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, EU-0100577, FT-0606877, H0186, Hydroquinone, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%, EN300-18053, Hydroquinone, meets USP testing specifications, C00530, D00073, H 9003, AB00053361_08, Quinol; 1,4-Benzenediol; 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, Q419164, J-004910, J-521469, SR-01000075920-1, SR-01000075920-4, Q27102742, Z57127551, 094CADDB-59BF-4EDF-B278-59791B203EA2, F1908-0167, Hydroquinone, certified reference material, TraceCERT

Hydroquinone is a topical skin-bleaching agent used in the cosmetic treatment of hyperpigmented skin conditions.
The effect of skin lightening caused by hydroquinone is reversible when exposed to sunlight and therefore requires regular use until desired results are achieved.
Various preparations are available including creams, emulsions, gels, lotions and solutions.

Ultimately, this causes a decrease in the number of melanocytes and decreased transfer of melanin leading to lighter skin.
Hydroquinone is a potent skin-lightening agent that is often used to diminish skin discolouration and promote an even skin tone.
Hydroquinone functions by reducing the production and increasing the degradation of melanin pigments in the skin.

This two-pronged action not only helps lighten the skin but also ensures a more uniform skin tone.
Hydroquinone is a depigmenting agent used to lighten areas of darkened skin such as freckles, age spots, chloasma, and melisma caused by pregnancy, birth control pills, hormone medicine, or injury to the skin.
Hydroquinone decreases the formation of melanin in the skin.

Hydroquinone, a colorless, hexagonal prism, has been reported to be a good antimitotic and tumor-inhibiting agent.
Hydroquinone is a reducing agent used in a photographic developer, which polymerizes in the presence of oxidizing agents.
The reactivity of the hydroxyl groups of hydroquinone is weakly acidic, similar to that of other phenols.

The resulting conjugated base undergoes easy O-alkylation to give mono- and diethers.
Similarly, Hydroquinone is highly sensitive to ring substitution by Friedel-Crafts reactions such as alkylation.
This reaction is exploited to obtain popular antioxidants such as 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA).

The useful dye quinizarin is produced by diacylation of Hydroquinone with phthalic anhydride.
Hydroquinone undergoes oxidation under mild conditions to give benzoquinone.
Some naturally occurring Hydroquinone derivatives exhibit such reactivity; an example of this is coenzyme Q.

Industrially, this reaction is used both with Hydroquinone itself and more often with its derivatives in which an OH is present.
Colorless Hydroquinone and benzoquinone, a bright yellow solid, are co-crystallized in a 1:1 ratio to give a dark green crystal.
A charge-transfer complex (melting point 171 °C) called quinhydron (C6H6O2·C6H4O2) is formed.

This complex dissolves in hot water, where the two molecules dissociate in solution.
Hydroquinone has a variety of uses, mainly related to its action as a water-soluble reducing agent.
Hydroquinone is a key ingredient in most black and white photo developers for film and paper.

Hydroquinone methol reduces silver halides to elemental silver.
Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.
Hydroquinone is a dihydroxybenzene compound, and it is also known as p-dihydroxybenzene.

Hydroquinones chemical structure consists of two hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to a benzene ring.
This structure makes it an effective inhibitor of melanin production in the skin.
Hydroquinone works by inhibiting the activity of an enzyme called tyrosinase, which is involved in the production of melanin. By reducing the amount of melanin produced, hydroquinone can help lighten areas of hyperpigmentation or dark spots on the skin.

In skincare products, hydroquinone is typically applied topically in the form of creams, gels, or lotions.
Hydroquinone is available in both over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription-strength formulations, with the latter being more potent.
Prescription-strength hydroquinone is often used for more severe cases of hyperpigmentation or melasma.

While hydroquinone can be effective in treating skin conditions, it is important to use it with caution.
Prolonged or excessive use of hydroquinone may lead to side effects such as skin irritation, redness, or a condition called ochronosis, which can result in a bluish-black pigmentation of the skin.
This is one reason why some countries have regulations and restrictions on the use of hydroquinone in cosmetics.

Hydroquinone is produced by the oxidation of aniline or phenol, by the reduction of quinone, or from a reaction of acetylene and carbon monoxide.
There are also various other uses associated with reducing power.
Leveraging its antioxidant properties as a polymerization inhibitor, hydroquinone prevents the polymerization of acrylic acid.

Hydroquinone, cyanoacrylate and other monomers susceptible to radical-initiated polymerization.
Hydroquinone serves to extend the shelf life of photosensitive resins by acting as a free radical scavenger.
Hydroquinone can lose a hydrogen cation from either hydroxyl group to form a diphenolate ion.

The disodium diphenolate salt of hydroquinone is used as an alternative comonomer unit in polymer production.
Skin depigmentation Hydroquinone is used as a topical application to reduce skin discoloration in skin whitening.
Hydroquinone does not have the same predisposition to cause dermatitis as methol.

This is a prescription-only ingredient in some countries under the Directives, including member states of the European Union.
In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked the previous approval of hydroquinone and recommended that it be banned.
The FDA officially banned Hydroquinone in 2020 as part of a larger reform of the over-the-counter drug review process.

The FDA stated that Hydroquinone cannot be ruled out as a potential carcinogen.
Hydroquinone is typically used for a limited duration, and once the desired results are achieved, users are advised to discontinue its use.
Hydroquinone can make the skin more sensitive to the sun.

Hydroquinone's essential to use sunscreen and sun protection measures when using hydroquinone-containing products to prevent further hyperpigmentation and sun damage.
While hydroquinone is generally considered safe when used as directed, it can cause side effects in some individuals.
Common side effects may include skin dryness, redness, irritation, and a condition called "exogenous ochronosis," which can result in darkening of the skin in the treated areas.

This is more commonly associated with long-term or misuse of hydroquinone.
Before using hydroquinone, especially in higher concentrations or for more severe skin conditions, it's advisable to consult with a dermatologist.
They can recommend an appropriate treatment plan and monitor your progress.

In recent years, there has been growing interest in alternative skin-lightening agents, such as kojic acid, alpha arbutin, and licorice root extract, which are sometimes used as alternatives or in conjunction with hydroquinone for hyperpigmentation treatment.
Studies in which adult rats have found increased rates of tumors, including thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia, anisokaryosis (change in nucleus size), mononuclear cell leukemia, hepatocellular adenomas and renal tubule cell adenomas.
The Safe Cosmetics Campaign also drew attention to concerns.

Numerous studies have revealed that taking Hydroquinone by mouth can cause exogenous ochronosis, a disfiguring disease in the body, which blue-black pigments are deposited in the skin; but skin preparations containing this ingredient applied topically.
The FDA classified hydroquinone as a safe product in 1982; however, it was generally considered safe and effective (GRASE).
Additional studies have been proposed within the scope of the National Toxicology Program (NTP) in order to determine whether there is a risk from the use of hydroquinone to humans.

NTP evaluation showed some evidence of long-term carcinogenic and genotoxic effects.
In some countries, hydroquinone is available both by prescription and over-the-counter (OTC).
The concentration of hydroquinone in OTC products is typically lower than in prescription-strength products.

Hydroquinone is generally not recommended for long-term, continuous use.
Hydroquinone has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.
Hydroquinone's essential to consult with a healthcare provider or dermatologist for safe alternatives during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

In some cases, dermatologists may recommend combination therapies that include hydroquinone alongside other skin-lightening agents, such as retinoids or corticosteroids, to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment and reduce potential side effects.
Hydroquinone is typically used for a limited duration, often in cycles of a few months, to target specific areas of hyperpigmentation.
After achieving the desired results, users may be advised to switch to maintenance therapy, which typically involves milder products to prevent recurrence of hyperpigmentation.

Hydroquinone typically works gradually, and improvement in skin tone and reduction of hyperpigmentation may take several weeks to months, depending on the severity of the condition.
Individuals with darker skin tones may be more prone to side effects like skin irritation or darkening (exogenous ochronosis) when using hydroquinone.
Dermatologists often recommend lower concentrations or alternative treatments for individuals with darker skin.

Hydroquinone is applied topically to treat disorders characterized by excessive melanin in the epidermis, such as melasma.
In the United States, nonprescription skin-lightening products contain hydroquinone at concentrations of 2% or less; higher concentrations are available by prescription.
Hydroquinone is marketed most aggressively to women of color for its whitening ability in skin creams.

The chemical is allowed in personal care products in the United States in concentrations up to two percent.
Hydroquinone is a white granular solid.
Hydroquinone is most commonly used in skin lighteners, products heavily marketed towards women of color.

Hydroquinone is linked to cancer and organ-system toxicity.
Hydroquinone is frequently found in skin-lightening products like bleaching creams.
Hydroquinone works by limiting your production of melanin, the hormone that darkens your skin.

While some people use it to lighten their darker skin, hydroquinone creams are most commonly used to lighten small, dark patches like sunspots or hyperpigmentation.
Creams with Hydroquinone as an ingredient are an excellent non-surgical aesthetic procedure to help you achieve the skin they have always wanted.
Hydroquinone is also a skin irritant in humans.

Chronic (long-term) occupational exposure to hydroquinone dust can result in eye irritation, corneal effects, and impaired vision.
No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of hydroquinone in humans.
There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity in orally-exposed rodents.

Increased skin tumor incidence has been reported in mice treated dermally.
Hydroquinone has not classified hydroquinone for carcinogenicity.
Hydroquinone are one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide (and perhaps other compounds, depending on the species), which collect in a reservoir.

The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber.
In the manufacturing industry Hydroquinone may occur include bacteriostatic agent, drug, fur processing, motor fuel, paint, organic chemicals, plastics, stone coating, and styrene monomers.
Hydroquinone is a chemical compound that is commonly used in skincare products and cosmetics for its skin-lightening and depigmenting properties.

Hydroquinone is considered a skin-lightening agent and is used to treat various skin conditions related to hyperpigmentation, such as melasma, age spots, freckles, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (dark spots left after skin inflammation or injury).
Melanin is the pigment in skin that gives it a brown color.
Hydroquinone is a chemical that a person can use to lighten their skin tone.

Hydroquinone is available as a cream, gel, lotion, or emulsion.
Hydroquinone is generally safe to use, but some people may experience side effects, such as dry skin.
Hydroquinone is frequently found in skin-lightening products like bleaching creams.

Hydroquinone works by limiting your production of melanin, the hormone that darkens skin.
While some people use it to lighten their darker skin, hydroquinone creams are most commonly used to lighten small, dark patches like sunspots or hyperpigmentation.
Hydroquinone produces reversible lightening of the skin by interfering with melanin production by the melanocytes.

Specifically, inhibition of the enzymatic conversion of tyrosine to DOPA (dihydroxyphenylalanine) results in the desired chemical reduction of pigment.
The name "hydroquinone" was coined by Friedrich Wöhler in 1843.
As a result, Hydroquinone is used topically in products such as creams, lotions, and serums to treat skin conditions like hyperpigmentation, melasma, age spots, and other forms of uneven skin tone.

Hydroquinone can help reduce the appearance of dark spots and promote a more even complexion.
Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones.
Hydroquinone is a white granular solid.

Hydroquinone works by inhibiting the activity of an enzyme called tyrosinase, which is involved in the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of the skin, hair, and eyes.
By blocking this enzyme, hydroquinone reduces the production of melanin, leading to a gradual lightening of the skin in areas where hyperpigmentation is present.
Hydroquinone is a skin-lightening agent.

Hydroquinone occurs naturally as a glucose ether, also known as arbutin, in the leaves of many plants and in fruits, as well as one of the agents used in the defense mechanism of the bombardier beetle, family Carabidae.
Hydroquinone has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.

Melting point: 172-175 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 285 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.32
vapor density: 3.81 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 132 °C)
refractive index: 1.6320
Flash point: 165 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear
pka: 10.35(at 20℃)
form: Needle-Like Crystals or Crystalline Powder
color: White to off-white
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: 70 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Air & Light Sensitive
Merck: 14,4808
BRN: 605970
Henry's Law Constant (x 10-9 atm?m3/mol): Exposure limits NIOSH REL: 15-min ceiling 2, IDLH 50; OSHA PEL: TWA 2; ACGIH TLV: TWA 2 (adopted).
Stability: Stable. Combustible, Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.59 at 20℃

Hydroquinone has been shown to be one of the chemical constituents of the natural product propolis.
Hydroquinone is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum.
The detection of Hydroquinone along with resorcinol and phenol in air samples by synchronous fluorescence method has been proposed.

The electrochemical oxidation of Hydroquinone has been studied using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry.
Hydroquinones enthalpies of sublimation, vaporization and fusion have been reported.
Hydroquinone may be used to synthesize bicyclic phosphonate derivative by reacting with phosphonic dichloride.

Unlike skin lightening surgery, hydroquinone creams are a cosmetic procedure that can be undertaken in the comfort of these home after the initial consultation with your dermatologist.
Hydroquinone is used as a developing agent in photography and as an antioxidant in rubber and food.
Tinnitus (ringing in the ears), dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, erosion of the gastric mucosa, edema of internal organs, cyanosis, convulsions, delirium, and collapse may result from the ingestion of a large amount of hydroquinone in humans.

When the contents of the reservoir are forced into the reaction chamber, the catalases and peroxidases rapidly break down the hydrogen peroxide and catalyze the oxidation of the hydroquinones into p-quinones.
These reactions release free oxygen and generate enough heat to bring the mixture to the boiling point and vaporize about a fifth of it, producing a hot spray from the beetle's abdomen.
Hydroquinone is produced as an inhibitor, an antioxidant, and an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, motor fuels, and oils; in photographic processing; and naturally in certain plant species, Hydroquinone is a phenol derivative with antioxidant properties that can cause toxicity in several organs, notably the kidney.
Hydroquinone is used as a topical treatment for skin hyperpigmentation and in various cosmetic products, it is metabolized mainly to glutathione conjugates and forms mutagenic DNA adducts in in-vitro systems.

Hydroquinone appears as light colored crystals or solutions.
Hydroquinone may irritate the skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
Hydroquinone is a benzenediol comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents para to each other.

Hydroquinone has a role as a cofactor, a carcinogenic agent, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a skin lightening agent, an antioxidant and a mouse metabolite. Hydroquinone is a benzenediol and a member of hydroquinones.
Hydroquinone is used as a developing agent in black-and-white photography, lithography, and x-ray films.
Hydroquinone is added to a number of industrial monomers to inhibit polymerization during shipping, storage, and processing.

Hydroquinones are one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide (and perhaps other compounds, depending on the species), which collect in a reservoir.
The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber.
When the contents of the reservoir are forced into the reaction chamber, the catalases and peroxidases rapidly break down the hydrogen peroxide and catalyze the oxidation of the hydroquinones into p-quinones.

These reactions release free oxygen and generate enough heat to bring the mixture to the boiling point and vaporize about a fifth of it, producing a hot spray from the beetle's abdomen.
Hydroquinone is produced industrially in two main ways.
The most widely used route is similar to the cumene process in reaction mechanism and involves the dialkylation of benzene with propene to give 1,4-diisopropylbenzene.

Hydroquinone reacts with air to afford the bis(hydroperoxide), which is structurally similar to cumene hydroperoxide and rearranges in acid to give acetone and hydroquinone.
A second route involves hydroxylation of phenol over a catalyst.
The conversion uses hydrogen peroxide and affords a mixture of hydroquinone and its ortho isomer catechol (benzene-1,2-diol): C6H5OH + H2O2 ⟶C6H4(OH)2 + H2O

A potentially significant synthesis of hydroquinone from acetylene and iron pentacarbonyl has been proposed Iron pentacarbonyl serves as a catalyst, rather than as a reagent, in the presence of free carbon monoxide gas.
Rhodium or ruthenium can substitute for iron as the catalyst with favorable chemical yields but are not typically used due to their cost of recovery from the reaction mixture.
Hydroquinone and its derivatives can also be prepared by oxidation of various phenols. Examples include Elbs persulfate oxidation and Dakin oxidation.

Hydroquinone was first obtained in 1820 by the French chemists Pelletier and Caventou via the dry distillation of quinic acid.
Hydroquinone is used to lighten the dark patches of skin (also called hyperpigmentation, melasma, "liver spots," "age spots," freckles) caused by pregnancy, birth control pills, hormone medicine, or injury to the skin.

This medicine works by blocking the process in the skin that leads to discoloration.
Hydroquinone is a chemical that a person can use to lighten their skin tone.
Hydroquinone is available as a cream, gel, lotion, or emulsion.

Hydroquinone is a chemical that bleaches the skin.
Hydroquinone can come as a cream, emulsion, gel, or lotion.
A person can apply these products directly to the skin.

Creams that contain hydroquinone are available with a prescription from a doctor.
People may use hydroquinone as a form of treatment for hyperpigmentation skin conditions, wherein some areas of skin grow darker than surrounding areas.
Hydroquinone is a depigmenting agent used to lighten areas of darkened skin such as freckles, age spots, chloasma, and melisma caused by pregnancy, birth control pills, hormone medicine, or injury to the skin.

Hydroquinone decreases the formation of melanin in the skin.
Melanin is the pigment in skin that gives it a brown color.
Hydroquinone is also known as 1,4-dihydroxy-benzene.

Hydroquinone is also used as an intermediate to produce antioxidants for rubber and food.
Hydroquinone is thought to be the active toxin in Agaricus hondensis mushrooms.
Due to concerns about its safety and potential side effects, some individuals seek alternative skin-lightening ingredients, such as alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), beta hydroxy acids (BHAs), vitamin C, and natural extracts like licorice root or kojic acid.

These ingredients may offer skin-brightening benefits without the potential risks associated with hydroquinone.
The use of hydroquinone in cosmetics and skincare products is regulated by health authorities in different countries.
In some places, Hydroquinone may be available over-the-counter, while in others, it requires a prescription.

Some countries have banned or restricted Hydroquinone is use in cosmetics due to concerns about safety.
Before using products containing hydroquinone, it's advisable to consult with a dermatologist or healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate and safe treatment plan for your specific skin concerns. They can guide you on how to use hydroquinone effectively and minimize the risk of side effects.

Production Methods:
There are three current manufacturing processes for HQ: oxidative cleavage of diisopropylbenzene, oxidation of aniline, and hydroxylation of phenol.
Hydroquinone is air oxidized to the intermediate diisopropylbenzene bishydroperoxide.
This hydroperoxide is purified by extraction and reacted further to form hydroquinone.

The purified Hydroquinone is isolated by filtration and packaged.
The process can be almost entirely closed, continuous, computer-controlled, and monitored.
Hydroquinone can also be prepared by oxidizing aniline to quinone in the presence of manganese dioxide and sulfuric acid.

p-Benzoquinone is then reduced to Hydroquinone using iron oxide.
The resulting hydroquinone is crystallized and dried.
The process occurs in a closed system.

Hydroquinone is also manufactured by hydroxylation of phenol using hydrogen peroxide as a hydroxylation agent.
The reaction is catalyzed by strong mineral acids or ferrous or cobalt salts.

Uses:
Hydroquinone produces reversible lightening of the skin by interfering with melanin production by the melanocytes.
Hydroquinone has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Hydroquinone is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.

Hydroquinone is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of Hydroquinone can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and for thermoplastic manufacture.
Hydroquinone is used in the following products: photo-chemicals.

Other release to the environment of Hydroquinone is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance.
Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water.
Hydroquinone is a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver.

There are various other uses associated with its reducing power.
As a polymerisation inhibitor, exploiting its antioxidant properties, hydroquinone prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers that are susceptible to radical-initiated polymerization.
Hydroquinone is a pigment-lightening agent used in bleaching creams.

Hydroquinone combines with oxygen very rapidly and becomes brown when exposed to air.
Although it occurs naturally, the synthetic version is the one commonly used in cosmetics.
Hydroquinone application to the skin may cause allergic reaction and increase skin sun sensitivity.

Hydroquinone is potentially carcinogenic and is associated with causing ochronosis, a discoloration of the skin.
The u.S. FDA has banned hydroquinone from oTC cosmetic formulations, but allows 4 percent in prescription products.
Hydroquinones use in cosmetics is prohibited in some european countries and in Australia.

