hexafluoroisopropyl methyl ether; Isoindoklon; 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-methoxypropane; Iso-indoklon; methyl hexafluoroisopropyl ether; 2-Methoxy-2H-perfluoropropane; 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-methoxypropane cas no :13171-18-1

Hexagluorosilicic Acid; Hexafluorosilicic Acid; Hydrofluorosilicic Acid; Hydrosilicofluoric acid; Sand acid; Silicofluoric acid; Fluosilicic acid; Hydrofluorosilicic acid; Hydrofluosilic Acid; Hexafluorosilicic acid; Dihydrogen hexafluorosilicate; cas no: 16961-83-4

Hexafluorosilicic Acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2SiF6.
Aqueous solutions of Hexafluorosilicic Acid consist of salts of the cation and hexafluorosilicate anion.


CAS Number: 16961-83-4
EC-Number: 241-034-8
MDL number: MFCD00036289
Molecular Formula: H2SiF6 / F6H2Si / H2F6Si


Hexafluorosilicic Acid appears as a colorless fuming liquid with a penetrating pungent odor.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is the basic raw material for the preparation of sodium fluorosilicate, potassium, ammonium, magnesium, copper, barium, lead and other fluorosilicates and silicon tetrafluoride.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid,H2SiF6, also known as hydrofluorosilicic acid,is a colorless liquid that is soluble in water.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is highly corrosive and toxic,attacking glass and stoneware.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used in water fluoridation, electroplating, and in manufacturing enamels and cement.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is a transparent, colorless fuming liquid.
Hexafluorosilicic acid is a kind of inorganic acid.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is a kind of inorganic acid.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is majorly used for the fluoridation of water in United State to minimize the incidence of dental caries and dental fluorosis.
For chemical synthesis, Hexafluorosilicic Acid is majorly used for the manufacturing of aluminum fluoride and cryolite as well as many kinds of hexafluorosilicate salts.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid can also be used for the production of silicon and silicon dioxide.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid can also be used as an electrolyte in the Betts electrolytic process for refining lead.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is also a specialized reagent in organic synthesis for cleaving Si–O bonds of silyl ethers.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is s colorless fuming liquid with a penetrating pungent odor.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is corrosive to metals and tissue.
Both the fumes and very short contact with the liquid can cause severe and painful burns.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is produced naturally on a large scale in volcanoes.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is manufactured as a coproduct in the production of phosphate fertilizers.
The resulting Hexafluorosilicic Acid is almost exclusively consumed as a precursor to aluminum trifluoride and synthetic cryolite, which are used in aluminium processing.


Salts derived from Hexafluorosilicic Acid are called hexafluorosilicates.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is miscible with water.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is incompatible in strong oxidizing agents, metals, alkalis, strong acids, stoneware and glass.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is a colorless liquid with a sour, pungent odor; [HSDB] Aqueous solution (<=35% fluorosilicic acid).
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is clear light yellow liquid.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2SiF6.


Aqueous solutions of Hexafluorosilicic Acid consist of salts of the cation and hexafluorosilicate anion.
These salts and their aqueous solutions are colorless.
Hexafluorosilicic acid is produced naturally on a large scale in volcanoes.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is manufactured as a coproduct in the production of phosphate fertilizers.
The resulting Hexafluorosilicic Acid is almost exclusively consumed as a precursor to aluminum trifluoride and synthetic cryolite, which are used in aluminium processing.


Salts derived from Hexafluorosilicic Acid are called hexafluorosilicates.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is a water insoluble Silicon source for use in oxygen-sensitive applications, such as metal production.
In extremely low concentrations (ppm), fluoride compounds are used in health applications.


Fluoride compounds also have significant uses in synthetic organic chemistry.
They are commonly also used to alloy metal and for optical deposition.
Certain fluoride compounds can be produced at nanoscale and in ultra high purity forms.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards.
Nanoscale elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is the increasing use of it in textile industries due to its stain and smudge removing properties.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is a chemical that can be used for the treatment of water.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is typically used when there is too much fluoride in the water.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid reacts with the fluoride ion to form hexafluorosilicate, which precipitates out of solution.
This process removes 75% of the fluoride from the water in an hour. Hexafluorosilicic Acid also has been shown to be effective against sulfa drugs and phosphorus pentoxide, making it useful for wastewater treatment as well as analytical chemistry.


The chemical stability and reaction mechanism of Hexafluorosilicic Acid makes it a good choice for use in industry.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is a colorless, fuming liquid and is the most commonly used fluoridation methods for treating drinking water.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid contains 34% hexafluorosilicic acid and 65% water.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is a colorless liquid with a stinging odor.
Hexafluorosilicic acid is completely miscible in water and stable under normal conditions.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid, also known as hydrofluorosilicic acid or fluorosilicic acid, is a colorless liquid with the chemical formula H2SiF6.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is primarily derived from the production of phosphate fertilizers or from the scrubbing of industrial gases.
Hexafluorosilicic acid is the chemical compound with the formula H2SiF6.
The free acid is encountered as an equilibrium mixture with hexaflurorosilicate anion (SiF62−) only in solution in solvents that are proton donors at low pH.


In aqueous solution, evaporation of H2SiF6 results in loss of HF and SiF4.
H2SiF6 is a by-product from the reaction of fluoroapatite with sulfuric acid, which produces HF, which in turn reacts with silicate minerals:
SiO2 + 6 HF → H2SiF6 + 2 H2O


Aqueous solutions of H2SiF6 contain the hexafluorosilicate anion, SiF62−.
In this octahedral anion, the Si-F bond distances are 1.71 Å.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
Hexafluorosilicic acid is used as a chemical intermediate, a disinfectant, a water fluoridating agent, a wood preservative, a masonry and ceramic hardener, and a glass additive.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is also used to treat hides and skins, to electroplate chromium, and to electrolytically refine lead.


Further, Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used in technical paints, oil well acidizing, and to remove mold, rust, and stains from textiles or in biocidal products.
The majority of the Hexafluorosilicic Acid is converted to aluminium fluoride and synthetic cryolite.
These materials are central to the conversion of aluminium ore into aluminium metal.


The conversion to aluminium trifluoride is described as:
H2SiF6 + Al2O3 → 2 AlF3 + SiO2 + H2O
Hexafluorosilicic acid is also converted to a variety of useful hexafluorosilicate salts.


The potassium salt, Potassium fluorosilicate, is used in the production of porcelains, the magnesium salt for hardened concretes and as an insecticide, and the barium salts for phosphors.
Hexafluorosilicic acid and the salts are used as wood preservation agents.


Lead refining uses of Hexafluorosilicic Acid: Hexafluorosilicic acid is also used as an electrolyte in the Betts electrolytic process for refining lead.
Rust removers uses of Hexafluorosilicic Acid: Hexafluorosilicic acid (identified as hydrofluorosilicic acid on the label) along with oxalic acid are the active ingredients used in Iron Out rust-removing cleaning products, which are essentially varieties of laundry sour.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is majorly used for the fluoridation of water in United State to minimize the incidence of dental care.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used for metal plating, wood anticorrosion, beer disinfection, brewing industrial equipment disinfection (1%~2% H2SiF6) and lead electrolytic refining.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used as mordant and metal surface treatment agent.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is mainly produced as a precursor to aluminum trifluoride and synthetic cryolite.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is commonly used as a source of fluoride for water fluoridation.


Hexafluorosilicic acid is also converted to a variety of useful hexafluorosilicate salts.
The potassium salt is used in the production of porcelains, the magnesium salt.
Hexafluorosilicic acid is mainly used in: Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used as the preparation of aluminium fluoride cryolite and sodium fluorosilicate.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used as an analytical reagent and also used in the synthesis of silicates.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used widely for sterilizing equipment in brewing and bottling establishments.
Other concentrations of Hexafluorosilicic Acid are used in the electrolytic refining of lead, in electroplating, for hardening cement, crumbling lime or brick work, for the removal of lime from hides during the tanning process, to remove molds, as preservative for timber.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used in water fluoridation, in hardening cement and ceramics, as a wood preservative.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used fluoride source with both protic and Lewis acid properties providing efficient cleavage of silicon–oxygen bonds, e.g. silyl ether deprotection.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is commonly used as a source of fluoride.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is converted to a variety of useful hexafluorosilicate salts.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is also used as an electrolyte in the Betts electrolytic process for refining lead.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is an important organic reagent for cleaving Si-O bonds of silyl ethers.
Further, Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used as wood a preservation agent and also used in surface modification of calcium carbonate.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used widely for sterilizing equipment in brewing and bottling establishments.


Other concentrations of Hexafluorosilicic Acid are used in the electrolytic refining of lead, in electroplating, for hardening cement, crumbling lime or brick work, for the removal of lime from hides during the tanning process, to remove molds, as preservative for timber.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used in water fluoridation, in hardening cement and ceramics, as a wood preservative.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used Water Fluoridation, Disinfecting Copper & Brass Vessels, Sterilizing Bottling & Brewing, Cement, Ceramics, and Wood Preservative.
Hexafluorosilicic acid is commonly used as a source of fluoride.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is converted to a variety of useful hexafluorosilicate salts.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is also used as an electrolyte in the Betts electrolytic process for refining lead.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is an important organic reagent for cleaving Si-O bonds of silyl ethers.


Further, Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used as wood a preservation agent and also used in surface modification of calcium carbonate.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used as a chemical intermediate, a disinfectant, a water fluoridating agent, a wood preservative, a masonry and ceramic hardener, and a glass additive.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is also used to treat hides and skins, to electroplate chromium, and to electrolytically refine lead.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used in technical paints, oil well acidizing, and to remove mold, rust, and stains from textiles.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is commonly used as a source of fluoride.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is converted to a variety of useful hexafluorosilicate salts.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is also used as an electrolyte in the Betts electrolytic process for refining lead.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is an important organic reagent for cleaving Si-O bonds of silyl ethers.


Further, Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used as wood a preservation agent and also used in surface modification of calcium carbonate.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is mainly used in the production of fluorine silicate, silicon tetrafluoride, also used in electroplating, Wood corrosion, brewing industry equipment Disinfection, water additives


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is a highly corrosive and toxic substance that requires careful handling and proper dosing.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is added to water treatment systems in controlled amounts to achieve the desired fluoride concentration, contributing to the prevention of tooth decay.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is commonly used for water fluoridation in several countries including the United States, Great Britain, and Ireland.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is a reagent in organic synthesis for cleaving Si-O bonds of silyl ethers.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is more reactive for this purpose than HF.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid reacts faster with t-butyldimethysilyl (TBDMS) ethers than triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) ethers.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid and the salts are used as wood preservation agents.
The aluminium and magnesium hexafluorosilicate are two used compounds.


Hexafluorosilicic Acid is mainly used in the production of fluorosilicate, silicon tetrafluoride, also used in electroplating, wood corrosion, brewing industry equipment disinfection, water additives, etc.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is commonly used in water fluoridation programs to increase the fluoride content of drinking water for dental health purposes.


-Niche applications of Hexafluorosilicic Acid:
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is a specialized reagent in organic synthesis for cleaving Si–O bonds of silyl ethers.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is more reactive for this purpose than HF.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid reacts faster with t-butyldimethysilyl (TBDMS) ethers than triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) ethers.


-Treating concrete uses of Hexafluorosilicic Acid:
The application of hexafluorosilica acid to a calcium rich surface such as concrete will give that surface some resistance to acid attack.
CaCO3 + H2O → Ca2+ + 2 OH− + CO2
H2SiF6 → 2 H+ + SiF2−6SiF2−6 + 2 H2O → 6 F− + SiO2 + 4 H+
Ca2+ + 2 F− → CaF2
Calcium fluoride (CaF2) is an insoluble solid that is acid resistant.


-Natural salts uses of Hexafluorosilicic Acid:
Some rare minerals, encountered either within volcanic or coal-fire fumaroles, are salts of the hexafluorosilicic acid.
Examples include ammonium hexafluorosilicate that naturally occurs as two polymorphs: cryptohalite and bararite.


-Industrial uses of Hexafluorosilicic Acid:
Hexafluorosilicic Acid (H2SiF6) is a colorless to light brown liquid. It is also manufactured from calcium fluoride or other fluoride-containing products.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is a strong depressant for many silicates during flotation of a number of oxidic minerals.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used for gangue depression during flotation of tin, columbite and tantalite.


-Hexafluorosilicic Acid Uses in Water Treatment:
Hexafluorosilicic Acid finds specific applications in water treatment processes, primarily in water fluoridation programs.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is added to public water supplies with the aim of increasing the concentration of fluoride ions for dental health benefits.

By adjusting the fluoride content in drinking water, Hexafluorosilicic Acid helps prevent tooth decay and promote overall dental health.
Water fluoridation programs using Hexafluorosilicic Acid must follow strict guidelines and regulations to ensure proper dosing and safety.
The concentration of fluoride added to the water supply is carefully monitored to achieve an optimal balance between dental health benefits and potential risks.

Additionally, Hexafluorosilicic Acid can be used for pH adjustment in water treatment processes, contributing to the control and stabilization of water pH within the desired range.
Order Hexafluorosilicic Acid from Water Solutions Unlimited.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
Hexafluorosilicic Acid,H2SiF6, also known as hydrofluorosilicic acid,is a colorless liquid that is soluble in water.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is highly corrosive and toxic,attacking glass and stoneware.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used in water fluoridation, electroplating, and in manufacturing enamels and cement.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is a transparent, colorless fuming liquid.



USE AND MANUFACTURING OF HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
Silica powder acid hydrolysis method Hydrofluoric acid is first added to the lead-line acid hydrolysis equipment, and then the silica powder is gradually added to make it react.

After the reaction is complete, add rice bran ash to neutralize the free hydrofluoric acid, and at the same time act as a bleaching solution, filter the solution, and add an appropriate amount of Huangdan powder (PbO) to the filtrate to remove the hydrofluoric acid.
The sulphate which is added is then filtered to obtain the finished Hexafluorosilicic Acid product.
Its 6HF+SiO2→H2SiF6+2H2O



HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID'S GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS ARE:
*Chemical Formula:
H2SiF6
*Physical State:
Colorless liquid

*Source:
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is derived from phosphate fertilizer production or industrial gas scrubbing
*Water Fluoridation:
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is used in water treatment for dental health by increasing fluoride content in drinking water



STRUCTURE OF HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
Hexafluorosilicic Acid has been crystallized as various hydrates.
These include (H5O2)2SiF6, the more complicated (H5O2)2SiF6·2H2O, and (H5O2)(H7O3)SiF6·4.5H2O.
In all of these salts, the octahedral hexafluorosilicate anion is hydrogen bonded to the cations.
Aqueous solutions of Hexafluorosilicic Acid are often described as H
2SiF6.



PRODUCTION AND PRINCIPAL REACTIONS OF HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
Hexafluorosilicic acid is produced commercially from fluoride-containing minerals that also contain silicates.
Specifically, apatite and fluorapatite are treated with sulfuric acid to give phosphoric acid, a precursor to several water-soluble fertilizers.
This is called the wet phosphoric acid process.

As a by-product, approximately 50 kg of Hexafluorosilicic Acid is produced per tonne of HF owing to reactions involving silica-containing mineral impurities. 
Some of the hydrogen fluoride (HF) produced during this process in turn reacts with silicon dioxide (SiO2) impurities, which are unavoidable constituents of the mineral feedstock, to give silicon tetrafluoride.

Thus formed, the silicon tetrafluoride reacts further with HF.
The net process can be described as:
6 HF + SiO2 → SiF2−6 + 2 H3O+
Hexafluorosilicic acid can also be produced by treating silicon tetrafluoride with hydrofluoric acid.



REACTIONS OF HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
In water, Hexafluorosilicic Acid readily hydrolyzes to hydrofluoric acid and various forms of amorphous and hydrated silica ("SiO2").
At the concentration usually used for water fluoridation, 99% hydrolysis occurs and the pH drops.
The rate of hydrolysis increases with pH.

At the pH of drinking water, the degree of hydrolysis is essentially 100%.
H2SiF6 + 2 H2O → 6 HF + "SiO2"
Near neutral pH, hexafluorosilicate salts hydrolyze rapidly according to this equation:
SiF2−6 + 2 H2O → 6 F− + SiO2 + 4 H+

Alkali and alkaline earth salts
Neutralization of solutions of Hexafluorosilicic Acid with alkali metal bases produces the corresponding alkali metal fluorosilicate salts:
H2SiF6 + 2 NaOH → Na2SiF6 + 2 H2O

The resulting salt Na2SiF6 is mainly used in water fluoridation.
Related ammonium and barium salts are produced similarly for other applications.
At room temperature 15-30% concentrated hexafluorosilicic acid undergoes similar reactions with chlorides, hydroxides, and carbonates of alkali and alkaline earth metals.

Sodium hexafluorosilicate for instance may be produced by treating sodium chloride (NaCl) by hexafluorosilicic acid:
2NaCl + H2SiF6 27 °C→ Na2SiF6↓ + 2 HClBaCl2 + H2SiF6 27 °C→ BaSiF6↓ + 2 HCl
Heating sodium hexafluorosilicate gives silicon tetrafluoride:[9]: 8 
Na2SiF6 >400 °C→ SiF4 + 2 NaF



AIR AND WATER REACTIONS OF HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
Hexafluorosilicic Acid fumes in air.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is soluble in water with release of heat and corrosive fumes.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
Hexafluorosilicic Acid can react with strong acids (such as sulfuric acid) to release fumes of toxic hydrogen fluoride.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid attacks glass and materials containing silica.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid reacts exothermically with chemical bases (examples: amines, amides, inorganic hydroxides).

Hexafluorosilicic Acid reacts with active metals, including iron and aluminum to dissolve the metal and liberate hydrogen and/or toxic gases.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid can initiate polymerization in certain alkenes.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid reacts with cyanide salts and compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide.

Additional gas-generating reactions may occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), and carbonates.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid can catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid decomposes when heated to the boiling point to produce very toxic and corrosive hydrogen fluoride gas.



STRUCTURE OF HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
The hydrogen bonding between the fluoride and protons are indicated by dashed lines.
Color code: green = F, orange = Si, red = O, gray = H.
Structure of (H5O2)2SiF6.

The hydrogen bonding between the fluoride and protons are indicated by dashed lines.
Color code: green = F, orange = Si, red = O, gray = H.
Hexafluorosilicic Acid has been crystallized as various hydrates.

These include (H5O2)2SiF6, the more complicated (H5O2)2SiF6·2H2O, and (H5O2)(H7O3)SiF6·4.5H2O.
In all of these salts, the octahedral hexafluorosilicate anion is hydrogen bonded to the cations.
Aqueous solutions of Hexafluorosilicic Acid are often described as H2SiF6.



PRODUCTION AND PRINCIPAL REACTIONS OF HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
Hexafluorosilicic Acid is produced commercially from fluoride-containing minerals that also contain silicates.
Specifically, apatite and fluorapatite are treated with sulfuric acid to give phosphoric acid, a precursor to several water-soluble fertilizers.
This is called the wet phosphoric acid process.

As a by-product, approximately 50 kg of Hexafluorosilicic Acid is produced per tonne of HF owing to reactions involving silica-containing mineral impurities.
Some of the hydrogen fluoride (HF) produced during this process in turn reacts with silicon dioxide (SiO2) impurities, which are unavoidable constituents of the mineral feedstock, to give silicon tetrafluoride.

Thus formed, the silicon tetrafluoride reacts further with HF.
The net process can be described as:
6 HF + SiO2 → SiF2−6 + 2 H3O+
Hexafluorosilicic Acid can also be produced by treating silicon tetrafluoride with hydrofluoric acid.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
Molecular Weight: 144.091 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 143.98299557 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 143.98299557 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0Ų
Heavy Atom Count:7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 62.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Weight： 144.09

Exact Mass： 143.98300
EC Number 241-034-8
HScode： 28111990
PSA： 0
XLogP3： 2.36540
Appearance： Clear colorless Liquid
Density： 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C
Melting Point： No melting point
Boiling Point： 120 °C (approx)
Flash Point： 108-109°C
Refractive Index： 1.35
Water Solubility： H2O: 1 mg/mL, clear, colorless
Storage Conditions： −20°C
Flammability characteristics： Decomposition by heat produces toxic hydrogen fluoride gas
Boiling point: 108-109°C
Density 1.22 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.) 1.31 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 23hPa at 19.85℃
refractive index: 1.3500
Flash point: 108-109°C
storage temp.: −20°C
solubility: H2O: 1 mg/mL, clear, colorless
form: Liquid
pka: 1.83[at 20 ℃]

color: Clear colorless
Specific Gravity: 1.38 (40%)
Water Solubility: Miscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 0: forms stable aqueous solutions
Merck: 14,4182
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 2.5 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 250 mg/m3; TWA 2.5 mg/m3
Stability: Stable in aqueous solution.
InChIKey: AUJBMDCSBIPDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 16961-83-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: FLUOSILICIC ACID
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 53V4OQG6U1
EPA Substance Registry System: Fluosilicic acid (16961-83-4)
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: light yellow
Odor: pungent
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: Not applicable

Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 1,0 - 1,2 at 10 g/l
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: completely solubleat 20 °C soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,31 g/cm3
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Boiling Point: 108°C to 109°C
Linear Formula: H2SiF6
UN Number: UN1778
Merck Index: 14,4182
Solubility Information: Miscible with water.
Formula Weight: 144.09
Density: 1.32
Chemical Name or Material: Hexafluorosilicic acid

Compound Formula: H2SiF6
Molecular Weight: 144.09
Appearance: Light yellow liquid
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 1.22 g/mL @ 20°C
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 143.982996
Monoisotopic Mass: 143.982996
Linear Formula: H2SiF6
MDL Number: MFCD00036289
EC No.: 241-034-8
Pubchem CID: 1.11373E+15
IUPAC Name: tetrafluorosilane; dihydrofluoride
SMILES: F.F.F[Si](F)(F)F
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/F4Si.2FH/c1-5(2,3)4;;/h;2*1H
InchI Key: ZEFWRWWINDLIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.22000 @ 25.00 °C.

CAS: 16961-83-4
EINECS: 241-034-8
InChI: InChI=1/FHO2Si/c1-4(2)3/h2H
InChIKey: AUJBMDCSBIPDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: F6H2Si
Molar Mass: 144.09
Density: 1.22 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)1.31 g/mL at 25 °C
Boling Point: 108-109°C
Flash Point: 108-109°C
Water Solubility: Miscible with water.
Solubility: H2O: 1mg/mL, clear, colorless
Vapor Presure: 23hPa at 19.85℃
Appearance: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.38 (40%)
Color: Clear colorless
Merck: 14,4182
pKa: 1.83[at 20 ℃]
Storage Condition: −20°C
Stability: Stable in aqueous solution.
Sensitive: 0: forms stable aqueous solutions
Refractive Index: 1.3500



FIRST AID MEASURES of HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Prevention of absorption of the fluoride ion in cases of ingestion can be obtained by giving milk, chewable calcium carbonate tablets or Milk of Magnesia to conscious victims.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
First treatment with calcium gluconate paste.
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions
Take up with liquid-absorbent and neutralising material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the
surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Acid-resistant protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Do not store in glass
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1D: Non-combustible



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Hexafluorosilicic acid
Fluorosilicic acid
16961-83-4
Dihydrogen hexafluorosilicate
Silicate(2-), hexafluoro-, dihydrogen
Silicon hexafluoride dihydride
Fluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6)
hexafluorosilicon(2-)
hydron
MFCD00036289
FLUOROSILIC ACID
Kieselfluorwasserstoffsaure
FLUOSILICIC ACID [MI]
53V4OQG6U1
DTXSID2029741
Dihydrogen hexafluorosilicate(2-)
OHORFAFFMDIQRR-UHFFFAOYSA-P
NSC-16894
hexakis(fluoranyl)silicon(2-)
hydron
FT-0626488
HYDROGEN HEXAFLUOROSILICATE (H2SIF6)
HEXAFLUOROSILICATE(2-)HYDROGEN (1:2)
FLUOSILICIC ACID (HYDROFLUOSILICIC ACID)
A811126
Q411250
J-521443
ACTH
FLUOROSILICIC ACID
FLUOSILICIC ACID
SILICOFLUORIC ACID
HEXAFLUOSILICIC ACID
Hexafluorosilic acid
HYDROFLUOSILICIC ACID
HYDROFLUOROSILICIC ACID
ACTH 1-39
Sand acid
Silicate(2-),hexafluoro-,hydrogen (1:2)
Silicate(2-),hexafluoro-,dihydrogen
Fluosilicic acid
Dihydrogen hexafluorosilicate
Hexafluorosilicic acid
Hydrofluorosilicic acid
Fluorosilicic acid
Fluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6)
Silicon hexafluoride dihydride
Dihydrogen hexafluorosilicate(2-)
Hydrogen hexafluorosilicate (H2SiF6)
NSC 16894
Hydrosilicofluoric acid
1309-45-1
12672-67-2
1202864-64-9
Fluorosilicic acid
Hexafluorosilicic acid
Hydrogen hexafluorosilicate
Fluosilicic acid
Dihydrogen hexafluorosilicate
Dihydrogen hexafluorosilicate (2-)
FKS
Hexafluorosilicic acid
Hexafluosilicic acid
Hydrofluorosilicic acid
Hydrofluosilicic acid
Hydrogen hexafluorosilicate
Hydrosilicofluoric acid
Sand acid
Silicate (2-), hexafluoro-, dihydrogen
Silicofluoric acid
Silicofluoride
Silicon hexafluoride dihydride
Silicate(2-), hexafluoro-, hydrogen (1:2)
16961-83-4
hexafluorosilicate
Fluorosilicic acid
SILICOFLUORIC ACID
HYDROFLUOSILICIC ACID
Hydrofluosilicic acid
Hexafluorosilicic Acid
HYDROSILICOFLUORIC ACID
HYDROFLUOROSILICIC ACID
silicate(2-), hexafluoro-
HYDROGEN HEXAFLUOROSILICATE
tetrafluorosilane dihydrofluoride

Hexafluorozirconic acid is a chemical compound with the molecular formula H2ZrF6.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is an inorganic acid that is composed of zirconium (Zr) and fluorine (F) atoms.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is highly soluble in water and forms a colorless to pale yellow solution.

CAS Number: 12021-95-3
EC Number: 234-619-9



APPLICATIONS


Hexafluorozirconic acid is commonly used in metal surface treatment processes, such as etching, cleaning, and passivation.
Hexafluorozirconic acid finds application in the aerospace industry for surface preparation of metal components prior to coating or painting.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is used in the automotive industry for the removal of rust, scale, and oxide layers from metal surfaces.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is employed in the electronics industry for the cleaning and etching of printed circuit boards (PCBs) during the manufacturing process.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is used in the production of ceramic coatings, providing enhanced durability and corrosion resistance.
Hexafluorozirconic acid finds application in the manufacturing of refractory materials, ceramics, and glass.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is utilized as an additive in electrolytes for energy storage devices, such as batteries and fuel cells, to enhance their performance.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is employed in the production of zirconium-based catalysts for various organic reactions.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is used as a flux in soldering and brazing processes to facilitate the flow and adhesion of solder or brazing material.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is utilized in the production of specialty glasses with high refractive indices and optical properties.
Hexafluorozirconic acid finds application in the manufacturing of pigments and dyes, providing coloration and UV resistance.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is used in water treatment processes to adjust pH levels and aid in the removal of certain impurities.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is employed in the synthesis of zirconium compounds, such as zirconium dioxide (ZrO2).
Hexafluorozirconic acid is used as a raw material in the production of zirconium salts for various applications.
Hexafluorozirconic acid finds application in the production of high-quality ceramic tiles with enhanced strength and resistance properties.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is utilized in the fabrication of optical fibers for telecommunications and fiber-optic applications.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is used in the formulation of specialty coatings and paints for corrosion protection.
Hexafluorozirconic acid finds application in the manufacturing of dental ceramics and dental prosthetics.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is used in the production of abrasives and grinding materials for various industries.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is employed in the formulation of specialty adhesives and sealants.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other zirconium compounds and complex materials.
Hexafluorozirconic acid finds application in the production of specialty ceramics, such as ceramic membranes and filters.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is utilized in the surface treatment of metal alloys to enhance their corrosion resistance.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is used in the formulation of specialty detergents and cleaning agents.
Hexafluorozirconic acid finds application in the preservation and restoration of historical metal artifacts and artworks.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is used in the manufacturing of electroplating solutions for metal finishing processes.

Hexafluorozirconic acid finds application in the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for metal surfaces, such as pipes and tanks.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is utilized in the formulation of specialty glass-cleaning solutions for optical lenses and glassware.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is employed in the treatment of aluminum surfaces to improve adhesion for subsequent processes.

Hexafluorozirconic acid finds application in the production of flame-retardant materials, such as fire-resistant coatings and textiles.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is used in the formulation of specialty paints and coatings for high-performance industrial applications.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is employed in the preparation of metal catalysts for chemical reactions and industrial processes.
Hexafluorozirconic acid finds application in the manufacturing of high-quality ceramic capacitors for electronic devices.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is used in the production of specialty ceramics for advanced structural and functional applications.
Hexafluorozirconic acid finds application in the formulation of specialty adhesives for high-strength bonding applications.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is utilized in the manufacturing of corrosion inhibitors for various metal surfaces and systems.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is employed in the production of dental materials, such as dental cements and dental restorations.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is used in the formulation of specialty metalworking fluids and cutting oils.
It finds application in the treatment of metal alloys for improved surface hardness and wear resistance.

The acid is employed in the production of heat-resistant materials, such as refractory bricks and liners.
Hexafluorozirconic acid finds application in the formulation of specialty coatings for solar panels and photovoltaic devices.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is used in the manufacturing of catalysts for selective hydrogenation reactions in the chemical industry.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is utilized in the formulation of specialty detergents for industrial cleaning applications.
Hexafluorozirconic acid finds application in the production of high-quality pigments for ink and paint industries.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is employed in the treatment of metal surfaces prior to adhesive bonding in aerospace applications.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is used in the production of specialty ceramics used in the semiconductor industry.
Hexafluorozirconic acid finds application in the formulation of specialty lubricants and anti-friction coatings.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is utilized in the synthesis of zirconium-based nanoparticles for various advanced materials.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is used in the production of specialty resins and polymers with enhanced heat and chemical resistance.
Hexafluorozirconic acid finds application in the formulation of specialty concrete additives for improved strength and durability.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (H2ZrF6) has several applications across various industries due to its unique properties.
Here are some common applications of hexafluorozirconic acid:

Metal surface treatment:
Hexafluorozirconic acid is widely used for etching, cleaning, and passivating metal surfaces, especially in the aerospace, automotive, and electronics industries.
Hexafluorozirconic acid helps to remove impurities and provide a clean and activated surface for subsequent processes like plating or coating.

Ceramic production:
The acid is utilized in the manufacturing of ceramic products, including ceramic coatings, tiles, and refractory materials.
Hexafluorozirconic acid helps improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of ceramics, enhancing their performance and durability.

Electronics manufacturing:
Hexafluorozirconic acid is employed in the electronics industry for various purposes.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is used in the etching of printed circuit boards (PCBs) to remove unwanted copper traces and create circuit patterns.
Hexafluorozirconic acid also finds use in cleaning semiconductor surfaces during the fabrication of electronic components.

Catalyst synthesis:
Hexafluorozirconic acid serves as a precursor in the synthesis of zirconium-based catalysts.
These catalysts find applications in a wide range of organic reactions, including polymerization, hydrogenation, and oxidation processes.

Specialty glasses:
Hexafluorozirconic acid is used in the production of specialty glasses, such as high-refractive-index glasses and glass coatings.
Hexafluorozirconic acid contributes to the optical properties and stability of these glasses, making them suitable for applications in optics, lasers, and telecommunications.

Electrolyte additives:
Hexafluorozirconic acid is utilized as an additive in electrolytes for energy storage devices, including batteries and fuel cells.
Hexafluorozirconic acid helps improve the ionic conductivity and stability of the electrolyte, enhancing the performance and efficiency of these energy storage systems.

Flux in soldering and brazing:
Hexafluorozirconic acid is employed as a flux in soldering and brazing processes.
Hexafluorozirconic acid helps to remove metal oxide layers and promote wetting between the solder or brazing material and the metal surface, ensuring strong and reliable bonds.

Pigments and dyes:
Hexafluorozirconic acid is used in the production of certain pigments and dyes, particularly those based on zirconium compounds.
These pigments find application in paints, coatings, plastics, and textiles, providing coloration and UV resistance.

Water treatment:
Hexafluorozirconic acid is sometimes used in water treatment processes to control pH levels and remove impurities.
Hexafluorozirconic acid can be employed to adjust the alkalinity or acidity of water and aid in the precipitation or removal of specific ions.

Laboratory reagent:
Hexafluorozirconic acid serves as a useful laboratory reagent for various chemical reactions and research purposes.
Hexafluorozirconic acid can be utilized as a source of zirconium ions or as a strong acid in certain experimental setups.



DESCRIPTION


Hexafluorozirconic acid is a chemical compound with the molecular formula H2ZrF6.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is an inorganic acid that is composed of zirconium (Zr) and fluorine (F) atoms.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is highly soluble in water and forms a colorless to pale yellow solution.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is commonly used in various industrial applications, particularly in the field of metal surface treatment, ceramic production, and electronics manufacturing.
Hexafluorozirconic acid possesses strong acidic properties and reacts with a wide range of metals, metal oxides, and metal salts.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is an inorganic compound with a molecular formula of H2ZrF6.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a strong acidic odor.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is highly soluble in water, forming a clear and acidic solution.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is corrosive and can cause severe burns to the skin and eyes.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is primarily used in metal surface treatment processes, such as etching, cleaning, and passivation.
Hexafluorozirconic acid reacts with various metals, metal oxides, and metal salts, forming stable complexes.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is employed in the production of ceramic coatings, providing enhanced durability and corrosion resistance.
Hexafluorozirconic acid serves as a raw material in the synthesis of zirconium compounds, such as zirconium dioxide (ZrO2).
Hexafluorozirconic acid finds application in the electronics industry for etching and cleaning semiconductor surfaces.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is utilized in the preparation of zirconium-based catalysts for organic reactions.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is a source of zirconium fluoride, which is used as a flux in soldering and brazing processes.

Hexafluorozirconic acid can be employed in the production of specialty glasses, ceramics, and pigments.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is used as an additive in electrolytes for energy storage devices, including batteries and fuel cells.
Hexafluorozirconic acid exhibits strong oxidizing properties and can react with reducing agents, releasing toxic fluorine gas.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is highly reactive with alkaline substances, forming water-insoluble zirconium compounds.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is a hazardous substance that should be handled with appropriate safety precautions.
Hexafluorozirconic acid should be stored in tightly sealed containers away from heat, moisture, and incompatible substances.

Hexafluorozirconic acid is classified as a dangerous goods item and must be transported in accordance with regulations.
Hexafluorozirconic acid has a molecular weight of approximately 207.21 grams per mole.
Its boiling point is around 150-160 degrees Celsius.
Hexafluorozirconic acid can release irritating or toxic fumes when heated or exposed to fire.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is soluble in polar solvents such as acetone, methanol, and ethanol.

Hexafluorozirconic acid has a strong affinity for hydroxide ions, making it a potent acid in aqueous solutions.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is stable under normal conditions but can decompose at elevated temperatures.
Hexafluorozirconic acid is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications, particularly in the fields of metal surface treatment, ceramics, and electronics.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: H2ZrF6
Molecular Weight: 207.22 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless or pale yellow liquid
Odor: Sharp, pungent odor
Density: 2.49 g/cm³
Melting Point: -15.3°C (-4.5°F)
Boiling Point: 150°C (302°F)
Solubility: Soluble in water and organic solvents like ethanol and acetone
pH: Highly acidic, typically below 1
Vapor Pressure: Low to moderate vapor pressure
Viscosity: Relatively low viscosity
Flammability: Not flammable
Reactivity: Highly reactive with strong oxidizing agents and bases
Stability: Stable under normal conditions, but may decompose upon heating or exposure to certain conditions
Corrosivity: Highly corrosive to metals and may cause damage to reactive surfaces
Hygroscopicity: Absorbs moisture from the air, forming hydrates
Toxicity: Can cause severe irritation and burns to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system
Hazardous Combustion Products: Hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas and toxic fumes
Environmental Impact: Harmful to aquatic life and the environment, should be handled with care
Reactivity with Water: Reacts exothermically with water, releasing hydrogen fluoride gas
Oxidizing Properties: Can act as an oxidizing agent in certain reactions
Dissociation: Partially dissociates in water, releasing hydrogen ions (H+) and hexafluorozirconate ions (ZrF6^2-)



FIRST AID


General Advice:

Ensure personal protective equipment (PPE) is worn by individuals providing first aid.
Keep contaminated individuals warm and at rest.
Prevent further exposure and avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
Promptly remove contaminated clothing and wash thoroughly before reuse.
If necessary, transfer the individual to a medical facility for further evaluation and treatment.

Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air and ensure they are in a well-ventilated area.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available and seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, perform artificial respiration and seek medical help.

Skin Contact:

Immediately remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use mild soap if available.
Avoid using hot water, as it may increase absorption through the skin.
Seek medical attention if irritation, redness, or pain persists after thorough rinsing.

Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes gently but thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, keeping the eyelids open to ensure thorough flushing.
Remove contact lenses, if applicable, after initial rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if there are no initial symptoms of irritation or pain.

Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water, but do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
If the person is conscious and alert, provide small sips of water to rinse the mouth and drink water in small amounts to dilute the acid.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious or convulsing person.
Seek immediate medical attention.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing to prevent skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Handle in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to maintain air quality and prevent the buildup of fumes.

Avoid Inhalation:
Avoid breathing in vapors or mists.
If working in an enclosed space, use respiratory protection such as a properly fitted NIOSH-approved respirator.

Contamination Prevention:
Prevent contamination of other materials by using dedicated equipment and containers for handling the acid.
Avoid contact with incompatible substances.

Spill and Leak Response:
In the event of a spill or leak, contain the area and prevent further release into the environment.
Absorb small spills with an inert absorbent material and dispose of it according to regulations.


Storage:

Storage Area:
Store hexafluorozirconic acid in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials, sources of ignition, and direct sunlight.

Temperature Control:
Maintain storage temperature below 30°C (86°F) to prevent decomposition or hazardous reactions.

Containers:
Use appropriate containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass, that are tightly sealed to prevent leaks or spills.

Labeling:
Clearly label containers with the product name, concentration, hazard symbols, and any necessary warning information.

Accessibility:
Store containers in a designated area, clearly marked and accessible only to authorized personnel who are trained in handling hazardous chemicals.