Hydroquinone is a skin-lightening agent used topically for the treatment of hyperpigmentation.
Hydroquinone is used as a developing agent in black-and-white photography, lithography, and x-ray films.
Hydroquinone is also used as an intermediate to produce antioxidants for rubber and food.

Hydroquinone is added to a number of industrial monomers to inhibit polymerization during shipping, storage, and processing
Hydroquinone is primarily used to treat various forms of hyperpigmentation, including melasma, sunspots, age spots, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Some individuals use hydroquinone for overall skin lightening to achieve a more even skin tone.

Hydroquinone is most commonly used to treat various forms of hyperpigmentation, which includes.
Hydroquinone is used skin condition characterized by dark patches on the face, often triggered by hormonal changes, pregnancy, or sun exposure.
Hydroquinone is used age Spots (Liver Spots): Dark spots that commonly appear on areas of the skin exposed to the sun, typically with age.

Hydroquinone is used small, brown spots on the skin, often related to sun exposure and genetics.
Hydroquinone is used dark spots or discoloration that remain after an inflammatory skin condition or injury, such as acne, eczema, or a wound.
Some individuals use hydroquinone for overall skin lightening to achieve a more even skin tone.

Hydroquinone can be used to address concerns about uneven pigmentation or dark areas on the skin.
Hydroquinone is sometimes used in combination with other dermatological treatments, such as retinoids or corticosteroids, to enhance its effectiveness in treating hyperpigmentation.
Dermatologists may recommend hydroquinone to prepare the skin for certain procedures, such as chemical peels or laser therapy, as it can help improve the uniformity of skin tone.

Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water.
Hydroquinone is a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver.
Hydroquinone is used as a polymerisation inhibitor, exploiting its antioxidant properties, hydroquinone prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers that are susceptible to radical-initiated polymerization.

By acting as a free radical scavenger, hydroquinone serves to prolong the shelflife of light-sensitive resins such as preceramic polymers.
Hydroquinone can lose a hydrogen cation from both hydroxyl groups to form a diphenolate ion.

The disodium diphenolate salt of hydroquinone is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK.
Hydroquinone is most commonly used in skin lighteners, products heavily marketed towards women of color.

Hydroquinone is used in the following products: photo-chemicals, polymers, coating products, inks and toners and water treatment chemicals.
Hydroquinone is used in a cream or lotion formulation in a concentration of 1-5%.
Hydroquinone is often found in a combination formulation with other skin lightening agents such as topical retinoids (to increase efficiency) and low potency topical steroids (to reduce irritancy).

In New Zealand and many other countries, hydroquinone is only available on prescription, and may need to be compounded by the pharmacist.
Hydroquinone must be distinguished from monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone which can cause irreversible pigment loss.
Hydroquinone is a topical skin-bleaching agent used in the cosmetic treatment of hyperpigmented skin conditions.

The effect of skin lightening caused by hydroquinone is reversible when exposed to sunlight and therefore requires regular use until desired results are achieved.
Various preparations are available including creams, emulsions, gels, lotions and solutions.
Hydroquinone is available over the counter in a 2% cream and can be prescribed by your dermatologist in higher concentrations.

Health Hazard:
Hydroquinone is very toxic; the probable oral lethal dose for humans is 50-500 mg/kg, or between 1 teaspoon and 1 ounce for a 150 lb.
Hydroquinone is irritating but not corrosive.
Fatal human doses have ranged from 5-12 grams, but 300-500 mg have been ingested daily for 3-5 months without ill effects.

Exposures to hydroquinone in large quantities by accidental oral ingestion produce toxicity and poisoning.
The symptoms of poisoning include, but are not limited to, blurred speech, tinnitus, tremors, sense of suffocation, vomiting, muscular twitching, headache, convul- sions, dyspnea and cyanosis from methemoglobinemia, coma, and collapse from respira- tory failure.
Occupational workers should be allowed to work with protective clothing and dust masks with full-face or goggles to protect the eyes, and under proper management.

DESCRIPTION:

Hydroquinone is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.
Hydroquinone has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.
Hydroquinone is a white granular solid. Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones.



CAS NUMBER: 123-31-9

EC NUMBER: 204-617-8

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C6H6O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 110.12



DESCRIPTION:

Hydroquinone appears as light colored crystals or solutions.
Hydroquinone may irritates the skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
Hydroquinone is mildly toxic by ingestion or skin absorption.
Hydroquinone is a benzenediol comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents para to each other.
Hydroquinone has a role as a cofactor, a carcinogenic agent, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a skin lightening agent, an antioxidant and a mouse metabolite.

Hydroquinone is a benzenediol and a member of hydroquinones.
Hydroquinone is a topical lightening product found in OTC products, and is used to correct skin discoloration associated with disorders of hyperpigmentation including melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmention, sunspots, and freckles.
Hydroquinone can be used alone, but is more frequently found in combination with other agents such as alpha-hydroxy acids, corticosteroids, retinoids, or sunscreen.
Hydroquinone has come under scrutiny due to several complications associated with its use, including dermal irritation, exogenous onchronosis, and carginogenicity.

As a result of these concerns, hydroquinone has been banned in the EU and UK.
Hydroquinone is used to lighten the dark patches of skin (also called hyperpigmentation, melasma, "liver spots," "age spots," freckles) caused by pregnancy, birth control pills, hormone medicine, or injury to the skin.This medicine works by blocking the process in the skin that leads to discoloration.
Hydroquinone is a skin-lightening agent used topically for the treatment of hyperpigmentation.
Hydroquinone is used in a cream or lotion formulation in a concentration of 1-5%.
Hydroquinone is often found in a combination formulation with other skin lightening agents such as topical retinoids (to increase efficiency) and low potency topical steroids.

Hydroquinone is used as a developing agent in photography and as an antioxidant in rubber and food.
Hydroquinone is a Melanin Synthesis Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of hydroquinone is as a Melanin Synthesis Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of hydroquinone is by means of Depigmenting Activity.
Hydroquinone is frequently found in skin-lightening products like bleaching creams.
Hydroquinone works by limiting your production of melanin, the hormone that darkens your skin.

While some people use it to lighten their darker skin, hydroquinone creams are most commonly used to lighten small, dark patches like sunspots or hyperpigmentation.
Hydroquinone is produced by the oxidation of aniline or phenol, by the reduction of quinone, or from a reaction of acetylene and carbon monoxide.
Hydroquinone has been reported to be a good antimitotic and tumor-inhibiting agent.
Hydroquinone is a reducing agent used in a photographic developer, which polymerizes in the presence of oxidizing agents.
In the manufacturing industry, Hydroquinone may occur include bacteriostatic agent, drug, fur processing, motor fuel, paint, organic chemicals, plastics, stone coating, and styrene monomers.

Hydroquinone is a pigment-lightening agent used in bleaching creams.
Hydroquinone combines with oxygen very rapidly and becomes brown when exposed to air.
Although Hydroquinone occurs naturally, the synthetic version is the one commonly used in cosmetics.
Application to the skin may cause allergic reaction and increase skin sun sensitivity.
Hydroquinone is potentially carcinogenic and is associated with causing ochronosis, a discoloration of the skin.
Hydroquinone interferes with the production of the pigment melanin by epidermal melanocytes through at least two mechanisms.

Hydroquinone competitively inhibits tyrosinase, one of the principal enzymes responsible for converting tyrosine to melanin, and it selectively damages melanocytes and melanosomes (the organelles within which melanin is stored).
Hydroquinone is used in photography developers (black and white, X-ray, and microfilms), in plastics, in hair dyes as an antioxidant and hair colorant.
Hydroquinone is found in many skin bleaching creams.

Creams with hydroquinone as an ingredient are an excellent non-surgical aesthetic procedure to help you achieve the skin you have always wanted. Unlike skin lightening surgery, hydroquinone creams are a cosmetic procedure that can be undertaken in the comfort of your own home after the initial consultation with your dermatologist.
If you have dark patches or old sunspots, creams with hydroquinone can lighten them and – when combined with other suitable skincare ingredients – can help your skin recover from sun damage.
Hydroquinone is a topical skin-bleaching agent used in the cosmetic treatment of hyperpigmented skin conditions.

The effect of skin lightening caused by hydroquinone is reversible when exposed to sunlight and therefore requires regular use until desired results are achieved. Various preparations are available including creams, emulsions, gels, lotions and solutions.
Hydroquinone is available over the counter in a 2% cream and can be prescribed by your dermatologist in higher concentrations.
Hydroquinone is used as an antioxidant in tire industry.
Hydroquinone is used as a small additive to prevent homopolymerization to all monomers in the liquid phase.

Hydroquinone is used as a barrier to polymerization in bone cement due to heat and light.
Hydroquinone is used in the photography sector in radiography and filmmaking.
Hydroquinone is an active substance used in creams that cause skin color in this sector.
Because of the side effects of hydroquinone such as skin irritation, cytotoxicity and exogenous ochronosis, it has been possible to develop alternative colorants.
Hydroquinone is an aromatic organic compound.

In the United States, Hydroquinone may be used as an active ingredient in OTC drug products.
When used as an active drug ingredient, the established name is Hydroquinone.
Hydroquinone is used as an inhibitor of polymerization.
Due to its outstanding photo developing properties, Hydroquinone is also used as a photo developer, and as a raw material in manufacturing dye intermediates.
Hydroquinone is produced as an inhibitor, an antioxidant, and an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, motor fuels, and oils; in photographic processing; and naturally in certain plant species, Hydroquinone is a phenol derivative with antioxidant properties that can cause toxicity in several organs.

Hydroquinone is used as a topical treatment for skin hyperpigmentation and in various cosmetic products.
Hydroquinone is metabolized mainly to glutathione conjugates and forms mutagenic DNA adducts in in-vitro systems.
Hydroquinone, also benzene-1,4-diol, is an aromatic organic compound which is a type of phenol.
Hydroquinone is commonly used as a biomarker for benzene exposure.
The presence of hydroquinone in normal individuals stems mainly from direct dietary ingestion, catabolism of tyrosine and other substrates by gut bacteria, ingestion of arbutin containing foods, cigarette smoking, and the use of some over-the-counter medicines.

Hydroquinone is a white, odorless, crystalline solid with an extremely low vapor pressure.
Hydroquinone is moderately soluble in water and highly soluble in alcohol.
Hydroquinone occurs in the environment as a result of anthropogenic processes, as well as in natural products from plants.
In the soil, hydroquinone is expected to biodegrade under aerobic conditions.
Hydroquinone may be removed from the soil by oxidation processes or by direct photolysis on the surface.
In the water, Hydroquinone would degrade under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions.

Hydroquinone can also slowly oxidize to quinone, which is more volatile.
In the air, hydroquinone undergoes photochemical degradation.
Hydroquinone is a skin lightening agent available as either a pharmaceutical or a cosmeceutical.
Hydroquinone's mechanism of action depends on its ability to inhibit tyrosinase synthesis, thereby inhibiting the production of melanin.
Hydroquinone is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, which is a kind of phenol and also a derivative of benzene.

Hydroquinone contains two hydroxyl groups bonded in a para position to the benzene ring.
Hydroquinone is a granular white solid.
Hydroquinone has several applications, which are primarily associated with its function as a reducing agent that is soluble in water.
Hydroquinone is a major component of most black and white photographers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it transforms silver halides into elemental silver.
Formula of hydroquinone is C6H6O2.

The Molecular Weight is 110.11 g/mol.
The Boiling Point of hydroquinone is 287°C
Also, the Melting Point of hydroquinone is 172°C.
The Density of hydroquinone is 1.3gcm−3.
Hydroquinone is soluble in water.

Hydroquinone has a white-solid appearance.
Industrial production of hydroquinone usually happens in two ways.
The most commonly used technique is identical to the cumene process in the reaction mechanism and, it includes the dialkylation of benzene with propene to produce 1,4diisopropyl benzene.
The compound reacts with air to form bishydroperoxide, which has a similar structure compared to cumene hydroperoxide and, it rearranges in acid to form acetone and hydroquinone.Hydroquinone is a topical lightening product found in OTC products, and is used to correct skin discoloration associated with disorders of hyperpigmentation including melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmention, sunspots, and freckles.
Hydroquinone can be used alone, but is more frequently found in combination with other agents such as alpha-hydroxy acids, corticosteroids, retinoids, or sunscreen.



APPLICATIONS:

-As a reducing agent.
-For the preventive measures of methyl methacrylate.
-In skin whitening.
-Helpful as a biomarker for benzene exposure.
-By photographic developers
-In the treatment of acne scars
-In various cosmetic products



APPLICATIONS:

-Hydroquinone has several applications, which are primarily associated with its function as a reducing agent that is soluble in water.
-Hydroquinone is a major component of most black and white photographers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it transforms silver halides into elemental silver.
-There are several other applications for its reducing power.
-As a polymerization barrier, hydroquinone inhibits the polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers vulnerable to radical-initiated polymerization by using its antioxidant properties.
-By serving as a free-radical scavenger, hydroquinone helps in improving the shelflife of light-sensitive resins such as preceramic polymers.
-Hydroquinone can form a diphenolate ion by losing a hydrogen cation from both hydroxyl groups.



USAGE:

Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water.
Hydroquinone is a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver.
There are various other uses associated with its reducing power.

As a polymerisation inhibitor, exploiting its antioxidant properties, hydroquinone prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers that are susceptible to radical-initiated polymerization.
By acting as a free radical scavenger, hydroquinone serves to prolong the shelflife of light-sensitive resins such as preceramic polymers.
Hydroquinone can lose a hydrogen cation from both hydroxyl groups to form a diphenolate ion.
The disodium diphenolate salt of hydroquinone is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK.


-Skin depigmentation:

Hydroquinone is used as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the color of skin.
Hydroquinone does not have the same predisposition to cause dermatitis as metol does.
This is a prescription-only ingredient in some countries.
In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked its previous approval of hydroquinone and proposed a ban on all over-the-counter preparations.
The FDA officially banned hydroquinone in 2020 as part of a larger reform of the over-the-counter drug review process.

The FDA stated that hydroquinone cannot be ruled out as a potential carcinogen.
This conclusion was reached based on the extent of absorption in humans and the incidence of neoplasms in rats in several studies where adult rats were found to have increased rates of tumours, including thyroid follicular cell hyperplasias, anisokaryosis (variation in nuclei sizes), mononuclear cell leukemia, hepatocellular adenomas and renal tubule cell adenomas.
The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics has also highlighted concerns.

Numerous studies have revealed that hydroquinone, if taken orally, can cause exogenous ochronosis, a disfiguring disease in which blue-black pigments are deposited onto the skin; however, skin preparations containing the ingredient are administered topically.
The FDA had classified hydroquinone in 1982 as a safe product - generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE), however additional studies under the National Toxicology Program (NTP) were suggested in order to determine whether there is a risk to humans from the use of hydroquinone.
NTP evaluation showed some evidence of long-term carcinogenic and genotoxic effects.

While hydroquinone remains widely prescribed for treatment of hyperpigmentation, questions raised about its safety profile by regulatory agencies in the EU, Japan, and USA encourage the search for other agents with comparable efficacy.
Several such agents are already available or under research, including azelaic acid, kojic acid, retinoids, cysteamine, topical steroids, glycolic acid, and other substances.
One of these, 4-butylresorcinol, has been proven to be more effective at treating melanin-related skin disorders by a wide margin, as well as safe enough to be made available over the counter.

Hydroquinone is a chemical that a person can use to lighten their skin tone.
Hydroquinone is available as a cream, gel, lotion, or emulsion.
Hydroquinone is generally safe to use, but some people may experience side effects, such as dry skin.
Hydroquinone is a chemical that bleaches the skin.
Hydroquinone can come as a cream, emulsion, gel, or lotion.



PRODUCTION:

Hydroquinone is produced industrially in two main ways.
The most widely used route is similar to the cumene process in reaction mechanism and involves the dialkylation of benzene with propene to give 1,4-diisopropylbenzene. Hydroquinone reacts with air to afford the bis(hydroperoxide), which is structurally similar to cumene hydroperoxide and rearranges in acid to give acetone and hydroquinone.
A second route involves hydroxylation of phenol over a catalyst.

Other, less common methods include:

-A potentially significant synthesis of hydroquinone from acetylene and iron pentacarbonyl has been proposed Iron pentacarbonyl serves as a catalyst, rather than as a reagent, in the presence of free carbon monoxide gas.
-Rhodium or ruthenium can substitute for iron as the catalyst with favorable chemical yields but are not typically used due to their cost of recovery from the reaction mixture.
-Hydroquinone and its derivatives can also be prepared by oxidation of various phenols.
-Examples include Elbs persulfate oxidation and Dakin oxidation.
-Hydroquinone was first obtained in 1820 by the French chemists Pelletier and Caventou via the dry distillation of quinic acid.



MECHANISM OF ACTION:

Hydroquinone lightens epidermal, but not dermal, pigmentation by reducing the production of new melanin:

-Reversible inhibition of tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in converting L3,4-diphenylalanine to the skin pigment melanin
-Selective damage to melanocytes and melanosomes.



HOW TO USE IT:

Hydroquinone is applied topically just to the hyperpigmented skin only, twice daily for 3 months, after which time many patients maintain their improvement by using it twice each week.
If there has been no benefit after 3 months of treatment, then the hydroquinone should be stopped.
Management of the underlying cause of the hyperpigmentation is also recommended.

When initiating hydroquinone treatment, Hydroquinone is advisable to:

-Start with a test area about 1 cm in diameter.
-If there is no irritation or redness within 24 hours, the cream can be used more widely on the affected areas.
-Apply a thin film initially daily and if there is no irritation after one week, the application frequency can be increased to twice a day.
-Do not apply close to the eyes or mouth.
-Do not use any other topical medication, particularly benzoyl peroxide.
-Wait for 10 minutes before applying sunscreen or cosmetics over the hydroquinone.
-Treatment should be discontinued if undue redness, scaling, itch, or weeping occurs.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Melting point: 172-175 °C(lit.)
-Boiling point: 285 °C(lit.)
-density: 1.32
-vapor density: 3.81 (vs air)
-vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 132 °C)
-refractive index: 1.6320
-Fp: 165 °C
-storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
-solubility: H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear
-pka: 10.35(at 20℃)
-form: Needle-Like Crystals or Crystalline Powder
-color: White to off-white
-Odor: odorless
-Water Solubility: 70 g/L (20 ºC)
-Sensitive: Air & Light Sensitive




BENEFITS:

Hydroquinone is particularly effective for the treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation which is unlikely to recur provided the underlying inflammatory dermatosis is also controlled.
In melasma, 70% of sufferers notice clearance or reduction in pigmentation with twice daily hydroquinone used for three months.
This improvement can be maintained in 50% of individuals with twice weekly application.


NATURAL OCCURRENCES:

Hydroquinones are one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide, which collect in a reservoir.
The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber.
This chamber is lined with cells that secrete catalases and peroxidases.
When the contents of the reservoir are forced into the reaction chamber, the catalases and peroxidases rapidly break down the hydrogen peroxide and catalyze the oxidation of the hydroquinones into p-quinones.

These reactions release free oxygen and generate enough heat to bring the mixture to the boiling point and vaporize about a fifth of it, producing a hot spray from the beetle's abdomen.
Hydroquinone is thought to be the active toxin in Agaricus hondensis mushrooms.
Hydroquinone has been shown to be one of the chemical constituents of the natural product propolis.
Hydroquinone is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum. This compound is gathered from the beaver's castor sacs.



USES:

-raw material
-intermediate or auxiliaries
-widely used in dye
-rubber
-photograph
-pesticides
-cosmetics
-pharmaceuticals industries



PROPERTIES:

-CAS No.：123-31-9
-Molecular formula：C6H6O2
-Molecular weight：110.12
-Appearance：White or off-white crystal
-Solubility：Easily soluble in hot water, soluble in cool water, ethanol and diethyl ether, slightly soluble in benzene
-Density：1.32g/cm3
-Flash point：141.6℃



REACTIONS:

The reactivity of hydroquinone's hydroxyl groups resembles that of other phenols, being weakly acidic.
The resulting conjugate base undergoes easy O-alkylation to give mono- and diethers.
Similarly, hydroquinone is highly susceptible to ring substitution by Friedel–Crafts reactions such as alkylation.
This reaction is exploited en route to popular antioxidants such as 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA).
The useful dye quinizarin is produced by diacylation of hydroquinone with phthalic anhydride.


-Redox:

Hydroquinone undergoes oxidation under mild conditions to give benzoquinone.
This process can be reversed.
Some naturally occurring hydroquinone derivatives exhibit this sort of reactivity, one example being coenzyme Q.
Industrially this reaction is exploited both with hydroquinone itself but more often with its derivatives where one OH has been replaced by an amine.

When colorless hydroquinone and benzoquinone, a bright yellow solid, are cocrystallized in a 1:1 ratio, a dark-green crystalline charge-transfer complex (melting point 171 °C) called quinhydrone (C6H6O2·C6H4O2) is formed.
This complex dissolves in hot water, where the two molecules dissociate in solution.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Boiling point: 287 °C (1013 hPa)
-Density: 1.332 g/cm3 (15 °C)
-Flash point: 165 °C
-Ignition temperature: 515 °C
-Melting Point: 171 °C (decomposition)
-pH value: 3.7 (70 g/l, H₂O)
-Vapor pressure: 1 hPa (132 °C)
-Bulk density: 600 kg/m3
-Solubility: 70 g/l



PROPERTIES:

-CAS number: 123-31-9
-EC index number: 604-005-00-4
-EC number: 204-617-8
-Hill Formula: C₆H₆O₂
-Chemical formula: C₆H₄(OH)₂
-Molar Mass: 110.11 g/mol



SPECIFICATIONS:

-Molecular Weight: 110.11 g/mol
-XLogP3: 0.6
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
-Rotatable Bond Count: 0
-Exact Mass: 110.036779430 g/mol
-Monoisotopic Mass: 110.036779430 g/mol
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5Ų
-Heavy Atom Count: 8
-Complexity: 54.9
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



STORAGE:

Stored in a cool, dry, ventilated place with sealed packing, abstaining from moistness and away from oxidizing agents, alkalis



SYNONYM:

hydroquinone
Benzene-1,4-diol
123-31-9
1,4-benzenediol
Quinol
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
p-Benzenediol
p-Hydroquinone
p-Hydroxyphenol
4-Hydroxyphenol
p-Dihydroxybenzene
Benzoquinol
Eldoquin
hydroquinol
Eldopaque
Phiaquin
p-Dioxybenzene
Solaquin forte
Dihydroquinone
Hydroquinole
Idrochinone
Tecquinol
Benzohydroquinone
Hidroquinone
Arctuvin
Tequinol
Dihydroxybenzene
Eldopaque Forte
Eldoquin Forte
Derma-Blanch
Hydrochinon
Tenox HQ
Diak 5
Benzene, p-dihydroxy-
Hydrochinone
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol
Artra
Usaf ek-356
1,4-Diidrobenzene
p-Dioxobenzene
1,4-Dihydroxybenzen
para-Dioxybenzene
para-Hydroquinone
NCI-C55834
Pyrogentistic acid
Black and White Bleaching Cream
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen
para-Dihydroxybenzene
beta-quinol
HE 5
Epiquin
Sunvanish
Idrochinone [Italian]
p-Dihydroquinone
alpha-hydroquinone
para-Hydroxyphenol
CHEBI:17594
NSC 9247
Hydrochinon [Czech, Polish]
CCRIS 714
1,4-Dihydroxybenzen [Czech]
1,4-Diidrobenzene [Italian]
quinnone
Eldopacque
HSDB 577
DTXSID7020716
p-Phenylenediol
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen [Dutch]
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol [German]
p Benzendiol
p-Quinol
AI3-00072
CHEMBL537
UNII-XV74C1N1AE
NSC-9247
1,4-Benzoquinol
EINECS 204-617-8
XV74C1N1AE
UN2662
1,4-Hydroxybenzene
Hydroquinone [USP]
MFCD00002339
HQ
BQ(H)
DTXCID70716
Black & White Bleaching Cream
NSC9247
EC 204-617-8
Hydroquinone [UN2662] [Poison]
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene (ring-d4)
Hydroquinone (USP)
TRI-LUMA COMPONENT HYDROQUINONE
NCGC00015523-02
HYDROQUINONE COMPONENT OF TRI-LUMA
HYDROQUINONE (IARC)
HYDROQUINONE [IARC]
HYDROQUINONE (MART.)
HYDROQUINONE [MART.]
HYDROQUINONE (USP-RS)
HYDROQUINONE [USP-RS]
HYDROQUINONE (USP MONOGRAPH)
HYDROQUINONE [USP MONOGRAPH]
CAS-123-31-9
SMR000059154
SR-01000075920
BUTYLHYDROXYANISOLE IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY)
BUTYLHYDROXYANISOLE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
4-DIHYDROXYBENZENE
hydrokinone
hydroquinon
Hidroquinona
Hydrokinon
Hydroquinoue
Accutin
Elopaque
hydroq uinone
hydroquinone gr
p-fenilenediol
p-hidroquinona
p-hidroxifenol
Reduced quinone
a-Hydroquinone
p-Dioxibenceno
4-hidroxifenol
p-Diphenol
p-Hydroxybenzene
b-Quinol
4-Benzenediol
Dihydroxybenzen e
14-Benzoquinol
p-Dihidroxibenceno
Hydroquinone, HQ
.beta.-Quinol
1,4 benzenediol
1,4-Bencenodiol
Hydroquinone,(S)
p-dihydroxy benzene
p -Dihydroxybenzene
PLQ
1,4-Benzendil
Artra (Salt/Mix)
HYDROP
.alpha.-Hydroquinone
1 4-p-Benzenediol
Hydroquinone (8CI)
phenol derivative, 4
1 4-Dihydroxybenzene
1,4-Dihidroxibenceno
4-hydroxyphenyl alcohol
Spectrum_001757
4e3h
HDQ (CHRIS Code)
PYROGENTISIC ACID
SpecPlus_000769
1,4-Dihydrobenzoquinone
ELDOQUIN (TN)
HYDROQUINONE BAKER
hydroquinone for synthesis
Spectrum2_001672
Spectrum3_000656
Spectrum4_000633
Spectrum5_001430
HYDROQUINONE [MI]
Lopac-H-9003
WLN: QR DQ
bmse000293
D03UOT
D08LQA
Epitope ID:116206
HYDROQUINONE [HSDB]
HYDROQUINONE [INCI]
HYDROQUINONE [VANDF]
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene Quinol
Lopac0_000577
SCHEMBL15516
BSPBio_002291
KBioGR_001246
KBioSS_002237
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, XIII
MLS000069815
MLS001074911
BIDD:ER0340
DivK1c_006865
HYDROQUINONE [WHO-DD]
Hydroquinone, LR, >=99%
SPECTRUM1504237
Hydrochinon(CZECH, POLISH)
SPBio_001883
BDBM26190
Hydroquinone, puriss., 99.0%
KBio1_001809
KBio2_002237
KBio2_004805
KBio2_007373
KBio3_001511
Benzene-1,4-diol (Hydroquinone)
BENZENE, 1,4-DIHYDROXY-
HMS1922H15
HMS2093E08
HMS3261D16
HYDROQUINONE [ORANGE BOOK]
LS-23
Pharmakon1600-01504237
HY-B0951
Hydroquinone [UN2662] [Poison]
Tox21_110169
Tox21_202345
Tox21_300015
Tox21_500577
CCG-39082
NA2662
NSC758707
s4580
STK397446
UN3435
AKOS000119003
Tox21_110169_1
AM10548
DB09526
LP00577
NSC-758707
SDCCGSBI-0050559.P003
UN 2662
Hydroquinone, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
Hydroquinone, USP, 99.0-100.5%
NCGC00015523-01
NCGC00015523-03
NCGC00015523-04
NCGC00015523-05
NCGC00015523-06
NCGC00015523-07
NCGC00015523-08
NCGC00015523-09
NCGC00015523-10
NCGC00015523-11
NCGC00015523-12
NCGC00015523-13
NCGC00015523-19
NCGC00090880-01
NCGC00090880-02
NCGC00090880-03
NCGC00090880-04
NCGC00090880-05
NCGC00254037-01
NCGC00259894-01
NCGC00261262-01
BP-21160
Hydroquinone, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.5%
SBI-0050559.P002
Hydroquinone, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
EU-0100577
FT-0606877
H0186
Hydroquinone, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
EN300-18053
Hydroquinone, meets USP testing specifications
C00530
D00073
H 9003
AB00053361_08
Quinol; 1,4-Benzenediol; 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
Q419164
J-004910
J-521469
SR-01000075920-1
SR-01000075920-4
Q27102742
Z57127551
094CADDB-59BF-4EDF-B278-59791B203EA2
F1908-0167



IUPAC NAME:

1,4-Benzenediol
1,4-Benzenediol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, HQ, Quinol
1,4-Benzodiol
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
1,4-dihydroxybenzene
1,4-dihydroxybenzene; hydroquinone; quinol
1,4-dyhydroxybenzene; hydroquinone, quinol
benzene, 1,4-dihydroxy
Benzene-1,4-diol
benzene-1,4-diol
Benzene-4,1-diol
hydoquinone
Hydrochinon
HYDROQUINONE
Hydroquinone
hydroquinone
Hydroquinone
hydroquinone
hydroquinone
quinol

Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.
Hydroquinone has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.
Hydroquinone is a white granular solid.


CAS Number: 123-31-9
EC Number: 204-617-8
MDL number: MFCD00002339
Molecular Formula: C6H6O2 / C6H4-1,4-(OH)2


Hydroquinone is a chemical that a person can use to lighten their skin tone.
Hydroquinone is available as a cream, gel, lotion, or emulsion.
Hydroquinone has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.


Hydroquinone is a white granular solid.
Hydroquinone is a white granular solid at room temperature and pressure.
Hydroquinone is generally safe to use, but some people may experience side effects, such as dry skin


Hydroquinone in some countries, including the member states of the European Union under Directives 76/768/EEC:1976.
Hydroquinone is a chemical that bleaches the skin.
Hydroquinone's chemical structure has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.


Hydroquinone is a white granular solid at room temperature and pressure.
Some biochemical compounds in nature have this sort of Hydroquinone or quinone section in their structures, such as Coenzyme Q, and can undergo similar redox interconversions.


The hydroxyl groups of Hydroquinone are quite weakly acidic.
Hydroquinone can come as a cream, emulsion, gel, or lotion.
A person can apply these products directly to the skin.


Creams that contain Hydroquinone are available with a prescription from a doctor.
Hydroquinone is colourless, crystalline organic compound formed by chemical reduction of benzoquinone.
Hydroquinone is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.


Hydroquinone comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents para to each other.
Hydroquinone, also known as Hydroquinone or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.


Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinone.
Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent which is soluble in water.
People may use hydroquinone as a form of treatment for hyperpigmentation skin conditions, wherein some areas of skin grow darker than surrounding areas.


Hydroquinone or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound which is a type of phenol, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.
Hydroquinone, also known as Hydroquinone or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.


Hydroquinone bleaches the skin, which can be helpful when treating different forms of hyperpigmentation.
Hydroquinone is a skin-lightening agent.
Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.


Hydroquinone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroquinone.
Hydroquinone are compounds containing a hydroquinone moiety, which consists of a benzene ring with a hydroxyl groups at positions 1 and 4.
Hydroquinone can lose an H+ from one of the hydroxyls to form a monophenolate ion or lose an H+ from both to form a diphenolate ion.


Hydroquinone has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.
Hydroquinone is the name recommended for Hydroquinone by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in its 1993 Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry.


Hydroquinone can undergo mild oxidation to convert to the compound parabenzoquinone, C6H4O2, often called p-quinone or simply quinone.
Hydroquinone is an aromatic organic compound which is a type of phenol.
Hydroquinone can be considered a simple polyphenol.


Substituted derivatives of Hydroquinone are also referred to as hydroquinones.
Hydroquinone is a white crystalline solid, C6H4(OH)2; r.d. 1.33; m.p. 170°C; b.p. 285°C.
Hydroquinone is a white granular solid.


Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinone.
Hydroquinone is a benzenediol.
Hydroquinone, also known as Hydroquinone, is an aromatic organic compound which is a type of phenol, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.


The name "hydroquinone" was coined by Friedrich Wöhler in 1843.
Hydroquinone appears as light colored crystals or solutions.
Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water.


Hydroquinone is a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver.
Hydroquinone is a major component in most photographic developers where, with the compound Metol, Hydroquinone reduces silver halides to elemental silver.


Substituted derivatives of Hydroquinone are also referred to as hydroquinones.
Hydroquinone is a benzenediol comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents para to each other.
Hydroquinone is a topical skin-bleaching agent used in the cosmetic treatment of hyperpigmented skin conditions.


The effect of skin lightening caused by hydroquinone is reversible when exposed to sunlight and therefore requires regular use until desired results are achieved.
Various preparations are available including creams, emulsions, gels, lotions and solutions.


The hydroxyl groups of Hydroquinone are quite weakly acidic.
Hydroquinone can lose an H+ from one of the hydroxyls to form a monophenolate ion or lose an H+ from both to form a diphenolate ion.
Reduction of quinone reverses this reaction back to Hydroquinone.
Hydroquinone's chemical structure has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.


Hydroquinone is available over the counter in a 2% cream and can be prescribed by your dermatologist in higher concentrations.
Hydroquinone has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.
Hydroquinone is a white granular solid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HYDROQUINONE:
There are various other uses associated with Hydroquinone's reducing power.
Hydroquinone can lose a hydrogen cation from both hydroxyl groups to form a diphenolate ion.
Hydroquinone is used as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the color of skin.


Hydroquinone is used as a topical treatment for skin hyperpigmentation and in various cosmetic products.
As a polymerisation inhibitor, exploiting its antioxidant properties, Hydroquinone prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers that are susceptible to radical-initiated polymerization.


Hydroquinone is also used as a raw material of herbicides, rubber antioxidants and dye stuffs.
Hydroquinone is a topical lightening product found in OTC products, and is used to correct skin discoloration associated with disorders of hyperpigmentation including melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmention, sunspots, and freckles.


By acting as a free radical scavenger, Hydroquinone serves to prolong the shelflife of light-sensitive resins such as preceramic polymers.
In human medicine, Hydroquinone is used as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the color of skin as Hydroquinone does not have the same predisposition to cause dermatitis as metal does.


Hydroquinone can lose a hydrogen cation from both hydroxyl groups to form a diphenolate ion.
The disodium diphenolate salt of hydroquinone is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK.
As a polymerisation inhibitor, exploiting its antioxidant properties, Hydroquinone prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers that are susceptible to radical-initiated polymerization.


Hydroquinone is used to lighten the dark patches of skin (also called hyperpigmentation, melasma, "liver spots," "age spots," freckles) caused by pregnancy, birth control pills, hormone medicine, or injury to the skin.
The disodium diphenolate salt of Hydroquinone is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK.


This medicine works by blocking the process in the skin that leads to discoloration.
In the field of water treatment, Hydroquinone is added to the hot water and cooling water of the closed-circuit heating and cooling system, and the corrosion inhibition of the water side Metal energy is carried out.


Hydroquinone is used as raw material, intermediate or auxiliaries, and widely used in dye, rubber, photograph, pesticides, pharmaceuticals industries etc.
Hydroquinone has role skin lightening agent.
Hydroquinone is used in making dyes.


Hydroquinone is also used as a raw material of herbicides, rubber antioxidants and dye stuffs.
Hydroquinone cream is the standard depigmentation or skin-lightening agent.
Hydroquinone is a major component in most photographic developers where, with the compound Metol, Hydroquinone reduces silver halides to elemental silver.


Clinically Hydroquinone is used to treat areas of dyschromia, such as in melasma, chloasma, solar lentigines, freckles, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water.


This activity outlines the indications, mechanism of action, methods of administration, important adverse effects, contraindications, and monitoring of hydroquinone, so providers can direct patient therapy to optimal outcomes in conditions where it is indicated.
Any cosmetic used to lighten the colour of skin by reducing the concentration of melanin.


Popularized by its usage as a photo-developer, hydroquinone can be used in any condition causing hyperpigmentation.
Hydroquinone is a white crystalline phenol, Hydroquinone, is used as an antioxidant, photographic developer, stabilizer, and reagent.
Common conditions include melasma, freckles, lentigines, age spots and acne scars.


Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with Hydroquinone's action as a reducing agent which is soluble in water.
Skin sensitivity to hydroquinone may be determined before treatment by applying a small amount of cream to the hyperpigmented area and noting any redness or itching.


If no reaction occurs, initiate treatment.
The disodium diphenolate salt of Hydroquinone is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK.
As a general rule, always ensure the area is clean and dry then apply a thin film to the lesion and rub Hydroquinone into the skin well.


Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent which is soluble in water.
Hands should be washed after the application to avoid unwanted lightening of the fingers.
As a polymerization inhibitor, Hydroquinone prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, etc.


To maintain the desired affect, hydroquinone should be used concurrently with a strong sunscreen.
Hydroquinone is a white crystalline compound, C6H6O2, formed by the reduction of quinone, used chiefly in photography and to inhibit autoxidation reactions.
Many preparations are available as a combination product.


Hydroquinone is commonly used as a biomarker for benzene exposure.
Hydroquinone is a depigmenting agent used to lighten areas of darkened skin such as freckles, age spots, chloasma, and melisma caused by pregnancy, birth control pills, hormone medicine, or injury to the skin.


Hydroquinone is a white crystalline soluble phenol used as a photographic developer.
Hydroquinone decreases the formation of melanin in the skin.
Melanin is the pigment in skin that gives it a brown color.


Hydroquinone is used as an OTC topical lightening agent for disorders of hyperpigmentation including melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmention, sunspots and freckles.
Hydroquinone is frequently found in skin-lightening products like bleaching creams.


Hydroquinone can be used alone, but is more frequently found in combination with other agents such as alpha-hydroxy acids, corticosteroids, retinoids, or sunscreen.
Hydroquinone works by limiting your production of melanin, the hormone that darkens your skin.


Hydroquinone has role antioxidant.
Hydroquinone has role cofactor.
A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.


While some people use it to lighten their darker skin, Hydroquinone creams are most commonly used to lighten small, dark patches like sunspots or hyperpigmentation.
Hydroquinone is a major component of most photographic developers where, with the compound Metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver.


Creams with Hydroquinone as an ingredient are an excellent non-surgical aesthetic procedure to help you achieve the skin you have always wanted.
Hydroquinoneis a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, Hydroquinone reduces silver halides to elemental silver.


By acting as a free radical scavenger, Hydroquinone serves to prolong the shelflife of light-sensitive resins such as preceramic polymers.
The disodium diphenolate salt of Hydroquinone is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK.
Unlike skin-lightening surgery, Hydroquinone creams are a cosmetic procedure that can be undertaken in the comfort of your own home after the initial consultation with your dermatologist.


Hydroquinone has role Escherichia coli metabolite.
Hydroquinone has role human xenobiotic metabolites.
Hydroquinone is used as an oxygen scavenger for boiler water, and Hydroquinone is added thereto to remove residual dissolved oxygen when the boiler water is preheated for oxygen removal.


If you have dark patches or old sunspots, creams with Hydroquinone can lighten them and – when combined with other suitable skincare ingredients – can help your skin recover from sun damage.
Hydroquinone is produced as an inhibitor, an antioxidant, and an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, motor fuels, and oils
Hydroquinone is used in photographic processing.


-Melasma:
People with melasma have brown or gray-brown patches on their skin.
These patches tend to develop on the face, such as the cheeks or nose.
They can also appear on areas of skin with high sun exposure, such as the forearms and neck.


-Freckles:
Freckles are darker spots or patches that usually occur in fair skin.
They can become more noticeable with exposure to sunlight.


-Lentigines:
Lentigines, or age spots, develop on areas of skin with the highest sun exposure.
For example, they can appear on the face or the backs of the hands.
They tend to be flat, dark, and between 0.2 centimeters (cm) and 2 cm in width.


-Acne scars:
Excess oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria can build up in skin pores and cause acne.
The body tries to repair the damage, but sometimes, it leaves scars.


-Other uses:
Some people may want to lighten their skin for cosmetic reasons.
This can have benefits for confidence and self-esteem.
However, it is important to note that the above conditions are all harmless.