Separation:
Separate hexafluorozirconic acid from incompatible substances, including strong oxidizing agents, bases, and reactive metals.

Secondary Containment:
Consider using secondary containment measures, such as spill containment pallets, to prevent leaks or spills from reaching the surrounding environment.



SYNONYMS


Zirconium hexafluoride
Zirconium fluoride
Zirconium(IV) fluoride
Zirconium(IV) hexafluoride
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate
Zirconium fluoride hydrate
Zirconium(IV) fluoride solution
Zirconium hexafluoride solution
Zirconium(IV) fluoride complex
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hydrate complex
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate complex
Zirconium fluoride complex solution
Zirconium fluoride hydrate complex solution
Hexafluorozirconic acid solution
Hexafluorozirconic acid hydrate
Hexafluorozirconic acid hydrate solution
Hexafluorozirconic acid hexahydrate
Hexafluorozirconic acid hexahydrate solution
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate solution
Zirconium hexafluoride hydrate
Zirconium hexafluoride hydrate solution
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hydrate solution
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate hydrate solution
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate hydrate complex
Zirconium fluoride hexahydrate hydrate complex solution
Zirconium(IV) hexafluorozirconate
Zirconium(IV) hexafluoride complex
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hydrate complex
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate hydrate complex solution
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate hydrate complex solution
Zirconium fluoride hexahydrate hydrate complex
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate hydrate
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate hydrate solution
Hexafluorozirconate acid
Hexafluorozirconate hydrate
Hexafluorozirconate solution
ZrF6
Zirconium(IV) fluoride solution
Zirconium(IV) fluoride complex solution
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hydrate solution
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate solution
Zirconium hexafluoride hydrate complex
Zirconium hexafluoride hydrate complex solution
Zirconium hexafluoride hydrate solution
Zirconium hexafluorozirconate hydrate
Zirconium hexafluorozirconate hydrate solution
Zirconium hexafluorozirconate solution
Zirconium fluoride complex solution
Zirconium fluoride hydrate complex solution
Zirconium fluoride hydrate solution
Zirconium(IV) hexafluoride acid
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate acid
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hydrate acid solution
Hexafluorozirconic acid hydrate complex
Hexafluorozirconic acid hexahydrate hydrate complex
Hexafluorozirconic acid hexahydrate hydrate complex solution
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate hydrate complex acid
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate hydrate complex acid solution
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate hydrate acid
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate hydrate acid solution
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate hydrate acid complex
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate hydrate acid complex solution
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate hydrate acid solution
Zirconium(IV) fluoride hexahydrate hydrate acid complex
Hexafluorozirconic acid hexahydrate hydrate acid
Hexafluorozirconic acid hexahydrate hydrate acid solution
Hexafluorozirconic acid hexahydrate hydrate acid complex
Zirconium hexafluoride hydrate acid complex
Zirconium hexafluoride hydrate acid complex solution
Zirconium hexafluoride hydrate acid solution
Zirconium hexafluoride hydrate acid
Zirconium hexafluoride hydrate acid solution
Zirconium hexafluoride hydrate acid complex
Zirconium hexafluorozirconate hydrate acid
Zirconium hexafluorozirconate hydrate acid solution

HHPA;NT 907; C6H10(CO)2O; Araldite HT 907; Lekutherm Hardener H; Hexahydrophthalic an; CALCIUM 2-NAPTHYLPHOSPHATE; Hexahydro benzoicanhydride; HEXAHYDROPHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE; Hexahydrophthalsureanhydrid CAS NO:85-42-7

Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is white or of-white powder or crystalline powder, and odorless.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is a solution of dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate containing a small percentage of hydrogen fluoride and used in the phosphating process for metal plating.


CAS Number: 12021-95-3
EC Number: 234-666-0
MDL Number: MFCD00082965
Molecular Formula: F4Zr.2FH
Linear Formula: H2ZrF6


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is an inorganic compound that exists in two forms: a solid and a liquid.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is a solution of dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate containing a small percentage of hydrogen fluoride and used in the phosphating process for metal plating.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is an alternative to nickel in this process because nickel is subject to environmental regulation.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) reduces considerably the formation of sludge byproducts compared to zinc-phosphate-based systems and it also can be plugged into production lines easily, with little or no modifications.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is the preferred choice when replacing zinc-phosphate ahead of an electrocoat painting system.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is a non-flammable.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is white or of-white powder or crystalline powder, and odorless.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is incompatible with strong acids, bases, and should be stored away from metals as contact with metals can result in the release of hydrogen gas that can be explosive.
This mixture is predominantly composed of 45% dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate(2-), 54.5% water and hydrofluoric acid comprising approximately 0.5%.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is very soluble in N,N-Dimethylformamide, Soluble in methanol, Sparingly soluble in glacial acetic acid, Very slightly soluble in chloroform, and Practically insoluble in water.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is known to have chemical formula F6H2Zr with molecular weight of 207.23 g/mol.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is also utilized in medical & pharmaceutical industries for various formulations.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is completely free from impurities and can be availed at highly competitive rates in bulk amounts.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is a light green liquid


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is a colorless, odorless liquid mixture, completely soluble in water and stable under recommended storage conditions.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is corrosive to metals.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is a colorless and transparent liquid, which is acidic and has a specific gravity of about 1.48.
At room temperature, when the concentration exceeds 42%, Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is precipitated.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is an organic compound with the formula H2ZrF6.


With the CAS registry number 12021-95-3, Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is also named as fluorozirconic acid.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA)'s category is Inorganics.
Besides, Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) should be stored in a a cool closed and well-ventilated place.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is a colorless and transparent liquid, which is acidic and has a specific gravity of about 1.48.
At room temperature, when the concentration exceeds 42%, Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is precipitated.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is a colorless liquid with a characteristic smell odor of hydrogen fluoride.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID (HFZA):
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used in based surface pretreatments on steel for corrosion resistance.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used Preparation of titania photocatalyst synthesized from the ionic-liquid-like precursor.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used synthesis of fluoride-releasing dental monomers.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is also used in optical glass, salt manufacturing, in chromate solution can improve the corrosion resistance of steel, zinc, lead and other metals.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used in the manufacture of optical glass and fluorozirconate.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used for metal surface treatment and cleaning.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used in the pre-treatment of aluminum prior to surface finishing, for example, prior to painting aluminum beverage cans, automotive surfaces and appliances.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used for Electroplating.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used in wool, leather industry, atomic energy industry and the production of advanced electrical materials, refractories.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used in the following products, often in combination with our Fluorotitanic Acid:


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used Aluminium pre-treatment solutions chrome-free processes.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used Metal surface treatment, Automotive, and Paint.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is a highly reactive compound that is used in a variety of scientific and industrial applications.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is primarily used as a catalyst in the synthesis of organic compounds, as a reagent in the synthesis of fluorinated compounds, and as a reagent for the production of fluorinated polymers.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is also used in the manufacture of semiconductor materials and in the production of high-strength glass.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is mainly used in manufacturing of optical glass and fluozirconate.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used in based surface pretreatments on steel for corrosion resistance
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used Preparation of titania photocatalyst synthesized from ionic-liquid-like precursor


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used for metal surface treatment and cleaning, also used in the atomic energy industry and advanced electrical materials, refractory production
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used as precursor to ZrO2 ceramic thin films.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used commonly in industrial settings as a precursor material for the manufacture of films used to coat ceramics, to synthesize glass used in prescription eyeglasses and as a common corrosion inhibitor on steel and other metal surfaces.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used Synthesis of fluoride-releasing dental monomer


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used as precursor to ZrO2 ceramic thin films
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used in the pre-treatment of aluminum prior to surface finishing, for example, prior to painting aluminum beverage cans, automotive surfaces and appliances.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is also used in optical glass, zirconium fluoride acid salt manufacturing, in chromate solution can improve the corrosion resistance of steel, zinc, lead and other metals.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used as a precursor to ZrO2 ceramic thin films.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used as raw materials for zirconium, magnesium alloy, catalyst, steel and non-ferrous metal alloy, as well as atomic energy industry and advanced electrical materials, refractories, electric vacuum technology materials, optical glass materials, pyrotechnics, ceramics, enamel and glass production.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) finds most common application for preparation of photocatalysts, titanium dioxide, & thin films of zirconium oxide.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) can be used for metal surface preparation and cleaning.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is also used for treatment of metal's surface so as to improve its properties.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is also used in wool, leather garment industry, atomic energy industry and production of advanced electrical materials and refractory materials.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) can be used for surface pretreatments on steel for corrosion resistance.


Uses of Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA): Surface treatment; Electroplating; Aluminium lacquering in chrome-free processes. Metal Industry; Corrosion inhibitor in surface pre-treatment (aluminium and other metals).
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is mainly used as corrosion inhibitor by customers active in the metal and coatings industry.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) has multiple uses in inorganic chemical reactions such as the preparation of titanium oxide photocatalysts and zirconium oxide thin films.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is mainly used as corrosion inhibitor by customers active in the metal and coatings industry.


American Elements can produce most materials in high purity and ultra high purity (up to 99.99999%) forms and follows applicable ASTM testing standards; a range of grades are available including Mil Spec (military grade), ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade, Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade, Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia).


Further, Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used for surface pretreatments on steel to prevent corrosion.
In addition to this, Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used in the production of the atomic energy industry, advanced electrical materials and refractories.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) does show highest effectiveness on aluminium though it can be used on other metals as well.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used electroplating, aluminum lacquering in chrome-free processes, synthesis of fluoride-releasing dental monomers, as a precursor of ZrO2 ceramic films as well as metal surface passivation.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) reduces the occurrence of sludge as a side product – e.g. in Zincphosphate based systems


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is often used in the form of fluozirconate, as raw materials for zirconium chemical compounds, magnesium alloys, catalysts, steel and non-ferrous metal alloys, as well as atomic energy industry and advanced electrical materials, refractory materials, electrical vacuum technology materials, optical glass Raw materials, pyrotechnics, ceramics, etc.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used Surface treatment; Electroplating; Aluminium lacquering in chrome-free processes.
Metal Industry uses of Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA); Corrosion inhibitor in surface pre-treatment (aluminium and other metals).
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used for the production of the atomic energy industry, advanced electrical materials and refractories.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is often used in the form of fluozirconate, as raw materials for zirconium chemical compounds, magnesium alloys, catalysts, steel and non-ferrous metal alloys, as well as atomic energy industry and advanced electrical materials, refractory materials, electrical vacuum technology materials, optical glass Raw materials, pyrotechnics, ceramics, etc.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is mainly used in metal surface treatment and cleaning
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA)'s also used in the wool, leather industry and the atomic energy industry and advanced electrical materials, refractory production etc.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used for metal surface treatment and cleaning, as well as for atomic energy industry and production of advanced electrical materials and refractories.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is mainly used in manufacturing of optical glass and fluozirconate.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used for metal surface treatment and cleaning, as well as for wool, leather garment industry, atomic energy industry and production of high-grade electrical materials and refractories.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used for metal surface and coating.


Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used in manufacturing of optical glass and fluozirconate.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) acts as a precursor to zirconium dioxide ceramic thin films.


-Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used:
*electroplating
*aluminum lacquering in chrome-free processes
*synthesis of fluoride releasing dental monomers, as a precursor of ZrO2 ceramic films as well as metal surface passivation
*Hexafluorozirconic acid reduces the occurrence of sludge as a side product – e.g. in Zincphosphate based systems



FEATURES OF HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID (HFZA):
*Optimum quality
*Accurate composition
*Long shelf life



FUNCTION OF HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID (HFZA):
* Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used for the manufacture of optical glass and fluorozirconate.
* Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used for metal surface treatment and cleaning, also used in wool, leather garment industry, atomic energy industry and production of advanced electrical materials and refractory materials
* Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used for metal surfaces and coatings, etc.



SYNTHESIS METHOD OF HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID (HFZA):
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) can be synthesized in a number of ways, including the reaction of zirconium dioxide with hydrogen fluoride, the reaction of zirconium oxychloride with hydrofluoric acid, and the reaction of zirconium tetrachloride with hydrofluoric acid.
The reaction of zirconium dioxide with hydrogen fluoride is the most commonly used method of synthesis.
In this method, zirconium dioxide is reacted with hydrogen fluoride in an aqueous solution at a temperature of approximately 70°C.
The reaction produces Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA), which is then isolated and purified by distillation.



SYNTHESIS METHOD DETAILS OF HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID (HFZA):
Design of the Synthesis Pathway
The synthesis of Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) can be achieved through the reaction of Zirconium(IV) oxide with Hydrogen fluoride gas.
Starting Materials:
Zirconium(IV) oxide, Hydrogen fluoride gas



REACTION OF HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID (HFZA):
Zirconium(IV) oxide is added to a reaction vessel, and Hydrogen fluoride gas is introduced into the reaction vessel.
The reaction mixture is heated to a temperature of 150-200°C.
The reaction proceeds to form Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA).
The Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is then purified through distillation or precipitation methods



SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH APPLICATION OF HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID (HFZA):
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used in a variety of scientific research applications, including the synthesis of organic compounds, the synthesis of fluorinated compounds, and the production of fluorinated polymers.
Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is also used in the production of semiconductor materials and in the manufacture of high-strength glass.
In addition, Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is used as a reagent in the synthesis of organometallic compounds and in the production of high-performance polymers.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID (HFZA):
The mechanism of action of Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) is not fully understood.
It is believed that Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) acts as a Lewis acid, which means that it can form a bond with an electron-rich species, such as a Lewis base.
This bond can then be used to catalyze the formation of a new bond between two molecules.
Additionally, Hexafluorozirconic acid (HFZA) can act as a nucleophile, which means that it can react with electron-deficient species, such as electrophiles.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID (HFZA):
Molecular Weight： 207.23000
Exact Mass： 205.91100
XLogP3： 2.74620
Appearance： Clear Colourless solution
Density： 1.52
Flash Point： None
CAS No.: 12021-95-3
Molecular Formula: F4Zr.2FH
Molecular weight: 207.23
Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid
Density: 1.512 g/mL at 25 °C
Molecular Formula: F6H2Zr
Molecular Weight: 205.215
Flash Point: None
Exact Mass: 203.896225
LogP: 2.74620
Stability: Stable.
Molecular Weight: 207.23 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 205.910768 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 205.910768 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 19.1

Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Compound Formula: F6H2Zr
Molecular Weight: 207.23
Appearance: Colorless to Pale Blue or Green liquid
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 1.512 g/mL
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 205.910774
Monoisotopic Mass: 205.910774
Boiling point: 100℃[at 101 325 Pa]
Density: 1.512 g/mL at 25 °C
solubility: Miscible with acid-base solutions.
form: Liquid
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 5 mg/m3; STEL 10 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 5 mg/m3; STEL 10 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.
CAS DataBase Reference: 12021-95-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Zirconate(2-), hexafluoro-, dihydrogen, (OC-6-11)- (12021-95-3)

CAS Number: 12021-95-3
EC Numberr: 234-666-0
PubChem CID: 14299283
Chemical Name: Hexafluorozirconic acid 45% w/v aqueous solution
IUPAC Name: tetrafluorozirconium;dihydrofluoride
Synonym: Dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate
InChI: InChI=1S/6FH.Zr/h6*1H;/q;;;;;;+4/p-4
InChIKey: DXIGZHYPWYIZLM-UHFFFAOYSA-J
SMILES: F.F.F[Zr](F)(F)F
MDL Number: MFCD00082965
CAS NO.: 12021-95-3
Other Name: Fluozirconic Acid, hexafluorozirconate(2-)
EINECS No.: 234-666-0
Molecula Formula(MF): H2ZrF6
HS Code: 28261990.90
Formula Weight: 207
Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid.
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available

Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: Not applicable
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility at 20 °C: soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,512 g/mL at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID (HFZA):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID (HFZA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID (HFZA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID (HFZA):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID (HFZA):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1D:
Non-combustible



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID (HFZA):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Fluozirconic Acid
hexafluorozirconate(2-)
Dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate;
Zirconate(2-),hexafluoro-,hydrogen (1:2),(OC-6-11)-
Zirconate(2-),hexafluoro-,dihydrogen
Zirconate(2-),hexafluoro-,dihydrogen,(OC-6-11)-
Hydrogen hexafluorozirconate(IV)
Fluozirconic(IV) acid (H2ZrF6)
Dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate(2-)
Fluorozirconic acid
Hydrogen zirconium fluoride (H2ZrF6)
Hexafluorozirconium acid
Nanotex ZR 16
59597-78-3
Zirconate(2-), hexafluoro-
Hexafluorozirconic acid
Hexafluorozirconate(2-)
Hydrogen zirconium fluoride
EINECS 234-666-0
hexafluorozirconium(2-),hydron
MFCD00082965
Dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate
Hexafluorozirconic acid
tetrafluorozirconium;dihydrofluoride
Zirconate(2-), hexafluoro-, dihydrogen, (OC-6-11)-
Hexafluorzirkonsaurelosung
AKOS015903617
zirconium(IV) fluoride dihydrofluoride
FT-0627006
J-521444
Q62018152
FLUOROZIRCONIC ACID
fluorozirconic
DIHYDROGEN HEXAFLUOROZIRCONATE
Fluorozirconate
Fluorozirconate acid
Hexafluorozirconic a
Hexafluozirconic acide
HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID
Hexafluorozirconicacid98%
Fluorozirconic acid(H2ZrF6)
dihydrogen,(oc-6-11)-zirconate(2-hexafluoro-
fluorozirconic
Zirconate(2-),hexafluoro-,dihydrogen
Fluorozirconic acid
hexafluorozirconic acid solution
dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate(2-)
dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate solution
hydrogen zirconium fluoride solution
dihydrogen,(oc-6-11)-zirconate(2-hexafluoro-
fluorozirconic
Zirconate(2-),hexafluoro-,dihydrogen
DIHYDROGEN HEXAFLUOROZIRCONATE
FLUOROZIRCONIC ACID
HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID
Dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate solution
Hexafluorozirconic acid solution
Hexafluorozirconic acid solution
Dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate,
45% w/w aq., Zirconate(2-)
hexafluoro-, dihydrogen
Fluorozirconic acid
Dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate solution
Hydrogen zirconium fluoride
Zirconate(2-), hexafluoro-, hydrogen (1:2), (OC-6-11)-
Dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate solution
Hydrogen zirconium fluoride

Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is a colorless, odorless liquid mixture, completely soluble in water and stable under recommended storage conditions.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is corrosive to metals.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is an inorganic compound that exists in two forms: a solid and a liquid.


CAS Number: 12021-95-3
EC Number: 234-666-0
MDL Number: MFCD00082965
Molecular Formula: F6H2Zr


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is a solution of dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate containing a small percentage of hydrogen fluoride and used in the phosphating process for metal plating.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is an alternative to nickel in this process because nickel is subject to environmental regulation.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % reduces considerably the formation of sludge byproducts compared to zinc-phosphate-based systems and it also can be plugged into production lines easily, with little or no modifications.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is a colorless and transparent liquid, which is acidic and has a specific gravity of about 1.48.


At room temperature, when the concentration exceeds 42%, Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is precipitated.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is an organic compound with the formula H2ZrF6.
With the CAS registry number 12021-95-3, Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is also named as fluorozirconic acid.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 %'s category is Inorganics.
Besides, Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % should be stored in a a cool closed and well-ventilated place.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is white or of-white powder or crystalline powder, and odorless.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is a solution of dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate containing a small percentage of hydrogen fluoride and used in the phosphating process for metal plating.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is very soluble in N,N-Dimethylformamide, Soluble in methanol, Sparingly soluble in glacial acetic acid, Very slightly soluble in chloroform, and Practically insoluble in water.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is known to have chemical formula F6H2Zr with molecular weight of 207.23 g/mol.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is a colorless and transparent liquid, which is acidic and has a specific gravity of about 1.48.
At room temperature, when the concentration exceeds 42%, Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is precipitated.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is a colorless liquid with a characteristic smell odor of hydrogen fluoride.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is incompatible with strong acids, bases, and should be stored away from metals as contact with metals can result in the release of hydrogen gas that can be explosive.


This mixture is predominantly composed of 45% dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate(2-), 54.5% water and hydrofluoric acid comprising approximately 0.5%.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is the preferred choice when replacing zinc-phosphate ahead of an electrocoat painting system.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is a non-flammable.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is white or of-white powder or crystalline powder, and odorless.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is also utilized in medical & pharmaceutical industries for various formulations.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is completely free from impurities and can be availed at highly competitive rates in bulk amounts.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is a light green liquid



USES and APPLICATIONS of HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID 45 %:
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used in the pre-treatment of aluminum prior to surface finishing, for example, prior to painting aluminum beverage cans, automotive surfaces and appliances.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used in based surface pretreatments on steel for corrosion resistance.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used Preparation of titania photocatalyst synthesized from the ionic-liquid-like precursor.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is also used in optical glass, salt manufacturing, in chromate solution can improve the corrosion resistance of steel, zinc, lead and other metals.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used electroplating, aluminum lacquering in chrome-free processes, synthesis of fluoride-releasing dental monomers, as a precursor of ZrO2 ceramic films as well as metal surface passivation.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used commonly in industrial settings as a precursor material for the manufacture of films used to coat ceramics, to synthesize glass used in prescription eyeglasses and as a common corrosion inhibitor on steel and other metal surfaces.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used as precursor to ZrO2 ceramic thin films.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used in the manufacture of optical glass and fluorozirconate.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used for metal surface treatment and cleaning.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used synthesis of fluoride-releasing dental monomers.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used for Electroplating.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used in wool, leather industry, atomic energy industry and the production of advanced electrical materials, refractories.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used for metal surface treatment and cleaning, as well as for wool, leather garment industry, atomic energy industry and production of high-grade electrical materials and refractories.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used for metal surface and coating.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used for metal surface treatment and cleaning, also used in the atomic energy industry and advanced electrical materials, refractory production
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used Aluminium pre-treatment solutions chrome-free processes.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used Metal surface treatment, Automotive, and Paint.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is a highly reactive compound that is used in a variety of scientific and industrial applications.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is primarily used as a catalyst in the synthesis of organic compounds, as a reagent in the synthesis of fluorinated compounds, and as a reagent for the production of fluorinated polymers.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is also used in the manufacture of semiconductor materials and in the production of high-strength glass.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is mainly used in metal surface treatment and cleaning
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 %'s also used in the wool, leather industry and the atomic energy industry and advanced electrical materials, refractory production etc.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % reduces the occurrence of sludge as a side product – e.g. in Zincphosphate based systems
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used for metal surface treatment and cleaning, as well as for atomic energy industry and production of advanced electrical materials and refractories.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is mainly used in manufacturing of optical glass and fluozirconate.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used as raw materials for zirconium, magnesium alloy, catalyst, steel and non-ferrous metal alloy, as well as atomic energy industry and advanced electrical materials, refractories, electric vacuum technology materials, optical glass materials, pyrotechnics, ceramics, enamel and glass production.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used Synthesis of fluoride-releasing dental monomer
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used as precursor to ZrO2 ceramic thin films
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used in the pre-treatment of aluminum prior to surface finishing, for example, prior to painting aluminum beverage cans, automotive surfaces and appliances.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is often used in the form of fluozirconate, as raw materials for zirconium chemical compounds, magnesium alloys, catalysts, steel and non-ferrous metal alloys, as well as atomic energy industry and advanced electrical materials, refractory materials, electrical vacuum technology materials, optical glass Raw materials, pyrotechnics, ceramics, etc.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is also used in optical glass, zirconium fluoride acid salt manufacturing, in chromate solution can improve the corrosion resistance of steel, zinc, lead and other metals.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used as a precursor to ZrO2 ceramic thin films.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % finds most common application for preparation of photocatalysts, titanium dioxide, & thin films of zirconium oxide.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % can be used for metal surface preparation and cleaning.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is also used for treatment of metal's surface so as to improve its properties.


Uses of Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 %: Surface treatment; Electroplating; Aluminium lacquering in chrome-free processes. Metal Industry; Corrosion inhibitor in surface pre-treatment (aluminium and other metals).
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is also used in wool, leather garment industry, atomic energy industry and production of advanced electrical materials and refractory materials.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % can be used for surface pretreatments on steel for corrosion resistance.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used Surface treatment; Electroplating; Aluminium lacquering in chrome-free processes.
Metal Industry uses of Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 %; Corrosion inhibitor in surface pre-treatment (aluminium and other metals).


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used for the production of the atomic energy industry, advanced electrical materials and refractories.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % does show highest effectiveness on aluminium though it can be used on other metals as well.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is mainly used as corrosion inhibitor by customers active in the metal and coatings industry.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is often used in the form of fluozirconate, as raw materials for zirconium chemical compounds, magnesium alloys, catalysts, steel and non-ferrous metal alloys, as well as atomic energy industry and advanced electrical materials, refractory materials, electrical vacuum technology materials, optical glass Raw materials, pyrotechnics, ceramics, etc.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used in manufacturing of optical glass and fluozirconate.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % has multiple uses in inorganic chemical reactions such as the preparation of titanium oxide photocatalysts and zirconium oxide thin films.


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is mainly used as corrosion inhibitor by customers active in the metal and coatings industry.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % acts as a precursor to zirconium dioxide ceramic thin films.
Further, Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used for surface pretreatments on steel to prevent corrosion.


In addition to this, Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used in the production of the atomic energy industry, advanced electrical materials and refractories.
American Elements can produce most materials in high purity and ultra high purity (up to 99.99999%) forms and follows applicable ASTM testing standards; a range of grades are available including Mil Spec (military grade), ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade, Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade, Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia).


Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is mainly used in manufacturing of optical glass and fluozirconate.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used in based surface pretreatments on steel for corrosion resistance
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used Preparation of titania photocatalyst synthesized from ionic-liquid-like precursor.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % does show highest effectiveness on aluminium though it can be used on other metals as well.


-Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used:
*electroplating
*aluminum lacquering in chrome-free processes
*synthesis of fluoride releasing dental monomers, as a precursor of ZrO2 ceramic films as well as metal surface passivation
*Hexafluorozirconic acid reduces the occurrence of sludge as a side product – e.g. in Zincphosphate based systems



FEATURES OF HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID 45 %:
*Optimum quality
*Accurate composition
*Long shelf life



FUNCTION OF HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID 45 %:
* Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used for the manufacture of optical glass and fluorozirconate.
* Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used for metal surface treatment and cleaning, also used in wool, leather garment industry, atomic energy industry and production of advanced electrical materials and refractory materials
* Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used for metal surfaces and coatings, etc.



SYNTHESIS METHOD OF HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID 45 %:
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % can be synthesized in a number of ways, including the reaction of zirconium dioxide with hydrogen fluoride, the reaction of zirconium oxychloride with hydrofluoric acid, and the reaction of zirconium tetrachloride with hydrofluoric acid.
The reaction of zirconium dioxide with hydrogen fluoride is the most commonly used method of synthesis.
In this method, zirconium dioxide is reacted with hydrogen fluoride in an aqueous solution at a temperature of approximately 70°C.
The reaction produces Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 %, which is then isolated and purified by distillation.



SYNTHESIS METHOD DETAILS OF HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID 45 %:
Design of the Synthesis Pathway
The synthesis of Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % can be achieved through the reaction of Zirconium(IV) oxide with Hydrogen fluoride gas.
Starting Materials:
Zirconium(IV) oxide, Hydrogen fluoride gas



REACTION OF HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID 45 %:
Zirconium(IV) oxide is added to a reaction vessel, and Hydrogen fluoride gas is introduced into the reaction vessel.
The reaction mixture is heated to a temperature of 150-200°C.
The reaction proceeds to form Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 %.
The Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is then purified through distillation or precipitation methods



SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH APPLICATION OF HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID 45 %:
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used in a variety of scientific research applications, including the synthesis of organic compounds, the synthesis of fluorinated compounds, and the production of fluorinated polymers.
Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is also used in the production of semiconductor materials and in the manufacture of high-strength glass.
In addition, Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is used as a reagent in the synthesis of organometallic compounds and in the production of high-performance polymers.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID 45 %:
The mechanism of action of Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % is not fully understood.
It is believed that Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % acts as a Lewis acid, which means that it can form a bond with an electron-rich species, such as a Lewis base.
This bond can then be used to catalyze the formation of a new bond between two molecules.
Additionally, Hexafluorozirconic acid 45 % can act as a nucleophile, which means that it can react with electron-deficient species, such as electrophiles.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID 45 %:
CAS Number: 12021-95-3
EC Numberr: 234-666-0
PubChem CID: 14299283
Chemical Name: Hexafluorozirconic acid 45% w/v aqueous solution
IUPAC Name: tetrafluorozirconium;dihydrofluoride
Synonym: Dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate
InChI: InChI=1S/6FH.Zr/h6*1H;/q;;;;;;+4/p-4
InChIKey: DXIGZHYPWYIZLM-UHFFFAOYSA-J
SMILES: F.F.F[Zr](F)(F)F
MDL Number: MFCD00082965
CAS NO.: 12021-95-3
Other Name: Fluozirconic Acid, hexafluorozirconate(2-)
EINECS No.: 234-666-0
Molecula Formula(MF): H2ZrF6
HS Code: 28261990.90
Formula Weight: 207
Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid.
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: Not applicable
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility at 20 °C: soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,512 g/mL at 25 °C

Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Weight： 207.23000
Exact Mass： 205.91100
XLogP3： 2.74620
Appearance： Clear Colourless solution
Density： 1.52
Flash Point： None
CAS No.: 12021-95-3
Molecular Formula: F4Zr.2FH
Molecular weight: 207.23
Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid
Density: 1.512 g/mL at 25 °C
Molecular Formula: F6H2Zr
Molecular Weight: 205.215
Flash Point: None
Exact Mass: 203.896225
LogP: 2.74620
Stability: Stable.
Molecular Weight: 207.23 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 205.910768 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 205.910768 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area: 0Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 19.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Compound Formula: F6H2Zr
Molecular Weight: 207.23
Appearance: Colorless to Pale Blue or Green liquid
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 1.512 g/mL
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 205.910774
Monoisotopic Mass: 205.910774
Boiling point: 100℃[at 101 325 Pa]
Density: 1.512 g/mL at 25 °C
solubility: Miscible with acid-base solutions.
form: Liquid
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 5 mg/m3; STEL 10 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 5 mg/m3; STEL 10 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.
CAS DataBase Reference: 12021-95-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Zirconate(2-), hexafluoro-, dihydrogen, (OC-6-11)- (12021-95-3)



FIRST AID MEASURES of HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID 45 %:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID 45 %:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.




FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID 45 %:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID 45 %:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID 45 %:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only
to qualified or authorized persons.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1D:
Non-combustible



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID 45 %:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Hexafluorozirconic acid solution
Dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate,
45% w/w aq., Zirconate(2-)
hexafluoro-, dihydrogen
Fluorozirconic acid
Dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate solution
Hydrogen zirconium fluoride
Zirconate(2-), hexafluoro-, hydrogen (1:2), (OC-6-11)-
Dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate solution
Hydrogen zirconium fluoride
Fluozirconic Acid
hexafluorozirconate(2-)
Dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate;
Zirconate(2-),hexafluoro-,hydrogen (1:2),(OC-6-11)-
Zirconate(2-),hexafluoro-,dihydrogen
Zirconate(2-),hexafluoro-,dihydrogen,(OC-6-11)-
Hydrogen hexafluorozirconate(IV)
Fluozirconic(IV) acid (H2ZrF6)
Dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate(2-)
Fluorozirconic acid
Hydrogen zirconium fluoride (H2ZrF6)
Hexafluorozirconium acid
Nanotex ZR 16
59597-78-3
Zirconate(2-), hexafluoro-
Hexafluorozirconic acid
Hexafluorozirconate(2-)
Hydrogen zirconium fluoride
EINECS 234-666-0
hexafluorozirconium(2-),hydron
MFCD00082965
Dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate
Hexafluorozirconic acid
tetrafluorozirconium;dihydrofluoride
Zirconate(2-), hexafluoro-, dihydrogen, (OC-6-11)-
Hexafluorzirkonsaurelosung
AKOS015903617
zirconium(IV) fluoride dihydrofluoride
FT-0627006
J-521444
Q62018152
FLUOROZIRCONIC ACID
fluorozirconic
DIHYDROGEN HEXAFLUOROZIRCONATE
Fluorozirconate
Fluorozirconate acid
Hexafluorozirconic a
Hexafluozirconic acide
HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID
Hexafluorozirconicacid98%
Fluorozirconic acid(H2ZrF6)
dihydrogen,(oc-6-11)-zirconate(2-hexafluoro-
fluorozirconic
Zirconate(2-),hexafluoro-,dihydrogen
Fluorozirconic acid
hexafluorozirconic acid solution
dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate(2-)
dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate solution
hydrogen zirconium fluoride solution
dihydrogen,(oc-6-11)-zirconate(2-hexafluoro-
fluorozirconic
Zirconate(2-),hexafluoro-,dihydrogen
DIHYDROGEN HEXAFLUOROZIRCONATE
FLUOROZIRCONIC ACID
HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID
Dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate solution
Hexafluorozirconic acid solution

DESCRIPTION:

Hexahydroaniline is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class.
Hexahydroaniline is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants.
Hexahydroaniline has a fishy odor and is miscible with water.



CAS NUMBER: 108-91-8

EC NUMBER: 203-629-0

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C6H13N

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 99.1741




DESCRIPTION:

Like other amines, Hexahydroaniline is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but it is a stronger base than its aromatic analog, aniline.
Hexahydroaniline, also known as cyclohexylamine, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H13NH2.
Hexahydroaniline is a cyclic aliphatic amine derived from cyclohexane.
Hexahydroaniline consists of a six-membered ring of carbon atoms with an amino group (-NH2) attached to one of the carbon atoms.

Hexahydroaniline is a colorless liquid with a strong, ammonia-like odor.
Hexahydroaniline is soluble in water and many organic solvents.
Hexahydroaniline is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and rubber chemicals.
Hexahydroaniline is also used as a corrosion inhibitor, a solvent in the synthesis of dyes and resins, and as a stabilizer in the synthesis of polyurethanes.
Hexahydroaniline is a moderately hazardous substance, and proper safety precautions should be taken when handling it.

Hexahydroaniline is a useful intermediate in the production of many other organic compounds (e.g. cyclamate)
Hexahydroaniline is typically used as an intermediate in synthesis for different herbicides, antioxidants and pharmaceuticals.
Hexahydroaniline is clear colorless to pale yellow liquid with an amine-like odor, no visible impurities.
Hexahydroaniline is a strong organic caustic liquid.
Hexahydroaniline can form azeotrope with water at 96.40°C.

Hexahydroaniline is miscible with water and all common organic solvents.
Hexahydroaniline is mainly used for producing (Beet) molasses, cyclone, amide, nylon 6,cellulose acetate and rubber accelerator, sweetening agent, the agent for preventing corrode, emulsion, antiseptic, antistatic agent, latex cement, oil additive, germicide, pesticide and dyestuff medium, etc.
Hexahydroaniline appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of ammonia.
Flash point is 90 °F.

Hexahydroaniline has less dense than water.
Hexahydroaniline's vapor is heavier than air.
Hexahydroaniline is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.
Hexahydroaniline has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Hexahydroaniline is a conjugate base of a cyclohexylammonium.

Hexahydroaniline is the six-membered alicyclic hydrocarbon consisting of six carbon atoms linked to each other to form a ring, with each carbon atom bearing two hydrogen atoms, C6H12.
Hexahydroaniline is an organic compound that contains one or more closed rings of carbon atoms.
Hexahydroaniline is a colorless, highly flammable, mobile liquid with a pungent odor.

Hexahydroaniline is insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, ether, and almost organic solvents.
Hexahydroaniline is a non-corrosive and quick volatilize liquid and sublimes between -5 to 5 C.
Hexahydroaniline can exist in a number of interconvertible three-dimensional conformations, the two simplest being are the chair and boat conformation and others include the half-chair and twist-chair conformation.

Hexahydroaniline can cause irritation to the eyes and mucous membranes in workers.
Repeated and prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.
Hexahydroaniline has not been shown to cause the hematologic changes associated with exposure to benzene.
Hexahydroaniline occurs naturally in crude oils.

Hexahydroaniline is recovered from petroleum streams by fractionation.
The bulky commercial production of Hexahydroaniline is based on hydrogenation of benzene in closed system.
Hexahydroaniline is linked almost entirely to nylon production.
Hexahydroaniline is used as a solvent, oil extractant, paint and varnish remover, dry cleaning material, and in solid fuels.
Hexahydroaniline has been used as a insecticide itself.

Hexahydroaniline is used as a chemical intermediate to produce target molecules.
Natural compounds of one to five alicyclic rings with great variety and complexity are found particularly in steroids and terpenes.
Hexahydroaniline structure, six membered-ring, is one of the major skeleton in nature.
Hexahydroaniline derivatives can be used for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, herbicides, plant growth regulator, plasticizers, rubber chemicals, cycloamines and other organic compounds.
Hexahydroaniline is a colorless liquid.

Hexahydroaniline is used as a precursor to prepare corrosion inhibitors, desulfurizers, antistatic agents, vulcanization accelerators, food additive sweeteners, emulsifiers, latex coagulants, petroleum product additives, fungicides, and insecticides.
Hexahydroaniline is used as a solvent in the synthesis of an inorganic-organic hybrid semiconductor, and nanocomposites.
Hexahydroaniline is mainly used as an intermediate for organic synthesis, especially for herbicides, antioxidants & vulcanization accelerator, corrosion inhibitors and artificial sweetener.




USAGE:

Hexahydroaniline is an important organic chemical raw material.
Hexahydroaniline is mainly used as an intermediate for organic synthesis, especially for herbicides, antioxidants&vulcanization accelerator, corrosion inhibitors, artificial sweetener etc.
Hexahydroaniline is also used to make rubber accelerator CZ and sweet-element.
Additionally, Hexahydroaniline also can be used to make cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, emulsifying agent, preservative, antistatic agent, gelling agent, and petroleum additive.
Hexahydroaniline has several usage areas in various industries.
Some of the common applications of hexahydroaniline include:


-Chemical Intermediates:

Hexahydroaniline is widely used as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals.
Hexahydroaniline serves as a building block in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and rubber chemicals.
Hexahydroaniline can undergo further reactions to create a variety of compounds with diverse applications.


-Corrosion Inhibitors:

Hexahydroaniline is employed as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metals from rust and corrosion.
Hexahydroaniline can be added to cooling water systems, metal cleaning solutions, and oil field equipment to prevent or minimize the damage caused by corrosive substances.


-Solvent and Diluent:

Hexahydroaniline is used as a solvent and diluent in different industries.
Hexahydroaniline can dissolve a range of substances, making it suitable for applications such as paint and coating formulations, ink production, and the synthesis of dyes and resins.