PRODUCTION OF
Hydroquinone is produced industrially in two main ways.
The most widely used route is similar to the cumene process in reaction mechanism and involves the dialkylation of benzene with propene to give 1,4-diisopropylbenzene. This compound reacts with air to afford the bis(hydroperoxide), which is structurally similar to cumene hydroperoxide and rearranges in acid to give acetone and hydroquinone.

A second route involves hydroxylation of phenol over a catalyst.
The conversion uses hydrogen peroxide and affords a mixture of hydroquinone and its ortho isomer catechol (benzene-1,2-diol):
C6H5OH+H2O2⟶C6H4(OH)2+H2

A potentially significant synthesis of hydroquinone from acetylene and iron pentacarbonyl has been proposed.
Iron pentacarbonyl serves as a catalyst, rather than as a reagent, in the presence of free carbon monoxide gas.
Rhodium or ruthenium can substitute for iron as the catalyst with favorable chemical yields but are not typically used due to their cost of recovery from the reaction mixture.

Hydroquinone and its derivatives can also be prepared by oxidation of various phenols.
Examples include Elbs persulfate oxidation and Dakin oxidation.
Hydroquinone was first obtained in 1820 by the French chemists Pelletier and Caventou via the dry distillation of quinic acid.



REACTIONS OF
The reactivity of hydroquinone's hydroxyl groups resembles that of other phenols, being weakly acidic.
The resulting conjugate base undergoes easy O-alkylation to give mono- and diethers.
Similarly, hydroquinone is highly susceptible to ring substitution by Friedel–Crafts reactions such as alkylation.
This reaction is exploited en route to popular antioxidants such as 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA).
The useful dye quinizarin is produced by diacylation of hydroquinone with phthalic anhydride.



PRODUCTION of HYDROQUINONE:
Hydroquinone is produced industrially by two main routes.

*The most widely used route is similar to the cumene process in reaction mechanism and involves the dialkylation of benzene with propene to give 1,4-diisopropylbenzene.
This compound reacts with air to afford the bis(hydroperoxide), which is structurally similar to cumene hydroperoxide and rearranges in acid to give acetone and hydroquinone.

*A second route involves hydroxylation of phenol over a catalyst.
The conversion uses hydrogen peroxide and affords a mixture of hydroquinone and its ortho isomer catechol (benzene-1,2-diol):
C6H5OH + H2O2 → C6H4(OH)2 + H2O

Other, less common methods include:
A potentially significant synthesis of hydroquinone from acetylene and iron pentacarbonyl has been proposed Iron pentacarbonyl serves as a catalyst, rather than as a reagent, in the presence of free carbon monoxide gas.

Rhodium or ruthenium can substitute for iron as the catalyst with favorable chemical yields but are not typically used due to their cost of recovery from the reaction mixture.
Hydroquinone and its derivatives can also be prepared by oxidation of various phenols.

Examples include Elbs persulfate oxidation and Dakin oxidation.
Hydroquinone was first obtained in 1820 by the French chemists Pelletier and Caventou via the dry distillation of quinic acid.
Aniline is oxidized to p-benzoquinone with manganese dioxide in sulfuric acid medium and then reduced to hydroquinone with iron powder.



REDOX:
Hydroquinone undergoes oxidation under mild conditions to give benzoquinone.
This process can be reversed.
Some naturally occurring hydroquinone derivatives exhibit this sort of reactivity, one example being coenzyme Q.
Industrially this reaction is exploited both with hydroquinone itself but more often with its derivatives where one OH has been replaced by an amine.

When colorless Hydroquinone and benzoquinone, a bright yellow solid, are cocrystallized in a 1:1 ratio, a dark-green crystalline charge-transfer complex (melting point 171 °C) called quinhydrone (C6H6O2·C6H4O2) is formed.
This complex dissolves in hot water, where the two molecules dissociate in solution.



CATEGORIES of HYDROQUINONE:
*Antioxidants
*Benzene Derivatives
*Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
*Depigmenting Agents
*Dermatologicals
*Melanin Synthesis Inhibitor
*Melanin Synthesis Inhibitors
*Mutagens
*Noxae
*Phenols
*Protective Agents
*Radiation-Protective Agents



HOW DOES HYDROQUINONE WORK?
Hydroquinone bleaches your skin by decreasing the number of melanocytes present.
Melanocytes make melanin, which is what produces your skin tone.
In cases of hyperpigmentation, more melanin is present due to an increase in melanocyte production.
By controlling these melanocytes, your skin will become more evenly toned over time.
It takes about four weeks on average for the ingredient to take effect.
It may take several months of consistent use before you see full results.



EXTERNAL DESCRIPTORS of HYDROQUINONE:
*Hydroquinones
*Benzenediol
*An electron-transfer-related quinol
*A benzenediol



REACTIONS of HYDROQUINONE:
The reactivity of Hydroquinone's hydroxyl groups resembles that of other phenols, being weakly acidic.
The resulting conjugate base undergoes easy O-alkylation to give mono- and diethers.

Similarly, hydroquinone is highly susceptible to ring substitution by Friedel–Crafts reactions such as alkylation.
This reaction is exploited en route to popular antioxidants such as 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA).
The useful dye quinizarin is produced by diacylation of hydroquinone with phthalic anhydride.



AMINATION OF HYDROQUINONE:
An important reaction is the conversion of hydroquinone to the mono- and diamine derivatives.
Methylaminophenol, used in photography, is produced in this way:

C6H4(OH)2+CH3NH2methylamine⟶HOC6H4NHCH3+H2O
Diamines, useful in the rubber industry as antiozone agents, are similarly produced from aniline:
C6H4(OH)2+2C6H5NH2 aniline⟶C6H4(N(H)6H5)2+2H2O



SKIN DEPIGMENTATION OF HYDROQUINONE:
Hydroquinone is used as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the color of skin.
Hydroquinone does not have the same predisposition to cause dermatitis as metol does.
This is a prescription-only ingredient in some countries, including the member states of the European Union under Directives 76/768/EEC:1976.



REDOX of HYDROQUINONE:
Hydroquinone undergoes oxidation under mild conditions to give benzoquinone.
This process can be reversed.
Some naturally occurring hydroquinone derivatives exhibit this sort of reactivity, one example being coenzyme Q.
Industrially this reaction is exploited both with hydroquinone itself but more often with its derivatives where one OH has been replaced by an amine.

When colorless hydroquinone and benzoquinone, a bright yellow solid, are cocrystallized in a 1:1 ratio, a dark-green crystalline charge-transfer complex (melting point 171 °C) called quinhydrone (C6H6O2•C6H4O2) is formed.
This complex dissolves in hot water, where the two molecules dissociate in solution.



NATURAL OCCURRENCES OF HYDROQUINONE:
Hydroquinones are one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide (and perhaps other compounds, depending on the species), which collect in a reservoir.
The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber.

This chamber is lined with cells that secrete catalases and peroxidases.
When the contents of the reservoir are forced into the reaction chamber, the catalases and peroxidases rapidly break down the hydrogen peroxide and catalyze the oxidation of the hydroquinones into p-quinones.
These reactions release free oxygen and generate enough heat to bring the mixture to the boiling point and vaporize about a fifth of it, producing a hot spray from the beetle's abdomen.

Hydroquinone has been shown to be one of the chemical constituents of the natural product propolis.
It is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum.
This compound is gathered from the beaver's castor sacs.



AMINATION of HYDROQUINONE:
An important reaction is the conversion of Hydroquinone to the mono- and diamine derivatives.
Methylaminophenol, used in photography, is produced in this way:
C6H4(OH)2 + CH3NH2 → HOC6H4NHCH3 + H2O

Diamines, useful in the rubber industry as antiozone agents, are similarly produced from aniline:
C6H4(OH)2 + 2 C6H5NH2 → C6H4(N(H)C6H5)2 + 2 H2O



HOW TO USE HYDROQUINONE CREAM:
Follow all directions on the product package, or use as directed by your doctor.
Before using, apply a small amount of this medicine to an area of unbroken skin, and check the area within 24 hours for any serious side effects.
If the test area is itching, red, puffy, or blistering, do not use this product and contact your doctor.
If there is just mild redness, then treatment with this product may begin.

Apply this medication to the affected areas of skin, usually twice daily or as directed by your doctor.
This medication is for use on the skin only.
If it is used incorrectly, unwanted skin lightening may occur.
If you do get this medication in those areas, flush with plenty of water.

This medication may make the treated areas of skin more sensitive to the sun.
Use a sunscreen and wear protective clothing on the treated areas of skin when outdoors.
Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it.
To help you remember, use it at the same times each day.



NATURAL OCCURRENCES of HYDROQUINONE:
Hydroquinone are one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide (and perhaps other compounds, depending on the species), which collect in a reservoir.
The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber.

This chamber is lined with cells that secrete catalases and peroxidases.
When the contents of the reservoir are forced into the reaction chamber, the catalases and peroxidases rapidly break down the hydrogen peroxide and catalyze the oxidation of the Hydroquinones into p-quinones.

These reactions release free oxygen and generate enough heat to bring the mixture to the boiling point and vaporize about a fifth of it, producing a hot spray from the beetle's abdomen.
It is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum.
This compound is gathered from the beaver's castor sacs.
In bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), arbutin is converted to hydroquinone.



MECHANISM OF HYDROQUINONE:
Hydroquinone produces reversible lightening of the skin by interfering with melanin production by the melanocytes.
Specifically, inhibition of the enzymatic conversion of tyrosine to DOPA (dihydroxyphenylalanine) results in the desired chemical reduction of pigment.
Ultimately, this causes a decrease in the number of melanocytes and decreased transfer of melanin leading to lighter skin.



OBJECTIVES OF HYDROQUINONE:
Outline the indications for using hydroquinone therapy.
Describe the mechanism of action of hydroquinone.
Summarize the potential adverse events associated with hydroquinone.
Review interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to advance improved outcomes using hydroquinone when indicated.



REACTIONS KNOWN to PRODUCE HYDROQUINONE:
4-aminophenol degradation :
4-aminophenol + H2O + H+ → Hydroquinone + ammonium

4-hydroxyacetophenone degradation :
4-hydroxyphenylacetate + H2O → Hydroquinone + acetate

4-nitrophenol degradation I :
1,4-benzoquinone + NADPH + H+ → Hydroquinone + NADP+

echinenone and zeaxanthin biosynthesis (Synechocystis) :
all-trans-β-carotene + 2 1,4-benzoquinone + H2O → echinenone + 2 Hydroquinone

Not in pathways:
arbutin-6-phosphate + H2O → β-D-glucose 6-phosphate + Hydroquinone
4-hydroxybenzoate + NAD(P)H + oxygen + 2 H+ → CO2 + Hydroquinone + NAD(P)+ + H2O



HOW DOES HYDROQUINONE WORK?
For some people, melanocytes produce excessive amounts of melanin, resulting in dark patches of skin — a condition known as Melasma.
These can appear as grey-brown patches, normally on the cheeks, nose, chin, forehead, and upper lip.
In some cases, dark patches may also appear on the neck and the arms.

Although it’s women who are normally affected by Melasma, Hydroquinone does affect a small number of men too.
Melasma is also very common among pregnant women due to the fluctuation of their hormones.
Sun exposure can also be a common cause of the condition.

Whatever your reasons for considering using creams with hydroquinone, it’s vital you discuss treatment with a trained professional.
The effects are not immediate, and you will need to apply the hydroquinone cream correctly for the time specified by your doctor.
Generally, it takes around four weeks for effects to become noticeable, although some patients may find that it takes longer to see visible results with even the best hydroquinone creams.



HYDROQUINONE in NATURE:
White needle-like crystals.
Soluble in alcohol and ether, soluble in water, slightly soluble in benzene.
Visible light in the air easily turned to light red.

The aqueous solution can be oxidized to Brown in air.
Hydroquinone is a weak acid.
Hydroquinone reacts with most of the oxidizing agents and is converted to O-and p-benzoquinones.
Hydroquinone has a, beta and gamma; Three crystal forms.

Type A is a triangular needle-like or diamond-like crystal, crystallized from water and stable.
Lu is a triangular crystal, crystallized from methanol, unstable.
The & gamma; Type is monoclinic crystal, which is obtained by sublimation method and is unstable.
All three crystals can be rubbed to emit fluorescence.
Hydroquinone is the flash point is high, the vapor pressure is low.



WHAT SKIN CONDITIONS CAN BENEFIT FROM HYDROQUINONE CREAMS?
The most common use of hydroquinone creams is to treat skin conditions that cause hyperpigmentation.
Besides Melasma, these conditions include:
– Acne scars
– Age spots
– Freckles
– Psoriasis and/or eczema marks.

What’s often overlooked by those untrained in the use of hydroquinone is that it can’t treat actively inflamed areas.
Hydroquinone creams can certainly help with old acne scars, for example, but they can’t help if you currently have an active acne breakout that’s causing dark redness.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of HYDROQUINONE:
*1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids
*Benzene and substituted derivatives
*Organooxygen compounds
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS of HYDROQUINONE:
*Hydroquinone
*1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
*Monocyclic benzene moiety
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



THE REASON FOR THE BOILING POINT of HYDROQUINONE BEING HIGHER THAN THAT OF BENZENE-1,3-DIOL:
Hydroquinone has a boiling point of 287°C and Benzene-1,3-diol has a boiling point of 277°C and Benzene-1,2-diol has a boiling point of 245.5°C.
This could be attributed to the ease of formation of 2 intermolecular hydrogen bonds with the 2 hydroxy groups of these molecules increasing when the hydroxy groups are placed apart, to minimise steric hindrance and repulsion.
Hydroquinone could form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with more stability than Benzene-1,3-diol or Benzene-1,2-diol as these two will get destabilised by steric repulsion when large groups have to reach nearer to form hydrogen bonds.

Thus, the extent of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in :
Hydroquinone > Benzene-1,3-diol > Benzene-1,2-diol
To overcome this attraction, more energy is needed.
Hence the same is the order of their Boiling Points.




PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HYDROQUINONE:
CAS No.：123-31-9
Molecular formula：C6H6O2
Molecular weight：110.12
Appearance：White or off-white crystal
Solubility：Easily soluble in hot water, soluble in cool water, ethanol and diethyl ether, slightly soluble in benzene
Density：1.32g/cm3
Flash point：141.6℃
Molecular Weight: 110.11
Appearance Form: crystalline
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: 3,7 at 70 g/l
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 172 - 175 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 285 °C - lit.
Flash point: 165 °C at ca.1.013 hPa

Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa at 132 °C
Vapor density: 3,80 - (Air = 1.0)
Density: 1,332 g/cm3 at 15 °C
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility 72 g/l at 25 °C - completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water
log Pow: 0,59 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Autoignition temperature: 515,56 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 3,80 - (Air = 1.0)

Water Solubility: 95.5 g/L
logP: 0.71
logP: 1.37
logS: -0.06
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 9.68
pKa (Strongest Basic): -5.9
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 2
Polar Surface Area: 40.46 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Refractivity: 30.02 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 10.75 ų
Number of Rings: 1
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No



FIRST AID MEASURES of HYDROQUINONE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HYDROQUINONE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HYDROQUINONE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HYDROQUINONE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use safety goggles.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Use protective clothing.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HYDROQUINONE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
*Hygiene measures:
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HYDROQUINONE:
-Chemical stability
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
Hydroquinone
Idrochinone
Quinol
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
p-dihydroxybenzene
1,4-Hydroxy benzene
1,4-Benzenediol
HQ
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
Hydroquinone
Quinol
P-Hydroquinone
Hydrochinon
Dihydroquinone
Hydroquinol
Benzoquinol
Hydrochinone
Hidroquinone
Hidroquin
Idrochinone
Para-Hydroquinone
Hydroquinole
Hidroquilaude
1, 4-Dihydroxy-Benzeen
1, 4-Diidrobenzene
Pyrogentistic Acid
Hydroquinoue
Ccris 714
Diak 5
1,4-Benzenediol
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
4-Hydroxyphenol
Benzene-1,4-diol
Eldoquin
Hydroquinone
hydroquinone
p-Benzenediol
p-Hydroquinone
p-hydroxyphenol
Quinol
1,4-benzenediol
benzene-1,4-diol
p-dihydroxybenzene
1,4-dihydroxybenzene
hydroquinol
p-hydroquinone

Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is produced by the oxidation of aniline or phenol, by the reduction of quinone, or from a reaction of acetylene and carbon monoxide.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) occurs naturally as a glucose ether, also known as arbutin, in the leaves of many plants and in fruits, as well as one of the agents used in the defense mechanism of the bombardier beetle, family Carabidae.
White needle-like crystals or crystalline powder.

CAS: 123-31-9
MF: C6H6O2
MW: 110.11
EINECS: 204-617-8

Synonyms
Hydroquinone, 99.5%, 99.5%;HYDROXYQUINOL;HYDROCHINONE;HYDROQUINONE;AKOS BBS-00004220;hydroquinone--1,4-benzenediol;Idrochinone;Melanex;hydroquinone;123-31-9;Benzene-1,4-diol;1,4-benzenediol;Quinol;1,4-Dihydroxybenzene;p-Benzenediol;p-Hydroquinone;p-Hydroxyphenol;4-Hydroxyphenol;p-Dihydroxybenzene;Benzoquinol;hydroquinol;Dihydroquinone;Eldoquin;p-Dioxybenzene;Solaquin forte;Eldopaque;Hydroquinole;Idrochinone;Tecquinol;Phiaquin;Benzohydroquinone;Hidroquinone;Arctuvin;Tequinol;Dihydroxybenzene;Eldopaque Forte;Eldoquin Forte;Derma-Blanch;Hydrochinon;Tenox HQ
;Diak 5;Benzene, p-dihydroxy-;Hydrochinone;1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol;Artra;Usaf ek-356;1,4-Diidrobenzene;p-Dioxobenzene;1,4-Dihydroxybenzen;para-Dioxybenzene;para-Hydroquinone;NCI-C55834;Black and White Bleaching Cream;1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen;para-Dihydroxybenzene;beta-quinol;HE 5;Pyrogentistic acid;Epiquin;Melanex;Sunvanish;Idrochinone [Italian];p-Dihydroquinone;alpha-hydroquinone;CHEBI:17594;NSC 9247;Hydrochinon [Czech, Polish];CCRIS 714;1,4-Dihydroxybenzen [Czech];1,4-Diidrobenzene [Italian];HSDB 577;DTXSID7020716;1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen [Dutch];1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol [German];AI3-00072;CHEMBL537;UNII-XV74C1N1AE;NSC-9247;EINECS 204-617-8;XV74C1N1AE;UN2662;Hydroquinone (USP);Hydroquinone [USP];MFCD00002339;HQ;DTXCID70716;NSC9247;EC 204-617-8;Hydroquinone [UN2662] [Poison];1,4-Dihydroxybenzene (ring-d4);TRI-LUMA COMPONENT HYDROQUINONE;NCGC00015523-02;HYDROQUINONE COMPONENT OF TRI-LUMA;HYDROQUINONE (IARC);HYDROQUINONE [IARC];para-Hydroxyphenol;Quinol; 1,4-Benzenediol; 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene;HYDROQUINONE (MART.);HYDROQUINONE [MART.];HYDROQUINONE (USP-RS);HYDROQUINONE [USP-RS];quinnone;Eldopacque;p-Phenylenediol;p Benzendiol;HYDROQUINONE (USP MONOGRAPH);HYDROQUINONE [USP MONOGRAPH];p-Quinol;1,4-Benzoquinol;CAS-123-31-9;SMR000059154;1,4-Hydroxybenzene;SR-01000075920;BUTYLHYDROXYANISOLE IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY);BUTYLHYDROXYANISOLE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY];4-DIHYDROXYBENZENE;hydroquinon;BQ(H)

Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) interferes with the production of the pigment melanin by epidermal melanocytes through at least two mechanisms: it competitively inhibits tyrosinase, one of the principal enzymes responsible for converting tyrosine to melanin, and it selectively damages melanocytes and melanosomes (the organelles within which melanin is stored).
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used to lighten the dark patches of skin (also called hyperpigmentation, melasma, "liver spots," "age spots," freckles) caused by pregnancy, birth control pills, hormone medicine, or injury to the skin.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) works by blocking the process in the skin that leads to discoloration.
Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a white granular solid.
Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones.
The name "Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol)" was coined by Friedrich Wöhler in 1843.
In 2021, Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) was the 282nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800,000 prescriptions.

Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 172-175 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 285 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.32
Vapor density: 3.81 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 132 °C)
Refractive index: 1.6320
Fp: 165 °C
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear
Pka: 10.35(at 20℃)
Form: Needle-Like Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Color: White to off-white
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: 70 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Air & Light Sensitive
Merck: 14,4808
BRN: 605970
Henry's Law Constant: (x 10-9 atm?m3/mol): <2.07 at 20 °C (approximate - calculated from water solubility and vapor pressure)
Exposure limits NIOSH REL: 15-min ceiling 2, IDLH 50; OSHA PEL: TWA 2; ACGIH TLV: TWA 2 (adopted).
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, oxygen, ferric salts. Light and air-sensitive. Discolours in air.
InChIKey: QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.59 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 123-31-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) (123-31-9)
IARC: 3 (Vol. 15, Sup 7, 71) 1999
EPA Substance Registry System: Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) (123-31-9)

Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol), a colorless, hexagonal prism, has been reported to be a good antimitotic and tumor-inhibiting agent.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a reducing agent used in a photographic developer, which polymerizes in the presence of oxidizing agents.
In the manufacturing industry Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) may occur include bacteriostatic agent, drug, fur processing, motor fuel, paint, organic chemicals, plastics, stone coating, and styrene monomers.

Uses
Reducing agent prevents polymerization of resin monomers lightens darkened skin, light sensitive.
Use as photographic reducer and developer; as reagent in the determination of small quantities of phosphate; as antioxidant.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a pigment-lightening agent used in bleaching creams.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) combines with oxygen very rapidly and becomes brown when exposed to air.
Although Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) occurs naturally, the synthetic version is the one commonly used in cosmetics.
Application to the skin may cause allergic reaction and increase skin sun sensitivity.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is potentially carcinogenic and is associated with causing ochronosis, a discoloration of the skin.
The u.S. FDA has banned hydroquinone from oTC cosmetic formulations, but allows 4 percent in prescription products.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol)'s use in cosmetics is prohibited in some european countries and in Australia.
Photographic reducer and developer; antioxidant; stabilizing agent for some polymers; intermediate in the manufacturing of some dyes and pigments; in cosmetic formulations.

Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver.
There are various other uses associated with its reducing power.
As a polymerisation inhibitor, exploiting its antioxidant properties, Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers that are susceptible to radical-initiated polymerization.
By acting as a free radical scavenger, hydroquinone serves to prolong the shelflife of light-sensitive resins such as preceramic polymers.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) can lose a hydrogen cation from both hydroxyl groups to form a diphenolate ion.
The disodium diphenolate salt of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK.

Skin depigmentation
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the color of skin.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) does not have the same predisposition to cause dermatitis as metol does.
In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked its previous approval of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) and proposed a ban on all over-the-counter preparations.
The FDA officially banned hydroquinone in 2020 as part of a larger reform of the over-the-counter drug review process.
The FDA stated that Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) cannot be ruled out as a potential carcinogen.
This conclusion was reached based on the extent of absorption in humans and the incidence of neoplasms in rats in several studies where adult rats were found to have increased rates of tumours, including thyroid follicular cell hyperplasias, anisokaryosis (variation in nuclei sizes), mononuclear cell leukemia, hepatocellular adenomas and renal tubule cell adenomas.
The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics has also highlighted concerns.

Numerous studies have revealed that Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol), if taken orally, can cause exogenous ochronosis, a disfiguring disease in which blue-black pigments are deposited onto the skin; however, skin preparations containing the ingredient are administered topically.
The FDA had classified Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) in 1982 as a safe product - generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE), however additional studies under the National Toxicology Program (NTP) were suggested in order to determine whether there is a risk to humans from the use of hydroquinone.
NTP evaluation showed some evidence of long-term carcinogenic and genotoxic effects.

While Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) remains widely prescribed for treatment of hyperpigmentation, questions raised about its safety profile by regulatory agencies in the EU, Japan, and USA encourage the search for other agents with comparable efficacy.
Several such agents are already available or under research, including azelaic acid, kojic acid, retinoids, cysteamine, topical steroids, glycolic acid, and other substances.
One of these, 4-butylresorcinol, has been proved to be more effective at treating melanin-related skin disorders by a wide margin, as well as safe enough to be made available over the counter.

Clinical Use
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is applied topically to treat disorders characterized by excessive melanin in the epidermis, such as melasma.
In the United States, nonprescription skin-lightening products contain Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) at concentrations of 2% or less; higher concentrations are available by prescription.

Production Methods
There are three current manufacturing processes for HQ: oxidative cleavage of diisopropylbenzene, oxidation of aniline, and hydroxylation of phenol.
Diisopropylbenzene is air oxidized to the intermediate diisopropylbenzene bishydroperoxide.
This Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol)hydroperoxide is purified by extraction and reacted further to form hydroquinone.
The purified product is isolated by filtration and packaged.
The process can be almost entirely closed, continuous, computer-controlled, and monitored.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) can also be prepared by oxidizing aniline to quinone in the presence of manganese dioxide and sulfuric acid.
p-Benzoquinone is then reduced to HQ using iron oxide.
The resulting hydroquinone is crystallized and dried.
The process occurs in a closed system.
HQis also manufactured by hydroxylation of phenol using hydrogen peroxide as a hydroxylation agent.
The reaction is catalyzed by strong mineral acids or ferrous or cobalt salts.

Manufacturing Process
Into a pressure reactor there was charged 100 ml of methanol and 1 g of diruthenium nonacarbonyl.
The reactor was closed, cooled in solid carbon dioxide/acetone, and evacuated.
Acetylene, to the extent of 1 mol (26 g), was metered into the cold reactor.
Carbon monoxide was then pressured into this vessel at 835-980 atmospheres, during a period of 16.5 hours; while the reactor was maintained at 100°C to 150°C.
The reactor was then cooled to room temperature and opened.
The reaction mixture was removed from the vessel and distilled at a pressure of 30-60 mm, and a bath temperature of 30°C to 50°C until the methanol had all been removed.

The extremely viscous tarry residue remaining in the still pot was given a very crude distillation, the distillate boiling at 82°C to 132°C/2 mm.
In an attempt to purify this distillate by a more careful distillation, 5.3 g of a liquid distilling from 53°C to 150°C/5 mm was collected.
At this point, much solid sublimate was noted not only in this distillate but in the condenser of the still. 7 g of the solid sublimate was scraped out of the condenser of the still.
Recrystallization of the sublimate from ethyl acetate containing a small amount of petroleum ether gave beautiful crystals melting at 175°C to 177°C (5 g).
Infrared analysis confirmed that this compound was hydroquinone (9% conversion).

Reactivity Profile
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a slight explosion hazard when exposed to heat. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Also incompatible with bases.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) reacts with oxygen and sodium hydroxide.
Reacts with ferric salts.
Hot and/or concentrated NaOH can cause Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) to decompose exothermically at elevated temperature.
Exposures to Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) in large quantities by accidental oral ingestion produce toxicity and poisoning.

The symptoms of poisoning include, but are not limited to, blurred speech, tinnitus, tremors, sense of suffocation, vomiting, muscular twitching, headache, convul- sions, dyspnea and cyanosis from methemoglobinemia, coma, and collapse from respira- tory failure.
Occupational workers should be allowed to work with protective clothing and dust masks with full-face or goggles to protect the eyes, and under proper management.
Hydroquinone is very toxic; the probable oral lethal dose for humans is 50-500 mg/kg, or between 1 teaspoon and 1 ounce for a 150 lb. person.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is irritating but not corrosive.
Fatal human doses have ranged from 5-12 grams, but 300-500 mg have been ingested daily for 3-5 months without ill effects.
Death is apparently initiated by respiratory failure or anoxia.

Production
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is produced industrially in two main ways.
The most widely used route is similar to the cumene process in reaction mechanism and involves the dialkylation of benzene with propene to give 1,4-diisopropylbenzene.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) reacts with air to afford the bis(hydroperoxide), which is structurally similar to cumene hydroperoxide and rearranges in acid to give acetone and hydroquinone.
Other, less common methods include:

A potentially significant synthesis of hydroquinone from acetylene and iron pentacarbonyl has been proposed.
Iron pentacarbonyl serves as a catalyst, rather than as a reagent, in the presence of free carbon monoxide gas.
Rhodium or ruthenium can substitute for iron as the catalyst with favorable chemical yields but are not typically used due to their cost of recovery from the reaction mixture.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) and its derivatives can also be prepared by oxidation of various phenols, such as aniline and DIPB.
Examples include Elbs persulfate oxidation and Dakin oxidation.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) was first obtained in 1820 by the French chemists Pelletier and Caventou via the dry distillation of quinic acid.
Hydrolysis of chlorinated phenol, described as being used in China.
Note that methods such as hydrolysis of chlorinated phenol and oxidation of phenols are much more polluting methods than some others.

Reactions
The reactivity of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol)'s hydroxyl groups resembles that of other phenols, being weakly acidic.
The resulting conjugate base undergoes easy O-alkylation to give mono- and diethers.
Similarly, Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is highly susceptible to ring substitution by Friedel–Crafts reactions such as alkylation.
This reaction is exploited en route to popular antioxidants such as 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA).
The useful dye quinizarin is produced by diacylation of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) with phthalic anhydride.

Redox
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) undergoes oxidation under mild conditions to give benzoquinone.
This process can be reversed.
Some naturally occurring hydroquinone derivatives exhibit this sort of reactivity, one example being coenzyme Q.
Industrially this reaction is exploited both with Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) itself but more often with its derivatives where one OH has been replaced by an amine.
When colorless Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) and benzoquinone, a bright yellow solid, are cocrystallized in a 1:1 ratio, a dark-green crystalline charge-transfer complex (melting point 171 °C) called quinhydrone (C6H6O2·C6H4O2) is formed.
This complex dissolves in hot water, where the two molecules dissociate in solution.

Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a Melanin Synthesis Inhibitor.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a benzenediol and a member of hydroquinones.


CAS Number: 123-31-9
EC Number: 204-617-8
MDL number: MFCD00002339
Molecular Formula: C6H6O2 / C6H4-1,4-(OH)2 / C6H4(OH)2



Hydroquinone, Idrochinone, Quinol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, p-dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-Hydroxy benzene, 1,4-Benzenediol, HQ, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, Hydroquinone, Quinol, P-Hydroquinone, Hydrochinon, Dihydroquinone, Hydroquinol, Benzoquinol, Hydrochinone, Hidroquinone, Hidroquin, Idrochinone, Para-Hydroquinone, Hydroquinole, Hidroquilaude, 1, 4-Dihydroxy-Benzeen, 1, 4-Diidrobenzene, Pyrogentistic Acid, Hydroquinoue, Ccris 714, Diak 5, 1,4-Benzenediol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, 4-Hydroxyphenol, Benzene-1,4-diol, Eldoquin, Hydroquinone, hydroquinone, p-Benzenediol, p-Hydroquinone, p-hydroxyphenol, Quinol, 1,4-benzenediol, benzene-1,4-diol, p-dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, hydroquinol, p-hydroquinone, hydroquinone, 123-31-9, Benzene-1,4-diol, 1,4-benzenediol, Quinol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, p-Benzenediol, p-Hydroquinone, p-Hydroxyphenol, 4-Hydroxyphenol, p-Dihydroxybenzene, Benzoquinol, hydroquinol, Dihydroquinone, Eldoquin, p-Dioxybenzene, Solaquin forte, Eldopaque, Hydroquinole, Idrochinone, Tecquinol, Phiaquin, Benzohydroquinone, Hidroquinone, Arctuvin, Tequinol, Dihydroxybenzene, Eldopaque Forte, Eldoquin Forte, Hydrochinon, Tenox HQ, Diak 5, Benzene, p-dihydroxy-, Hydrochinone, 1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol, Artra, Usaf ek-356, 1,4-Diidrobenzene, p-Dioxobenzene, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzen, para-Dioxybenzene, para-Hydroquinone, NCI-C55834, para-Dihydroxybenzene, beta-quinol, HE 5, Pyrogentistic acid, Epiquin, Melanex, Sunvanish, p-Dihydroquinone, alpha-hydroquinone, CHEBI:17594, NSC 9247, HSDB 577, DTXSID7020716, AI3-00072, CHEMBL537, UNII-XV74C1N1AE, NSC-9247, EINECS 204-617-8, XV74C1N1AE, UN2662, Hydroquinone (USP), Hydroquinone [USP], MFCD00002339, HQ, DTXCID70716, NSC9247, EC 204-617-8, Hydroquinone, TRI-LUMA COMPONENT HYDROQUINONE, NCGC00015523-02, quinnone, Eldopacque, p-Phenylenediol, p Benzendiol, p-Quinol, 1,4-Benzoquinol, CAS-123-31-9, SMR000059154, 1,4-Hydroxybenzene, SR-01000075920, 4-DIHYDROXYBENZENE, hydroquinon, BQ(H), Hydroquinoue, Balancer, MedisilkeNight, Supermax, hydroq uinone, hydroquinone gr, MiracleFade, Reduced quinone, a-Hydroquinone, Hydroquinone gel, Idole Carrot, Movate Carrot, Movate Lemon, p-Hydroxybenzene, Scarlight Md, b-Quinol, Caro Light, Hot Movate, Idole Black, 4-Benzenediol, Hydroquinone 4%, 1,4 benzenediol, Clarite 4, Hydro-Q, Obagi-C, Active 4, Hydroquinone,(S), p-dihydroxy benzene, PLQ, HQLA, HYDROP, 4-hydroxyphenyl alcohol, Spectrum_001757, Lopac-H-9003, HYDROQUINONE 8%., WLN: QR DQ, bmse000293, Sh18, Lopac0_000577, SCHEMBL15516, BSPBio_002291, KBioGR_001246, KBioSS_002237, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, XIII, MLS000069815, MLS001074911, HYDROQUINONE [WHO-DD], Hydroquinone, LR, >=99%, SPECTRUM1504237, s4580, AKOS000119003, Tox21_110169_1, AM10548, DB09526, LP00577, NSC-758707, RP10102, SDCCGSBI-0050559.P003, UN 2662, BP-21160, EU-0100577, FT-0606877, EN300-18053, C00530, D00073, H 9003, AB00053361_08, Q419164, J-004910,
J-521469, SR-01000075920-1, SR-01000075920-4, Q27102742, Z57127551, F1908-0167, Benzene-1,4-diol, Hydroquinone, Idrochinone, Quinol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene,
p-dihydroxybenzene, p-hydroxyphenol, 1,4-Hydroxy benzene, Calcium Dobesilate Monohydrate Imp. A (EP), Dobesilate Imp. A (EP), Hydroquinone, 1,4-Benzoquinol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-Phenylenediol, 1,4-p-Benzenediol, 4-Hydroxyphenol, Aida, Arctuvin, BQ(H), Benzohydroquinone, Benzoquinol, Black & White Bleaching Cream, Diak 5, Dihydroquinone, Eldopacque, Eldopaque, Eldopaque Forte, Eldoquin, Eldoquin Forte, HE 5, Hydroquinol, NSC 9247, Phiaquin, Quinol, Solaquin Forte, Solution Q, Tecquinol, Tenox HQ, p-Benzenediol, p-Dihydroquinone, p-Dihydroxybenzene, p-Dioxybenzene, p-Hydroquinone, p-Hydroxyphenol, p-Phenylenediol, p-Quin, Calcium Dobesilate Monohydrate Impurity A, Etamsylate Impurity A, Calcium Dobesilate Impurity A, 1,4-Benzenediol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, 4-Hydroxyphenol, Benzene-1,4-diol, Eldoquin, p-Benzenediol, p-Hydroquinone, p-Hydroxyphenol, Quinol, Artra, Eldopaque, Esoterica, Hidroquilaude, Hidroquin, Hidroquinona isdin, Licostrata, Lustra, Melanasa, Melanex, Melpaque, Melquin, Neostrata HQ, Phiaquin, Solaquin, Ultraquin, beta-Quinol, Hydroquinone, copper (1+) salt, Hydroquinone, lead (2+) salt (2:1), Hydroquinone, monocopper (2+) salt, 1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen, 1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol,
1,4-Dihydroxybenzen, 1,4-Diidrobenzene, a-Hydroquinone, alpha-Hydroquinone, b-Quinol, Benzohydroquinone, Benzoquinol, Dihydroquinone, Dihydroxybenzene, Hydrochinon, Hydrochinone, Hydroquinol, Hydroquinole, Hydroquinone for synthesis, Hydroquinone GR, Hydroquinoue, Idrochinone, p-Dihydroxybenzene, P-Dioxobenzene, p-Dioxybenzene, P-Hydroxybenzene, Solaquin forte, Eldoquin forte, Stratus brand 1 OF hydroquinone, ICN brand 1 OF hydroquinone,
Plough brand 2 OF hydroquinone, Eldopaque forte, ICN brand 4 OF hydroquinone, Black and white, ICN brand 2 OF hydroquinone, ICN brand 3 OF hydroquinone,
Plough brand 1 OF hydroquinone, Stratus brand 2 OF hydroquinone, 1,4-Benzoquinol, 1,4-Phenylenediol, 1,4-p-Benzenediol, p-Dihydroquinone, p-Phenylenediol, p-Quinol, hydroquinone, 1,4-benzenediol, quinol, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, p-benzenediol, 4-hydroxyphenol, p-hydroquinone, p-hydroxyphenol, p-dihydroxybenzene, benzoquinol, ?-Hydroquinone, ?-Quinol, P-Hydroquinone, Hydrochinon, Dihydroquinone, Hydroquinol, Benzoquinol, Hydrochinone, Hidroquinone, Hidroquin, Idrochinone, Para-Hydroquinone, Hydroquinole, Hidroquilaude, 1, 4-Dihydroxy-Benzeen, 1, 4-Diidrobenzene, Pyrogentistic Acid, Hydroquinoue, Ccris 714, Diak 5, 1,4-Benzene-2,3,5,6-d4-diol-d2, 1,2,4,5-Tetradeuterio-3,6-dideuteriooxybenzene, 1,4-Hydroquinone-d6, Hydroquinone-d6, Perdeuteriohydroquinone, 1,4-Benzenediol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-p-Benzenediol, 1,4-Phenylenediol, 4-Hydroxyphenol, Benzene-1,4-diol, 1,4-Benzenediol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, 4-Hydroxyphenol, benzene-1,4-diol, Benzene-1,4-diol, Eldoquin, hydroquinone, Hydroquinone, p-Benzenediol, p-Hydroquinone, p-hydroxyphenol, Quinol



Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) appears as light colored crystals or solutions.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a benzenediol comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents para to each other.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) has a role as a cofactor, a carcinogenic agent, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a skin lightening agent, an antioxidant and a mouse metabolite.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a benzenediol and a member of hydroquinones.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a Melanin Synthesis Inhibitor.


The mechanism of action of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is as a Melanin Synthesis Inhibitor.
The physiologic effect of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is by means of Depigmenting Activity.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a natural product found in Spiranthes vernalis, Phomopsis velata, and other organisms with data available.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is an aromatic organic compound which is a type of phenol.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is commonly used as a biomarker for benzene exposure.
The presence of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) in normal individuals stems mainly from direct dietary ingestion, catabolism of tyrosine and other substrates by gut bacteria, ingestion of arbutin containing foods, cigarette smoking, and the use of some over-the-counter medicines.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a white granular solid.


Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol).
The name "Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol)" was coined by Friedrich Wöhler in 1843.
In 2021, Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) was the 282nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800,000 prescriptions.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is thought to be the active toxin in Agaricus hondensis mushrooms.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) has been shown to be one of the chemical constituents of the natural product propolis.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is gathered from the beaver's castor sacs.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroquinone.
Hydroquinones (benzene-1,4-diol) are compounds containing a hydroquinone moiety, which consists of a benzene ring with a hydroxyl groups at positions 1 and 4.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is an aromatic organic compound which is a type of phenol, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol)'s chemical structure has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a white granular solid at room temperature and pressure.


The hydroxyl groups of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) are quite weakly acidic.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) can lose an H+ from one of the hydroxyls to form a monophenolate ion or lose an H+ from both to form a diphenolate ion.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent which is soluble in water.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a major component of most photographic developers where, with the compound Metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol), also known quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used route is similar to the cumene process in reaction mechanism and involves the dialkylation of benzene with propene to give 1,4-diisopropylbenzene.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) reacts with air to afford the bis(hydroperoxide), which is structurally similar to cumene hydroperoxide and rearranges in acid to give acetone and hydroquinone.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) appears as a white to white-grayish powder.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is an aromatic organic compound which is a type of phenol, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol)'s chemical structure, shown in the table at right, has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a white granular solid at room temperature and pressure.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is an aromatic organic compound with a chemical formula C6H6O2.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) has two hydroxyl groups binding to a benzene ring in the para position.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a melanin synthesis Inhibitor.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is also known as benzene-1, 4-diol or Quinol.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a derivative of phenol and has antioxidant properties.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) appears as a granular solid white in colour.
The name Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) was coined in the year 1843 by Friedrich Wohler.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent which is soluble in water.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a major component in most photographic developers where, with the compound Metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver.


In human medicine, Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the color of skin as it does not have the same predisposition to cause dermatitis as Metol does.
The disodium diphenolate salt of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK.


As a polymerization inhibitor, Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, etc.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is also used as a raw material of herbicides, rubber antioxidants and dye stuffs.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a topical lightening product found in OTC products, and is used to correct skin discoloration associated with disorders of hyperpigmentation including melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmention, sunspots, and freckles.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) can be used alone, but is more frequently found in combination with other agents such as alpha-hydroxy acids, corticosteroids, retinoids, or sunscreen.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used as a developing agent in photography and as an antioxidant in rubber and food.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is produced as an inhibitor, an antioxidant, and an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, motor fuels, and oils; in photographic processing; and naturally in certain plant species,
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used as a topical treatment for skin hyperpigmentation and in various cosmetic products.


In human medicine, Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the color of skin.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver.


There are various other uses associated with Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol)'s reducing power.
As a polymerisation inhibitor, exploiting its antioxidant properties, Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers that are susceptible to radical-initiated polymerization.


By acting as a free radical scavenger, Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) serves to prolong the shelflife of light-sensitive resins such as preceramic polymers.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) can lose a hydrogen cation from both hydroxyl groups to form a diphenolate ion.


The disodium diphenolate salt of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is usually associated with use in skin lighteners.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is commonly used as a biomarker for benzene exposure.


The presence of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) in normal individuals stems mainly from direct dietary ingestion, catabolism of tyrosine and other substrates by gut bacteria, ingestion of arbutin-containing foods, cigarette smoking, and the use of some over-the-counter medicines.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) works by decreasing the production of melanin pigments in the skin.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used as a reducing agent.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used to treat melasma.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used in the prevention of methyl methacrylate.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used in skin whitening.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used for benzene exposure as a biomarker.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used by photographic developers.


Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used in the treatment of acne scars.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used in various cosmetic products.



PRODUCTION OF HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is produced industrially in two main ways.
The most widely used route is similar to the cumene process in reaction mechanism and involves the dialkylation of benzene with propene to give 1,4-diisopropylbenzene.

This compound reacts with air to afford the bis(hydroperoxide), which is structurally similar to cumene hydroperoxide and rearranges in acid to give acetone and Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol).

A second route involves hydroxylation of phenol over a catalyst.
The conversion uses hydrogen peroxide and affords a mixture of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol)and its ortho isomer catechol (benzene-1,2-diol):
C6H5OH+H2O2⟶C6H4(OH)2+H2O



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
*1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids
*Benzene and substituted derivatives
*Organooxygen compounds
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
*Hydroquinone
*1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
*Monocyclic benzene moiety
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



THE MOST WIDELY USED INDUSTRIAL METHODS OF PRODUCING, HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
Hydroquinones (benzene-1,4-diol) are hydroxylation of phenol and cumene process.
Other less common methods are oxidation of various phenols, oxidation of aniline by manganese dioxide, and the dry distillation of quinic acid or from acetylene and iron pentacarbonyl.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is widely used for benzene exposure as a biomarker.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) naturally occurs in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles.



NATURAL OCCURRENCES OF HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
Hydroquinones (benzene-1,4-diol) are one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide (and perhaps other chemicals, depending on the species), which collect in a reservoir.

The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber.
This chamber is lined with cells that secrete catalases and peroxidases.

When the contents of the reservoir are forced into the reaction chamber, the catalases and peroxidases rapidly break down the hydrogen peroxide and catalyze the oxidation of the Hydroquinones (benzene-1,4-diol) into p-quinones.
These reactions release free oxygen and generate enough heat to bring the mixture to the boiling point and vaporize about a fifth of it, producing a hot spray from the beetle's abdomen.



OTHER, LESS COMMON METHODS INCLUDE:
A potentially significant synthesis of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) from acetylene and iron pentacarbonyl has been proposed
Iron pentacarbonyl serves as a catalyst, rather than as a reagent, in the presence of free carbon monoxide gas.

Rhodium or ruthenium can substitute for iron as the catalyst with favorable chemical yields but are not typically used due to their cost of recovery from the reaction mixture.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) and its derivatives can also be prepared by oxidation of various phenols, such as aniline and DIPB.
Examples include Elbs persulfate oxidation and Dakin oxidation.

Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) was first obtained in 1820 by the French chemists Pelletier and Caventou via the dry distillation of quinic acid.
Hydrolysis of chlorinated phenol, described as being used in China.
Note that methods such as hydrolysis of chlorinated phenol and oxidation of phenols are much more polluting methods than some others.



REACTIONS OF HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
The reactivity of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol)'s hydroxyl groups resembles that of other phenols, being weakly acidic.
The resulting conjugate base undergoes easy O-alkylation to give mono- and diethers.

Similarly, Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is highly susceptible to ring substitution by Friedel–Crafts reactions such as alkylation.
This reaction is exploited en route to popular antioxidants such as 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA).
The useful dye quinizarin is produced by diacylation of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) with phthalic anhydride.



REDOX OF HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) undergoes oxidation under mild conditions to give benzoquinone.
This process can be reversed.

Some naturally occurring Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) derivatives exhibit this sort of reactivity, one example being coenzyme Q.
Industrially this reaction is exploited both with Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) itself but more often with its derivatives where one OH has been replaced by an amine.

When colorless Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) and benzoquinone, a bright yellow solid, are cocrystallized in a 1:1 ratio, a dark-green crystalline charge-transfer complex (melting point 171 °C) called quinhydrone (C6H6O2·C6H4O2) is formed.
This complex dissolves in hot water, where the two molecules dissociate in solution.



AMINATION OF HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
An important reaction is the conversion of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) to the mono- and diamine derivatives. Methylaminophenol, used in photography, is produced in this way:
C6H4(OH)2+CH3NH2methylamine⟶HOC6H4NHCH3+H2O
Diamines, useful in the rubber industry as antiozone agents, are similarly produced from aniline:
C6H4(OH)2+2C6H5NH2aniline⟶C6H4(N(H)C6H5)2+2H2O



SKIN DEPIGMENTATION OF HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is used as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the color of skin.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) does not have the same predisposition to cause dermatitis as metol does.
This is a prescription-only ingredient in some countries, including the member states of the European Union under Directives 76/768/EEC:1976.



NATURAL OCCURRENCES OF HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
Hydroquinones (benzene-1,4-diol) are one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide (and perhaps other compounds, depending on the species), which collect in a reservoir.

The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber.
This chamber is lined with cells that secrete catalases and peroxidases.
When the contents of the reservoir are forced into the reaction chamber, the catalases and peroxidases rapidly break down the hydrogen peroxide and catalyze the oxidation of the Hydroquinones (benzene-1,4-diol) into p-quinones.

These reactions release free oxygen and generate enough heat to bring the mixture to the boiling point and vaporize about a fifth of it, producing a hot spray from the beetle's abdomen.



NOMENCLATURE OF HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) is the name recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in its 1993 Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry.



PROPERTIES OF HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) can undergo mild oxidation to convert to the compound parabenzoquinone, C6H4O2, often called p-quinone or simply quinone.
Reduction of quinone reverses this reaction back to Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol).

Some biochemical compounds in nature have this sort of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) or quinone section in their structures, such as Coenzyme Q, and can undergo similar redox interconversions.
The hydroxyl groups of Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) are quite weakly acidic.
Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) can lose an H+ from one of the hydroxyls to form a monophenolate ion or lose an H+ from both to form a diphenolate ion.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
Molecular Weight: 110.11
Appearance Form: crystalline
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: 3,7 at 70 g/l
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 172 - 175 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 285 °C - lit.
Flash point: 165 °C at ca.1.013 hPa
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa at 132 °C
Vapor density: 3,80 - (Air = 1.0)

Density: 1,332 g/cm3 at 15 °C
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility 72 g/l at 25 °C - completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water
log Pow: 0,59 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Autoignition temperature: 515,56 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 3,80 - (Air = 1.0)
Water Solubility: 95.5 g/L

logP: 0.71
logP: 1.37
logS: -0.06
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 9.68
pKa (Strongest Basic): -5.9
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 2
Polar Surface Area: 40.46 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Refractivity: 30.02 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 10.75 ų
Number of Rings: 1
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No

Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No
IUPAC Name: benzene-1,4-diol
Traditional IUPAC Name: α-hydroquinone
Formula: C6H6O2
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8H
InChI Key: QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular weight: 110.1106
Exact mass: 110.036779436
SMILES: OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1
Chemical Formula: C6H6O2
Average Molecular Weight: 110.1106
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 110.036779436
IUPAC Name: benzene-1,4-diol
Traditional Name: α-hydroquinone

CAS Registry Number: 123-31-9
SMILES: OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8H
InChI Key: QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Melting Point: 170.0°C to 174.0°C
Color: White
Density: 1.32
Boiling Point: 285.0°C to 287.0°C
Flash Point: 165°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 98.5% min. (HPLC)
Beilstein: 06, 836

Fieser: 05,341; 14,249
Merck Index: 15, 4845
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 70g/L in water (20°C).
Other solubilities: soluble in alcohol and ether,slightly soluble in benzene,
readily soluble in ethanol,acetone and methanol
Formula Weight: 110.11
Percent Purity: 99%
Physical Form: Needle-like Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Hydroquinone, 99%
C6H6O2: Hydroquinone
Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass: 110.11 g/mol
Density: 1.3 g cm−3
Boiling Point: 287 °C
Melting Point: 172 °C



FIRST AID MEASURES of HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use safety goggles.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Use protective clothing.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
*Hygiene measures:
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HYDROQUINONE (BENZENE-1,4-DIOL):
-Chemical stability
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

DESCRIPTION:
Hydroquinone (quinol), also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.
Hydroquinone (quinol) has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is a white granular solid. Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones.
The name "hydroquinone" was coined by Friedrich Wöhler in 1843.

CAS Number: 123-31-9
EC Number: 204-617-8
IUPAC Name: benzene-1,4-diol
Molecular Formula: C6H6O2


Hydroquinone (quinol) is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, which is a kind of phenol and also a derivative of benzene.
Hydroquinone (quinol) contains two hydroxyl groups bonded in a para position to the benzene ring.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is a granular white solid.

This parent compound’s substituted derivatives are also known as hydroquinones.
Friedrich Wöhler coined the term “hydroquinone” in 1843.


Hydroquinone (quinol) appears as light colored crystals or solutions.
May irritate the skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
Mildly toxic by ingestion or skin absorption.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is a benzenediol comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents para to each other.
Hydroquinone (quinol) has a role as a cofactor, a carcinogenic agent, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a skin lightening agent, an antioxidant and a mouse metabolite.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is a benzenediol and a member of hydroquinones.

Hydroquinone (quinol) is a topical lightening product found in OTC products, and is used to correct skin discoloration associated with disorders of hyperpigmentation including melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmention, sunspots, and freckles.
Hydroquinone (quinol) can be used alone, but is more frequently found in combination with other agents such as alpha-hydroxy acids, corticosteroids, retinoids, or sunscreen.

Hydroquinone (quinol) has come under scrutiny due to several complications associated with its use, including dermal irritation, exogenous onchronosis, and carginogenicity.
As a result of these concerns, Hydroquinone (quinol) has been banned in the EU and UK.







PRODUCTION OF HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
Hydroquinone (quinol) is produced industrially in two main ways.
The most widely used route is similar to the cumene process in reaction mechanism and involves the dialkylation of benzene with propene to give 1,4-diisopropylbenzene.
Hydroquinone (quinol) reacts with air to afford the bis(hydroperoxide), which is structurally similar to cumene hydroperoxide and rearranges in acid to give acetone and hydroquinone.


A second route involves hydroxylation of phenol over a catalyst.
The conversion uses hydrogen peroxide and affords a mixture of hydroquinone and its ortho isomer catechol (benzene-1,2-diol):
C6H5OH+H2O2⟶C6H4(OH)2+H2O


Other, less common methods include:
A potentially significant synthesis of hydroquinone from acetylene and iron pentacarbonyl has been proposed
Iron pentacarbonyl serves as a catalyst, rather than as a reagent, in the presence of free carbon monoxide gas.
Rhodium or ruthenium can substitute for iron as the catalyst with favorable chemical yields but are not typically used due to their cost of recovery from the reaction mixture.


Hydroquinone (quinol) and its derivatives can also be prepared by oxidation of various phenols, such as aniline and DIPB.
Examples include Elbs persulfate oxidation and Dakin oxidation.
Hydroquinone (quinol) was first obtained in 1820 by the French chemists Pelletier and Caventou via the dry distillation of quinic acid.

Hydrolysis of chlorinated phenol, described as being used in China.
Note that methods such as hydrolysis of chlorinated phenol and oxidation of phenols are much more polluting methods than some others.

Industrial production of hydroquinone usually happens in two ways.
The most commonly used technique is identical to the cumene process in the reaction mechanism and, it includes the dialkylation of benzene with propene to produce 1,4-diisopropyl benzene.
The compound reacts with air to form bishydroperoxide, which has a similar structure compared to cumene hydroperoxide and, it rearranges in acid to form acetone and hydroquinone.


The second method includes the hydroxylation of phenol over a catalyst.
The conversion process uses hydrogen peroxide and provides a combination of hydroquinone and catechol (benzene-1,2-diol):
C6H5OH+H2O2⟶C6H4(OH)2+H2O


Some other methods for producing hydroquinone are:
Oxidation of various phenols can also produce hydroquinone and its derivatives.
Examples of such method are Elbs persulfate oxidation and Dakin oxidation.
French chemists Pelletier and Caventou first obtained hydroquinone in 1820 through the dry distillation process of quinic acid.





REACTIONS OF HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
The reactivity of hydroquinone's hydroxyl groups resembles that of other phenols, being weakly acidic.
The resulting conjugate base undergoes easy O-alkylation to give mono- and diethers.
Similarly, hydroquinone is highly susceptible to ring substitution by Friedel–Crafts reactions such as alkylation.


This reaction is exploited en route to popular antioxidants such as 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA).
The useful dye quinizarin is produced by diacylation of hydroquinone with phthalic anhydride.


Redox:
Hydroquinone undergoes oxidation under mild conditions to give benzoquinone.
This process can be reversed.
Some naturally occurring hydroquinone derivatives exhibit this sort of reactivity, one example being coenzyme Q.

Industrially this reaction is exploited both with hydroquinone itself but more often with its derivatives where one OH has been replaced by an amine.
When colorless hydroquinone and benzoquinone, a bright yellow solid, are cocrystallized in a 1:1 ratio, a dark-green crystalline charge-transfer complex (melting point 171 °C) called quinhydrone (C6H6O2•C6H4O2) is formed.
This complex dissolves in hot water, where the two molecules dissociate in solution.

Amination:
An important reaction is the conversion of hydroquinone to the mono- and diamine derivatives.
Methylaminophenol, used in photography, is produced in this way:
C6H4(OH)2+CH3NH2methylamine⟶HOC6H4NHCH3+H2O

Diamines, useful in the rubber industry as antiozone agents, are similarly produced from aniline:
C6H4(OH)2+2C6H5NH2aniline⟶C6H4(N(H)C6H5)2+2H2O

USES OF HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
Hydroquinone (quinol) has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver.
There are various other uses associated with its reducing power.

As a polymerisation inhibitor, exploiting its antioxidant properties, hydroquinone prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers that are susceptible to radical-initiated polymerization.
By acting as a free radical scavenger, hydroquinone serves to prolong the shelflife of light-sensitive resins such as preceramic polymers.
Hydroquinone can lose a hydrogen cation from both hydroxyl groups to form a diphenolate ion.

The disodium diphenolate salt of hydroquinone is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK.


Skin depigmentation:
Hydroquinone (quinol) is used as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the color of skin.
Hydroquinone (quinol) does not have the same predisposition to cause dermatitis as metol does.
This is a prescription-only ingredient in some countries, including the member states of the European Union under Directives 76/768/EEC:1976.


In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked its previous approval of hydroquinone and proposed a ban on all over-the-counter preparations.
The FDA officially banned hydroquinone in 2020 as part of a larger reform of the over-the-counter drug review process.
The FDA stated that hydroquinone cannot be ruled out as a potential carcinogen.

This conclusion was reached based on the extent of absorption in humans and the incidence of neoplasms in rats in several studies where adult rats were found to have increased rates of tumours, including thyroid follicular cell hyperplasias, anisokaryosis (variation in nuclei sizes), mononuclear cell leukemia, hepatocellular adenomas and renal tubule cell adenomas.
The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics has also highlighted concerns.


Numerous studies have revealed that hydroquinone, if taken orally, can cause exogenous ochronosis, a disfiguring disease in which blue-black pigments are deposited onto the skin; however, skin preparations containing the ingredient are administered topically.
The FDA had classified hydroquinone in 1982 as a safe product - generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE), however additional studies under the National Toxicology Program (NTP) were suggested in order to determine whether there is a risk to humans from the use of hydroquinone.


NTP evaluation showed some evidence of long-term carcinogenic and genotoxic effects
While hydroquinone remains widely prescribed for treatment of hyperpigmentation, questions raised about its safety profile by regulatory agencies in the EU, Japan, and USA encourage the search for other agents with comparable efficacy.
Several such agents are already available or under research, including azelaic acid, kojic acid, retinoids, cysteamine, topical steroids, glycolic acid, and other substances.

One of these, 4-butylresorcinol, has been proved to be more effective at treating melanin-related skin disorders by a wide margin, as well as safe enough to be made available over the counter.

The uses of hydroquinone are:
Hydroquinone is used As a reducing agent.
Hydroquinone is used For the preventive measures of methyl methacrylate.
Hydroquinone is used In skin whitening.


Hydroquinone is used Helpful as a biomarker for benzene exposure.
Hydroquinone is used By photographic developers
Hydroquinone is used In the treatment of acne scars
Hydroquinone is used In various cosmetic products


APPLICATIONS OF HYDROQUINONE
Hydroquinone has several applications, which are primarily associated with its function as a reducing agent that is soluble in water. It is a major component of most black and white photographers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it transforms silver halides into elemental silver.
There are several other applications for its reducing power. As a polymerization barrier, hydroquinone inhibits the polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers vulnerable to radical-initiated polymerization by using its antioxidant properties.
By serving as a free-radical scavenger, hydroquinone helps in improving the shelflife of light-sensitive resins such as preceramic polymers.
Hydroquinone can form a diphenolate ion by losing a hydrogen cation from both hydroxyl groups.







NATURAL OCCURRENCES OF HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
Hydroquinones are one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide (and perhaps other compounds, depending on the species), which collect in a reservoir.
The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber.
This chamber is lined with cells that secrete catalases and peroxidases. When the contents of the reservoir are forced into the reaction chamber, the catalases and peroxidases rapidly break down the hydrogen peroxide and catalyze the oxidation of the hydroquinones into p-quinones.

These reactions release free oxygen and generate enough heat to bring the mixture to the boiling point and vaporize about a fifth of it, producing a hot spray from the beetle's abdomen.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is thought to be the active toxin in Agaricus hondensis mushrooms.