-Rubber Industry:

Hexahydroaniline is utilized in the rubber industry as an accelerator or activator in the vulcanization process of rubber.
Hexahydroaniline aids in the cross-linking of rubber molecules, improving the strength, elasticity, and durability of rubber products.


-Polyurethane Production:

Hexahydroaniline is employed as a stabilizer or chain extender in the synthesis of polyurethanes.
Hexahydroaniline helps control the reaction rate, molecular weight, and properties of the polyurethane polymers.
Polyurethanes find applications in various industries, including automotive, construction, furniture, and textiles.


-Pharmaceutical Industry:

Hexahydroaniline is utilized as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals.
Hexahydroaniline can be involved in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and other important pharmaceutical compounds.
Hexahydroaniline's important to note that the specific usage and applications of hexahydroaniline can vary depending on the industry and intended purpose.
Hexahydroaniline should be handled and used in accordance with safety guidelines and appropriate precautions.




APPLICATIONS:

Hexahydroaniline is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds.
Hexahydroaniline is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization.
Hexahydroaniline is a building block for pharmaceuticals (e.g., mucolytics, analgesics, and bronchodilators).
The amine itself is an effective corrosion inhibitor.
The herbicide hexazinone and the anesthetic hexylcaine are derived from cyclohexylamine.
Hexahydroaniline has been used as a flushing aid in the printing ink industry.



APPLICATION AREAS:

-electronic chemical
-solder flux activator




PREPARATION:

Hexahydroaniline is produced by two routes, the main one being the complete hydrogenation of aniline using some cobalt- or nickel-based catalysts:

C6H5NH2 + 3 H2 → C6H11NH2

Hexahydroaniline is also prepared by alkylation of ammonia using cyclohexanol.



SPECIFICATIONS:

-Appearance: Colorless or light yellow transparent liquid; no visible impurities
-Cyclohexylamine: ≥99.5%
-Aniline: ≤0.10%
-Dicyclohexylamine: ≤0.10%
-Moisture: ≤0.20%



SPECIFICATIONS:

-Melting Point: -17.0°C
-Density: 0.8665g/mL
-Boiling Point: 133.0°C to 134.0°C
-Flash Point: 27°C
-Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
-Assay Percent Range: 98.5% min. (GC)
-Linear Formula: C6H11NH2
-Refractive Index: 1.4580 to 1.4600
-Viscosity: 2.4 mPa.s (20°C)
-Formula Weight: 99.18
-Percent Purity: 99%
-Physical Form: Liquid
-Chemical Name or Material: Cyclohexylamine



PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 99.17 g/mol
-XLogP3: 1.5
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
-Rotatable Bond Count: 0
-Exact Mass: 99.104799419 g/mol
-Monoisotopic Mass: 99.104799419 g/mol
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 26Ų
-Heavy Atom Count: 7
-Complexity: 46.1
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-PHYSICAL STATE: Clear to yellow liquid with fishy odor
-MELTING POINT: -17.5 C
-BOILING POINT: 134.5 C
-SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 0.86
-SOLUBILITY IN WATER: miscible (1.00E+06 mg/l at 20 C)
-pH: 10.5
-VAPOR DENSITY: 3.42
-log Pow: 1.49 (Octanol-water)
-VAPOR PRESSURE: 10.1 (mmHg at 25 C)
-HENRY'S LAW: 4.16E-06 (atm-m3/mole at 25 C)
-OH RATE: 5.54E-11 (cm3/molecule-sec at 25 C Atmospheric )
-AUTOIGNITION: 560 C
-NFPA RATINGS: Health: 3; Flammability: 3; Reactivity: 0
-REFRACTIVE INDEX: 1.4565
-FLASH POINT: 28.5 C
-STABILITY: Stable under ordinary conditions



STORAGE:

Store in cool, dry and airiness place; far away from fire and heat, toxic chemicals.



SYNONYM:

hexahydro-anilin
cyclohexyl-amine
cyclohexaneamine
AMINOCYCLOHEXANE
monocyclohexyl amine
1-Aminocyclohexane
NH2-cyclo-C6H11
CHA
Cyclohexylamin
CHA-60
Cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexanamine
Cyclohexanamine
108-91-8
Aminocyclohexane
Hexahydroaniline
Hexahydrobenzenamine
Aminohexahydrobenzene
1-Cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexyl amine
1-Aminocyclohexane
Aniline, hexahydro-
Benzenamine, hexahydro-
Aminocylcohexane
cyclohexyl-amine
CCRIS 3645
HSDB 918
UNII-I6GH4W7AEG
1-AMINO-CYCLOHEXANE
cyclohexaneamine
I6GH4W7AEG
monocyclohexylamine
EINECS 203-629-0
BRN 0471175
DTXSID1023996
CHEBI:15773
AI3-15323
Cyclohexylamine.HCl
UN2357
157973-60-9
DTXCID203996
EC 203-629-0
4-12-00-00008 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MFCD00001486
Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive]
Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive]
CAS-108-91-8
HAI
GLIPIZIDE IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY)
GLIPIZIDE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
cyclohexanamin
cylohexylamine
Ciclohexanamina
Ciclohexilamina
Sykloheksylamin
cyclohexylarnine
cyclo-hexylamine
cyclohexane-amine
n-cyclohexylamine
cyclohexanyl amine
Hexahydro-Aniline
4-Cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexylamine,(S)
Hexahydro-Benzenamine
Cyclohexanamine, 9CI
CyNH2
CHA (CHRIS Code)
Cyclohexylamine, 99.5%
bmse000451
D07KVF
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI]
BIDD:ER0290
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [HSDB]
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [INCI]
GTPL5507
CHEMBL1794762
BDBM81970
Cyclohexylamine [Cyclohexanamine]
BCP30928
Tox21_202380
Tox21_300038
LS-473
NA2357
STK387114
AKOS000119083
Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
UN 2357
VS-0326
Aminocyclohexane pound>>Hexahydroaniline
NCGC00247889-01
NCGC00247889-02
NCGC00253922-01
NCGC00259929-01
AM802905
BP-21278
CAS_108-91-8
NCI60_004907
Cyclohexylamine 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.9%
FT-0624217
EN300-16958
C00571
J-002206
J-520164
Q1147539
F2190-0381

Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade consists of a ring structure of cyclohexane to which two carboxylic acid groups are attached.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is a glassy solid.


CAS Number: 85-42-7
EC Number: 201-604-9
MDL number: MFCD00005926
Molecular Formula: C8H10O3


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is dry powder or solid in various forms, or clear, colorless, viscous liquid.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is only slightly soluble in water, but reacts slowly on contact with it to form hexahydrophthalic acid.
Dry storage is therefore required.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is readily soluble in various organic solvents such as acetone, ethanol, benzene or chloroform.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade has high-temperature stability, excellent dielectric properties, and high glass transition temperatures.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade consists of a ring structure of cyclohexane to which two carboxylic acid groups are attached.


These are located on adjacent carbon atoms of the cyclohexane, are connected via an oxygen atom and together form an anhydride.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade can be formed from this by absorbing a water molecule.
The double functional group results in the reactivity of Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade and its suitability as a comonomer for polymerizations.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is a glassy solid.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is a glassy solid.
At room temperature, Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is already close to its melting point and can therefore easily be processed as a melt or liquid.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is colorless and odorless.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade fumes are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade reacts with strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, amines and alcohols, generating a lot of heat.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade attacks iron and reacts with it to form self-igniting iron phthalate.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is flammable, but not explosive.
When heated and burned, Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade decomposes into hazardous gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is a saturated dicarboxylic anhydride and will undergo most of the reactions typical of this class of compounds.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is supplied as a white low-melting solid (38°C) which is miscible with most organic solvents.
In water, Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade hydrolyzes to hexahydrophthalic acid.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is a very effective curing agent for epoxy resins.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade belongs to a group of organic compounds called acid anhydrides.
In component epoxy resins, they serve as hardeners, which bind covalently to 2 molecules, allowing polymerisation.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is a cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of hexahydrophthalic acid.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade has a role as an allergen.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is a cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride and a tetrahydrofurandione.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is stored in a dark and dry place at room temperature.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.


Instead, Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is produced from phthalic anhydride by a nuclear hydrogenation.
The addition of six hydrogen atoms in this reaction gives Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade its name.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is a cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of hexahydrophthalic acid.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade has a role as an allergen.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is a cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride and a tetrahydrofurandione.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is white crystalline powder.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is a cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of hexahydrophthalic acid.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is a cyclic anhydride that can be used for a variety of applications such as: plasticizer, rust inhibitor, and a curing agent for epoxy based resins.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is non flammable.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE:
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is used in the following products: coating products and polymers.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles.


Other release to the environment of Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is used in the following products: polymers.


Release to the environment of Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and as processing aid.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is used in the following products: polymers and coating products.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is used for the manufacture of chemicals.
Release to the environment of Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is used when maximum resistance to yellowing and premium optical and electrical performance are required.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is mainly used in the chemical industry as a monomer for polymerization processes.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is used anhydride curing agent, coating, epoxy curing agent, polyester resin, adhesive, plasticizer, antirust intermediate; epoxy curing agent, raw material of polyurethane / polyester resin for coating; organic raw material; organic chemical raw material; chemical raw material; raw material; functional additive chemical raw material


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is widely used in the production and processing of plastics, paints and fine chemicals, and in the manufacture of electrical machines.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade belongs to the cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides.


However, Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is not usually the direct result of dehydration of the corresponding carboxylic acid.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is used as a starting material for the manufacture of polyester resins, binders and paints.
Among other things, Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade contributes to greater weather resistance of the polymerization product and better resistance to UV light.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is compared to phthalic anhydride and isophthalic acid, which are cheaper to produce, the compound also causes the polymers produced to have a lower viscosity.
Application examples of Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade: Production of polyester resins, binders and paints, use as anhydride for curing epoxy resins, raw material for PVC plasticizers, intermediate product for alkyd resins and rust inhibitors


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is mainly used as an intermediate for coating resins (alkyds, polyesters), plasticizers, sealant, curing agent in adhesive, insect repellents, rust inhibitors, electronics applications.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade’s low melt viscosity, as well as its high mix ratio with epoxy resins, makes it particularly suitable as hardener for epoxy resin for applications where high filler loadings are required.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is preferred over other aromatic anhydrides in casting and coating applications for his higher resistance to yellowing.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is also used in the preparation of alkyd and polyester resins where good color stability is important.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade cured epoxies are characterized by reduced color and improved electrical and physical properties as compared to amine-cured products.


The low melting point of Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade allows it to be easily handled and blended with liquid resins.
Viscosities of the Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade-epoxy mixtures are lower, pot life is extended in the absence of catalyst and curing reaction is less exothermic than with other hardeners.


Areas of application of Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade including casting, laminating, embedding, coating, and impregnating electrical components.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is widely used for electronics applications, e.g.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade cured epoxy resins have excellent dielectric properties, high-temperature stability, and high glass transition temperatures.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is used as a curing agent in adhesive coatings and sealant materials, e.g. for the second-generation two-part epoxy adhesive synthesis.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is also used in the manufacture of alkyd and polyester resins, insecticides, and rust preventives.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is used Intermediate for alkyds, plasticizers, insect repellents, and rust inhibitors; hardener in epoxy resins.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade, in combination with triethaylamine (TEA), can be used as a polymerization initiator in the preparation of polyester based resins.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade can also be used as a hardener to cure 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether which can be used as an epoxy based system for electronic devices.
Predominantly Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is a cyclic anhydride that can be used for a variety of applications such as: plasticizer, rust inhibitor, and a curing agent for epoxy based resins.


Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade, in combination with triethaylamine (TEA), can be used as a polymerization initiator in the preparation of polyester based resins.
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade can also be used as a hardener to cure 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether which can be used as an epoxy based system for electronic devices.



SYNTHESIS OF HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE:
Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade is obtained by reacting ciscyclohexane-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid with oxalyl chloride.
Combine ciscyclohexane-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid (1 mmol, 172 mg) and oxalyl chloride (1.2 mmol, 152 mg, 0.103 ml) in dry toluene (5 mL) and add a drop of freshly distilled DMF.
Purge the reaction vessel with argon and heat the reaction under stirring for 3 h.
Stop the stirring, decant the toluene solution and filter.
Evaporate the volatiles.
Transform into crystalline form by trituration with diethyl ether.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE:
Molecular Weight: 154.16 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 1.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 154.062994177 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 154.062994177 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 43.4Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 187
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

CAS Number: 85-42-7
Molecular Weight: 154.16
EC Number: 201-604-9
MDL number: MFCD00005926
Physical state: solid
Color: white
Odor: aromatic
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 32 - 34 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 158 °C at 23 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 4,2 g/l at 20 °C soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water
log Pow: 1,59 at 40 °C
Vapor pressure: 0,77 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,191 g/cm3 at 40 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

CBNumber:CB7468504
Molecular Formula:C8H10O3
Molecular Weight:154.16
MDL Number:MFCD00064863
MOL File:85-42-7.mol
Melting point: 32-34 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 158 °C17 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.18
vapor pressure: 0.31Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4620 (estimate)
RTECS: NP6895168
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Chloroform, Methanol (Slightly)
form: Solid
pka: 4.14[at 20 ℃]
color: White to Off-White
Water Solubility: 4.2g/L at 20℃

Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
BRN: 83213
Exposure limits ACGIH: Ceiling 0.005 mg/m3
Stability: Moisture Sensitive
LogP: -4.14 at 20℃
Boiling point: 564.8°F
Molecular weight: 154.17
Freezing point/melting point: 89.6°F
Vapor pressure: 5.35x10(-2)
Flash point: 300.2°F
Vapor density: 1.19
Specific gravity: 5.3
Melting Point: 32-34 °C(lit.)
Boiling Point: 283.4±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 143.9±16.5 °C
Molecular Formula: C8H10O3
Molecular Weight: 154.163
Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3



FIRST AID MEASURES of HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE:
-Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE:
-Extinguishing media
*Suitable extinguishing media
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water
system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE:
-Precautions for safe handling
*Advice on safe handling
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
*Hygiene measures
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
*Storage conditions
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE:
-Chemical stability
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions
No data available
-Conditions to avoid
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride
85-42-7
Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione
HHPA
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride
1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-
Lekutherm Hardener H
Hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride
Araldite HT 907
Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride
octahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
NT 907
Hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
NSC 8622
3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
hexahydro-1,3-isobenzofurandione
CHEBI:103210
EINECS 201-604-9
Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride
DTXSID8026515
HSDB 7912
EINECS 238-009-9
(+)-trans-1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Anhydride
MFCD00064863
1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic anhydride
EC 201-604-9
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, cis + trans
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride(HHPA)
Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione
trans-1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride
1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-, trans-
trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
NSC-8622
MFCD00674195
(3aR,7AS)-hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione
rel-(3aR,7aR)-Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione
hexahydrophtalic anhydride
Epitope ID:122664
SCHEMBL15324
3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione
CHEMBL273968
DTXCID906515
NSC8622
Tox21_200661
BBL011768
STK387488
Hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione #
2,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride
AKOS000119684
AKOS016352936
CS-W018047
DS-4586
SB44842
CAS-85-42-7
NCGC00248785-01
NCGC00258215-01
AC-19638
SY234482
LS-183520
C1417
C1657
FT-0623877
FT-0627011
FT-0637021
FT-0657907
FT-0659322
EN300-18014
D70901
A841328
A855212
J-501171
J-521450
Q26840977
Z57127491
F0001-0429
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride predominately cis
InChI=1/C8H10O3/c9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(10)11-7/h5-6H,1-4H
HHPA
cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
1,2-CYCLOHEXANEDICARBOXYLIC ANHYDRIDE
Hexahydro-isobenzofuran-1,3-dione
1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-
Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (HHPA)
NT 907
C6H10(CO)2O
Araldite HT 907
RRSYY(Selfotel)-1
Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride
hexahydrophthalic anhydride
HHPSA
HH-PSA
HHPA
hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione
HHPA
1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride,
cyclohexane-1,2-dicaboxylic anhydride,
cis and trans mixture
HHPA
HHPAA
hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride,
hexahydro-1,3-isobenzofurandione
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride
Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride
HHPA
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Anhydride
MFCD00064863
EINECS 201-604-9
1,2-CYCLOHEXANE DICARBOXYLIC ANHYDRIDE
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride
Hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-
85-42-7
1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-
1,2-CYCLOHEXANDICARBONSAEUREANHYDRID
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride
anhidrido ciclohexano-1,2-dicarboxilico
Anhydride cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylique
Araldite Hardener HY 925
Araldite HT 904
Araldite HT 907
Araldite HY 907
Araldite HY 925
Cyclohexan-1,2-dicarbonsaureanhydrid
cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride
Epilox H 11-01
Hexahydro-1,3-isobenzofurandione
Hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride
Lekutherm Hardener H
NSC 8622
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE, HEXAHYDRO-
Rikacid HH
Rikacid HH-A
Rikacid HHPA
Rikacid MH 700E
Rutadur AG
Rutapox HX
EINECS 201-604-9
1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic anhydride
Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride
Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
HHPA
102483-85-2
109265-67-0
117276-22-9
95327-28-9

hexahydrophthalic anhydride Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride , also called hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) , is a chemical compound from the group of cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides . There are two carboxylic acid groups in the ortho position on a cyclohexane ring , which together form an anhydride . Extraction and representation Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride is produced by the nuclear hydrogenation of phthalic anhydride . [4] This additional process step is one reason for the higher price compared to the aromatic phthalic anhydride. Manufacture of HH-PSA Usage Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride is used as a monomer in various areas of polymer chemistry . So is z. B. to mention the application as an alternative to phthalic anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) . What is desired here is better weather resistance, especially against UV light , with high hardness at the same time, which can be achieved by using hexahydrophthalic anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ). [5] Furthermore, with the help of cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, binders, polyester resins , for paint applications with a significantly lower viscosity compared to those based on isophthalic acidbe generated. This results in a higher processing solids content which is of great interest in times when a lot of attention is paid to environmental protection . [5] Processing solids are understood to be the non-volatile content of a paint system. Since the volatile components are mostly organic solvents ( VOC ), their share should be kept as low as possible. In addition to reducing the absolute amount of paint required or switching to aqueous systems, increasing the processing solids is the best option here. In addition to being used as a binder in paints, cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride can also be used as an anhydride hardener for epoxy resins . One application would be casting resin compounds which can cure at room temperature or at elevated temperatures. The higher price compared to phthalic anhydride should also be noted here. [6] Structural formula Structural formula of hexahydrophthalic anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Structural formula of hexahydrophthalic anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) General Surname Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride other names HH-PSA 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride Hexahydrophthalic anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Molecular formula C 8 H 10 O 3 Brief description vitreous, colorless and odorless mass [1] External identifiers / databases CAS number 85-42-7 H and P phrases H: 317-318-334 P: 261-280-284-304 + 340-305 + 351 + 338 + 310 [1] Authorization procedure under REACH of particular concern : serious effects on human health are considered likely Hexahydrophthalic anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Description Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit )) is widely used for electronics applications, e.g. HHPA(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) cured epoxy resins have excellent dielectric properties, high-temperature stability, and high glass transition temperatures. HHPA(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit , Hexahydrophthalic anhydride) is used as a curing agent in adhesive coatings and sealant materials, e.g. for the second-generation two-part epoxy adhesive synthesis. Hexahydrophthalic anhydride is also used in the manufacture of alkyd and polyester resins, insecticides, and rust preventives. References [1] Guy Rabilloud, High Performance Polymers. Vol. 1 Conductive Adhesives, 1997 [2] John Burke Sullivan and Gary R. Krieger, Clinical Environmental Health and Toxic Exposures, 2001 [3] B. A. G. Jönsson, H. Welinder, C. Hansson and B. Ståhlbom, Occupational exposure to hexahydrophthalic anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) : air analysis, percutaneous absorption, and biological monitoring, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 1993, vol. 65, 43-47 Chemical Properties White crystalline powder Uses Intermediate for alkyds, plasticizers, insect repellents, and rust inhibitors; hardener in epoxy resins. Definition ChEBI: A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of hexahydrophthalic anhydride acid. (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Hazard Toxic by inhalation, strong irritant to eyes and skin. Purification Methods It has been obtained by heating the trans-acid or anhydride at 200o. Crystallise it from *C6H6/Et2O or distil it. [Kohler & Jansen J Am Chem Soc 60 2145 1938, Abell J Org Chem 22 769 1957, Beilstein 17 II 452, 17 III/IV 5931.] Hexahydrophthalic anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride Preparation Products Hexahydrophthalic anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Suppliers HHPA!is!a!solid!anhydride!hardener!for!epoxy!resins,!manufactured!by!Polynt!SpA.!Due!to!its! high!resistance!to!discoloration,!HHPA!is!preferred!over!other!alicyclic!anhydrides!in!casting!and! coating!applications.!In!addition, HHPA’s!low!melt!viscosity,!as!well!as!its!high!mix!ratio!with! epoxy,!makes!it!particularly!suitable!for!applications!where!high!filler!loadings!are!required.!! HHPA!is!also!used!as!an!intermediate!for!alkyds,!plasticizers,!insect!repellents!and!rust! inhibitors. Chemical!Name:!!!!!!!!! Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) !!! Molecular!Formula: C8H10O3 Molecular!Weight:!!! 154.17 CAS!Number:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!85R42R7 Typical$Applications$for$HHPA$Cured$Epoxy$Resins • Durable,!high!gloss,!weather!resistant!coatings!! • Potting!compounds! • Pressure!gelation!moldings!for!outdoor!electrical!applications HexaHydroPhthalic Anhydride is a white solid or clear liquid if melted with molecular formula C8H10O3. Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) HexaHydroPhthalic Anhydride Chemical Structure Composition. Uses HHPA Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) is mainly used as an intermediate for coating resins (alkyds, polyesters), plasticizers, sealant, curing agent in adhesive, insect repellents, rust inhibitors, electronics applications. HHPA’s Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) low melt viscosity, as well as its high mix ratio with epoxy resins, makes it particularly suitable as hardener for epoxy resin for applications where high filler loadings are required. HHPA Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) is preferred over other aromatic anhydrides in casting and coating applications for his higher resistance to yellowing. HHPA Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) has high-temperature stability, excellent dielectric properties, and high glass transition temperatures. Description: Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (HHPA, Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit) is a saturated dicarboxylic anhydride and will undergo most of the reactions typical of this class of compounds. It is supplied as a white low-melting solid (38°C) which is miscible with most organic solvents. In water, it hydrolyzes to hexahydrophthalic anhydride acid Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit. Application Information: Milldride HHPA Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) is a very effective curing agent for epoxy resins. It is also used in the preparation of alkyd and polyester resins where good color stability is important. HHPA Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) cured epoxies are characterized by reduced color and improved electrical and physical properties as compared to amine-cured products. The low melting point of HHPA allows it to be easily handled and blended with liquid resins. Viscosities of the HHPA-epoxy Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) mixtures are lower, pot life is extended in the absence of catalyst and curing reaction is less exothermic than with other hardeners. Areas of application including casting, laminating, embedding, coating, and impregnating electrical components. Chemical Formula: C8H10O3 Post-shift and next-morning urine was sampled from workers exposed to hexahydrophtalic anhydride (HHPA) Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) , an epoxy hardener, sensitising at low exposure levels. Exposure levels of HHPA Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) in air (gas chromatography, GC) in the range of 30-270 micrograms/m3 corresponded to urinary concentrations of 0.9-2.8 mumol hexahydrophthalic anhydride acid (HHP acid Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) ; GC-mass spectrometry)/mmol creatinine. In the morning samples the concentrations were less than 0.04-0.3 mumol HHP Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) acid/mmol creatinine. In unexposed controls, the level was less than 0.1 mumol/mmol creatinine. A correlation was found between the time-weighted levels of HHPA Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) in air and HHP acid in the post-shift urine (rs = 0.93; P less than 0.023), indicating that the determination of HHP acid Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) in urine is suitable for biologic monitoring of HHPA Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) exposure. Methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) is produced from methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride by catalytic hydrogenation. It is a high-performance product among acid anhydride-type solidifying agent, not only has the typical performances as methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride: high purity, light color liquid, low viscosity, low volatility, low toxicity, low heating loss, stable performances, long use life, low freezing point, and can be stored for a long time under room temperature; but also has more excellent performances than that of methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride: colorless, transparent, basically unchange color after being added accelerant and epoxyl solidified substance appears white; good resistance to heat, especially under the temperature lower than 150°C, epoxyl solidified substance are of excellent mechanical and electric properties, excellent weatherability, not be affected by light and heat, good moisture resistance, high reaction activity, fast solidifying speed and short gelation time. Uses: 1.as solidifying agent for epoxy resins: MHHPA hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) is heating-solidification type acid anhydride solidifying agent, mainly used in electrical and electronic field, with low melting point, the compounding matter with alicyclic epoxy resin is of low viscosity, long use life, excellent heat resistance and high-temperature electric properties, can be used in dipping of coil of electric apparatus, casting of electric parts and sealing of semiconductor. 2.as adhesive: the alicyclic epoxy adhesive made from MHHPA hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) has similar refractive index as optical glass, low internal stress after solidifying, high adhesion strength, color unchangeable, resistance to aging, applicable for cohering large-area optical parts. 3.as insecticide, plasticizer and antirust, etc. method for manufacturing hexahydrophthalic anhydride diglycidyl ester is provided to improve outdoor weather resistance with maintaining heat resistance, transparency and electrical insulation. A method for manufacturing hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) diglycidyl ester comprises the steps of mixing hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) with epichlorohydrin in the presence of a solvent to produce hexahydrodicarboxylic acid by hydrolysis; mixing hexahydrodicarboxylic acid (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) , epichlorohydrin and a catalyst to produce chlorohydrin ester capable of dechlorination; and putting the chlorohydrin ester to an alkali metal compound to produce hexahydrophthalic anhydride diglycidyl ester (See the reaction scheme). Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride , also called hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) , is a chemical compound from the group of cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides . There are two carboxylic acid groups in the ortho position on a cyclohexane ring , which together form an anhydride . Extraction and representation Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride is produced by the nuclear hydrogenation of phthalic anhydride . [4] This additional process step is one reason for the higher price compared to the aromatic phthalic anhydride. Manufacture of HH-PSA Usage Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride is used as a monomer in various areas of polymer chemistry . So is z. B. to mention the application as an alternative to phthalic anhydride . What is desired here is better weather resistance, especially against UV light , with high hardness at the same time, which can be achieved by using hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) . [5] Furthermore, with the help of cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, binders, polyester resins , for paint applications with a significantly lower viscosity compared to those based on isophthalic acidbe generated. This results in a higher processing solids content which is of great interest in times when a lot of attention is paid to environmental protection . [5] Processing solids are understood to be the non-volatile content of a paint system. Since the volatile components are mostly organic solvents ( VOC ), their share should be kept as low as possible. In addition to reducing the absolute amount of paint required or switching to aqueous systems, increasing the processing solids is the best option here. In addition to being used as a binder in paints, cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride can also be used as an anhydride hardener for epoxy resins . One application would be casting resin compounds which can cure at room temperature or at elevated temperatures. The higher price compared to phthalic anhydride should also be noted here. [6] Structural formula Structural formula of hexahydrophthalic anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Structural formula of hexahydrophthalic anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) General Surname Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride other names HH-PSA 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Molecular formula C 8 H 10 O 3 Brief description vitreous, colorless and odorless mass [1] H and P phrases H: 317-318-334 P: 261-280-284-304 + 340-305 + 351 + 338 + 310 [1] Authorization procedure under REACH of particular concern : serious effects on human health are considered likely Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Description Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA, (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) ) is widely used for electronics applications, e.g. HHPA (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride ) cured epoxy resins have excellent dielectric properties, high-temperature stability, and high glass transition temperatures. HHPA (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride ) is used as a curing agent in adhesive coatings and sealant materials, e.g. for the second-generation two-part epoxy adhesive synthesis. Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit) is also used in the manufacture of alkyd and polyester resins, insecticides, and rust preventives. References [1] Guy Rabilloud, High Performance Polymers. Vol. 1 Conductive Adhesives, 1997 [2] John Burke Sullivan and Gary R. Krieger, Clinical Environmental Health and Toxic Exposures, 2001 [3] B. A. G. Jönsson, H. Welinder, C. Hansson and B. Ståhlbom, Occupational exposure to hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) : air analysis, percutaneous absorption, and biological monitoring, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 1993, vol. 65, 43-47 Chemical Properties White crystalline powder Uses Intermediate for alkyds, plasticizers, insect repellents, and rust inhibitors; hardener in epoxy resins. Definition ChEBI: A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of hexahydrophthalic anhydride acid. (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Hazard Toxic by inhalation, strong irritant to eyes and skin. Purification Methods It has been obtained by heating the trans-acid or anhydride at 200o. Crystallise it from *C6H6/Et2O or distil it. [Kohler & Jansen J Am Chem Soc 60 2145 1938, Abell J Org Chem 22 769 1957, Beilstein 17 II 452, 17 III/IV 5931.] Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride Preparation Products Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Suppliers HHPA!is!a!solid!anhydride!hardener!for!epoxy!resins,!manufactured!by!Polynt!SpA.!Due!to!its! high!resistance!to!discoloration,!HHPA!is!preferred!over!other!alicyclic!anhydrides!in!casting!and! coating!applications.!In!addition, HHPA’s!low!melt!viscosity,!as!well!as!its!high!mix!ratio!with! epoxy,!makes!it!particularly!suitable!for!applications!where!high!filler!loadings!are!required.!! HHPA!is!also!used!as!an!intermediate!for!alkyds,!plasticizers,!insect!repellents!and!rust! inhibitors. Chemical!Name:!!!!!!!!! Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) !!! Molecular!Formula: C8H10O3 Molecular!Weight:!!! 154.17 CAS!Number:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!85R42R7 Typical$Applications$for$HHPA$Cured$Epoxy$Resins • Durable,!high!gloss,!weather!resistant!coatings!! • Potting!compounds! • Pressure!gelation!moldings!for!outdoor!electrical!applications HexaHydroPhthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) is a white solid or clear liquid if melted with molecular formula C8H10O3. Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) HexaHydroPhthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Chemical Structure Composition. Uses HHPA Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) is mainly used as an intermediate for coating resins (alkyds, polyesters), plasticizers, sealant, curing agent in adhesive, insect repellents, rust inhibitors, electronics applications. HHPA’s Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) low melt viscosity, as well as its high mix ratio with epoxy resins, makes it particularly suitable as hardener for epoxy resin for applications where high filler loadings are required. HHPA Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) is preferred over other aromatic anhydrides in casting and coating applications for his higher resistance to yellowing. HHPA Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) has high-temperature stability, excellent dielectric properties, and high glass transition temperatures. Description: Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (HHPA, (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) ) is a saturated dicarboxylic anhydride and will undergo most of the reactions typical of this class of compounds. It is supplied as a white low-melting solid (38°C) which is miscible with most organic solvents. In water, it hydrolyzes to hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) acid. Application Information: Milldride HHPA Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) is a very effective curing agent for epoxy resins. It is also used in the preparation of alkyd and polyester resins where good color stability is important. HHPA Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) cured epoxies are characterized by reduced color and improved electrical and physical properties as compared to amine-cured products. The low melting point of HHPA Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) allows it to be easily handled and blended with liquid resins. Viscosities of the HHPA-epoxy Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) mixtures are lower, pot life is extended in the absence of catalyst and curing reaction is less exothermic than with other hardeners. Areas of application including casting, laminating, embedding, coating, and impregnating electrical components. Chemical Formula: C8H10O3 Post-shift and next-morning urine was sampled from workers exposed to hexahydrophtalic anhydride (HHPA, (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) ), an epoxy hardener, sensitising at low exposure levels. Exposure levels of HHPA in air (gas chromatography, GC) in the range of 30-270 micrograms/m3 corresponded to urinary concentrations of 0.9-2.8 mumol hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) acid (HHP Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) acid; GC-mass spectrometry)/mmol creatinine. In the morning samples the concentrations were less than 0.04-0.3 mumol HHP Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) acid/mmol creatinine. In unexposed controls, the level was less than 0.1 mumol/mmol creatinine. A correlation was found between the time-weighted levels of HHPA Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) in air and HHP Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) acid in the post-shift urine (rs = 0.93; P less than 0.023), indicating that the determination of HHP acid in urine is suitable for biologic monitoring of HHPA Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) exposure. Methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) is produced from methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride by catalytic hydrogenation. It is a high-performance product among acid anhydride-type solidifying agent, not only has the typical performances as methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride: high purity, light color liquid, low viscosity, low volatility, low toxicity, low heating loss, stable performances, long use life, low freezing point, and can be stored for a long time under room temperature; but also has more excellent performances than that of methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride: colorless, transparent, basically unchange color after being added accelerant and epoxyl solidified substance appears white; good resistance to heat, especially under the temperature lower than 150°C, epoxyl solidified substance are of excellent mechanical and electric properties, excellent weatherability, not be affected by light and heat, good moisture resistance, high reaction activity, fast solidifying speed and short gelation time. Uses: 1.as solidifying agent for epoxy resins: MHHPA hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) is heating-solidification type acid anhydride solidifying agent, mainly used in electrical and electronic field, with low melting point, the compounding matter with alicyclic epoxy resin is of low viscosity, long use life, excellent heat resistance and high-temperature electric properties, can be used in dipping of coil of electric apparatus, casting of electric parts and sealing of semiconductor. 2.as adhesive: the alicyclic epoxy adhesive made from MHHPA hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) has similar refractive index as optical glass, low internal stress after solidifying, high adhesion strength, color unchangeable, resistance to aging, applicable for cohering large-area optical parts. 3.as insecticide, plasticizer and antirust, etc. method for manufacturing hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) diglycidyl ester is provided to improve outdoor weather resistance with maintaining heat resistance, transparency and electrical insulation. A method for manufacturing hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) diglycidyl ester comprises the steps of mixing hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) with epichlorohydrin in the presence of a solvent to produce hexahydrodicarboxylic acid by hydrolysis; mixing hexahydrodicarboxylic acid, epichlorohydrin and a catalyst to produce chlorohydrin ester capable of dechlorination; and putting the chlorohydrin ester to an alkali metal compound to produce hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) diglycidyl ester (See the reaction scheme). 13 2012/10/18 Member State Norway The Norwegian CA supports that hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA, (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) )fulfill the criteria of article 57 f) since evidence exists of serious effects to humans which give rise to equivalent level of concern as CMR substances. HHPA hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) is harmonized classified as a strong respiratory sensitizer (Resp. Sens. 1) in the CLP regulation and no "safe" no effect level can be derived as regards to the induction of sensitization. During the elicitation phase, the substance may evoke chronic inflammation of the lungs and this can lead to serious and permanent impairment of the lungs. The induced sensitization is irreversible, and exposure of the substance may result in a considerable increased risk of elicitation of respiratory sensitization of affected persons. This may cause limitations of normal working life and could require long term medication. We support that the criteria of article 57 f) is fulfilled and that this substance is of equivalent level of concern as CMR (Cat. 1 or 2) substances. HHPA should be identified as a SVHC substance. Member State Sweden We agree with the argumentation put forward in the Annex XV dossier and therefore consider hexahydrophthalic anhydride – HHPA hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) to be a SVHC substance of equivalent level of concern according to Article 57(f). The substance is a classified respiratory sensitizer which may cause severe and irreversible health effects, which clearly affect the quality of life of affected individuals and also high costs for society. It is difficult to establish safe exposure levels for respiratory sensitizers like HHPA hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) , which is another reason for concern. Further, it is noted that this severe endpoint has not been taken into account by registrants in their chemical safety assessment in the Registration dossier. 1. Introduction of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ), with the CAS registry number 85-42-7, is also known as 1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride, 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-. It belongs to the product categories of Diels-Alder Adducts; Organics. What's more, its systematic name is Hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione. Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) can be used as coatings, epoxy curing agent, polyester resin, adhesive, plasticizer, intermediate of plasticizers and insect repellents. This chemical should be sealed and stored in a cool, ventilated and dry place. Moreover, it should be protected from moisture, sunburn and fire. 2. Properties of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) (1)ACD/LogP: 0.762; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 0.76; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 0.76; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 2.24; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 2.24; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 61.91; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 61.91; (9)#H bond acceptors: 3; (10)#H bond donors: 0; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 0; (12)Polar Surface Area: 43.37 Å2; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.502; (14)Molar Refractivity: 36.813 cm3; (15)Molar Volume: 124.728 cm3; (16)Polarizability: 14.594×10-24cm3; (17)Surface Tension: 42.23 dyne/cm; (18)Density: 1.236 g/cm3; (19)Flash Point: 143.909 °C; (20)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 52.227 kJ/mol; (21)Boiling Point: 283.351 °C at 760 mmHg; (22)Vapour Pressure: 0.003 mmHg at 25°C. 3. Structure Descriptors of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) (1)SMILES: O=C1OC(=O)C2C1CCCC2 (2)Std. InChI: InChI=1S/C8H10O3/c9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(10)11-7/h5-6H,1-4H2 (3)Std. InChIKey: MUTGBJKUEZFXGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4. Safety Information of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Hazard Symbols:HarmfulXn Risk Codes: R41:Risk of serious damage to the eyes. R42/43:May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. Safety Description: S23:Do not breathe vapour. S24:Avoid contact with skin. S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S37/39:Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection. 5. Preparation of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) can be prepared by cyclohex-1-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride at the temperature of 95 °C. This reaction will need reagent H2 and solvent dimethylformamide with the reaction time of 3 hours. This reaction will also need catalyst Raney-Ni. The yield is about 88%. 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro- can be prepared by cyclohex-1-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride at the temperature of 95 °C 6. Uses of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) can be used to produce 2-trichloroacetyl-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid at the temperature of 60 °C. It will need reagent dibenzo-18-crown-6 and solvent acetonitrile with the reaction time of 6 hours. The yield is about 81%. 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro- can be used to produce 2-trichloroacetyl-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid at the temperature of 60 °C 7. Other details of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride(Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following: Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Hekzahidroftalik anhidrit ) has a risk of serious damage to eyes and it may cause sensitisation by inhalation and skin contact. You should not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer). When using it, you must avoid contact with skin. In case of contact with eyes, you should rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. When using it, you need wear suitable protective gloves and eye/face protection.

Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is widely used for electronics applications, e.g. HHPA cured epoxy resins have excellent dielectric properties, high-temperature stability, and high glass transition temperatures.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is used as a curing agent in adhesive coatings and sealant materials, e.g. for the second-generation two-part epoxy adhesive synthesis.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is also used in the manufacture of alkyd and polyester resins, insecticides, and rust preventives.

CAS: 85-42-7
MF: C8H10O3
MW: 154.16
EINECS: 201-604-9

Synonyms
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acid anhydride;1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-;3-Isobenzofurandione,hexahydro-1;Araldite HT 907;hexahydro-3-isobenzofurandione;Lekutherm Hardener H;NT 907;CALCIUM 2-NAPTHYLPHOSPHATE;Hexahydrophthalic anhydride;85-42-7;Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione;1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride;HHPA;1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-;Lekutherm Hardener H;Hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride;Araldite HT 907;Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride;1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride;octahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione;NT 907;hexahydro-1,3-isobenzofurandione;Hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione;NSC 8622;71749-03-6;3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione;CHEBI:103210;(+)-trans-1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Anhydride;Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride;DTXSID8026515;MFCD00064863;1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic anhydride
;1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, cis + trans;Hexahydrophthalic anhydride(HHPA);Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione;trans-1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride
;1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-, trans-;trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
;EINECS 201-604-9;NSC-8622;MFCD00674194;MFCD00674195;HSDB 7912;EINECS 238-009-9;(3aR,7AS)-hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione;rel-(3aR,7aR)-Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione;hexahydrophtalic anhydride;Epitope ID:122664;EC 201-604-9;SCHEMBL15324;3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione;CHEMBL273968;DTXCID906515;NSC8622;Tox21_200661;Hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione #;2,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride;AKOS000119684;AKOS016352936;CS-W018047;DS-4586;SB44842;CAS-85-42-7;NCGC00248785-01;NCGC00258215-01;AC-19638;SY234481;SY234482;C1417;C1657;NS00005320;EN300-18014;D70901;A841328;A855212
;J-501171;J-521450;Q26840977;Z57127491;F0001-0429;1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride predominately cis;InChI=1/C8H10O3/c9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(10)11-7/h5-6H,1-4H

A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of hexahydrophthalic acid.
Predominantly cis Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is a cyclic anhydride that can be used for a variety of applications such as: plasticizer, rust inhibitor, and a curing agent for epoxy based resins.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is mainly used as intermediate for coating resins, plasticizers, insect repellents and rust inhibitors, and as hardener for epoxy resins.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is preferred over other cyclic anhydrides in casting and coating applications for his higher resistance to yellowing.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is a cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of hexahydrophthalic acid.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) has a role as an allergen.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is a cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride and a tetrahydrofurandione.

Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 32-34 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 158 °C17 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.18
Vapor pressure: 0.31Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.4620 (estimate)
RTECS: NP6895168
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: Chloroform, Methanol (Slightly)
Form: Solid
pka: 4.14[at 20 ℃]
Color: White to Off-White
Water Solubility: 4.2g/L at 20℃
Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
BRN: 83213
Exposure limits ACGIH: Ceiling 0.005 mg/m3
Stability: Moisture Sensitive
LogP: -4.14 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 85-42-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)(85-42-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) (85-42-7)

Uses
Intermediate for alkyds, plasticizers, insect repellents, and rust inhibitors; hardener in epoxy resins.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA), in combination with triethaylamine (TEA), can be used as a polymerization initiator in the preparation of polyester based resins.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) can also be used as a hardener to cure 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether which can be used as an epoxy based system for electronic devices.
Predominantly Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is a cyclic anhydride that can be used for a variety of applications such as: plasticizer, rust inhibitor, and a curing agent for epoxy based resins.

Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA), in combination with triethaylamine (TEA), can be used as a polymerization initiator in the preparation of polyester based resins.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) can also be used as a hardener to cure 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether which can be used as an epoxy based system for electronic devices.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) can be used to produce 2-trichloroacetyl-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid at the temperature of 60 °C.
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) will need reagent dibenzo-18-crown-6 and solvent acetonitrile with the reaction time of 6 hours.
The yield is about 81%.

Synthesis
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) is obtained by reacting ciscyclohexane-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid with oxalyl chloride.
Combine ciscyclohexane-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid (1 mmol, 172 mg) and oxalyl chloride (1.2 mmol, 152 mg, 0.103 ml) in dry toluene (5 mL) and add a drop of freshly distilled DMF.
Purge the reaction vessel with argon and heat the reaction under stirring for 3 h.
Stop the stirring, decant the toluene solution and filter. Evaporate the volatiles.
Transform into crystalline form by trituration with diethyl ether. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) | 3.18 - 3.12 (m, 2H 2CH) 1.96 - 1.83 (m, 4H 2CH2) 1.57 - 1.49 (m, 4H 2CH2).
HRMS (ESI), calcd for C8H10NaO3 [M+Na]+ 175.0522, found 175.0527; calcd for C9H14NaO4 [M+CH3 OH+Na]+ 209.0784, found 209.0788.

Preparation of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) can be prepared by cyclohex-1-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride at the temperature of 95 °C.
This reaction will need reagent H2 and solvent dimethylformamide with the reaction time of 3 hours.
This reaction will also need catalyst Raney-Ni.
The yield is about 88%.

Other details of Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA)
When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride has a risk of serious damage to eyes and it may cause sensitisation by inhalation and skin contact.
You should not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer).
When using Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA), you must avoid contact with skin.
In case of contact with eyes, you should rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
When using Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA), you need wear suitable protective gloves and eye/face protection.

1,3,5,7- Tetraazaadamantane; Ammonioformaldehyde; Aceto HMT; Aminoform; Ammoform; Cystamin; Cystogen; Esametilentetramina (Italian); Formamine; Formin; Hexaform; Hexamethylenamine; Urotropin; Hexamethyleneamine; Hexamethylenetetraamine; Hexamethylentetramin (German); Hexamethylentetramine; Hexilmethylenamine; HMT; Methamin; Methenamine; Resotropin; Uritone; Urotropine; Esametilentetramina (Italian); 1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decane CAS NO:100-97-0

Hexamethyldisilazane is an organosilicon compound used primarily as a reagent and a precursor in organic synthesis and organometallic chemistry.
Hexamethyldisilazane is commonly employed as an adhesion promoter for photoresists in photolithography and as an alternative to critical point drying in electron microscopy sample preparation.
Additionally, Hexamethyldisilazane is utilized in the preparation of trimethylsilyl ethers from hydroxy compounds and in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to enhance the detectability of polar compounds.

CAS Number: 999-97-3
EC Number: 213-668-5
Molecular Formula: C6H19NSi2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 161.395

Synonyms: Hexamethyldisilazane, 999-97-3, HMDS, Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine, 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexamethyldisilazane, Hexamethylsilazane, Silanamine, 1,1,1-trimethyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-, 1,1,1-Trimethyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)silanamine, Tri-Sil, TSL 8802, hexamethyl disilazane, Disilazane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-, [dimethyl-(trimethylsilylamino)silyl]methane, NSC 93895, CCRIS 2456, SZ 6079, HSDB 7226, (TMS)2NH, EINECS 213-668-5, MFCD00008259, ((CH3)3Si)2NH, H36C68P1BH, CHEBI:85068, 1,1,3,3,3-Hexamethyldisilazane, Bis(trimethylsilyl)amidolithium, NSC-93895, Trimethyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)silanamine, OAP, Lithium hexamethyldisilazane, Lithiumbis(trimethylsilyl)amine, Hexamethyldisilazane, hexamethyldisilizane, Lithium tris(trimethylsilyl)amine, 27495-70-1, CAS-999-97-3, NSC-252161, UNII-H36C68P1BH, AI3-51467, hexamethyldisilazan, hexamethyidisilazane, hexa-methyldisilazane, hexamethyl-disilazane, bistrimethylsilylamine, hexamethyldisilylamine, Me3SiNHSiMe3, HMDZ, bis-(trimethylsilyl)amine, (Me3Si)2NH, 1,1,1,3,3,3-HEXAMETHYL-DISILAZANE, EC 213-668-5, DISILAZANE,HEXAMETHYL, HN(TMS)2, SCHEMBL7649, CHEMBL3183662, DTXSID2025395, HEXAMETHYLDISILAZANE [MI], 1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyidisilazane, HEXAMETHYLDISILAZANE [HSDB], NSC93895, STR02905, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazan, Tox21_202428, Tox21_303281, 1,1,1,3,3,3 hexamethyldisilazane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyidisilazane, 1,1,1.3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane, NSC252161, STL185550, Disilazane,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-, 1,1,1, 3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane, 1,1,1,3,3,3,-hexamethyldisilazane, AKOS000120987, ZINC169743012, NCGC00164366-01, NCGC00164366-02, NCGC00257230-01, NCGC00259977-01, BP-21394, FT-0602799, H0089, Hexamethyldisilazane, reagent grade, >=99%, Hexamethyldisilazane, ReagentPlus(R), 99.9%, Silanamine,1,1-trimethyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-, WLN: 1-SI-1&1&M-SI-1&1&1, Disilazane,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-, lithium salt, Q425001, J-519891, F0001-2345, Silanamine,1,1-trimethyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-, lithium salt, Hexamethyldisilazane, for GC derivatization, >=99.0% (GC), Hexamethyldisilazane, semiconductor grade PURANAL(TM) (Honeywell 17713), Hexamethyldisilazane, produced by Wacker Chemie AG, Burghausen, Germany, >=97.0% (GC), Hexamethyldisilazane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexamethyldisilazane, 1,1,1-Trimethyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)silanamin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 1,1,1-Trimethyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)silanamine [ACD/IUPAC Name], 1,1,1-Triméthyl-N-(triméthylsilyl)silanamine [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 213-668-5 [EINECS], 999-97-3 [RN], Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine [Wiki], disilazane, hexamethyl-, H36C68P1BH, Hexamethyldisilylamine, hmds, JM9230000, MFCD00008259 [MDL number], Silanamine, 1,1,1-trimethyl-N- (trimethylsilyl)-, Silanamine, 1,1,1-trimethyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)- [ACD/Index Name], Silazane HMN, ((CH3)3Si)2NH, (TMS)2NH, [dimethyl-(trimethylsilylamino)silyl]methane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexamethyl-disilazane, 136068-19-4 [RN], Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine; HMDS, dimethyl-[methyl(trimethylsilyl)amino]silicon, Disilazane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-, DISILAZANE,HEXAMETHYL, EINECS 213-668-5, hexamethyl disilazane, HEXAMETHYLDISILIZANE, HEXAMETHYLSIDILIZANE, Hexamethylsilazane, HMDS; Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine, NCGC00164366-01, OAP, STR02905, Trimethyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)silanamine, Tri-Sil, UNII:H36C68P1BH, UNII-H36C68P1BH, WLN: 1-SI-1&1&M-SI-1&1&1

Hexamethyldisilazane is used to trimethylsilylate alcohols, amines, thiols.
Hexamethyldisilazane can also be used for the preparation of trimethylsilyl ethers from hydroxy compounds

Hexamethyldisilazane is used as a solvent in organic synthesis and organometallic chemistry.
Hexamethyldisilazane is often used as an adhesion promoter for photoresist in photolithography.
Further, Hexamethyldisilazane is used for the preparation of trimethylsilyl ethers from hydroxy compounds.

Hexamethyldisilazane is used as an alternative to critical point drying during sample preparation in electron microscopy.
Hexamethyldisilazane is added to analyte to get silylated diagnostic products during pyrolysis in gas chromatography- mass spectrometry.

Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine (also known as hexamethyldisilazane and HMDS) is an organosilicon compound with the molecular formula [(CH3)3Si]2NH.
The molecule is a derivative of ammonia with trimethylsilyl groups in place of two hydrogen atoms.

An electron diffraction study shows that silicon-nitrogen bond length (173.5 pm) and Si-N-Si bond angle (125.5°) to be similar to disilazane (in which methyl groups are replaced by hydrogen atoms) suggesting that steric factors are not a factor in regulating angles in this case.
This colorless liquid is a reagent and a precursor to bases that are popular in organic synthesis and organometallic chemistry.
Additionally, Hexamethyldisilazane is also increasingly used as molecular precursor in chemical vapor deposition techniques to deposit silicon carbonitride thin films or coatings.

Hexamethyldisilazane can be, at times, a good substitute for critical point drying CPD, especially for those laboratories not having available a good critical point dryer.
Because of Hexamethyldisilazane generally rapid infiltration, Hexamethyldisilazane is ideal for the preparation of insect tissue.
However, do not expect the results, in general, to be as one would get with the use of a good critical point dryer.

Remember, we "recommend" the use of Hexamethyldisilazane only when a good operating CPD unit is just not available.
Until recently, the main application for Hexamethyldisilazane has been in life science microscopy but in more recent years, interesting applications in materials science have been found.

Hexamethyldisilazane also known as HDMS, is an organosilicon compound and molecule derived from ammonia.
Hexamethyldisilazane is a colorless liquid which is popular in organometallic chemistry and organic synthesis.

Hexamethyldisilazane appears as a liquid. May be toxic by ingestion.
Hexamethyldisilazane is irritates skin and eyes.

Hexamethyldisilazane is may emit highly toxic nitrogen oxide fumes when heated to decomposition.
Hexamethyldisilazane is used to deactivate chromatography support materials and to promote adhesion of photoresists in the electronics industry.

Hexamethyldisilazane is a stable and effectivereagent for trimethylsilylation of hydrogen-labile substrates such as alcohols,amines, and carboxylic acids.
Hexamethyldisilazane is commonly used for the protection of sensitivefunctional groups during chemical synthesis.
Owing to Hexamethyldisilazane low cost, high vapor pressure, and safety, Hexamethyldisilazane is widely used as a precursor in chemical vapor deposition(CVD) reactions.

Hexamethyldisilazane can be used in place of critical point drying for the preparation of soft tissue for SEM examination, for example, of delicate insect tissues.
Hexamethyldisilazane is faster, preserves surface detail, reduces thermal and pressure stresses, and may also reduce the extraction of cellular components compared with CPD.
Hexamethyldisilazane can be used to dry specimens such as bacteria on polycarbonate filters.

Hexamethyldisilazane is a bulk organo silicon compound, being a quite useful silanizing agent.
Hexamethyldisilazane is a reagent for the preparation of trimethylsilyl derivatives.

Hexamethyldisilazane can also be used to dehydrate cells of biomaterials for scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Moreover, Hexamethyldisilazane is an adhesion promoter for photoresist in photolithography, and is also useful in the pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to enhance the detectability of compounds with polar functional groups.

Hexamethyldisilazane is a derivative of ammonia with trimethylsilyl groups in place of two hydrogen atoms.
Hexamethyldisilazane is primarily used as a precursor to many bases common in organic synthesis and organometallic chemistry.
Hexamethyldisilazane also has applications in photolithography, electron microscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Hexamethyldisilazane is an N-silyl compound obtained from ammonia by replacement of two of the hydrogens with trimethylsilyl groups.
Hexamethyldisilazane is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography mass spectrometry applications.

Hexamethyldisilazane has a role as a chromatographic reagent.
Hexamethyldisilazane derives from a hydride of an ammonia.

Hexamethyl disilazane appears as a liquid.
Hexamethyldisilazane is may be toxic by ingestion.

Hexamethyldisilazane is irritates skin and eyes.
Hexamethyldisilazane is may emit highly toxic nitrogen oxide fumes when heated to decomposition.
Hexamethyldisilazane is used to make other chemicals.

Uses of Hexamethyldisilazane:
Hexamethyldisilazane mainly used as methyl silane alkylation (such as amikacin, penicillin, cephalosporins and kinds of penicillin derivatives), hydroxyl protectants of antibiotics.
Hexamethyldisilazane is used as surface treatment agent of diatomite, white carbon black, titanium and blond additives of photoresist in the semiconductor industry.

Hexamethyldisilazane is used as treatment agent of tearing strength resistance.
Hexamethyldisilazane is used as a solvent in organic synthesis and organometallic chemistry.

Hexamethyldisilazane is used as an adhesion promoter for photoresist in photolithography.
Hexamethyldisilazane is used for the preparation of trimethylsilyl ethers from hydroxy compounds.

Hexamethyldisilazane is used as an alternative to critical point drying during sample preparation in electron microscopy.
Hexamethyldisilazane is added to analyte to get silylated diagnostic products during pyrolysis in gas chromatography- mass spectrometry.

Hexamethyldisilazane is used to deactivate chromatography support materials and to promote adhesion of photoresists in the electronics industry.
Hexamethyldisilazane is used in electronic industry as an adhesion promoter for photoresists on silicon.

Hexamethyldisilazane is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of siloxane polymers.

Use as reagent:

Hexamethyldisilazane is employed as a reagent in many organic reactions:
Hexamethyldisilazane is used as a reagent in condensation reactions of heterocyclic compounds such as in the microwave synthesis of a derivative of xanthine.

The Hexamethyldisilazane mediated trimethylsilylation of alcohols, thiols, amines and amino acids as protective groups or for intermediary organosilicon compounds is found to be very efficient and replaced TMSCl reagent.
Silylation of glutamic acid with excess hexamethyldisilazane and catalytic TMSCl in either refluxing xylene or acetonitrile followed by dilution with alcohol (methanol or ethanol) yields the derived lactam pyroglutamic acid in good yield.

Hexamethyldisilazane in the presence of catalytic iodine facilitates the silylation of alcohols in excellent yields.

Hexamethyldisilazane can be used to silylate laboratory glassware and make Hexamethyldisilazane hydrophobic, or automobile glass, just as Rain-X does.
In gas chromatography, Hexamethyldisilazane can be used to silylate OH groups of organic compounds to increase volatility, this way enabling GC-analysis of chemicals that are otherwise non-volatile.

Other Uses:
In photolithography, Hexamethyldisilazane is often used as an adhesion promoter for photoresists.
Best results are obtained by applying Hexamethyldisilazane from the gas phase on heated substrates.

In electron microscopy, Hexamethyldisilazane can be used as an alternative to critical point drying during sample preparation.
In pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Hexamethyldisilazane is added to the analyte to create silylated diagnostic products during pyrolysis, in order to enhance detectability of compounds with polar functional groups.

In plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), Hexamethyldisilazane is used as a molecular precursor as a replacement to highly flammable and corrosive gasses like SiH4, CH4, NH3 as Hexamethyldisilazane can be easily handled.
Hexamethyldisilazane is used in conjunction with a plasma of various gases such as argon, helium and nitrogen to deposit SiCN thin films/coatings with excellent mechanical, optical and electronic properties.

Industry Uses:
Adhesion/cohesion promoter
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Chemical reaction regulator
Intermediate
Intermediates
Polymerization promoter
Processing aids not otherwise specified
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Viscosity modifiers

Consumer Uses:
Intermediate
Polymerization promoter

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Semiconductor Manufacturing

Applications of Hexamethyldisilazane:
Hexamethyldisilazane is used as a solvent in organic synthesis and organometallic chemistry.
Hexamethyldisilazane is often used as an adhesion promoter for photoresist in photolithography.
Further, Hexamethyldisilazane is used for the preparation of trimethylsilyl ethers from hydroxy compounds.

Hexamethyldisilazane is used as an alternative to critical point drying during sample preparation in electron microscopy.
Hexamethyldisilazane is added to analyte to get silylated diagnostic products during pyrolysis in gas chromatography- mass spectrometry.

Hexamethyldisilazane can be used:
As a silylating agent in the trimethylsilylation of alcohols under nearly neutral reaction conditions.
To control the molecular weights of polypeptides during ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides.

To fabricate silicon carbonitride thin films by plasma-enhanced CVD.
For specimen preparation for scanning electron microscopy and the preparation of trimethylsilyl ethers from hydroxy compounds.

Silanization of glass surfaces:
Glass microscope slides can be made hydrophobic using Hexamethyldisilazane.
The procedure is simple and works quite well.

Place the slides, separated, in a wide mouth glass jar preferable with a PTFE lined cap.
Add a few drops of the Hexamethyldisilazane which will then vaporize in the sealed jar reacting with the surface of the slides.
Better results are obtained if this is done while keeping the jar at 70° for twelve hours, but with the cap slightly ajar.

At the end of the twelve hours, remove the slides.
Water droplets will now "bead up" on the slide surfaces.
The layer responsible for the hydrophobic behavior with we less than one nm in thickness and will also be completely invisible to the eye.

Applications in semiconductor technology:
Hexamethyldisilazane is an outstanding adhesion promoter especially in terms of improving the adhesion of photoresist to the wafer surface.
Hexamethyldisilazane is deposited on the wafer surface prior to the deposition of resist.

Applications in nanotechnology:
The preparation of non-interacting and non-touching nanoparticles is one of the biggest challenges faced by workers in this field of research.
For those interested in the controlled synthesis of non-aggregated nanoparticles with diameters between 1 and 50 nm, one can synthesize nanosize SiO2 particles from Hexamethyldisilazane as precursor and oxygen as the oxidizing agent.

Features and Benefits of Hexamethyldisilazane:
High chemicalstability and low molecular weight
Nontoxic andcost-effective reagent

Ammonia is theonly byproduct generated during silylation
Silylationreaction using HDMS is nearly neutral and does not need any precaution

Properties of Hexamethyldisilazane:

Chemical Properties:
Hexamethyldisilazane, also known as HMDS, is an important organosilicon compound, a colorless and transparent liquid.
Hexamethyldisilazane is readily hydrolyzed and gives off NH3 to produce hexamethyldisilyl ether.

In the presence of a catalyst, Hexamethyldisilazane reacts with alcohols or phenols to produce trimethylalkoxysilane or trimethylaroxysilane.
Reacts with anhydrous hydrogen chloride, releasing NH3 or NH4Cl, to produce trimethylchlorosilane.

Physical properties:
Colorless transparent and easy flowing liquid.
Boiling point 125℃, relative density 0.76 (20/4℃).
Soluble in organic solvents, Hexamethyldisilazane will be rapidly hydrolyzed in contact with air to form trimethylsilanol and hexamethyldisilyl ether.

Synthesis and Derivatives of Hexamethyldisilazane:

Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine is synthesized by treatment of trimethylsilyl chloride with ammonia:
2 (CH3)3SiCl + 3 NH3 → [(CH3)3Si]2NH + 2 NH4Cl

Ammonium nitrate together with triethylamine can be used instead.
This method is also useful for 15N isotopic enrichment of Hexamethyldisilazane.

Alkali metal bis(trimethylsilyl)amides result from the deprotonation of bis(trimethylsilyl)amine.

For example, lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (LiHMDS) is prepared using n-butyllithium:
[(CH3)3Si]2NH + BuLi → [(CH3)3Si]2NLi + BuH

LiHMDS and other similar derivatives: sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (NaHMDS) and potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (KHMDS) are used as a non-nucleophilic bases in synthetic organic chemistry.

General Manufacturing Information of Hexamethyldisilazane:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Adhesive Manufacturing
All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing
Other (requires additional information)
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Printing and Related Support Activities
Rubber Product Manufacturing
Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing

Stability and Reactivity of Hexamethyldisilazane:

Reactivity:
None known, based on information available.

Chemical stability:
Stable under normal conditions, Moisture sensitive.

Possibility of hazardous reactions

Hazardous Polymerization:
Hazardous polymerization does not occur.

Hazardous Reactions:
None under normal processing.

Conditions to avoid:
Incompatible products.
Excess heat.

Keep away from open flames, hot surfacesandsources of ignition.
Exposure to moist air or water.

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents.
Water.

Hazardous decomposition products:
Carbon monoxide (CO).
Carbon dioxide (CO2).

Handling and Storage of Hexamethyldisilazane:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
All equipment used when handling Hexamethyldisilazane must be grounded.

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do Hexamethyldisilazane without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material.
For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads).
Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

First Aid Measures of Hexamethyldisilazane:
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

Move victim to fresh air if Hexamethyldisilazane can be done safely.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.

Do not perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if victim ingested or inhaled Hexamethyldisilazane; wash face and mouth before giving artificial respiration.
Use a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.

Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water.

Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Keep victim calm and warm.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

Fire Fighting of Hexamethyldisilazane:
Some of these materials may react violently with water.

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
If Hexamethyldisilazane can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.
Do not get water inside containers.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
If this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Accidental Release Measures of Hexamethyldisilazane:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL:
Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Disposal Methods of Hexamethyldisilazane:
The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of the material for Hexamethyldisilazane approved use or return Hexamethyldisilazane to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
The material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Preventive Measures of Hexamethyldisilazane:
The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting.
The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon Hexamethyldisilazane, but also on factors including the form of Hexamethyldisilazane, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses.
However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye.

In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn.
In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Identifiers of Hexamethyldisilazane:
CAS Number: 999-97-3
Abbreviations: HMDS
Beilstein Reference: 635752
ChEBI: CHEBI:85068
ChemSpider: 13238
ECHA InfoCard: 100.012.425
EC Number: 213-668-5
MeSH: Hexamethylsilazane

PubChem CID:
13838
18913873 amine
45051731 sodium
45051783 potassium

RTECS number: JM9230000
UNII: H36C68P1BH
UN number: 2924, 3286
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2025395
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H19NSi2/c1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6/h7H,1-6H3
Key: FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N check
InChI=1/C6H19NSi2/c1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6/h7H,1-6H3
Key: FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYAF

SMILES:
C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C
N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C

Synonym(s): Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine, HMDS
Linear Formula: (CH3)3SiNHSi(CH3)3
CAS Number: 999-97-3
Molecular Weight: 161.39
Beilstein: 635752
EC Number: 213-668-5
MDL number: MFCD00008259
PubChem Substance ID: 24867576
NACRES: NA.23

EC Number: 213-668-5
EC Name: 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane
CAS Number: 999-97-3
Molecular formula: C6H19NSi2
IUPAC Name: bis(trimethylsilyl)amine

CAS number: 999-97-3
EC number: 213-668-5
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₉N Si₂
Molar Mass: 133.49 g/mol
HS Code: 2931 90 00

CAS: 999-97-3
Molecular Formula: C6H19NSi2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 161.395
MDL Number: MFCD00008259
InChI Key: FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 13838
ChEBI: CHEBI:85068
IUPAC Name: [dimethyl-(trimethylsilylamino)silyl]methane
SMILES: C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C

Properties of Hexamethyldisilazane:
Chemical formula: C6H19NSi2
Molar mass: 161.395 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 0.77 g cm−3
Melting point: −78 °C (−108 °F; 195 K)
Boiling point: 126 °C (259 °F; 399 K)
Solubility in water: Slow hydrolysis
Refractive index (nD): 1.4090

Boiling point: 126 °C (1013 mbar)
Density: 0.77 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.8 - 25.9 %(V)
Flash point: 11.4 °C
Ignition temperature: 325 °C
Melting Point: -82 °C
pH value: >7.0 (H₂O)
Vapor pressure: 1900 Pa (20 °C)
Viscosity kinematic: 0.9 mm2/s (25 °C)

Melting point: -78 °C
Boiling point: 125 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.774 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 4.6 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 20 hPa (20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.407(lit.)
Flash point: 57.2 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Miscible with acetone, benzene, ethyl ether, heptane and perchloroethylene.
pka: 30(at 25℃)
form: Liquid
color: Colorless
Specific Gravity: 0.774
Odor: Ammonia odour
PH Range: 8.5
Evaporation Rate: < 1
Viscosity: 0.9mm2/s
explosive limit: 0.8-25.9%(V)
Water Solubility: REACTS
Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
Hydrolytic Sensitivity: 7: reacts slowly with moisture/water
Merck: 14,4689
BRN: 635752
InChIKey: FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.23-1.19 at 20-25℃

Grade: reagent grade
Quality Level: 300
Assay: ≥99%
Form: liquid
Refractive index: n20/D 1.407 (lit.)
bp: 125 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C
InChI: 1S/C6H19NSi2/c1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6/h7H,1-6H3
InChI key: FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 161.39
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 161.10560268
Monoisotopic Mass: 161.10560268
Topological Polar Surface Area: 12 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Complexity: 76.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Hexamethyldisilazane:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 98 %
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.774 - 0.775
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: -78°C
Density: 0.774
Boiling Point: 126°C
Flash Point: 8°C (46°F)
Assay Percent Range: 98+%
Linear Formula: (CH3)3SiNHSi(CH3)3
Odor: Odorless
UN Number: UN3286
Beilstein: 635752
Merck Index: 14,4689
Refractive Index: 1.408
Quantity: 100 mL
Solubility Information: Miscible with methanol,chloroform,ethyl ether and benzene. Immiscible with water.
Sensitivity: Moisture sensitive
Formula Weight: 161.4
Percent Purity: ≥98%
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Hexamethyldisilazane

Related Products of Hexamethyldisilazane:
Disperse Red 1 (Technical Grade)
Disperse Red 1-D3
4-(4-Diethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium iodide
Dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium Chloride (40-50 wt. % in methanol)
1,1′-Diethyl-4,4′-cyanine Iodide

Names of Hexamethyldisilazane:

Preferred IUPAC name:
1,1,1-Trimethyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)silanamine

Trade names:
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexamethyldisilazan
A-166
Dow Corning(R) 4-2839 INT (PL fluid)
Dow Corning(R) Z-6079 silazane
Dynasylan(R) HMDS
Hexamethyldisilazane
SC3100Z
SH4002ZNC911
SH8270U
SH9151U
SH9161U
SL2501A
SL3358A
SL3358B
SL7230A
SL7230B
SL7240A
SL7240B
SL7250ATT903
SL7250ATT905
SL7250BTT903
SL7250BTT905
SL7260A
SL7260ATT903
SL7260ATT907
SL7260B
SL7260BTT903
SL7260BTT907
SL7270A
SL7270ATT903
SL7270B
SL7270BTT903
SL8601ACG791
SL8601ACG792
SL8601BCG791
SL8601BCG792
SL8609A
SL8609ACG792
SL8609B
SL8609BCG792
SL8640A
SL8640B
SL9051A
SL9051B
SL9055A
SL9055B
SL9340A
SL9340B
SL9805ARM102
SM8110Z
SM8120Z

Other names:
Bis(trimethylsilyl)azane
Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexamethyldisilazane
Hexamethyldisilazane

HBCD; Hexabromocyclododecane; 1,2,5,6,9,10-Hexabromocyclododecane; Cyclododecane, 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromo-; 1,2,5,6,9,10-Hexabromocyclodecane CAS NO:25637-99-4

Hexamine, Formin, Urotropin; 1,3,5,7- Tetraazaadamantane; Ammonioformaldehyde; Aceto HMT; Aminoform; Ammoform; Cystamin; Cystogen; Formamine; Hexaform; Hexamethylenamine; Urotropin; Hexilmethylenamine; HMT; CAS NO:100-97-0

Hexamethylenediamine is the organic compound
Hexamethylenediamine's molecular formula is H2N(CH2)6NH2.
Hexamethylenediamine is a diamine


CAS NUMBER: 124-09-4

EC NUMBER: 204-679-6

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C6H16N2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 116.20 g/mol

IUPAC NAME: hexane-1,6-diamine


Hexamethylenediamine is consisting of a hexamethylene hydrocarbon chain terminated with amine functional groups.
Hexamethylenediamine is colorless solid (yellowish for some commercial samples)

Hexamethylenediamine has a strong amine odor.
About 1 billion kilograms are produced annually.

Hexamethylenediamine is a colorless crystalline solid.
Hexamethylenediamine is soluble in water.

Hexamethylenediamine is corrosive to metals and tissue
Hexamethylenediamine is a C6 alkane-alpha,omega-diamine.

Hexamethylenediamine has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite.
Hexamethylenediamine derives from a hydride of a hexane.

Synthesis of Hexamethylenediamine:
Hexamethylenediamine was first reported by Theodor Curtius.
Hexamethylenediamine is produced by the hydrogenation of adiponitrile:

NC(CH2)4CN + 4 H2 → H2N(CH2)6NH2

The hydrogenation is conducted on molten adiponitrile diluted with ammonia, typical catalysts being based on cobalt and iron.
The yield is good, but commercially significant side products are generated by virtue of reactivity of partially hydrogenated intermediates.
These other products include 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, Hexamethylenediamine, and the triamine bis(hexamethylenetriamine).

An alternative process uses Raney nickel as the catalyst and adiponitrile that is diluted with hexamethylenediamine itself (as the solvent).
This process operates without ammonia and at lower pressure and temperature

APPLICATIONS:
Hexamethylenediamine is used almost exclusively for the production of polymers, an application that takes advantage of its structure.
Hexamethylenediamine is difunctional in terms of the amine groups and tetra functional with respect to the amine hydrogens.
The great majority of the diamine is consumed by the production of nylon 66 via condensation with adipic acid.
Otherwise hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) is generated from this diamine by phosgenation as a monomer feedstock in the production of polyurethane.
The diamine also serves as a cross-linking agent in epoxy resins

Hexamethylenediamine (formally hexane-1,6-diamine) is a colorless and low-melting solid
Hexamethylenediamine is an important industrial use.

Hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid
Hexamethylenediamine is a diamine with a hexamethylene hydrocarbon chain and amine functional groups at each end.

Hexamethylenediamine has a strong amine odor, similar to piperidine.
Hexamethylenediamine is produced from adiponitrile.

Hexamethylenediamine is used in production of nylon polymers
Hexamethylenediamine is also used in production of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) for use as monomer feedstock in polyurethane production

Hexamethylenediamine can be used as a cross-link agent in epoxy resins.
Hexamethylenediamine, solid is a colorless crystalline solid.

Hexamethylenediamine is soluble in water.
Hexamethylenediamine is the organic compound with the formula H2N(CH2)6NH2.

Hexamethylenediamine is presently produced by the hydrogenation of adiponitrile.
Hexamethylenediamine is used for the production of polymers.

Hexamethylenediamine's primary use is for manufacturing unmodified resins, water treatment resins, resins used in paper manufacture and adhesive resins.
Other applications include use as an intermediate to make polyamides with applications in fiber, plastics, polyurethane coatings and adhesives, specialty nylons (monofilaments and inks), and specialty chemicals (biocides, petroleum additives, and phenol purification).

Hexamethylenediamine is an industrial product
Hexamethylenediamine is produced by the hydrogenation of adiponitrile.

Hexamethylenediamine is mainly used as a monomer to make nylon 6-6.
Hexamethylenediamine's derivative hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) is used in the production of polyurethane.

Hexamethylenediamine acts as a cross-linking agent in epoxy resins.
Other applications include coatings, lubricants and water treatment products.

Hexamethylenediamine is a strong organic base
The most important salt is that produced by neutralization with adipic acid (salt strike): the so-called nylon salt or AH salt.
Hexamethylenediamine is the raw material for the preparation of nylon by thermal dehydration under vacuum.

Physical Properties:
Hexamethylenediamine is a colorless solid with a typical fishlike amine odor.
Hexamethylenediamine is very soluble in water

Hexamethylenediamine is soluble in alcohols and aromatic solvents
Hexamethylenediamine is poorly soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Uses:
Hexamethylenediamine is mainly used as a monomer to make nylon 6-6.
Hexamethylenediamine's derivative hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) is used in the production of polyurethane.

Hexamethylenediamine acts as a cross-linking agent in epoxy resins.
Other applications include fiber, plastics, polyurethane coatings, lubricants, water treatment products and specialty chemicals (biocides, petroleum additives, and phenol purification).


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 116.20 g/mol

-XLogP3-AA: -0.2

-Exact Mass: 116.131348519 g/mol

-Monoisotopic Mass: 116.131348519 g/mol

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 52Ų

-Physical Description: Colorless crystalline solid with an ammonia-like or fishy odor

-Color: Colorless

-Form: Solid

-Odor: Weak, fishy

-Boiling Point: 205 °C

-Melting Point: 42 °C

-Flash Point: 85 °C

-Solubility: Soluble in water

-Density: 0.799

-Vapor Density: 4.01

-Vapor Pressure: 1.1 mmHg

-Autoignition Temperature: 305 °C

-Surface Tension: 0.0346 N/M

-Refractive Index 1.439 n20/D


Hexamethylenediamine is colorless solid (yellowish for some commercial samples)
Hexamethylenediamine has a strong amine odor.

Hexamethylenediamine is soluble in water.
Hexamethylenediamine is corrosive to metals and tissue


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2

-Rotatable Bond Count: 5

-Heavy Atom Count: 8

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 31.5

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

-Chemical Classes: Nitrogen Compounds -> Amines, Aliphatic


Hexamethylenediamine derives from a hydride of a hexane.
Hexamethylenediamine is an important industrial use.

Hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid
Hexamethylenediamine has a strong amine odor

Hexamethylenediamine can be used as a cross-link agent in epoxy resins.
Hexamethylenediamine, solid is a colorless crystalline solid.

Hexamethylenediamine is soluble in water.
Hexamethylenediamine is the organic compound

Hexamethylenediamine is used for the production of polymers.
Hexamethylenediamine is an industrial product

Hexamethylenediamine is mainly used as a monomer to make nylon 6-6.
Hexamethylenediamine is very soluble in water

Hexamethylenediamine is soluble in alcohols and aromatic solvents
Hexamethylenediamine is mainly used as a monomer to make nylon 6-6.


SYNONYMS:

1,6-Hexanediamine
1,6-Diaminohexane
Hexamethylenediamine
124-09-4
HEXANE-1,6-DIAMINE
HMDA
1,6-Hexylenediamine
1,6-Hexamethylenediamine
1,6-Diamino-n-hexane
HEXAMETHYLENE DIAMINE
Hexylenediamine
diaminohexane
NCI-C61405
HEX-NH2
NSC 9257
H2N(CH2)6NH2
ZRA5J5B2QW
CHEMBL303004
73398-58-0
DTXSID5024922
CHEBI:39618
NSC-9257
1,6-Diaminohexane-d12 dihydrochloride
HEXAMETHYLENE-1,6-13C2-DIAMINE
1,6-DIAMINO(HEXANE-2,2,5,5-D4)
DTXCID604922
Hexane, 1,6-diamino-
16D
CAS-124-09-4
CCRIS 6224
HSDB 189
284474-80-2
EINECS 204-679-6
UNII-ZRA5J5B2QW
MFCD00008243
UN1783
UN2280
BRN 1098307
AI3-37283
1,6diaminohexane
6-aminohexylamine
1,6 diaminohexane
1,6 hexanediamine
1.6-diaminohexane
1,6-diamino hexane
1,6-hexamethylene diamine
Hexamethylenediamine, solid
Hexamethylenediamine, 98%
EC 204-679-6
WLN: Z6Z
Hexamethylene diamine, solid
SCHEMBL15085
HEXANEMETHYLENEDIAMINE-
UN 1783 (Salt/Mix)
SCHEMBL7090279
1,6-HEXANEDIAMINE
NSC9257
1,6-HEXANEDIAMINE
HEXAMETHYLENE DIAMINE
D0095
FT-0606994
FT-0666352
EN300-19313
AG-690/11351767
Hexamethylenediamine
Q424936
Hexamethylenediamine, solid
Hexane-1,6-diamine
J-504038
Z104473514
1,6-HEXANEDIAMINE
1,6-Diaminohexane
1,6-hexamethylenediamine
1,6-Hexandiamin
1,6-Hexanediamine
1098307 [Beilstein]
124-09-4 [RN]
204-679-6 [EINECS]
6-aminohexylamine
Hexamethylenediamine
hexane-1,6-diamine
hexylenediamine
HMDA
1, 6-Hexanediamine
1,6-Diamino(hexane-1,1,6,6-d4)
1,6-DIAMINO(HEXANE-2,2,5,5-D4)
1,6-Diaminohexane-d12
1,6-diamino-n-hexane
1,6-Hexanediamine, Hexamethylenediamine
1,6-hexylenediamine
115797-49-4
115797-51-8
115797-53-0
16D
284474-80-2
73398-58-0
diaminohexane
H2N(CH2)6NH2
HEXAMETHYLENE DIAMINE
Hexamethylenediamine, Hexane-1,6-diamine
hexametilenodiamina
Hexane, 1,6-diamino-

Hexamethylenediamine

CAS Reg. No: 124-09-4
EC Number: 204-679-6
Empirical formula: C6H16N2
Molar mass: 116.21 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless crystals or clear liquid



APPLICATIONS


Hexamethylenediamine is used almost exclusively for the production of polymers, an application that takes advantage of its structure.
Furthermore, Hexamethylenediamine is difunctional in terms of the amine groups and tetra functional with respect to the amine hydrogens.