Hydroquinone (quinol) has been shown to be one of the chemical constituents of the natural product propolis.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is gathered from the beaver's castor sacs.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product





QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
Q.1. How is hydroquinone used in hyperpigmentation treatment?
Answer. Hydroquinone is useful in lightening the dark areas of skin, also known as hyperpigmentation, melasma, “liver marks,” “ageing spots,” and freckles that occur due to pregnancy, birth control drugs, hormone therapy, or damage to the skin.
This drug works by suppressing the process in the skin that leads to discolouration.


Q.2. What is an appropriate alternative for hydroquinone?
Answer. Mequinol (4-Hydroxyanisole) is the most common prescription substitute for hydroquinone.
Methoxy phenol is also known as monomethyl ether with hydroquinone and p-hydroxyanisole.
Hydroquinone is equally as effective as hydroquinone.

Q.3. What are the side-effects of hydroquinone?
Answer. The most common side-effects of hydroquinone are mild burning, stinging, redness, and dryness may occur.
Unlikely but serious side effects that occur include blistering, skin cracking, blue-black darkening of the skin.
Rare side-effects that may occur include symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
Chemical formula, C6H6O2
Molar mass, 110.112 g•mol−1
Appearance, White solid
Density, 1.3 g cm−3, solid
Melting point, 172 °C (342 °F; 445 K)
Boiling point, 287 °C (549 °F; 560 K)
Solubility in water, 5.9 g/100 mL (15 °C)
Vapor pressure, 10−5 mmHg (20 °C)[2]
Acidity (pKa), 9.9[3]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ), −64.63×10−6 cm3/mol
Molecular Weight
110.11 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
XLogP3
0.6
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
2
Rotatable Bond Count
0
Exact Mass
110.036779430 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
110.036779430 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
40.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count
8
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
54.9
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes






SYNONYMS OF HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
1,4-benzenediol
1,4-dihydroxybenzene
Artra
beta-quinol
Eldopaque
Eldoquin
Esoterica
Hidroquilaude
Hidroquin
Hidroquinona Isdin
hydroquinone
hydroquinone, copper (1+) salt
hydroquinone, lead (2+) salt (2:1)
hydroquinone, monocopper (2+) salt
Licostrata
Lustra
Melanasa
Melanex
Melpaque
Melquin
Neostrata HQ
p-benzenediol
Phiaquin
Solaquin
Ultraquin
hydroquinone
Benzene-1,4-diol
123-31-9
1,4-benzenediol
Quinol
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
p-Benzenediol
p-Hydroquinone
p-Hydroxyphenol
4-Hydroxyphenol
p-Dihydroxybenzene
Benzoquinol
hydroquinol
Eldoquin
p-Dioxybenzene
Solaquin forte
Dihydroquinone
Eldopaque
Hydroquinole
Idrochinone
Tecquinol
Phiaquin
Benzohydroquinone
Hidroquinone
Arctuvin
Tequinol
Dihydroxybenzene
Eldopaque Forte
Eldoquin Forte
Derma-Blanch
Hydrochinon
Tenox HQ
Diak 5
Benzene, p-dihydroxy-
Hydrochinone
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol
Artra
Usaf ek-356
1,4-Diidrobenzene
p-Dioxobenzene
1,4-Dihydroxybenzen
para-Dioxybenzene
para-Hydroquinone
NCI-C55834
Black and White Bleaching Cream
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen
para-Dihydroxybenzene
beta-quinol
HE 5
Pyrogentistic acid
Epiquin
Melanex
Sunvanish
Idrochinone [Italian]
p-Dihydroquinone
alpha-hydroquinone
CHEBI:17594
NSC 9247
Hydrochinon [Czech, Polish]
CCRIS 714
1,4-Dihydroxybenzen [Czech]
1,4-Diidrobenzene [Italian]
HSDB 577
DTXSID7020716
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen [Dutch]
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol [German]
AI3-00072
CHEMBL537
UNII-XV74C1N1AE
NSC-9247
EINECS 204-617-8
XV74C1N1AE
UN2662
Hydroquinone (USP)
Hydroquinone [USP]
MFCD00002339
HQ
DTXCID70716
NSC9247
EC 204-617-8
Hydroquinone [UN2662] [Poison]
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene (ring-d4)
TRI-LUMA COMPONENT HYDROQUINONE
NCGC00015523-02
HYDROQUINONE COMPONENT OF TRI-LUMA
HYDROQUINONE (IARC)
HYDROQUINONE [IARC]
para-Hydroxyphenol
HYDROQUINONE (MART.)
HYDROQUINONE [MART.]
HYDROQUINONE (USP-RS)
HYDROQUINONE [USP-RS]
quinnone
Eldopacque
p-Phenylenediol
p Benzendiol
HYDROQUINONE (USP MONOGRAPH)
HYDROQUINONE [USP MONOGRAPH]
p-Quinol
1,4-Benzoquinol
CAS-123-31-9
SMR000059154
1,4-Hydroxybenzene
SR-01000075920
BUTYLHYDROXYANISOLE IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY)
BUTYLHYDROXYANISOLE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
4-DIHYDROXYBENZENE
hydroquinon
BQ(H)
Hydroquinoue
Balancer
MedisilkeNight
Supermax
hydroq uinone
hydroquinone gr
MiracleFade
Reduced quinone
a-Hydroquinone
Activator Light
Corrector Light
Skin Lightener
Black & White Bleaching Cream
Clear Action
Double White
Exence White
Hydroquinone gel
Idole Carrot
Movate Carrot
Movate Lemon
p-Hydroxybenzene
Scarlight Md
b-Quinol
Caro Light
Hot Movate
Idole Black
4-Benzenediol
Hydroquinone 4%
Hydroquinone cream
Nova Complex HQ
Hydroquinone, HQ
Light The Way
.beta.-Quinol
1,4 benzenediol
Clarite 4
Hydro-Q
Obagi-C
Seequin 2
Seequin 4
Active 4
Hydroquinone,(S)
p-dihydroxy benzene
PLQ
Artra (Salt/Mix)
HQLA
HYDROP
I-max Lightening 5
PIONA
.alpha.-Hydroquinone
Skin lightening Cream
African Formula Black
NeovaComplex HQ Plus
phenol derivative, 4
Skin Beautifying Milk
African Formula Carrot
Essential Fade Complex
Clear-N-Smooth PLUS
4-hydroxyphenyl alcohol
NU-DERM BLENDER
NU-DERM CLEAR
Skin Lightening Complex
Spectrum_001757
SYMBA Skin Lightening
4e3h
Image Md Lightening Rx
BRIGHTENLIGHTENING
HYDROQUINONE 6%
HYDROQUINONE 8%
SpecPlus_000769
1,4-Dihydrobenzoquinone
Clear-N-Smooth Ultimate
Clear-N-Smooth SuperMax
Clear-N-Smooth UltraMax
ELDOQUIN (TN)
EB5 Age Spot Treatment
Gold Cosmetics Adi Clear
hydroquinone for synthesis
Hydroquinone Time Release
Rejuvaderm Medispa Fading
Spectrum2_001672
Spectrum3_000656
Spectrum4_000633
Spectrum5_001430
HYDROQUINONE [MI]
Lopac-H-9003
HYDROQUINONE 8%.
WLN: QR DQ
bmse000293
Dark Spot Lightening Cream
Epitope ID:116206
Sh18
HYDROQUINONE [HSDB]
HYDROQUINONE [INCI]
Skin LighteningRodan Fields
PLUS Skin lightening Cream
Gold Cosmetics Bleach Cream
Vividly Brilliant Perfecting
HYDROQUINONE [VANDF]
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene Quinol
Lopac0_000577
SCHEMBL15516
BSPBio_002291
KBioGR_001246
KBioSS_002237
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, XIII
MLS000069815
MLS001074911
Pure Valley Miracle Age Spot
BIDD:ER0340
DivK1c_006865
HYDROQUINONE [WHO-DD]
Hydroquinone, LR, >=99%
SPECTRUM1504237
Clear-N-Smooth Super-Ultimate
Hydrochinon(CZECH, POLISH)
SPBio_001883
Precious Beauty Skin Lightening
Body Fade CremeMaximum Strength
PLEXADERM Dark Spot Fade Gel
ULTIMATE Skin lightening Cream
BDBM26190
Hydroquinone, puriss., 99.0%
KBio1_001809
KBio2_002237
KBio2_004805
KBio2_007373
KBio3_001511
Benzene-1,4-diol (Hydroquinone)
Gold Cosmetics Bleach Cream Forte
HQ Plus Brightening CreamVI Derm
HMS1922H15
HMS2093E08
HMS3261D16
HYDROQUINONE [ORANGE BOOK]
OLIVIA QUIDO BLEMISH ERASER
Pharmakon1600-01504237
Ageless Total Skin Bleaching Serum
DermisaSkin Fade Vitamin C infused
Gold Cosmetics Bleach Cream Silver
Divine Derrier Skin Bleaching cream
Dr. Lightening Ultra-Potent Facial
HY-B0951
Obagi-C Rx system C-Therapy Night
Tox21_110169
Tox21_202345
Tox21_300015
Tox21_500577
141010 HYDROQUINONE 4%
141011 HYDROQUINONE 6%
141030 HYDROQUINONE 8%
141055 HYDROQUINONE 6%
141067 HYDROQUINONE 8%
CCG-39082
MD Acne Medicated Dark Spot Remover
NSC758707
Olivia Quido Skincare Blemish Eraser
s4580
AKOS000119003
Obagi C Rx System C Clarifying Serum
Teatrical Pro-Aclarant Skin Lightening
Tox21_110169_1
AM10548
DB09526
LP00577
NSC-758707
SDCCGSBI-0050559.P003
UN 2662
Hydroquinone, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
Hydroquinone, USP, 99.0-100.5%
NCGC00015523-01
NCGC00015523-03
NCGC00015523-04
NCGC00015523-05
NCGC00015523-06
NCGC00015523-07
NCGC00015523-08
NCGC00015523-09
NCGC00015523-10
NCGC00015523-11
NCGC00015523-12
NCGC00015523-13
NCGC00015523-19
NCGC00090880-01
NCGC00090880-02
NCGC00090880-03
NCGC00090880-04
NCGC00090880-05
NCGC00254037-01
NCGC00259894-01
NCGC00261262-01
BP-21160
Dr. Throwers Skin Lightening Moisturizing
Hydroquinone, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.5%
SBI-0050559.P002
Hydroquinone, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
NU-DERM CLEARSkin Bleaching and Corrector
EU-0100577
FT-0606877
H0186
Hydroquinone, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
MEDITOWELILLUMINATING SKIN BRIGHTENING
NU-DERM BLENDERSkin Lightener and Blending
EN300-18053
Hydroquinone, meets USP testing specifications
Advanced Dual Complex FadeMaximum Strength Plus
C00530
D00073
H 9003
AB00053361_08
Quinol; 1,4-Benzenediol; 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
Q419164
ZO Skin Health Pigment Control Creme Hydroquinone
J-004910
J-521469
SR-01000075920-1
SR-01000075920-4
Q27102742
Z57127551
094CADDB-59BF-4EDF-B278-59791B203EA2
F1908-0167
Hydroquinone, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
OBAGI-C Rx system C-CLARIFYING SERUM NORMAL TO oily
ZO Skin Health Pigment Control Program Plus Hydroquinone
CONDITION AND ENHANCE BLENDERSkin Lightener and Blending
CONDITION AND ENHANCE CLEARSkin Bleaching and Corrector
ZO Skin Health Pigment Control Plus Blending Creme Hydroquinone
ELASTIDERM DECOLLETAGE SKIN LIGHTENING COMPLEXChest and Neck
Hydroquinone, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
InChI=1/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8
Obagi-C Rx system C-Therapy NightSkin Lightening with Vitamins C and E
Hydroquinone, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
ZO MEDICAL MELAMIN-C Skin Bleaching and Correcting with Vitamin C Hydroquinone
ZO Skin Health Pigment Control plus Brightening Creme Hydroquinone plus Vitamin C
OBAGI-C Rx system C-CLARIFYING SERUM NORMAL TO oilySKIN LIGHTENING SERUM WITH VITAMIN C

Hydroquinone (quinol) is a granular white solid.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is a skin-lightening agent.
Its chemical formula is C6H4(OH)2, Hydroquinone (quinol) is also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol.


CAS Number: 123-31-9
EC Number: 204-617-8
MDL number: MFCD00002339
Molecular Formula: C6H6O2 / C6H4-1,4-(OH)2 / C6H4(OH)2



SYNONYMS:
Hydroquinone, Idrochinone, Quinol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, p-dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-Hydroxy benzene, 1,4-Benzenediol, HQ, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, Hydroquinone, Quinol, P-Hydroquinone, Hydrochinon, Dihydroquinone, Hydroquinol, Benzoquinol, Hydrochinone, Hidroquinone, Hidroquin, Idrochinone, Para-Hydroquinone, Hydroquinole, Hidroquilaude, 1, 4-Dihydroxy-Benzeen, 1, 4-Diidrobenzene, Pyrogentistic Acid, Hydroquinoue, Ccris 714, Diak 5, 1,4-Benzenediol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, 4-Hydroxyphenol, Benzene-1,4-diol, Eldoquin, Hydroquinone, hydroquinone, p-Benzenediol, p-Hydroquinone, p-hydroxyphenol, Quinol, 1,4-benzenediol, benzene-1,4-diol, p-dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, hydroquinol, p-hydroquinone, hydroquinone, 123-31-9, Benzene-1,4-diol, 1,4-benzenediol, Quinol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, p-Benzenediol, p-Hydroquinone, Dihydroquinone, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, Quinol, 1,4-benzenediol, p Benzendiol, Benzoquinol, para-Hydroxyphenol, Dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-Hydroxybenzene, p-Hydroquinone, p-Dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-Benzendil, Aida, Black and White Bleaching Cream, Eldoquin, Elopaque, quinnone, Tecquinol, Hydroquinol, p-Diphenol, Hydrochinon, hydrokinone, p-benzenediol, p-dioxobenzene, alpha-hydroquinone, benzohydroquinone, beta-quinol, arctuvin, eldopaque, tenox hq, tequinol, Benzene-1,4-diol, HQ, 1,4-Benzenediol, p-Benzenediol, p-Dihydroxybenzene, p-Dioxybenzene, p-Hydroquinone, p-Hydroxyphenol, Arctuvin, Benzohydroquinone, Benzoquinol, Diak 5, Eldopaque, Eldoquin, Hidroquinone, Hydroquinol, HE 5, Phiaquin, Quinol, Tecquinol, Tenox HQ, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, 4-Hydroxyphenol, p-Dioxobenzene, Hydrochinone, Benzene, p-dihydroxy-, Black and White Bleaching Cream, Derma-Blanch, Hydrochinon, Hydroquinole, Idrochinone, NCI-C55834, Tequinol, USAF EK-356, 1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen, 1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzen, 1,4-Diidrobenzene, UN 2662, Dihydroquinone, Aida, Eldopacque, Eldopaque forte, Eldoquin forte, Solaquin forte, p-Dihydroquinone, Black & White Bleaching Cream, 1,4-Benzenediol (hydroquinone), Artra (Salt/Mix) p-Hydroxyphenol, 4-Hydroxyphenol, p-Dihydroxybenzene, Benzoquinol, hydroquinol, Dihydroquinone, Eldoquin, p-Dioxybenzene, Solaquin forte, Eldopaque, Hydroquinole, Idrochinone, Tecquinol, Phiaquin, Benzohydroquinone, Hidroquinone, Arctuvin, Tequinol, Dihydroxybenzene, Eldopaque Forte, Eldoquin Forte, Hydrochinon, Tenox HQ, Diak 5, Benzene, p-dihydroxy-, Hydrochinone, 1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol, Artra, Usaf ek-356, 1,4-Diidrobenzene, p-Dioxobenzene, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzen, para-Dioxybenzene, para-Hydroquinone, NCI-C55834, para-Dihydroxybenzene, beta-quinol, HE 5, Pyrogentistic acid, Epiquin, Melanex, Sunvanish, p-Dihydroquinone, alpha-hydroquinone, CHEBI:17594, NSC 9247, HSDB 577, DTXSID7020716, AI3-00072, CHEMBL537, UNII-XV74C1N1AE, NSC-9247, EINECS 204-617-8, XV74C1N1AE, UN2662, Hydroquinone (USP), Hydroquinone [USP], MFCD00002339, HQ, DTXCID70716, NSC9247, EC 204-617-8, Hydroquinone, TRI-LUMA COMPONENT HYDROQUINONE, NCGC00015523-02, quinnone, Eldopacque, p-Phenylenediol, p Benzendiol, p-Quinol, 1,4-Benzoquinol, CAS-123-31-9, SMR000059154, 1,4-Hydroxybenzene, SR-01000075920, 4-DIHYDROXYBENZENE, hydroquinon, BQ(H), Hydroquinoue, Balancer, MedisilkeNight, Supermax, hydroq uinone, hydroquinone gr, MiracleFade, Reduced quinone, a-Hydroquinone, Hydroquinone gel, Idole Carrot, Movate Carrot, Movate Lemon, p-Hydroxybenzene, Scarlight Md, b-Quinol, Caro Light, Hot Movate, Idole Black, 4-Benzenediol, Hydroquinone 4%, 1,4 benzenediol, Clarite 4, Hydro-Q, Obagi-C, Active 4, Hydroquinone,(S), p-dihydroxy benzene, PLQ, HQLA, HYDROP, 4-hydroxyphenyl alcohol, Spectrum_001757, Lopac-H-9003, HYDROQUINONE 8%., WLN: QR DQ, bmse000293, Sh18, Lopac0_000577, SCHEMBL15516, BSPBio_002291, KBioGR_001246, KBioSS_002237, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, XIII, MLS000069815, MLS001074911, HYDROQUINONE [WHO-DD], Hydroquinone, LR, >=99%, SPECTRUM1504237, s4580, AKOS000119003, Tox21_110169_1, AM10548, DB09526, LP00577, NSC-758707, RP10102, SDCCGSBI-0050559.P003, UN 2662, BP-21160, EU-0100577, FT-0606877, EN300-18053, C00530, D00073, H 9003, AB00053361_08, Q419164, J-004910,
J-521469, SR-01000075920-1, SR-01000075920-4, Q27102742, Z57127551, F1908-0167, Benzene-1,4-diol, Hydroquinone, Idrochinone, Quinol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene,
p-dihydroxybenzene, p-hydroxyphenol, 1,4-Hydroxy benzene, Calcium Dobesilate Monohydrate Imp. A (EP), Dobesilate Imp. A (EP), Hydroquinone, 1,4-Benzoquinol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-Phenylenediol, 1,4-p-Benzenediol, 4-Hydroxyphenol, Aida, Arctuvin, BQ(H), Benzohydroquinone, Benzoquinol, Black & White Bleaching Cream, Diak 5, Dihydroquinone, Eldopacque, Eldopaque, Eldopaque Forte, Eldoquin, Eldoquin Forte, HE 5, Hydroquinol, NSC 9247, Phiaquin, Quinol, Solaquin Forte, Solution Q, Tecquinol, Tenox HQ, p-Benzenediol, p-Dihydroquinone, p-Dihydroxybenzene, p-Dioxybenzene, p-Hydroquinone, p-Hydroxyphenol, p-Phenylenediol, p-Quin, Calcium Dobesilate Monohydrate Impurity A, Etamsylate Impurity A, Calcium Dobesilate Impurity A, 1,4-Benzenediol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, 4-Hydroxyphenol, Benzene-1,4-diol, Eldoquin, p-Benzenediol, p-Hydroquinone, p-Hydroxyphenol, Quinol, Artra, Eldopaque, Esoterica, Hidroquilaude, Hidroquin, Hidroquinona isdin, Licostrata, Lustra, Melanasa, Melanex, Melpaque, Melquin, Neostrata HQ, Phiaquin, Solaquin, Ultraquin, beta-Quinol, Hydroquinone, copper (1+) salt, Hydroquinone, lead (2+) salt (2:1), Hydroquinone, monocopper (2+) salt, 1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen, 1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol,
1,4-Dihydroxybenzen, 1,4-Diidrobenzene, a-Hydroquinone, alpha-Hydroquinone, b-Quinol, Benzohydroquinone, Benzoquinol, Dihydroquinone, Dihydroxybenzene, Hydrochinon, Hydrochinone, Hydroquinol, Hydroquinole, Hydroquinone for synthesis, Hydroquinone GR, Hydroquinoue, Idrochinone, p-Dihydroxybenzene, P-Dioxobenzene, p-Dioxybenzene, P-Hydroxybenzene, Solaquin forte, Eldoquin forte, Stratus brand 1 OF hydroquinone, ICN brand 1 OF hydroquinone,
Plough brand 2 OF hydroquinone, Eldopaque forte, ICN brand 4 OF hydroquinone, Black and white, ICN brand 2 OF hydroquinone, ICN brand 3 OF hydroquinone,
Plough brand 1 OF hydroquinone, Stratus brand 2 OF hydroquinone, 1,4-Benzoquinol, 1,4-Phenylenediol, 1,4-p-Benzenediol, p-Dihydroquinone, p-Phenylenediol, p-Quinol, hydroquinone, 1,4-benzenediol, quinol, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, p-benzenediol, 4-hydroxyphenol, p-hydroquinone, p-hydroxyphenol, p-dihydroxybenzene, benzoquinol, ?-Hydroquinone, ?-Quinol, P-Hydroquinone, Hydrochinon, Dihydroquinone, Hydroquinol, Benzoquinol, Hydrochinone, Hidroquinone, Hidroquin, Idrochinone, Para-Hydroquinone, Hydroquinole, Hidroquilaude, 1, 4-Dihydroxy-Benzeen, 1, 4-Diidrobenzene, Pyrogentistic Acid, Hydroquinoue, Ccris 714, Diak 5, 1,4-Benzene-2,3,5,6-d4-diol-d2, 1,2,4,5-Tetradeuterio-3,6-dideuteriooxybenzene, 1,4-Hydroquinone-d6, Hydroquinone-d6, Perdeuteriohydroquinone, 1,4-Benzenediol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-p-Benzenediol, 1,4-Phenylenediol, 4-Hydroxyphenol, Benzene-1,4-diol, 1,4-Benzenediol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, 4-Hydroxyphenol, benzene-1,4-diol, Benzene-1,4-diol, Eldoquin, hydroquinone, Hydroquinone, p-Benzenediol, p-Hydroquinone, p-hydroxyphenol, Quinol, Hydroquinone, p-Benzenediol, 1,4-Benzenediol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, Benzene-1,4-diol, Quinol, 4-Hydroxyphenol, Quinol, Melanex, Idrochinone, HYDROQUINONE, HYDROCHINONE, Hydroquinone, HYDROXYQUINOL, Hydroxyquinone, 1,4-Benzenediol, benzene-1,4-diol, AKOS BBS-00004220, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-Dihydroxy benzene, hydroquinone--1,4-benzenediol, 6,7-dihydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one, 1,4-Benzenediol, 1,4-Benzenediol (hydroquinone), 1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen, 1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzen, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-Diidrobenzene, 4-Hydroxyphenol, Aida, Arctuvin, Benzene, p-dihydroxy-, Benzohydroquinone, Benzoquinol, Black & White Bleaching Cream, Black and White Bleaching Cream, Derma-Blanch, Diak 5, Dihydroquinone, Eldopacque, Eldopaque, Eldopaque forte, Eldoquin, Eldoquin forte, HE 5, Hidroquinone, Hydrochinon, Hydrochinone, Hydroquinol, Hydroquinole, Idrochinone, NCI-C55834, Phiaquin, Quinol, Solaquin forte, Tecquinol, Tenox HQ, Tequinol, UN 2662, USAF EK-356, p-Benzenediol, p-Dihydroquinone, p-Dihydroxybenzene, p-Dioxobenzene, p-Dioxybenzene, p-Hydroquinone, p-Hydroxyphenol, p-quinol, 1,4-Benzenediol, Quinol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, HQ