The great majority of the diamine is consumed by the production of nylon 66 via condensation with adipic acid.
Moreover, Hexamethylenediamine is generated from this diamine by phosgenation as a monomer feedstock in the production of polyurethane.

Hexamethylenediamine also serves as a cross-linking agent in epoxy resins.


Some uses of Hexamethylenediamine:

Materials used for construction (e.g. flooring, tile, sinks, bathtubs, mirrors, wall materials/drywall, wall-to-wall carpets, insulation, playground surfaces); includes semi-permanent fixtures such as faucets and light fixtures
Buffering
Monomer
Polymer
Construction and building materials
Intermediate
Isocyanates
Scale and corrosion inhibitors
Water treatment chemicals
Epoxy curing agents
Polyamide resins, adhesives, inks, fibers
Petroleum additives
Intermediates


Hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid are the starting materials for nylon 6,6 used widely in textiles and plastics.
Besides, Hexamethylenediamine reduce yellowing in PU resin.

Hexamethylenediamine can react with the phosgene and produce the HexamethylenDiIsocyanate (HDI).
The main uses of Hexamethylenediamineare epoxy curing agents, petroleum, adhesives, inks, scale and corrosion inhibitors, water treatment chemicals and disinfectants.

Hexamethylenediamine is moderately toxic.
Besides, Hexamethylenediamine can cause serious burns and severe irritation.

In addition, Hexamethylenediamine can be founded as various grade.

Hexamethylenediamine is one of the largest chemical distributor in Europe.
More to that, Hexamethylenediamine is handling the storage, transport, export & import formalities of Hexamethylenediamine globally.

Hexamethylenediamine can be used as a reagent used to modify acrylonitrile copolymers and to polycondense with compounds such as calcein


Hexamethylenediamine can be used as a:

Reactant for the synthesis of dialkyl hexamethylene-1,6-dicarbamate with alkyl carbamate in the presence of various metal catalysts via the transesterification reaction
Surface modifier for chlorinated and fluorinated nanodiamond synthesized by detonation.
Reactant with adipic acid for the synthesis of nylon 6-6 by polycondensation.


Hexamethylenediamine is used as an intermediate to make polyamides with applications in fiber, plastics, polyurethane coatings and adhesives, specialty nylons (monofilaments and inks), and specialty chemicals (biocides, petroleum additives, and phenol purification).
Further to that, Hexamethylenediamine is used to prepare hexamethylene diisocyanate.

Hexamethylenediamine was first reported by Theodor Curtius.
Additionally, Hexamethylenediamine is produced by the hydrogenation of adiponitrile:
NC(CH2)4CN + 4 H2 → H2N(CH2)6NH2


The hydrogenation is conducted on molten adiponitrile diluted with ammonia, typical catalysts being based on cobalt and iron.
The yield is good, but commercially significant side products are generated by virtue of reactivity of partially hydrogenated intermediates.
These other products include 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, hexamethyleneimine, and the triamine bis(hexamethylenetriamine).

An alternative process uses Raney nickel as the catalyst and adiponitrile that is diluted with hexamethylenediamine itself (as the solvent).
This process operates without ammonia and at lower pressure and temperature.

Hexamethylenediamine’s primary use is for manufacturing unmodified resins, water treatment resins, resins used in paper manufacture and adhesive resins.
Other applications of Hexamethylenediamine include use as an intermediate to make polyamides with applications in fiber, plastics, polyurethane coatings and adhesives, specialty nylons (monofilaments and inks), and specialty chemicals (biocides, petroleum additives, and phenol purification).

Hexamethylenediamine is solely an industrial product, not designed for consumer use.
Furthermore, Hexamethylenediamine is produced by the hydrogenation of adiponitrile.


Main uses of Hexamethylenediamine are as a raw material in the:

Production of nylon polymers
Production of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) for use as monomer feedstock in polyurethane production
Cross-link agent in epoxy resins.



DESCRIPTION


Hexamethylenediamine (formally hexane-1,6-diamine) is a colorless, low-melting solid with an important industrial use.
Moreover, Hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid (Molecule of the Week for February 9, 2015) are the starting materials for manufacturing nylon 6,6, a polyamide used widely in textiles and plastics.

The earliest synthesis of hexamethylenediamine is attributed to Theodor Curtius and Hans Clemm, Heidelberg University (Germany) chemists, who in 1900 made it by hydrogenating adiponitrile.
In 1929, biochemists Karl H. Slotta and R. Tschesche at the University of Breslau (Germany) improved this process by generating hydrogen in situ from sodium metal and ethanol.

Hexamethylenediamine market value in 2018 is estimated to be more than US$3 billion; this value is expected to double by 2026.

Hexamethylenediamine is the organic compound with the formula H2N(CH2)6NH2.
The molecule of Hexamethylenediamine is a diamine, consisting of a hexamethylene hydrocarbon chain terminated with amine functional groups.

Hexamethylenediamine is in the form of colorless solid (yellowish for some commercial samples).
Besides, Hexamethylenediaminehas a strong amine odor.

About 1 billion kilograms of Hexamethylenediamine are produced annually.
Hexamethylenediamine solution appears as a clear colorless liquid.

Hexamethylenediamine burns although some effort is required to ignite.
In addition, Hexamethylenediamine is soluble in water.

Hexamethylenediamine is corrosive to metals and tissue.
More to that, Hexamethylenediamine produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.

Hexamethylenediamine is used to make nylon.
More to that, Hexamethylenediamine is a colorless crystalline solid.

Hexamethylenediamine is soluble in water.
Further to that, Hexamethylenediamine is corrosive to metals and tissue.

Hexamethylenediamine produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
Hexane-1,6-diamine is a C6 alkane-alpha,omega-diamine.

Hexamethylenediamine has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite.
Additionally, Hexamethylenediamine derives from a hydride of a hexane.

Hexamethylenediamine is corrosive to metals and tissue.
Furthermore, Hexamethylenediamine produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.


Different methods of production of Hexamethylenediamine:

Hexamethylenediamine from butadiene via adiponitrile (ADN) by hydrocyanation
Moreover, Hexamethylenediamine from acrylonitrile via ADN by electrohydrodimerization
Hexamethylenediamine from adipic acid via ADN by ammoniation and hydrogenation


World production of Hexamethylenediamine in 1995 was estimated at 1.19 million tons (2.62 billion pounds), of which 90% was accounted for by demand in the United States, Western Europe, Japan, and Canada.
The average growth in Hexamethylenediamine demand through 2001, is estimated at 2.2%/yr in the United States, 2.5% in Western Europe, 2.4% in Japan, and 2.3% in Canada.
As of January 1996, world Hexamethylenediamine production capacity was estimated at 1.33 million t/yr (2.93 billion lb/yr).

In addition to its use in the production of nylon 66 fibers and resins, Hexamethylenediamine is reacted with other dicarboxylic acids to make nylon 69, nylon 610, and nylon 612.
In addition, Hexamethylenediamine can be used as a hardener for epoxy resins, in the production of hexamethylene diisocyanate for weather-resistant polyurethane, and of HDMA carbamate as an accelerator in fluorinated and polyacrylate elastomer vulcanization.

Hexamethylenediamine is a colorless crystalline solid organic compound with the molecular formula C6H16N2.
Its CAS number of Hexamethylenediamine is 124-09-4.

The Hexamethylenediamine molecule is soluble in water and corrosive to metals and tissue.
During combustion, Hexamethylenediamine produces toxic oxides of nitrogen and has a strong amine odor.

Hexamethylenediamine is used almost exclusively for the manufacture and production of polymers.


Economics for the following alternative routes to Hexamethylenediamine:

Hexamethylenediamine from butadiene via adiponitrile (ADN) by hydrocyanation
Besides, Hexamethylenediamine from acrylonitrile via ADN by electrohydrodimerization
Hexamethylenediamine from adipic acid via ADN by ammoniation and hydrogenation

World production of Hexamethylenediamine in 1995 was estimated at 1.19 million tons (2.62 billion pounds), of which 90% was accounted for by demand in the United States, Western Europe, Japan, and Canada.
The average growth in Hexamethylenediamine demand through 2001, is estimated at 2.2%/yr in the United States, 2.5% in Western Europe, 2.4% in Japan, and 2.3% in Canada.
As of January 1996, world HMDA production capacity was estimated at 1.33 million t/yr (2.93 billion lb/yr).

In addition to its use in the production of nylon 66 fibers and resins, Hexamethylenediamine is reacted with other dicarboxylic acids to make nylon 69, nylon 610, and nylon 612.
In addition, Hexamethylenediamine can be used as a hardener for epoxy resins, in the production of hexamethylene diisocyanate for weather-resistant polyurethane, and of Hexamethylenediamine carbamate as an accelerator in fluorinated and polyacrylate elastomer vulcanization.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Weight: 116.20
XLogP3-AA: -0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 116.131348519
Monoisotopic Mass: 116.131348519
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 31.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting point: 42 ºC
Boiling point: 205 ºC
Water solubility: 490 g/L



FIRST AID


General advice:

First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.


If inhaled

After inhalation: fresh air.
Call in physician.
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.

If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.


In case of skin contact:

Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.


In case of eye contact:

Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.


If swallowed:

Make victim drink water (two glasses at most), avoid vomiting (risk of perforation).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital.


Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:

No data available



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Precautions for safe handling:
Advice on safe handling:

Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Advice on protection against fire and explosion.
Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of ignition.
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.


Hygiene measures:

Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.


Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Hygroscopic.
Store under inert gas.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials.


Specific end use(s):

Apart from the uses mentioned above no other specific uses are stipulated.



SYNONYMS


1,6-Hexanediamine
1,6-Diaminohexane
Hexamethylenediamine
124-09-4
HEXANE-1,6-DIAMINE
HMDA
1,6-Hexylenediamine
1,6-Hexamethylenediamine
1,6-Diamino-n-hexane
HEXAMETHYLENE DIAMINE
Hexylenediamine
diaminohexane
NCI-C61405
1,6-Hexanediamine (solution)
HEX-NH2
NSC 9257
H2N(CH2)6NH2
ZRA5J5B2QW
CHEMBL303004
Amides, vegetable-oil, N,N'-hexanediylbis-
CHEBI:39618
NSC-9257
DSSTox_CID_4922
DSSTox_RID_77583
DSSTox_GSID_24922
73398-58-0
Hexane, 1,6-diamino-
16D
CAS-124-09-4
CCRIS 6224
HSDB 189
EINECS 204-679-6
UNII-ZRA5J5B2QW
MFCD00008243
UN1783
UN2280
Hexamethylenediamine solution
BRN 1098307
AI3-37283
1,6diaminohexane
6-aminohexylamine
1,6 diaminohexane
1,6 hexanediamine
1.6-diaminohexane
1,6-diamino hexane
1,6-hexamethylene diamine
Hexamethylenediamine, solid
Hexamethylenediamine, 98%
EC 204-679-6
WLN: Z6Z
Hexamethylene diamine, solid
NCIOpen2_002722
SCHEMBL15085
Hexamethylenediamine, solution
4-04-00-01320 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
HEXANEMETHYLENEDIAMINE-
UN 1783 (Salt/Mix)
1,6-Hexandiamine, vegetable oil fatty acids diamide
Hexamethylene diamine, solution
Hexamethylenediamine, solution [UN1783] [Corrosive]
SCHEMBL7090279
DTXSID5024922
1,6-HEXANEDIAMINE [MI]
NSC9257
1,6-HEXANEDIAMINE [INCI]
ZINC1543408
HEXAMETHYLENE DIAMINE [HSDB]
Tox21_202088
Tox21_303123
BBL027705
BDBM50323740
STL281875
AKOS000118875
DB03260
UN 2280
NCGC00091677-01
NCGC00091677-02
NCGC00257104-01
NCGC00259637-01
BP-21415
VS-08580
Hexamethylenediamine, technical grade, 70%
D0095
FT-0606994
FT-0666352
EN300-19313
AG-690/11351767
Hexamethylenediamine, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
Q424936
Hexamethylenediamine, solid [UN2280] [Corrosive]
Hexane-1,6-diamine 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
J-504038
Z104473514

Hexamethyleneglycol is a waxy hygroscopic solid compound that is white in colour.
Hexamethyleneglycol is a linear diol that contains two primary hydroxyl groups that are located at the terminal.
Hexamethyleneglycol’s linear hydrocarbon chain enables the compound to have enhanced hardness and flexibility of polyesters.

CAS: 629-11-8
MF: C6H14O2
MW: 118.17
EINECS: 211-074-0

Moreover, this property is utilized in the extending chains in polyurethanes.
A diol that is hexane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 6.
Hexamethyleneglycol is an organic compound with the formula (CH2CH2CH2OH)2.
Hexamethyleneglycol is a colorless water-soluble solid.
Hexamethyleneglycol is famous for its excellent solvency among a wide variety of materials and is popular in skin care formulas due to its ability to improve the texture.
Hexamethyleneglycol has viscosity-reducing properties that allow it to thin out heavy, thick formulations and produce smooth spreadability.
Studies indicate Hexamethyleneglycol also exhibits antimicrobial properties.
In addition to skin care, hexylene glycol is used in other beauty products including hair care and makeup.

Hexamethyleneglycol also goes by its chemical compound name: 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol.
As a raw material, Hexamethyleneglycol is a clear liquid.
Hexamethyleneglycol is often used in preservative blends that contain phenoxyethanol because it boosts the efficacy of this preservative, allowing lower amounts to be used, which reduces the risk skin will have a sensitised response.
Hexamethyleneglycol has been backed as a safe ingredient for decades with reported concentrations up to 25% in personal care products (though most skin care formulas use much lower amounts than that, especially in preservative blends).
Hexamethyleneglycol is a clear liquid with a mild, sweet odour most commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products in the formulation of hair and bath products, eye and facial makeup, fragrances, personal cleanliness products, and shaving and skin care products.
Hexamethyleneglycol helps to improve the texture and sensory feel of the formulation, functioning as a surfactant to cleanse and moisturize the skin, as an emulsifier and a viscosity-reducing agent to improve absorption and allow other ingredients to work better.

Hexamethyleneglycol or HG is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol functions.
Hexamethyleneglycol has a low evaporation rate and it is completely miscible with water.
Hexamethyleneglycol is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.
Hexamethyleneglycol is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.
Hexamethyleneglycol is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.
Hexamethyleneglycol can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.
Hexamethyleneglycol is a key solvent in many markets such as paints & coatings, metal working fluids, detergency, cosmetics & fragrances, textiles & leather.
Hexylene glycol (also known as HGL, 2-methyl pentane-2,4-diol, pinakon and Diolane) is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.
Hexamethyleneglycol is fully miscible in water and has the chemical formula C6H14O2.
Hexamethyleneglycol is a compound that appears in a large number of products that are used commercially and industrially.

Hexamethyleneglycol Chemical Properties
Melting point: 38-42 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 250 °C (lit.)
density: 0.96
vapor pressure: 0.53 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: 1.457
Fp: 215 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
form: Waxy Flakes
pka: 14.87±0.10(Predicted)
color: White
PH: 7.6 (900g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit: 6.6-16%(V)
Water Solubility: 500 g/L
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.1
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.1
Merck: 14,4690
BRN: 1633461
InChIKey: XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 629-11-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,6-Hexanediol(629-11-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: Hexamethyleneglycol (629-11-8)

As Hexamethyleneglycol contains the hydroxyl group, it undergoes the typical chemical reactions of alcohols such as dehydration, substitution, esterification.
Dehydration of Hexamethyleneglycol gives oxepane, 2-methyltetrahydropyran and 2-ethyltetrahydrofuran.
Corresponding thiophene and pyrrolidone can be made by reacting Hexamethyleneglycol with hydrogen sulfide and ammonia respectively.

Uses and Applications
Solvent, intermediate for high polymers (nylon, polyesters), coupling agent, coil coating.
Hexamethyleneglycol is used in polymer synthesis such as polyester, polyurethane and nylon.
Hexamethyleneglycol is used as an intermediate to adhesives, acrylics and dyestuffs.
Further, Hexamethyleneglycol is employed in gasoline refining and pharmaceutical production.
Hexamethyleneglycol is widely used for industrial polyester and polyurethane production.
Hexamethyleneglycol can improve the hardness and flexibility of polyesters as it contains a fairly long hydrocarbon chain.
In polyurethanes, Hexamethyleneglycol is used as a chain extender, and the resulting modified polyurethane has high resistance to hydrolysis as well as mechanical strength, but with a low glass transition temperature.
Hexamethyleneglycol is also an intermediate to acrylics as a crosslinking agent, e.g. hexanediol diacrylate.
Unsaturated polyester resins have also been made from 1,6-hexanediol, along with styrene, maleic anhydride and fumaric acid.
Hexamethyleneglycol is used in cosmetics and personal care products such as hair and bath products, eye and facial makeup, fragrances, personal cleanliness products, and shaving and skin care products.

The single largest user of hexylene glycol is the industrial coatings industry which uses approximately 45% of the HGL produced world-wide.
Hexamethyleneglycol is a component in lacquers and varnishes, and is a solvent plasticiser in surface coatings.
Hexamethyleneglycol is also a component in both oil and water- based paints, and in paint strippers.
Hexamethyleneglycol is also used as a chemical intermediate, which accounts for approximately 20% of its consumption, and another 10% is used on oil and natural-gas fields where Hexamethyleneglycol is both a down hole lubricant, and a grinding and extraction aid.
Hexamethyleneglycol is also employed as an antifreeze, and as a coupling agent for hydraulic fluids.
Hexamethyleneglycol is a moisturising, and setting, agent in the manufacture of textiles and can also be found in the cosmetics industry where it is a component of fragrances and bath, hair, and soap preparations.
Hexamethyleneglycol also has a role as a wetting agent in pesticide formulations and is a solvent in the preparation of dyes.

Uses to study biomolecular condensates
Hexamethyleneglycol has been used to characterize biomolecular condensates.
The material properties of condensates can be examined to determine if they are solid or liquid condensates.
Hexamethyleneglycol has been reported to interfere with weak hydrophobic protein-protein or protein-RNA interactions that comprise liquid condensates.
Hexamethyleneglycol has been reported to dissolve liquid but not solid condensates.
2,5 hexanediol or 1,4-butanediol has been observed to have minimal effect on behavior of disorderd proteins as compared to Hexamethyleneglycol.

Polyurethanes
Hexamethyleneglycol is widely utilized in the manufacture of polyesterols such as sebacates, azelates, and adipates.
These compounds are resistant to hydrolysis and have low glass transition temperature as well as high mechanical levels.
Hexamethyleneglycol is used as an ingredient in the preparation of a wide range of tailor-made products for numerous specialty and standard applications.
Hexamethyleneglycol can be used for a variety of applications such as:
a structure-directing agent for the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite
a solvent for titanium tetraisopropoxide to form titanium oxide (TiO2) nanocrystals
a phase change material in combination with lauric acid for thermal energy storage applications

In Acrylics
Hexamethyleneglycol is utilized as an ingredient in the manufacture of the bifunctional hexanediol diacrylate which is a monomer that is normally used in conjunction with other acrylic monomers as a reactive diluent for decorative coatings and printing inks.

In Adhesives
Urethanes and co-terephthalates that are based on Hexamethyleneglycol provide faster better tack properties and crystallization.
Due to its low glass transition property, Hexamethyleneglycol offers high flexibility as well as excellent adhesive properties.

Other Uses
Hexamethyleneglycol is incorporated into the production of other compounds used in polymeric thickeners, sizing agents, plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride, pesticides, and surfactants dyestuffs as a flexible building block.

Preparation
Hexamethyleneglycol is produced by a propriety process that is based on BASF technology.
Industrially, Hexamethyleneglycol is prepared by the hydrogenation of adipic acid.
Conversely, in the laboratory, Hexamethyleneglycol can be synthesized by the reduction of adipic acid with lithium aluminum hydride.

Quality and Analysis
The assay of the pure product is about 98 %; impurities are various diols and -caprolactone as well as traces of water.
The color number of the product determined photometrically according to the Pt/Co scale must not exceed 15 APHA.
Above 70 ℃, Hexamethyleneglycol tends to turn yellow.

Production
Hexamethyleneglycol is prepared by the hydrogenation of adipic acid or its esters.
Laboratory preparation could be achieved by reduction of adipates with lithium aluminium hydride, although this method is impractical on a commercial scale.

Production Methods
Hexamethyleneglycol is produced industrially by the catalytic hydrogenation of adipic acid or of its esters.
Mixtures of dicarboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids with C6 components formed in other processes (e.g., in cyclohexane oxidation) are also used.
Esterifification of "distillation heavies" with lower alcohols is often carried out before hydrogenation.
The acids are hydrogenated continuously at 170-240 ℃ and at 15.0-30.0 MPa on a suitable catalyst either in a trickle-flflow (downflflow) or a bubble-flflow (upflflow) fifixed-bed reactor.

The reactor temperature is controlled by circulating part of the reactor discharge.
The hydrogen required for the hydrogenation is fed together with the recycle gas through the recycle gas compressor to the reactor.
Side products of the synthesis are alcohols, ethers, diols, and esters.
Pure Hexamethyleneglycol is obtained by fractional distillation of the crude reactor discharge.
For the hydrogenation of dicarboxylic acids, catalysts containing cobalt, copper, or manganese are suitable.
For the hydrogenation of esters, catalysts such as copper chromite or copper with added zinc and barium are used as "full catalysts" or on inert carriers.
Ruthenium, platinum, or palladium on inert supports can also be used.
Gas-phase hydrogenation of esters of adipic or 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid can be carried out at 1-7 MPa.
Both acids and esters also may be hydrogenated using suspended catalysts.
Oligomeric esters of the product diol and adipic acid can also be hydrogenated.

Synonyms
Hexylene glycol
2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL
107-41-5
2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol
Diolane
Pinakon
2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-
2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane
Isol
4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol
Caswell No. 574
2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol
2-Methyl-2,4-pentandiol
hexyleneglycol
HSDB 1126
UNII-KEH0A3F75J
(+-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
NSC 8098
NSC-8098
EINECS 203-489-0
KEH0A3F75J
alpha,alpha,alpha'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 068601
BRN 1098298
1,3-dimethyl-3-hydroxybutanol
CCRIS 9439
DTXSID5021885
CHEBI:62995
AI3-00919
Hexylene glycol [NF]
1,3,3-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol
TRACID RUBINE 5BL
DTXCID101885
EC 203-489-0
1,1,3-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol
4-01-00-02565 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Hexylene glycol (NF)
HEXYLENE GLYCOL (II)
HEXYLENE GLYCOL [II]
7-MethylAtracuriumDimesylate(MixtureofDiastereomers)
MPD
HEXYLENE GLYCOL (MART.)
HEXYLENE GLYCOL [MART.]
HEXYLENE GLYCOL (USP-RS)
HEXYLENE GLYCOL [USP-RS]
CAS-107-41-5
2-Methylpentan-2,4-diol
2-Methyl-pentane-2,4-diol
64229-01-2
MFCD00004547
Hexylene glycol, 99%
R-(-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL
2methyl-2,4-pentanediol
Hexylene glycol, >=99%
Hexylene glycol, 99.5%
SCHEMBL19379
HEXYLENE GLYCOL [MI]
1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol
HEXYLENE GLYCOL [HSDB]
HEXYLENE GLYCOL [INCI]
CHEMBL2104293
NSC8098
(?)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
HMS3264E19
HY-B0903
Hexylene glycol, analytical standard
Tox21_201975
Tox21_302818
s3588
AKOS015901459
CCG-213719
WLN: QY1 & 1XQ1 & 1
NCGC00249143-01
NCGC00256494-01
NCGC00259524-01
AC-13749
AS-58339
Hexylene glycol, BioXtra, >=99% (GC)
(+/-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, MPD
FT-0605050
FT-0605756
FT-0613069
Hexylene glycol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
M0384
(S)-(-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL
.alpha.,.alpha.'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol
Hexylene glycol, BioUltra, >=99.0% (GC)
D04439
EN300-170052
AB01563179_01
J-640306
J-660006
Q2792203
W-108748
Z1255485267
Hexylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

DESCRIPTION:
Hexamethylenetetramine, also known as methenamine, hexamine, or its trade name Urotropin, is a heterocyclic organic compound with the formula (CH2)6N4.
Hexamethylenetetramine is highly soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Hexamethylenetetramine has a cage-like structure similar to adamantane.

CAS Number, 100-97-0
EC Number, 202-905-8

Hexamethylenetetramine is useful in the synthesis of other organic compounds, including plastics, pharmaceuticals, and rubber additives.
Hexamethylenetetramine sublimes in vacuum at 280 °C.


Hexamethylenetetramine appears as odorless white crystalline powder or colorless lustrous crystals.
Hexamethylenetetramine Sublimes in a vacuum at about 505 °F with some decomposition.
Solutions are strong bases (pH of 0.2 molar aqueous solution is 8.4).


Hexamethylenetetramine is a polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.
Hexamethylenetetramine has a role as an antibacterial drug.
Hexamethylenetetramine is a polycyclic cage, a polyazaalkane and a tetramine.


Hexamethylenetetramine is a heterocyclic organic compound with a cage-like structure similar to adamantane.
In salt form Hexamethylenetetramine is used for the treatment of urinary tract infection (Example: methenamine hippurate which is the hippuric acid salt of methenamine).







SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, REACTIVITY OF HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE:
Hexamethylenetetramine was discovered by Aleksandr Butlerov in 1859.
Hexamethylenetetramine is prepared industrially by combining formaldehyde and ammonia:
The reaction can be conducted in gas phase and in solution.


The molecule has a tetrahedral cage-like structure, similar to adamantane.
Four vertices are occupied by nitrogen atoms, which are linked by methylene groups.
Although the molecular shape defines a cage, no void space is available at the interior for binding other atoms or molecules, unlike crown ethers or larger cryptand structures.


The molecule behaves like an amine base, undergoing protonation and N-alkylation (e.g. quaternium-15).

APPLICATIONS OF HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE:
The dominant use of hexamethylenetetramine is in the production of powdery or liquid preparations of phenolic resins and phenolic resin moulding compounds, where it is added as a hardening component.
These products are used as binders, e.g. in brake and clutch linings, abrasive products, non-woven textiles, formed parts produced by moulding processes, and fireproof materials.

Industry Uses:
Hexamethylenetetramine is dominantly used in the production of powdery or liquid preparations of phenolic resins and phenolic resin molding compounds where it is added as a hardening component.
These products are used as binders in the manufacture of brake and clutch linings, abrasive products, non-woven textiles, formed parts produced by molding processes, and fireproof materials.
Hexamethylenetetramine is also used in the medical profession for the treatment of urinary tract infections.

Because Hexamethylenetetramine is smokeless when burned, has a high energy density of 30.0 megajoules per kilogram (MJ/kg), does not liquify while burning, and leaves no ashes, hexamethylenetetramine is a component of hexamine fuel tablets used by campers, hobbyists, the military and relief organizations for heating camping food as well as military rations.
The crystalline compound is also used as a reagent in organic chemistry, a food additive as a preservative, and as the base component in the manufacture of certain explosives.





MEDICAL USES OF HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE:
As the mandelic acid salt (methenamine mandelate) or the hippuric acid salt (methenamine hippurate), it is used for the treatment of urinary tract infection.
In an acidic environment, methenamine is believed to act as an antimicrobial by converting to formaldehyde.
A systematic review of its use for this purpose in adult women found there was insufficient evidence of benefit and further research is needed.

A UK study showed that methenamine is as effective as daily low-dose antibiotics at preventing UTIs among women who experience recurrent UTIs.
As methenamine is an antiseptic, it may avoid the issue of antibiotic resistance.
Methenamine acts as an over-the-counter antiperspirant due to the astringent property of formaldehyde.


HISTOLOGICAL STAINS OF HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE:
Methenamine silver stains are used for staining in histology, including the following types:
Grocott's methenamine silver stain, used widely as a screen for fungal organisms.
Jones' stain, a methenamine silver-Periodic acid-Schiff that stains for basement membrane, availing to view the "spiked" Glomerular basement membrane associated with membranous glomerulonephritis.


Solid fuel:
Together with 1,3,5-trioxane, hexamethylenetetramine is a component of hexamine fuel tablets used by campers, hobbyists, the military and relief organizations for heating camping food or military rations.
It burns smokelessly, has a high energy density of 30.0 megajoules per kilogram (MJ/kg), does not liquify while burning, and leaves no ashes, although its fumes are toxic.[citation needed]
Standardized 0.149 g tablets of methenamine (hexamine) are used by fire-protection laboratories as a clean and reproducible fire source to test the flammability of carpets and rugs.


Food additive:
Hexamethylenetetramine or hexamine is also used as a food additive as a preservative (INS number 239).
Hexamethylenetetramine is approved for usage for this purpose in the EU, where it is listed under E number E239, however it is not approved in the USA, Russia, Australia, or New Zealand.

Reagent in organic chemistry:
Hexamethylenetetramine is a versatile reagent in organic synthesis.
Hexamethylenetetramine is used in the Duff reaction (formylation of arenes), the Sommelet reaction (converting benzyl halides to aldehydes), and in the Delepine reaction (synthesis of amines from alkyl halides).


Explosives:
Hexamethylenetetramine is the base component to produce RDX and, consequently, C-4 as well as octogen (a co-product with RDX), hexamine dinitrate, hexamine diperchlorate and HMTD.


HISTORICAL USES OF HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE:
Hexamethylenetetramine was first introduced into the medical setting in 1895 as a urinary antiseptic.
However, it was only used in cases of acidic urine, whereas boric acid was used to treat urinary tract infections with alkaline urine.
Scientist De Eds found that there was a direct correlation between the acidity of hexamethylenetetramine's environment and the rate of its decomposition.

Therefore, its effectiveness as a drug depended greatly on the acidity of the urine rather than the amount of the drug administered.
In an alkaline environment, hexamethylenetetramine was found to be almost completely inactive.
Hexamethylenetetramine was also used as a method of treatment for soldiers exposed to phosgene in World War I.

Subsequent studies have shown that large doses of hexamethylenetetramine provide some protection if taken before phosgene exposure but none if taken afterwards.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE:
Chemical formula, C6H12N4
Molar mass, 140.186 g/mol
Appearance, White crystalline solid
Odor, Fishy, ammonia like
Density, 1.33 g/cm3 (at 20 °C)
Melting point, 280 °C (536 °F; 553 K) (sublimes)
Solubility in water, 85.3 g/100 mL
Solubility, Soluble in chloroform, methanol, ethanol, acetone, benzene, xylene, ether
Solubility in chloroform, 13.4 g/100 g (20 °C)
Solubility in methanol, 7.25 g/100 g (20 °C)
Solubility in ethanol, 2.89 g/100 g (20 °C)
Solubility in acetone, 0.65 g/100 g (20 °C)
Solubility in benzene, 0.23 g/100 g (20 °C)
Acidity (pKa), 4.89
Molecular Weight
140.19 g/mol
XLogP3-AA
0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Rotatable Bond Count
0
Exact Mass
140.106196400 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
140.106196400 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
13Ų
Heavy Atom Count
10
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
84.8
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Density, 1.331 g/cm3 (22 °C)
Flash point, 250 °C
Ignition temperature, 390 °C
Melting Point, 280 °C Not applicable
pH value, 7 - 10 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure, Bulk density, 600 kg/m3
Solubility, 895 g/l soluble





SYNONYMS OF HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE:
Aminoform
Hexamethylenetetramine
Hexamine
Hexamine Silver
Methenamine
Methenamine Silver
Methenamine, Silver
Silver Methenamine
Silver, Hexamine
Silver, Methenamine
Urotropin
methenamine
Hexamethylenetetramine
100-97-0
Hexamine
Urotropine
Aminoform
Hexamethylenamine
Urotropin
1,3,5,7-Tetraazaadamantane
HMTA
Hexamethylene tetramine
Methenamin
Uritone
Hexamethylenetetraamine
Formamine
Aminoformaldehyde
Ammoform
Ammonioformaldehyde
Antihydral
Cystamin
Cystogen
Duirexol
Hexaform
Metramine
Resotropin
Uratrine
Urodeine
Xametrin
Formin
Heterin
Uramin
Preparation AF
Hexamethyleneamine
Hexilmethylenamine
Hexa-Flo-Pulver
Ekagom H
methenaminum
Hexaloids
Hexaminum
Metenamina
Aceto HMT
Herax UTS
Hexasan
Hexamethylentetramin
Nocceler H
Sanceler H
Formin (heterocycle)
Hexamine (heterocycle)
Vulkacit H 30
Hexamethylentetraminum
Hexamethylentetramine
S 4 (heterocycle)
Hexamethylenetetraminum
Esametilentetramina
Hexasan (VAN)
Methamin
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane
Caswell No. 482
Uro-phosphate
Sanceler HT
Heksa K
Hexamine Superfine
Nocceler H-PO
Sanceler HT-PO
Hexa (vulcanization accelerator)
Hexa B
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1~3,7~]decane
Cohedur H 30
Rhenogran HEXA 80
Thixon 715B
Metenamine
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo (3.3.1.1(3,7))decane
CCRIS 2297
HSDB 563
Vesaloin
Urisol
HMT
Metenamina [INN-Spanish]
Methenaminum [INN-Latin]
UNII-J50OIX95QV
EINECS 202-905-8
J50OIX95QV
NSC 26346
NSC-26346
Hexamine (JAN)
Hexamine (TN)
EL 10 (corrosion inhibitor)
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 045501
NSC 403347
CHEBI:6824
INS NO.239
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decane
DTXSID6020692
AI3-09611
Hexamethylenetetramine (aliphatic)
INS-239
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.1(sup 37))decane
EL 10
Methenamine (USP/INN)
Methenamine [USP:INN]
NSC-403347
DTXCID00692
Silver Methenamine
H.M.T.
E-239
EC 202-905-8
1,3,5,7-tetrazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane
Formin (the heterocyclic compound)
NSC26346
MFCD00006895
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.1(sup 3,7))decane
NCGC00094719-04
E239
HEXAMINE [JAN]
Hexamine Silver
Methenamine (USP:INN)
Metenamina (INN-Spanish)
Methenaminum (INN-Latin)
Methenamine Silver
METHENAMINE (MART.)
METHENAMINE [MART.]
METHENAMINE (USP-RS)
METHENAMINE [USP-RS]
S 4
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decane
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1^{3,7}]decane
METHENAMINE (EP MONOGRAPH)
METHENAMINE [EP MONOGRAPH]
METHENAMINE (USP MONOGRAPH)
METHENAMINE [USP MONOGRAPH]
1,3,5,7-TETRAAZATRICYCLO(3.3.1.1 SUP(3,7))DECANE
Methenamine [USAN:INN]
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decane hydroiodide
CAS-100-97-0
Esametilentetramina [Italian]
Hexamethylentetramin [German]
SMR000857139
hexamethylene-tetramine
NSC403347
SR-05000002024
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.1(3,7))decane
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1{3,7}]decane
UN1328
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1(sup 3,7)]decane
metheneamine
Hexamethylamine
Naphthamine
Methamine
Urasal
Carin
HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE, ACS
Prestwick_79
Vulkacit H30
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7 ]decane
Grasselerator 102
Cystex (Salt/Mix)
hexam-ethylenetetraamine
hexamethylene tetraamine
Spectrum_000991
METHENAMINE [MI]
Spectrum2_000827
Spectrum3_001730
Spectrum4_000872
Spectrum5_001603
Methenamine (Mandelamine)
METHENAMINE [INN]
Formaldehyde-ammonia 6:4
[16]-Adamazane, INN
component of Uro-Phosphate
METHENAMINE [HSDB]
METHENAMINE [INCI]
Uro-phosphate (Salt/Mix)
1,5,7-Tetraazaadamantane
Hexamethylentetramin(german)
METHENAMINE [VANDF]
Hexamethylenetetramine, 8CI
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1?,?]decane
SCHEMBL33785
BSPBio_003380
Hexamethylenetetramine, tech.
KBioGR_001563
KBioSS_001471
METHENAMINE [WHO-DD]
Hexamethylenetetramine [UN1328] [Flammable solid]
MLS001332361
MLS001332362
MLS002207085
DivK1c_000322
SPECTRUM1500394
SPBio_000753
Hexamethylenetetramine, BioXtra
CHEMBL1201270
GTPL10913
HMS501A04
KBio1_000322
KBio2_001471
KBio2_004039
KBio2_006607
KBio3_002600
J01XX05
NINDS_000322
HMS1920L13
HMS2091D08
HMS2233B09
HMS3371O15
HMS3652A05
HMS3715D17
Pharmakon1600-01500394
HY-B0514
STR00289
Tox21_113455
Tox21_201606
Tox21_300502
CCG-40289
Hexamethylenetetramine, LR, >=99%
NSC757101
s3139
STL197471
AKOS000120003
AKOS005169648
Tox21_113455_1
Urotropine 100 microg/mL in Methanol
DB06799
NSC-757101
IDI1_000322
NCGC00094719-01
NCGC00094719-02
NCGC00094719-03
NCGC00094719-05
NCGC00094719-06
NCGC00094719-08
NCGC00254463-01
NCGC00259155-01
SBI-0051439.P003
FT-0627024
FT-0669190
H0093
Hexamethylenetetramine, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
SW199604-2
EN300-16855
1,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane
D00393
Hexamethylenetetramine, ACS reagent, >=99.0%
Q71969
AB00052038_08
AB00052038_09
1,3,5,7-tetraaza-tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo-[3.3.1.13,7]decane
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3,3,1,13,7]decane
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1,3,7]decane
AE-641/00560026
WLN: T66 B6 A B-C 1B I BN DN FN HNTJ
Hexamethylenetetramine [UN1328] [Flammable solid]
Hexamethylenetetramine, analytical reference material
Hexamethylenetetramine, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%
Hexamethylenetetramine, SAJ first grade, >=98.5%
J-000293
J-521456
SR-05000002024-1
SR-05000002024-3
1,3,5,7-tetraaza-tricyclo[3.3.1.1*3,7*]decane
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo-[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decane
BRD-K30114692-001-10-0
Hexamethylenetetramine, JIS special grade, >=99.0%
F2173-0429
Z362014242
Methenamine, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Methenamine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
InChI=1/C6H12N4/c1-7-2-9-4-8(1)5-10(3-7)6-9/h1-6H
Hexamethylenetetramine, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99.0%

Hexamethylenetetramine is a white crystalline heterocyclic organic compound
Hexamethylenetetramine is highly soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Hexamethylenetetramine's chemical formula is (CH2)6N4.


CAS NUMBER: 100-97-0

EC NUMBER: 202-905-8

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C6H12N4

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 140.19 g/mol

IUPAC NAME: 1,3,5,7-tetrazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane



Hexamethylenetetramine is also known as methenamine, hexamine, or urotropin
Hexamethylenetetramine is a heterocyclic organic compound

Hexamethylenetetramine's molecular formula is (CH2)6N4.
This white crystalline compound is highly soluble in water and polar organic solvents.

Hexamethylenetetramine has a cage-like structure similar to adamantane.
Hexamethylenetetramine is useful in the synthesis of other organic compounds, including plastics, pharmaceuticals, and rubber additives.

Hexamethylenetetramine sublimes in vacuum at 280 °C.
Hexamethylenetetramine is also known as methenamine

The flammable solid has a cage-like structure similar to adamantine.
Hexamethylenetetramine is used in the synthesis of other chemical compounds such as plastics, pharmaceuticals, and rubber additives.

Hexamethylenetetramine appears as odorless white crystalline powder or colorless lustrous crystals.
Hexamethylenetetramine sublimes in a vacuum at about 505 °F with some decomposition

Hexamethylenetetramine is a polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.
Hexamethylenetetramine has a role as an antibacterial drug.

Hexamethylenetetramine is a polycyclic cage, a polyazaalkane and a tetramine.
Hexamethylenetetramine is a heterocyclic organic compound with a cage-like structure similar to adamantane.
In salt form Hexamethylenetetramine is used for the treatment of urinary tract infection


APPLICATIONS:
The dominant use of hexamethylenetetramine is in the production of powdery or liquid preparations of phenolic resins and phenolic resin moulding compounds, where it is added as a hardening component.
These products are used as binders, e.g. in brake and clutch linings, abrasive products, non-woven textiles, formed parts produced by moulding processes, and fireproof materials.

Medical Uses:
As the mandelic acid salt (methenamine mandelate) or the hippuric acid salt (methenamine hippurate), it is used for the treatment of urinary tract infection.
In an acidic environment, methenamine is believed to act as an antimicrobial by converting to formaldehyde.
A systematic review of its use for this purpose in adult women found there was insufficient evidence of benefit and further research is needed.
As Hexamethylenetetramine is an antiseptic, it may avoid the issue of antibiotic resistance.
Hexamethylenetetramine acts as an over-the-counter antiperspirant due to the astringent property of formaldehyde.

Histological Stains:
Hexamethylenetetramine silver stains are used for staining in histology, including the following types:
Hexamethylenetetramine widely used as a screen for fungal organisms.

Solid Fuel:
Together with 1,3,5-trioxane, hexamethylenetetramine is a component of hexamine fuel tablets used by campers, hobbyists, the military and relief organizations for heating camping food or military rations.
Hexamethylenetetramine burns smokelessly
Hexamethylenetetramine has a high energy density of 30.0 megajoules per kilogram (MJ/kg)

Food Additive:
Hexamethylenetetramine or hexamine is also used as a food additive as a preservative
Hexamethylenetetramine is approved for usage for this purpose in the EU, where it is listed under E number E239, however it is not approved in the USA, Russia, Australia, or New Zealand.

Reagent in Organic Chemistry:
Hexamethylenetetramine is a versatile reagent in organic synthesis.
Hexamethylenetetramine is used in the Duff reaction (formylation of arenes), the Sommelet reaction (converting benzyl halides to aldehydes), and in the Delepine reaction (synthesis of amines from alkyl halides).

Historical Uses:
Hexamethylenetetramine was first introduced into the medical setting in 1895 as a urinary antiseptic.
However, Hexamethylenetetramine was only used in cases of acidic urine, whereas boric acid was used to treat urinary tract infections with alkaline urine.
Scientist De Eds found that there was a direct correlation between the acidity of hexamethylenetetramine's environment and the rate of its decomposition.
Therefore, its effectiveness as a drug depended greatly on the acidity of the urine rather than the amount of the drug administered.
In an alkaline environment, hexamethylenetetramine was found to be almost completely inactive.

Hexamethylenetetramine's CAS Number is 100-97-0
Hexamethylenetetramine is an odorless, white crystalline powder or colorless lustrous crystal.

The flammable solid heterocyclic organic compound sublimes in a vacuum at about 505° F with some decomposition.
Hexamethylenetetramine is prepared by combining formaldehyde and ammonia.
The reaction can be conducted in gas phase and in solution.

Industry Uses:
Hexamethylenetetramine is dominantly used in the production of powdery or liquid preparations of phenolic resins and phenolic resin molding compounds where it is added as a hardening component.
These products are used as binders in the manufacture of brake and clutch linings, abrasive products, non-woven textiles, formed parts produced by molding processes, and fireproof materials.
Hexamethylenetetramine is also used in the medical profession for the treatment of urinary tract infections.


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 140.19 g/mol

-XLogP3-AA: 0.3

-Exact Mass: 140.106196400 g/mol

-Monoisotopic Mass: 140.106196400 g/mol

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 13Ų

-Physical Description: odorless white crystalline powder or colorless lustrous crystals

-Color: Colorless

-Form: Solid

-Odor: Odorless

-Boiling Point: Sublimes

-Melting Point: 536 °F

-Flash Point: 250 °C

-Solubility: 302,300 mg/L

-Density: 1.35

-Vapor Density: 4.9

-Vapor Pressure: 0.004 mmHg

-Autoignition Temperature: 390 °C

-Refractive Index: 1.5911

The crystalline compound is also used as a reagent in organic chemistry
Hexamethylenetetramine is used as a food additive

Hexamethylenetetramine can be used as a preservative
Hexamethylenetetramine also used as the base component in the manufacture of certain explosives.


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4

-Rotatable Bond Count: 0

-Heavy Atom Count: 10

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 84.8

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

-Chemical Classes: Nitrogen Compounds -> Amines, Aliphatic


Consumer Uses
-Adhesives and Sealants
-Agricultural Products (non-pesticidal)
-Automotive Care Products
-Building/Construction Materials not covered elsewhere
-CBI
-Plastic and Rubber Products not covered elsewhere

Hexamethylenetetramine is a polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.
Hexamethylenetetramine, also known as methenamine, hexamine, or urotropin, is a heterocyclic organic compound with the formula (CH2)6N4.

This white crystalline compound is highly soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Hexamethylenetetramine has a cage-like structure similar to adamantane.

Hexamethylenetetramine is useful in the synthesis of other organic compounds, including plastics, pharmaceuticals, and rubber additives.
Hexamethylenetetramine sublimes in vacuum at 280 °C.

Hexamethylenetetramine is used especially as an accelerator in vulcanizing rubber and as a urinary antiseptic
Hexamethylenetetramine is also called Methenamine, Hexamethylenetetramine or Urotropin.

Hexamethylenetetramine acts as an anti-infective agent which is most commonly used to treat urinary tract infections.
Hexamethylenetetramine's anti-infective action is derived from the slow release of formaldehyde (CH2O) by hydrolysis at acidic pH of 0.2 molars.
Hexamethylenetetramine is an odourless colourless lustrous crystal or white crystalline powder which is hygroscopic.

USES:
Hexamethylenetetramine is used in the production of liquid or powdery preparations of phenolic resins.
Hexamethylenetetramine is used as binders in clutch and brake linings.

Hexamethylenetetramine is used in the form of spray and cream to treat concomitant odour and excessive sweating.
Hexamethylenetetramine is used in Grocott's methenamine silver stain.

Hexamethylenetetramine is used as a solid fuel.
Hexamethylenetetramine is used as a food preservative.

Hexamethylenetetramine is used as a primary ingredient in making RDX.
Hexamethylenetetramine is used to prevent vulcanized rubber.
Hexamethylenetetramine is used as a corrosion inhibitor for steel.

Hexamethylenetetramine is odorless white crystalline powder or colorless lustrous crystals.
Hexamethylenetetramine sublimes in a vacuum at about 505°F with some decomposition.

Hexamethylenetetramine's solutions are strong bases
Hexamethylenetetramine is a tetraamine compound with a structure analogous to adamantane.

Hexamethylenetetramine is used in synthesis as a formylation agent and is employed in preparing specialized materials.
Hexamethylenetetramine is found in antibiotics, solid fuel tablets used for cooking while camping or hiking, rubber/textile adhesives, paints, lacquers, photography products, and in the production of deodorants and hair products.

Hexamethylenetetramine is used as a preservative in cheeses, in test carpets for fire-protection, and as a hardening component to binders such as brake and clutch linings, abrasive products, nonwoven textiles, and fireproof materials
Hexamethylenetetramine is a white crystalline diamond - hygroscopic crystalline powder or colorless, shiny, flammable.

Melting point is 263℃, if more than the melting point, it will be sublimation and decomposition, but not melting.
Hexamethylenetetramine has a symmetric tetrahedral cage-like structure, similar to adamantane, whose four "corners" are nitrogen atoms and "edges" are methylene bridges.

Although the molecular shape defines a cage, no void space is available at the interior for binding other atoms or molecules, unlike crown ethers or larger cryptand structures.
The molecule behaves like an amine base, undergoing protonation and N-alkylation.

Hexamethylenetetramine is a heterocyclic organic compound that has the chemical formula C6H12N4.
Hexamethylenetetramine is also known as Hexamethylenetetramine, Methenamine, or Urotropin.

Hexamethylenetetramine acts as an anti-infective agent, the most commonly used element to treat urinary tract infections. 
Industrially, Hexamethylenetetramine is prepared by the combination of ammonia and formaldehyde and the reaction can be conducted in a gas phase and solution.

The molecule contains a symmetric tetrahedral cage-like structure, similar to adamantane, whose "edges" are methylene bridges, and the four "corners" are nitrogen atoms.
This compound acts as an anti-infective agent, which is the most commonly used element to treat urinary tract infections.

The anti-infective action of Hexamethylenetetramine is derived from the slow release of formaldehyde (CH2O) by the process of hydrolysis at an acidic pH of 0.2 molars.
Also, Hexamethylenetetramine is a colorless, odorless, and lustrous crystal or white hygroscopic crystalline powder.

GENERAL PROPERTIES:

*The chemical formula for hexamine can be given as C6H12N4,

*The density of Hexamine is 1.33 g/cm3,

*The molecular weight of C6H12N4 is 140.186 g/mol,

*The Boiling point of Hexamine can be given as "Sublimes,"

*The Melting point of Hexamine can be given as 280°C,

*The odor of this compound is Fishy (Ammonia like).


SYNONYMS:

methenamine
Hexamethylenetetramine
100-97-0
Hexamine
Urotropine
Aminoform
Urotropin
Hexamethylenamine
1,3,5,7-Tetraazaadamantane
HMTA
Hexamethylene tetramine
Methenamin
Uritone
Hexamethylenetetraamine
Formamine
Aminoformaldehyde
Ammoform
Ammonioformaldehyde
Antihydral
Cystamin
Cystogen
Duirexol
Hexaform
Metramine
Resotropin
Uratrine
Urodeine
Xametrin
Formin
Heterin
Uramin
Preparation AF
Hexamethyleneamine
Hexilmethylenamine
Hexa-Flo-Pulver
Ekagom H
methenaminum
Hexaloids
Hexaminum
Metenamina
Aceto HMT
Herax UTS
Hexasan
Hexamethylentetramin
Nocceler H
Sanceler H
Formin (heterocycle)
Hexamine (heterocycle)
Vulkacit H 30
Hexamethylentetraminum
Hexamethylentetramine
S 4 (heterocycle)
Hexamethylenetetraminum
Esametilentetramina
Silver Methenamine
Hexasan (VAN)
Methamin
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane
Caswell No. 482
Hexamine Silver
Uro-phosphate
Sanceler HT
Heksa K
Hexamine Superfine
Methenamine Silver
Nocceler H-PO
Sanceler HT-PO
Hexa B
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1~3,7~]decane
Cohedur H 30
Rhenogran HEXA 80
Thixon 715B
Metenamine
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo (3.3.1.1(3,7))decane
CCRIS 2297
HSDB 563
Vesaloin
Urisol
HMT
Methenamine
Metenamina
Methenaminum
UNII-J50OIX95QV
EINECS 202-905-8
J50OIX95QV
NSC 26346
NSC-26346
Hexamine (JAN)
Hexamine (TN)
Esametilentetramina
Hexamethylentetramin
CHEBI:6824
INS NO.239
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decane
DTXSID6020692
hexamethylene-tetramine
AI3-09611
C6H12N4
Hexamethylenetetramine (aliphatic)
INS-239
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.1(sup 37))decane
UN1328
NSC-403347
DTXCID00692
H.M.T.
E-239
EC 202-905-8
1,3,5,7-tetrazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane
Formin (the heterocyclic compound)
NSC26346
MFCD00006895
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.1(sup 3,7))decane
NCGC00094719-04
E239
Hexamethylenetetramine
S 4
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decane
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1^{3,7}]decane
METHENAMINE (EP MONOGRAPH)
METHENAMINE [EP MONOGRAPH]
METHENAMINE (USP MONOGRAPH)
METHENAMINE [USP MONOGRAPH]
1,3,5,7-TETRAAZATRICYCLO(3.3.1.1 SUP(3,7))DECANE
C6H12N4.xHI
C6-H12-N4.x-H-I
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decane hydroiodide
CAS-100-97-0
SMR000857139
NSC403347
1,3,5,7-Tetraazotricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane
SR-05000002024
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.1(3,7))decane
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1{3,7}]decane
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1(sup 3,7)]decane
metheneamine
Hexamethylamine
Naphthamine
Methamine
Urasal
Carin
Hexamthylnettramine
HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE, ACS
Heksametylentetramin
Hexametilentetramina
Prestwick_79
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane hydroiodide
Vulkacit H30
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7 ]decane
Grasselerator 102
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.1(3,7)-)decane, hydriodide
Cystex (Salt/Mix)
hexam-ethylenetetraamine
hexamethylene tetraamine
Spectrum_000991
HMT (CHRIS Code)
METHENAMINE [MI]
1357-Tetraazaadamantane
Spectrum2_000827
Spectrum3_001730
Spectrum4_000872
Spectrum5_001603
Methenamine (Mandelamine)
METHENAMINE [INN]
Formaldehyde-ammonia 6:4
[16]-Adamazane, INN
component of Uro-Phosphate
METHENAMINE
Uro-phosphate (Salt/Mix)
1,5,7-Tetraazaadamantane
D02LJR
METHENAMINE [VANDF]
Hexamethylenetetramine, 8CI
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1?,?]decane
SCHEMBL33785
BSPBio_003380
Hexamethylenetetramine (8CI)
Hexamethylenetetramine, tech.
KBioGR_001563
KBioSS_001471
METHENAMINE [WHO-DD]
MLS001332361
MLS001332362
MLS002207085
DivK1c_000322
Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA)
SPECTRUM1500394
SPBio_000753
Hexamethylenetetramine, BioXtra
CHEMBL1201270
GTPL10913
HMS501A04
J01XX05
NINDS_000322
HMS1920L13
HMS2091D08
HMS2233B09
HMS3371O15
HMS3652A05
HMS3715D17
Pharmakon1600-01500394
HY-B0514
STR00289
CCG-40289
Hexamethylenetetramine, LR, >=99%
LS-313
NA1328
NSC757101
s3139
STL197471
AKOS000120003
AKOS005169648
Hexamethylenetetraamine; (Methenamine)
Tox21_113455_1
Urotropine 100 microg/mL in Methanol
DB06799
NSC-757101
IDI1_000322
NCGC00094719-01
NCGC00094719-02
NCGC00094719-03
NCGC00094719-05
NCGC00094719-06
NCGC00094719-08
NCGC00254463-01
NCGC00259155-01
SBI-0051439.P003
FT-0627024
FT-0669190
H0093
Hexamethylenetetramine, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
SW199604-2
EN300-16855
1,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane
D00393
Q71969
AB00052038_08
AB00052038_09
1,3,5,7-tetraaza-tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo-[3.3.1.13,7]decane
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3,3,1,13,7]decane
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1,3,7]decane
1,5:3,7-Dimethano-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane
AE-641/00560026
WLN: T66 B6 A B-C 1B I BN DN FN HNTJ
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatriciclo [3.3.1.13,7] decano
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo-nu[3.3.1.13,7]decane
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.13#,7]decane
Hexamethylenetetramine [UN1328] [Flammable solid]
Hexamethylenetetramine
J-000293
J-521456
SR-05000002024-1
SR-05000002024-3
1,3,5,7-tetraaza-tricyclo[3.3.1.1*3,7*]decane
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo-[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decane
BRD-K30114692-001-10-0
Hexamethylenetetramine
F2173-0429
Z362014242
Methenamine
1 3 5 7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.13 7]decane (Urotropine)
Hexamethylenetetramine

Hexamine, Formin, Urotropin; 1,3,5,7- Tetraazaadamantane; Ammonioformaldehyde; Aceto HMT; Aminoform; Ammoform; Cystamin; Cystogen; Formamine; Hexaform; Hexamethylenamine; Urotropin; Hexilmethylenamine; HMT; CAS NO:100-97-0

HEXAMIDINE DIISETHIONATE CAS Number: 659-40-5 Hexamidine Diisethionate What Is Hexamidine Diisethionate? In cosmetics and personal-care products, Hexamidine and Hexamidine Diisethionate function as a preservatives and are used in the formulation of hair, nail, and skin-care products, as well as eye makeup and baby products. Why is Hexamidine Diisethionate used in cosmetics and personal care products? Hexamidine Diisethionate helps cleanse the skin or prevent odor by destroying or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. Scientific Facts: Hexamidine Diisethionate is an organic salt of Hexamidine. Hexamidine is soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents. These ingredients function as preservatives, which help cleanse the skin or prevent odor by inhibiting the growth of or destroying microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and yeast. HEXAMIDINE DIISETHIONATE HEXAMIDINE DIISETHIONATE is classified as : Antifoaming Emollient Preservative Skin conditioning CAS Number 659-40-5 EINECS/ELINCS No: 211-533-5 Restriction (applies to EU only): VI/47 COSING REF No: 34260 Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-Hydroxyethanesulphonic acid, compound with 4,4'-[hexane-1,6-diylbis(oxy)]bis[benzenecarboxamidine] (2:1) Hexamidine Hexamidine Skeletal formula of hexamidine Ball-and-stick model Names IUPAC name 4,4'-[hexane-1,6-diylbis(oxy)]dibenzenecarboximidamide Other names 4-[6-(4-carbamimidoylphenoxy)hexoxy]benzamidine Identifiers CAS Number 3811-75-4 check 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:87184 ☒ ChEMBL ChEMBL25105 check ChemSpider 58639 check DrugBank DB03808 check PubChem CID 65130 UNII 3483C2H13H check CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID60191524 InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula C20H26N4O2 Molar mass 354.446 Pharmacology ATC code D08AC04 (WHO) R01AX07 (WHO) R02AA18 (WHO) S01AX08 (WHO) S03AA05 (WHO) Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☒ verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Hexamidine is an antiseptic and disinfectant. Hexomedine is the trade name of a diisethionate solution (1/1.000) of hexamidine.[1] Hexamidine is used primarily as its diisethionate salt, which is more water-soluble than the dihydrochloride. The dihydrochloride was first synthesized and patented as a trypanocide for May & Baker in 1939. Its amoebicidal properties emerged in the 1990s. The exact mechanism of its biocidal action is unknown, but presumed similar to quaternary ammonium compounds, involving binding to the negatively charged lipid membranes of pathogens. Hexamidine and its shorter congener, propamidine, are used as antiseptics and preservatives in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. They are particularly used for the topical treatment of acanthamoebiasis (Acanthamoeba keratitis) Molecular Weight of Hexamidine Diisethionate 606.7 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Countt of Hexamidine Diisethionate 8 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Countt of Hexamidine Diisethionate 12 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Countt of Hexamidine Diisethionate 15 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Masst of Hexamidine Diisethionate 606.202936 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Masst of Hexamidine Diisethionate 606.202936 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Areat of Hexamidine Diisethionate 284 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Countt of Hexamidine Diisethionate 40 Computed by PubChem Formal Charget of Hexamidine Diisethionate 0 Computed by PubChem Complexityt of Hexamidine Diisethionate 505 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Countt of Hexamidine Diisethionate 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Countt of Hexamidine Diisethionate 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Countt of Hexamidine Diisethionate 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Countt of Hexamidine Diisethionate 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Countt of Hexamidine Diisethionate 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Countt of Hexamidine Diisethionate 3 Computed by PubChem Compound of Hexamidine Diisethionate is Canonicalized Yes CAS number: 659-40-5 "Satisfactory" in all categories. Origin (s): Synthetic INCI name: HEXAMIDINE DIISETHIONATE EINECS / ELINCS number: 211-533-5 Classification: Regulated, Conservative Restriction in Europe: The maximum authorized concentration in ready-to-use cosmetic preparations is 0.1%. Its functions (INCI) Anti-foaming: Suppresses foam during manufacturing / reduces foaming in liquid end products Emollient: Softens and softens the skin Preservative: Inhibits the development of microorganisms in cosmetic products. Skin care agent: Keeps the skin in good condition Anti-Dandruff: Helps fight dandruff Antimicrobial: Helps slow the growth of microorganisms on the skin and inhibits the growth of microbes This ingredient is present in 0.06% of cosmetics. HEXAMIDINE (DIISETHIONATE) Each drug has one or more active principle (s) which gives it (s) a particular therapeutic effect. An active principle can be a set of chemical compounds or a natural plant, mineral or animal substance. Find in this section a medicine according to its active principle, also called active substance. Hexamidine can cause contact dermatitis. It is considered non-toxic in cosmetics for concentrations of 0.03% to 0.1%. HEXAMIDINE: MECHANISM OF ACTION Hexamidine (belonging to the family of diamidines) is a cationic antibacterial agent and exhibits surfactant properties. In vitro, its activity is exerted on Gram + bacteria and is not inhibited by pus, serum or organic debris. HEXAMIDINE: USE CASE Ophthalmically, hexamidine is used in the management of: bacterial blepharitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis, bacterial keratoconjunctivitis. By the nasal route, hexamidine is used in the management of acute nasopharyngitis. Dermally, hexamidine is used in the management of bacterial skin conditions. By the ear, in combination with lidocaine, hexamidine is used in the management of otitis externa. By local route, in combination with lidocaine or tetracaine, hexamidine is used in the management of oral disorders.

CAS Number: 100-97-0
EC Number: 202-905-8
Formula:C6H12N4
Preferred IUPAC name: 1,3,5,7-Tetraazaadamantane
Substance name:Hexamethylenetetramine
Trade name:Hexamine
DESCRIPTION:

Hexamethylenetetramine, also known as methenamine, hexamine, or urotropin, is a heterocyclic organic compound with the formula (CH2)6N4.
Hexamine is highly soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Hexamine has a cage-like structure similar to adamantane.
Hexamine is useful in the synthesis of other organic compounds, including plastics, pharmaceuticals, and rubber additives.
Hexamine sublimes in vacuum at 280 °C.
Hexamine also called methenamine, Hexamine is a white crystalline solid.
Hexamine is moderately soluble in water and is very soluble in most organic solvents.
Hexamine is a heterocyclic organic compound that can be prepared by a reaction of formaldehyde and ammonia.

C6H12N4 is a heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical name Hexamine.
It is also called Methenamine, Hexamethylenetetramine or Urotropin.

Hexamine acts as an anti-infective agent which is most commonly used to treat urinary tract infections.
Its anti-infective action is derived from the slow release of formaldehyde (CH2O) by hydrolysis at acidic pH of 0.2 molars.
Hexamine is an odourless colourless lustrous crystal or white crystalline powder which is hygroscopic.
Hexamine is a urinary tract antiseptic that is used as suppressive therapy for chronic or recurrent urinary tract infections.
Hexamine has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations or to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.
Hexamine is a heterocyclic organic compound with antibiotic activity.
In the body methenamine is converted to formaldehyde, a nonspecific bactericidal agent. Hexamine is typically used long-term to treat chronic urinary tract infections and to prevent the recurrence of infections.
Hexamine is a heterocyclic organic compound with a cage-like structure similar to adamantane. In salt form it is used for the treatment of urinary tract infection (Example: methenamine hippurate which is the hippuric acid salt of methenamine).





SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, REACTIVITY OF HEXAMINE:
Hexamine was discovered by Aleksandr Butlerov in 1859.
Hexamine is prepared industrially by combining formaldehyde and ammonia:
The reaction can be conducted in gas phase and in solution.
The molecule has a tetrahedral cage-like structure, similar to adamantane.
Four vertices are occupied by nitrogen atoms, which are linked by methylene groups.
Although the molecular shape defines a cage, no void space is available at the interior for binding other atoms or molecules, unlike crown ethers or larger cryptand structures.
The molecule behaves like an amine base, undergoing protonation and N-alkylation (e.g. quaternium-15).













APPLICATIONS OF HEXAMINE:
The dominant use of hexamethylenetetramine is in the production of powdery or liquid preparations of phenolic resins and phenolic resin moulding compounds, where it is added as a hardening component.
These products are used as binders, e.g. in brake and clutch linings, abrasive products, non-woven textiles, formed parts produced by moulding processes, and fireproof materials.
As an antibiotic, solid food tablet for cooking, in the production of other compounds, in rubber and textile adhesives, paints, lacquers, in the production of explosives, and as a corrosion inhibitor.
Hexamine is used in the production of liquid or powdery preparations of phenolic resins.
Hexamine is Used as binders in clutch and brake linings.
Hexamine is Used in the form of spray and cream to treat concomitant odour and excessive sweating.
Hexamine is Used in Grocott’s methenamine silver stain.
Hexamine is Used as a solid fuel.
Hexamine is Used as a food preservative.
Hexamine is Used as a primary ingredient in making RDX.
Hexamine is Used to prevent vulcanized rubber.
Hexamine is Used as a corrosion inhibitor for steel.

One of the major uses of Hexamine is in the manufacture of dinitrosopentamethylene-tetramine, a blowing agent for rubber.
Hexamine is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of Bakelite phenol formaldehyde molding powders.
Hexamine is used as a basic raw material in slurry explosives.
Hexamine has many other applications in the manufacture of plastics, paints, foundry resins, textiles, plywood, laminated sheets, cement, fertilizers, pesticides, solid fuel tablets etc.
Unstabilized Hexamine is used in adhesives, coatings and sealing compounds, in the preservation of hides, as cross-linking agent for hardening phenol-formaldehyde resins and vulcanizing rubber, as corrosion inhibitor for steel, as dye fixative, as fuel tablets for camping stoves, as stabilizer for lubricating and insulating oils, for manufacture of explosives, chemical detection of metals and as an urinary antiseptic.
Stabilized Hexamine is used in process industry, as per the requirements of specific customers.
Hexamethylenetetramine is prepared industrially by reacting formaldehyde and ammonia.

The reaction can be conducted in gas phase and in solution.

MAJOR APPLICATIONS:
• Curing agent for industrial phenolic resins (Novolac Resins)
• Rubber and lacquer film as cross-linking or vulcanizing agent
• Plastics industry
• Mining explosives
• Medicine and food industry
• Analytical chemistry
• As dry fuel - Fuel tablets
• Chemical intermediate/chemical synthesis
• Antiseptic agent for livestock
• Preservative & anti-microbial effect
• Corrosion inhibitor
• Foam manufacturing
• Synthetic resin industry
• Pharmaceuticals industry
• Photographic industry
• Metal industry
• Lubricant industry



Medical uses:
As the mandelic acid salt (methenamine mandelate) or the hippuric acid salt (methenamine hippurate), it is used for the treatment of urinary tract infection.
In an acidic environment, methenamine is believed to act as an antimicrobial by converting to formaldehyde.
A systematic review of its use for this purpose in adult women found there was insufficient evidence of benefit and further research is needed.
Methenamine acts as an over-the-counter antiperspirant due to the astringent property of formaldehyde.

Histological stains:
Methenamine silver stains are used for staining in histology, including the following types:
Grocott's methenamine silver stain, used widely as a screen for fungal organisms.
Jones' stain, a methenamine silver-Periodic acid-Schiff that stains for basement membrane, availing to view the "spiked" Glomerular basement membrane associated with membranous glomerulonephritis.
Solid fuel:
Together with 1,3,5-trioxane, hexamethylenetetramine is a component of hexamine fuel tablets used by campers, hobbyists, the military and relief organizations for heating camping food or military rations.
It burns smokelessly, has a high energy density of 30.0 megajoules per kilogram (MJ/kg), does not liquify while burning, and leaves no ashes, although its fumes are toxic.

Standardized 0.149 g tablets of methenamine (hexamine) are used by fire-protection laboratories as a clean and reproducible fire source to test the flammability of carpets and rugs.

Food additive:
Hexamethylene tetramine or hexamine is also used as a food additive as a preservative (INS number 239).
It is approved for usage for this purpose in the EU, where it is listed under E number E239, however it is not approved in the USA, Russia, Australia, or New Zealand.

Reagent in organic chemistry:
Hexamethylenetetramine is a versatile reagent in organic synthesis.
It is used in the Duff reaction (formylation of arenes), the Sommelet reaction (converting benzyl halides to aldehydes), and in the Delepine reaction (synthesis of amines from alkyl halides).

Explosives:
Hexamethylenetetramine is the base component to produce RDX and, consequently, C-4 as well as Octogen, hexamine dinitrate, hexamine diperchlorate and HMTD.

Historical uses:
Hexamethylenetetramine was first introduced into the medical setting in 1895 as a urinary antiseptic.
However, it was only used in cases of acidic urine, whereas boric acid was used to treat urinary tract infections with alkaline urine.
Scientist De Eds found that there was a direct correlation between the acidity of hexamethylenetetramine's environment and the rate of its decomposition.
Therefore, its effectiveness as a drug depended greatly on the acidity of the urine rather than the amount of the drug administered.
In an alkaline environment, hexamethylenetetramine was found to be almost completely inactive.

Hexamethylenetetramine was also used as a method of treatment for soldiers exposed to phosgene in World War I.
Subsequent studies have shown that large doses of hexamethylenetetramine provide some protection if taken before phosgene exposure but none if taken afterwards.




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HEXAMINE:
Chemical formula: C6H12N4
Molar mass: 140.186 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline solid
Odor: Fishy, ammonia like
Density: 1.33 g/cm3 (at 20 °C)
Melting point: 280 °C (536 °F; 553 K) (sublimes)
Solubility in water: 85.3 g/100 mL
Solubility: Soluble in chloroform, methanol, ethanol, acetone, benzene, xylene, ether
Solubility in chloroform: 13.4 g/100 g (20 °C)
Solubility in methanol: 7.25 g/100 g (20 °C)
Solubility in ethanol: 2.89 g/100 g (20 °C)
Solubility in acetone: 0.65 g/100 g (20 °C)
Solubility in benzene: 0.23 g/100 g (20 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 4.89
Flash point: 250 °C (482 °F; 523 K)
Autoignition temperature: 410 °C (770 °F; 683 K)
CAS Number: 100 – 97 – 0
EINECS Number: 202 – 905 – 8
Chemical Name :Hexamethylene tetramine
Chemical Classification: Amine / Cyclic amine
Formula: C6H12N4
Molecular weight. 140.19
Shipping Name: Hexamine
Codes / Label: Flammable solid, class – 4.1
UN Number: 1328
Description: White crystalline odorless solid.
Molecular Weight: 140.19
XLogP3-AA: 0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 140.106196400
Monoisotopic Mass: 140.106196400
Topological Polar Surface Area: 13 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 84.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Product Standard:
Appearance: White crystals
Purity (%): No less than 99.5
Water Content (%): 0.5 or less
PH（PH）: No less than 7.5
Color Number (APHA): 10 or less
Ash Content (%): 0.01 or less
Ammonium Salt (%): 0.001 or less
Sulfate（SO4）（%）: 0.02
Chloride（Cl）（%）: 0.015
Heavy Metal（Pb）（%）: 0.001


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT HEXAMINE:

Hexamine Hazards:
The routes of exposure to Hexamine include; eye contact, skin contact, inhalation and ingestion.

Eye exposure to hexamine may result in redness and slight abrasive damage.
The discomfort is only expected to be short term

Skin contact with hexamine is not thought to have harmful health effects, but irritation can occur after repeated or prolonged exposure, with redness and swelling being possible symptoms.
If an individual has open cuts or wounds however, they should avoid handling the chemical without the proper PPE as this can result in the chemical entering the bloodstream which will produce greater harm than skin contact alone.

Inhalation of hexamine is mainly a concern for those with an already compromised respiratory function with healthy individuals likely to be unharmed.

When the hexamine evaporates and the ammonia component evaporates into a vapour however, inhalation will be more harmful; causing coughing, vomiting and reddening of the lips mouth, nose and throat.
High concentrations of vapour inhalation may cause difficulty in breathing, tightness in the chest, lung damage and even death by suffocation.

In small quantities, the human metabolism allows for detoxification of ammonia.
In doses larger than 1-2g however, ingestion is likely to lead to; nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Very large doses may produce a drop in blood pressure, collapse, central nervous system disorders, spasms, drowsiness, respiratory paralysis and haemolysis.

Hexamine Safety:
If hexamine enters the eye, flush out the eyes immediately with fresh running water remembering to wash under the eyelids as well.
Removing contact lenses should only be performed by skilled personnel.
Seek medical attention if pain persists.
In the event of skin exposure; remove all contaminated clothing, footwear and accessories and cleanse the affected area with plenty of soap and water.
Contaminated clothing must be washed prior to wearing again.
Seek medical attention if irritation occurs.
If hexamine dust is inhaled, remove the person from the contaminated area and encourage the patient to blow their nose to ensure a clear passage for breathing.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.
In the event of ingestion, vomiting should not be induced.
If vomiting occurs, lean the patient forward or place them on their left side to maintain an open airway and to prevent aspiration.
Observe the patient and seek medical advice.

Hexamine Safety Handling:
Safety showers and emergency eyewash fountains should be accessible in the immediate area of the potential exposure to the chemical.
Ensure the area has adequate ventilation and install local exhaust ventilation if necessary.
Wear proper PPE, such as safety glasses with side shields, chemical goggles, gloves, overalls, aprons, and respirators.
Some plastic PPE is not recommended when handling hexamine, as they may produce static electricity.




SYNONYMS OF HEXAMINE:
Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
methenamine
Hexamethylenetetramine
100-97-0
Hexamine
Urotropine
Aminoform
Urotropin
Hexamethylenamine
Hexamethylene tetramine
1,3,5,7-Tetraazaadamantane
HMTA
Methenamin
Uritone
Hexamethylenetetraamine
Formamine
Aminoformaldehyde
Ammonioformaldehyde
Ammoform
Antihydral
Cystamin
Cystogen
Duirexol
Hexaform
Hexaloids
Metramine
Resotropin
Uratrine
Urodeine
Xametrin
Formin
Heterin
Hexasan
Uramin
Preparation AF
Hexamethyleneamine
Hexilmethylenamine
Hexa-Flo-Pulver
Ekagom H
methenaminum
Aceto HMT
Herax UTS
Hexamethylentetramin
Metenamina
Hexaminum
Formin (heterocycle)
Nocceler H
Sanceler H
Hexamine (heterocycle)
Vulkacit H 30
Hexamethylentetraminum
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane
Hexamethylentetramine
Hexasan (VAN)
S 4 (heterocycle)
Hexamethylenetetraminum
Uro-phosphate
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1~3,7~]decane
Esametilentetramina
Metenamine
Methamin
Vesaloin
Hexa (vulcanization accelerator)
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo (3.3.1.1(3,7))decane
HMT
Hexamine (JAN)
Hexamine (TN)
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decane
Hexamethylenetetramine (aliphatic)
Methenamine (USP/INN)
NSC-26346
J50OIX95QV
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.1(sup 37))decane
CHEBI:6824
H.M.T.
INS NO.239
INS-239
1,3,5,7-tetrazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane
Formin (the heterocyclic compound)
NSC26346
Silver Methenamine
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1^{3,7}]decane
MFCD00006895
NSC-403347
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.1(sup 3,7))decane
NCGC00094719-04
E239
HEXAMINE [JAN]
Hexamine Silver
DSSTox_CID_692
E-239
Hexamethylenetetramine-palladium chloride adduct
Methenamine Silver
DSSTox_RID_75739
DSSTox_GSID_20692
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decane
Caswell No. 482
Methenamine [USAN:INN]
Sanceler HT
Metenamina [INN-Spanish]
Methenaminum [INN-Latin]
Heksa K
Hexamine Superfine
Nocceler H-PO
Sanceler HT-PO
Hexa B
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decane hydroiodide
CAS-100-97-0
Esametilentetramina [Italian]
Hexamethylentetramin [German]
SMR000857139
Cohedur H 30
CCRIS 2297
HSDB 563
hexamethylene-tetramine
NSC403347
Rhenogran HEXA 80
Thixon 715B
1,3,5,7-Tetraazotricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane
SR-05000002024
Methenamine [USP:INN]
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1{3,7}]decane
EINECS 202-905-8
NSC 26346
UN1328
UNII-J50OIX95QV
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1(sup 3,7)]decane
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 045501
NSC 403347
Hexamethylamine
Naphthamine
Urisol
Carin
EL 10 (corrosion inhibitor)
Hexamethylenetetramine solutions
AI3-09611
HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE, ACS
EL 10
Prestwick_79
Vulkacit H30
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7 ]decane
Grasselerator 102
Cystex (Salt/Mix)
hexam-ethylenetetraamine
hexamethylene tetraamine
Spectrum_000991
METHENAMINE [MI]
Spectrum2_000827
Spectrum3_001730
Spectrum4_000872
Spectrum5_001603
Methenamine (Mandelamine)
METHENAMINE [INN]
Formaldehyde-ammonia 6:4
[16]-Adamazane, INN
component of Uro-Phosphate
METHENAMINE [HSDB]
METHENAMINE [INCI]
Uro-phosphate (Salt/Mix)
1,5,7-Tetraazaadamantane
EC 202-905-8
Hexamethylentetramin(german)
METHENAMINE [VANDF]
Hexamethylenetetramine, 8CI
METHENAMINE [MART.]
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1?,?]decane
SCHEMBL33785
BSPBio_003380
Hexamethylenetetramine, tech.
KBioGR_001563
KBioSS_001471
METHENAMINE [USP-RS]
METHENAMINE [WHO-DD]
Hexamethylenetetramine [UN1328] [Flammable solid]
MLS001332361
MLS001332362
MLS002207085
DivK1c_000322
SPECTRUM1500394
SPBio_000753
Hexamethylenetetramine, BioXtra
CHEMBL1201270
DTXSID6020692
GTPL10913
HMS501A04
KBio1_000322
KBio2_001471
KBio2_004039
KBio2_006607
KBio3_002600
NINDS_000322
HMS1920L13
HMS2091D08
HMS2233B09
HMS3371O15
HMS3652A05
HMS3715D17
METHENAMINE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Pharmakon1600-01500394
METHENAMINE [USP MONOGRAPH]
HY-B0514
STR00289
Tox21_113455
Tox21_201606
Tox21_300502
CCG-40289
Hexamethylenetetramine, LR, >=99%
NSC757101
s3139
STL197471
ZINC86040406
AKOS000120003
AKOS005169648
Tox21_113455_1
Urotropine 100 microg/mL in Methanol
DB06799
NSC-757101
IDI1_000322
NCGC00094719-01
NCGC00094719-02
NCGC00094719-03
NCGC00094719-05
NCGC00094719-06
NCGC00094719-08
NCGC00254463-01
NCGC00259155-01
SBI-0051439.P003
FT-0627024
FT-0669190
H0093
Hexamethylenetetramine, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
SW199604-2
1,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane
D00393
Hexamethylenetetramine, ACS reagent, >=99.0%
Q71969
AB00052038_08
AB00052038_09
1,3,5,7-tetraaza-tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo-[3.3.1.13,7]decane
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3,3,1,13,7]decane
1,5:3,7-Dimethano-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane
AE-641/00560026
WLN: T66 B6 A B-C 1B I BN DN FN HNTJ
Hexamethylenetetramine [UN1328] [Flammable solid]
Hexamethylenetetramine, analytical reference material
Hexamethylenetetramine, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%
Hexamethylenetetramine, SAJ first grade, >=98.5%
J-000293
J-521456
SR-05000002024-1
SR-05000002024-3
1,3,5,7-tetraaza-tricyclo[3.3.1.1*3,7*]decane
1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo-[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decane
BRD-K30114692-001-10-0
Hexamethylenetetramine, JIS special grade, >=99.0%
F2173-0429
Z362014242
Methenamine, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
1,3,5,7-TETRAAZATRICYCLO(3.3.1.1 SUP(3,7))DECANE
Methenamine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Hexamethylenetetramine, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99.0%
Hexamethylenetetramine, meets analytical specification of Ph.??Eur., BP, 99-100.5% (calc. to the dried substance)
Hexamethylenetetramine, puriss. p.a., Reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.5% (calc. to the dried substance)
1,3,5,7-tetraazaadamantane
1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)-]decane
1,3,5,7- tetrazatricyclo(3.3.1.1*3.7)decane
aceto HMT (= aceto hexamethylenetetramine)
aminoform
aminoformaldehyde
ammoform
ammonioformaldehyde
amoform
antihydral
carin
cystamin
cystogen
duirexol
ekagom H
formaldehyde:ammonia 6:4
formamine
formin
formine
herax UTS
heterin
hexa (= hexamethylenetetramine)
hexa-flo-pulver
hexaform
hexamethylenamine
hexamethyleneamine
Hexamethylenetetramine
hexasan
hexilmethylenamine
HMT (= hexamethylenetetramine)
HMTA (= hexamethylenetetramine)
mandelamine
methamin
methenamine
metheneamine
metramine
naphthamine
preparation AF
resotropin
URAMIN
uratrine
urisol
uritone
urodeine
urotropin
urotropine
vesaloin
vesalvine
vulkacit H30
xametrin
xametrine

Hexamine, also known as methenamine, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H12N4.
Hexamine is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and has a characteristic odor.
Hexamine is derived from formaldehyde and ammonia and is commonly used in various industrial and commercial applications due to its unique properties.

CAS Number: 100-97-0
EC Number: 202-905-8



APPLICATIONS


Hexamine tablets are used for outdoor cooking and heating during camping.
Military personnel rely on hexamine tablets for field rations and warmth.
Hexamine is a go-to solution for emergency heating during power outages.
Survival kits often include hexamine tablets for fire starting and warmth.

Hexamine's role in explosives contributes to their detonation properties.
Hexamine strengthens rubber products as a vulcanizing agent in the rubber industry.
Hexamine is vital in producing synthetic resins used in adhesives and coatings.
The textile industry benefits from hexamine's crease resistance enhancement.

Hexamine's antiseptic properties are utilized in medical treatments.
Hexamine catalyzes reactions, aiding in the production of various compounds.
Hexamine cross-links polymers, improving plastics and resin materials.
Water treatment employs hexamine for pH control and corrosion prevention.

Historically, hexamine was used in photographic developers and fixers.
Adhesive formulations are improved by incorporating hexamine.
Its dehydrating properties are valuable in moisture-sensitive processes.
Hexamine tablets are a reliable choice for igniting fires quickly.

In textile printing, hexamine enhances color fastness.
Agriculture benefits from hexamine as a chemical intermediate.
Hexamine contributes to the synthesis of certain pharmaceuticals.
Analytical chemistry employs hexamine as a reagent for ion determination.
Hexamine enhances properties in fiberboard production and electronics.
Hexamine generates gases for inflating airbags in vehicles.

In oil and gas, Hexamine prevents corrosion in pipelines and equipment.
Hexamine is explored for flame-retardant applications in electronics.
Hexamine serves as a precursor in the production of specific fertilizers.

Hexamine tablets are a reliable choice for igniting charcoal grills and barbecues.
In marine and shipping industries, hexamine is used as a corrosion inhibitor for engine cooling systems.

Hexamine's stabilizing effect on resins improves their shelf life and handling characteristics.
Hexamine contributes to the adhesion and bonding properties of coatings and paints.
Hexamine acts as a catalyst in the production of foamed plastics used in insulation.
Hexamine finds use in the synthesis of specialty chemicals, such as corrosion inhibitors and dye intermediates.

Hexamine's water treatment applications extend to cooling tower systems to prevent scaling and corrosion.
Hexamine is utilized in the manufacture of tablet disinfectants for water purification.
Hexamine is used as a fuel in solid-fuel rocket propellants due to its controlled energy release.

In the automotive industry, hexamine is used in airbag inflators for rapid gas generation during deployment.
Hexamine serves as a corrosion inhibitor for protecting metals in industrial water systems and pipelines.
Hexamine's combustion properties are applied in flameless ration heaters for military field rations.

In mining, hexamine is used as a flotation reagent to separate valuable minerals from ores.
Hexamine finds a place in the production of brake linings, improving friction properties in automotive brakes.
Hexamine is used in the synthesis of melamine-formaldehyde resins for durable laminates and coatings.
In petroleum refining, hexamine is employed in desulfurization processes to remove sulfur compounds.
Hexamine acts as a curing agent in foundry resins, aiding in mold and core production for metal casting.

Hexamine's antimicrobial properties are harnessed in wood preservation treatments.
Hexamine plays a role in the production of synthetic diamond abrasives for industrial applications.
Hexamine is used in the production of certain types of explosives, such as hexamine nitrate.
Hexamine contributes to the production of fuel tablets used in beverage can stoves and portable heaters.
Hexamine is employed as a stabilizer in emulsions and dispersions in the cosmetic industry.

In electronics, Hexamine can be used in circuit board production for flame-resistant materials.
Hexamine's controlled gas release is utilized in airbag cushions for vehicle safety systems.
Hexamine is explored for its potential in wastewater treatment to remove heavy metals.

Hexamine is used in the production of firework compositions, contributing to colorful and controlled pyrotechnic displays.
Hexamine acts as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling systems of power plants to prevent damage to critical components.
Hexamine is employed as a binder in the manufacture of carbon electrodes used in electrolytic cells.

In the leather industry, it is used as a curing agent for tanning agents, enhancing leather's quality and durability.
Hexamine's gas-releasing properties find use in airbag modules for rapid inflation during vehicle collisions.
Hexamine is utilized in the production of automotive catalytic converters, aiding in pollutant emission reduction.
Hexamine is explored as a potential fuel for fuel cells, contributing to clean and efficient energy conversion.

In the construction industry, hexamine is added to cement admixtures to improve workability and strength.
Hexamine serves as a nitrogen source in certain microbial culture media used in microbiology research.
Hexamine is used as a chelating agent in the recovery of precious metals from electronic waste.
Hexamine contributes to the formulation of metal cleaning compounds, removing oxides and impurities.

In the textile industry, hexamine enhances the color retention and colorfastness of fabrics.
Hexamine is employed as a cross-linking agent in the synthesis of epoxy resins for coatings and adhesives.
Hexamine acts as a binder in the production of ceramic materials, enhancing their mechanical properties.
Hexamine's gas-generating properties are utilized in inflating life-saving devices like life jackets.

In the food industry, it can be used as a preservative in certain products to extend shelf life.
Hexamine is a component of artificial urinary calculi used in testing and calibrating medical equipment.
Hexamine serves as a pH buffer in chemical reactions and processes requiring controlled acidity or alkalinity.

Hexamine is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam generation systems to protect metal surfaces.
Hexamine finds use in the production of controlled-release fertilizers, enhancing nutrient availability to plants.
Hexamine is explored for potential use in the production of biodegradable plastics.
In the production of specialty papers, it can be used to improve wet-strength properties.

Hexamine's presence in detergents aids in soil removal and dispersion during washing.
Hexamine is utilized in the manufacturing of insulating materials used in electronics and electrical equipment.
Hexamine's diverse properties find applications in various research fields, from materials science to analytical chemistry.

Hexamine is a key component in the production of urea-formaldehyde resins used in wood products like particleboard and plywood.
Hexamine is employed as a cross-linking agent in the formulation of adhesives used in woodworking and construction.
In the automotive industry, hexamine is utilized in catalytic converter coatings to reduce harmful emissions.

Hexamine is used in the manufacture of gas masks and respiratory protective equipment filters for defense and industrial applications.
Hexamine serves as a reagent in the synthesis of complex organic compounds in pharmaceutical research.
In the manufacture of automotive tires, hexamine can be used to improve the bonding of rubber compounds.
Hexamine's role as a corrosion inhibitor extends to marine applications, protecting shipboard equipment and structures.

Hexamine is utilized in the production of water-based cutting fluids and coolants for metalworking processes.
Hexamine is added to certain fuel formulations to enhance combustion efficiency and reduce engine emissions.
In the cosmetic industry, it can be used as a stabilizer in emulsions and creams, improving product texture.

Hexamine is employed in the production of polymeric materials with controlled release properties, such as drug delivery systems.
Hexamine finds use in the production of refractory materials used in high-temperature applications like furnaces and kilns.
Hexamine's cross-linking properties contribute to the strength and durability of rubber conveyor belts used in industries.

In the mining industry, hexamine is used in ore flotation processes to separate valuable minerals from gangue.
Hexamine can be added to gas and oil well drilling fluids as a corrosion inhibitor and stabilizer.
Hexamine's role as a flame retardant makes it valuable in the production of fire-resistant textiles and materials.

In the aerospace industry, it is used in rocket propellants for controlled energy release during combustion.
Hexamine is explored for its potential in the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metal pollutants.

Hexamine is used in the production of epoxy composites for aerospace and engineering applications.
Hexamine's controlled gas generation properties are utilized in airbag cushions for passenger safety.
In the electronics industry, it can be used as a resin additive to enhance flame resistance in circuit boards.
Hexamine's binding properties contribute to the formulation of foundry cores used in metal casting.

Hexamine is added to some toothpaste formulations as an abrasive for cleaning and polishing teeth.
Hexamine's gas-releasing characteristics make it useful in inflating airbags in safety vests and lifebuoys.
In the energy sector, hexamine is explored for its potential use as a clean-burning fuel source in solid oxide fuel cells.



DESCRIPTION


Hexamine, also known as methenamine, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H12N4.
Hexamine is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and has a characteristic odor.
Hexamine is derived from formaldehyde and ammonia and is commonly used in various industrial and commercial applications due to its unique properties.

Hexamine, also known as methenamine, is a versatile chemical compound with a distinct crystalline appearance.
Hexamine forms colorless, odorless crystals that are highly soluble in water.
Hexamine derives its name from its structure, consisting of six carbon atoms linked to four nitrogen atoms.
Hexamine is commercially available in the form of white powder or tablets.

Hexamine has a wide range of applications across industries due to its unique properties.
When heated, hexamine undergoes sublimation, meaning it transitions directly from a solid to a gas.
Hexamine is known for its ability to release nitrogen gas when heated, making it useful in various applications.

Hexamine's combustion releases energy and heat, making it suitable for heating and cooking in outdoor settings.
Hexamine has a distinctive mild, ammonia-like odor when burned.
Hexamine tablets are commonly used by campers, hikers, and military personnel as portable heat sources and cooking fuel.

Hexamine's heat-releasing properties are harnessed in emergency situations and survival kits.
Hexamine's stability and low toxicity make it a preferred choice for many applications.
In the rubber industry, hexamine acts as a vulcanizing agent, enhancing the durability and strength of rubber products.

Hexamine is used as a cross-linking agent in the production of synthetic resins, contributing to their toughness and rigidity.
Hexamine plays a role in the textile industry by improving crease resistance and dimensional stability of fabrics.

Hexamine's antiseptic properties make it valuable in medical applications, particularly for treating urinary tract infections.
Hexamine's molecular structure and properties have led to its use in various chemical reactions as a catalyst or reactant.
Hexamine's role in explosives lies in its ability to release nitrogen gas upon heating, contributing to explosive power.

Hexamine has been historically used in photography as part of photographic developers and fixers.
Hexamine has a long shelf life and is relatively stable when stored under proper conditions.
Its water-soluble nature makes it useful in water treatment processes, helping to control pH and prevent corrosion.
Hexamine's dehydrating properties find applications in diverse industries, including the production of plastics and resins.

As a fire starter, hexamine tablets offer a reliable ignition source for campfires and stoves.
Hexamine's inclusion in cigarette filters aims to reduce the content of tar and nicotine in cigarette smoke.
Hexamine's multifaceted properties make it a valuable chemical compound across various sectors, from outdoor adventures to industrial processes.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Formula: C6H12N4
Molecular Weight: 140.19 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline solid
Odor: Characteristic ammonia-like odor when burned
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Melting Point: Approximately 263-281°C (505-538°F)
Boiling Point: Decomposes without a well-defined boiling point
Density: Approximately 1.33 g/cm³ (at 20°C)
Sublimation Point: Begins to sublime around 280°C (536°F)
Vapor Pressure: Low vapor pressure at room temperature



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available and seek medical attention.
If the person's breathing has stopped, administer artificial respiration and seek medical help.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water.
If irritation, redness, or rash develops, seek medical attention.
If the compound has entered under the skin (subcutaneous), seek medical assistance.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes gently but thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do so, but continue rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or pain persists.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical professionals.
Rinse the mouth with water if the person is conscious and able to swallow.
Seek medical attention immediately. Provide medical personnel with information about the compound ingested.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Ventilation:
Work with hexamine in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to prevent the buildup of vapors or dust in the air.

Personal Protective Equipment:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety goggles, gloves, and protective clothing, to minimize skin and eye contact.

Avoid Inhalation:
Avoid inhaling hexamine dust, fumes, or vapors.
Use respiratory protection, such as a dust mask or respirator, when working with the compound in areas with inadequate ventilation.

Prevent Contact:
Avoid skin and eye contact with hexamine.
If handling the compound, do not touch your face, especially your eyes, nose, or mouth, without washing your hands first.

No Smoking:
Prohibit smoking, eating, or drinking in areas where hexamine is being handled to prevent ingestion or inhalation of the compound.

Work Practices:
Minimize dust generation by using appropriate handling techniques, such as using closed systems or wet methods.

Static Electricity:
Take precautions to avoid static electricity buildup, which could ignite hexamine dust.
Use grounding equipment if necessary.

Spill Management:
In case of spills, use appropriate spill containment measures to prevent the spread of hexamine.
Clean up spills promptly and safely.


Storage:

Store in a Cool, Dry Place:
Store hexamine in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and open flames.

Containers:
Keep hexamine in tightly closed containers to prevent contamination and exposure to moisture.

Separation:
Store hexamine away from incompatible materials, such as strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizing agents.

Labeling:
Clearly label storage containers with the name of the substance and appropriate hazard warnings.

Fire Protection:
Store hexamine away from flammable materials and ignition sources to prevent fire hazards.

Controlled Access:
Limit access to storage areas to authorized personnel only, and keep storage areas locked when not in use.

Emergency Procedures:
Ensure that appropriate emergency equipment, such as spill control materials and fire extinguishers, are available near storage areas.

Segregation:
Segregate hexamine from food, beverages, and medical supplies to prevent cross-contamination.


Transportation:

Compliance:
Follow all transportation regulations and guidelines for handling and transporting hazardous materials, if applicable.

Packaging:
Use approved packaging materials and containers for transporting hexamine to prevent leakage or breakage.

Documentation:
Ensure that all required documentation, including safety data sheets (SDS) and shipping documents, accompany the shipment.

Avoid Rough Handling:
Handle transportation containers carefully to avoid damage and potential leaks.



SYNONYMS


Methenamine
Urotropine
Hexamethylenetetramine
Formin
Aminoform
Aminoformaldehyde
Hexamine
Urotropin
Urotem
Urotropinum
Hexamethyleneamine
Hexaminol
Hexamethylenamine
Aminoformyl
Cystogen
Formamine
HMTA
Methylenamin
Uretropin
Urotropinum
Urotrupin
Hexamethylenamin
Hexaform
Methenamine Solid
Hexamethylenetetraamine
Urotropine
Aminohexamethylene
Aminoformaldehyde
Methenamine
Hexamethylenamine
HMTA
Aminoform
Hexamethylenetetramine
Urotrupin
Hexamine
Methenamine solid
Aminoformyl
Formamine
Urotropin
Hexaminol
Urotropinum
Urotropinum
Uretropin
Hexaform
Hexaminum
Hexamethylenamin
Methylenamin
Aminoformaldehyde
Aminoform
Cystogen

Hexamethylenetetramine; Hexamine; 1,3,5,7- Tetraazaadamantane; Ammonioformaldehyde; Aceto HMT; Aminoform; Ammoform; Cystamin; Cystogen; Esametilentetramina (Italian); Formamine; Formin; Hexaform; Urotropin; Hexamethyleneamine; Hexamethylentetramin (German); Hexilmethylenamine; HMT; Methamin; Methenamine; Resotropin; Uritone; Urotropine; Esametilentetramina (Italian) CAS NO:100-97-0

HEXANAL, N° CAS : 66-25-1, Nom INCI : HEXANAL, Nom chimique : Caproic Aldehyde, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-624-5. Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit

ETHYL HEXANOATE, N° CAS : 123-66-0, Nom INCI : ETHYL HEXANOATE, Nom chimique : Ethyl hexanoate; Ethyl caproate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-640-3. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques. Noms français : HEXANOATE D'ETHYLE; Hexanoate d'éthyle. Noms anglais : ETHYL CAPROATE;Ethyl hexanoate ; HEXANOIC ACID, ETHYL ESTER

Hexanedihydrazide is a chemical used for cross-linking water-based emulsions.
Hexanedihydrazide can also be used as a hardener for certain epoxy resins.
Hexanedihydrazide is a symmetrical molecule with a C4 backbone, and the reactive group is C=ONHNH2.

CAS Number: 1071-93-8
EC Number: 213-999-5
Molecular Formula: C6H14N4O2
Molecular Weight: 174.20 g/mol

Synonyms: Hexanedihydrazide, Adipic dihydrazide, 1071-93-8, Adipic acid dihydrazide, Adipohydrazide, Hexanedihydrazide, Hexanedioic acid, dihydrazide, Adipyl hydrazide, Hexanediohydrazide, Adipic acid, dihydrazide, Adipoyldihydrazine, adipoyl dihydrazide, VK98I9YW5M, DTXSID0044361, Hexanedioic acid, 1,6-dihydrazide, NSC 3378, NSC-3378, EINECS 213-999-5, NSC 29542, NSC-29542, AI3-22640, WLN: ZMV4VMZ, EC 213-999-5, MFCD00007614, Adipodihydrazide, Adip dihydr, adipic hydrazide, Adipoyl hydrazide, adipic dihydrazone, Hexanedihydrazide #, Adipic aciddihydrazide, Adipic acid dihyrazide, Hexanedioic dihydrazide, AJICURE ADH, QUALIMER ADH, ULTRALINK HYDRAZIDE, Hexanedioic acid dihydrazide, SCHEMBL49856, Adipic Acid Dihydrazide (ADH), CHEMBL3185968, DTXCID8024361, SCHEMBL11037942, AMY3771, NSC3378, 1,4-Butanedicarboxylic dihydrazide, BK 1000Z, BT 1000Z, NSC29542, STR02658, Tox21_301067, BBL022965, STK709135, ADIPIC ACID DIHYDRAZIDE [INCI], AKOS000267183, NCGC00248276-01, NCGC00257525-01, CAS-1071-93-8, A0170, Adipic acid dihydrazide, >=98% (titration), CS-0010116, FT-0621914, EN300-03706, D72486, T 2210, Adipic acid dihydrazide, purum, >=97.0% (NT), A801603, J-660023, Q-200600, Q4682936, Z56812730, F1943-0024, Hexanedihydrazide, Adipic dihydrazide, Adipohydrazide, Adipyl hydrazide, Adipic acid dihydrazide, Adipyl hydrazide, Adipic acid dihyrazide, Hexanedioic acid, dihydrazide, 403, adipohydrazide, Hexanedioic Acid Dihydrazide, ADH, ADH (hydrazide), ADH 4S, ADH-J, ADH-S, Adipic dihydrazide, Adipoyl Dihydrazide, Adipoyl Hydrazide, Adipoyldihydrazine, Ajicure ADH, BK 1000Z, BT 1000Z, NSC 29542, NSC 3378, Qualimer ADH, T 2210, Adipohydrazide, Adipic dihydrazide, adipohydrazide, adipic acid dihydrazide, hexanedioic acid, dihydrazide, adipyl hydrazide, hexanediohydrazide, adipic acid, dihydrazide, adipodihydrazide, hexanedioic acid, 1,6-dihydrazide, unii-vk98i9yw5m, Hexanedioic acid,1,6-dihydrazide, Adipic acid dihydrazide, Hexanedioic acid,dihydrazide, Adipic dihydrazide, Adipoyl hydrazide, ADH, Adipoyl dihydrazide, Adipoyldihydrazine, Qualimer ADH, BT 1000Z, BK 1000Z, NSC 29542, NSC 3378, ADH 4S, ADH (hydrazide), ADH-J, ADH-S, T 2210, Ajicure ADH, Adipic acid dihydrazide, Technicure ADH, Epicure PD 797, 98152-55-7, 124246-54-4, ADH, Adipohydrazide, ADIPODIHYDRAZIDE, adipoyl hydrazide, Adipic dihydrazide, Adipic dihydrazide, ADIPINIC DIHYDRAZIDE, ADIPIC ACID DIHYDRIZIDE, ADIPIC ACID DIHYDRAZIDE

Hexanedihydrazide is a chemical used for cross-linking water-based emulsions.
Hexanedihydrazide is a symmetrical molecule with a C4 backbone and the reactive group is C=ONHNH2.

Hexanedihydrazide is a latent hardener for epoxy resin.
Dihydrazides are made by the reaction of an organic acid with hydrazine.
Other dihydrazides with different backbones are also common, including isophthalic dihydrazide (IDH) and sebacic dihydrazide (SDH).

Hexanedihydrazide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Hexanedihydrazide is an effective crosslinking agent, curative and hardener.

Hexanedihydrazide is the most common dihydrazide crosslinking agent within a series of dihydrazides such as sebacic dihydrazide (SDH) and isophthalic dihydrazide (IDH).
Hexanedihydrazide’s has a melting point of 180 °C and a molecular weight of 174; both are lower than the alternative dihydrazides SDH and IDH.

Hexanedihydrazide is a symmetrical molecule with a C4 backbone and the reactive group is C=ONHNH2.
Dihydrazides are made by the reaction of an organic acid with hydrazine.
Other dihydrazides with different backbones are also common, including isophthalic dihydrazide (IDH) and sebacic dihydrazide (SDH).

The applications of Hexanedihydrazide are facilitated by the nucleophilicity of the amine function (good reaction characteristics), the good overall properties and weatherability of cured systems.
The moderate solubility of Hexanedihydrazide in water (50 g./liter) and common organic solvents facilitates the use of Hexanedihydrazide in aqueous and solvent based systems.

The cure temperature for epoxy resins (glycidyl types) formulated with Hexanedihydrazide is influenced by the melt-out temperature of the Hexanedihydrazide, which allows an extended pot life at low temperatures.
Storage stability can be up to six-months at room temperature, with cure times of about one-hour at 130 °C.

Cure rates can be accelerated using tin or titanate catalysts, or imidazoles.
One-component Hexanedihydrazide epoxy systems can be partially cured or “B-staged”, and later fully cured.
B-staging provides handling, processing, and fabrication advantages.

Hexanedihydrazide is a distinctive crosslinking agent and curative that provides controlled reactivity and performance improvements in epoxy resins, polyurethane dispersions (PUDs), solvent-based polyurethanes (PURs), and emulsion acrylic resins.
Hexanedihydrazide finds major applications as a latent curing agent for B-stageable epoxy resins and as an ambient temperature crosslinking agent for high-performance acrylic emulsion architectural coatings.
Materials crosslinked or cured with Hexanedihydrazide demonstrate excellent colour stability, weathering resistance, adhesion, durability, hardness, and toughness.

Hexanedihydrazide is a chemical used for cross-linking water-based emulsions.
Hexanedihydrazide can also be used as a hardener for certain epoxy resins.

Hexanedihydrazide is a symmetrical molecule with a C4 backbone, and the reactive group is C=ONHNH2.
Dihydrazides are made by the reaction of an organic acid with hydrazine.
Other dihydrazides with different backbones are also common, including isophthalic dihydrazide (IDH) and sebacic dihydrazide (SDH).

Homobifunctional cross-linking reagent that is specific for aldehydes resulting in relatively stable hydrazone linkages.
This is commonly used in the linking of glycoproteins, such as antibodies, in a site specific fashion following periodate oxidation.

Hexanedihydrazide acts as a reducing agent in organic synthesis.
Hexanedihydrazide reduces aldehydes and ketones to alcohols, and Hexanedihydrazide reduces nitro compounds to amines.
Hexanedihydrazide also acts as a catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams, and Hexanedihydrazide is used as a cross-linking agent in polymers.

Hexanedihydrazide is used as a formaldehyde scavenger and reacts with formaldehyde, thereby preventing the volatilizing of formaldehyde in the air.
Hexanedihydrazide is also employed as a paint additive and coating additive.

Hexanedihydrazide is also used as an intermediate.
Further, Hexanedihydrazide is used for cross-linking water-based emulsions and as a hardener for certain epoxy resins, which finds application in powder coating.

Hexanedihydrazide is a homobifunctional cross-linking reagent that is specific for aldehydes.
This results in relatively stable hydrazone linkages.

Hexanedihydrazide is generally used in the linking of glycoproteins, like antibodies, in a site-specific fashion following periodate oxidation.
Oxidation and coupling may be performed at pH 5.0 due to the low pKa of the hydrazide which avoids competition by primary amines.

Hexanedihydrazide is the most suitable hydrazide cross-linking agent, and Hexanedihydrazide has been widely used in water-based paint emulsions in combination with diacetone acrylamide.
Hexanedihydrazide is weakly alkaline, and there is a possibility of agglomeration when solid Hexanedihydrazide is added directly to the emulsion, so usually Hexanedihydrazide should be dissolved in hot water before use.

Applications of Hexanedihydrazide:
Hexanedihydrazide is used as a formaldehyde scavenger and reacts with formaldehyde, thereby preventing the volatilizing of formaldehyde in the air.
Hexanedihydrazide is also employed as a paint additive and coating additive.

Hexanedihydrazide is also used as an intermediate.
Further, Hexanedihydrazide is used for cross-linking water-based emulsions and as a hardener for certain epoxy resins, which finds application in powder coating.

Hexanedihydrazide has been used:
Hexanedihydrazide is used in the preparation of reactive premix to synthesize the porous biomaterial.
Hexanedihydrazide is used for the crosslinking of methacrylated chondroitin sulfate (MA-CS) coating using carbodiimide-based chemistry for the production and characterization of methacrylated chondroitin sulfate magnetic nanoparticles (MA-CS MNPs).

Hexanedihydrazide is used for the covalent labeling of rhamnolipids, pyochelin, and vancomycin with Abberior STARNHS ester dye.
Hexanedihydrazide is used as a difunctional crosslinking agent in paints and coatings for certain water-based acrylic emulsions.

Hexanedihydrazide is used as a hardener for epoxy resins and a chain extender for polyurethanes.
A small use is as a formaldehyde scavenger preventing the liberation of formaldehyde.

Hexanedihydrazide is Applied in The Production of:
Crosslinking Agent for Polymers
Elastomers and Rubber Industry
Adhesives and Sealants
Coatings and Paints
Textile Industry
Corrosion Inhibitors
Biomedical Applications
Photography
Water Treatment
Fuel Additives
Polymer Modification

Uses of Hexanedihydrazide:
Hexanedihydrazide is used to functionalize magnetic nanoparticles for glycopeptide enrichment and identification.
Hexanedihydrazide is a homobifunctional cross-linking reagent specific for aldehydes resulting in relatively stable hydrazone linkages.

Hexanedihydrazide is typically, used in the linking of glycoproteins, such as antibodies, in a site specific fashion following periodate oxidation.
Oxidation and coupling may conveniently be performed at pH 5.0 due to the low pKa of the hydrazide which avoids competition by primary amines.

Hexanedihydrazide can also be used as a chain extension for liquid rubber.
Hexanedihydrazide can also be used as a hardener for certain epoxy resins.

Hexanedihydrazide is used adhesives and sealant chemicals, and Automotive care products.
Hexanedihydrazide is used for epoxy powder coating curing agent and coating additives, Metal deactivator and other polymer additives and water treatment agent.

Hexanedihydrazide is the most suitable hydrazide crosslinking agent.
Hexanedihydrazide and diacetone acrylamide have been widely used in water-based paint emulsion.
Hexanedihydrazide is weakly alkaline, solid Hexanedihydrazide is directly added to the emulsion may produce coalescence, usually Hexanedihydrazide should be dissolved in hot water (poor solubility in cold water) and reused.

Hexanedihydrazide bifunctional compound, which can be cross-linked with sodium hyaluronate as a protein drug carrier.
Hexanedihydrazide plays a cross-linking role with diacetone acrylamide in the post-crosslinking of water emulsion and water-soluble polymer, such as water-based coatings, adhesives, fibers, plastic film treatment, hair spray, etc., and can also be used as epoxy powder coating curing agent And water-based coating additives, metal deactivators and other polymer additives and water treatment agents, indoor formaldehyde adsorbents and intermediate raw materials.

The same type of bifunctional linker for aldehydes can produce relatively stable hydrazone linkage; for the linkage of carbohydrate proteins, such as antibodies, periodate oxidation reaction occurs at a specific form of position; at pH 5.0, oxidation reaction and coupling reaction can be carried out conveniently, hydrazide derived from low pKa value can avoid competitive reaction through primary amine.

Hexanedihydrazide is mainly used for epoxy powder coating curing agent and coating additives, metal deactivator and other polymer additives and water treatment agents.
Hexanedihydrazide is used as a crosslinking agent in acrylic emulsion with ketone group.

Hexanedihydrazide is used in epoxy adhesives and sealants.
Hexanedihydrazide is used crosslinking agent for self crosslinking emulsion resins using DAAM.
Hexanedihydrazide, also known as ADH or Adipohydrazide, can be used as a hardener for epoxy resins and for cross-linking water-based emulsions.

Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.
Hexanedihydrazide is used analytical Reagents, Diagnostic Reagents, Teaching Reagents.

Hexanedihydrazide is used for Biological Purpose, For Tissue Medium Purpose, For Electron Microscopy, For Lens Blooming, Pro Analysis, Super Special Grade, For Scintillation, For Electrophoresis Use, For Refractive Index.
Hexanedihydrazide is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Hexanedihydrazide is used in the following products: coating products, adhesives and sealants, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, polymers, non-metal-surface treatment products, textile treatment products and dyes and washing & cleaning products.
The same bifunctional crosslinking reagent, Hexanedihydrazide, is specially used for aldehydes to generate relatively stable hydrazone links.

Other release to the environment of Hexanedihydrazide is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).
Other release to the environment of Hexanedihydrazide is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Hexanedihydrazide can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles covered by End of Life Vehicles (ELV) directive (e.g. personal vehicles or delivery vans).
In particular, Hexanedihydrazide is used to connect glycoproteins, such as antibodies.

Hexanedihydrazide is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, paper chemicals and dyes, textile treatment products and dyes and washing & cleaning products.
Hexanedihydrazide is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur and wood and wood products.

Other release to the environment of Hexanedihydrazide is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Hexanedihydrazide is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, polymers, textile treatment products and dyes and finger paints.
Release to the environment of Hexanedihydrazide can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Hexanedihydrazide is used in the following products: paper chemicals and dyes, coating products, textile treatment products and dyes, adhesives and sealants, finger paints, laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products and water treatment chemicals.
Hexanedihydrazide is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, pulp, paper and paper products and plastic products.

Release to the environment of Hexanedihydrazide can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Hexanedihydrazide can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

Hexanedihydrazide is a homobifunctional cross-linking reagent specific for aldehydes resulting in relatively stable hydrazone linkages.
Hexanedihydrazide is typically, used in the linking of glycoproteins, such as antibodies, in a site-specific fashion following periodate oxidation.
Oxidation and coupling may conveniently be performed at pH 5.0 due to the low pKa of the hydrazide which avoids competition by primary amines.

Hexanedihydrazide is used to functionalize magnetic nanoparticles for gylcopeptitde enrichment and identification.
Hexanedihydrazide can also be used as a chain extension for liquid rubber.

Hexanedihydrazide is used for synthesis.
Hexanedihydrazide is used as a formaldehyde scavenger and reacts with formaldehyde, thereby preventing the volatilizing of formaldehyde in the air.

Hexanedihydrazide is also employed as a paint additive and coating additive.
Hexanedihydrazide is also used as an intermediate.

Further, Hexanedihydrazide is used for cross-linking water-based emulsions and as a hardener for certain epoxy resins, which finds application in powder coating.
Hexanedihydrazide is widely used as cross-linker in waterborne acrylic emulsions.

Hexanedihydrazide is added to the water phase in a PUD.
Crosslinking occurs during the drying and film coalescence process which is ideal for maximizing the film properties including gloss, scrub, stain and wear resistance and durability.

Other crosslinking methods where crosslinking occurs prior to film coalescence exhibit reduced performance properties including poor flow and leveling.
The full reactivity characteristics of Hexanedihydrazide are ideal for PUR systems.
Alternative curatives which show incomplete crosslinking due to slow reactivity and the lack of curative mobility in a dry film will also compromise performance.

The DAAM/Hexanedihydrazide pair is also used in crosslinkable sizing agents, thickeners, adhesives, and sealants.
Hexanedihydrazide is a unique crosslinking agent and curative, offering controlled reactivity and performance enhancements in epoxy resins, polyurethane dispersions (PUDs), solvent based PURs and emulsion acrylic resins.

The major applications for Hexanedihydrazide are a latent curing agent for B-stageable epoxy resins and an ambient temperature crosslinking agent for high performance acrylic emulsion architectural coatings.
Systems crosslinked or cured with Hexanedihydrazide exhibit good color stability and weathering characteristics, adhesion, durability, hardness, and toughness.

Hexanedihydrazide is a chemical used for cross-linking water-based emulsions.
Hexanedihydrazide can also be used as a hardener for certain epoxy resins.

Hexanedihydrazide is used as a difunctional crosslinking agent in paints and coatings for certain water-based acrylic emulsions.
Hexanedihydrazide is used as a hardener for epoxy resins and a chain extender for polyurethanes.

A small use is as a formaldehyde scavenger preventing the liberation of formaldehyde.
One component epoxy resins are used in coatings such as powder coatings, adhesives including hot melt adhesives, molding compounds and in fiber reinforced composites.

Glass and carbon fiber prepreg obtained by a hot melt impregnation method are used in the fabrication of sporting goods, wind turbine blades and aircraft/aerospace components.
With Hexanedihydrazide cure, epoxy resins exhibit excellent toughness, flexibility, and adhesive properties.

Tg’s of 140-160 °C are achievable using a standard liquid bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA) with Hexanedihydrazide as the hardener.
Rigid and flexible epoxy adhesives have been formulated as one component systems that can be stored at room temperature using Hexanedihydrazide as a latent curing agent.
Rigid epoxy adhesives are based on bisphenol A and novolac epoxides.

These rigid adhesives exhibit excellent cohesive and adhesive properties to a wide variety of surfaces.
Flexible epoxy adhesives produce more pliable bonds which better accommodate bond line stresses or differential substrate expansion rates.

Flexible epoxy resins include aliphatic di- and tri-epoxy resins such as hexanediol diglycidyl ether and poly(oxypropylene) diglycidyl ethers.
Semi-rigid epoxy-based adhesives utilize mixtures of both classes of epoxy resins or rigid formulations using flexibilizers.

Epoxy Resins:
A notable fact with regard to Hexanedihydrazide in epoxy formulations is that each of the primary amine end groups has a functionality of two, so the Hexanedihydrazide molecule has an equivalency of four per epoxy moiety.
Accordingly, the active hydrogen equivalent weight of Hexanedihydrazide is 43.5.
When formulated with epoxy resins, the Hexanedihydrazide index can range between 0.85-1.15 of stoichiometric proportions, without a significant effect on mechanical properties.

Industry Uses:
Adhesion/cohesion promoter
Binder
Hardener
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizer

Consumer Uses:
Hardener
Other
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories

Biochem/physiol Actions of Hexanedihydrazide:
Hexanedihydrazide is a low molecular weight compound that comprises a hydrazide group at each end.
This leads to the supply of extra adsorption sites for heavy metals that maintain or elevate the adsorption capacities of the cross-linked adsorbents.
Hexanedihydrazide is used as a crosslinker in various fields, like making mechanical latexes films and injectable oxidized hyaluronic acid hydrogel.

General Manufacturing Information of Hexanedihydrazide:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Adhesive Manufacturing
Custom Compounding of Purchased Resins
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Paper Manufacturing
Plastics Product Manufacturing
Printing Ink Manufacturing

Typical Properties of Hexanedihydrazide:
Hexanedihydrazide is physical and chemical properties appearance white crystalline powder
Hexanedihydrazide is soluble in water, slightly soluble in acetone, and acetic anhydride or acid chloride can occur acylation reaction, is an important amide hydrazine compounds.

Hexanedihydrazide serves as a difunctional crosslinking agent in paints and coatings applied to specific water-based acrylic emulsions.
Additionally, Hexanedihydrazide acts as a hardener for epoxy resins and a chain extender for polyurethanes.
Moreover, Hexanedihydrazide finds a minor application as a formaldehyde scavenger, preventing the release of formaldehyde.

Polyurethane Dispersions (Puds):
Hexanedihydrazideis an effective room temperature curative for aqueous PUDs and solution polyurethanes.
In this capacity, Hexanedihydrazide provides polyurea coatings with higher hardness, toughness and adhesion properties, excellent mechanical properties, abrasion and chemical resistance.
Hexanedihydrazide cured polyurethane coatings exhibit good color stability and weathering properties, which is not observed with standard amine curatives.

Handling And Storage of Hexanedihydrazide:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

Storage stability:

Recommended storage temperature:
20 °C

Stability And Reactivity of Hexanedihydrazide:

Chemical stability:
Hexanedihydrazide is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

First Aid Measures of Hexanedihydrazide:

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.

Fire Fighting Measures of Hexanedihydrazide:

Extinguishing media:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental Release Measures of Hexanedihydrazide:

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions:
Take up dry.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Exposure Controls/personal Protection of Hexanedihydrazide:

Personal protective equipment:

Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.

Skin protection:

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min

Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min

Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

Identifiers of Hexanedihydrazide:
CAS number: 1071-93-8
EC number: 213-999-5
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₄N₄O₂
Molar Mass: 174.2 g/mol
HS Code: 2928 00 90
Flash point: 150 °C
Ignition temperature: 360 °C
Melting Point: 180 - 182 °C
Melting Point: 178.0°C to 182.0°C
Color: White to Yellow
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 8%
Linear Formula: H2NNHCO(CH2)4CONHNH2
Beilstein: 02, I, 277
Solubility Information Solubility in water: soluble.
Other solubilities: soluble in acetic acid,slightly soluble in acetone,
insoluble in ethanol,ether and benzene
Formula Weight: 174.2
Percent Purity: 98%
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder

Molecular Weight: 174.20100
Exact Mass: 174.20
EC Number: 213-999-5
UNII: VK98I9YW5M
NSC Number: 29542|3378
DSSTox ID: DTXSID0044361
HScode: 2928000090
PSA: 110.24000
XLogP3: -2.1
Appearance: DryPowder
Density: 1.186 g/cm3
Melting Point: 171 °C @ Solvent: Water
Boiling Point: 519.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: > 109ºC
Refractive Index: 1.513
Water Solubility: H2O: soluble
Storage Conditions: -20ºC
Vapor Pressure: 6.92E-11mmHg at 25°C

Properties of Hexanedihydrazide:
Molecular Weight: 174.20 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -2.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 174.11167570 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 174.11167570 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 110Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Complexity: 142
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point
Melting point/range: 180 - 182 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 150 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 102 g/l at 20 °C - soluble
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -2,7 at 20 °C

Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: 1,29 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Formula: C6H14N4O2
Molar Mass: 174.2
Density: 1.186g/cm3
Melting Point: 175-182℃
Boling Point: 519.3°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 267.9°C
Water Solubility: soluble
Vapor Presure: 6.92E-11mmHg at 25°C
Appearance: White crystal

Storage Condition: 2-8℃
Sensitive: Sensitive to air
Refractive Index: 1.513
MDL: MFCD00007614
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 519.30 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 514.00 °F. TCC ( 267.90 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -2.670 (est)
Soluble in: water, 3.287e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Appearance (Colour): White to pale yellow
Appearance (Form): Powder
Solubility: (Turbidity) 10% aq. solution: Clear
Solubility: (Colour) 10% aq. solution: Colourless to pale yellow
Assay (NT): min. 95.0%
Melting Point: 178 - 182°C
Loss on drying: max. 0.5%

CAS Number: 1071-93-8
Abbreviations: ADH
Beilstein Reference: 973863
ChemSpider: 59505
ECHA InfoCard: 100.012.727
EC Number: 213-999-5
MeSH: Adipic+dihydrazide
PubChem CID: 66117
RTECS number: AV1400000
UNII: VK98I9YW5M
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID0044361
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H14N4O2/c7-9-5(11)3-1-2-4-6(12)10-8/h1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,11)(H,10,12)
Key: IBVAQQYNSHJXBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C6H14N4O2/c7-9-5(11)3-1-2-4-6(12)10-8/h1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,11)(H,10,12)
Key: IBVAQQYNSHJXBV-UHFFFAOYAB
SMILES: O=C(NN)CCCCC(=O)NN

Specifications of Hexanedihydrazide:
Color according to Munsell color system: not more intensely colored than reference standard NE12
Assay (HClO₄): ≥ 97.0 %
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 178 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 182 °C
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: 180 - 183 Deg C:
Fe: <0.0005%:
Loss on Drying: <0.5%:
Sulfate: <0.005%:
Assay: >99%:
Methanol: <0.1%:
Non Volatile Matter: <0.01%:
Cl: <0.005%:
Appearance: White crystalline powder:
Hydrazine: <20ppm

Related compounds of Hexanedihydrazide:
hexanedioic acid
Adipic dihydrazide
hexanedioyl dichloride
hexanedinitrile
hexanediamide

Names of Hexanedihydrazide:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Adipic dihydrazide

Other names:
Hexanedihydrazide
Adipohydrazide
Adipyl hydrazide

Hexane-1,6-diol is prepared by the hydrogenation of adipic acid or its esters.
Laboratory preparation could be achieved by reduction of adipates with lithium aluminium hydride, although this method is impractical on a commercial scale.
Hexane-1,6-diol is an organic compound with the formula (CH2CH2CH2OH)2.

CAS: 629-11-8
MF: C6H14O2
MW: 118.17
EINECS: 211-074-0

Hexane-1,6-diol is a colorless water-soluble solid.
Hexane-1,6-diol is a no-irritating to the skin. However, it can be irritative to the respiratory tract and mucous membrane.
Hexane-1,6-diol vapours or dust cause irritation to the eye. Severe eye exposure may cause conjunctivitis, iritis, and diffuse corneal opacity.
A diol that is hexane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 6.
Hexane-1,6-diol is a diol compound that has gained significant attention in the scientific community due to its unique properties and potential applications.
Hexane-1,6-diol is a colorless liquid that is soluble in water and organic solvents, and it has a wide range of industrial and scientific applications.

Hexane-1,6-diol Chemical Properties
Melting point: 38-42 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 250 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.96
Vapor pressure: 0.53 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: 1.457
Fp: 215 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
Form: Waxy Flakes
pka: 14.87±0.10(Predicted)
Color: White
PH: 7.6 (900g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Explosive limit: 6.6-16%(V)
Water Solubility: 500 g/L
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.1
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.1
Merck: 14,4690
BRN: 1633461
InChIKey: XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 629-11-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Hexane-1,6-diol (629-11-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: Hexane-1,6-diol (629-11-8)

Uses
Hexane-1,6-diol is widely used for industrial polyester and polyurethane production.
Hexane-1,6-diol can improve the hardness and flexibility of polyesters as it contains a fairly long hydrocarbon chain.
In polyurethanes, Hexane-1,6-diol is used as a chain extender, and the resulting modified polyurethane has high resistance to hydrolysis as well as mechanical strength, but with a low glass transition temperature.
Hexane-1,6-diol is also an intermediate to acrylics as a crosslinking agent, e.g. hexanediol diacrylate.
Unsaturated polyester resins have also been made from Hexane-1,6-diol, along with styrene, maleic anhydride and fumaric acid.
Hexane-1,6-diol is used in polymer synthesis such as polyester, polyurethane and nylon.
Hexane-1,6-diol is used as an intermediate to adhesives, acrylics and dyestuffs.
Further, Hexane-1,6-diol is employed in gasoline refining and pharmaceutical production.

Polyurethanes
Hexane-1,6-diol is widely utilized in the manufacture of polyesterols such as sebacates, azelates, and adipates.
Hexane-1,6-diol are resistant to hydrolysis and have low glass transition temperature as well as high mechanical levels.
Hexane-1,6-diol is used as an ingredient in the preparation of a wide range of tailor-made products for numerous specialty and standard applications.

In Acrylics
Hexane-1,6-diol is utilized as an ingredient in the manufacture of the bifunctional hexanediol diacrylate which is a monomer that is normally used in conjunction with other acrylic monomers as a reactive diluent for decorative coatings and printing inks.

In Adhesives
Urethanes and co-terephthalates that are based on Hexane-1,6-diol provide faster better tack properties and crystallization.
Due to its low glass transition property, Hexane-1,6-diol offers high flexibility as well as excellent adhesive properties.

Other Uses
Hexane-1,6-diol is incorporated into the production of other compounds used in polymeric thickeners, sizing agents, plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride, pesticides, and surfactants dyestuffs as a flexible building block.

Quality and Analysis
The assay of the pure product is about 98 %; impurities are various diols and -caprolactone as well as traces of water.
The color number of the product determined photometrically according to the Pt/Co scale must not exceed 15 APHA.
Above 70 ℃, Hexane-1,6-diol tends to turn yellow.

Synonyms
1,6-HEXANEDIOL
Hexane-1,6-diol
629-11-8
Hexamethylene glycol
1,6-Dihydroxyhexane
Hexamethylenediol
alpha,omega-Hexanediol
.alpha.,.omega.-Hexanediol
1,6-Hexylene Glycol
6-hydroxy-1-hexanol
DTXSID1027265
CHEBI:43078
NSC-508
ZIA319275I
1,1,6,6-D4-1,6-HEXANDIOL
27236-13-1
HEZ
CCRIS 8982
HSDB 6488
NSC 508
EINECS 211-074-0
BRN 1633461
UNII-ZIA319275I
AI3-03307
1,6hexanediol
1.6-hexanediol
1,6-hexandiol
1.6-hexandiol
.omega.-Hexanediol
1,6-hexane diol
1,6-hexan-diol
hexan-1,6-diol
Hexanediol-(1,6)
HEXANEDIOL [INCI]
1,6-Hexanediol, 97%
1,6-Hexanediol, 99%
EC 211-074-0
WLN: Q6Q
HO(CH2)6OH
SCHEMBL15343
CHEMBL458616
DTXCID907265
NSC508
1,6-HEXANEDIOL [HSDB]
HEXAMETHYLENE GLYCOL [MI]
Tox21_200450
MFCD00002985
AKOS003242194
CS-W011221
DB02210
NCGC00248624-01
NCGC00258004-01
AS-12686
BP-21412
CAS-629-11-8
FT-0607014
H0099
EN300-19325
1,6-Hexanediol, >=99% C6-Dioles basis (GC)
A834086
Q161563
J-504039
F0001-1701
Z104473540
InChI=1/C6H14O2/c7-5-3-1-2-4-6-8/h7-8H,1-6H

Hexanedioic acid also known as Adipic acid is a dibasic acid with the molecular formula C3H8O4, CAS 124-04-9.
Hexanedioic acid is slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol and acetone.
Hexanedioic acid is the most important dicarboxylic acid with roughly 2.5 billion kilograms produced annually and mainly used as a precursor to nylon production.

CAS Number: 124-04-9
EC Number: 204-673-3
Molecular Formula: C6H10O4
Molar Mass: 146.14 g/mol

Hexanedioic Acid, also known as Adipic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid.
Hexanedioic acid is an intermediate for nylon and a precursor in the synthesis of polyester polyols for polyurethane systems and thermoplastic polyurethanes.
Hexanedioic acid is colorless crystalline powder.

Hexanedioic acid is an organic dicarboxylic acid.
Available in various quantities, Hexanedioic acid is used as a monomer in nylon production.
Other applications include use as a monomer for polyurethane production, a component of controlled-release drugs, and a food additive.

Hexanedioic acid, solid white powder, is a very important organic compound for today chemical industry.
Hexanedioic acid (AA), CAS number is 124-04-9, is a dicarboxylic acid with the formula: (CH2)4(COOH)2; for the chemical point of view, 1,6 Hexanedioic acid.

The main Hexanedioic acid application is the production of nylon by a polycondensation reaction.
Nylons are produced by the reaction of bifunctional monomers containing equal parts of amine and carboxylic acid.
Besides the production of Nylon 6,6 as well as specialty nylon grades, Hexanedioic acid, CAS 124-04-9, finds many other applications, like polyester polyols for polyurethanes (PU), manufacturing of resins for paper products, unsaturated polyester resins, adipates production, plasticizers for PVC and a small share of the market is ingredient for food and medication.

90% of Hexanedioic acid is consumed in the industry for the production of nylon by poly-condensation with hexamethylenediamine.
Hexanedioic acid is mainly used for the production of nylon 6,6 polymer for fibers and plastics.

Nylon has a protein-like structure.
Hexanedioic acid can be further processed into the fibers for applications in carpets (felts), automobile tire cords and clothing.

Hexanedioic acid can be used in the production of Hexanedioic acid plasticizer and lubricant components.
Hexanedioic acid can be used in the production of polyester polyols for polyurethane systems.

Technical grade Hexanedioic acid can be used to produce plasticizers, to add flexibility and to give flexibility to unsaturated polyesters.
Hexanedioic acid can be used in the production of rigid and flexible foams, in the production of wire coaters, elastomers and adhesives, to increase the flexibility of alkyd resins, in the production of wet strong resins and in the production of synthetic lubricants and oils for the paper chemical industry.

Hexanedioic acid, mol wt 146.14, HOOCCH2CH2CH,CH2COOH, is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of about 152°C.
Little of this dicarboxylic acid occurs naturally, but Hexanedioic acid is produced on a very large scale at several locations around the world.

The majority of this material is used in the manufacture of Nylon-6,6 polyamide, which is prepared by reaction with 1,6-hexanediamine.
Hexanedioic acid is a colorless, odorless, sour-tasting crystalline solid that undergoes reactions including esterification, amidation, reduction, halogenation, salt formation, and dehydration.

Hexanedioic acid also undergoes several industrially significant polymerization reactions.
Hexanedioic acid historically has been manufactured predominantly from cyclohexane.
However, much research continues to be directed to alternative feedstocks, especially butadiene and cyclohexene, as dictated by shifts in hydrocarbon pricing.

Air quality regulations may exert further pressure for alternative routes as manufacturers seek to avoid NOx abatement costs.
When dispersed as a dust, Hexanedioic acid is subject to normal dust explosion hazards.

The material is an irritant, especially upon contact with the mucous membranes.
Protective goggles or face shields should be worn when handling the material.

The material should be stored in corrosion-resistant containers, away from alkaline or strong oxidizing materials.
Hexanedioic acid is a very large-volume organic chemical and is one of the top 50 chemicals produced in the United States in terms of volume, although demand is highly cyclic.

Hexanedioic acid for nylon takes ∼60% of U.S. cyclohexane production.
Hexanedioic acid is relatively nontoxic.

Hexanedioic acid is an important inudstrial dicarboxylic acid with about 2.5 billion kilograms produced per year.
Hexanedioic acid is used mainly in the production of nylon.
Hexanedioic acid occurs relatively rarely in nature.

Hexanedioic acid has a tart taste and is also used as an additive and gelling agent in jello or gelatins.
Hexanedioic acid is also used in some calcium carbonate antacids to make them tart.

Hexanedioic acid has also been incorporated into controlled-release formulation matrix tablets to obtain pH-independent release for both weakly basic and weakly acidic drugs.
Hexanedioic acid in the urine and in the blood is typically exogenous in origin and is a good biomarker of jello consumption.

In fact, a condition known as Hexanedioic aciduria is actually an artifact of jello consumption.
However, certain disorders (such as diabetes and glutaric aciduria type I.) can lead to elevated levels of Hexanedioic acid snd other dicarboxcylic acids (such as suberic acid) in urine.

Moreover, Hexanedioic acid is also found to be associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency, and medium Chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism.
Hexanedioic acid is also microbial metabolite found in Escherichia.

Hexanedioic acid or hexanedioic acid is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)4(COOH)2.
From an industrial perspective, Hexanedioic acid is the most important dicarboxylic acid: about 2.5 billion kilograms of this white crystalline powder are produced annually, mainly as a precursor for the production of nylon.

Hexanedioic acid otherwise rarely occurs in nature, but Hexanedioic acid is known as manufactured E number food additive E355.
Salts and esters of Hexanedioic acid are known as adipates.

Hexanedioic acid is a white crystalline solid.
Hexanedioic acid is insoluble in water.

The primary hazard is the threat to the environment.
Immediate steps should be taken to limit Hexanedioic acid spread to the environment.
Hexanedioic acid is used to make plastics and foams and for other uses.

Hexanedioic acid is a straight-chain aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, commonly used in the manufacturing of nylon-6,6 and plasticizers.
Conventionally Hexanedioic acid was manufactured from petrochemicals but in recent days Hexanedioic acid can be synthesized from renewable substrates by means of biological methods.

Hexanedioic acid, or more formally hexanedioic acid, is a white crystalline solid that melts at 152 ºC.
Hexanedioic acid is one of the most important monomers in the polymer industry.

Hexanedioic acid is found in beet juice, but the article of commerce—≈2.5 million tonnes of Hexanedioic acid per year—is manufactured.
In 1906, French chemists L. Bouveault and R. Locquin reported that Hexanedioic acid can be produced by oxidizing cyclohexanol.
Today, the most common manufacturing process is the nitric acid (HNO3) oxidation of a cyclohexanol–cyclohexanone mixture called KA (for ketone–alcohol) oil.

Almost all Hexanedioic acid is used as a comonomer with hexamethylenediamine to produce nylon 6-6.
Hexanedioic acid is also used to manufacture other polymers such as polyurethanes.

Using HNO3 to produce Hexanedioic acid has its downside: Copious amounts of nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas, are coproduced and released into the atmosphere.
In late 2014, K. C. Hwang and A. Sagadevan of National Tsing Hua University (Hsinchu City, Taiwan) reported a process that uses ozone and ultraviolet (UV) light to oxidize KA oil to Hexanedioic acid.

This method eliminates the production of N2O.
But before the process can be used commercially, problems associated with the formation of organic peroxides from ozone and the difficulty of using UV light on a large scale must be overcome.

Applications of Hexanedioic acid:
Hexanedioic acid is used to make nylon, polyurethane foams, lubricants, and plasticizers.
Hexanedioic acid is used in adhesives, baking powder, and food flavoring.

The major markets for Hexanedioic acid include use as feedstocks for nylon 6,6 resins and fibers, polyester polyols and plasticzers.
Documented applications for Hexanedioic acid are as a lubricant additive in coatings and foams and shoe soles, as a tanning agent in the leather industry, as a pH regulator in processes such as the manufacture of cleaning agents, as a pelletizing agent in disinfectant pills for drinking water, as an additive in flue gas sulphation, in dishwasher tablets.

Hexanedioic acid is used as an additive in coating and chemicals.
Hexanedioic acid is used as an acidulant in dry powdered food mixtures, especially in those products having delicate flavors & where addition of a tang to the flavor is undesirable.

Hexanedioic acid addition to foods imparts a smooth, tart taste.
In grape-flavored products, Hexanedioic acid adds a lingering supplementary flavor and gives an excellent set to food powders containing gelatin.

For concentrations of Hexanedioic acid ranging from 0.5-2.4 g/100 mL, the pH varies less than half a unit.
pH is low enough to inhibit browning of most fruits and other foodstuffs.

Hexanedioic acid can be used as a starting material in the preparation of:
Aliphatic polyesters by reacting with ethyleneglycol/1,3 propyleneglycol/1,4-butanediol using inorganic acid as a catalyst.
Cyclopentanone using a weak base such as Na2CO3.
Linear polybutylene adipate (PBA) having carboxylic acids at the terminals by reacting with 1,4-butanediol.

Uses of Hexanedioic acid:
More than 92% of the production of Hexanedioic acid is dedicated for the production of nylon 6,6 by a reaction with HMD Hexamethylene diamine.
Hexanedioic acid is used in nylon is utilized in fibbers, clothing, plastics, filaments, food packaging.

Hexanedioic acid is also used in polyurethane resins, foam, shoe soles, and as food additive.
Esters of Hexanedioic acid are used as plasticizers for PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) resins and lubricant component.

Hexanedioic acid is one of the largest chemical distributor in Europe.
Hexanedioic acid is handling the storage, transport, export & import formalities of Hexanedioic acid globally.

About 60% of the 2.5 billion kg of Hexanedioic acid produced annually is used as monomer for the production of nylon by a polycondensation reaction with hexamethylene diamine forming nylon 66.
Other major applications also involve polymers; Hexanedioic acid is a monomer for production of polyurethane and Hexanedioic acid esters are plasticizers, especially in PVC.

In medicine:
Hexanedioic acid has been incorporated into controlled-release formulation matrix tablets to obtain pH-independent release for both weakly basic and weakly acidic drugs.
Hexanedioic acid has also been incorporated into the polymeric coating of hydrophilic monolithic systems to modulate the intragel pH, resulting in zero-order release of a hydrophilic drug.

The disintegration at intestinal pH of the enteric polymer shellac has been reported to improve when Hexanedioic acid was used as a pore-forming agent without affecting release in the acidic media.
Other controlled-release formulations have included Hexanedioic acid with the intention of obtaining a late-burst release profile.

In foods:
Small but significant amounts of Hexanedioic acid are used as a food ingredient as a flavorant and gelling aid.
Hexanedioic acid is used in some calcium carbonate antacids to make them tart.

As an acidulant in baking powders, Hexanedioic acid avoids the undesirable hygroscopic properties of tartaric acid.
Hexanedioic acid, rare in nature, does occur naturally in beets, but this is not an economical source for commerce compared to industrial synthesis.

Other Uses of Hexanedioic acid:
Alcoholic beverages,
Baked goods,
Condiments,
Relishes,
Fats,
Oils,
Gelatins,
Pudding,
Gravies,
Imitation dairy,
Instant coffee,
Tea,
Meat products,
Nonalcoholic beverages,
Poultry,
Snack foods,
Adhesives and Sealants,
Alkyd resins,
Beamhouse,
Carrier for fragances,
Coal,
Crop Protection,
Environment protection,
Gas desulphurization,
Hardener and crosslinking agents for polymeres,
Manufacturing of coating,
Manufacturing of dyestuffs,
Manufacturing of fibres,
Manufacturing of herbicides,
Manufacturing of pharmaceutical agents,
Manufacturing of photochemicals,
Manufacturing of plastics,
Manufacturing of tensides,
Manufacturing of textile dyestuffs,
Manufacturing of textiles dyestuffs,
Paper Manufacture,
Plasticizers for polymeres,
Polyester,
Polyester resins,
Polymer auxiliaries,
Soaking,
Synthetic lubricants,
Textile dyestuffs.

Production of Hexanedioic acid:
Hexanedioic acid is white, crystalline compound mainly obtained by oxidation of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone with nitric acid.
An alternative method of production of Hexanedioic acid is the hydrocarbonylation of butadiene, oxidation cleavage of cyclohexene.

Manufacturing Methods of Hexanedioic acid:
Commercially important processes employ two major reaction stages.
The first reaction stage is the production of the intermediates cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol, usually abbreviated as KA, KA oil, ol-one, or anone-anol.
The KA (ketone, alcohol), after separation from unreacted cyclohexane (which is recycled) and reaction by-products, is then converted to Hexanedioic acid by oxidation with nitric acid.

Cyclohexane is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexanol or cyclohexanone with air or nitric acid.

Preparation and Reactivity of Hexanedioic acid:
Hexanedioic acid is produced from a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol called KA oil, the abbreviation of ketone-alcohol oil.
The KA oil is oxidized with nitric acid to give Hexanedioic acid, via a multistep pathway.

Early in the reaction, the cyclohexanol is converted to the ketone, releasing nitrous acid:
HOC6H11 + HNO3 → OC(CH2)5 + HNO2 + H2O

Among Hexanedioic acid many reactions, the cyclohexanone is nitrosated, setting the stage for the scission of the C-C bond:
HNO2 + HNO3 → NO+NO3− + H2O
OC6H10 + NO+ → OC6H9-2-NO + H+

Side products of the method include glutaric and succinic acids.
Nitrous oxide is produced in about one to one mole ratio to the Hexanedioic acid, as well, via the intermediacy of a nitrolic acid.

Related processes start from cyclohexanol, which is obtained from the hydrogenation of phenol.

Alternative methods of production:
Several methods have been developed by carbonylation of butadiene.

For example, the hydrocarboxylation proceeds as follows:
CH2=CH−CH=CH2 + 2 CO + 2 H2O → HO2C(CH2)4CO2H

Another method is oxidative cleavage of cyclohexene using hydrogen peroxide.
The waste product is water.

Historically, Hexanedioic acid was prepared by oxidation of various fats, thus the name (ultimately from Latin adeps, adipis – "animal fat"; cf. adipose tissue).

Reactions:
Hexanedioic acid is a dibasic acid (Hexanedioic acid has two acidic groups).
The pKa values for their successive deprotonations are 4.41 and 5.41.

With the carboxylate groups separated by four methylene groups, Hexanedioic acid is suited for intramolecular condensation reactions.
Upon treatment with barium hydroxide at elevated temperatures, Hexanedioic acid undergoes ketonization to give cyclopentanone.

Environmental of Hexanedioic acid:
The production of Hexanedioic acid is linked to emissions of N2O, a potent greenhouse gas and cause of stratospheric ozone depletion.

At Hexanedioic acid producers DuPont and Rhodia (now Invista and Solvay, respectively), processes have been implemented to catalytically convert the nitrous oxide to innocuous products:
2 N2O → 2 N2 + O2

Adipate salts and esters:
The anionic (HO2C(CH2)4CO2−) and dianionic (−O2C(CH2)4CO2−) forms of Hexanedioic acid are referred to as adipates.
An adipate compound is a carboxylate salt or ester of the acid.

Some adipate salts are used as acidity regulators, including:
Sodium adipate (E number E356)
Potassium adipate (E357)

Some adipate esters are used as plasticizers, including:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Dioctyl adipate
Dimethyl adipate

Human Metabolite Information of Hexanedioic acid:

Tissue Locations:
Kidney
Liver

Handling and Storage of Hexanedioic acid:

Nonfire Spill Response:
Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do Hexanedioic acid without risk.

Prevent dust cloud.
For Asbestos, avoid inhalation of dust.

Cover spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading.
Do not clean up or dispose of, except under supervision of a specialist.

SMALL DRY SPILL:
With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely.
Move containers from spill area.

SMALL SPILL:
Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Storage Conditions of Hexanedioic acid:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

Storage class (TRGS 510):
Non Combustible Solids.

Safety of Hexanedioic acid:
Hexanedioic acid, like most carboxylic acids, is a mild skin irritant.
Hexanedioic acid is mildly toxic, with a median lethal dose of 3600 mg/kg for oral ingestion by rats.

First Aid Measures of Hexanedioic acid:

General notes:
Take off contaminated clothing.

Following inhalation:
Provide fresh air.
In all cases of doubt, or when symptoms persist, seek medical advice.

Following skin contact:
Rinse skin with water/shower.
In all cases of doubt, or when symptoms persist, seek medical advice.

Following eye contact:
Irrigate copiously with clean, fresh water for at least 10 minutes, holding the eyelids apart.
In case of eye irritation consult an ophthalmologist.

Following ingestion:
Rinse mouth.
Call a doctor if you feel unwell.

INHALATION:
Remove victim to fresh air.
Get medical attention if irritation persists.

EYES:
Flush with water for at least 15 min.

SKIN:
Flush with water.

Fire Fighting of Hexanedioic acid:

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams.

If Hexanedioic acid can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS:
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

Fire Fighting Procedures of Hexanedioic acid:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Stop discharge if possible, keep people away.
Shut off ignition sources.

Call fire department.
Avoid contact with solid and dust.
Isolate and remove discharged material.

If material on fire or involved in fire:
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.
Solid streams of water may spread fire.

Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.
Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Accidental Release Measures of Hexanedioic acid:

Isolation and Evacuation:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Hexanedioic acid:
Sweep spilled substance into covered plastic containers.
If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.
Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Cleanup Methods of Hexanedioic acid:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid dust formation.

Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.
Ensure adequate ventilation.

Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Avoid breathing dust.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust.
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Environmental considerations- land spill:
Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material.
If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner.
Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

Environmental considerations- water spill:
Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom.
If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount.

Remove trapped material with suction hoses.
Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Electrochemical measurements have been made on the system Cu(2+), Hexanedioic acid, nitric acid (which models the effluent from Hexanedioic acid plants) to investigate the reasons for the observed low current efficiency for copper deposition from such soln.
The most probable cause is a cathodic shift in the deposition potential of copper making the reduction of NO3- the preferred process.

Depletion experiments have been carried out on real effluent in two three-dimensional cells, a bipolar trickle tower and a porous reticulated carbon bed.
Each performs reasonably well and, while the current efficiencies are low (about 20%), the deposition is essentially mass-transfer controlled.

Neutralizing agents for acids and caustics:
Rinse with dilute soda ash solution.

Identifiers of Hexanedioic acid:
CAS Number: 124-04-9
Beilstein Reference: 1209788
ChEBI: CHEBI:30832
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1157
ChemSpider: 191
ECHA InfoCard: 100.004.250
EC Number: 204-673-3
E number: E355 (antioxidants, ...)
Gmelin Reference: 3166
KEGG: D08839
PubChem CID: 196
RTECS number: AU8400000
UNII: 76A0JE0FKJ
UN number: 3077
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID7021605

InChI:
InChI=1S/C6H10O4/c7-5(8)3-1-2-4-6(9)10/h1-4H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
Key: WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C6H10O4/c7-5(8)3-1-2-4-6(9)10/h1-4H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
Key: WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYAY

SMILES:
O=C(O)CCCCC(=O)O
C(CCC(=O)O)CC(=O)O

CAS number: 124-04-9
EC index number: 607-144-00-9
EC number: 204-673-3
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₀O₄
Molar Mass: 146.14 g/mol
HS Code: 2917 12 00

CAS Number: 124-04-9
Molecular Weight: 146.14
Beilstein: 1209788
EC Number: 204-673-3
MDL number: MFCD00004420
eCl@ss: 39021711
PubChem Substance ID: 57653836
NACRES: NA.21

CAS: 124-04-9
Molecular Formula: C6H10O4
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 146.142
MDL Number: MFCD00004420
InChI Key: WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 196
ChEBI: CHEBI:30832
IUPAC Name: hexanedioic acid
SMILES: C(CCC(=O)O)CC(=O)O

Properties of Hexanedioic acid:
Chemical formula: C6H10O4
Molar mass: 146.142 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystals[1]
Monoclinic prisms[2]
Odor: Odorless
Density: 1.360 g/cm3
Melting point: 152.1 °C (305.8 °F; 425.2 K)
Boiling point: 337.5 °C (639.5 °F; 610.6 K)
Solubility in water: 14 g/L (10 °C)
24 g/L (25 °C)
1600 g/L (100 °C)
Solubility: Very soluble in methanol, ethanol
soluble in acetone, acetic acid
slightly soluble in cyclohexane
negligible in benzene, petroleum ether
log P: 0.08
Vapor pressure: 0.097 hPa (18.5 °C) = 0.073 mmHg
Acidity (pKa): 4.43, 5.41
Conjugate base: Adipate
Viscosity: 4.54 cP (160 °C)

Density: 1.36 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Flash point: 196 °C
Ignition temperature: 405 °C
Melting Point: 150.85 °C
pH value: 2.7 (23 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.097 hPa (18.5 °C)
Bulk density: 700 kg/m3
Solubility: 15 g/l

General Properties: White, solid crystals
Odor: Odorless
Intensity: 1.360 g/cm3
Boiling point: 337,5°C
Melting point: 152,1 °C
Flash point: 196°C
Vapor pressure: 0,0073 mmHg (18,5 °C)
Refraction index: –
Solubility (aquenous): 14g/L (10°C), 1600 g/L (100°C)

Vapor density: 5 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200
Vapor pressure: 1 mmHg ( 159.5 °C)
Assay: 99%
Form: crystals
Autoignition temp.: 788 °F
bp: 265 °C/100 mmHg (lit.)
mp: 151-154 °C (lit.)
Solubility: H2O: soluble 23 g/L at 25 °C
SMILES string: OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C6H10O4/c7-5(8)3-1-2-4-6(9)10/h1-4H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
InChI key: WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 146.14
XLogP3: 0.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 146.05790880
Monoisotopic Mass: 146.05790880
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 114
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Hexanedioic acid:
Assay (acidimetric): ≥ 99.0 %
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 150 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 154 °C
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: 151.0°C to 153.0°C
Boiling Point: 337.0°C
CAS Min %: 98.5
CAS Max %: 100.0
Color: White
Assay Percent Range: 99%
Linear Formula: HO2C(CH2)4CO2H
Beilstein: 02, 649
Fieser: 01,15
Merck Index: 15, 150
Formula Weight: 146.14
Percent Purity: 99%
Quantity: 500 g
Flash Point: 196°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Packaging: Plastic bottle
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Hexanedioic acid

Structure of Hexanedioic acid:
Crystal structure: Monoclinic

Thermochemistry of Hexanedioic acid:
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −994.3 kJ/mol[3

Related Products of Hexanedioic acid:
Hydroxynorketamine-d6 Hydrochloride
(S)-Ketamine-d6 Hydrochloride
Norketamine-d4
S-(-)-Norketamine-d6 Hydrochloride
Phencyclidine-d5 Hydrochloride

Related compounds of Hexanedioic acid:

Related dicarboxylic acids:
glutaric acid
pimelic acid

Related compounds:
hexanoic acid
adipic acid dihydrazide
hexanedioyl dichloride
hexanedinitrile
hexanediamide

Names of Hexanedioic acid:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Hexanedioic acid

Other names:
Adipic acid
Butane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
Hexane-1,6-dioic acid
1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid

Synonyms of Hexanedioic acid:
adipic acid
hexanedioic acid
124-04-9
Adipinic acid
1,4-Butanedicarboxylic acid
Adilactetten
Acifloctin
Acinetten
1,6-Hexanedioic acid
Molten adipic acid
Kyselina adipova
Adipinsaure [German]
Acide adipique [French]
FEMA No. 2011
Kyselina adipova [Czech]
Hexanedioate
Adipinsaeure
adipic-acid
Adipidic acid
Adi-pure
NSC 7622
Adipic acid [NF]
NSC-7622
Hexan-1,6-dicarboxylate
76A0JE0FKJ
Hexanedioc acid
INS NO.355
1,6-HEXANE-DIOIC ACID
E-355
CHEBI:30832
INS-355
NSC7622
Adipic acid (NF)
NCGC00091345-01
E355
hexane-1,6-dioic acid
Adipinsaure
Acide adipique
FEMA Number 2011
CAS-124-04-9
CCRIS 812
HSDB 188
EINECS 204-673-3
MFCD00004420
UNII-76A0JE0FKJ
BRN 1209788
Adipinate
Molten adipate
AI3-03700
hexane dioic acid
1,6-Hexanedioate
0L1
Adipic acid, 99%
Neopentyl Glycol Flake
Adipic acid-[13C6]
1, 6-Hexanedioic Acid
Adipic acid, >=99%
ADIPIC ACID [II]
ADIPIC ACID [MI]
WLN: QV4VQ
ADIPIC ACID [FCC]
bmse000424
EC 204-673-3
ADIPIC ACID [FHFI]
ADIPIC ACID [HSDB]
ADIPIC ACID [INCI]
SCHEMBL4930
CHEMBL1157
NCIOpen2_001004
NCIOpen2_001222
HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH
ADIPIC ACID [MART.]
Adipic acid, >=99.5%
4-02-00-01956 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
ADIPIC ACID [USP-RS]
ADIPIC ACID [WHO-DD]
BIDD:ER0342
INS No. 355
DTXSID7021605
Adipic acid, puriss., 99.8%
Pharmakon1600-01301012
ADIPIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH]
ZINC1530348
Tox21_111118
Tox21_202161
Tox21_300344
BBL011615
LMFA01170048
NSC760121
s3594
STL163338
AKOS000119031
Tox21_111118_1
CCG-230896
CS-W018238
HY-W017522
NSC-760121
NCGC00091345-02
NCGC00091345-03
NCGC00091345-04
NCGC00091345-05
NCGC00254389-01
NCGC00259710-01
AC-10343
BP-21150
BP-30248
Hexanedioic Acid, Butanedicarboxylic Acid
A0161
Adipic acid, BioXtra, >=99.5% (HPLC)
Adipic acid, SAJ special grade, >=99.5%
E 355
FT-0606810
EN300-18041
Adipic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, >=99%
C06104
D08839
D70505
AB00988898-01
AB00988898-03
Q357415
SR-01000944270
J-005034
J-519542
SR-01000944270-2
Z57127533
Adipic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
F0001-0377
Adipic acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
1F1316F2-7A32-4339-8C2A-8CAA84696C95
Adipic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
124-04-9 [RN]
204-673-3 [EINECS]
Acide adipique [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Adipic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
Adipinsäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Asapic
Hexanedioic acid [ACD/Index Name]
Inipol DS
kwas adypinowy [Polish]
kyselina adipová [Czech]
MFCD00004420 [MDL number]
1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid
1,6-HEXANEDIOIC ACID
1,6-HEXANE-DIOIC ACID
121311-78-2 [RN]
19031-55-1 [RN]
2-Oxoadipic acid
52089-65-3 [RN]
Acifloctin
Acinetten
Adilactetten
Adipic Acid FCC
adipicacid
adipinic acid
Butane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
BUTANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
Hexanedioic-3,3,4,4-d4 Acid
hydron [Wiki]
QV4VQ [WLN]