Hydroquinone (quinol) is a metabolite found in the aging mouse brain.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is a Melanin Synthesis Inhibitor.
The mechanism of action of Hydroquinone (quinol) is as a Melanin Synthesis Inhibitor.


The physiologic effect of Hydroquinone (quinol) is by means of Depigmenting Activity.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, which is a kind of phenol and also a derivative of benzene.
Hydroquinone (quinol) contains two hydroxyl groups bonded in a para position to the benzene ring.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is a granular white solid.
Hydroquinone (quinol)’s substituted derivatives are also known as hydroquinones.
Friedrich Wöhler coined the term “Hydroquinone (quinol)” in 1843.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is a skin-lightening agent used topically for the treatment of hyperpigmentation.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is an inhibitor and antioxidant, also is an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, motor fuels, and oils.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is a white to off-white needle form crystal or freely flowable crystalline powder; Assay: Not less than 99.5%; Melting Point: 171 175.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is a skin-lightening agent.
Hydroquinone (quinol) bleaches the skin, which can be helpful when treating different forms of hyperpigmentation.
Historically, there’s been some back-and-forth on the safety of Hydroquinone (quinol).


In 1982, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recognized Hydroquinone (quinol) as safe and effective.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is a white needle-like crystal with a molecular formula of C6H4(OH)2, a molecular weight of 110.11, a specific gravity of 1.332, a melting point of 172 degC, a boiling point of 286 degC, and a flash point of 165 degC.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is soluble in water, ethanol and ether, and slightly soluble in benzene.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is an aromatic organic compound.
Its chemical formula is C6H4(OH)2, Hydroquinone (quinol) is also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol.


Two hydroxyl groups bound to a benzene ring in the para position to form Hydroquinone (quinol).
Hydroquinone (quinol) is known as a melanin synthesis inhibitor and is a phenol derivative that has antioxidant properties.
Hydroquinone (quinol) has the appearance of granular solid white.


Hydroquinone (quinol) has several applications, which are primarily associated with its function as a reducing agent that is soluble in water.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is a major component of most black and white photographers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it transforms silver halides into elemental silver.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is a white needle-like crystals.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is soluble in alcohol and ether, soluble in water, slightly soluble in benzene.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is visible light in the air easily turned to light red.


The aqueous solution oof Hydroquinone (quinol) can be oxidized to Brown in air.
Reactions with strong oxidants may occur.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is a weak acid.


Hydroquinone (quinol) reacts with most of the oxidizing agents and is converted to O-and p-benzoquinones.
Hydroquinone (quinol) has a, beta and gamma; Three crystal forms.
Type A is a triangular needle-like or diamond-like crystal, crystallized from water and stable.


Lu is a triangular crystal, crystallized from methanol, unstable.
The & gamma; Type is monoclinic crystal, which is obtained by sublimation method and is unstable.
All three crystals can be rubbed to emit fluorescence.
Hydroquinone (quinol), also benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound which is a type of phenol, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.


Hydroquinone (quinol)'s chemical structure, shown in the table at right, has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is a white granular solid at room temperature and pressure.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is a quinone small molecule with efficacy as a topical preparation.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
Hydroquinone (quinol) is mainly used as a developer in photography.
Hydroquinone (quinol) and its alkylates are widely used as polymerization inhibitors added during the storage and transportation of monomers, the commonly used concentration is about 200ppm;2.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is used as antioxidant for rubber and gasoline.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is used as corrosion inhibitor, stabilizer and antioxidant in detergents, etc.
In the treatment field, Hydroquinone (quinol) is added to the hot water and cooling water of the closed-circuit heating and cooling system to inhibit corrosion of metals on the water side.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is also used as a deoxidizer for boiler water.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is added to the boiler water when it is preheated and deoxygenated to remove residual dissolved oxygen.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is a raw material for manufacturing anthraquinone dyes, azo dyes, medicines, etc.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is an intermediate of some herbicides, including quizalofop-ethyl, lactofen, haloxyfop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenthiaprop, fluazifop-butyl, etc.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is also used in the hair dye field of cosmetics.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is used as analytical reagent, reducing agent and developer for copper and gold.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is a major component of most black and white photographers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it transforms silver halides into elemental silver.


There are several other applications for Hydroquinone (quinol)'s reducing power.
As a polymerization barrier, Hydroquinone (quinol) inhibits the polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers vulnerable to radical-initiated polymerization by using its antioxidant properties.


By serving as a free-radical scavenger, Hydroquinone (quinol) helps in improving the shelflife of light-sensitive resins such as preceramic polymers.
Hydroquinone (quinol) can form a diphenolate ion by losing a hydrogen cation from both hydroxyl groups.
Hydroquinone (quinol) has several applications, which are primarily associated with its function as a reducing agent that is soluble in water.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is used in the following products: photo-chemicals.


Other release to the environment of Hydroquinone (quinol) is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is used in the following products: photo-chemicals, coating products, inks and toners and polymers.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction, health services and scientific research and development.


Other release to the environment of Hydroquinone (quinol) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Hydroquinone (quinol) is used in the following products: photo-chemicals, water treatment chemicals and fuels.


Release to the environment of Hydroquinone (quinol) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is used in the following products: photo-chemicals, polymers, coating products, inks and toners and water treatment chemicals.
Hydroquinone (quinol) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).


Hydroquinone (quinol) is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Release to the environment of Hydroquinone (quinol) can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and for thermoplastic manufacture.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is used as a photographic reducer and developer (except in color film), as a dye intermediate inhibitor, as a stabilizer in paints, varnishes, motor fuels and oils, as an antioxidant for fats and oils, as an inhibitor of polymerization, as a reagent in the determination of small quantities of phosphate and as a depigmentor.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is used inhibitor in acrylic monomers and polyester resins.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is used antioxidant in animal feed.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is used present in many bleaching creams.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is used occupational exposure in people working with antioxidants, bacteriostatics, furs, organic chemical synthesis, paints, plastics, rubber, drugs.
Hydroquinone (quinol) has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent which is soluble in water.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is a major component in most photographic developers where, with the compound Metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver.
In the field of water treatment, Hydroquinone (quinol) is added to the hot water and cooling water of the closed-circuit heating and cooling system, and the corrosion inhibition of the water side Metal energy is carried out.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is used as an oxygen scavenger for boiler water, and Hydroquinone (quinol) is added thereto to remove residual dissolved oxygen when the boiler water is preheated for oxygen removal.
Release to the environment of Hydroquinone (quinol) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
In human medicine, Hydroquinone (quinol) is used as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the color of skin as it does not have the same predisposition to cause dermatitis as Metol does.


The disodium diphenolate salt of Hydroquinone (quinol) is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK.
As a polymerization inhibitor, Hydroquinone (quinol) prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, etc.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is also used as a raw material of herbicides, rubber antioxidants and dye stuffs.


Hydroquinone (quinol) has been found to reduce the viable cell number of some tumor cells.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is used as an intermediate in the production of dyes and other organic compounds.
Hydroquinone (quinol) also acts as a antioxidant and bleaching agent.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is used as imaging agent and dye, drug raw material
Hydroquinone (quinol) is used as a reducing agent.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is used for the preventive measures of methyl methacrylate.


Hydroquinone (quinol) is used in skin whitening.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is used helpful as a biomarker for benzene exposure.
Hydroquinone (quinol) is used by photographic developers


Hydroquinone (quinol) is used in the treatment of acne scars
Hydroquinone (quinol) is used in various cosmetic products



WHO USES HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL)?
Hydroquinone (quinol) is most commonly used in bleaching creams by patients aged 13 years and over with a dark skin type.
Hydroquinone (quinol) can be used, often in combination with other medications, to treat:
*Melasma
*Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation such as subsequent to acne
*Freckles and lentigines
*Poikiloderma of Civatte
*Drug-induced pigmentation due to chemotherapy agents
*Folliculitis barbae and pseudofolliculitis barbae
*Hydroquinone (quinol) may also be used as a pretreatment before fractional laser therapy or chemical peels.



WHAT SKIN CONDITIONS CAN BENEFIT FROM HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL)?
Hydroquinone (quinol) is used to treat skin conditions related to hyperpigmentation.
This includes:
*acne scars
*age spots
*freckles
*melasma
*post-inflammatory marks from psoriasis and eczema

Although Hydroquinone (quinol) can help fade red or brown spots that have lingered, it won’t help with active inflammation.
For example, Hydroquinone (quinol) can help minimize acne scarring, but it won’t have an effect on redness from active breakouts.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
*1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids
*Benzene and substituted derivatives
*Organooxygen compounds
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
*Hydroquinone
*1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
*Monocyclic benzene moiety
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



NATURAL OCCURRENCES OF HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
Hydroquinone (quinol) is one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide (and perhaps other chemicals, depending on the species), which collect in a reservoir.

The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber.
This chamber is lined with cells that secrete catalases and peroxidases.

When the contents of the reservoir are forced into the reaction chamber, the catalases and peroxidases rapidly break down the hydrogen peroxide and catalyze the oxidation of the Hydroquinone (quinol) into p-quinones.

These reactions release free oxygen and generate enough heat to bring the mixture to the boiling point and vaporize about a fifth of it, producing a hot spray from the beetle's abdomen.



HOW DOES HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL) WORK?
Hydroquinone (quinol) bleaches your skin by decreasing the number of melanocytes present.
Melanocytes make melanin, which is what produces your skin tone.

In cases of hyperpigmentation, more melanin is present due to an increase in melanocyte production.
By controlling these melanocytes, your skin will become more evenly toned over time.
It takes about four weeks on average for the ingredient to take effect.

It may take several months of consistent use before you see full results.
If you don’t see any improvements within three months of OTC use, talk to your dermatologist.
They may be able to recommend a prescription-strength formula better suited to your needs.



PROPERTIES OF HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
Hydroquinone (quinol) can undergo mild oxidation to convert to the compound parabenzoquinone, C6H4O2, often called p-quinone or simply quinone.
Reduction of quinone reverses this reaction back to Hydroquinone (quinol).

Some biochemical compounds in nature have this sort of Hydroquinone (quinol) or quinone section in their structures, such as Coenzyme Q, and can undergo similar redox interconversions.

The hydroxyl groups of Hydroquinone (quinol) are quite weakly acidic.
Hydroquinone (quinol) can lose an H+ from one of the hydroxyls to form a monophenolate ion or lose an H+ from both to form a diphenolate ion.



NOMENCLATURE OF HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
Hydroquinone (quinol) is the name recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in its 1993 Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry



PREPARATION METHOD OF HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
Aniline is oxidized to p-benzoquinone with manganese dioxide in sulfuric acid medium and then reduced to Hydroquinone (quinol) with iron powder.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
Physical and Chemical Properties
Character: White needle crystal.
melting point 172~175 ℃
boiling point 285~287 ℃
relative density 1.328g/cm3
flash point 165 ℃
solubility, ethanol and ether, benzene-soluble.



PRODUCTION OF HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
Industrial production of Hydroquinone (quinol) usually happens in two ways.
The most commonly used technique is identical to the cumene process in the reaction mechanism and, Hydroquinone (quinol) includes the dialkylation of benzene with propene to produce 1,4-diisopropyl benzene.

Hydroquinone (quinol) reacts with air to form bishydroperoxide, which has a similar structure compared to cumene hydroperoxide and, it rearranges in acid to form acetone and Hydroquinone (quinol).

The second method includes the hydroxylation of phenol over a catalyst.
The conversion process uses hydrogen peroxide and provides a combination of Hydroquinone (quinol) and catechol (benzene-1,2-diol):

C6H5OH+H2O2⟶C6H4(OH)2+H2O
Some other methods for producing Hydroquinone (quinol) are:

Oxidation of various phenols can also produce Hydroquinone (quinol) and its derivatives.
Examples of such method are Elbs persulfate oxidation and Dakin oxidation.
French chemists Pelletier and Caventou first obtained Hydroquinone (quinol) in 1820 through the dry distillation process of quinic acid.



PROPERTIES OF HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
*Formula of Hydroquinone (quinol) is C6H6O2.
*The Molecular Weight of Hydroquinone (quinol) is 110.11 g/mol.
*The Boiling Point of Hydroquinone (quinol) is 287°C
*Also, the Melting Point of Hydroquinone (quinol) is 172°C.
*The Density of Hydroquinone (quinol) is 1.3gcm−3.
*Hydroquinone (quinol) is soluble in water.
*Hydroquinone (quinol) has a white-solid appearance.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
CAS number: 123-31-9
EC index number: 604-005-00-4
EC number: 204-617-8
Hill Formula: C₆H₆O₂
Chemical formula: C₆H₄(OH)₂
Molar Mass: 110.11 g/mol
HS Code: 2907 22 00
Boiling point: 287 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.332 g/cm3 (15 °C)
Flash point: 165 °C
Ignition temperature: 515 °C
Melting Point: 171 °C (decomposition)
pH value: 3.7 (70 g/l, H₂O)
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa (132 °C)
Bulk density: 600 kg/m3
Solubility: 70 g/l

Chemical Name: HYDROQUINONE
CAS No: 123-31-9
Main Material: HYDROQUINONE
Storage: Other
Boiling point: 287 °C (549 F; 560 K)
HS Code: 29072200
Grade: Industrial Grade
Taste: Other
Molecular Weight: 110.112 g/mol
Molecular Formula: 110.112 g/mol
Classification: Other
Smell: Other
Other Names: Quinol

Density: 1.3 g/cm3, solid Kilogram per litre (kg/L)
Melting Point: 172 °C (342 F; 445 K)
Solubility: 5.9 g/100 mL (15 °C)
Structural Formula: C6H6O2
Form: Solid
CAS: 123-31-9
EINECS: 204-617-8
InChI: InChI=1/C9H6O4/c10-6-3-5-1-2-9(12)13-8(5)4-7(6)11/h1-4,10-11H
InChIKey: QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C6H6O2
Molar Mass: 110.11
Density: 1.32
Melting Point: 172-175°C (lit.)
Boiling Point: 285°C (lit.)
Flash Point: 165 °C

Water Solubility: 70 g/L (20 ºC)
Solubility: H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear
Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg (132 °C)
Vapor Density: 3.81 (vs air)
Appearance: Needle-Like Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Color: White to off-white
Merck: 14,4808
BRN: 605970
pKa: 10.35 (at 20°C)
Storage Condition: Store below +30°C.
Stability: Stable.
Sensitive: Air & Light Sensitive
Refractive Index: 1.6320
Molecular Weight: 110.11
Appearance Form: crystalline

Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: 3,7 at 70 g/l
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 172 - 175 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 285 °C - lit.
Flash point: 165 °C at ca.1.013 hPa
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa at 132 °C
Vapor density: 3,80 - (Air = 1.0)

Density: 1,332 g/cm3 at 15 °C
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility 72 g/l at 25 °C - completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water
log Pow: 0,59 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Autoignition temperature: 515,56 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:

Relative vapor density: 3,80 - (Air = 1.0)
Water Solubility: 95.5 g/L
logP: 0.71
logP: 1.37
logS: -0.06
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 9.68
pKa (Strongest Basic): -5.9
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 2
Polar Surface Area: 40.46 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Refractivity: 30.02 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 10.75 ų
Number of Rings: 1

Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No
IUPAC Name: benzene-1,4-diol
Traditional IUPAC Name: α-hydroquinone
Formula: C6H6O2
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8H
InChI Key: QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular weight: 110.1106
Exact mass: 110.036779436
SMILES: OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1
Chemical Formula: C6H6O2
Average Molecular Weight: 110.1106
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 110.036779436

IUPAC Name: benzene-1,4-diol
Traditional Name: α-hydroquinone
CAS Registry Number: 123-31-9
SMILES: OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8H
InChI Key: QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Melting Point: 170.0°C to 174.0°C
Color: White
Density: 1.32
Boiling Point: 285.0°C to 287.0°C
Flash Point: 165°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 98.5% min. (HPLC)
Beilstein: 06, 836

Fieser: 05,341; 14,249
Merck Index: 15, 4845
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 70g/L in water (20°C).
Other solubilities: soluble in alcohol and ether,slightly soluble in benzene,
readily soluble in ethanol,acetone and methanol
Formula Weight: 110.11
Percent Purity: 99%
Physical Form: Needle-like Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Hydroquinone, 99%
C6H6O2: Hydroquinone
Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass: 110.11 g/mol
Density: 1.3 g cm−3
Boiling Point: 287 °C
Melting Point: 172 °C



FIRST AID MEASURES of HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use safety goggles.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Use protective clothing.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
*Hygiene measures:
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HYDROQUINONE (QUINOL):
-Chemical stability
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .