Benzotriazole is a heterocyclic compound with the chemical formula C6H5N3.
Benzotriazole's five-membered ring contains three consecutive nitrogen atoms.
This bicyclic compound, Benzotriazole, may be viewed as fused rings of the aromatic compounds benzene and triazole.


CAS Number: 95-14-7
EC Number: 202-394-1
MDL number: MFCD00005699
Chemical formula: C6H5N3


Benzotriazole appears as white to light tan crystals or white powder.
Benzotriazole has no odor.
Benzotriazole is the simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.


Benzotriazole has a role as an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic.
Benzotriazole is an anticorrosive agent well known for its use in aircraft deicing and antifreeze fluids but also used in dishwasher detergents.
Benzotriazole is a heterocyclic compound containing three nitrogen atoms, with the chemical formula C6H5N3.


Benzotriazole is colorless and polar and can be used in various fields.
Benzotriazole is very bright in color so that solutions – either aqueous or in different solvents – are clear and almost colorless.
Benzotriazole is an anticorrosive agent, which is useful in aircraft deicing and antifreeze fluids.


Benzotriazole is soluble in water, benzene, toluene, chloroform, ethanol and N,N-dimethylformamide.
Benzotriazole, also known as 2,3-diazaindole or azimidobenzene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzotriazoles.
These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a triazole ring (a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms).


Benzotriazole belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzotriazoles.
These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a triazole ring (a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms).
Benzotriazole is an anticorrosive agent well known for its use in aircraft deicing and antifreeze fluids


Benzotriazole is one of the most effective corrosion inhibitors for copper and copper alloy used in various industries.
Benzotriazole is particularly versatile synthetic auxiliary because of its attractive properties.
Benzotriazole can be easily inserted into molecules and equally can also act as a good leaving group.


Benzotriazole is a weak acid (pKa 8.2) as well as weak base (pKa < 0) and because of this acid-base property of benzotriazole.
Benzotriazole also shows not only electron donating but also electron attracting ability, which leads to various synthetic applications.
In 1980, Benzotriazole was first reported as synthetic auxiliary in organic chemistry.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZOTRIAZOLE:
This white-to-light tan solid, Benzotriazole, has a variety of uses, for instance, as a corrosion inhibitor for copper.
Benzotriazole has been known for its great versatility.
Benzotriazole has already been used as a restrainer (or anti-fogging agent) in photographic emulsions or developing solutions, and as a reagent for the analytical determination of silver.


More importantly, Benzotriazole has been extensively used as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.
Also, Benzotriazole's derivatives and their effectiveness as drug precursors have been drawing attention.
Besides all the applications mentioned above, the Benzotriazole can be used as antifreezes, heating and cooling systems, hydraulic fluids, and vapor-phase inhibitors as well.


Cosmetic Uses: antimicrobial agents
Benzotriazole is an anticorrosive agent, which is useful in aircraft deicing and antifreeze fluids.
Benzotriazole is also employed in dishwasher detergents.


Further, Benzotriazole is used as a restrainer in photographic emulsions and also useful as a reagent for the determination of silver in analytical chemistry.
Benzotriazole also serves as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.
Further, Benzotriazole is utilized in the synthesis of amines from glyoxal.


Benzotriazole and its related Na salts do belong to the most effective corrosion inhibitors for copper and copper alloys.
Benzotriazole does further show positive effects in protection of steel, gray iron, cadmium and nickel.
Benzotriazole can be used in different applications in major industries.


For example, Benzotriazole is used in cooling water or boiler systems by the industrial water treatment industry.
Benzotriazole can be also used in coolants and antifreeze products.
Another application of Benzotriazole is the use as an additive in industrial lubricants, like e.g. drilling and cutting fluids.


Benzotriazole does also work to protect silver ware in dishwashing tablets and can be further used in metal detergents.
Benzotriazole shows outstanding thermic and oxidative stability and is also resistant to UV light.
Benzotriazole does not negatively affect the appearance of the metal it's applied to.


Benzotriazole is also employed in dishwasher detergents.
Further, Benzotriazole is used as a restrainer in photographic emulsions and also useful as a reagent for the determination of silver in analytical chemistry.
Benzotriazole also serves as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.


Further, Benzotriazole is utilized in the synthesis of amines from glyoxal.
Benzotriazole is used as a corrosion inhibitor and for silver protection in dishwashing detergents.
Benzotriazole is also found in antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic drugs.


Benzotriazole is a versatile compound that has been used as a restrainer in photographic emulsions, a reagent for the analytical determination of silver and has been extensively used as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.
Since then Benzotriazole is used in the construction of various monocyclic and bicyclic heterocyclic compounds which are difficult to prepare by other methods.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
*Benzenoids
*Triazoles
*Heteroaromatic compounds
*Azacyclic compounds
*Organopnictogen compounds
*Organonitrogen compounds
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
*Benzotriazole
*Benzenoid
*Heteroaromatic compound
*1,2,3-triazole
*Triazole
*Azole
*Azacycle
*Organic nitrogen compound
*Organopnictogen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organonitrogen compound
*Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound



STRUCTURE OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
Benzotriazole features two fused rings.
Benzotriazole's five-membered ring can exist in tautomers A and B, and the derivatives of both tautomers, structures C and D, can also be produced:
Benzotriazole tautomers and their derivatives
Various structural analyses with UV, IR and 1H-NMR spectra indicated that isomer A is predominantly present at room temperature.
The bond between positions 1 and 2 and the one between positions 2 and 3 have proved to have the same bond properties.
Moreover, the proton does not tightly bind to any of the nitrogen atoms, but rather migrates rapidly between positions 1 and 3.
Therefore, the Benzotriazole can lose a proton to act as a weak acid (pKa = 8.2) or accept a proton using the lone pair electrons located on its nitrogen atoms as a very weak Brønsted base (pKa < 0).
Not only can it act either as an acid or base, Benzotriazole can also bind to other species, utilizing the lone pair electrons.
Applying this property, the Benzotriazole can form a stable coordination compound on a copper surface and behave as a corrosion inhibitor.



SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
Synthesis of Benzotriazole involves the reaction of o-phenylenediamine, sodium nitrite, and acetic acid.
The conversion proceeds via diazotization of one of the amine groups:
Synthesis of benzotriazole
The synthesis can be improved when the reaction is carried out at low temperatures (5–10 °C) and briefly irradiated in an ultrasonic bath.
Typical batch purity is 98.5% or greater.



DERIVATIVES OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
Biphenylene and benzyne can be conveniently prepared from benzotriazole by N-amination with hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid.
The major product, 1-aminobenzotriazole, forms benzyne in an almost quantitative yield by oxidation with lead(IV) acetate, which rapidly dimerises to biphenylene in good yields.



CORROSION INHIBITION OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
Benzotriazole is an effective corrosion inhibitor for copper and its alloys by preventing undesirable surface reactions.
Benzotriazole is known that a passive layer, consisting of a complex between copper and benzotriazole, is formed when copper is immersed in a solution containing benzotriazole.
The passive layer is insoluble in aqueous and many organic solutions.
There is a positive correlation between the thickness of the passive layer and the efficiency of preventing corrosion.
Benzotriazole is used in conservation, notably for the treatment of bronze disease.
The exact structure of the copper-Benzotriazole complex is controversial and many proposals have been suggested



DRUG PRECURSOR OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
Benzotriazole derivatives have chemical and biological properties that are versatile in the pharmaceutical industry.
Benzotriazole derivatives act as agonists for many proteins. For instance, vorozole and alizapride have useful inhibitory properties against different proteins.
Benzotriazole esters are used as mechanism-based inactivators to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) by inhibiting the SARS 3CL protease of the SARS-CoV-1 virus.
The methodology is not only limited to heterocyclization but was also successful for polynuclear hydrocarbons of small carbocyclic systems.



ENVIRONMENTAL RELEVANCE OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
Benzotriazole is fairly water-soluble, not readily degradable and has a limited sorption tendency.
Hence, Benzotriazole is only partly removed in wastewater treatment plants and a substantial fraction reaches surface water such as rivers and lakes.
Benzotriazole is considered to be of low toxicity and a low health hazard to humans although exhibiting some antiestrogenic properties.



RELATED COMPOUNDS OF BENZOTRIAZOLE:
Tolyltriazole is a mixture of isomers or congeners that differ from benzotriazole by the addition of one methyl group attached somewhere on the benzene ring.
Tolyltriazole has similar uses, but has better solubility in some organic solvents



HOW DOES BENZOTRIAZOLE WORK?
As a corrosion inhibitor, Benzotriazole decreases the corrosion rate of metals and alloys.
This works by forming a coating, a passivation layer, which prevents access of the corrosive substance to the metal or alloy underneath.
This is of particular importance in industries where fluids routinely need to be in continuous contact with metals that require protection.



BENZOTRIAZOLE IN HETEROCYCLIC SYNTHESIS:
Heterocycles are important class of compounds. Benzotriazole extensively used for the synthesis of various heterocycles.
1-) Aza- 1,3-bis(triphenyl phosphoranylidene)propane synthesized from N-((1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)methyl)-1,1,1-triphenyH5- phosphanimine and methylene triphenyl phosphorane in presence of n-butyllithium, used as potential building block for the synthesis of heterocycles like 3H-benzo[c] azepine and 2,3-disubstituted pyrroles.

2-) Substituted benzothiazoles are well known for their biological properties with numerous accounts listing their synthesis.
Recently, benzotriazole technology was used in water as a one-pot approach to synthesize 2-peptidyl benzothiazole in excellent yield without any detectable racemization.
The effectiveness of this approach relies in the fact that it neither required any additional reagents nor catalyst for completion



BENZOTRIAZOLE IN ACYLATION, AROYLATION AND SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS:
Benzotriazole and its derivatives plays important role in various reactions like acylation, aroylation and substitution reactions.
Substitution of hydroxyl group with chloride group of the sterically and electronically hindered alcohol of carbohydrates involves harsh reaction conditions and expensive reagents.
Furthermore, the formation of halides from nucleofugal groups leads in the formation of unsaturated products and also chances of losing chirality due to harsh reaction condition.



BENZOTRIAZOLE IN PHOSPHOROUS CHEMISTRY:
Organophosphorus compounds are important class of compounds.
Dialkyl- and diaryl halo phosphates are generally used as building block for the synthesis of organophosphorous compounds.
However these building blocks suffer from lack of stability, particularly to hydrolysis and also required toxic reagents to synthesize them.



BENZOTRIAZOLE IN CYCLIC PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS:
N-acylbenzotriazoles are superior acylating agent with various advantages over traditional acid chlorides.
N-acylbenzotriazoles are quite stable and utilized in peptide chemistry and showed better applications in compared to other peptide coupling reagents.
Unprotected amino acids couple with N-protected aminoacylbenzotriazoles in aqueous acetonitrile to deliver enantiopure dipeptides in good yield.
For the synthesis of tripeptide, the carboxylic group of dipeptide is activated by benzotriazole in presence of thionylchloride followed by treatment with unprotected amino acids resulted in desired tripeptide in excellent yields.
Hence, benzotriazole assisted chemistry was successfully utilized to synthesize up heptapeptides in solution phase without any detectable loss of absolute configuration.



BENZOTRIAZOLE IN PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS:
Peptidomimetics are special class of compounds which are mimic to natural peptides but resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis.
Several peptidomimetics like aminoxopeptides, depsipeptides, azapeptides, oxyazapeptides and hydrazine peptides were synthesized.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZOTRIAZOLE:
Boiling point: 350 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.36 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 212 °C
Ignition temperature: 400 °C
Melting Point: 98.5 °C
pH value: 6.0 - 7.0 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C) suspension
Vapor pressure: 0.053 hPa (20 °C)
Bulk density: 500 kg/m3
Solubility: 19 g/l
Melting Point: 94-99ºC
Boiling Point: 204ºC (15 mmHg)
Flash Point: 170ºC
Molecular Formula: C6H5N3
Molecular Weight: 119.12400
Density: 1.348g/cm3
Molecular Weight: 119.12 g/mol

XLogP3-AA: 1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 119.048347172 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 119.048347172 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 41.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 92.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Formula: C6H5N3
Formula Weight: 119.13
Melting point: 96-99°
Boiling Point: 204°/15mm
Flash Point: 212°(413°F)
Density: 1.360
Storage & Sensitivity: Ambient temperatures.
Solubility: Soluble in water, benzene, toluene, chloroform, ethanol and N,N-dimethylformamide.
Appearance: white to light tan powder (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 100.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 350.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 4.000000 mmHg @ 4.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 366.00 °F. TCC ( 185.70 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 1.440
Soluble in: water, 5957 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Physical state: powder
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 97 - 99 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 170 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 19 g/l at 25 °C - soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 1,34 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,36 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Molecular Weight: 119.12
Molecular Formula: C6H5N3
Boiling Point: 204ºC (15 mmHg)
Melting Point: 94-99ºC
Flash Point: 170ºC
Purity: 99%
Density: 1.348g/cm3
Appearance: White to light tan crystals or white powder.
No odor.
HS Code: 2933990090
Log P: 0.95790
MDL: MFCD00005699
PSA: 41.57
RIDADR: 2811
Risk Statements: R11; R20/21/22; R36/37/38; R5
RTECS: DM1225000
Safety Statements: S26-S28-S36/37/39-S45
Stability: Stable, but may be light sensitive.
Vapor Density: 4.1
Vapor Pressure: 0.04 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

Boiling Point/Range: Not applicable
Color: Colorless to Yellowish
Density: No data available
Flashpoint: Not applicable
Form: Solid
Grade: General Indicators
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents
Lower Explosion Limit: No data available
Melting Point/Range: 95-99 °C
Partition Coefficient: 1.44
Purity Percentage: 99.00
Purity Details: >=99.00%
Solubility in Water: No data available
Upper Explosion Limit: No data available
Vapor Pressure: 0.05 hPa (20 °C)
Viscosity: Not applicable
pH-Value: Not applicable
Storage Temperature: Ambient



FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZOTRIAZOLE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZOTRIAZOLE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZOTRIAZOLE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZOTRIAZOLE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A-(P2)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZOTRIAZOLE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZOTRIAZOLE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole
1H-Benzotriazole
1,2,3-Benzotriazole
BTA
BtaH
1,2,3-Benzotriazole BTA
BENZOTRIAZOLE PHOTOGRADE
1,2,3-Benzotriazole
Benzotriazole (BTA)
1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOL ZUR SYNTHESE
1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
RusMin R
1.2.3-Benzotrialole
Seetec BT
BLS 1326
1,2,3 BENZOTRIAZOLE (BTA)
HETEROCYLIC NITROGEN
U-6233
Benzotriazole
1,2,3-BENZOTRIALOLE ( BTA )
1H-Benzotriazole
T706
1h-benzo
1, 2, 3 BENZOTRIAZOLE
1,2,3,-BENZOTRIAZOLE
1H-BENZOTRIAZOLE (BTA)
1,2,3-BENZO TRIAZOLE
Cobratec
1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOLE,1H-BENZO[D][1,2,3]TRIAZOLE
cobratec99
1H-BENZOTRIAZOLE FOR SYNTHESIS
1,2,3-Benzotriazole(electronicgrade)
1H-Benzotriazole
Benzotriazole
95-14-7
1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOLE
2H-Benzotriazole
1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole
Azimidobenzene
Aziminobenzene
Benztriazole
Cobratec #99
Benzisotriazole
Benzene azimide
2,3-Diazaindole
1,2-Aminoazophenylene
1,2,3-Triazaindene
2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
Cobratec 99
273-02-9
1,2,3-Triaza-1H-indene
NSC-3058
1,2,-Aminozophenylene
Cobratec 35G
1,2,3-1h-benzotriazole
NCI-C03521
27556-51-0
U-6233
DTXSID6020147
CHEBI:75331
1,2,3-Benztriazole
MFCD00005699
86110UXM5Y
1H-Benzotriazol
DTXCID00147
Benzotriazole (VAN)
Verzone Crystal
BtaH
Kemitec TT
Rusmin R
Seetec BT
CAS-95-14-7
CCRIS 78
Pseudoazimidobenzene
HSDB 4143
1,2,3-Benzotriazole,1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
EINECS 202-394-1
azaindazole
benzotriazol
BRN 0112133
aza-indazole
UNII-86110UXM5Y
AI3-15984
3uzj
1 h-benzotriazole
1,3-Triazaindene
0CT
1,3-Benzotriazole
Cobratec No. 99
1,2-Aminozophenylene
1H-1,3-Benzotriazole
1,3-Triaza-1H-indene
1H-Benzotriazole (VAN8C
EC 202-394-1
WLN: T56 BMNNJ
SCHEMBL8956
1H-BT
BENZOTRIAZOLE [INCI]
1,2,3-Benzotriazole(BTA)
4-26-00-00093 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MLS002302971
CHEMBL84963
1H-benzo-[1,2,3]triazole
1H-BENZOTRIAZOLE [MI]
BDBM36293
NSC3058
Benzotriazole, analytical standard
HMS3091M10
AMY37120
Benzotriazole, reagent grade, 97%
CS-D1407
STR01561
Tox21_201501
Tox21_302934
BDBM50234613
STL281967
Benzotriazole, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOLE [HSDB]
1H-Benzotriazole, >=98.0% (N)
AKOS000119181
AKOS025396849
PS-3644
NCGC00091322-01
NCGC00091322-02
NCGC00091322-03
NCGC00256574-01
NCGC00259052-01
BP-21454
SMR001252218
DB-022595
B0094
BB 0243857
FT-0606217
FT-0698151
Benzotriazole, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
EN300-17964
D77352
AB00374479-06
AC-907/34124039
Q220672
W-100172
Z57127352
F2190-0645
BTR
Azimidobenzene
Aziminobenzene
Benzene azimide
Benzisotriazole
Benzotriazole
Benztriazole
Cobratec 99
1,2-Aminoazophenylene
1,2,3-Benzotriazole
1,2,3-Triaza-1H-indene
1,2,3-Triazaindene
1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole
2,3-Diazaindole
Cobratec No. 99
NCI-C03521
NSC-3058
U-6233
1,2,3-Benztriazole
Cobratec 35G
1,2,3-1H-Benzotriazole
1,2,3-benzotriazole-1h-benzotriazole
1,2,3-Benztriazole
1,2,3-Triaza-1H-indene
1,2,3-Triazaindene
1,2,-aminozophenylene
1,2-Aminoazophenylene
1,2-Aminozophenylene
1h-benzo
1-H Benzotriazole
1,2,3-Benzotriazole
Azimidobenzene
Benzisotriazole
benzene azimide
1,2,3-triaza-1H-indene
aziminobenzene
1,2-aminoazophenylene
2,3-diazaindole
1,2,3-triazaindene
1,2,-Aminozophenylene
1,2,3-Triaza-1H-indene
2,3-Diazaindole
Azimidobenzene
Aziminobenzene
Benzene azimide
Benzisotriazole
BTA
Benzotriazole

Benzotriazole (BTA) is white to light pink needle crystal.
Benzotriazole (BTA) slightly soluble in cold water, ethanol and ether.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform, dimethylformamide, and most organic solvents.

CAS Number: 95-14-7
Molecular Formula: C6H5N3
Molecular Weight: 119.12
EINECS Number: 202-394-1

Benzotriazole (BTA) is the simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.
Benzotriazole (BTA) has a role as an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is ayellow to beige solid or Colorless needle-like crystals.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is an organic compound.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is slightly soluble in water, soluble in hot water, and easily soluble in alkaline aqueous solutions.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is divided into oil-soluble benzotriazole and water-soluble benzotriazole.

Among them, water-soluble Benzotriazole (BTA) can be dissolved in water.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can also be dissolved with a solvent.
The high content of active components and the small number of impurities are prerequisites for the solubility of Benzotriazole (BTA).

Benzotriazole (BTA) includes ethanol, benzene, toluene, chloroform, and N N-dimethylformamide.
The solubility of water and oil determines that Benzotriazole (BTA) must have a high content of impurities and less water to achieve both water and oil.
Benzotriazole, often abbreviated as BTA, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H5N3.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is a heterocyclic compound containing two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms in its ring structure.
Benzotriazole is commonly used for various purposes, primarily as a corrosion inhibitor, a UV absorber, and a stabilizer in various industries, including:
Benzotriazole (BTA) is known for its ability to inhibit the corrosion of metals, particularly copper and its alloys.

Benzotriazole (BTA) forms a protective layer on the metal surface, which prevents the metal from reacting with corrosive agents like oxygen and water.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is not only water-soluble but also oil soluble.
Benzotriazole (BTA), The emulsifier is not required for the addition process.

This can greatly reduce the side effects of the addition of Benzotriazole (BTA).
Benzotriazole (BTA) and its related Na salts do belong to the most effective corrosion inhibitors for copper and copper alloys.
Benzotriazole (BTA) does further show positive effects in protection of steel, gray iron, cadmium and nickel.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is bitter, odorless, boiling point is 204℃ (15mmHg),soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and
dimethylformamide, and slightly soluble in water.
Benzotriazole (BTA) belong to the most effective corrosion inhibitors for copper and copper alloys.
Benzotriazole (BTA) does further show positive effects in protection of steel, gray iron, cadmium and nickel.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is one of the most effective corrosion inhibitors for copper and copper alloy used in various industries.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as a UV absorber in plastics, coatings, and other materials.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation, helping to protect the underlying materials from UV-induced degradation and color fading.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as a stabilizer for products like polymers and fuels.
Benzotriazole (BTA) helps extend the shelf life and performance of these materials.
Further positive effects of Benzotriazole (BTA) can be seen in protection of steel, grey iron, Cadmium and Nickel.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is bitter, odorless, boiling point is 204℃ (15mmHg),soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and
dimethylformamide, and slightly soluble in water.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be processed into flakes, granules, powder.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is oxidized in the air and gradually turned red.

Benzotriazole (BTA) tastes bitter and odorless.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is soluble in ethanol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and N,N-dimethylformamide, slightly soluble in water.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is bitter, odorless, boiling point is 204% (15mmHg),soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and
dimethylformamide, and slightly soluble in water.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is a heterocyclic compound containing three nitrogen atoms, with the chemical formula C6H5N3.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is colorless and polar and can be used in various fields.
Benzotriazole (BTA) other names Benzotriazole (BTA), is slightly soluble in water.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is a heterocyclic compound containing three nitrogen atoms with the chemical formula C6H5N3.
Benzotriazole (BTA) has two fused rings.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is a heterocyclic compound with the chemical formula C6H5N3.

Benzotriazole (BTA)'s five-membered ring contains three consecutive nitrogen atoms.
Benzotriazole (BTA) may be viewed as fused rings of the aromatic compounds benzene and triazole.
Benzotriazole (BTA) has a variety of uses, for instance, as a corrosion inhibitor for copper.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is bitter,odorless,boiling point is 204℃(15mmHg),soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and
dimethylformamide,and slightly soluble in water.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is white to light yellow needles, m.p. 98.5 deg.] C, boiling point 204 ℃ (15 mm Hg), slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and other organic solvents.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is particularly effective in inhibiting the corrosion of copper and its alloys.

Benzotriazole (BTA) forms a protective film on the metal's surface, preventing the metal from reacting with substances that would otherwise cause corrosion.
This protective film is often referred to as a passivation layer.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in a wide range of applications, such as in cooling systems for automobiles, aircraft, and industrial equipment, where copper and its alloys are used in heat exchangers and other components.

Benzotriazole (BTA)'s ability to absorb UV radiation makes it valuable in the protection of materials sensitive to UV damage.
This includes plastics, coatings, adhesives, and other polymers.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is commonly used in the plastics industry to prevent the degradation of plastic materials exposed to sunlight. By absorbing UV rays, it reduces the chances of the material becoming brittle, discolored, or losing its structural integrity.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can act as a stabilizer for various chemical products.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in some aviation fuels to prevent the formation of potentially harmful compounds during combustion. In the production of certain polymers and resins, it can be added to improve their stability, which can extend their shelf life and enhance their performance properties.

Benzotriazole (BTA) has been studied for its potential biological activity and is sometimes used in the pharmaceutical industry as a precursor for the synthesis of specific compounds.
Benzotriazole (BTA) has also been evaluated for its toxicity and environmental impact, and as such, it should be handled with care to minimize any potential harm.
While benzotriazole has many industrial applications, its use has raised some environmental concerns due to its persistence in the environment.

Benzotriazole (BTA) has been detected in water bodies and is considered a potential environmental pollutant.
Proper disposal and treatment methods are important to mitigate its impact on the environment.
Benzotriazole (BTA) copper corrosion inhibitor can be adsorbed on the metal surface to form a thin film to protect copper and other metals from corrosion and atmospheric harmful media.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can be absorbed on metal surface and form a thin film to protect copper and other metals.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is White needle, flake, granular, powder.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is soluble in alcohol,benzene,toluene,chloroform and DMF, slightly soluble in water,turn red in air with
oxidation,explosive in vacuum distillation.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is an effective corrosion inhibitor for copper and its alloys by preventing undesirable surface reactions. Benzotriazole (BTA) is known that when copper is immersed in a solution containing Benzotriazole (BTA), a passive layer consisting of a complex between copper and benzotriazole is formed.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in protection, especially in the treatment of bronze disease.

The precise nature of the copperBenzotriazole (BTA) complex is controversial, and many suggestions have been put forward.
Benzotriazole (BTA) derivatives have chemical and biological properties that are versatile in the pharmaceutical industry.
Benzotriazole (BTA) derivatives act as agonists for many proteins.

For example, vorozol and alizapride have beneficial inhibitory properties against different proteins, and Benzotriazole (BTA) esters have been reported to work as mechanism-based inactivators for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)3CL protease.
The methodology is not only limited to heterocyclization, but has also been successful for polynuclear hydrocarbons of small carbocyclic
systems.

Melting point: 97-99 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 204 °C (15 mmHg)
Density: 1,36 g/cm3
vapor density: 4.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.04 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: 1.5589 (estimate)
Flash point: 170 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 19g/l
form: Powder, Granules, Crystals, Needles or Flakes
pka: 1.6(at 20℃)
color: White to yellow-beige
Odor: Slight characteristic odor
PH: 6.0-7.0 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)suspension
explosive limit: 2%
Water Solubility: 25 g/l in water (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,1108
BRN: 112133
Stability: Stable, but may be light sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, heavy metals.
InChIKey: QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.34 at 22.7℃

In addition to corrosion inhibition, Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in the metalworking industry as a component of cutting fluids and coolants.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can improve the efficiency of machining processes by reducing friction and wear on cutting tools, which extends their lifespan.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is employed in the electronics industry for the protection of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and semiconductor devices.

Benzotriazole (BTA) forms a protective layer on metal components to prevent oxidation and corrosion, which can be particularly important in electronic devices that need to maintain their performance over extended periods.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is utilized as a stabilizer and UV absorber in the dye and pigment industry.
Benzotriazole (BTA) helps maintain the color and stability of dyes and pigments when they are exposed to sunlight and other environmental stressors.

In traditional photography, Benzotriazole (BTA) has been used in the development of silver-based photographs.
Benzotriazole (BTA) acts as a photographic sensitizer, improving the sensitivity of light-sensitive emulsions used in photographic films and papers.
While Benzotriazole (BTA) is generally considered safe when used in accordance with industry standards, prolonged or high-level exposure to the compound can be associated with potential health risks.

Benzotriazole (BTA)'s important to follow safety guidelines when working with benzotriazole, such as using appropriate personal protective equipment.
Benzotriazole (BTA)'s five-membered ring may be present in tautomers A and B, and derivatives of both tautomers as well as structures C and D can be produced.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is highly water-soluble, does not decompose immediately, and has a limited absorption tendency.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is only partially removed in wastewater treatment plants, and a significant part reaches surface waters such as rivers and lakes.
Benzotriazole (BTA) exists as a white solid.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is a heterocyclic compound containing three nitrogen atoms, with the chemical formula C6H5N3.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is an anticorrosive chemical used primarily on copper, but also on iron, steel, cadmium, chromium, zinc.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can form covalent and coordinate-covalent linkages with metals, which prevent attack by corrosive agents.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is bitter, odorless, soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and DMF, slightly soluble in water, turn red in air with oxidation.

The simplest member of the class of Benzotriazole (BTA) that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.
Benzotriazole (BTA) consists of benzene and a tri-azole ring.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be released into the environment through various industrial processes and wastewater discharges.

Benzotriazole (BTA)s persistence in the environment has raised concerns about its potential accumulation in water bodies and its effects on aquatic life.
As a result, there is growing interest in mitigating its environmental impact and finding more eco-friendly alternatives.
The use and disposal of benzotriazole are subject to regulations in many countries.

Regulations often govern its concentration in specific products and the allowable limits in wastewater discharges to protect the environment.
The triazoles are a group of highly explosive materials that are sensitive to heat, friction, and impact.
Sensitivity varies with the type substitution to the triazole ring.

Metal chelated and halogen substitution of the triazol ring make for a particularly heat sensitive material.
Azido and nitro derivatives have been employed as high explosives.
No matter the derivative these materials should be treated as explosives.

Preparation:
Benzotriazole (BTA) is prepared by the reaction of o-phenylenediamine with nitrous acid in dilute sulfuric acid.
Damschrodner and Peterson were able to synthesize the Benzotriazole (BTA) in a high yield (80%) by nitrosation of o- henylenediamine with sodium nitrite in glacial acetic acid and water.
Synthesis of Benzotriazole (BTA) via diazotization of o-phenylenediamine.

Reaction: Add o-phenylenediamine to 50°C water to dissolve, then add glacial acetic acid, cool down to 5°C, add sodium nitrite to stir the reaction.
The reactant gradually turned dark green, the temperature rose to 70-80 ℃, the solution turned orange-red, placed at room temperature for 2 hours, cooled, filtered out the crystals, washed with ice water, dried to obtain the crude product, the crude product was distilled under reduced pressure, and collected 201 -204°C (2.0kPa) fraction, and then recrystallized with benzene to obtain Benzotriazole (BTA) products with a melting point of 96-97°C, with a yield of about 80%.

Uses
Benzotriazole (BTA) is an anticorrosive agent, which is useful in aircraft deicing and antifreeze fluids.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is also employed in dishwasher detergents.
Further, it is used as a restrainer in photographic emulsions and also useful as a reagent for the determination of silver in analytical chemistry.

Benzotriazole (BTA) also serves as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.
Further, Benzotriazole (BTA) is utilized in the synthesis of amines from glyoxal.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can also be used in combination with a variety of scale inhibitors and biocide.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used for metal (such as silver, copper, lead, zinc, nickel) as antirust and corrosion inhibitor.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is widely used in rustproof oil (fat) products, and more as vapor phase inhibitors of copper and copper alloy, circulating water treatment agent, also used for auto antifreeze, polymer stabilizers, plant growth regulator, lubricant additives, UV absorber, etc, and usedBenzotriazole (BTA) is an organic compound.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is white to light pink needle crystal. 1-2-3-benzotriazole is soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform, dimethylformamide, and most organic solvents. However, it is slightly soluble in water, soluble in hot water, and easily soluble in alkaline aqueous solutions.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is also commonly used in water cooling systems.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used as a silver polishing agent in dishwasher detergent, automotive antifreeze, as a restrainer in photographic emulsions, and use as a lubricant additive.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can also be derived to create anti-fading agents for metals, antiseptic agents, UV-absorbers, pesticides, and photoconductors.
Benzotriazole (BTA) derivative are effective as drug precursors as well.

Benzotriazole (BTA) has more applications in brake fluids, cleaners, coatings and adhesives, flooring, fuels, inks, tires, and water treatment.
Benzotriazole (BTA) also possesses antihypertensive, antibacterial, analgesic, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can also be matched with a variety of scale inhibitor, algae fungicidal, especially has good corrosion-resistant effect on closed circulating cooling water system.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used as antirust agent and corrosion inhibitor for metals.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used as rust-preventer, antifreezing liquid, antioxidant additive(including lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, brake oil, transformer's oil), emugent, water stabilizer, the additive for high molecular materials' (polyester and polyesteramide) capacity of ultraviolet resistance and anti- static electricity, photographic antifogging agent, copper mine flotation, metal's slow corrosion etc.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used in different applications in major industries.
For example, Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in cooling water or boiler systems by the industrial water treatment industry.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be also used in coolants and antifreeze products.

Another application is the use as an additive in industrial lubricants, like e.g. drilling and cutting fluids.
Benzotriazole (BTA) does also work to protect silver ware in dishwashing tablets and can be further used in metal detergents.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used Cooling water systems / industrial water treatment, industrial lubricants (e.g. drilling and cutting fluids), dishwashing tablets (silver protection), metal detergents and polishing, coolants, VCI papers / metal packaging, antifogging agent (photo).

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in cooling water or boiler systems by the industrial water treatment industry.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is widely used as a corrosion inhibitor, particularly for copper and its alloys.
Benzotriazole (BTA) forms a protective layer on the surface of metals, preventing them from reacting with corrosive substances like oxygen and water.

This makes Benzotriazole (BTA) valuable in applications where copper or copper-based materials are exposed to potentially corrosive environments, such as in cooling systems, heat exchangers, and plumbing.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as a UV absorber in various materials, including plastics, coatings, adhesives, and polymers.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which helps to protect these materials from UV-induced degradation.
This is essential for products that may be exposed to sunlight and need to maintain their structural integrity and color over time.
In the chemical industry, Benzotriazole (BTA) is employed as a stabilizer for a range of products, including fuels, polymers, and resins.

Benzotriazole (BTA) helps extend the shelf life and maintain the performance of these materials by preventing or reducing degradation due to factors like heat, light, or chemical reactions.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in cutting fluids and coolants.
Benzotriazole (BTA) reduces friction, minimizes wear on cutting tools, and improves the efficiency of machining processes, extending the life of tools and enhancing the quality of machining operations.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is utilized in the electronics industry for protecting electronic components, such as printed circuit boards (PCBs) and semiconductor devices, from corrosion and oxidation.
Benzotriazole (BTA) ensures the long-term reliability of these components.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as a photographic sensitizer to enhance the sensitivity of light-sensitive emulsions in photographic films and papers, ensuring better image quality and development.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used in the textile industry to enhance the UV resistance of textiles and improve their durability when exposed to sunlight.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is employed as a stabilizer and UV absorber in the dye and pigment industry to maintain the color and stability of dyes and pigments when they are exposed to UV light.
Benzotriazole (BTA) has been studied for potential biological activity and is used as a precursor in the synthesis of specific compounds in the pharmaceutical industry.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can be also used in coolants and antifreeze products.
An application of Benzotriazole (BTA) is the use as an additive in industrial lubricants, like e.g. drilling and cutting fluids.
Benzotriazole (BTA) does also work to protect silver ware in dishwashing tablets and can be further used in metal detergents.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used as rust-preventer, antifreezing liquid, antioxidant additive(including lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, brake oil, transformer's oil), emugent, water stabilizer, the additive for high molecular materials (polyester and polyesteramide) capacity of ultraviolet resistance and anti-static electricity, photographic antifogging agent, copper mine flotation, metal's slow corrosion etc.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in combinaton with ammonium hydroxide and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

Benzotriazole (BTA) has an anti-corrosion effect on metal materials such as copper, aluminum, cast iron, nickel, and zinc.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be combined with a variety of corrosion inhibitors to improve corrosion inhibition.
In aviation, benzotriazole is used as a corrosion inhibitor for aircraft components, such as landing gear, hydraulic systems, and fuel tanks.

Benzotriazole (BTA) helps protect critical aircraft parts from corrosion caused by exposure to harsh environmental conditions.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used in antifreeze formulations to inhibit the corrosion of metal components within a vehicle's cooling system.
Benzotriazole (BTA) helps maintain the efficiency and longevity of the cooling system.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is sometimes employed as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metal pipes and equipment used in water distribution systems.
Benzotriazole (BTA) finds use in the oil and gas industry as a corrosion inhibitor for pipelines and storage tanks, where it helps prevent the degradation of metal surfaces exposed to oil and gas products.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in the automotive industry in various applications, such as protecting vehicle brake systems, engine components, and cooling systems from corrosion.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for steel reinforcement in concrete structures to increase their longevity and structural integrity.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in printing inks to improve their lightfastness, which is the resistance of inks to fading when exposed to light over time.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is often added to paints and coatings to enhance their UV resistance and protect surfaces from discoloration and degradation caused by exposure to sunlight.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used to inhibit corrosion on ship hulls and other metal components that are in constant contact with water.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used in certain food packaging materials to prevent the degradation of the packaging when exposed to UV light.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used to protect metal parts on boats and watercraft, such as outboard motors and propellers, from corrosion in marine environments.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is also widely used in metal rust inhibitors such as copper, silver, zinc, aluminum, cast iron, water purifying agents, etc.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used for water treatment, oil oxidation, metal oxidation and so on.
Benzotriazole (BTA) has a good corrosion inhibition effect on the copper and has the same anti-corrosion effect on other metal materials.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is also preferred UV absorber.
Adding benzotriazole to products such as plastics, rubber, and fuel can solve the degradation problem well.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can improve the light resistance of synthetic materials.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used for surface purification of silver, copper, and zinc in electroplating, and has an anti-tarnishing effect.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is a good ultraviolet light absorber and can be used as a development antifogging for black and white film and photographic paper.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used additive to cutting fluid, immobile working fluid, antifreeze, circulating coolant, etc.

When added to lubricating oil and transformer oil, Benzotriazole (BTA) prevents aging of the oil.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used additive for acidic copper plating solution.
When added to coating agents such as paints, Benzotriazole (BTA) inhibits corrosion of the underlying film.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used additives for copper polishing agents.
In the photographic industry, Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as a stabilizer against ultraviolet lights.
Benzotriazole (BTA) has already been used as a restrainer in photographic emulsions and as a reagent for the analytical determination of silver.

Benzotriazole (BTA) has been extensively used as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used as antifreezes, heating and cooling systems, hydraulic fluids and vapor phase inhibitors as well.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is an effective corrosion inhibitor for copper and its alloys by preventing undesirable surface reactions.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in conservation, notably for the treatment of bronze disease.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used Photographic emulsions, anti-corrosion, pharmaceutical industry.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is already used as a limiting (or anti-fogging agent) in photographic emulsions or solution development, and as a reagent for the analytical determination of silver.

Benzotriazole (BTA) has been widely used as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in antifreeze, heating and cooling systems, hydraulic fluids and vapor phase inhibitors.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used as rust-preventer, anti-freezing liquid, antioxidant additive(including lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, brake oil, transformer's oil), water stabilizer, the additive for high molecular materials (polyester and polyesteramide) capacity of ultraviolet resistance and anti-static electricity, photographic anti-fogging agent, copper mine flotation, metal's slow corrosion etc.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is applied as anti-rusting agent or corrosion inhibitor for metal (mainly copper and its alloys) by forming a passive layer, consisting of a complex between copper and benzotriazole, when copper is immersed in a solution containing benzotriazole.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as anti-freezing agent for car, synthetic detergent, anti-dust agent for photography and polymer stabilizer.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used as rust-preventer, antifreezing liquid, (including lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, brake oil, transformer's oil), emugent, water stabilizer, the additive for high molecular materials (polyester and polyesteramide) capacity of ultraviolet resistance and anti static electricity, photographic antifogging agent, copper mine flotation, metal's slow corrosion etc.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is a corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloys, and is commonly used in water cooling systems.
Benzotriazole (BTA) applications include use as a silver polishing agent in dishwasher detergent, automotive antifreeze, antirust for photography, and use as a lubricant additive.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can also be derived to create anti-fading agents for metals, antiseptic agents, UV-absorbers, pesticides, and photoconductors.

Benzotriazole (BTA) (BT) is a chemical used in a wide variety of industrial, commercial, and consumer products.
Benzotriazole (BTA) main used as an anticorrosive in metalworking, in art restoration, and as a tarnish remover and protective coating in the construction industry.
In the aircraft industry, Benzotriazole (BTA) and tolyl benzotriazole are found to be the primary agents in most types of aircraft deicing/antiicing fluid (ADAFs).

Benzotriazole (BTA) is also used as a component of aircraft deicing fluid, pickling inhibitor in boiler scale removal, restrainer, developer and antifogging agent in photographic emulsions, corrosion inhibitor for copper, chemical intermediate for dyes, in pharmaceuticals, and as fungicide. (HSDB 1998).
Benzotriazole (BTA), ethylenediamine tetraaceticacid(EDTA), and potassium iodide(KI) were used for preparing the polishing slurries.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used as antirust agent and corrosion inhibitor for metals.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is widely used in the antirust oil products such as gas phase corrosion inhibitor , in treating agent for recycling water ,in antifreeze for cars antifogging for photograph.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as stabilizer for macromolecular compound, growth regulator for plant, lubricant additive , ultraviolet absorbent etc.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used together with many kinds of scale inhibitors and bactericide and algaecide,and Benzotriazole (BTA) shows excellent anticorrosion effect in close recycling cooling water system.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in metal rust and corrosion inhibitors, used in the preparation of water quality stabilizers, anti-rust greases, and also used in the synthesis of photographic anti-fogging agents and vapor phase rust inhibitors.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in extreme pressure industrial gear oils.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used as anti-rust and vapor phase corrosion inhibitor in lubricating grease such as curve gear oil, anti-wear hydraulic oil, oil film bearing oil, lubricating grease.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in anti-rust oil (grease) products, mostly used in the vapor phase of copper and copper alloy Corrosion inhibitor circulating water treatment agent, automobile antifreeze, photographic antifogging agent, polymer stabilizer, plant growth regulator, lubricant additive, ultraviolet absorber, etc.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can also be used in conjunction with a variety of scale inhibitors, bactericidal and algaecide.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used for corrosion and rust prevention of copper and silver equipment.

Benzotriazole (BTA) can also be used in the preparation of photographic dust-proof, anti-fog and vapor phase rust inhibitor.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used as rust-preventer,antifreezing liquid, antioxidant additive(including lubricating oil, hydraulic oil,brake oil, transformer's oil), emugent, water stabilizer, the additive for high molecular materials'(polyester and polyesteramide)capacity of ultraviolet resistance and anstatic electricity, photographic antifogging agent, copper mine flotation, metal's slow corrosion etc.
Benzotriazole (BTA) has already been used as a restrainer (or anti-fogging agent) in photographic emulsions or developing solutions, and as a reagent for the analytical determination of silver.

Benzotriazole (BTA) has been extensively used as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.
Benzotriazole (BTA)'s derivatives and their effectiveness as drug precursors have been drawing attention.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used as antifreezes, heating and cooling systems, hydraulic fluids, and vapor-phase inhibitors as well.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is an effective corrosion inhibitor for copper and its alloys by preventing undesirable surface reactions.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is known that a passive layer, consisting of a complex between copper and benzotriazole, is formed when copper is immersed in a solution containing benzotriazole.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in conservation, notably for the treatment of bronze disease.

Benzotriazole (BTA) derivatives act as agonists for many proteins.
For instance, vorozole and alizapride have useful inhibitory properties against different proteins and benzotriazole esters have been reported to work as mechanism-based inactivators for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 3CL protease.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is a very widely used chemical in various industries.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as a corrosion inhibitor for metals such as copper and its alloys Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as anti blur factor in photo printing
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in production of light-sensitive chemicals.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in application in cleaners used in plating processes.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in production Water purification products and Laboratory chemicals
One of the most common methods of corrosion control is the use of disinfectants such as nitrates and chromates.
Finding alternative compounds for these compounds is very important for environmental reasons.

Benzotriazole (BTA) and the azole family are one of these alternatives, which chemically adsorb nitrogen atoms on the surface by sharing unpaired electron pairs with an empty metal orbital to prevent dissolution and corrosion.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is mainly used as rust-preventer, antifreezing liquid, antioxidant additive (including lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, brake oil, transformer's oil), emugent, water stabilizer, the additive for high molecular materials (polyester and polyesteramide) capacity of ultraviolet resistance and anti- static electricity, photographic antifogging agent, copper mine flotation, metal's slow corrosion etc.

Benzotriazole (BTA), also known as BTA, is a chemical used as a ligand to form complexes and has many applications in industry, the most common of which is to prevent rust and corrosion of metals.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is a corrosion inhibitor for metals such as copper and its alloys, silver, aluminum, cobalt, and zinc, which are relatively soluble in water and do not decompose easily.
Benzotriazole (BTA), commonly abbreviated as BTA, is a versatile compound used in industries such as Semiconductor/Electronic manufacturing and drug manufacturing.

Safety Profile:
Poison by intravenous route.Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenicdata.
May detonate at 220°C or during vacuum distillation.

In aviation, Benzotriazole (BTA) is used as a corrosion inhibitor for aircraft components, such as landing gear, hydraulic systems, and fuel tanks.
Benzotriazole (BTA) helps protect critical aircraft parts from corrosion caused by exposure to harsh environmental conditions.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used in antifreeze formulations to inhibit the corrosion of metal components within a vehicle's cooling system.

Benzotriazole (BTA) helps maintain the efficiency and longevity of the cooling system.
Benzotriazole (BTA) is sometimes employed as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metal pipes and equipment used in water distribution systems.
Benzotriazole (BTA) finds use in the oil and gas industry as a corrosion inhibitor for pipelines and storage tanks, where it helps prevent the degradation of metal surfaces exposed to oil and gas products.

Benzotriazole (BTA) is used in the automotive industry in various applications, such as protecting vehicle brake systems, engine components, and cooling systems from corrosion.
Benzotriazole (BTA) can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for steel reinforcement in concrete structures to increase their longevity and structural integrity.

Toxicity evaluation
According to a 1977 EPA report, benzotriazole is considered to be of very low toxicity and a low health hazard to humans.
In the same EPA report, two benzotriazole derivatives were reported to be mutagenic in bacterial systems.
A year later, NIH published a report that there was no convincing evidence that the compound is carcinogenic (NIH, 1978).

Benzotriazole (BTA) is, however, more recently well established that 1-amino benzotriazole, with an amino group attached to one of the ring nitrogens, is a potent mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P-450s via a benzyne intermediate (Ortiz de Montellano and Mathews, 1981), indicating that benzotriazoles as a class may interact with the P-450s.
The P450s are important both for detoxifying a broad range of xenobiotics and for activating many compounds to carcinogens in mammalian systems.

Synonyms
Benzotriazole (BTA)
Benzotriazole
95-14-7
1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOLE
2H-Benzotriazole
Azimidobenzene
1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole
Aziminobenzene
Benztriazole
Benzisotriazole
Benzene azimide
Cobratec #99
2,3-Diazaindole
1,2-Aminoazophenylene
1,2,3-Triazaindene
Cobratec 99
2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
1,2,-Aminozophenylene
1,2,3-Triaza-1H-indene
Cobratec 35G
NSC-3058
273-02-9
1,2,3Benzotriazole (BTA)
Verzone Crystal
NCI-C03521
Kemitec TT
Rusmin R
Seetec BT
CCRIS 78
27556-51-0
DTXSID6020147
U-6233
CHEBI:75331
HSDB 4143
EINECS 202-394-1
UNII-86110UXM5Y
BRN 0112133
AI3-15984
86110UXM5Y
MFCD00005699
DTXCID00147
EC 202-394-1
4-26-00-00093 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
1H-Benzotriazol
Benzotriazole (VAN)
Entek
BtaH
CAS-95-14-7
Pseudoazimidobenzene
Irgastab I 489
1,2,3-Benzotriazole,1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
azaindazole
benzotriazol
ISK 3
aza-indazole
3uzj
1 h-benzotriazole
1,3-Triazaindene
0CT
1,3-Benzotriazole
Cobratec No. 99
1,2-Aminozophenylene
1,2,3-Benztriazole
1H-1,3-Benzotriazole
1,3-Triaza-1H-indene
Benzotriazole (BTA) (VAN8C
WLN: T56 BMNNJ
SCHEMBL8956
1H-BT
BENZOTRIAZOLE [INCI]
MLS002302971
CHEMBL84963
1H-benzo-[1,2,3]triazole
D 32-108
Benzotriazole (BTA) [MI]
BDBM36293
NSC3058
Benzotriazole, analytical standard
HMS3091M10
AMY37120
Benzotriazole, reagent grade, 97%
CS-D1407
HY-Y0688
STR01561
Tox21_201501
Tox21_302934
BDBM50234613
STL281967
Benzotriazole, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOLE [HSDB]
Benzotriazole (BTA), >=98.0% (N)
AKOS000119181
AKOS025396849
PS-3644
NCGC00091322-01
NCGC00091322-02
NCGC00091322-03
NCGC00256574-01
NCGC00259052-01
BP-21454
SMR001252218
B0094
BB 0243857
FT-0606217
FT-0698151
Benzotriazole, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
EN300-17964
D77352
AB00374479-06
AC-907/34124039
Q220672
W-100172
Z57127352
F2190-0645
InChI=1/C6H5N3/c1-2-4-6-5(3-1)7-9-8-6/h1-4H,(H,7,8,9
BTR

BENZOTRIAZOLYL DODECYL P-CRESOL, N° CAS : 125304-04-3, Nom INCI : BENZOTRIAZOLYL DODECYL P-CRESOL, Nom chimique : Phenol, 2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-Dodecyl-4-Methyl-, Branched and Linear. Absorbant UV : Protège le produit cosmétique contre les effets de la lumière UV

SYNONYMS Phenol, 2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-Dodecyl-4-Methyl-, Branched and Linear;2-(2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-6-dodecyl-4-methylphenol;2-(2H- benzothiazol-2-yl)-6-(dodecyl)-4-methylphenol;2-( benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-dodecyl-4-methylphenol;2-(2H- benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-dodecyl-4-methylphenol CAS NO:125304-04-3

Azimidobenzene, Cobratec 99; 1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole; 2,3-Diazaindole; 1,2-Aminozophenylene; 1,2,3-Benztriazole; 1,2,3-Benzotriazole; 1,2,3-Triaza-1H-indene; 1,2,3-Triazaindene; Benzene Azimide; Benzene azimide; Benzisotriazole CAS NO:95-14-7

Benzoyl chloride, also known as benzenecarbonyl chloride, is an organochlorine compound with the formula C7H5ClO.
Benzoyl chloride is a colourless, fuming liquid with an irritating odour, and consists of a benzene ring (C6H6) with an acyl chloride (−C(=O)Cl) substituent.
Benzoyl chloride is mainly useful for the production of peroxides but is generally useful in other areas such as in the preparation of dyes, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, and resins.

CAS Number: 98-88-4
EC Number: 202-710-8
Linear Formula:: C6H5COCl
Molecular Weight: 140.57


Benzoyl chloride is also known as benzene carbonyl chloride.
The chemical formula of benzoyl chloride is C7H5ClO.
Benzoyl chloride is a colourless liquid, boiling point 198°,fuming in moist air.

Benzoyl chloride has a pungent odour and its vapour causes profuse watering of eyes and nose.
Benzoyl chloride is practically insoluble in water.


Benzoyl chloride appears as a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor.
Flash point of Benzoyl chloride is 162 °F.
Lachrymator, irritating to skin and eyes.

Benzoyl chloride is Corrosive to metals and tissue.
Density of Benzoyl chloride is 10.2 lb / gal.
Benzoyl chloride is Used in medicine and in the manufacture of other chemicals.

Benzoyl chloride is an acyl chloride consisting of benzene in which a hydrogen is replaced by an acyl chloride group.
Benzoyl chloride is an important chemical intermediate for the manufacture of other chemicals, dyes, perfumes, herbicides and pharmaceuticals.

Benzoyl chloride has a role as a carcinogenic agent.
Benzoyl chloride is an acyl chloride and a member of benzenes.
Benzoyl chloride is functionally related to a benzoic acid.


Benzoyl chloride consisting of benzene in which a hydrogen is replaced by an acyl chloride group.
Benzoyl chloride is an important chemical intermediate for the manufacture of other chemicals, dyes, perfumes, herbicides and pharmaceuticals.


Benzoyl chloride is an organochlorine useful for the production of peroxides.
Benzoyl chloride is slso employed in the synthesis of diverse organic compounds, including polymers, dyes, and heterocyclic compounds like pyridines and quinolines.
Benzoyl chloride is instrumental in the synthesis of hydroxy-substituted benzoyl chloride acids.


Depending on the reaction conditions, benzoyl chloride undergoes various transformations.
Benzoyl chloride readily reacts with amines to yield amides, with alcohols to form esters, and with phenols to generate aryl esters.
Furthermore, Benzoyl chloride can engage in reactions with carboxylic acids to produce acyl chlorides, and with thiols to generate thioesters.












USES OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride is used in tear gases to disperse mobs.
Benzoyl chloride is mainly useful for the production of peroxides.

Benzoyl chloride is also useful for preparation of dyes, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, and resins.
Benzoyl chloride is also used in photography and artificial tannin production.


PREPARATION OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride is produced from benzotrichloride using either water or benzoic acid:
C6H5CCl3 + H2O → C6H5COCl + 2 HCl
C6H5CCl3 + C6H5CO2H → 2 C6H5COCl + HCl

As with other acyl chlorides, Benzoyl chloride can be generated from the parent acid and standard chlorinating agents such as phosphorus pentachloride, thionyl chloride, and oxalyl chloride.
Benzoyl chloride was first prepared by treatment of benzaldehyde with chlorine.
An early method for production of benzoyl chloride involved chlorination of benzyl alcohol.


REACTIONS OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride reacts with water to produce hydrochloric acid and benzoic acid:
C6H5COCl + H2O → C6H5COOH + HCl
Benzoyl chloride is a typical acyl chloride.

Benzoyl chloride reacts with alcohols to give the corresponding esters.
Similarly, Benzoyl chloride reacts with amines to give the amide.
Benzoyl chloride undergoes the Friedel-Crafts acylation with aromatic compounds to give the corresponding benzophenones and related derivatives.


With carbanions, Benzoyl chloride serves again as a source of the benzoyl cation synthon, C6H5CO+.
Benzoyl peroxide, a common reagent in polymer chemistry, is produced industrially by treating benzoyl chloride with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide:

2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O



APPLICATIONS OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride may be used in the synthesis of the following organic building blocks:
• N,N-diethylbenzamide via condensation with diethylamine
• N-2-bromophenylbenzamide by reacting with 2-bromoaniline via N-benzoylation
• propargyl benzoate via O-benzoylation of propargyl alcohol

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Q1
What is the difference between benzyl chloride and benzoyl chloride?
Benzyl chloride is an aromatic halide having chemical formula C6H5CH2Cl .
Benzoyl chloride is acyl chloride having chemical formula C6H5COCl.

Q2
2. How do you get benzoyl chloride?
Benzoyl chloride is produced by the action of carbonyl chloride on benzene in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride (Friedel Crafts reaction).
Benzoyl chloride can also be produced by reaction of benzoic acid with phosphorus pentachloride.

Q3
3. Is benzoyl chloride soluble in water?
Slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents like alcohols, acetone, etc.
Benzoyl chloride reacts with hot water to produce benzoic acid

Q4
4. What is the action of benzoyl chloride on ethanamine?
Benzoyl chloride reacts with ethylamine to produce N- Ethyl benzamide:
C6H5COCl + C2H5NH2 → C6H5CONHC2H5 + HCl.

Q5
5. How is benzoic acid obtained from benzoyl chloride?
Benzoyl chloride reacts with hot water to produce benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid: C6H5COCl + H2O → C6H5CO2H + HCl.




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Chemical formula C7H5ClO
Molar mass 140.57 g•mol−1
Appearance colorless liquid
Odor Benzaldehyde like but more pungent
Density 1.21 g/mL, liquid
Melting point −1 °C (30 °F; 272 K)
Boiling point 197.2 °C (387.0 °F; 470.3 K)
Solubility in water reacts, forms hydrogen chloride on contact with water
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -75.8•10−6 cm3/mol
vapor density: 4.88 (vs air)
Quality Level : 200
vapor pressure : 1 mmHg ( 32 °C)
Assay: 98.0-100.5%
99%
Form : liquid
autoignition temp.: 1056 °F
expl. lim. : 4.9 %
Impurities: ≤0.002% P compounds
ign. Residue: ≤0.005%
refractive index: n20/D 1.553 (lit.)
bp: 198 °C (lit.)
Mp: −1 °C (lit.)
transition temp: freezing point −2.0-0.0 °C
density: 1.211 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
cation traces
Fe: ≤0.001%
heavy metals (as Pb): ≤0.001%
Molecular Weight 140.56 g/mol
XLogP3 2.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 1
Rotatable Bond Count 1
Exact Mass 140.0028925 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 140.0028925 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 17.1Ų
Heavy Atom Count 9
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 106
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Boiling point 197.2 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 1.21 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit 2.5 - 27 %(V)
Flash point 93 °C
Ignition temperature 600 °C
Melting Point -0.6 °C
pH value 2 (1 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure 0.5 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive Index 1.5537 (20 °C, 589 nm)
Solubility (20 °C) (decomposition)
Assay (GC, area%) ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C) 1.210 - 1.214
Identity (IR) passes test
Chemical Formula: C7H5ClO
Flash Point: 162°F (NTP, 1992)
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): 1.2 % (NTP, 1992)
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): 4.9 % (NTP, 1992)
Autoignition Temperature: data unavailable
Melting Point: 30.2°F (NTP, 1992)
Vapor Pressure: 0.4 mmHg at 68°F ; 1 mmHg at 89.8°F (NTP, 1992)
Vapor Density (Relative to Air): 4.88 (NTP, 1992)
Specific Gravity: 1.211 at 77°F (USCG, 1999)
Boiling Point: 387°F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
Molecular Weight: 140.57 (NTP, 1992)
Water Solubility: Decomposes (NTP, 1992)
Boiling point 197.2 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 1.210 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit 2.5 - 27 %(V)
Flash point 72 °C
Ignition temperature 600 °C
Melting Point -0.6 °C
pH value 2 (1 g/l, H₂O)
Vapor pressure 0.5 hPa (20 °C)


SYNONYMS OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
BENZOYL CHLORIDE
98-88-4
Benzoic acid, chloride
Benzenecarbonyl chloride
Benzoylchloride
alpha-Chlorobenzaldehyde
benzoic acid chloride
Benzaldehyde, alpha-chloro-
CCRIS 802
HSDB 383
EINECS 202-710-8
UNII-VTY8706W36
BRN 0471389
DTXSID9026631
CHEBI:82275
BenzoylChloride-13C7
VTY8706W36
benzoyl-carbonyl-13c chloride
Benzaldehyde, .alpha.-chloro-
DTXCID106631
EC 202-710-8
4-09-00-00721 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
benzoylchlorid
Cloruro de benzoilo
Benzoyl chloride, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
UN1736
benzoyl chlorid
benzoyl choride
bezoyl chloride
benzoic chloride
BzCl
benzoyl chloride-
PhCOCl
Bz-Cl
MFCD00000653
Benzoyl chloride [UN1736] [Corrosive]
.alpha.-Chlorobenzaldehyde
Benzaldehyde, |A-chloro-
SCHEMBL1241
BENZOIC ACID,CHLORIDE
BENZOYL CHLORIDE [MI]
Benzoyl Chloride, ACS reagent
Benzoylchloride, ACS Reagent,
BENZOYL CHLORIDE [HSDB]
BENZOYL CHLORIDE [INCI]
CHEMBL2260719
Benzoyl chloride, AR, >=99%
Benzoyl chloride, LR, >=99%
CS-B1785
Tox21_200431
STL264120
Benzoyl chloride, ACS reagent, 99%
AKOS000121308
UN 1736
CAS-98-88-4
Benzoyl chloride, purum, >=99% (GC)
Benzoyl chloride, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00248610-01
NCGC00257985-01
Benzoyl chloride, p.a., 98-100.5%
PS-10801
B0105
DIBENZOYL CHLORIDE (BENZOYL CHLORIDE)
FT-0622741
FT-0639824
Benzoyl chloride, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
C19168
A845919
Q412825
InChI=1/C7H5ClO/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5

Benzoyl chloride is an organochlorine useful for the production of peroxides
Benzoyl chloride, also known as benzenecarbonyl chloride, is an organochlorine compound with the formula C6H5COCl.


CAS Number: 98-88-4
EC Number: 202-710-8
MDL number: MFCD00000653
Linear Formula: C6H5COCl
Chemical formula: C7H5ClO



Benzoic acid chloride, alpha-chlorobenzaldehyde, BENZOYL CHLORIDE, 98-88-4, Benzoic acid, chloride, Benzenecarbonyl chloride, Benzoylchloride, alpha-Chlorobenzaldehyde, benzoic acid chloride, Benzaldehyde, alpha-chloro-, CCRIS 802, HSDB 383, EINECS 202-710-8, UNII-VTY8706W36, BRN 0471389, DTXSID9026631, CHEBI:82275, BenzoylChloride-13C7, VTY8706W36, benzoyl-carbonyl-13c chloride, Benzaldehyde, .alpha.-chloro-, DTXCID106631, EC 202-710-8, 4-09-00-00721 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Benzoylchlorid, Cloruro de benzoilo, Benzoyl chloride, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, UN1736, benzoyl chlorid, benzoyl choride, bezoyl chloride, benzoic chloride, BzCl, benzoyl chloride-, PhCOCl, Bz-Cl, MFCD00000653, Benzoyl chloride, .alpha.-Chlorobenzaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, |A-chloro-, SCHEMBL1241, BENZOIC ACID,CHLORIDE, BENZOYL CHLORIDE [MI], Benzoyl Chloride, ACS reagent, Benzoylchloride, ACS Reagent, BENZOYL CHLORIDE [HSDB], BENZOYL CHLORIDE [INCI], CHEMBL2260719, Benzoyl chloride, AR, >=99%, Benzoyl chloride, LR, >=99%, CS-B1785, Tox21_200431, Benzoyl chloride, ACS reagent, 99%, AKOS000121308, UN 1736, CAS-98-88-4, Benzoyl chloride, purum, >=99% (GC), Benzoyl chloride, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, NCGC00248610-01, NCGC00257985-01, Benzoyl chloride, p.a., 98-100.5%, PS-10801, B0105, DIBENZOYL CHLORIDE (BENZOYL CHLORIDE), FT-0622741, FT-0639824, Benzoyl chloride, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%, C19168, A845919, Q412825, InChI=1/C7H5ClO/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5, Benzaldehyde, α-chloro-, Benzenecarbonyl chloride, Benzoic acid, chloride, α-Chlorobenzaldehyde, UN 1736, benzenecarbonyl chloride, α-chlorobenzaldehyde, benzoic acid chloride, α-chlorobenzaldehyde, benzenecarbonyl chloride, benzoic acid chloride



Benzoyl chloride is a colourless liquid with a sharp irritating odour.
Benzoyl chloride is an industrial chemical used to produce dyes, pharmaceuticals and perfumes
Benzoyl chloride is a colourless, fuming liquid with an irritating odour.


Benzoyl chloride appears as an odourless, flaring liquid.
Benzoyl chloride is one type of acyl halide compound and is mainly used to make peroxides.
Benzoyl chloride serves as a crucial chemical building block in the production of various compounds, medicines, dyes, fragrances, and herbicides.


Benzoyl chloride belongs to the benzenes and is an acyl chloride.
Benzoyl chloride is similar to benzoic acid in terms of function.
Although generally useful in other fields, such as the manufacturing of colours, perfumes, medicines, and resins, Benzoyl chloride is most useful for the production of peroxides.


Benzoyl chloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Benzoyl chloride, also known as benzenecarbonyl chloride, is an organochlorine compound with the formula C7H5ClO.


Benzoyl chloride is a colourless, fuming liquid with an irritating odour, and consists of a benzene ring (C6H6) with an acyl chloride (−C(=O)Cl) substituent.
Benzoyl chloride is mainly useful for the production of peroxides but is generally useful in other areas such as in the preparation of dyes, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, and resins.


Benzoyl chloride is an organochlorine useful for the production of peroxides.
Benzoyl chloride appears as a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor.
Flash point of Benzoyl chloride is 162 °F.


Density of Benzoyl chloride is 10.2 lb / gal.
Benzoyl chloride is an acyl chloride consisting of benzene in which a hydrogen is replaced by an acyl chloride group.
Benzoyl chloride is an important chemical intermediate for the manufacture of other chemicals, dyes, perfumes, herbicides and pharmaceuticals.


Benzoyl chloride has a role as a carcinogenic agent.
Benzoyl chloride is an acyl chloride and a member of benzenes.
Benzoyl chloride is functionally related to a benzoic acid.


Benzoyl chloride is also known as benzene carbonyl chloride.
The chemical formula of benzoyl chloride is C7H5ClO.
Benzoyl chloride is a colourless liquid, boiling point 198°,fuming in moist air.


Benzoyl chloride has a pungent odour and its vapour causes profuse watering of eyes and nose.
Benzoyl chloride is practically insoluble in water.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Benzoyl chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Benzoyl chloride is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and health services.


Other release to the environment of Benzoyl chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Benzoyl chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and pH regulators and water treatment products.


Benzoyl chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Benzoyl chloride is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and health services.
Benzoyl chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.


Release to the environment of Benzoyl chloride can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Other release to the environment of Benzoyl chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).


Benzoyl chloride is used certain dyes are produced using benzyl chloride as a chemical intermediary.
Benzoyl chloride is used in photographic development, benzoyl chloride is utilised.
Benzoyl chloride is used in the benzoylation process, benzoyl chloride is used to reduce the hydrophobicity.


Benzoyl chloride is used in making perfumes.
In order to make peroxides, benzoyl chloride is primarily used.
Benzoyl chloride is used in the production of peroxides or the production of perfumes, pharmaceuticals and resins.


Benzoyl chloride is used for the synthesis of peroxides.
Benzoyl chloride is employed in the production of dyes and perfumes.
Benzoyl chloride also serves in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and resins.


Benzoyl chloride is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Benzoyl chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Benzoyl chloride is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and health services.


Other release to the environment of Benzoyl chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Release to the environment of Benzoyl chloride can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Benzoyl chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Benzoyl chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Benzoyl chloride is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and health services.


Benzoyl chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.


Other release to the environment of Benzoyl chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Benzoyl chloride is also employed in the synthesis of diverse organic compounds, including polymers, dyes, and heterocyclic compounds like pyridines and quinolines.


It is instrumental in the synthesis of hydroxy-substituted benzoyl chloride acids.
Depending on the reaction conditions, benzoyl chloride undergoes various transformations.
Benzoyl chloride readily reacts with amines to yield amides, with alcohols to form esters, and with phenols to generate aryl esters.


Furthermore, Benzoyl chloride can engage in reactions with carboxylic acids to produce acyl chlorides, and with thiols to generate thioesters.
Benzoyl chloride is widely utilized for the synthesis of peroxides.
Benzoyl chloride is employed in the production of dyes and perfumes.


Benzoyl chloride also serves in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and resins.
Benzoyl chloride is widely utilized for the synthesis of peroxides.
Benzoyl chloride is employed in the production of dyes and perfumes.


Benzoyl chloride also serves in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and resins.
Benzoyl chloride is used in medicine and in the manufacture of other chemicals.
Benzoyl chloride is used in tear gases to disperse mobs.


Benzoyl chloride is mainly useful for the production of peroxides.
Benzoyl chloride is also useful for preparation of dyes, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, and resins.
Benzoyl chloride is also used in photography and artificial tannin production.



PREPARATION OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl Chloride is prepared most conveniently in the laboratory by distilling benzoic acid with phosphorus pentachloride or with thionyl chloride.
C6H5COOH + PCI5 → C6H5COCl + POCl3 + HCI
C6H5COOH + SOCl2 → C6H5COCl + SO2 + HCI

Benzoyl chloride is also produced by the action of carbonyl chloride on benzene in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride (Friedel Crafts reaction).
C6H6 + ClCOCl → C6H5COCl + HCI
Benzoyl Chloride is made commercially by chlorination of boiling benzaldehyde.
C6H5CHO + Cl2 → C6H5COCl + HCI



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride is slowly hydrolysed by hot water to form benzoic acid.
C6H5COCl + H2O → C6H5COOH + HCI

Benzoyl chloride reacts with alcohol and phenol to form esters.
C6H5COCl + C2H5OH → C6H5COOC2H5 + HCI
C6H5COCl + C6H5OH → C6H5COOC6H5 + HCI

Benzoyl chloride undergoes Friedel Craft acylation in presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride.
Benzoyl chloride reacts with benzene formed benzophenone.
C6H5COCl + C6H6 → C6H5COC6H5 + HCI



FORMULA AND STRUCTURE OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
The chemical formula of benzoyl chloride is C7H5ClO
An acyl chloride called benzoyl chloride is made up of benzene with an acyl chloride group in place of the hydrogen atom.



REACTIONS OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Some important Benzoyl chloride reactions include
1.
N-phenyl benzamide is the main product and HCl is a byproduct of the reaction between aniline and benzoyl chloride.
Lone pair of N atoms attack the benzoyl chloride’s acidic carbon.
2.
In the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride, benzoyl chloride undergoes Friedel Craft acylation.
When combined with benzene, Benzoyl chloride produces benzophenone.
Benzoyl chloride undergoes Friedel Craft acylation
3.
Benzamide is produced when benzoyl chloride reacts with excess ammonia.
Benzoyl chloride reacts with excess ammonia



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride has a strong pungent smell and is a light shade of yellow.
Benzoyl chloride appears as a colorless fuming liquid.
The melting point of benzoyl chloride is -1°C.

Benzoyl chloride's boiling point is 197.2°C.
Benzoyl chloride's density is 1.211g/cm3
Benzoyl chloride is soluble in benzene, ether, chloroform, and carbon disulfide.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride interacts with alcohol to produce the appropriate esters.
C6H5COCl+C2H5OH⟶C6H5COOC2H5+HCl

Hot water and benzoyl chloride combine to form benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid.
C6H5COCl+H2O⟶C6H5CO2H+HCl

N-Ethyl benzamide is formed when benzoyl chloride and ethylamine combine.
C6H5COCl+C2H5NH2⟶C6H5CONHC2H5+HCl



SOLUBILITY OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride is miscible with water, ether, benzene, carbon disulfide and carbon tetra chloride.
Benzoyl chloride isincompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases and alcohols.



OVERVIEW OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Organochlorine Compound:
The most important application of benzoyl chloride is the production of benzoyl peroxide, that is commonly used for skin treatment, as an initiator in the polymer industry and to bleach wheat and rice.
Benzoyl Chloride is an organochlorine compound that is colorless with an unpleasant scent.



PREPARATION OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride is produced from benzotrichloride using either water or benzoic acid:
C6H5CCl3 + H2O → C6H5COCl + 2 HCl
C6H5CCl3 + C6H5CO2H → 2 C6H5COCl + HCl

As with other acyl chlorides, Benzoyl chloride can be generated from the parent acid and standard chlorinating agents such as phosphorus pentachloride, thionyl chloride, and oxalyl chloride.
Benzoyl chloride was first prepared by treatment of benzaldehyde with chlorine.
An early method for production of benzoyl chloride involved chlorination of benzyl alcohol.



REACTIONS OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Benzoyl chloride reacts with water to produce hydrochloric acid and benzoic acid:
C6H5COCl + H2O → C6H5COOH + HCl
Benzoyl chloride is a typical acyl chloride.

Benzoyl chloride reacts with alcohols to give the corresponding esters.
Similarly, Benzoyl chloride reacts with amines to give the amide.
Benzoyl chloride undergoes the Friedel-Crafts acylation with aromatic compounds to give the corresponding benzophenones and related derivatives.

With carbanions, Benzoyl chloride serves again as a source of the benzoyl cation synthon, C6H5CO+.
Benzoyl peroxide, a common reagent in polymer chemistry, is produced industrially by treating benzoyl chloride with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide:
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
Chemical formula: C7H5ClO
Molar mass:140.57 g·mol−1
Appearance:colorless liquid
Odor: Benzaldehyde like but more pungent
Density: 1.21 g/mL, liquid
Melting point: −1 °C (30 °F; 272 K)
Boiling point: 197.2 °C (387.0 °F; 470.3 K)
Solubility in water: reacts, forms hydrogen chloride on contact with water
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -75.8·10−6 cm3/mol
Molecular Weight: 140.56 g/mol
XLogP3: 2.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 140.0028925 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass: 140.0028925 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 17.1Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 106
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS number: 98-88-4
EC index number: 607-012-00-0
EC number: 202-710-8

Hill Formula: C₇H₅Cl O
Chemical formula: C₆H₅COCl
Molar Mass: 140.57 g/mol
HS Code: 2916 32 00
Boiling point: 197.2 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.210 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 2.5 - 27 %(V)
Flash point: 72 °C
Ignition temperature: 600 °C
Melting Point: -0.6 °C
pH value: 2 (1 g/l, H₂O)
Vapor pressure: 0.5 hPa (20 °C)
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: pungent

Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -1 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 198 °C
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 27 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 2,5 %(V)
Flash point: 72 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 600 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 2 at 1 g/l(External MSDS)

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 2 g/l
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa at 32 °C
Density: 1,211 g/mL at 25 °C
Relative density: 1,21 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: 4,85 - (Air = 1.0)
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available

Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Relative vapor 4,85 - (Air = 1.0)
Chemical Formula: C7H5ClO
Molar Mass/ Molecular Weight: 140.57 grams/mol
Density: 1.21grams/cm3
Melting Point: −1 °C (272 K)
Boiling Point: 197.2 °C (470.3 K)
Appearance: colourless liquid
Boiling point: 387°F
Molecular weight: 140.57
Freezing point/melting point: 30.2°F

Vapor pressure: 0.4 mmHg
Flash point: 162°F
Vapor density: 4.88
Specific gravity: 1.211
Ionization potential:
Lower explosive limit (LEL): 1.2%
Upper explosive limit (UEL): 4.9%
NFPA health rating: 3
NFPA fire rating: 2
NFPA reactivity rating: 2
Boiling Point/Range: 197 °C (1.013 hPa)
Color: Colorless to Yellowish
Density: 1.21 g/cm3 (20 °C)

Flashpoint: 93 °C
Form: Liquid
Grade: Chemical Synthesis
Incompatible Materials: Metals, Strong bases, Water, Alcohols, Amines
Lower Explosion Limit: 2.5 %(V)
Melting Point/Range: -1 °C
Partition Coefficient: No data available
Purity Percentage: 99.00
Purity Details: >=99.00%
Solubility in Water: Decomposes in contact with water.
Upper Explosion Limit: 27 %(V)
Vapor Pressure: 0.84 hPa (25 °C)
Viscosity: No data available
pH-Value: No data available
Product Line: Purum
Storage Temperature: Ambient



FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
*Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
-Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
Foam Water
-Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,65 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
Acid-resistant protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Store under inert gas.
Moisture sensitive.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZOYL CHLORIDE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

Benzenemethanol; Phenylcarbinol; Phenylmethyl alcohol; Phenylmethanol; alpha-Hydroxytoluene; Benzoyl alcohol; Hydroxytoluene; Benzenecarbinol; alpha-toluenol; (hydroxymethyl)benzene; A-HYDROXYTOLUENE; ALCOHOL BENZYLICUS; ALPHA-HYDROXYTOLUENE; alpha-toluenol; BENZENECARBINOL; BENZENEMETHANOL; BENZYL ALCOHOL; FEMA 2137; PHENYLCARBINOL; PHENYLMETHANOL; PHENYLMETHYL ALCOHOL; RARECHEM AL BD 0531; (Hydroxymethyl)benzene; alcoolbenzylique; Bentalol; benzalalcohol; Benzalcohol; Benzenemethan-lo; benzenmethanol; Benzoyl alcohol CAS NO:100-51-6

Benzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).


CAS Number: 94-36-0
Molecular Formula: C14H10O4



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Benzoyl peroxide is a medication that comes as a skin cream, gel or lotion.
Benzoyl peroxide treats mild to moderate acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is a well-known ingredient for fighting acne.


Available in over-the-counter (OTC) gels, cleansers, and spot treatments, Benzoyl peroxide comes in different concentrations for mild to moderate breakouts.
While benzoyl peroxide can effectively get rid of bacteria and dead skin cells that clog your pores, it has limitations.
Benzoyl peroxide treats acne or rosacea.


Benzoyl peroxide works by decreasing inflammation and killing or preventing the growth of bacteria on your skin.
Benzoyl peroxide belongs to a group of medications called antibiotics.
Benzoyl peroxide may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.


Benzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Benzoyl peroxide is a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.


Benzoyl peroxide is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.
Benzoyl peroxide is one of the most widely-used skincare ingredients for the treatment and management of acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent used for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris and rosacea.


Benzoyl peroxide is a topical acne treatment.
Benzoyl peroxide works as an antiseptic to kill bacteria that cause acne breakouts.
Benzoyl peroxide also fights acne by removing excess oil and dead skin cells.


You can find Benzoyl peroxide in many over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription products marketed for clearer skin.
Benzoyl peroxide formulas include skin cleansers, toners, gels, and creams.
While benzoyl peroxide is very effective on acne, it can also irritate skin and cause dryness and flaking.


Benzoyl peroxide is a topical medication used to treat acne breakouts.
Benzoyl peroxide's found in many different forms, from cleansers, lotions, creams, gels, and toner-like solutions.
Benzoyl peroxide is the gold standard topical ingredient in treating acne.


There is no miracle cure for acne, but Benzoyl Peroxide (BP) is probably the closest thing we have.
But, as usual, big effects come with big side effects, so we think Benzoyl peroxide is best used as a last resort (at least, in the topical treatment field).


The good thing about Benzoyl peroxide is that it is amazingly effective against inflammatory-type acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is not so much against blackheads or whiteheads, but against acne that is caused by the evil bacteria called Propionibacterium acnes (and that is most types of acne).


Apart from being antibacterial, it is also anti-inflammatory, keratolytic and wound-healing, all of which are properties that make Benzoyl peroxide so darn effective against spots.
Another big pro of Benzoyl peroxide is that there is no bacterial resistance to it, meaning if it works once it will continue to work.


Antibiotics are also a common way to treat acne, but antibiotic-resistant P. acnes are increasing worldwide.
Benzoyl peroxide will probably help you even if antibiotics have stopped working, and the two are also often combined for a more complex acne therapy.
Btw, Benzoyl peroxide plays nice not only with antibiotics but also with retinoids.


This skincare Benzoyl peroxide can be helpful for many people with acne-prone skin.
However, there are some instances where your dermatologist may not recommend benzoyl peroxide.
For instance, Benzoyl peroxide may not be suitable for people with very sensitive skin or existing skin conditions, such as eczema or psoriasis.


Benzoyl peroxide is an acne treatment available over the counter, without having to see a doctor or nurse, as well as being available through a prescription from a healthcare professional.
Benzoyl peroxide can be found in products in 2.5% to 10% concentrations and is often available as washes, creams and gels.


However, there is little evidence to suggest that 10% benzoyl peroxide is significantly more effective than 2.5%.
When using of Benzoyl peroxide 10% concentrations there is an increased risk of skin irritation.
If you are not able to find benzoyl peroxide in an over the counter product at your local pharmacy then it may also be available on prescription from your healthcare provider.


Benzoyl peroxide also has bleaching qualities.
Products for hair bleaching and teeth whitening may contain higher concentrations of Benzoyl peroxide.
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a chemical compound that is used as an ingredient in many topical acne treatments, such as cleansers, gels, lotions, and spot treatments.


Benzoyl peroxide has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties and is considered one of the most effective acne treatments found in over-the-counter skincare products.
Benzoyl Peroxide is a chemical compound; each molecule contains two benzoyl groups connected by a peroxide bridge.


Benzoyl peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent and forms an essential industrial chemical.
Benzoyl peroxide is commonly abbreviated as BPO.
Benzoyl peroxide is an antiseptic used to kill bacteria on the surface of the skin.


Benzoyl peroxide is an organic peroxide with oxidising activity, meaning it has the ability to release oxygen on the skin to kill bacteria.
The structure of benzoyl peroxide is similar to hydrogen peroxide, which is commonly used to treat cuts and wounds.
Besides its antimicrobial properties, benzoyl peroxide is anti-inflammatory and can open up clogged pores on the skin.


Benzoyl peroxide is a bactericidal substance, meaning that it kills bacteria.
Propionibacterium acnes is the type of bacteria that is involved in the growth of acne.
Benzoyl peroxide effectively kills this acne causing bacteria and is available as an over-the-counter product in different forms.


Most commonly, Benzoyl peroxide can easily be bought from a specialized dermatology pharmacy as a gel, in a cleanser, or as a spot treatment.
In higher concentrations, Benzoyl peroxide can be found in teeth whitening agents and hair bleaching products because it does have a bleaching quality.
Benzoyl peroxide can even remove dark spots and pimples or acne scars.


The key difference between any benzoyl peroxide product and other topical antibiotics for acne like clindamycin is that our bodies do not build up an antibiotic resistance to the product.
This means benzoyl peroxide can be consistently used to treat acne without the worry that it will lose its effect.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Benzoyl peroxide products are usually used to treat mild to moderate acne.
When used to treat acne, benzoyl peroxide works by reducing the amount of acne-causing bacteria and by causing the skin to dry and peel.
Benzoyl peroxide may help to decrease symptoms caused by rosacea, such as pimples and bumps on the face.


There are many benzoyl peroxide products available.
Some products (such as creams, cleansers, foam, or lotions) may require a prescription.
Benzoyl peroxide is effective for treating acne lesions.


Benzoyl peroxide does not induce antibiotic resistance.
Benzoyl peroxide may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and adapalene/benzoyl peroxide, adapalene being a chemically stable retinoid that can be combined with benzoyl peroxide unlike tezarotene and tretinoin.


Combination products such as benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than benzoyl peroxide alone for the treatment of acne lesions.
The combination tretinoin/benzoyl peroxide was approved for medical use in the United States in 2021.


Benzoyl peroxide for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of benzoyl peroxide are more effective than lower concentrations.


Benzoyl peroxideis mostly found in gel form for use as a spot treatment, but it can also be utilised in liquid washes or creams (often in lower concentrations).
Some body products that directly target breakouts also contain benzoyl peroxide, as do a few exfoliating formulas designed to treat blocked pores.


Benzoyl peroxide is a commonly used drug in topical treatments for acne.
Benzoyl peroxide has been formulated as products with either a single active ingredient, or with erythromycin, clindamycin, or adapalene.
After administration, the peroxide bond is cleaved, allowing benzoyloxy radicals to nonspecifically interact with proteins.


This treatment decreases keratin and sebum around follicles, as well as increasing turnover of epithelial cells.
Benzoyl peroxide, in combination with erythromycin, was granted FDA approval on 26 October 1984.
Benzoyl peroxide can be found in a wide range of topical acne treatments, including acne gels, cleansers, lotions, spot treatments, and more.


Benzoyl peroxide is FDA-approved for the treatment of acne and has been a mainstay in acne products since the 1930s.
Benzoyl peroxide works by minimizing a type of acne-causing bacteria known as P. acnes.
When used as part of a consistent acne routine, benzoyl peroxide can help visibly clear acne and help prevent new acne breakouts from forming.


Benzoyl peroxide also helps promote the shedding of dead skin cells that can lead to clogged pores (and acne breakouts).
Benzoyl peroxide has antibacterial properties and may be an effective topical treatment for acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is available on prescription, over the counter, or in everyday cleansers and other skin care products.


People can find benzoyl peroxide in various skin care products, including gels, creams, and face washes.
People can use benzoyl peroxide topically on the skin to help treat acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is a bactericidal substance, which means that it kills bacteria.


When a person applies it to the skin, benzoyl peroxide works against Propionibacterium acnes, which are the bacteria involved in causing acne.
Unlike topical antibiotic treatments for acne, such as clindamycin, benzoyl peroxide does not lead to antibiotic resistance.
People can find benzoyl peroxide in over-the-counter (OTC) topical treatments or in lower concentrations in supermarket products, such as face and body washes.


Benzoyl peroxide is used to treat mild to moderate acne.
Benzoyl peroxide comes in cleansing liquid or bar, lotion, cream, and gel for use on the skin.
Benzoyl peroxide usually is used one or two times daily.


Start with once daily to see how your skin reacts to this medication.
Follow the directions on the package or on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand.
Use benzoyl peroxide exactly as directed.


Do not use more or less of it or use it more often than directed by your doctor.
Apply a small amount of the benzoyl peroxide product to one or two small areas you want to treat for 3 days when you begin to use this medication for the first time.


If no reaction or discomfort occurs, use the product as directed on the package or on your prescription label.
The cleansing liquid and bar are used to wash the affected area as directed.
To use the lotion, cream, or gel, first wash the affected skin areas and gently pat dry with a towel.


Then apply a small amount of benzoyl Peroxide, rub it in gently.
Benzoyl peroxide is a commonly used topical treatment for mild acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is safe for adults and children and can be used in pregnancy.


Benzoyl peroxide is primarily used to treat acne.
Benzoyl peroxide can be found in a variety of over-the-counter acne-fighting treatments, such as cleansers, lotions, and spot treatments.
Benzoyl peroxide works to reduce both the severity and frequency of acne breakouts.


Benzoyl peroxide is often used in acne cleansers, which are an important first step in any acne skincare regimen.
Benzoyl peroxide is a clinically proven ingredient, widely used as an effective treatment for acne, and prevents it from further entering the terrain of your skin.


Benzoyl peroxide is keratolytic and causes a free radical reaction to break the keratin, unblocking the drainage of sebum to the outside.
Benzoyl peroxide acts as an exfoliant, helping the pores to flush out the excess skin debris and oils.
Benzoyl peroxide has bactericidal properties and helps treat acne by acting as an oxidizing agent on the skin’s surface.


After it is absorbed by the skin, benzoyl peroxide transforms into benzoic acid, 95% of which is absorbed by the body for further excretion through the kidneys.
Cysteine in the skin metabolises the benzoic acid which then oxidises the bacterial proteins.


Thus benzoic acid helps reduce acne vulgaris by minimizing the lipids, free fatty acids, and C.acnes.
Essentially, when applied to the affected skin surface, benzoyl peroxide acts as an exfoliating agent and destroys bacteria too.
Benzoyl peroxide also has anti-inflammatory properties that is able to effectively provide relief for active acne, while its anti-comedogenic properties help to keep pores clean and prevent clogging.


When used to treat acne, benzoyl peroxide works by reducing the amount of acne-causing bacteria and by causing the skin to dry and peel.
Benzoyl peroxide also reduces oil production and can prevent folliculitis (or inflamed hair follicles).
Despite being a popular ingredient in a large variety of acne gels, cleansers, and other acne OTC products, has some shortcomings too.


Benzoyl peroxide is used to treat acne (blackheads, whiteheads, pimples).
Benzoyl peroxide works by it killing the germs (bacteria) that cause acne, and softens and removes outer layers of the skin.
Benzoyl peroxide also reduces redness, soreness and inflammation and it helps to unplug blocked pores.


Benzoyl peroxide is used to treat acne.
Benzoyl peroxide works as an antiseptic to reduce the number of bacteria that cause acne.
Benzoyl peroxide comes as a gel or face wash, gel, cream, or spot treatment.


This powerful anti-acne medication is available over the counter.
Benzoyl peroxide can work to prevent and treat acne by cleansing your pores of bacteria as well as clearing dead skin and sebum (oil) from the affected area.


Benzoyl peroxide is often found in combination topical acne treatments with adapalene or clindamycin.
People who have sensitive skin should consult with their doctor before using products containing benzoyl peroxide.
The most common formulations of Benzoyl peroxide contain 2.5 to 10% benzoyl peroxide.


Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) has been an important component of topical therapy for acne vulagaris for more than five decades due to its ability to markedly reduce Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) and inflammatory acne lesions and its ability to moderately reduce noninflammatory acne lesions.


-Leave-on Treatments of Benzoyl peroxide:
Topical benzoyl peroxide gels and creams are typically more potent. They can be applied directly to individual pimples or used all over.
After washing and drying your skin, apply a thin layer of cream or gel to the desired treatment area.

Allow the treatment to soak in for several minutes.
If the medication is still visible after 30 minutes, you can gently wipe off the excess with a damp cloth (if desired).
Apply sunscreen before going out in the sun.
Leave-on spot treatments can be used one to three times a day.


-Benzoyl peroxide for acne scars:
Acne scars are sometimes a result of an acne outbreak.
This is especially the case with inflammatory acne, even if you successfully resist the urge to pick at the lesions.
Acne scars can worsen with sun exposure, so it’s important to wear sunscreen every day.
In theory, benzoyl peroxide could also help shed dead skin cells and make the scars less prominent.



USES OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE FOR SKIN:
1. Benzoyl Peroxide For Acne
Benzoyl peroxide is a topical medication for acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is found in cleansers, lotions, gels, creams and toners.

Benzoyl peroxide is an OTC (over-the-counter) treatment, but is also available in prescription strength.
Benzoyl peroxide treatment works well for mild acne, while prescription strength benzoyl peroxide works for moderate acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is one of the active ingredients in many combination prescription treatments for acne like BenzaClin, Benzamycin, Acanya, Duac, Epiduo, etc.

2. Benzoyl Peroxide For Dark Spots Or Scars
Inflammatory acne like papules, pustules, nodules and cystic acne leave scars or dark spots on the skin.
No matter how much you resist the urge to pick at them, Benzoyl peroxide is common to see dark spots or scars post acne.

Some skin care experts opine that benzoyl peroxide can shed dead skin cells and make the dark spots or scars seem less prominent.
However, benzoyl peroxide’s function as an exfoliant is not scientifically proven.

3. Benzoyl Peroxide For Warts
Warts are small, flat or round bumps that appear on the face, legs and back of hands.
Benzoyl peroxide is prescribed for warts as it can irritate the skin and cause the skin to peel, resulting in removal of warts.
5% benzoyl peroxide is usually recommended by your dermatologist which is available as an OTC treatment.

4. Benzoyl Peroxide For Scalp

5. Benzoyl Peroxide For Boils
Boils are caused by bacteria and inflamed follicles.
Benzoyl peroxide can be used to treat boils as it can kill the pathogenic bacteria when applied topically.

6. Benzoyl Peroxide For Rosacea
Benzoyl peroxide can be used to treat rosacea but is not approved by FDA for the treatment of rosacea.
Rosacea is a skin condition that causes visible blood vessels on the skin.

Benzoyl peroxide may irritate the skin in patients with rosacea.
So consult your dermatologist before you begin the treatment.

7. Benzoyl Peroxide For Skin Whitening
Benzoyl peroxide is a bleaching agent and can turn the skin whiter.
While you are using topical benzoyl peroxide, you may notice your skin turning one shade lighter after prolonged use.
It is for this reason that benzoyl peroxide is not advised for scalp acne, as it can turn the hair white.

8. Can Benzoyl Peroxide Be Used For Milia
Milia or milk spots are keratin-filled spots that appear on the face.
Benzoyl peroxide is not an effective treatment for milia.



5 USES FOR BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Products that use benzoyl peroxide are typically used to treat the following conditions.
1. Treating inflammatory acne:
Benzoyl peroxide is the preferred over-the-counter treatment for inflammatory acne, characterized by redness, pus-filled bumps, and blemishes.

2. Treating bodily acne:
Body washes and shower gels containing benzoyl peroxide are often used to treat acne on the back, neck, and other parts of the body.

3. Treating blackheads and whiteheads:
Benzoyl peroxide is occasionally used to help clear dead skin cells and oil that can cause breakouts of blackheads or whiteheads, but retinoids are considered a more effective treatment.

4. Treating acne scars:
Inflammatory acne can often leave red, dry scars.
Benzoyl peroxide may assist in clearing dead skin cells from scarred areas, but a better treatment is to regularly use sunscreen to avoid sun damage to acne scars.

5. Treating cystic acne:
Cystic acne is a serious kind of acne characterized by large bumps under the skin with no discernible head.
Benzoyl peroxide can be used to treat cystic acne in combination with other medications and with the consultation of a dermatologist.



BENEFITS OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
*Ease out inflammation
*Reduces all inflammatory acne such as pustules, papules, cysts, and nodules
*Prevents future breakout
*Unclog pores and smoothen skin texture
*Prevents acne scars and dark spots
*Some skincare experts opine that Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) can shed dead skin cells and make the dark spots or acne scars seem less prominent (Yet, it requires more amount of research to prove the above claims.
Benzoyl peroxide can play an active role in sweeping out the dead skin cells and excess oils from the pores.



TYPE OF INGREDIENT OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
*Anti-bacterial


MAIN BENEFITS OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Benzoyl peroxide reduces acne-causing bacteria


WHO SHOULD USE BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
In general, benzoyl peroxide is suitable for those looking to treat mild to moderate acne at home.


HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Benzoyl peroxide shouldn't be used more than twice per day, at most.


BENZOYL PEROXIDE WORKS WELL WITH:
Benzoyl peroxide works well in combination with salicyclic acid to treat acne.


BENZOYL PEROXIDE DON'T USE WITH:
Don't use multiple benzoyl peroxide products at once.
Benzoyl peroxide may also reduce the efficacy of vitamin C products when used as part of the same routine.



BENEFITS OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
*Kills acne-causing bacteria:
Benzoyl peroxide treats breakouts by killing the bacteria that causes acne.

*Removes excess oil:
If excess shine is a concern for you, you may benefit from a benzoyl peroxide cleanser, which some have claimed has a mattifying effect on the skin.

*Removes dead skin cells:
Benzoyl peroxide may help improve the efficacy of other products by reducing the buildup of dead skin cells.
Benzoyl peroxide allows for your serums and moisturizers to more easily penetrate.



HOW TO APPLY BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Washes can be used once or two times a day.
Leave on the skin for 30 seconds before rinsing thoroughly.
Apply gels and creams as a thin layer once daily.

At the start, for the first 3 days when you begin treatment, apply the the cream or gel for a short time (about 2 hours), then wash it off.
If you tolerate this, with no irritation, then apply once daily, at night, and leave on the skin overnight, washing it off in the morning.
Some people may tolerate twice daily applications.

Make sure the skin is clean and dry before applying.
It can be used on the face as well as the chest and back.
As you apply benzoyl peroxide, try to avoid getting it on the sensitive areas of your skin in or around your nostrils, your eyes and your mouth.

Do not apply it to any areas of skin that are irritated or sore.
If your skin peels or becomes very dry, use an oil-free moisturiser.
Acne responds very slowly to treatment, so it may take several weeks to months to notice improvement.



WHAT DOES BENZOYL PEROXIDE DO FOR YOUR SKIN?
Benzoyl peroxide has been an ingredient in skincare products for many years.
Benzoyl peroxide's primary role is to kill bacteria.
When applied to your skin, benzoyl peroxide also works as a drying agent.
This causes your skin to dry and peel, removing dead skin cells from your pores.



BENZOYL PEROXIDE MAY BE FOUND IN THE FOLLOWING ACNE TREATMENT PRODUCTS:
*acne creams and lotions: typically applied once or twice a day on the entire area of skin as both a treatment and preventive measure
*face washes and foams: used once or twice a day to help prevent acne and treat existing lesions
*acne body washes and soaps: ideal if you have frequent breakouts on the chest, back, and other areas of the body
*gels: tend to come in the form of spot treatments with higher concentrations and are typically applied only to the affected area



HOW DOES BENZOYL PEROXIDE WORK?
Benzoyl peroxide works by counteracting the inflammation triggers that are released into the skin by bacteria.
Benzoyl peroxide also kills a certain type of bacteria called P. acnes, which is the main bacteria that is associated with acne.
In addition, benzoyl peroxide also helps to reduce acne-causing oil production by the sebaceous glands in your skin.



BENZOYL PEROXIDE MASKS:
Acne masks containing benzoyl peroxide should not be used more than once a week unless otherwise instructed by a dermatologist.
Start by washing your face with a non-medicated cleanser, then pat dry.
Apply the mask evenly over the area you want to treat.
Leave the treatment on for 15 to 20 minutes (or according to package directions).
Wash off using warm water.



BENZOYL PEROXIDE HAS THE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES:
*Antiseptic uses of Benzoyl peroxide:
Benzoyl peroxide reduces the number of skin surface bacteria (but it does not cause bacterial resistance and in fact can reduce bacterial resistance if this has arisen from antibiotic therapy).
Benzoyl peroxide also reduces the number of yeasts on the skin surface.

*Oxidizing agent:
This makes Benzoyl peroxide keratolytic and comedolytic (it reduces the number of comedones).

*Benzoyl peroxide has anti-inflammatory action.
Benzoyl peroxide is available as cream, gel, lotion and washes at concentrations of 2.5 %, 5 % and 10 %.
Benzoyl peroxide may be combined with other topical or oral therapy.
Benzoyl peroxide is especially valuable in combination with topical or oral antibiotics as it may reduce the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.



WHAT TYPES OF ACNE DOES BENZOYL PEROXIDE TREAT?
Benzoyl peroxide topical acne treatment can be used to treat any type of acne, but it is most effective on inflammatory acne, called acne vulgaris.
Benzoyl peroxide can also be used for whiteheads, blackheads, and cystic acne, but it should be used in combination with other medications for these types of acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is most effective with inflammatory acne because it kills the bacteria in and underneath the breakout that is causing the inflammation.

Symptoms of inflammatory acne are:
*Swelling
*Redness
*Clogged, pus-filled pores.
*Oily acne spots



HOW SHOULD BENZOYL PEROXIDE BE USED:
When starting to use benzoyl peroxide to treat acne, start off slowly.
Only use the product once every other day to slowly introduce the product to your skin and not cause a negative reaction.
Benzoyl peroxide will also make you more sensitive to the sun, so be sure to apply sunscreen right after.



HOW TO USE BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Benzoyl peroxide comes in the form of many acne treatment products.
Benzoyl peroxide’s important to select the right one for your skin care concern as well as preference.

What concentration to use also depends on where you apply the benzoyl peroxide.
The face is rather sensitive, so many choose to use a lower concentration (around 4 percent) in that area, while the chest and back are more resilient and can tolerate a higher concentration.



HOW DO YOU USE BENZOYL PEROXIDE ON YOUR FACE?
Benzoyl peroxide can be used in the concentrations of 2.5 - 10 % [6].
Note:
Consult your doctor before using benzoyl peroxide if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

1. Benzoyl Peroxide Face Washes And Cleansers
Pick about 4% concentration of benzoyl peroxide and increase upto 10% based on how well your skin takes it.

How To Use:
Wet your face and gently massage the cleanser in circular motions.
Rinse thoroughly with water after a minute or two.
Pat dry with a clean and soft towel.


2. Benzoyl Peroxide Acne Creams, Gels And Spot Treatments
Choose a milder concentration like 2.5% and go upto 5% as these are leave-on products.

How To Use:
Cleanse your face with a mild cleanser and pat dry.
Apply benzoyl peroxide cream or gel either on affected areas or the whole face.
Use the gel or cream in your morning and night skin care routines.



BENZOYL PEROXIDE GEL VS CREAM: WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?
There is a lot of choice when it come to Benzoyl peroxide.
Whilst it actually comes in a range of preparations such as gels, creams, cleansers and lotions, the two most popular forms are gels and creams.

Both Benzoyl peroxide gels and creams deliver the same benefits.
The primary difference lies in their preparation and which one you use depends on your skin type and what you prefer as an individual.
Whichever type of product you choose, remember to patch test it first and start with lower strengths to figure out your skin’s tolerance level.

Gels are usually lightweight, get absorbed fast and leave a matte finish.
This makes them ideal for oily or combination skin types but they can be drying.
As such, they’re ideal if you only need to use Benzoyl peroxide gel as a spot treatment for a small area.

Benzoyl peroxide cream and lotions, on the other hand, are usually more hydrating and may be better suited for dry or sensitive skin.
They’re also best if you need to use them on a wider area such as the entire face and/or neck or treatment area or if you are using them for preventative measures.

Cleansers and body washes containing Benzoyl peroxide are great for regular daily use and when a large area needs to be covered.
They are also great for moderate to severe acute breakouts, prevention or to maintain results.



HOW TO USE BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Using Benzoyl Peroxide is straight forward and you can easily add it into any routine.
It’s however important to introduce it into your skincare routine carefully to get the best out of it and minimise the risk of irritation.
Before fully adding Benzoyl peroxide into your routine, conduct a patch test first.

Do this by using a small amount of the product on an easily visible area like your collar bone or your forearm.
Monitor for 24 hours and check for itching, redness, bumps or any other signs of allergy.
If you notice any signs of allergic reaction, wash off the product and seek medical help immediately.



BENZOYL PEROXIDE COMES IN DIFFERENT PERCENTAGE AMOUNTS:
For 5% benzoyl peroxide gel, people can follow these steps:
*Wash the skin with a mild cleanser and water.
*Gently pat the skin dry.
*Apply a thin layer of the gel to the acne-affected area of skin.



TO USE A 5% BENZOYL PEROXIDE WASH, PEOPLE CAN FOLLOW THESE STEPS:
*Wet the areas of acne-affected skin.
*Smooth a small amount of the product over the skin with the hands.
*Keep the wash on the skin for no longer than 1–2 minutes.
*Rinse the wash off thoroughly with water, and gently pat dry.
*Repeat these steps once or twice per day.
*It is important to note that products with 5% benzoyl peroxide may take up to 4 weeks to start working.



HOW TO USE BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
A person may want to start using benzoyl peroxide gradually, to see how it affects their skin.
If the skin becomes overly dry or begins to peel, it may be best to use benzoyl peroxide less frequently.
As a general rule, people can use benzoyl peroxide once every 1–2 days until the skin becomes used to it.

It is important to wash the hands before and after using benzoyl peroxide.
This can prevent the transfer of bacteria from the hands to the face or to other surfaces.
It is best to avoid direct sunlight while using benzoyl peroxide treatments.
In fact, people may find that the best time to apply benzoyl peroxide is before bed.



PRODUCTS THAT CONTAIN BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Many different products contain benzoyl peroxide.
People can buy these products in the form of:
*face washes
*body washes
*creams or ointments
*gels

Some products combine benzoyl peroxide with other ingredients, which could make it more effective in treating certain types of acne.
Benzoyl peroxide products may also contain potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate, which can kill microorganisms on the skin.
Other benzoyl peroxide products are prescription-only and may contain antibiotics or retinoids.



WHAT DOES BENZOYL PEROXIDE DO TO YOUR SKIN?
Benzoyl Peroxide is an organic compound that has been a staple in the skincare world for many decades due to its potent antibacterial and exfoliating properties.
Benzoyl peroxide’s a regular star ingredient in various over the counter and prescription acne treatments and comes in a variety of forms including gels, creams, cleansers and lotions.



THIS IS HOW BENZOYL PEROXIDE TREATS ACNE:
As you may already know, acne is mainly caused by the over production of sebum, a buildup of dead skin cells and the presence of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria.
Benzoyl peroxide directly addresses two of these issues. It can kill bacteria and can break down dead skin cells.
This makes it a valuable weapon against acne.

P. acnes bacteria can’t survive in an oxygen rich environment.
Benzoyl peroxide works by introducing oxygen into the pores, thereby killing this acne-causing bacteria.
Benzoyl peroxide is also keratolytic which means it can loosen dead skin cells.

This further helps to clear up blocked pores.
Benzoyl peroxide can work on all types of acne lesion.
Benzoyl peroxide can clear up comedones like blackheads and whiteheads by breaking down the blockages of dead skin cells.

In the case of inflammatory acne where there are inflamed pustules and papules, the antibacterial action of Benzoyl peroxide targets the bacteria causing the inflammation and hence suppresses the inflammatory response driving the lesions.
Whilst cystic acne is far more complex and difficult to treat,

For more severe forms of acne like nodules and cysts, Benzoyl peroxide can be used in combination with other treatments like oral antibiotics, oral retinoids or topical retinoids like Tretinoin for a more robust treatment approach.



WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BENZOYL PEROXIDE AND SALICYLIC ACID?
Salicylic acid is another common ingredient that is found in over-the-counter (OTC) skincare products used to treat mild acne.
Here is an overview of some of the differences between benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid.

*They target different acne problems.
Salicylic acid is typically used to treat blackheads and whiteheads, more so than benzoyl peroxide.
Benzoyl peroxide is typically used to treat pustules found in inflammatory acne.

*Benzoyl peroxide is stronger.
Salicylic acid is not as drying as benzoyl peroxide, making it easier for people with sensitive skin to use.

*They have different side effects.
There are common side effects to both salicylic acid and benzoyl peroxide.
Possible side effects of salicylic acid can include dryness, hives, itching or peeling skin, and stinging or tingling.



HOW TO USE BENZOYL PEROXIDE PRODUCTS:
*Make sure the skin is clean and dry before applying
*Apply a thin smear to areas of skin affected by acne, initially every second night, then build up to once or twice daily as tolerated
*Benzoyl peroxide can be used on the face as well as the trunk



WHAT IS BENZOYL PEROXIDE TOPICAL?
Benzoyl peroxide has an antibacterial effect.
Benzoyl peroxide also has a mild drying effect, which allows excess oils and dirt to be easily washed away from the skin.

Benzoyl peroxide topical (for the skin) is used to treat acne.
There are many brands and forms of benzoyl peroxide available.

Benzoyl peroxide topical may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Benzoyl peroxide is an affordable medication that works well to clear up acne.
Benzoyl peroxide's available over-the-counter and comes in many different forms, but it's not a good option for people with sensitive skin.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Classically, benzoyl peroxide is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.
In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.

Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.

The free-radical reaction of benzoyl peroxide can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
Benzoyl peroxide can cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making it bactericidal, and it was thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.

Some evidence suggests that benzoyl peroxide has an anti-inflammatory effect as well.
In micromolar concentrations it prevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne



IS BENZOYL PEROXIDE GOOD FOR ACNE?
Benzoyl peroxide works to treat and prevent acne by killing bacteria underneath the skin, as well as helping the pores shed dead skin cells and excess sebum (oil).

*Benzoyl peroxide for pimples
Benzoyl peroxide works particularly well for inflammatory acne, which is characterized by red bumps that contain pus — pustules, papules, cysts, and nodules — instead of whiteheads and blackheads.

*Benzoyl peroxide for cystic acne
Cystic acne is considered the most serious form of acne, which also makes Benzoyl peroxide the most difficult to treat.
Benzoyl peroxide’s characterized by hard bumps below the surface of your skin.

While these pimples may have pus deep inside them, Benzoyl peroxide’s difficult to identify any prominent “heads.”
P. acnes bacteria is one contributor to cystic acne, which benzoyl peroxide may help treat in combination with prescription medications.
If you have this type of acne, consult a dermatologist for your best treatment options.

*Benzoyl peroxide for blackheads and whiteheads
Blackheads and whiteheads are still considered acne.
However, they are classified as noninflammatory because they don’t cause the red bumps that are associated with other types of acne pimples.

You may be dealing with both of these types of acne and might be wondering if you can use benzoyl peroxide for noninflammatory spots too.
While benzoyl peroxide can help treat oil and dead skill cells that clog your pores, this may not be the best treatment option available for blackheads and whiteheads.



HISTORY OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Benzoyl peroxide was first prepared and described by Liebig in 1858.

Structure and reactivity
The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide, a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2
Benzoyl peroxide is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.

2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O
The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, benzoyl peroxide readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:

(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2
The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.

The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of benzoyl peroxide is one hour at 92 °C.
At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.

In 1901, J. H. Kastle and his graduate student A. S. Loevenhart observed that Benzoyl peroxide made the tincture of guaiacum tincture turn blue, a sign of oxygen being released.

Around 1905, Loevenhart reported on the successful use of BPO to treat various skin conditions, including burns, chronic varicose leg tumors, and tinea sycosis.
He also reported animal experiments that showed the relatively low toxicity of Benzoyl peroxide.

Treatment with benzoyl peroxide was proposed for wounds by Lyon and Reynolds in 1929, and for sycosis vulgaris and acne varioliformis by Peck and Chagrin in 1934.
However, preparations were often of questionable quality.
Benzoyl peroxide was officially approved for the treatment of acne in the US in 1960.



POLYMERIZATION OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Benzoyl peroxide is mainly used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions, such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
It is the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Benzoyl peroxide is also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
Formula: C14H10O4
Molar mass: 242.230 g·mol−1
Density: 1.334 g/cm3
Melting point: 103 to 105 °C (217 to 221 °F) decomposes
Solubility in water: poor mg/mL (20 °C)
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 105 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: 80 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available

pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility insoluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties:Explosive when dry.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Observe national regulations.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature
2 - 8 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZOYL PEROXIDE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.


CAS Number, 94-36-0
EC number, 202-327-6
Chemical Formula: C14H10O4
Molecular Weight: 242.23


SYNONYMS OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE (BPO):
benzoperoxide, Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO), BPO PEROXAN BP,DBP,Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO),Benzac,Clearasil,Panoxyl,Perkadox, Peroxide, dibenzoyl; Acetoxyl; Akneroxid 5; Asidopan; Benoxyl; Benzac; Benzoic acid, peroxide; Benzol peroxide; Benzoperoxide; Benzoyl superoxide; Benzoylperoxid; Benzoyl peroxyde;Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO); Dibenzoylperoxid; Dibenzoylperoxyde; Diphenylglyoxal peroxide; Dry and Clear; Duresthin 5; Eloxyl; Epi-Clear; G20; Lucidol; Lucidol B 50; Lucidol G 20; Luperco AST; Mytolac; Nayper BO; Oxy 5; Oxylite; Panoxyl; Perossido di benzoile; Peroxyde de benzoyle; Persa-Gel; Persadox; Resdan Akne; Theraderm; Acnegel; Aztec BPO; Benzaknew; BZF-60; Cadet; Cadox; Cadox BS; Clearasil Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) lotion; Clearasil BP acne treatment; Cuticura acne cream; Debroxide; Fostex; Garox; Incidol; Loroxide; Luperco; Luperox FL; NA 2085 (DOT); Nayper B and BO; Norox bzp-250; Norox bzp-C-35; Novadelox; OXY-10; OXY WASH; Quinolor compound; Superox; Topex; UN 2085 (DOT); UN 2086; UN 2088; Vanoxide; Xerac; Acne-Aid Cream; Benzac W; Clear By Design; Abcure S-40-25; Akneroxid L; Akneroxide L; Benzagel 10; Benzaknen; BPO; Brevoxyl; Cadet BPO 78W; Cadox 40E; Dermoxyl; Desanden; Lucidol 78; Lucidol 75FP; Luzidol; Nericur; NSC 675; Oxy-L; Peroxyderm; Peroxydex; Preoxydex; Sanoxit; Xerac BP 10; Xerac BP 5; Triaz; Perkadox 20S; Cadox B; Desquam E; Lucidol (peroxide); Luperco AA; Nyper B; Nyper BMT; W 75



Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is primarily used in the manufacture of polymers, as a polymerisation initiator.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) can also be used in other applications: as an oxidant in anti-acne formulations, as a hardener/cross-linking agent (in production of unsaturated polyester resins and silicone rubbers) and as a bleaching agent.

Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is in the form of white powder or paste with a molecular mass of 242 g/mol.
This material is available as a 75% pure powder for polymerization applications or as a 55% paste.
The percentage of active oxygen for this material should be at least 4.9%.

The half-life time of this substance in chlorobenzene is 10 hours at 71°C and 1 hour at 91°C.
Its bulk density at 20 degrees Celsius is 500 kg/m3.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) like other peroxide compounds starts to decompose at a temperature above 20 degrees Celsius.
Its storage time is a maximum of 6 months.


Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is mainly used in production of plastics[5] and for bleaching flour, hair, plastics and textiles.
As a bleach, it has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.

As a medication, Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
In 2021, it was the 284th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions



STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE (BPO)
Structure of Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) from X-ray crystallography.
The O=C-O-O dihedral angle is 90°.
The O-O distance is 1.434 Å.

The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide,[15] a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:
(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2
The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.

The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is one hour at 92 °C. At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.


In 1901, J. H. Kastle and his graduate student A. S. Loevenhart observed that the compound made the tincture of guaiacum tincture turn blue, a sign of oxygen being released.
Around 1905, Loevenhart reported on the successful use of Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) to treat various skin conditions, including burns, chronic varicose leg tumors, and tinea sycosis.
He also reported animal experiments that showed the relatively low toxicity of the compound.


Treatment with Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) was proposed for wounds by Lyon and Reynolds in 1929, and for sycosis vulgaris and acne varioliformis by Peck and Chagrin in 1934.
However, preparations were often of questionable quality.
It was officially approved for the treatment of acne in the US in 1960.

Polymerization:
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is mainly used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions,[4] such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.

USES OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE (BPO):
Tube of a water-based 5% Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) preparation for the treatment of acne
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is effective for treating acne lesions.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) does not induce antibiotic resistance.

Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)/clindamycin and adapalene/Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO), adapalene being a chemically stable retinoid that can be combined with Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)[26] unlike tezarotene and tretinoin.
Combination products such as Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)/clindamycin and Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) alone for the treatment of acne lesions.

The combination tretinoin/Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) was approved for medical use in the United States in 2021.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) are more effective than lower concentrations.


Mechanism of action:
Classically, Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
It is sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.

In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.

The free-radical reaction of Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
It can cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making it bactericidal,[6] and it was thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.

Some evidence suggests that Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) has an anti-inflammatory effect as well.
In micromolar concentrations it prevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne



APPLICATIONS OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE (BPO)
For some special applications it is desirable to use a dry Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) powder as a catalyst.
For these cases the Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) formulation Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) was introduced, which is a mixture of Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) and filler.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) can be handled very easily and without risk.

Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) contains no plasticizer and is lower concentrated than the usual Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) formulations, which makes dosing easier.
One of the most important applications for Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is as a catalyst for putties based on unsaturated polyester resins.
A putty containing an accelerated polyester resin and Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) cures rapidly so that after a short time the surface can be sanded and polished


Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) is primarily used as a radical initiator to induce polymerisation (free radical polymerisation process), for the manufacture of e.g. expandible polystyrene in suspension, acrylics polymers (for road marking paints).
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) can also be used in other applications, in production, as an oxidant in anti-acne formulation, as a hardener of unsaturated polyester resins, as a cross-linking agent for the production of and silicone rubbers, and as a bleaching agent.


Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)s are used to harden the resin in hot mold.
It is applied alone at high temperatures and with accelerators at room temperature.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) paste;It is used together with marble adhesives in the hardening of polyester repair pastes used in automotive parts repair at ambient temperature.
• Styrene polymerization
• Acne treatment
• Copolymerization of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate
• Paint and resin industries
• Polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate
• Bleaching agent in various industries


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE (BPO):
Formula, C14H10O4
Molar mass, 242.230 g•mol−1
3D model (JSmol), Interactive image
Density, 1.334 g/cm3
Melting point, 103 to 105 °C (217 to 221 °F) decomposes
Solubility in water, poor mg/mL (20 °C)
Chemical family
Organic peroxide
CAS number
94-36-0
Physical form
Powder
Regional availability
Africa, Asia Pacific, China, Europe, India, Middle East
Chemical name
DiBenzoyl Peroxide (BPO)
Appearance, white powder or doughy
SADT, 80 °C
AppeThe maximum storage temperaturearance, ≤ 20 °C
Active oxygen, 4.9 wt.%
Physical state Solid at ambient temperature, low dustiness (wet powder)
Form White powder, moist
Colour White
Odour Slightly benzaldehyde-like
Density 1.33 g/cm3 at 20°C
Melting point 103-108°C at 1013 hPa
Explosive properties The pure substance is explosive
Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) 65°C
Vapour pressure 9.07.10-5 hPa (at 25°C) (by calculation)
Mol weight 242.23 g/mol
Water solubility 0.35 mg/L at 20ºC Octanol-water partition coefficient (LogKow) 3.2 at 20°C
Appearance, White granular powder
Assay, 48.0 – 51.0 %
Acidity (as COOH), ≤0.50 %
Cl, ≤0.40 %
(In)organic hydrolysable Cl, ≤0.50 %
Water, ≤1.00 %
Molecular formula, C14H10O4
Molecular weight, 242.23 g/mol
Smiles notation, O=C(OOC(=O)c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2
InChi key, OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYAV
Flash point, Not applicable
Flammability, Highly flammable
Melting point, 103 – 105 20 °C @ 1.013 hPa
Partition coefficient (log Pow), 3.43 @ 20 °C
Relative density, 1.33 @ 25 °C
Solubility in water, Slightly soluble (9 .1 mg/l) @ 25 °C
Vapour pressure, < 1mm Hg @ 20 °C



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BENZOYL PEROXIDE (BPO):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

DESCRIPTION:
Benzoyl Peroxide 75% Powder is a free-flowing powder form of dibenzoyl peroxide suitable for use in various pharmaceutical applications including anti-acne creams, face and body washes, and shampoos.
Benzoyl Peroxide 75% Powder with no water added, forming an anhydrous powder.
Traditional uses like general-purpose, high-impact, or expandable polystyrenes depend on benzoyl peroxide for bulk polymerizations.
Room temperature curing operations such as thermoset or acrylic composites can be achieved using benzoyl peroxide together with heavy metal or amine accelerators.


Molecular Weight: 242.23
Linear Formula: (C6H5CO)2O2



APPLICATIONS OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE 75% POWDER:
Benzoyl Peroxide 75% Powder is a free-flowing granular form of dibenzoyl peroxide suitable for use in various pharmaceutical applications including anti-acne creams, face and body washes, and shampoos.
Benzoyl Peroxide 75% Powder is manufactured in accordance with U.S. current Good Manufacturing Practices and relative regulations as they apply to Bulk Pharmaceutical Chemicals.






SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BENZOYL PEROXIDE 75% POWDER:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE 75% POWDER:
Quality Level
200
Assay
75%
form
powder
contains
25 wt. % water as stabilizer
reaction suitability
reagent type: oxidant
mp
103 °C (lit.)
storage temp.
2-8°C
APPEARANCE
White granular powder
Other uses: Preparation of flour; dyeing hair, and tooth whitening systems.
Origin: Synthetic
Shelf life: 6 months from mfg. date
Freight Classification: NMFC 43940 SUB 2 CLASS 85
Kosher Status: Not Kosher
Flash Point: 41 øC
Melting Point: 105 øC
API: YES
Allergen: NO
Hazmat: YES
Molecular Weight: 242.23 g/mol










FUNCTIONS OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE 75% POWDER:
Most benzoyl peroxide is used as a radical initiator to induce polymerizations.
Other major applications include its antiseptic and bleaching properties.

STORAGE
Store in original container.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Recommended storage temperature 2 – 8 øC Keep in a dry place.


SYNONYM(S) OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE 75% POWDER :
Benzoyl peroxide moistened with water,
BPO,
Benzoyl peroxide,
Diacyl peroxide,
Dibenzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide75% HYD USP,
Perkadox L-W75, Cadet BPO-75W;
Dibenzoyl Peroxide;
Benzoyl Peroxide;
Diacyl peroxide;
BPO

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is a topical medication that contains benzoyl peroxide as its active ingredient.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is a well-known and widely used compound in dermatology and skincare due to its antibacterial and keratolytic (skin peeling) properties.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is primarily used to treat various skin conditions, including acne.

CAS Number: 94-36-0
EC Number: 202-327-6



APPLICATIONS


One of the primary applications of Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is in the treatment of acne, including mild to severe cases.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is effective in reducing and preventing comedones (blackheads and whiteheads) that commonly occur in acne-prone skin.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% helps manage and minimize the appearance of pimples, including inflamed or cystic acne lesions.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% acts as a keratolytic agent, aiding in the exfoliation of dead skin cells to unclog pores.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is known for its antibacterial properties, which help combat Propionibacterium acnes, the bacterium associated with acne.
This medication can help regulate sebum (skin oil) production, contributing to less oily skin.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may provide mild anti-inflammatory benefits, reducing redness and swelling associated with acne.
Regular use can help prevent new acne lesions from forming.

By reducing the severity of acne breakouts, it may indirectly help prevent or minimize the formation of acne scars.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can be used as a spot treatment to target specific acne blemishes.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is often used alongside other acne treatments, such as topical antibiotics or retinoids, for enhanced efficacy.
Dermatologists may prescribe this medication and provide guidance on its use for various types of acne.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can be incorporated into comprehensive skincare routines tailored to manage acne and improve skin health.

After achieving acne clearance, it may be used for ongoing maintenance to prevent relapses.
Some benzoyl peroxide products, including lower concentrations, are available over-the-counter (OTC) for self-treatment.

Besides facial acne, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is also used to treat acne on the chest, back (bacne), and other body areas.
In addition to acne, it is sometimes used to manage keratosis pilaris, a skin condition characterized by small, rough bumps.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may help treat folliculitis, an infection or inflammation of hair follicles.
Some cosmetic products, such as acne spot treatments and cleansers, incorporate benzoyl peroxide for its acne-fighting properties.

In healthcare settings, it may be used for wound care or as an antiseptic agent in certain dermatological procedures.
Researchers and educators may use benzoyl peroxide in studies related to acne, dermatology, and skincare.

Dermatologists and skincare professionals may recommend this medication as part of patient education and treatment plans.
Adolescents and young adults, who are often prone to acne, may use benzoyl peroxide paste 50% as part of their skincare routines.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may be combined with other active ingredients, such as salicylic acid, for synergistic effects in acne treatment.
Dermatologists may customize treatment plans by selecting benzoyl peroxide paste 50% based on individual skin types and acne severity.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is particularly effective in managing cystic acne, which consists of deep, painful nodules beneath the skin's surface.
Adult individuals experiencing acne breakouts can benefit from the use of benzoyl peroxide paste 50% to control and treat their condition.

In some cases, dermatologists may recommend this medication for managing the papules and pustules associated with acne rosacea.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may be used to treat acne keloidalis nuchae, a condition characterized by inflamed, raised bumps at the base of the hairline.

Men dealing with folliculitis barbae (razor bumps) on the beard area can apply benzoyl peroxide to alleviate symptoms.
Dermatologists may utilize this medication to target sebaceous hyperplasia, a condition marked by enlarged oil glands.
By reducing the severity of acne breakouts, it can help prevent or minimize PIH, which leads to dark marks or discoloration after an acne lesion heals.

After achieving clear skin, many individuals continue using benzoyl peroxide as part of their daily regimen to maintain acne-free skin.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can serve as an emergency spot treatment to quickly address unexpected acne flare-ups.
In some instances, benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may be used to treat athlete's foot, a fungal infection that affects the feet.

In conjunction with other treatments, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may be employed in the management of psoriasis, a chronic skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches.
For some patients with pityriasis rosea, a benign rash, dermatologists may recommend the application of benzoyl peroxide to help alleviate itching and discomfort.

By preventing new acne breakouts, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can indirectly help reduce the risk of further scarring on the back.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% helps cleanse pores, making it a useful addition to skincare routines for those prone to congestion.

In dermatological procedures, it may be used to prepare the skin for treatments such as chemical peels or laser therapy.
In some cases, benzoyl peroxide is employed to manage certain types of eczema, specifically those with a bacterial component.

Dermatologists may suggest using it on the nails to address superficial nail fungus infections.
Over time, benzoyl peroxide may help lighten hyperpigmented areas, enhancing overall skin tone.
After receiving a chemical peel treatment, some individuals use benzoyl peroxide to help maintain the results and prevent acne breakouts.
To reduce the risk of post-waxing irritation and bumps, it can be applied to areas that have undergone hair removal.

In mild cases of rosacea, where papules and pustules are present, benzoyl peroxide may be included in the treatment plan.
Some people use benzoyl peroxide preemptively, applying it to areas prone to acne to prevent future breakouts.
By reducing acne severity, it indirectly contributes to the reduction of acne scars and their visibility over time.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can be part of treatment plans for hormonal acne, which often requires a comprehensive approach.
For individuals with sensitive skin, lower concentrations of benzoyl peroxide may be recommended, tailored to their skin's tolerance level.
Benzoyl peroxide is sometimes used as an active ingredient in acne-fighting body washes designed for chest and back acne.

People using prescription acne medications may incorporate benzoyl peroxide paste 50% to boost the effectiveness of their treatment.
After workouts, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can be applied to prevent sweat and oil from clogging pores, reducing the risk of post-exercise breakouts.

Travel-sized benzoyl peroxide products are convenient for maintaining skincare routines while on the go.
For individuals with acne on the scalp, specially formulated shampoos containing benzoyl peroxide can be beneficial.
Some skincare products combine benzoyl peroxide with other active ingredients like salicylic acid, offering a multifaceted approach to acne treatment.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% provides rapid relief by targeting inflamed acne lesions and promoting their healing.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can help reduce and prevent blackheads by clearing the pores of excess sebum and dead skin cells.

As a preventative measure, it can be used on areas prone to pore blockage, such as the T-zone.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can be used on an as-needed basis for individuals who experience occasional breakouts.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is a staple in many teenagers' skincare routines as they navigate hormonal changes and acne-prone skin.

Dermatologists may recommend using benzoyl peroxide as part of pre- and post-operative skincare routines for cosmetic procedures.
Some individuals use benzoyl peroxide to achieve clear skin before special events or occasions.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can assist in removing adhesive residue left behind from bandages, tape, or medical dressings.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may be recommended to help maintain results and prevent post-procedure acne.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is used by many people to prevent maskne, which is acne caused by wearing face masks for extended periods.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can be carefully applied along the hairline to address acne breakouts in that area.
By preventing pore blockage, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can contribute to a smoother skin texture and the appearance of smaller pores.

Some individuals experience acne breakouts during specific seasons, and benzoyl peroxide can be incorporated into their seasonal skincare routine.
To prevent cross-contamination, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is essential to wash hands thoroughly after applying benzoyl peroxide to avoid inadvertently touching other areas of the skin.
Besides medical applications, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is sometimes used in aesthetic treatments to improve skin texture and appearance.



DESCRIPTION


Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is a topical medication that contains benzoyl peroxide as its active ingredient.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is a well-known and widely used compound in dermatology and skincare due to its antibacterial and keratolytic (skin peeling) properties.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is primarily used to treat various skin conditions, including acne.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is a topical skincare medication widely recognized for its effectiveness in treating acne.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50%features a high concentration of benzoyl peroxide, an organic compound known for its antibacterial and acne-fighting properties.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is typically available as a white or off-white semi-solid paste contained in tubes or jars.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is used to combat acne vulgaris, a common skin condition characterized by pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads.
The active ingredient, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50%, works by reducing the population of Propionibacterium acnes, a bacterium associated with acne.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is classified as a keratolytic agent, meaning it helps peel away dead skin cells and prevent clogged pores.
The 50% concentration indicates a potent formulation, which may be prescribed for moderate to severe cases of acne.

When applied, Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% creates a thin, even layer over the affected skin areas.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is used topically, making it suitable for localized treatment of acne lesions.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% should be used as directed by a healthcare provider or dermatologist.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may cause temporary side effects, such as dryness, peeling, redness, and a warming sensation on the skin.

Individuals using this medication should follow their healthcare provider's recommendations regarding the frequency and duration of application.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can be applied once or twice daily, depending on the severity of the condition.

While using Benzoyl peroxide paste 50%, it is essential to avoid excessive exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Users should be cautious when applying the paste near hair or clothing, as it may bleach them.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% may be included in comprehensive skincare routines designed to manage acne.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can be part of a multifaceted approach that includes cleansing, moisturizing, and sun protection.
Patients should discontinue the use of other potentially irritating skincare products when using this medication.

The treatment duration may vary from individual to individual and depends on the response to the medication.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is crucial to keep the product stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
For best results, users should follow a consistent application schedule and avoid skipping treatments.

If severe or persistent side effects occur, it is advisable to seek guidance from a dermatologist.
Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% can help reduce the appearance of acne lesions and improve overall skin texture.

Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% is a valuable tool in the arsenal of dermatological treatments aimed at enhancing skin health and confidence.
When used correctly and under the guidance of a healthcare professional, this medication can contribute to clearer, healthier skin.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: White or off-white semi-solid paste.
Texture: Viscous and smooth.
Odor: Typically odorless, but may have a faint chemical scent.
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents.
Density: The density can vary, but it is generally denser than water.
pH Level: Usually near neutral or slightly acidic when formulated for skin use.
Melting Point: Benzoyl peroxide decomposes before melting; no distinct melting point.


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C14H10O4 (Benzoyl peroxide).
Chemical Structure: Benzoyl peroxide consists of two benzoyl (C6H5CO-) groups connected by an oxygen-oxygen (O-O) bond.
Reactivity: It is a powerful oxidizing agent and can react with reducing agents and flammable materials.
Decomposition: Benzoyl peroxide can decompose upon exposure to heat or light, releasing oxygen gas.
Stability: It should be stored away from heat, open flames, and direct sunlight to maintain stability.




FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled and respiratory irritation or discomfort occurs, move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention promptly.
Avoid exposure to the vapors, as they may cause irritation.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact with Benzoyl peroxide paste 50%, remove contaminated clothing and immediately rinse the affected skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Gently wash the exposed skin using a mild soap and lukewarm water.
Do not use abrasive materials or vigorous scrubbing, as it may exacerbate skin irritation.
If irritation or redness persists, seek medical attention.
For severe skin reactions or allergic responses, consult a healthcare professional.


Eye Contact:

In case of eye contact, rinse the affected eye(s) gently but thoroughly with clean, lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if the irritation appears to be mild.


Ingestion:

If accidental ingestion of Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% occurs, do not induce vomiting unless instructed by a medical professional.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and drink a glass of water or milk if the individual is conscious and alert.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling Benzoyl peroxide paste 50%, wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including safety goggles or face shield, gloves, and protective clothing to minimize the risk of skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area to prevent the accumulation of vapors.
Use local exhaust ventilation if available to capture any potential airborne contaminants.

Avoid Open Flames and Heat:
Keep the product away from open flames, sparks, and heat sources as Benzoyl peroxide can decompose upon exposure to elevated temperatures, releasing oxygen gas.

No Smoking:
Smoking should be prohibited in areas where Benzoyl peroxide is handled, as it poses a fire hazard.

Prevent Cross-Contamination:
Ensure that equipment and utensils used for handling and application are clean and free from any contaminants.
Avoid cross-contamination with other chemicals or products.

Avoid Mixing:
Do not mix Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% with other substances or chemicals unless explicitly directed to do so by a qualified professional.

Use in a Controlled Manner:
Dispense and apply the paste in a controlled and precise manner to minimize waste and potential exposure.

Labeling:
Clearly label containers and storage areas with appropriate hazard warnings, contents, and safety information.


Storage:

Cool and Dry Storage:
Store Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Maintain a stable temperature below 25°C (77°F).

Protection from Light:
Protect the product from direct sunlight and sources of UV radiation, as light exposure may cause degradation.

Avoid Moisture:
Prevent moisture from entering containers, as it can lead to decomposition or loss of effectiveness.

Sealed Containers:
Keep containers tightly sealed when not in use to prevent contact with air, which can contribute to decomposition.

Incompatible Substances:
Store away from incompatible materials, such as reducing agents, flammable materials, and strong acids or bases.

Separation:
Some settling or separation of the paste may occur over time.
Ensure that the paste is thoroughly mixed before use.

Children and Pets:
Store Benzoyl peroxide paste 50% out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental exposure.

Emergency Measures:
Have appropriate emergency measures and equipment, such as fire extinguishers and spill control materials, readily available in the storage area.



SYNONYMS


Benzoyl peroxide gel
Topical benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide cream
Benzoyl peroxide lotion
Acne treatment gel
Acne medication
Acne-fighting paste
Benzoyl peroxide spot treatment
Skin-clearing gel
Pimple treatment
Acne control formula
Benzoyl peroxide skincare product
Dermatological paste
Anti-acne preparation
BPO paste (abbreviated form)
Clear skin treatment
Acne solution
Zit zapper
Skin blemish treatment
Acne buster
Acne fighter
Pimple eraser
Pore cleanser
Skin exfoliant
Complexion enhancer
Acne-clearing cream
BPO acne treatment
Skin-purifying gel
Pimple-fighting paste
Zit treatment
Acne spot gel
Pore-cleansing cream
Complexion-refining paste
Dermatologist-recommended gel
Acne control lotion
Breakout-banishing paste
Topical acne remedy
Blemish control gel
Acne medication cream
Pimple erasing lotion
Pore-clearing formula
Skin exfoliating gel
Clear complexion cream
Anti-blemish paste
Blemish-fighting treatment
Acne spot solution
Skin renewal gel
Complexion-perfecting cream
Acne-prone skin remedy
Skin clarifying paste

SYNONYMS Acetato De Bencilo; Acetic Acid Benzyl Ester; Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester; alpha-acetoxytoluene; CAS NO. 140-11-4

Benzyl Acetate is an ester of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl Acetate is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2.
Benzyl Acetate is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.


CAS Number: 140-11-4
EC Number: 205-399-7
MDL number: MFCD00008712
Linear Formula: CH3COOCH2C6H5
Molecular Formula: C9H10O2 / CH3COOCH2C6H5


Benzyl Acetate is an aromatic chemical, usually appearing as a clear liquid with a moderate sweet-jasmine fragrance.
Benzyl Acetate appears as a component of some of our fragrance blends.
Benzyl Acetate is a synthetic chemical produced for industry from benzyl alcohol and acetic acid, but is also naturally present in the essential oils of many plants, including jasmine and ylang ylang.


Benzyl Acetate often appears in fragrances, either as a synthetic additive used as a fixative to help preserve the longevity of a fragrance, or as a natural component of the essential oils used in the fragrance.
Benzyl Acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.


Natural sources of Benzyl Acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple.
Benzyl Acetate is a plasticizer for ionophore membranes.
Benzyl Acetate is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2.


Benzyl Acetate is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl Acetate is soluble in water 3.1 g/L.
Store Benzyl Acetate in a cool, dry conditions, in well sealed conditions.


Store Benzyl Acetate away from oxidizing agents.
Benzyl Acetate, an organic compound, is the ester formed by condensation of acetic acid and benzyl alcohol.
Benzyl Acetate is the main constituent of the essential oils from jasmine flowers.


Benzyl Acetate is found in alcoholic beverages.
Benzyl Acetate occurs in jasmine, apple, cherry, guava fruit and peel, wine grape, white wine, tea, plum, cooked rice, Bourbon vanilla, naranjila fruit (Solanum quitoense), Chinese cabbage and quince. Benzyl Acetate is a flavouring agent Benzyl acetate is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2.


Benzyl Acetate is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl Acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones.


Benzyl Acetate belongs to the family of Benzyloxycarbonyls.
These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group.
Benzyl Acetate is a colorless liquid with an odor of pears.


Benzyl Acetate is the acetate ester of benzyl alcohol. It has a role as a metabolite.
Benzyl Acetate is an acetate ester and a benzyl ester.
Benzyl Acetatee is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Tanacetum parthenium, and other organisms with data available.


Benzyl Acetate is found in alcoholic beverages.
Benzyl Acetate occurs in jasmine, apple, cherry, guava fruit and peel, wine grape, white wine, tea, plum, cooked rice, Bourbon vanilla, naranjila fruit (Solanum quitoense), Chinese cabbage and quince.


Benzyl Acetate is a flavouring agent.
Benzyl Acetate is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2.
Benzyl Acetate is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.


Benzyl Acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones.
Benzyl Acetate belongs to the family of Benzyloxycarbonyls.


These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group.
Benzyl Acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula CH3C(O)OCH2C6H5.
Benzyl Acetate is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZYL ACETATE:
Benzyl Acetate often appears in fragrances, either as a synthetic additive used as a fixative to help preserve the longevity of a fragrance, or as a natural component of the essential oils used in the fragrance.
Benzyl Acetate (Acetic acid benzyl ester, Benzyl ethanoate, Phenylmethyl), usually found in alcoholic beverages, is a flavouring agent.


Benzyl Acetate is very widely used and almost essential in jasmine and gardenia accords: should be in every perfumer's palette.
Benzyl Acetate is a plasticizer for ionophore membranes
Benzyl Acetate is used as spices.


Benzyl Acetate is the main component of jasmine and other extracts.
Benzyl Acetate is an indispensable spice in the blending of floral fragrances such as fragrant and ylang.
Benzyl Acetate is cheaper and is used in soaps and other industrial flavors.


Benzyl Acetate is often used in a lot of flavors such as jasmine, white orchid, maize, moon scent and narcissus, and it can also be used in raw flavors such as pear, apple, banana and mulberry.
Benzyl Acetate is used as a Solvents.


Benzyl Acetate is dissolved in water by 0.23% and insoluble in glycerin.
However, Benzyl Acetate can be miscible with alcohols, ethers, ketones and aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and the like.
Benzyl Acetate has good dissolving capacity for oil, nitrocellulose, cellulose and can also dissolve rosin, glycerol tri-rosin acid ester, coumarone resin and the like.


Therefore, Benzyl Acetate is used as a solvent for shellac paint, alkyd resin, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, dyes, grease and printing ink.
Benzyl Acetate is used as a high boiling point solvent in coatings, like ink coating, binding agent and paint remover.
Benzyl Acetate is used in soap and other chemical essences and has the effect of promote in floral and fantasy essences in jasmine, white orchid, fragrant plantain lily, gekkakou, narcissus and other essences.


Benzyl Acetate is used in perfumery and in chemical synthesis; artificial jasmine and other perfumes; flavoring; solvent and high boiler for cellulose acetate and nitrate, natural and synthetic resins, oils, lacquers, polishes, printing inks, and varnish removers.
Benzyl Acetate can be used as a high boiling point solvent in coatings, like ink coating, binding agent and paint remover.


Benzyl Acetate is used in soap and other chemical essences and has the effect of promote in floral and fantasy essences in jasmine, white orchid, fragrant plantain lily, gekkakou, narcissus and other essences.
Benzyl Acetate is a plasticizer for ionophore membranes.


Benzyl Acetate can be used as a high boiling point solvent in coatings, like ink coating, binding agent and paint remover.
Benzyl Acetate is used in soap and other chemical essences and has the effect of promote in floral and fantasy essences in jasmine, white orchid, fragrant plantain lily, gekkakou, narcissus and other essences.


Benzyl Acetate is a plasticizer for ionophore membranes.
Benzyl Acetate is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study.
Benzyl Acetate is very extensively used in perfumery, from the lowest priced industrial odors to the most highly appreciated cosmetic fragrances, often constituting the main ingredient in a perfume oil.


Benzyl Acetate is almost inevitably the largest component in Jasmin and Gardenia fragrances, and it enters in a multitude of other floral fragrance types in smaller proportions.
Benzyl Acetate's poor tenacity is usually compensated for by proper blending with higher esters of Benzyl alcohol, and with suitable fixatives.


Benzyl Acetate is frequently used in flavor compositions, for imitation Apple, Apricot, Banana, Butter, Cherry, Peach, Pear, Plum, Pineapple, Quince, Raspberry, Strawberry, Violet, etc. etc. (S. arctander).
In the industrial odors, the volatility of Benzyl Acetate is often only an advantage.


Benzyl Acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees.
Benzyl Acetate is collected and used by the bees as an intra-specific pheromone.
In apiculture, Benzyl Acetate is used as a bait to collect bees.


Natural sources of Benzyl Acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple, etc
Benzyl Acetate, also known as benzyl ethanoate or fema 2135, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzyloxycarbonyls.
These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group.


Benzyl acetate is a sweet, apple, and apricot tasting compound.
Benzyl acetate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within sweet basils.
Benzyl Acetate has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as figs, fruits, pomes, tea, and alcoholic beverages.


On high concnetrations Benzyl Acetate is a potentially toxic compound.
If Benzyl Acetate has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water.
Benzyl Acetate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzyloxycarbonyls.


These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group.
Benzyl Acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula C9H10O2.
Similar to most other esters, Benzyl Acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, it finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.


Benzyl Acetate is a constituent of Jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.
Benzyl Acetate is found in a dozen essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth, and gardenia.
Benzyl Acetate has been in public use since the 1900s.


Benzyl Acetate was granted GRAS status by FEMA (1965) and is approved by the FDA for food use.
Benzyl Acetate is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study.
Similar to most other esters, Benzyl Acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, it finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.


Benzyl Acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.
Benzyl Acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Further as a flavoring agent Benzyl Acetate is also used to impart jasmine or apple flavors to various cosmetics and personal care products like lotions, hair creams etc.



THE ODOUR AND USES OF BENZYL ACETATE:
Benzyl Acetate has sweet floral fruity fresh sweet aromatic floral fruity jasmin ylang.
Benzyl Acetate has powerful but thin sweet floral fresh and light fruity odor reminiscent of Jasmin Gardenia Muguet Lily and other flowers.
Benzyl Acetate is very extensively used in perfumery from the lowest priced industrial odors to the most highly appreciated cosmetic fragrances often constituting the main ingredient in a perfume oil.



PERFUME USES OF BENZYL ACETATE:
Jasmin Gardenia Tuberose Muguet Lily-of-the-Valley Violet Ylang Melon Watermelon Apple Juice Melon (musk) Strawberry Olive Oil Floral-types, Jasmin, Gardenia, Muguet, Lily, Industrial-perfumes, Fixative-effect, , Violet,
Apple Apricot Banana Butter Cherry Peach Fear Plum Pineapple Quince Raspberry Strawberry Violet Rice, Apple, Apricot, Banana, Butter, Cherry, Peach, Plum, Quince, Raspberry, Strawberry, Chewing-gum, Loiseleuria Procumbens Desv. (azalea) : Jasmine (all types) : Ylang ylang :
Blends-well-with=> +Acetophenone +Benzyl Isobutyrate +Atractylis +Benzyl Isovalerate +Benzyl Propionate Gums,



PRODUCTION OF BENZYL ACETATE:
By the interaction of benzyl chloride and sodium acetate or by acetylation of benzyl alcohol.



COMPOUND TYPE OF BENZYL ACETATE:
*Ester
*Ether
*Food Toxin
*Fragrance Toxin
*Household Toxin
*Metabolite
*Natural Compound
*Organic Compound
*Plant Toxin



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF BENZYL ACETATE:
*Carboxylic acid esters
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF BENZYL ACETATE:
*Benzyloxycarbonyl
*Carboxylic acid ester
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



WHAT DOES BENZYL ACETATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Masking
*Solvent
*Perfuming



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZYL ACETATE:
CAS Number: 140-11-4
Molecular Weight: 150.17
Beilstein: 1908121
EC Number: 205-399-7
MDL number: MFCD00008712
Molecular Weight: 150.17 g/mol
XLogP3: 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 150.068079557 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 150.068079557 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 126
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS number: 140-11-4
EC number: 205-399-7
Hill Formula: C₉H₁₀O₂
Chemical formula: CH₃COOCH₂C₆H₅
Molar Mass: 150.18 g/mol
HS Code: 2915 39 00
Boiling point: 205 - 207 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.055 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.9 - 8.4 %(V)
Flash point: 95 °C
Ignition temperature: 460 °C
Melting Point: -51 °C
Vapor pressure: 31 hPa (110 °C)
Chemical formula: CH3C(O)OCH2C6H5

Molar mass: 150.18 g/mol
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Odor: floral
Density: 1.054 g/ml
Melting point: −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F; 221.7 K)
Boiling point: 212 °C (414 °F; 485 K)
Solubility in water: 0.31 g/100 mL
Solubility: Soluble in benzene, chloroform
Miscible with ethanol, ether, acetone
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -93.18·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.523
Chemical Formula: C9H10O2
Average Molecular Weight: 150.1745
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 150.068079564
IUPAC Name: benzyl acetate

Traditional Name: benzyl acetate
CAS Registry Number: 140-11-4
SMILES: CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C9H10O2/c1-8(10)11-7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6H,7H2,1H3
InChI Key: QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS: 140-11-4
Molecular Formula: C9H10O2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 150.177
MDL Number: MFCD00008712
InChI Key: QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling point: 419.9°F
Molecular weight: 150.18
Freezing point/melting point: -60.7°F
Vapor pressure: 1 mmHg at 113°F

Flash point: 195°F
Vapor density: 5.1
Specific gravity: 1.04
NFPA health rating: 1
NFPA fire rating: 2
NFPA reactivity rating: 0
Chemical Formula: C9H10O2
Average Molecular Mass: 150.175 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 150.068 g/mol
CAS Registry Number: 140-11-4
IUPAC Name: benzyl acetate
Traditional Name: benzyl acetate
SMILES: CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C9H10O2/c1-8(10)11-7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6H,7H2,1H3

InChI Key: InChIKey=QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Water Solubility: 0.52 g/L
logP: 2.07
logP: 1.65
logS: -2.5
pKa (Strongest Basic): -7
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 26.3 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Refractivity: 42.03 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 16.03 ų
Number of Rings: 1
Bioavailability: Yes

Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C9H10O2
IUPAC name: benzyl acetate
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C9H10O2/c1-8(10)11-7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6H,7H2,1H3
InChI Key: QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1
Average Molecular Weight: 150.1745
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 150.068079564
Molecular Weight: 150.18
Appearance: Liquid
Formula: C9H10O2

CAS No.: 140-11-4
SMILES: CC(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)=O
Storage:
Pure form: -20°C 3 years, 4°C 2 years
In solvent: -80°C 6 months, -20°C 1 month
APPEARANCE AT 20°C: Clear mobile liquid
COLOR: Colorless
ODOR: Sweet, floral, jasmine, fruity
OPTICAL ROTATION (°): 0 / 0
DENSITY AT 20°C (G/ML)): 1,050 - 1,060
REFRACTIVE INDEX ND20: 1,5010 - 1,5040
FLASHPOINT (°C): 95
SOLUBILITY: 1 ml soluble in 20 ml water, soluble in alcohol
ASSAY (% GC): > 99
ACID VALUE (MG KOH/G):


FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Description of first aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Extinguishing media:
--Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information: No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Appropriate engineering controls:
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,3 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 57 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Reactivity: No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions: No data available
-Conditions to avoid: No data available
-Other decomposition products - No data available



SYNONYMS:
Acetic acid benzyl ester
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl ethanoate
Acetic Acid Phenylmethyl Ester
Benzyl Alcohol Acetate
(Acetoxymethyl)benzene
Benzyl Ethanoate
NSC 4550
Phenylmethyl Pcetate
α-Acetoxytoluene
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl ethanoate
Phenylmethyl ethanoate
Acetate, benzyl ester
Acetate, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl ethanoic acid
Phenylmethyl ethanoic acid
Benzyl acetic acid
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Phenylmethyl acetate
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
alpha-Acetoxytoluene
Benzyl acetate (natural)
Benzyl ethanoate
Benzylester kyseliny octove
Phenylmethyl acetate
Phenylmethyl ethanoate
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
Acetic acid benzyl ester
BENZYL ACETATE
140-11-4
Benzyl ethanoate
Phenylmethyl acetate
Acetic acid benzyl ester
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
Phenylmethyl ethanoate
alpha-Acetoxytoluene
(Acetoxymethyl)benzene
NCI-C06508
Benzylester kyseliny octove
Caswell No. 081EA
FEMA No. 2135
Benzyl acetate (natural)
NSC 4550
Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester
CCRIS 1423
HSDB 2851
Plastolin I
UNII-0ECG3V79ZJ
EINECS 205-399-7
0ECG3V79ZJ
DTXSID0020151
CHEBI:52051
.alpha.-Acetoxytoluene
AI3-01996
NSC-4550
Benzyl ester of acetic acid
Benzyl-23456-d5 Acetate
DTXCID40151
EC 205-399-7
Benzyl acetate + glycine combination
BENZYL ACETATE (IARC)
BENZYL ACETATE [IARC]
CAS-140-11-4
ACETATO DE BENCILO
Benzyl acetate, primary pharmaceutical reference standard
?Benzyl acetate
FEMA 2135
J0Z
MFCD00008712
nchem.167-comp5
Acetic acid-benzyl ester
Benzyl acetate, >=99%
BENZYL ACETATE [MI]
WLN: 1VO1R
SCHEMBL43745
BENZYL ACETATE [FCC]
BENZYL ACETATE [FHFI]
BENZYL ACETATE [HSDB]
BENZYL ACETATE [INCI]
BENZYL ACETATE [VANDF]
CHEMBL1233714
AMY3828
NSC4550
Benzyl acetate, analytical standard
HY-N7124
Tox21_201826
Tox21_302841
s5576
Benzyl acetate, >=99%, FCC, FG
AKOS015841099
CCG-266204
CS-W018145
NCGC00090779-01
NCGC00090779-02
NCGC00090779-03
NCGC00256379-01
NCGC00259375-01
LS-13613
A0022
Benzyl acetate, natural, >=99%, FCC, FG
E1501
FT-0621741
Benzyl acetate, Selectophore(TM), >=99.5%
EN300-1267317
Q424223
J-007357
W-200649
Z19628364
InChI=1/C9H10O2/c1-8(10)11-7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6H,7H2,1H
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl ethanoate
Phenylmethyl ethanoate
Acetate, benzyl ester
Acetate, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl ethanoic acid
Phenylmethyl ethanoic acid
Benzyl acetic acid
(Acetoxymethyl)benzene
acetato De bencilo
Acetic acid benzyl ester
Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester
alpha-Acetoxytoluene
Benzyl acetate + glycine combination
Benzyl ester OF acetic acid
Benzylester kyseliny octove
FEMA 2135
Nchem.167-comp5
Phenylmethyl acetate
Plastolin I
(14C)Benzyl acetate
Benzyl (1-14C)acetate
Benzyl (2-14C)acetate
Acetic acid benzyl ester
Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester
alpha-acetoxytoluene
benzyl ethanoate
NCI-C06508
Phenylmethyl acetate
benzyl ethanoate
acetic acid benzyl ester
phenylmethyl acetate
α-acetoxytoluene
phenylmethyl ethanoate
(acetoxymethyl)benzene
Acetato de bencilo
Acetic acid benzyl ester
Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
alpha-Acetoxytoluene
Benzyl acetate + glycine combination
Benzyl acetic acid
Benzyl ester of acetic acid
C9H10O2
Benzyl Ethanoate
Methyl Benzeneacetate
Acetic Acid, Benzyl Ester
140-11-4 (CAS Number)Acetic acid
benzyl esterAcetic acid
phenylmethyl esterBenteine
Benzyl ethanoate
Methyl benzeneacetate
Methyl phenylethanoate
Methyl α-toluate
Phenylmethyl acetate
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Phenylmethyl acetate
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
alpha-Acetoxytoluene
Benzyl acetate (natural)
Benzyl ethanoate
Benzylester kyseliny octove
Phenylmethyl acetate
Phenylmethyl ethanoate
Acetic acid, benzyl ester

Benzyl acetate is the acetate ester of benzyl alcohol.
Benzyl acetate has a role as a metabolite.
Benzyl acetate is an acetate ester and a benzyl ester.

CAS: 140-11-4
MF: C9H10O2
MW: 150.17
EINECS: 205-399-7

Synonyms
Benzyl ester of acetic acid;Benzyl Acetate 140-11-4;benzyl acetater;acetoxymethylbenzene;alpha-Acetoxytoluene;Benzyl Alcohol Impurity 1;Benzyl Alcohol Impurity D;Benzylester kyseliny octove;BENZYL ACETATE;140-11-4;Benzyl ethanoate;Phenylmethyl acetate;Acetic acid benzyl ester;Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester;Acetic acid, benzyl ester;Phenylmethyl ethanoate;alpha-Acetoxytoluene;(Acetoxymethyl)benzene;NCI-C06508;Benzylester kyseliny octove;Caswell No. 081EA;FEMA No. 2135;Benzyl acetate (natural);NSC 4550;Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester;CCRIS 1423;HSDB 2851;Plastolin I;UNII-0ECG3V79ZJ;EINECS 205-399-7;0ECG3V79ZJ;DTXSID0020151;CHEBI:52051;.alpha.-Acetoxytoluene;AI3-01996;NSC-4550;Benzyl ester of acetic acid;Benzyl-23456-d5 Acetate;DTXCID40151;EC 205-399-7;Benzyl acetate + glycine combination;MFCD00008712;BENZYL ACETATE (IARC);BENZYL ACETATE [IARC];CAS-140-11-4;Benzylester kyseliny octove [Czech];ACETATO DE BENCILO;Benzyl acetate, primary pharmaceutical reference standard;Benzyl acetate;FEMA 2135;J0Z;nchem.167-comp5;Acetic acid-benzyl ester;Benzyl acetate, >=99%;BENZYL ACETATE [MI];WLN: 1VO1R;SCHEMBL43745;BENZYL ACETATE [FCC];BENZYL ACETATE [FHFI];BENZYL ACETATE [HSDB];BENZYL ACETATE [INCI];BENZYL ACETATE [VANDF];CHEMBL1233714;AMY3828;NSC4550;Benzyl acetate, analytical standard;HY-N7124;Tox21_201826;Tox21_302841;s5576;Benzyl acetate, >=99%, FCC, FG;AKOS015841099;CCG-266204;CS-W018145;NCGC00090779-01;NCGC00090779-02;NCGC00090779-03;NCGC00256379-01;NCGC00259375-01;LS-13613;A0022;Benzyl acetate, natural, >=99%, FCC, FG;E1501;FT-0621741;NS00002107;Benzyl acetate, Selectophore(TM), >=99.5%;EN300-1267317;Q424223;J-007357;W-200649;Z19628364;InChI=1/C9H10O2/c1-8(10)11-7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6H,7H2,1H

Colorless liquid with an odor of pears.
Benzyl acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula CH3C(O)OCH2C6H5.
Benzyl acetate is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.

Similar to most other esters, Benzyl acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, it finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.
Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.
Benzyl acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Further as a flavoring agent Benzyl acetate is also used to impart jasmine or apple flavors to various cosmetics and personal care products like lotions, hair creams etc.

Benzyl acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees.
Benzyl acetate is collected and used by the bees as an intra-specific pheromone; In apiculture benzyl acetate is used as a bait to collect bees.
Natural sources of Benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple, etc.

Benzyl acetate, also known as benzyl ethanoate or fema 2135, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzyloxycarbonyls.
These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group. Benzyl acetate is a sweet, apple, and apricot tasting compound. Benzyl acetate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within sweet basils.
Benzyl acetate has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as figs, fruits, pomes, tea, and alcoholic beverages.
On high concnetrations benzyl acetate is a potentially toxic compound.
If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water.

Benzyl acetate Chemical Properties
Melting point: -51 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 206 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.054 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 5.1
Vapor pressure: 23 mm Hg ( 110 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.502(lit.)
FEMA: 2135 | BENZYL ACETATE
Fp: 216 °F
Storage temp.: -20°C
Solubility: ≥35.7 mg/mL in EtOH; ≥49.4 mg/mL in DMSO
Form: Liquid
Color: Colorless liquid
Odor: sweet, floral fruity odor
Explosive limit: 0.9-8.4%(V)
Odor Type: floral
Water Solubility: Merck: 14,1123
JECFA Number: 23
BRN: 1908121
Dielectric constant: 5.1（21℃）
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 10 ppm
LogP: 1.96 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 140-11-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
IARC: 3 (Vol. 40, Sup 7, 71) 1999
NIST Chemistry Reference: Benzyl acetate (140-11-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: Benzyl acetate (140-11-4)

Benzyl acetate is a colorless liquid with a fruity odor.
On burning and decomposition, Benzyl acetate produces irritating fumes.
Benzyl acetate reacts with strong oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard.
Benzyl acetate is stable under normal conditions of use.
Heating to decomposition may release carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other potentially toxic fumes and gases.
Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air at elevated temperatures (> 90°C / 194°F).
Avoid heat, open flames and other potential sources of ignition.
Benzyl acetate has been used as a food additive in fruit flavours and as a component of perfumes since the early 1990s and is widely used as a fragrance in soaps, detergents and incense.
There is widespread human exposure to benzyl acetate by ingestion, skin application and inhalation.

Physical properties
Benzyl acetate has a characteristic flowery (jasmine) odor and a bitter, pungent taste.
Benzyl acetate is the main component of jasmine absolute and gardenia oils.
Benzyl acetate occurs as a minor component in a large number of other essential oils and extracts.
Benzyl acetate is a colorless liquid with a strong, fruity, jasmine odor.
In terms of volume, benzyl acetate is one of the most important fragrance and flavor chemicals.
Although benzyl acetate is present in some essential oils at levels up to 65%, most of the commercial product is of synthetic origin.

Uses
Benzyl acetate is used as an artificial jasmine and other perfumes, soap perfume, flavoring agent, solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrate, natural and synthetic resins, oils, lacquers, polishes, printing inks, and varnish removers.
Benzyl acetate can be used as a high boiling point solvent in coatings, like ink coating, binding agent and paint remover.
Benzyl acetate is used in soap and other chemical essences and has the effect of promote in floral and fantasy essences in jasmine, white orchid, fragrant plantain lily, gekkakou, narcissus and other essences.
Benzyl acetate is a plasticizer for ionophore membranes.
Benzyl acetate is produced by reacting benzyl chloride with an alkali acetate or by esterifying benzyl alcohol with acetic anhydride.
Benzyl acetate is also formed in the oxidation of toluene in the presence of acetic acid or acetic anhydride.
Benzyl acetate is one of the most used odorants.
Benzyl acetate is also used as a flavor and, to a small extent, as a high-boiling solvent.

Preparation
Benzyl acetate is produced by the interaction of benzyl chloride and sodiumacetate, by acetylation of benzyl alcohol, or from benzaldehyde and acetic acid with zinc dust.

Reactivity Profile
Benzyl acetate is an ester.
Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids.
Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products.
Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions.
Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides.
Benzyl acetate is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Benzyl acetate is also incompatible with acids, bases and reducing agents.

Health Hazard
Exposures to benzyl acetate cause adverse health effects.
The symptoms of toxicity and poisoning include irritation to the skin, eyes, burning sensation, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, labored breathing, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Benzyl acetate also causes adverse health effects to the respiratory tract and the CNS system with neurological effects.
Harmful if inhaled.
May be harmful if swallowed or absorbed through the skin.
Vapor or mist is irritating to the eyes, mucous membrane and upper respiratory tract.

Benzyl acetate is an aromatic chemical, usually appearing as a clear liquid with a moderate sweet-jasmine fragrance.
Benzyl Acetate appears as a component of some of our fragrance blends.
Benzyl Acetate, is found naturally in many flowers.


CAS Number: 140-11-4
EC Number: 205-399-7
MDL number: MFCD00008712
Chemical formula: C9H10O2 / CH3COOCH2C6H5


Benzyl acetate is a colorless liquid with an odor of pears.
Benzyl acetate is the acetate ester of benzyl alcohol.
Benzyl Acetate has a role as a metabolite.


Benzyl Acetate is an acetate ester and a benzyl ester.
Benzyl acetate is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Tanacetum parthenium, and other organisms with data available.
Benzyl Acetate, an organic compound, is the ester formed by the condensation of acetic acid and benzyl alcohol; it is the main constituent of the essential oils from jasmine flowers.


Benzyl Acetate, is found naturally in many flowers.
Benzyl Acetate is an ester of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl acetate is a synthetic chemical produced for industry from benzyl alcohol and acetic acid but is also naturally present in the essential oils of many plants, including jasmine and ylang ylang.


Benzyl acetate is a synthetic chemical produced for industry from benzyl alcohol and acetic acid, but is also naturally present in the essential oils of many plants, including jasmine and ylang ylang.
Benzyl acetate has a role as a metabolite.


Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.
Benzyl acetate is an acetate ester and a benzyl ester.
Benzyl acetate is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.


Benzyl acetate often appears in fragrances, either as a synthetic additive used as a fixative to help preserve the longevity of a fragrance, or as a natural component of the essential oils used in the fragrance.
An ester with the molecular formula C9H10O2, Benzyl Acetate is naturally found in many flowers and has a sweet, floral odour.


Benzyl Acetate is sweet floral fruity fresh aromatic jasmine ylang powerful thin gardenia muguet lily flowers tuberose lily-of-the-valley violet melon watermelon (musk) strawberry apple apricot banana butter cherry.
Benzyl acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula C9H10O2.


Benzyl acetate is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2.
Benzyl acetate is a flavouring agent Benzyl acetate is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2.
Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.


Natural sources of Benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple.
Benzyl Acetate is sweet floral fruity fresh aromatic jasmine ylang powerful thin gardenia muguet lily flowers tuberose lily-of-the-valley violet melon watermelon (musk) strawberry apple apricot banana butter cherry.


Similar to most other esters, Benzyl Acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, it finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.
Benzyl acetate is found in highest concentration in sweet basils and is detected in figs, fruits, pomes, tea, and alcoholic beverages making benzyl acetate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.


Benzyl acetate is almost inevitably the largest component in Jasmine and Gardenia fragrances, and Benzyl acetate enters in a multitude of other floral fragrance types in smaller proportions.
Benzyl acetate is the primary constituent of the essential oils from the flowers jasmine, ylang-ylang and tobira.


Benzyl Acetate is a constituent of Jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.
Benzyl Acetate is found in a dozen essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth, and gardenia.
Benzyl acetate has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as figs, fruits, pomes, tea, and alcoholic beverages.


Benzyl acetate belongs to the family of Benzyloxycarbonyls.
These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group.
Benzyl acetate is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.


Benzyl acetate is used as a fragrance ingredient and occurs in different plants and fruits, e.g., jasmine, apple, tea, plum, wine grape.
Benzyl acetate is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2.
Benzyl Acetate is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.


Benzyl acetate, also known as benzyl ethanoate or fema 2135, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzyloxycarbonyls.
Benzyl Acetate is in public use since the 1900s.
It was granted GRAS status by FEMA (1965) and is approved by the FDA for food use.


The Council of Europe (1970) listed benzyl acetate, giving an ADI of 5 mg/kg.
Benzyl acetate's poor tenacity is usually compensated for by proper blending with higher esters of Benzyl alcohol, and with suitable fixatives.
Benzyl acetate occurs in jasmine, apple, cherry, guava fruit and peel, wine grape, white wine, tea, plum, cooked rice, Bourbon vanilla, naranjila fruit (Solanum quitoense), Chinese cabbage and quince.


Benzyl acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula C9H10O2.
Benzyl acetate is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
In the industrial odours, the volatility of Benzyl-acetate is often only an advantage.


Very extensively used in perfumery, from the lowest priced industrial odours to the most highly appreciated cosmetic fragrances, often constituting the main ingredient in a perfume oil.
Benzyl acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula C9H10O2.


Benzyl acetate is a neutral compound with a sweet jasmine-like aroma and a sweet, apple, and apricot taste.
Benzyl acetate is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl acetate is an aromatic chemical, usually appearing as a clear liquid with a moderate sweet-jasmine fragrance.


Benzyl acetate appears as a component of some of our fragrance blends.
Benzyl acetate is a chemical substance that acts as a colorless oily liquid with a special jasmine-type aroma.
Often, a synthetic note of benzyl acetate IS used by perfumers – but in reality, benzyl acetate is also found naturally in many flowers, including ylang-ylang, gardenia, hyacinth and jasmine.


Benzyl acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula C9H10O2.
Benzyl acetate is almost inevitably the largest component in Jasmine and Gardenia fragrances, and Benzyl acetate enters in a multitude of other floral fragrance types in smaller proportions.


Benzyl acetate is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl acetate is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl acetate is found in alcoholic beverages.


Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.
Benzyl acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
The Food Chemicals Codex (1972) has a monograph on benzyl acetate, and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (1967) has published a monograph and specification for benzyl acetate, giving an unconditional A D I of 0-5 mg/kg body weight in man.


Benzyl acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Benzyl acetate is an organic ester.
Benzyl acetate is most obviously associated with berry flavors, but just like ethyl lactate last month, Benzyl acetate is rarely part of the character recognition of a specific flavor category.


Benzyl acetate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzyloxycarbonyls.
These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group.
Benzyl acetate's poor tenacity is usually compensated for by proper blending with higher esters of Benzyl alcohol, and with suitable fixatives.


In the industrial odours, the volatility of Benzyl-acetate is often only an advantage.
Benzyl Acetate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Benzyl Acetate, an organic compound, is the ester formed by condensation of acetic acid and benzyl alcohol; Benzyl Acetate is the main constituent of the essential oils from jasmine flowers.
Benzyl acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula C9H10O2.


Benzyl acetate is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl acetate often appears in fragrances, either as a synthetic additive used as a fixative to help preserve the longevity of a fragrance, or as a natural component of the essential oils used in the fragrance.


The IFRA is a self-regulatory representative body of the fragrance industry, dedicated to promoting the safe use of fragrances.
Benzyl acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula CH3C(O)OCH2C6H5.
Benzyl acetate is a sweet, apple, and apricot tasting compound.


Benzyl acetate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within sweet basils.
Benzyl Acetate is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Benzyl acetate can also provide an attractive berry nuance in a wide range of other non-fruit flavor types.


Benzyl acetate, also known as benzyl ethanoate, is an organic ester formed from the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
The dose rates given are the levels suggested for use in flavors that are intended to be dosed at 0.05% in a ready to drink beverage or in a simple bouillon.


Similar to most other esters, Benzyl Acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, it finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.
Benzyl acetate is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Tanacetum parthenium, and other organisms with data available.


Benzyl Acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.
Benzyl acetate is found naturally in many flowers.
Benzyl acetate is the primary constituent of the essential oils from the flowers jasmine, ylang-ylang and tobira.


Benzyl acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Benzyl Acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Smelling Benzyl Acetate is like taking a stroll through a flower shop.


Fragrance creators often make a nature-identical version of Benzyl Acetate in a lab to ensure consistent quality and help preserve the earth’s natural resources.
Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.


Natural sources of Benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple.
Benzyl Acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees.
Benzyl acetate is a colorless liquid with an odor of pears.


Benzyl acetate is the acetate ester of benzyl alcohol.
Benzyl acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Almost insoluble in water, miscible with most solvents such as ethanol, ether, etc.


These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group.
Benzyl acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, Benzyl acetate finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.
The lab-created version can be derived from various resources, including renewable materials.


Benzyl Acetate, an organic compound, is the ester formed by condensation of acetic acid and benzyl alcohol; Benzyl Acetate is the main constituent of the essential oils from jasmine flowers.
Similar to most other esters, Benzyl acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, Benzyl acetate finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.


Benzyl acetate is stable under normal conditions of use.
Benzyl acetate has fruity undertones (peachy, pear-y, banana-y, apple-y), but complements white flowers wonderfully.
So much so that the colourless liquid is actually used in almost all jasmine-based scents.


Similar to most other esters, Benzyl acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, Benzyl acetate finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.
Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.


Benzyl acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Benzyl acetate is another very widely used ester with a somewhat multipurpose character.
Benzyl acetate would be very difficult to imagine a jasmine profile without benzyl acetate but within the flavor realm Benzyl acetate is much less assertive.


The most direct use of benzyl acetate is certainly with berry flavors and Benzyl acetate does play an important role in this category of flavors, but the very attractive fruity/berry character of this ester can, surprisingly, sometimes find an even better home in non-berry fruit flavors, such as peach and passion fruit.


Berry Flavors:
*Raspberry:
Levels of use of benzyl acetate in raspberry flavors vary considerably and can be as high as 5,000 ppm.
*Blackberry:
The same variation in levels of use is equally true for blackberry flavors and my preference for more moderate levels, around 1,000 ppm,.


*Cherry:
Cherry flavors with a heavily dominant benzaldehyde character can benefit from significant additions of benzyl acetate, up to 2,000 ppm, but more subtle and authentic flavors are better served by more moderate additions in the region of 500 ppm.


*Strawberry:
The ester character in strawberry flavors is normally dominated by ethyl butyrate and other bright aliphatic esters.
This can easily result in a lack of Benzyl acetate to the fruity, berry note and a modest addition of this ingredient, up to 500 ppm, can help to correct that.


*Cranberry:
500 ppm of benzyl acetate is also effective in cranberry flavors in a very similar way, deepening and adding authenticity to the berry character.
*Blueberry:
Blueberry and bilberry (wild blueberry) flavors are relatively subtle and the best level of addition of this ingredient is a little lower, around 300 ppm.


*Blackcurrant:
This flavor category exhibits the same type of variability as cherry flavors.
Simplistic, traditional, flavors that rely heavily on buchu oil can benefit from levels of addition of benzyl acetate as high as 2,000 ppm, but more realistic flavors are very different and here levels nearer to 200 ppm function much better.


Other Fruit Flavors:
*Peach:
Benzyl acetate is very helpful in all the many different styles of peach flavors, adding useful depth and fruit character. The ideal level of addition varies but is relatively high, around 4,000 ppm.


*Apricot:
Benzyl acetate plays a very similar role in apricot flavors and is similarly effective in every style of flavor, even including dried apricot flavors, but the best level of use is a little lower, nearer to 2,000 ppm.


*Watermelon:
1,000 ppm of this ingredient also fulfils a very similar function in watermelon flavors and, in the same way as in peach and apricot flavors, Benzyl acetate has a very harmonious relationship with the family of peachy gamma lactones.
Many watermelon flavors veer off in a tutti-frutti direction and higher levels, up to 2,000 ppm can work well in this context.


*Passion Fruit:
Passion fruit flavors can tend to be dominated by ethyl butyrate and other similar bright esters in much the same way as strawberry flavors; and benzyl acetate can also work well to deepen the flavor at 1,000 ppm.


*Pineapple:
This is equally true of pineapple flavors because similar esters are involved but the best effect is achieved at slightly lower levels of addition, around 800 ppm.


*Banana:
Banana flavors can also be easily dominated by aliphatic esters, in this case iso-amyl and related esters.
Benzyl acetate adds welcome depth and complexity at around 500 ppm.


*Mango:
The fruity berry character of benzyl acetate adds complexity and authenticity to all styles of mango flavors.
The best level of addition is in the region of 800 ppm.


*Grape:
All types of grape flavor can benefit substantially from the addition of this ingredient but the effects vary.
Concord grape flavors benefit from a degree of tempering of the core anthranilate notes and 500 ppm is a good level in this context.
Non-Concord type can also all benefit from the enhanced floral notes obtained by using this chemical in conjunction with linalool at around 200 ppm.


Other Flavors:
*Jasmine:
This, more than any other profile in nature, is where benzyl acetate is truly indispensable.
A jasmine flavor without this ingredient would be unthinkable.
The ideal level of addition in jasmine flavors is around 5,000 ppm.


*Brown Sugar and Molasses:
Both these sugar related profiles have a distinct fruity component but Benzyl acetate is normally perceived as more closely related to rum than berries.
Benzyl acetate is actually very effective at deepening and improving the fruity note without changing this overall impression at levels of addition around 500 ppm.


*Vanilla Bean:
The quest to create a realistic vanilla bean flavor is predominantly the search for a great many effective minor ingredients that will function in combination rather than a single magic bullet.
Benzyl acetate can help with the fruity note of vanilla bean extract at around 150 ppm.


*Chocolate:
Similarly, the effect in chocolate flavors is shading rather than anything dramatic but Benzyl acetate works surprisingly well in all the different styles of chocolate flavors at around 100 ppm.


*Hazelnut:
A little of Benzyl acetate can be interesting in all nut flavors but it is especially useful in hazelnut flavors.
Benzyl acetate can add depth and complexity at levels around 100 ppm.


*Walnut:
The fruity berry note of benzyl acetate also works well to give a subtle fruity note to walnut flavors.
The best level of addition is 50 ppm.


*Roast Beef:
The idea of adding benzyl acetate to roast beef flavors, or any other meat flavor, may seem a little deluded but Benzyl acetate is actually surprisingly effective.
Levels of addition around 50 ppm have the effect of adding a realistic and fleshy character.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZYL ACETATE:
Other release to the environment of Benzyl Acetate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.
Benzyl acetate can be used as a high boiling point solvent in coatings, like ink coating, binding agent and paint remover.


Industrially benzyl acetate is used as a medium of extraction in extraction of plastics, resin, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, oils and lacquers.
Benzyl Acetate is used in soap and other chemical essences and has the effect of promote in floral and fantasy essences in jasmine, white orchid, fragrant plantain lily, gekkakou, narcissus and other essences.


Benzyl Acetate is used esters of synthetic fragrances.
Benzyl Acetate is mainly used as a blending fragrance for jasmine, white orchid, jade hairpin, and moonlight fragrance.
Benzyl Acetate has been used as a food additive in fruit flavours and as a component of perfumes since the early 1990s and is widely used as a fragrance in soaps, detergents and incense.


Benzyl Acetate is a plasticizer for ionophore membranes.
Consequently, Benzyl acetate is used widely in perfumery and cosmetics for its aroma and in flavorings to impart apple and pear flavors.
Benzyl Acetate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Further as a flavoring agent Benzyl Acetate is also used to impart jasmine or apple flavors to various cosmetics and personal care products like lotions, hair creams etc.
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, air care products, polishes and waxes, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and cosmetics and personal care products.


Benzyl acetate is used widely in perfumery and cosmetics for its aroma and in flavorings to impart apple and pear flavors.
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, perfumes and fragrances, air care products, polymers, cosmetics and personal care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and polishes and waxes.


Benzyl acetate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, air care products, polishes and waxes, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Benzyl Acetate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.


Consequently, Benzyl acetate is used widely in perfumery and cosmetics for Benzyl acetate's aroma and in flavorings to impart apple and pear flavors.
Benzyl Acetate is widely used in many kinds of fragrances because Benzyl Acetate has the effect of enhancing the fragrance of floral and fantasy fragrances and is inexpensive.


Benzyl Acetate is used as a solvent to resins, plastic, polishes, paints and printing ink etc
Benzyl Acetate, is found naturally in many flowers, Benzyl Acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine, and thus is used widely in perfumery industry, and also as a flavouring agent.


Benzyl Acetate is used as fragrant in cosmetic, soap.
Benzyl Acetate is used production of other organic compounds.
Benzyl Acetate is used in Textile and Dyeing Industry.


Other release to the environment of Benzyl Acetate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).


Benzyl acetate is used as an artificial jasmine and other perfumes, soap perfume, flavoring agent, solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrate, natural and synthetic resins, oils, lacquers, polishes, printing inks, and varnish removers.
Benzyl acetate is used in perfumery and in chemical synthesis; artificial jasmine and other perfumes; flavoring; solvent and high boiler for cellulose acetate and nitrate, natural and synthetic resins, oils, lacquers, polishes, printing inks, and varnish removers.


Similar to most other esters, Benzyl Acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, Benzyl Acetate finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.
Benzyl Acetate is intended to be released from scented: clothes, paper products and CDs.


Benzyl acetate is the main component of jasmine and other infusions, is the fragrance of the fragrance, such as fragrance, Ylang Ylang, and other indispensable fragrances, because of the low cost, mostly used in soap and other industrial flavors. Often used in jasmine, white orchid, jade hairpin, under the moon, narcissus, and other flavors in large quantities can also be used in small quantities in raw pears, apples, bananas, mulberries, and other types of edible flavors.


Other release to the environment of Benzyl acetate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), perfumes and fragrances, polishes and waxes, plant protection products and cosmetics and personal care products.


Benzyl Acetate's poor tenacity is usually compensated for by proper blending with higher esters of Benzyl alcohol, and with suitable fixatives.
In the industrial odors, the volatility of Benzyl- acetate is often only an advantage (Arctander).
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and agriculture, forestry and fishing.


Other release to the environment of Benzyl acetate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.
Benzyl acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Benzyl Acetate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, food products and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).


Benzyl acetate is also used as a solvent in plastics and resin, cellulose acetate, nitrate, oils, lacquers, polishes, and inks.
Other release to the environment of Benzyl Acetate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.


Benzyl acetate is used in soap and other chemical essences and has the effect of promote in floral and fantasy essences in jasmine, white orchid, fragrant plantain lily, gekkakou, narcissus and other essences.
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following products: perfumes and fragrances, washing & cleaning products, air care products, polishes and waxes, cosmetics and personal care products and biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products).


Benzyl Acetate is almost inevitably the largest component in Jasmine and Gardenia fragrances, and Benzyl Acetate enters in a multitude of other floral fragrance types in smaller proportions.
Release to the environment of Benzyl Acetate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Further as a flavoring agent Benzyl Acetate is also used to impart jasmine or apple flavors to various cosmetics and personal care products like lotions, hair creams etc.
Benzyl Acetate is almost inevitably the largest component in Jasmin and Gardenia fragrances, and Benzyl Acetate enters in a multitude of other floral fragrance types in smaller proportions.


The use of benzyl acetate is China’s temporary permission to use edible flavor, can be used to modulate prunes, apples, pineapples, grapes, bananas, strawberries, and other fruity edible flavors, the number of normal production needs, generally in chewing gum 760mg/kg; candy 34mg/kg; baked goods in 22mg/kg; cold drinks in 14mg/kg; soft drinks in 7.8mg/kg. uses 1. Spice use.


Benzyl acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; Benzyl acetate is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study.
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and agriculture, forestry and fishing.


Very extensively used in perfumery, from the lowest priced industrial odors to the most highly appreciated cosmetic fragrances, often constituting the main ingredient in a perfume oil.
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, perfumes and fragrances, air care products, polymers, cosmetics and personal care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and polishes and waxes.


Benzyl Acetate is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Industrially benzyl acetate is used as a medium of extraction in extraction of plastics, resin, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, oils and lacquers.
Benzyl Acetate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, food products and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).


Similar to most other esters, Benzyl acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, it finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.
Very extensively used in perfumery, from the lowest priced industrial odours to the most highly appreciated cosmetic fragrances, often constituting the main ingredient in a perfume oil.


Benzyl Acetate's poor tenacity is usually compensated for by proper blending with higher esters of Benzyl alcohol, and with suitable fixatives.
Benzyl Acetate is mainly used in the preparation of jasmine, peach, apricot, raspberry, strawberry, apple, grape, plum, banana, cherry, pear, pineapple, papaya, cream, and other types of flavors.


Release to the environment of Benzyl Acetate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites.
In the industrial odours, the volatility of Benzyl-acetate is often only an advantage.
Release to the environment of Benzyl Acetate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Benzyl acetate can be used as a high boiling point solvent in coatings, like ink coating, binding agent and paint remover.
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), perfumes and fragrances, polishes and waxes, plant protection products and cosmetics and personal care products.


Similar to most other esters, Benzyl acetate possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, Benzyl acetate finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products.
Benzyl acetate is used for synthesis.


With the progress of science and technology and the development of society, chemical products have invariably permeated our daily lives, in medicine, food, cosmetics, electronics, industry, and other areas, becoming an essential part of our lives. One such product is Benzyl acetate which has developed particularly rapidly in recent years.


Benzyl Acetate is very extensively used in the perfumery, from the lowest-priced industrial odors to the most highly appreciated cosmetic fragrances, often constituting the main ingredient in a perfume oil. Benzyl Acetate is almost inevitably the largest component in Jasmin and Gardenia fragrances, and it enters in a multitude of other floral fragrance types in smaller proportions.


Further as a flavoring agent Benzyl acetate is also used to impart jasmine or apple flavors to various cosmetics and personal care products like lotions, hair creams etc.
Benzyl Acetate's poor tenacity is usually compensated for by proper blending with higher esters of Benzyl alcohol, and with suitable fixatives.


Benzyl Acetate is used fragrance, solvent, good solubility for grease, nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate, etc.
Benzyl Acetate can also dissolve rosin, glycerol trigonelline, coumarone resin, etc.
Therefore, Benzyl Acetate is used as a solvent for shellac, alkyd resin, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, dyestuff, grease, and printing ink.


Benzyl Acetate is frequently used in flavor compositions, for imitation Apple, Apricot, Banana, Butter, Cherry, Peach, Pear, Plum, Pineapple, Quince, Raspberry, Strawberry, Violet, etc. etc. (S. arctander).
Benzyl Acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; Benzyl Acetate is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study.


In the industrial odors, the volatility of Benzyl acetate is often only an advantage.
ommon Applications of Benzyl Acetate: apple, cherry, blueberry, floral, gardenia, hibiscus, passion fruit
Benzyl Acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine, and thus is used widely in perfumery industry, and also as a flavouring agent.


Benzyl Acetate is used in the preparation of jasmine and other floral fragrances and soap fragrances GB2760 – 1996 for the temporary use of edible fragrances allowed.
Benzyl Acetate is also used as a solvent.


Benzyl acetate is used in soap and other chemical essences and has the effect of promote in floral and fantasy essences in jasmine, white orchid, fragrant plantain lily, gekkakou, narcissus and other essences.
Benzyl acetate is a plasticizer for ionophore membranes.


Benzyl Acetate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, food products and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).
Common Applications of Benzyl Acetate: apple, cherry, blueberry, floral, gardenia, hibiscus, passion fruit.
Industrially, Benzyl acetate is used as a medium of extraction in extraction of plastics, resin, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, oils and lacquers.


Further as a flavoring agent Benzyl Acetate is also used to impart jasmine or apple flavors to various cosmetics and personal care products like lotions, hair creams etc.
Benzyl acetate is used for synthesis.


Benzyl Acetate is collected and used by the bees as an intra-specific pheromone.
Benzyl acetate is also used as a solvent in plastics and resin, cellulose acetate, nitrate, oils, lacquers, polishes and inks.
In apiculture, benzyl acetate is used as a bait to collect bees.


Benzyl Acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; Benzyl Acetate is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study.
Natural sources of benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple, etc.


Benzyl acetate is also used as a solvent in plastics and resin, cellulose acetate, nitrate, oils, lacquers, polishes and inks.
Benzyl Acetate is very extensively used in perfumery, from the lowest priced industrial odours to the most highly appreciated cosmetic fragrances, often constituting the main ingredient in a perfume oil.


Benzyl acetate is a plasticizer for ionophore membranes.
Benzyl acetate is used as a flavoring agent to impart jasmine or apple flavors to various cosmetics and personal care products like lotions, hair creams.
Benzyl acetate is found naturally in many flowers.


An ester with the molecular formula C9H10O2, Benzyl acetate is naturally found in many flowers and has a sweet, floral odour.
Consequently, Benzyl acetate is used widely in perfumery and cosmetics for Benzyl acetate's aroma and in flavorings to impart apple and pear flavors.
Benzyl Acetate is also used as a solvent.


Release to the environment of Benzyl Acetate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites.
Benzyl Acetate is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Benzyl Acetate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, food products and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).


Benzyl acetate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Benzyl acetate is intended to be released from scented: clothes, paper products and CDs.


Benzyl Acetate is widespread uses by professional workers.
Found naturally in gardenias and ylang ylang, Benzyl acetate is used in a wide variety of consumer products for Benzyl acetate's robust floral, jasmine aroma.


Benzyl acetate is used as a high boiling point solvent in coatings, like ink coating, binding agent and paint remover.
In perfumery, solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrate.
Benzyl Acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; Benzyl Acetate is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study.


-Solvent aspects of benzyl acetate in water-soluble 0.23% (wt), insoluble in glycerol.
But Benzyl Acetate can be miscible with alcohols, ethers, ketones and ester fatty hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. Benzyl Acetate has good solubility for grease, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, etc.
Benzyl Acetate can also dissolve rosin, glycerol trigonelline, coumarone resin, etc.
Therefore, Benzyl Acetate is used as a solvent for shellac, alkyd resin, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, dyestuff, grease, printing ink, etc.


-Benzyl acetate is found naturally in many flowers.
Benzyl Acetate is the primary constituent of the essential oils from the flowers jasmine, ylang-ylang and tobira.
Benzyl Acetate has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Consequently, Benzyl Acetate is used widely in perfumery and cosmetics for Benzyl Acetate's aroma and in flavorings to impart apple and pear flavors.


-Flavor Profile:
Frequently used in flavor compositions, for imitation Apple, Apricot, Banana, Butter, Cherry, Peach, Pear, Plum, Pineapple, Quince, Raspberry, Strawberry, Violet, etc (Arctander).


-Benzyl Acetate is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees.
Benzyl Acetate is collected and used by the bees as an intra-specific pheromone; In apiculture benzyl acetate is used as a bait to collect bees.
Natural sources of benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple, etc.


-Cosmetic Uses:
*fragrance
*perfuming agents
*solvents



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZYL ACETATE:
Benzyl acetate has a characteristic flowery (jasmine) odor and a bitter, pungent taste.
Benzyl acetate is the main component of jasmine absolute and gardenia oils.
Benzyl acetate occurs as a minor component in a large number of other essential oils and extracts.
Benzyl acetate is a colorless liquid with a strong, fruity, jasmine odor.



PREPARATION OF BENZYL ACETATE:
Benzyl acetate is prepared by esterification of benzyl alcohol with acetic anhydride (e.g., with sodium acetate as a catalyst) or by reaction of benzyl chloride with sodium acetate.
In terms of volume, benzyl acetate is one of the most important fragrance and flavor chemicals.
Although benzyl acetate is present in some essential oils at levels up to 65%, most of the commercial product is of synthetic origin.



OCCURRENCE OF BENZYL ACETATE:
Present as a main constituent in several oils and flower absolutes: ylang-ylang, cananga, neroli, jasmine, hyacinth, gardenia, tuberose.
Benzyl Acetate has been isolated from the essential oil of the flowers of Loiseleuria procumbens Desv.
Also reported found in apricot, cooked asparagus, mozzarella cheese, grilled beef, cooked pork, malt whiskey, fresh mango, malt, wort and clams.



THE ODOUR AND USES OF BENZYL ACETATE:
*Odour=> sweet floral fruity fresh sweet aromatic floral fruity jasmin ylang. Powerful but thin sweet floral fresh and light fruity odor reminiscent of Jasmin Gardenia Muguet Lily and other flowers Very extensively used in perfumery from the lowest priced industrial odors to the most highly appreciated cosmetic fragrances often constituting the main ingredient in a perfume oil

*Perfume-Uses=> Jasmin Gardenia Tuberose Muguet Lily-of-the-Valley Violet Ylang Melon Watermelon Apple Juice Melon (musk) Strawberry Olive Oil Floral-types, Jasmin, Gardenia, Muguet, Lily, Industrial-perfumes, Fixative-effect, Violet, Apple Apricot Banana Butter Cherry Peach Fear Plum Pineapple Quince Raspberry Strawberry Violet Rice, Apple, Apricot, Banana, Butter, Cherry, Peach, Plum, Quince, Raspberry, Strawberry, Chewing-gum, Loiseleuria Procumbens Desv. (azalea) : Jasmine (all types) : Ylang ylang :

*Blends-well-with=> +Acetophenone +Benzyl Isobutyrate +Atractylis +Benzyl Isovalerate +Benzyl Propionate Gums,



PREPARATION OF BENZYL ACETATE:
By interaction of benzyl chloride and sodium acetate; by acetylation of benzyl alcohol, or from benzaldehyde and acetic acid with zinc dust.



COMPOUND TYPE of BENZYL ACETATE:
*Ester
*Ether
*Food Toxin
*Fragrance Toxin
*Household Toxin
*Metabolite
*Natural Compound
*Organic Compound
*Plant Toxin



SUBSTITUENTS of BENZYL ACETATE:
*Benzyloxycarbonyl
*Carboxylic acid ester
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of BENZYL ACETATE:
*Carboxylic acid esters
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZYL ACETATE:
CAS number: 140-11-4
EC number: 205-399-7
Hill Formula: C₉H₁₀O₂
Chemical formula: CH₃COOCH₂C₆H₅
Molar Mass: 150.18 g/mol
HS Code: 2915 39 00
Boiling point: 205 - 207 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.055 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.9 - 8.4 %(V)
Flash point: 95 °C
Ignition temperature: 460 °C
Melting Point: -51 °C
Vapor pressure: 31 hPa (110 °C)
Molar mass: 150.18 g/mol
Appearance: Colourless liquid

Odor: flowery
Density: 1.054 g/ml
Melting point: −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F; 221.7 K)
Boiling point: 212 °C (414 °F; 485 K)
Solubility in water: 0.31 g/100 mL
Solubility: Soluble in benzene, chloroform
Miscible with ethanol, ether, acetone
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -93.18·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.523
Min. Purity Spec: >99% (GC)
Physical Form (at 20°C): Colorless clear liquid
Melting Point: -51°C
Boiling Point: 206 °C
Flash Point: 95 °C
Density: 1.05
Refractive Index: 1.501-1.503
Long-Term Storage: Store long-term in a cool, dry place

Boiling point: 205 - 207 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.055 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.9 - 8.4 %(V)
Flash point: 95 °C
Ignition temperature: 460 °C
Melting Point: -51 °C
Vapor pressure: 31 hPa (110 °C)
Appearance Form: clear, liquid
Colour: colourless
Odour: No data available
Odour Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -51 °C - lit.

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 206 °C - lit.
Flash point: 95 °C - closed cup
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapour pressure: 31 hPa at 110 °C
Vapour density: No data available
Relative density: 1,054 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Water solubility: 0,0001 g/l - slightly soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 1,96 at 25 °C
Auto-ignition temperature: 460 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available

Soluble in:
*ethyl alcohol, 5 vol. of 60% alcohol
*fixed oils
*kerosene
*paraffin oil
*propylene glycol
*water-alcohol mixtures: 30% 1:200, 35% 1:120 40% 1:70 50% 1:20 60% 1:5
*water, 3100 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: glycerin
Stability: non-discoloring in most media
Odor Description:sweet, flowery, fresh and slightly fruity, reminiscent of jasmine, low tenacity
Taste Description:green, dry-powdery, fruity somewhat milky and estery
Useful in: brown nuts, vanilla, fruity citrus, fruity red, fruity yellow, fruity tropical, fruity others, sweet others.



FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Description of first aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Appropriate engineering controls:
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,3 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 57 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZYL ACETATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available
-Other decomposition products:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
(Acetoxymethyl)benzene
.alpha.-Acetoxytoluene
0ECG3V79ZJ
140-11-4
A0022
ACETATO DE BENCILO
Acetic acid benzyl
Acetic acid benzyl ester
Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Acetic acid,phenylmethyl ester
Acetic acid-benzyl ester
AI3-01996
AKOS015841099
alpha-Acetoxytoluene
AMY3828
Benxyl acetate
BENZYL ACETATE
BENZYL ACETATE (IARC)
Benzyl acetate (natural)
Benzyl acetate + glycine combination
BENZYL ACETATE [FCC]
BENZYL ACETATE [FHFI]
BENZYL ACETATE [HSDB]
BENZYL ACETATE [IARC]
BENZYL ACETATE [INCI]
BENZYL ACETATE [MI]
BENZYL ACETATE [VANDF]
Benzyl Acetate Natural
Benzyl acetate, >=99%
Benzyl acetate, >=99%, FCC, FG
Benzyl acetate, analytical standard
Benzyl acetate, natural, >=99%, FCC, FG
Benzyl acetate, primary pharmaceutical reference standard
Benzyl acetate, Selectophore(TM), >=99.5%
Benzyl ester of acetic acid
Benzyl ethanoate
Benzyl-23456-d5 Acetate
benzylacetate
Benzylester kyseliny octove
Benzylester kyseliny octove [Czech]
BZE (CHRIS Code)
CAS-140-11-4
Caswell No. 081EA
CCG-266204
CCRIS 1423
CHEBI:52051
CHEMBL1233714
CS-W018145
DTXCID40151
DTXSID0020151
E1501
EC 205-399-7
EINECS 205-399-7
EN300-1267317
FEMA 2135
FEMA No. 2135
FT-0621741
HSDB 2851
HY-N7124
J-007357
J0Z
MFCD00008712
NCGC00090779-01
NCGC00090779-02
NCGC00090779-03
NCGC00256379-01
NCGC00259375-01
nchem.167-comp5
NCI-C06508
NSC 4550
NSC-4550
NSC4550
Phenylmethyl acetate
Phenylmethyl ethanoate
Plastolin I
Q424223
s5576
SCHEMBL43745
STL283809
Tox21_201826
Tox21_302841
UNII-0ECG3V79ZJ
W-200649
WLN: 1VO1R
Z19628364
Acetic acid benzyl ester
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl ethanoate
Acetic Acid Phenylmethyl Ester
Benzyl Alcohol Acetate
(Acetoxymethyl)benzene
Benzyl Ethanoate
NSC 4550
Phenylmethyl Pcetate
α-Acetoxytoluene;
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl ethanoate
Phenylmethyl ethanoate
Acetate, benzyl ester
Acetate, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl ethanoic acid
Phenylmethyl ethanoic acid
Benzyl acetic acid
Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Phenylmethyl acetate
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
alpha-Acetoxytoluene
Benzyl acetate (natural)
Benzyl ethanoate
Benzylester kyseliny octove
Phenylmethyl acetate
Phenylmethyl ethanoate
Acetic acid, benzyl ester
Acetic Acid Phenylmethyl Ester
Benzyl Alcohol Acetate
(Acetoxymethyl)benzene
Benzyl Ethanoate
NSC 4550
Phenylmethyl Pcetate
α-Acetoxytoluene
C9H10O2, Benzyl Ethanoate
Methyl Benzeneacetate
Acetic Acid, Benzyl Ester

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is a colorless liquid with a sweet, fruity, and floral aroma.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is known for its pleasant scent reminiscent of jasmine and pears.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is a clear and transparent liquid that is soluble in various organic solvents.

CAS Number: 140-11-4
EC Number: 205-399-7

Acetic Acid Benzyl Ester, Benzenemethanol Acetate, Benzyl Ethanoate, Benzyl Acetic Ester, Phenylmethyl Acetate, Acetoxymethylbenzene, Benzyl Ester of Acetic Acid, Phenylmethyl Ethanoate, Benzyl Monacetate, Benzyl Alcohol Acetate, Acetate de Benzyle (French), Ethanoic Acid Benzyl Ester, Essigsaeurebenzylester (German), Acetyl Methyl Carbinol, Benzoic Acid Methyl Ester, Acetic Ester of Benzyl Alcohol, Acetylbenzene, Phenylcarbinyl Acetate, Essence of Jasmine, Acetic Acid Phenylmethyl Ester, Benzylester Kyseliny Octove (Czech), Essence of Pear, Acetate De Benzyle (French), Acetic Acid Phenylmethyl Ester, Essence of White Champaca, Acetic Acid, Benzyl Ester, Methyl Phenyl Carbinyl Acetate, Benzene Methanol Acetate, Benzyl Alcohol Acetic Ester, Phenylmethyl Acetic Ester, Pear Oil, Acetate de Benzyle (French), Benzyl Acetate, Synthetic, Acetic Acid, Benzyl Ester, Acetylbenzene, Phenylmethyl Acetate, Acetoxymethylbenzene, Acetylbenzene, Benzyl Ethanoate, Benzyl Ester of Acetic Acid, Phenylmethyl Ethanoate, Benzyl Monacetate, Benzyl Alcohol Acetate, Acetate de Benzyle (French), Ethanoic Acid Benzyl Ester, Acetyl Methyl Carbinol, Benzoic Acid Methyl Ester, Acetic Ester of Benzyl Alcohol, Acetylbenzene, Phenylcarbinyl Acetate, Essence of Jasmine



APPLICATIONS


Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is extensively used in the fragrance industry for its sweet and floral aroma.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is a common ingredient in perfumes, adding a pleasant and enduring note to various scents.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is utilized in the formulation of scented candles, providing a delicate fragrance.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is employed in air fresheners to create a fresh and inviting atmosphere.
In the cosmetic industry, it is a key component in the production of scented lotions and creams.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) finds applications in the creation of fine fragrances, contributing to complex olfactory profiles.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is often used in the formulation of bath products, such as soaps and shower gels.
Its fruity and floral notes make it suitable for use in scented body sprays and mists.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is utilized in the production of scented hair care products, including shampoos and conditioners.

Benzyl Acetate is employed in the flavor industry, enhancing the taste of various food and beverage products.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is a common additive in the flavoring of baked goods, confectionery, and beverages.

The compound is used in the production of flavored syrups and fruit-based desserts.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Benzyl Acetate may be used as a flavoring agent in medications.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is utilized in the creation of scented household cleaning products for a pleasant cleaning experience.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is a valuable component in the manufacturing of scented laundry detergents and fabric softeners.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is employed in the formulation of scented sachets and potpourri for fragrance enhancement.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is used in the production of scented oils and diffusers for home fragrance applications.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is a popular choice in the formulation of scented personal care products, such as deodorants.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) may be found in scented insect repellents, providing a pleasant alternative to typical formulations.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is used in the creation of scented industrial and institutional cleaning products.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is employed in the formulation of scented automotive products, such as air fresheners for cars.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is utilized in the production of scented paints and coatings for a subtle aroma.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is a common ingredient in the manufacturing of scented markers, pens, and other stationery items.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) finds applications in the fragrance of personal accessories, such as scented jewelry and accessories.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is used in various scented products, contributing to a wide range of olfactory experiences across different industries.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is employed in the production of scented pet care products, such as shampoos and grooming sprays.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) finds applications in the creation of scented candles for aromatherapy purposes, promoting relaxation and stress relief.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is used in the formulation of scented massage oils and aromatherapy blends for therapeutic benefits.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) contributes to the fragrance profile of scented skincare products, including creams and lotions.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is a common additive in the production of scented baby care products, such as shampoos and lotions.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is utilized in the creation of scented sunscreens and after-sun care products.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) may be found in scented fabric softener sheets and dryer sachets for enhanced laundry fragrance.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is used in the formulation of scented sachets for drawers and closets, imparting a pleasant aroma to clothing.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is employed in the creation of scented craft supplies, such as scented markers and paints.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is utilized in the fragrance industry to replicate and enhance natural floral scents in perfumery.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is used in the formulation of scented wax melts and tarts for home fragrance through wax warmers.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is added to scented potpourri blends for long-lasting and consistent fragrance release.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) contributes to the formulation of scented cosmetic wipes, enhancing the user experience.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is used in the creation of scented hair mists and sprays for a subtle and refreshing fragrance.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) finds applications in scented body powders, providing an additional layer of fragrance.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is employed in the production of scented facial cleansers and wipes for a pleasant skincare routine.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is used in the formulation of scented room sprays, allowing for quick and convenient fragrance application.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) may be utilized in the production of scented hand sanitizers for a pleasant and functional experience.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) contributes to the fragrance of scented greeting cards and paper products.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is added to scented ink formulations, allowing for fragrant writing experiences with scented pens.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is utilized in the creation of scented adhesive products, such as scented tapes and labels.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is used in the formulation of scented beauty sponges and applicators.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) contributes to the fragrance of scented home décor items, including scented ornaments and decorations.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is employed in the creation of scented bookmarks and literary-themed products.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) finds applications in the production of scented art supplies, including scented paints and markers.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is utilized in the formulation of scented shower gels and bath products, enhancing the bathing experience.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is a key ingredient in scented air fresheners and room sprays for both residential and commercial spaces.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is added to scented hand creams and lotions, providing a fragrant touch to skincare routines.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) finds applications in scented hand soaps, contributing to a pleasant handwashing experience.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is used in the production of scented body washes and foaming cleansers for a refreshing shower experience.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is employed in the formulation of scented sleep aids, such as scented pillows and linen sprays.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is added to scented bath bombs and fizzies for an aromatic and luxurious bath.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is used in the creation of scented fabric refresher sprays, providing a quick and effective way to freshen up textiles.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) finds applications in scented lip balms and glosses, adding a delightful fragrance to lip care products.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) contributes to the formulation of scented hair perfumes, offering a subtle and lasting hair fragrance.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is used in scented body scrubs and exfoliants, enhancing the sensory experience of skincare routines.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is employed in the creation of scented massage candles, combining fragrance with a relaxing massage oil.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is added to scented foot creams and lotions for a soothing and aromatic foot care experience.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) finds applications in scented sleep masks and eye pillows, promoting relaxation and better sleep quality.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is used in the formulation of scented fabric softeners and laundry detergents, infusing clothing with a pleasant aroma.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) contributes to the fragrance of scented hair conditioners, leaving hair with a subtle and pleasing scent.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is employed in scented skincare masks, offering both skincare benefits and a pleasant aroma.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is added to scented nail polishes and removers for a fragrant touch to nail care routines.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) finds applications in scented body powders, providing a light and refreshing fragrance.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is used in the creation of scented skincare sheet masks, combining skincare with aromatherapy.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) contributes to the formulation of scented insect repellents, making them more pleasant to use.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is added to scented hair serums and oils, providing both nourishment and fragrance to the hair.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is employed in the creation of scented skincare mists for quick and refreshing fragrance application.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is used in scented antiperspirants and deodorants for a subtle and long-lasting freshness.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) finds applications in scented facial mists and spritzers, offering a burst of fragrance for a revitalizing experience.



DESCRIPTION


Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is a colorless liquid with a sweet, fruity, and floral aroma.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is known for its pleasant scent reminiscent of jasmine and pears.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is a clear and transparent liquid that is soluble in various organic solvents.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is commonly used in the fragrance industry for its appealing and versatile scent profile.

The aroma of Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is often described as delicate, fresh, and slightly balsamic.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is a key component in many perfumes, colognes, and scented personal care products.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) contributes a smooth and sweet fragrance, making it popular in floral compositions.
The scent of Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is often associated with a sense of relaxation and tranquility.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is found naturally in essential oils, such as jasmine, ylang-ylang, and gardenia.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is widely utilized to add a sweet and fruity note to various cosmetic formulations.
The versatility of its fragrance makes Benzyl Acetate a valuable ingredient in air fresheners.
In addition to its use in perfumery, Benzyl Acetate is employed in the flavoring of food products.

The aroma of Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is subtle and enduring, providing a lingering freshness.
This ester is known for its excellent stability, both in terms of scent and chemical properties.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is often chosen for its ability to impart a natural and sophisticated fragrance.

Its pleasant scent makes it a preferred choice in the formulation of scented candles.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is carefully synthesized to ensure a high level of purity in its fragrance profile.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester)'s fragrance is characterized by a harmonious blend of sweetness and floral tones.

In the world of aromatherapy, Benzyl Acetate is appreciated for its calming and soothing properties.
The light and airy scent of Benzyl Acetate adds a touch of elegance to personal care products.

Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is used in the creation of fine fragrances, capturing the essence of blooming flowers.
Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) is prized for its ability to enhance the overall olfactory experience in various applications.
The delicate and uplifting fragrance of Benzyl Acetate contributes to a sense of well-being.

The synthesis of Benzyl acetate (acetic acid benzyl ester) involves the esterification of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Whether in perfumery, cosmetics, or air care, Benzyl Acetate brings a subtle and sophisticated aromatic dimension to diverse products.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C9H10O2
Molecular Weight: 150.17 g/mol
Physical State: Colorless liquid
Odor: Sweet, fruity, floral
Solubility: Soluble in organic solvents, slightly soluble in water
Boiling Point: 213-214 °C (415-417 °F)
Melting Point: -51 °C (-60 °F)
Density: 1.055 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Refractive Index: 1.5045
Flash Point: 93 °C (199 °F) (closed cup)
Vapor Pressure: 0.3 mmHg at 25 °C
Vapor Density: 5.18 (air = 1)
Viscosity: 0.98 cP at 25 °C
Surface Tension: 31.4 dyn/cm at 25 °C
Acidity (pKa): 4.15 (estimated)
Flammability: Flammable liquid
Autoignition Temperature: 473 °C (883 °F)
Partition Coefficient (log P): 2.13 (estimated)
Boiling Range: 213-214 °C
Specific Gravity: 1.056 at 20 °C
Evaporation Rate: Not available
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Purity: Commercially available in various purities
Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling conditions
Miscibility: Miscible with most common organic solvents



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If Benzyl Acetate vapors are inhaled and respiratory irritation occurs, move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention promptly.
Administer artificial respiration if the person is not breathing.
Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath develop.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected skin with plenty of water and mild soap for at least 15 minutes.
If skin irritation, redness, or rash develops, seek medical attention.
If Benzyl Acetate is molten and causes burns, immediately cool the affected area with cold water. Seek medical attention if necessary.


Eye Contact:

If Benzyl Acetate comes into contact with the eyes, rinse them gently with water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Remove contact lenses if easily removable after initial rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist.


Ingestion:

If Benzyl Acetate is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Seek immediate medical attention, providing details about the ingested substance and its concentration.


General First Aid Advice:

Keep affected individuals calm to reduce stress.
If there are respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms, seek medical attention promptly.
Provide first aid personnel with access to the safety data sheet (SDS) for the specific Benzyl Acetate product.
If seeking medical attention, bring the product container or label to assist healthcare professionals in providing appropriate treatment.
For large spills or exposures, contact emergency services for professional assistance.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical advice.
If symptoms persist or if there is uncertainty about the appropriate first aid measures, seek medical advice promptly.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear suitable protective clothing, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat.
Use respiratory protection if handling Benzyl Acetate in conditions where airborne exposure is possible.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area, or use local exhaust ventilation to minimize inhalation exposure.
Use fume hoods or other engineering controls when handling Benzyl Acetate in enclosed spaces.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid direct skin and eye contact with the undiluted product.
If contact occurs, follow the first aid measures specified in the SDS.

Handling Procedures:
Follow good industrial hygiene practices, including regular handwashing.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Benzyl Acetate.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
In the event of a spill, contain the material and prevent it from entering drains or waterways.
Clean up spills using absorbent materials, and dispose of waste in accordance with local regulations.

Responsible Handling:
Designate trained personnel for handling Benzyl Acetate.
Provide employees with proper training on the safe handling and use of the substance.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store Benzyl Acetate in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.

Temperature Control:
Store at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures that could compromise the stability of the product.

Compatibility:
Store Benzyl Acetate away from incompatible materials and substances.
Follow the manufacturer's recommendations regarding compatibility with other chemicals.

Container Material:
Use containers made of materials compatible with Benzyl Acetate.
Check for container integrity regularly to prevent leaks or spills.

Handling of Containers:
Handle containers with care to prevent damage.
Do not drag or slide containers, as this may cause damage and compromise integrity.

Labeling:
Ensure proper labeling of containers with product names, hazard information, and handling instructions.
Clearly mark storage areas with appropriate signage.

Regular Inspections:
Periodically inspect storage areas for any signs of damage, leaks, or deterioration.
Dispose of damaged or deteriorated containers appropriately.

Emergency Response Information:
Keep emergency response information, such as contact numbers for emergency services and relevant healthcare professionals, readily available.

Benzenemethanoic acid; Carboxybenzene; Acide benzoique; Acido benzoico; Benzenecarboxylic acid; Benzeneformic acid; Benzoate; Benzoesaeure; Carboxybenzene; Dracylic acid; Flowers of benjamin; Flowers of benzoin; Phenylcarboxylic acid; Phenylformic acid; Salvo liquid; Salvo powder; Benzoesäure; ácido benzoico; Acide benzoïque; Kyselina benzoova; Dracylic acid CAS NO:65-85-0

Phenylcarbinol is also known as benzyl alcohol.
Benzyl alcohol's chemical formula is C6H5CH2OH and its density is 1.045 g/mL at 25 ° C (lit).
Benzyl alcohol is one of the simplest fatty alcohol containing phenyl.

CAS: 100-51-6
MF: C7H8O
MW: 108.14
EINECS: 202-859-9

Benzyl alcohol can be seen as benzene substituted by hydroxymethyl, or methyl alcohol substituted by phenyl.
Benzyl alcohol is a colorless transparent sticky liquid with faint aroma.
Sometimes Benzyl alcohol is placed for a long time, it will smells like bitter almond flavor because of oxidation.
Polarity, low toxicity and low steam, so Benzyl alcohol is used as alcohol solvent.
Benzyl alcohol is combustible, and slightly soluble in water (about 25ml of water soluble 1 gram of benzyl alcohol).
Benzyl alcohol is miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents.
Benzyl alcohol mainly exists in the form of free or ester in essential oil, such as jasmine oil, ylang-ylang oil, jasmine oil, hyacinth oil, sesame oil, hyacinths balsam, peru balsam and tolu balsam, which all contain this ingredient.

Benzyl alcohol should not be stored for a long time.
Benzyl alcohol can be slowly oxidized to benzaldehyde and anisole in the air.
Therefore benzyl alcohol products often smell like almond aroma with characteristic of benzaldehyde.
In addition, benzyl alcohol is also easily oxidized to benzoic acid by many kinds of antioxidants such as nitric acid.
Benzyl alcohol is a component catalyst for epoxy resins.
Benzyl alcohol is also contained in the color developer C-22.
Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.

Benzyl alcohol has a role as a solvent, a metabolite, an antioxidant and a fragrance.
An aromatic primary alcohol.
Benzyl alcohol is synthesized by Cannizzaro’s reaction, which involves the simultaneous oxidation and reduction of benzenecarbaldehyde (benzaldehyde) by refluxing in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide:
2C6H5CHO → C6H5CH2OH + C6H5COOH

Benzyl alcohol undergoes the reactions characteristic of alcohols, especially those in which the formation of a stable carbonium ion as an intermediate (C6H5CH2 +) enhances the reaction.
Substitution onto the benzene ring is also possible; the –CH2OH group directs into the 2- or 4-position by the donation of electrons to the ring.
Benzyl alcohol (also known as α-cresol) is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH.
The benzyl group is often abbreviated "Bn" (not to be confused with "Bz" which is used for benzoyl), thus benzyl alcohol is denoted as BnOH.

Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor.
Benzyl alcohol is a useful as a solvent for its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure.
Benzyl alcohol has moderate solubility in water (4 g/100 mL) and is miscible in alcohols and diethyl ether.
The anion produced by deprotonation of the alcohol group is known as benzylate or benzyloxide.
Benzyl alcohol is produced naturally by many plants and is commonly found in fruits and teas.
Benzyl alcohol is also found in a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth and ylang-ylang.
Benzyl alcohol is also found in castoreum from the castor sacs of beaver.
Benzyl esters also occur naturally.

Benzyl alcohol Chemical Properties
Melting point: -15 °C
Boiling point: 205 °C
Density: 1.045 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: 3.7 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 13.3 mm Hg ( 100 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.539(lit.)
FEMA: 2137 | BENZYL ALCOHOL
Fp: 201 °F
Storage temp.: Store at +2°C to +25°C.
Solubility H2O: 33 mg/mL, clear, colorless
Form: Liquid
Pka: 14.36±0.10(Predicted)
Color: APHA: ≤20
Relative polarity: 0.608
Odor: Mild, pleasant.
Odor Type: floral
Explosive limit: 1.3-13%(V)
Water Solubility: 4.29 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,1124
JECFA Number: 25
BRN: 878307
Henry's Law Constant: Exposure limits No exposure limit is set. Because of its low vapor pressure and low toxicity, the health hazard to humans from occupational exposure should be very low.
InChIKey: WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.05 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 100-51-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Benzyl alcohol(100-51-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: Benzyl alcohol (100-51-6)

Benzyl alcohol has a characteristic pleasant, fruity odor and a slightly pungent, sweet taste; the note tends to become similar to that of benzyl aldehyde on aging.
Slightly soluble in water, and miscible with alcohol, ether, chloroform and so on.
Benzyl alcohol occurs in many essential oils and foods.
Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a weak, slightly sweet odor.
Benzyl alcohol can be oxidized to benzaldehyde, for example, with nitric acid.
Dehydrogenation over a copper–magnesium oxide–pumice catalyst also leads to the aldehyde.
Esterification of benzyl alcohol results in a number of important fragrance and flavor materials.
Diphenylmethane is prepared by a Friedel–Crafts reaction of benzyl alcohol and benzene with aluminum chloride or concentrated sulfuric acid.
By heating benzyl alcohol in the presence of strong acids or strong bases, dibenzyl ether is formed.
Colorless, hygroscopic, air sensitive liquid with a faint, pleasant, aromatic odor.
Odor threshold concentration in water is 10 ppm.

Reactions
Like most alcohols, Benzyl alcohol reacts with carboxylic acids to form esters.
In organic synthesis, benzyl esters are popular protecting groups because they can be removed by mild hydrogenolysis.
Benzyl alcohol reacts with acrylonitrile to give N-benzylacrylamide.
Benzyl alcohol is an example of a Ritter reaction:
C6H5CH2OH + NCCHCH2 → C6H5CH2N(H)C(O)CHCH2

Uses
Benzyl alcohol is a colorless clear oily liquid; its odor type is floral and its odor at 100% is described as 'floral rose phenolic balsamic'.
Benzyl alcohol is used in cosmetics as afragrance component, preservative, solvent and diluting agent for perfumes and flavors, and viscosity-decreasing agent.
Benzyl alcohol is used as a solvent for surface-coating materials, cellulose esters and ethers, alkyd resins,acrylic resins, fats, dyestuffs,casein (when hot), gelatin, shellac and waxes.
Benzyl alcohol is added in small amounts to surface-coating materials to improve their flow and gloss.
In the textile industry, benzyl alcohol is used as anauxiliary in the dyeing of wool, polyamides, and polyesters.

In pharmacy Benzyl alcohol is used as a local anesthetic ingredient in over-the-counter anorectal, oral healthcare and topical analgesic drug products and, because of its antimicrobial effect, as an ingredient of ointments and other preparations (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
Benzyl alcohol is also a starting material for the preparation of numerous benzyl esters that are used as odorants, flavors, stabilizers for volatile perfumes, and plasticizers and is also employed in the extractive distillation of m- and p-xylenes and m- and p-cresols.
Other uses include or have included heat-sealing of polyethylene films,in color photography as a development accelerator and in microscopy as embedding material (U.S.National Library of Medicine).

Esters of benzyl alcohol are used in makingperfume, soap, flavoring, lotion, and ointment.
Benzyl alcohol finds application in color photography;the pharmaceuticals industry, cosmetics,and leather dyeing; and as an insect repellent.
Benzyl alcohol occurs in natural products such as oils ofjasmine and castoreum.
Benzyl alcohol is widely used as a solvent for the dielectrophoretic reconfiguration of nanowires, inks, paints, lacquers and epoxy resin coatings and as a precursor to a variety of esters used in soaps, perfumes and flavoring.
Benzyl alcohol is employed as a local anesthetic which reduces the pain associated with lidocaine injection.
Benzyl alcohol has a various applications in baby products, bath products, soaps and detergents, eye makeup, blushers, cleansing products, make up products as well as hair, nail and skin care products.

Benzyl alcohol is a preservative against bacteria, used in concentrations of 1 to 3 percent.
Benzyl alcohol can cause skin irritation.
Benzyl alcohol is used as a general solvent for inks, waxes, shellacs, paints, lacquers, and epoxy resin coatings.
Thus Benzyl alcohol can be used in paint strippers, especially when combined with compatible viscosity enhancers to encourage the mixture to cling to painted surfaces.
Benzyl alcohol is a precursor to a variety of esters and ethers, used in the soap, perfume, and flavor industries. E.g. benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, benzyl cinnamate, dibenzyl ether, benzyl butyl phthalate.
Benzyl alcohol can be used as a local anesthetic, especially with epinephrine.
As a dye solvent, Benzyl alcohol enhances the process of dying wool, nylon, and leather.

Use in health care
Benzyl alcohol is used as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications, cosmetics, and topical drugs.
Some caution is necessary if a high percent of Benzyl alcohol is used as benzaldehyde arises from benzyl alcohol when used as preservative in an injectable formulation solution.
Benzyl alcohol, sold under the brand name Ulesfia, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2009, as a 5% solution for the treatment of head lice in people 6 months of age and older.

Benzyl alcohol affects the louse's spiracles, preventing them from closing.
These then become clogged with water or mineral oil or other matter and cause the insect to die from asphyxiation.
Benzyl alcohol is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% benzyl alcohol.
Benzyl alcohol is an ingredient used in the manufacture of soaps, topical creams, skin lotions, shampoos, and facial cleansers and is popular due to its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.
Benzyl alcohol is a common ingredient in a variety of household products.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Benzyl alcohol is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics, foods, and a wide range of pharmaceutical formulations, including oral and parenteral preparations, at concentrations up to 2.0% v/v.
The typical concentration used is 1% v/v, and it has been reported to be used in protein, peptide and small molecule products, although its frequency of use has fallen from 48 products in 1996, 30 products in 2001, to 15 products in 2006.
In cosmetics, concentrations up to 3.0% v/v may be used as a preservative.
Concentrations of 5% v/v or more are employed as a solubilizer, while a 10% v/v solution is used as a disinfectant.

Benzyl alcohol 10% v/v solutions also have some local anesthetic properties, which are exploited in some parenterals, cough products, ophthalmic solutions, ointments, and dermatological aerosol sprays.
Although widely used as an antimicrobial preservative, benzyl alcohol has been associated with some fatal adverse reactions when administered to neonates.
Benzyl alcohol is now recommended that parenteral products preserved with benzyl alcohol, or other antimicrobial preservatives, should not be used in newborn infants if at all possible.

Preparation
Benzyl alcohol is produced industrially from toluene via benzyl chloride, which is hydrolyzed:
C6H5CH2Cl + H2O → C6H5CH2OH + HCl
Another route entails hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, a by-product of the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid.
For laboratory use, Grignard reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide (C6H5MgBr) with formaldehyde and the Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde also give benzyl alcohol.
The latter also gives benzoic acid, an example of an organic disproportionation reaction.

Production Method
1.Benzyl chloride with potassium or sodium is heated for a long timg, and hydrolyzes to yield benzyl alcohol.
2.Benzaldehyde in methanol and sodium hydroxide solution react to benzyl alcohol at 65~75 ℃.
The product has high purity.
3.Using benzyl chloride as raw materials, it is heated and hydrolyzes to yield benzyl alcohol in the presence of the sodium catalyst.
Specification of spices benzyl alcohol(QB792-81): the relative density of 1.041-1.046; refractive index of 1.538-1.541; boiling range 203-206℃ and distillate volume more than 95%; dissolving completely in 30 volumes of distilled water; containing more than 98 percent of alcohol; chlorine test (NF) as the side reaction.
Raw material consumption quota: benzyl chloride 1600kg/t; soda ash 1000kg/t.

4.Benzyl alcohol exists naturally in orange flower, ylang-ylang, jasmine, gardenia, acacia, lilac and hyacinth.
Benzyl chloride or benzaldehyde is used as raw materials to prepare benzyl alcohol in the industry.
5.Add chlorobenzyl to 12% sodium carbonate solution, heat to 93 ℃ and stir for 5h.
Then warm the mixture to 101~103℃ and react for 10h.
After the reaction, cool it to the room temperature, and add salt to saturation.
After still standing for stratification, take the upper liquid and get crude products through pressure distillation.
Then refine to gain the target products.
The yield is 70%～72%.
C6H5CH2Cl+H2O[Na2CO3]→C6H5CH2OH+NaCl+CO2↑
In the presence of sodium hydroxide, formaldehyde and benzaldehyde react to produce benzyl alcohol by disproportionation reaction.
C6H5CHO+HCHO[NaOH]→C6h5CH2OH+HCOONa

Health Hazard
Benzyl alcohol is a low acute toxicant witha mild irritation effect on the skin.
Theirritation in 24 hours from the pure compoundwas mild on rabbit skin and moderateon pig skin.
A dose of 750 μg producedsevere eye irritation in rabbits.
The toxicityof benzyl alcohol is of low order,the effects varying with the species.
Oralintake of high concentrations of this compoundproduced behavioral effects in rats.
The symptoms progressed from somnolenceand excitement to coma.
Intravenous administrationin dogs produced ataxia, dyspnea,diarrhea, and hypermotility in the animals.
Adult and neonatal mice treated with benzyl alcohol exhibited behavioral change,including sedation, dyspnea, and loss ofmotor function.
Pretreatment with pyrazoleincreased the toxicity of benzyl alcohol.
Withdisulfiram the toxicity remained unchanged.
The study indicated that the acute toxicitywas due to the alcohol itself andnot to bezaldehyde, Benzyl alcohol's primary metabolite.

Synonyms
benzyl alcohol
phenylmethanol
benzenemethanol
100-51-6
phenylcarbinol
Benzoyl alcohol
benzylalcohol
Benzenecarbinol
Phenylmethyl alcohol
Hydroxytoluene
alpha-Toluenol
(Hydroxymethyl)benzene
Phenolcarbinol
Benzal alcohol
benzylic alcohol
Alcool benzylique
Benzylicum
Methanol, phenyl-
Phenylcarbinolum
alpha-hydroxytoluene
hydroxymethylbenzene
Bentalol
Euxyl K 100
Ulesfia
Phenyl Methanol
Phenyl-Methanol
BENZYL-ALCOHOL
Caswell No. 081F
66072-40-0
alcoholum benzylicum
Benzyl alcohol (natural)
FEMA No. 2137
Benzylalkohol
Alcohol,benzyl
NCI-C06111
.alpha.-Hydroxytoluene
Alcool benzilico
Aromatic alcohol
Alcohol, Benzyl
Alcohol bencilico
.alpha.-Toluenol
Alcool benzilico [DCIT]
Itch-X
NSC 8044
HSDB 46
benzenmethanol
Benzalalcohol
Benzalcohol
CCRIS 2081
Aromatic primary alcohol
Alcoolbenzylique
Alcool benzylique [INN-French]
Benzyl alkohol
Alcohol bencilico [INN-Spanish]
Methanol benzene
Alcoholum benzylicum [INN-Latin]
UNII-LKG8494WBH
Alcohol benzylicus
NSC-8044
EINECS 202-859-9
BnOH
LKG8494WBH
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009502
BRN 0878307
Sunmorl BK 20
DTXSID5020152
CHEBI:17987
INS NO.1519
AI3-01680
INS-1519
MFCD00004599
Hydroxymethyl resin (100-200 mesh)
TOLUENE,ALPHA-HYDROXY
benzyl alcohol (ring-13c6)
DTXCID70152
Benzyl alcohol (Benzenemethanol)
E-1519
EC 202-859-9
4-06-00-02222 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BENZYL-ALPHA,ALPHA-D2 ALCOHOL
NCGC00091865-01
BENZYL ALCOHOL (II)
BENZYL ALCOHOL [II]
185532-71-2
MBN
BENZYL ALCOHOL (MART.)
BENZYL ALCOHOL [MART.]
Alcool benzylique (INN-French)
BENZYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS)
BENZYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS]

Benzyl alcohol is a clear alcohol with a mild sweet fragrance.
Benzyl alcohol is a synthetic chemical produced for industry, however it can be found naturally in some plants, fruits, tea, and wines.


CAS Number: 100-51-6
EC Number: 202-859-9
E number: E1519 (additional chemicals)
Molecular Formula: C7H8O / C6H5CH2OH



SYNONYMS:
Benzylalkohol, alcohol benzylicus,Phenylcarbinolum, Phenylmethanol, Benzylic Alcohol, Benzylalcohol, Benzyl Alcohol, alcoholum benzylicum, alcool benzylique, alpha-Hydroxytoluene, alpha-toluenol, Aromatic alcohol, benzenecarbinol, Benzenemethanol, benzyl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Benzylalkohol, benzylic alcohol, (hydroxymethyl)benzene, Hydroxymethylbenzene, Phenylcarbinol, phenylmethanol, Phenylmethanol, phenylmethyl alcohol, Benzenemethanol, α-Hydroxytoluene, α-Toluenol, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Benzenecarbinol, Phenylcarbinol, Phenylmethanol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, Methanol, phenyl-, NCI-C06111, Hydroxytoluene, Bentalol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzenmethanol, Benzylic alcohol, Methanol benzene, NSC 8044, Benzyl Alkohol, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, .alpha.-Hydroxytoluene, .alpha.-Toluenol, AB1002552, AC1L18SY, AC1Q7C20, AKOS000119907, Alcohol bencilico, Alcohol, Benzyl, Alcool benzilico, Alcool benzilico [DCIT], Alcool benzylique, Aromatic alcohol, Aromatic primary alcohol, B2378, BB_SC-7027, BENZYL ALCOHOL, ACS, BENZYL ALCOHOL, U.S.P./N.F., BENZYL-ALCOHOL, Benzal alcohol, Benzencarbinol, Benzene Carbinol, Benzenecarbinol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzyl Alcohole, Benzylalkohol, Benzylicum, Euxyl K 100, Hydroxytoluene, Itch-X, Jsp000133, Methanol, phenyl-, NCI-C06111, PENTADEOTEROBENZYL ALCOHOL, Phenolcarbinol, Phenyl Methanol, Phenyl-Methanol, Phenylcarbinolum, Phenylmethyl alcohol, TOLUENE,ALPHA-HYDROXY, alcoholum benzylicum, alpha-Toluenol, alpha-hydroxytoluene, aplha-Hydroxytoluene, benzenemethanol, benzylalcohol, benzylic alcohol, hydroxymethylbenzene, nchem.167-comp3, nchem.651-comp3i, nchem.932-comp19, phenylcarbinol, TB 13g, C7H8O, alcohol benzylicus, Benzenemethanol, Benzylic Alcohol, Phenylcarbinol, Phenylmethanol, Phenylmethyl Alcohol, alpha-Toluenol, phenylmethanol, .alpha.-hydroxytoluene, .alpha.-toluenol, (hydroxymethyl)benzene, a-Hydroxytoluene, a-Toluenol, alcoholum benzylicum, Alcool benzylique, alpha-hydroxytoluene, Alpha-toluenol, Aromatic primary alcohol, Bentalol, Benzal alcohol, Benzenecarbinol, Benzenemethanol, benzenmethanol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Benzyl alkohol, Benzyl-alcohol, BenzylAlcohol, Benzylalkohol, Benzylic alcohol, Benzylicum, Enzylalcohol, hydroxymethylbenzene, Hydroxytoluene, MBN, Methanol benzene, Methanol, phenyl-, Phenolcarbinol, Phenylcarbinol, Phenylcarbinolum, phenylmethanol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, Aromatic alcohol, Ulesfia, Α-hydroxytoluene, Α-toluenol, Alcohol, benzyl, Caswell no. 081F, Euxyl K 100, Itch-X, Sunmorl BK 20, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Alcoholum benzylicum, Alcool benzylique, alpha-Hydroxytoluene, alpha-Toluenol, Aromatic alcohol, Benzenecarbinol, Benzenemethanol, Benzylalkohol, Benzylic alcohol, Hydroxymethylbenzene, Phenylcarbinol, Phenylmethanol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, Ulesfia, a-Hydroxytoluene, Α-hydroxytoluene, a-Toluenol, Α-toluenol, Alcohol, benzyl, .alpha.-hydroxytoluene, .alpha.-toluenol, Aromatic primary alcohol, Bentalol, Benzal alcohol, Benzenmethanol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzyl alkohol, Benzyl-alcohol, BenzylAlcohol, Benzylicum, Caswell no. 081F, Enzylalcohol, Euxyl K 100, Hydroxytoluene, Itch-X, MBN, Methanol benzene, Phenolcarbinol, Phenylcarbinolum, Sunmorl BK 20, TB 13g, Benzyl alcohol, Benzylalcohol, Phenylmethanol, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Benzyl alcohol, α-Cresol, α-Toluenol, α-Hydroxytoluene, alpha-Hydroxyphenylmethane, Phenylcarbinol, Benzenemethanol, Benzyl hydroxide, Benzylic acid, benzyl alcohol, phenylmethanol, benzenemethanol, 100-51-6, phenylcarbinol, benzylalcohol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzenecarbinol, alpha-Toluenol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, Hydroxytoluene, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Phenolcarbinol, Benzal alcohol, benzylic alcohol, Alcool benzylique, Benzylicum, Methanol, phenyl-, Phenylcarbinolum, alpha-hydroxytoluene, Euxyl K 100, hydroxymethylbenzene, Bentalol, Ulesfia, Phenyl Methanol, Phenyl-Methanol, 66072-40-0, BENZYL-ALCOHOL, Caswell No. 081F, alcoholum benzylicum, Benzyl alcohol (natural), FEMA No. 2137, Benzylalkohol, Alcohol, benzyl, NCI-C06111, .alpha.-Hydroxytoluene, Alcool benzilico, Aromatic alcohol, Alcohol, Benzyl, Alcohol bencilico, .alpha.-Toluenol, Alcool benzilico [DCIT], Itch-X, NSC 8044, HSDB 46, benzenmethanol, Benzalalcohol, Benzalcohol, CCRIS 2081, Aromatic primary alcohol, Alcoolbenzylique, UNII-LKG8494WBH, Alcohol benzylicus, NSC-8044, EINECS 202-859-9, BnOH, LKG8494WBH, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009502, BRN 0878307, Sunmorl BK 20, DTXSID5020152, CHEBI:17987, INS NO.1519, AI3-01680, INS-1519, MFCD00004599, Hydroxymethyl resin (100-200 mesh), TOLUENE,ALPHA-HYDROXY, DTXCID70152, Benzyl alcohol (Benzenemethanol), benzyl alcohol (ring-13c6), E-1519, EC 202-859-9, 4-06-00-02222 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 185532-71-2, NCGC00091865-01, BENZYL-ALPHA,ALPHA-D2 ALCOHOL, BENZYL ALCOHOL (II), BENZYL ALCOHOL [II], BENZYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS), BENZYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS], BENZYL ALCOHOL (EP MONOGRAPH), BENZYL ALCOHOL [EP MONOGRAPH], phenylmethan-1-ol, CAS-100-51-6, Ulesfia (TN), 201740-95-6, Benzyl alcohol [USAN:INN:JAN], enzylalcohol, Protocoxil, phenyl carbinol, benzene-methanol, Benzyl Alcohole, a-Hydroxytoluene, a-Toluenol, Alcohol benzilico, Benzyl alcohol [INN:JAN:NF], Hydroxymethyl resin (200-400 mesh), PhCH2OH, Bn-OH, SCHEMBL147, Benzyl alcohol, ACS grade, bmse000407, C6H5CH2OH, CHEMBL720, WLN: Q1R, BENZYL ALCOHOL [MI], Benzyl alcohol (JP15/NF), BENZYL ALCOHOL [FCC], BENZYL ALCOHOL [INN], BENZYL ALCOHOL [JAN], BENZYL ALCOHOL [FHFI], BENZYL ALCOHOL [HSDB], BENZYL ALCOHOL [INCI], BIDD:ER0248, ALCOHOL,BENZYL [VANDF], BENZYL ALCOHOL [VANDF], ZilactinEarly Relief Cold Sore, TB 13G, Benzyl alcohol, LR, >=99%, BENZYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD], BENZYL ALCOHOL [WHO-IP], BDBM16418, NSC8044, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 009502, NCGC00091865-02, NCGC00091865-03, NCGC00091865-04, NCGC00254154-01, NCGC00259996-01, ALCOHOL BENZYLICUS [WHO-IP LATIN], Benzyl alcohol, ACS reagent, >=99.0%, Benzyl alcohol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, Benzyl alcohol, USP, 98.0-100.5%, B2378, Benzyl alcohol, tested according to Ph.Eur., Benzylalcohol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, E1519, NS00009775, Benzyl alcohol, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%, Benzyl alcohol, SAJ first grade, >=98.5%, EN300-20016, Benzyl alcohol, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%, Benzyl alcohol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, C00556, C03485, D00077, D70182, Q52353, AB01563201_01, A800221, SR-01000872610, J-000153, SR-01000872610-3, BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], F0001-001, Phenyl carbinol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, alpha-Hydroxytoluene, Benzenemethanol, Benzenemethanol, α-Hydroxytoluene, α-Toluenol, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Benzenecarbinol, Phenylcarbinol, Phenylmethanol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, Methanol, phenyl-, NCI-C06111, Hydroxytoluene, Bentalol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzenmethanol, Benzylic alcohol, Methanol benzene, NSC 8044, Benzyl Alkohol, BALC, Benzencarbinol, Benzenmethanol, alpha-Hydroxytoluene, Phenylcarbinol, Phenylmethanol, Phenylmethylalcohol, C7H8O, alcohol benzylicus, Benzenemethanol, Benzylic Alcohol, Phenylcarbinol, Phenylmethanol, Phenylmethyl Alcohol, alpha-Toluenol, Benzenemethanol, α-Hydroxytoluene, α-Toluenol, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Benzenecarbinol, Phenylcarbinol, Phenylmethanol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, Methanol, phenyl-, NCI-C06111, Hydroxytoluene, Bentalol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzenmethanol, Benzylic alcohol, Methanol benzene, NSC 8044, Benzyl Alkohol, benzyl alcohol, benzenemethanol, phenylcarbinol, benzoyl alcohol, hydroxytoluene, benzenecarbinol, phenylmethyl alcohol, alpha-toluenol, hydroxymethyl benzene, benzylalcohol, benzenecarbinol, benzenemethanol, benzoyl alcohol, phenylcarbinol, phenylmethanol, α-hydroxytoluene, Phenylmethanol, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Benzyl alcohol, α-Cresol, α-Toluenol, α-Hydroxytoluene, alpha-Hydroxyphenylmethane, Phenylcarbinol, Benzenemethanol, Benzyl hydroxide, Benzylic acid, benzyl alcohol, phenylmethanol, benzenemethanol, 100-51-6, phenylcarbinol, benzylalcohol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzenecarbinol, alpha-Toluenol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, Hydroxytoluene, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Phenolcarbinol, Benzal alcohol, Methanol, phenyl-, alpha-hydroxytoluene, benzylic alcohol, Alcool benzylique, Benzylicum, Phenylcarbinolum, Euxyl K 100, hydroxymethylbenzene, Bentalol, Ulesfia, 66072-40-0, Phenyl Methanol, Phenyl-Methanol, BENZYL-ALCOHOL, Caswell No. 081F, alcoholum benzylicum, Benzyl alcohol (natural), FEMA No. 2137, Benzylalkohol, NCI-C06111, Alcool benzilico, Aromatic alcohol, Alcohol, Benzyl, Alcohol bencilico, .alpha.-Toluenol, Alcool benzilico [DCIT], Itch-X, NSC 8044, HSDB 46, benzenmethanol, .alpha.-Hydroxytoluene, Benzalalcohol, Benzalcohol, CCRIS 2081, Aromatic primary alcohol, Alcoolbenzylique, Alcohol,benzyl, Alcool benzylique [INN-French], Benzyl alkohol, Alcohol bencilico [INN-Spanish], Methanol benzene, Alcoholum benzylicum [INN-Latin], UNII-LKG8494WBH, Alcohol benzylicus, NSC-8044, EINECS 202-859-9, BnOH, LKG8494WBH, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009502, BRN 0878307, Sunmorl BK 20, DTXSID5020152, CHEBI:17987, INS NO.1519, AI3-01680, INS-1519, MFCD00004599, Hydroxymethyl resin (100-200 mesh), TOLUENE,ALPHA-HYDROXY, DTXCID70152, Benzyl alcohol (Benzenemethanol), E-1519, EC 202-859-9, 4-06-00-02222 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 185532-71-2, NCGC00091865-01, BENZYL ALCOHOL (II), BENZYL ALCOHOL [II], MBN, BENZYL ALCOHOL (MART.), BENZYL ALCOHOL [MART.], Alcool benzylique (INN-French), BENZYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS), BENZYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS], Alcohol bencilico (INN-Spanish), Alcoholum benzylicum (INN-Latin), BENZYL ALCOHOL (EP MONOGRAPH), BENZYL ALCOHOL [EP MONOGRAPH], phenylmethan-1-ol, CAS-100-51-6, Ulesfia (TN), Benzyl alcohol [USAN:INN], enzylalcohol, Protocoxil, phenyl carbinol, benzene-methanol, Benzyl Alcohole, a-Hydroxytoluene, a-Toluenol, Alcohol benzilico, Benzyl alcohol [INN:JAN], Hydroxymethyl resin (200-400 mesh), PhCH2OH, Bn-OH, SCHEMBL147, Benzyl alcohol, ACS grade, bmse000407, C6H5CH2OH, CHEMBL720, WLN: Q1R, BENZYL ALCOHOL [MI], Benzyl alcohol (JP15/NF), BENZYL ALCOHOL [FCC], BENZYL ALCOHOL [INN], BENZYL ALCOHOL [JAN], BENZYL ALCOHOL [FHFI], BENZYL ALCOHOL [HSDB], BIDD, ALCOHOL,BENZYL [VANDF], BENZYL ALCOHOL [VANDF], ZilactinEarly Relief Cold Sore, TB 13G, Benzyl alcohol, LR, >=99%, BENZYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD], BENZYL ALCOHOL [WHO-IP], BDBM16418, NSC8044, Benzyl alcohol (JP17/NF/INN), HMS3264B16, HMS3885F10, Pharmakon1600-01502555, Benzyl alcohol, analytical standard, Benzyl alcohol, AR, >=99.5%, HY-B0892, Benzyl alcohol, anhydrous, 99.8%, Tox21_111172, Tox21_202447, Tox21_300044, BBL011938, BENZYL ALCOHOL [ORANGE BOOK], NSC760098, s4600, STL163453, Benzyl alcohol, >=99%, FCC, FG, AKOS000119907, Benzyl alcohol, natural, >=98%, FG, CCG-213843, DB06770, NSC-760098, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 009502, NCGC00091865-02, NCGC00091865-03, NCGC00091865-04, NCGC00254154-01, NCGC00259996-01, ALCOHOL BENZYLICUS [WHO-IP LATIN], Benzyl alcohol, ACS reagent, >=99.0%, Benzyl alcohol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, Benzyl alcohol, USP, 98.0-100.5%, DA-61590, B2378, Benzyl alcohol, tested according to Ph.Eur., Benzylalcohol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, E1519, NS00009775, Benzyl alcohol, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%, Benzyl alcohol, SAJ first grade, >=98.5%, EN300-20016, Benzyl alcohol, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%, Benzyl alcohol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, C00556, C03485, D00077, D70182, Q52353, SBI-0653497.0001, AB01563201_01, A800221, SR-01000872610, J-000153, SR-01000872610-3, BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], BRD-K98494274-001-03-6, BRD-K98494274-001-05-1, F0001-0019, Z104476418, 3762963D-6C2A-4BFF-AD94-3180E51BCA68, Benzyl alcohol, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Benzyl alcohol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Benzyl alcohol, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.0% (GC), Benzyl alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, InChI=1/C7H8O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6H, Benzyl alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, Benzyl alcohol, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph.??Eur., BP, NF, 99-100.5% (GC), StratoSpheres(TM) PL-HMS (Hydroxymethylstyrene) resin, 50-100 mesh, extent of labeling: 2.0 mmol loading, 1 % cross-linked



There are many different types of alcohol, and despite the rumors, not all of them are bad for your skin.
The ones that will likely irritate your skin or dry it out include isopropyl alcohol, methanol, and denatured alcohol—but even these “bad alcohols” can be okay in small amounts for very specific uses.


For example, sterile wipes or cotton swabs that a nurse uses to clean the injection site on your skin before you get a shot often contain isopropyl alcohol.
On the other hand, there are some alcohols that can actually be “good” for your skin (in the right amount and for the right use).
Benzyl alcohol is one of them.


Trace amounts of benzyl alcohol actually occur naturally in some plants and fruits as well as in some essential oils like rose oil and lemon oil.
Other “good" alcohol types include what are called fatty alcohols, like stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, and cetearyl alcohol.
Many of these can be found in various amounts in skincare products and cosmetics.


Even some products marketed as “alcohol-free” can contain some of these alcohols.
That’s because the alcohol that they are “free” of is ethyl alcohol (also called ethanol).
But even alcohol-free products can contain benzyl alcohol.


Benzyl alcohol is a clear alcohol with a mild sweet fragrance.
Benzyl alcohol is a synthetic chemical produced for industry, however it can be found naturally in some plants, fruits, tea, and wines.
Benzyl alcohol's a useful solvent due to its low toxicity, and can be found in many cosmetics and personal care products.


Though Benzyl alcohol is among the least sensitising preservatives of its kind available, a small percentage of people can be sensitive to this ingredient on their skin.
Benzyl alcohol with care at very low concentrations to minimise exposure, while also helping prevent the growth of microbes on our products once they are exposed to air.


Benzyl alcohol is a prescription topical (for the skin) medication used as an anti-parasite medication.
Benzyl alcohol topical is used to treat head lice in people between the ages of 6 months and 60 years old.
Benzyl alcohol topical is for treating head lice only. It will not treat lice on other body areas.


Benzyl alcohol is fragrance and flavor material that also has preservative qualities.
Benzyl alcohol is both naturally occurring in plants and can be synthetically prepared.
Benzyl Alcohol is a clear liquid that is used in toothpaste products as a natural preservative.


In addition to serving a natural preservation function in the product, Benzyl alcohol also enhances the flavor of the product.
Benzyl alcohol is a constituent of many essential oils and is used in the fragrance and perfumery industries because of it's pleasant odour.
Also because Benzyl alcohol exhibits bacteriostatic and antipruritic properties, it is also very useful as a natural preservative in it's own right.


Benzyl alcohol is a component of creams and ointments applied topically to relieve pain from cold (canker) sores or blisters in the mouth and gum irritations, and to treat head lice infestation (pediculosis).
Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic compound that has antiseptic and anesthetic properties.


Benzyl alcohol gel and ointment, when applied on the canker sores or gums, dries out and forms a protective antiseptic film while also acting as a local anesthetic.
Benzyl alcohol lotion, when applied to the scalp and hair, gets into the respiratory openings (spiracles) of the lice and suffocates the lice, killing them, however, it has no effect on the lice eggs (nits).


In adults, benzyl alcohol is quickly metabolized into benzoic acid by the liver, which is then converted to hippuric acid and eliminated in the urine.
Benzyl alcohol is an organic alcohol that occurs naturally in some fruits (such as peaches, apricots, and cranberries) as well as teas.
Recent studies have found topically applied benzyl alcohol might help wound healing by promoting collagen production, however this is not its primary function in cosmetics products.


Its chief function in cosmetics is as a preservative, and Benzyl alcohol’s among the least sensitising preservatives in use.
Benzyl alcohol works well as a preservative because it has both antibacterial and antifungal properties.
High amounts of benzyl alcohol can impart a noticeable floral-like scent to products, as it is part of the fragrance makeup of some essential oils such as jasmine.


Benzyl alcohol, an organic compound, of molecular formula C6H5CH2OH, that occurs combined with carboxylic acids (as esters) in balsams and oils of jasmine and other flowers.
Several of its natural and synthetic esters have long been used in perfumery; Benzyl alcohol itself has become important in the second half of the 20th century as a developer booster in the processing of colour motion-picture film and as a dyeing assistant for filament nylons.


Benzyl alcohol is manufactured by the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride in the presence of soda ash.
Benzyl Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a slight, aromatic odor.
Benzyl alcohol is a versatile chemical compound widely used as a general solvent and chemical intermediate in various industries.


Benzyl alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with slight, aromatic odor
Benzyl alcohol (C7H8O) is a colorless liquid with a sharp taste and slight odor.
Benzyl alcohol is in the form of a colorless, transparent liquid.


Benzyl alcohol does not dissolve well in water, but can be dissolved in some organic solvents other than water.
Benzyl alcohol ensures a longer shelf life of the product.
The usage rate varies between 0.1% and 2% depending on the demonstrative effect of Benzyl alcohol and its interaction with other substances.


Benzyl alcohol (also known as α-cresol) is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH.
The benzyl group is often abbreviated "Bn" (not to be confused with "Bz" which is used for benzoyl), thus benzyl alcohol is denoted as BnOH.
Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor.


Benzyl alcohol is a useful as a solvent for its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure.
Benzyl alcohol has moderate solubility in water (4 g/100 mL) and is miscible in alcohols and diethyl ether.
The anion produced by deprotonation of the alcohol group is known as benzylate or benzyloxide.


Benzyl alcohol is an ingredient used in the manufacture of soaps, topical creams, skin lotions, shampoos, and facial cleansers and is popular due to its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.
Benzyl alcohol is a common ingredient in a variety of household products.


Benzyl alcohol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Benzyl alcohol is slightly denser than water.
Flash point of Benzyl alcohol is 194 °F.


Boiling point of Benzyl alcohol is 401 °F.
Benzyl alcohol is used to make other chemicals.
Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.


Benzyl alcohol has a role as a solvent, a metabolite, an antioxidant and a fragrance.
Benzyl alcohol is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.
Benzyl alcohol is a Pediculicide.


Benzyl Alcohol is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Nymphaea rudgeana, and other organisms with data available.
Benzyl alcohol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor.


Benzyl alcohol is a naturally ocurring and synthetic ingredient used as solvent and preservative; has been associated with contact allergy.
Benzyl alcohol's one of those things that help your cosmetics not to go wrong too soon, aka a preservative.
Benzyl alcohol can be naturally found in fruits and teas but can also be made synthetically.


No matter the origin, in small amounts (up to 1%) Benzyl alcohol’s a nice, gentle preservative.
Benzyl alcohol has to be combined with some other nice preservatives, like potassium sorbate to be broad spectrum enough.
In high amounts, Benzyl alcohol can be a skin irritant, but don’t worry, it’s never used in high amounts.


Benzyl alcohol is a chemical that occurs naturally and in synthetic form.
Benzyl alcohol occurs naturally in foods and is a permitted food additive.
Benzyl alcohol is also known as benzenemethanol.


Benzyl alcohol is also known as Aromatic Alcohol with the chemical formula C6H5CH2OH.
The IUPAC name of Benzyl alcohol is phenyl methanol.
At room temperature, benzyl alcohol exists as a colourless liquid that has a mildly aromatic smell.


When this aromatic alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, is deprotonated, the resulting anion is called a benzylate.
Benzyl alcohol is not very soluble in water.
However, Benzyl alcohol forms miscible mixtures with diethyl ether and other alcohols.


Many plants are known to naturally produce C6H5CH2OH.
The essential oils extracted from jasmine, ylang-ylang, and hyacinth contain some amount of benzyl alcohol.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZYL ALCOHOL:
Benzyl Alcohol is a synthetic ingredient used as solvent and preservative.
Benzyl alcohol is the most important solvent in the paint and ink industry, an additive for ballpoint pen pastes, dyeing auxiliaries and disinfectants, a development accelerator in color photochemistry and a starting product for the production of esters.


Benzyl alcohol is also used as a preservative for injection solutions.
In addition, Benzyl alcohol uses and dissolves cellulose esters, cellulose ethers, fats, oils and resins.
Benzyl alcohol is also an approved extraction solvent and reactive solvent in many construction chemicals.


In addition, Benzyl alcohol is a component of the paint strippers of many essential vegetable oils and is used as a viscosity regulator.
Benzyl alcohol is generally used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products.
Benzyl Alcohol has antimicrobial properties that make it effective at preventing the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in cosmetic formulations.


Benzyl alcohol is often used in concentrations of 0.5% to 2% as a preservative in a variety of products, including shampoos, lotions, creams, and makeup.
However, its use is limited to products that have a pH below 5.5, as Benzyl alcohol is not effective at higher pH levels.
The chemical formula of Benzyl Alcohol is C7H8O, and it is commonly derived from natural sources such as flowers and fruits.


Benzyl alcohol is found in over-the-counter medications, topical creams, lotions, shampoos, and facial cleansers as an antibacterial, preservative, and/or fungicide.
Benzyl alcohol is found in many naturally occurring plant products such as Balsam of Peru and is also a component of essential oils such as hyacinth, jasmine, and ylang ylang oils.


Benzyl alcohol is also prevalent in hair dyes, shampoos, facial cleansers, sunscreens, fragrances, and cosmetics.
Benzyl alcohol is also widely used as a food additive for flavoring.
Benzyl alcohol has a mild, fruity aroma.


If you’ve ever had chocolate, a breath mint, or a piece of chewing gum, it has most likely contained benzyl alcohol.
Benzyl alcohol has a wide range of applications, including paints and coatings, flavor and fragrance, personal care and pharmaceuticals.
Benzyl alcohol is broadly used as a solvent due to its low toxicity and volatility.


Benzyl alcohol is used to treat lice of the hair and scalp.
Benzyl alcohol acts by destroying the lice.
Benzyl alcohol does not destroy their eggs; a second treatment is needed 7 days after the first treatment.


Benzyl alcohol may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.
As a volatile alcohol, Benzyl alcohol can pose a risk of sensitivity when used in high amounts but is considered safe as used in cosmetics (usually in concentrations up to 5%, and it may be used up to 10% in hair dyes).


In addition to topical applications for pain relief, benzyl alcohol is also used as a preservative in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations, solubilizing agent, and as a component of disinfectant solutions.
Benzyl alcohol is added as a local anesthetic to injections to reduce pain at the injection site and is also used to periodically flush intravascular catheters to prevent infection.


Recommended Use of Benzyl alcohol: Photochemicals, Plastics, Herbicides, Fungicides, Printing inks, Glues and adhesives, Crop protection, Adhesives and Sealants, Textile auxiliaries, Metal finishing, Fragrances, Cosmetics, Optical brighteners, Dyestuffs, Safeners, Preservative, Flavoring agent, and Paints and Coatings.


In industry, Benzyl alcohol is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, and in perfumery and flavoring.
As a pharmaceutical product, Benzyl alcohol is used as an anti-parasite medication used to treat head lice.
Benzyl alcohol is also used as a common preservative in many injectable drugs.


Benzyl Alcohol acts as a preservative in cosmetic products.
Benzyl alcohol helps prevent the growth and proliferation of microorganisms in the product.
As a dye solvent, Benzyl alcohol enhances the process of dying wool, nylon, and leather.


Benzyl Alcohol is used as a general solvent in the formulation of inks and lacquers where its low volatility and low toxicity are advantageous and also as a raw material in the manufacture of various esters (such as benzyl formate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate) which are extensively used in the flavor and fragrance industries.


Applications of Benzyl alcohol: Solvent, Chemical and Intermediate
Benzyl alcohol is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection.
Also, Benzyl alcohol is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.


Benzyl alcohol is an antiparasitic agent used for the topical treatment of head lice infestation in patients 6 months of age and older.
Benzyl alcohol, sold under the brand name Ulesfia, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2009, as a 5% solution for the treatment of head lice in people 6 months of age and older.


Benzyl alcohol affects the louse's spiracles, preventing them from closing.
These then become clogged with water or mineral oil or other matter and cause the insect to die from asphyxiation.
Benzyl alcohol is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% benzyl alcohol.


Benzyl alcohol is used as a general solvent for inks, waxes, shellacs, paints, lacquers, and epoxy resin coatings.
Thus Benzyl alcohol can be used in paint strippers, especially when combined with compatible viscosity enhancers to encourage the mixture to cling to painted surfaces.


Benzyl alcohol is a precursor to a variety of esters and ethers, used in the soap, perfume, and flavor industries.
E.g. benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, benzyl cinnamate, dibenzyl ether, benzyl butyl phthalate.
Benzyl alcohol can be used as a local anesthetic, especially with epinephrine.


-Use of Benzyl alcohol in health care:
Benzyl alcohol is used as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications, cosmetics, and topical drugs.
Some caution is necessary if a high percent of benzyl alcohol is used as benzaldehyde arises from benzyl alcohol when used as preservative in an injectable formulation solution.



BENEFITS OF BENZYL ALCOHOL:
*Versatility
*Good solvency power
*High purity
*Low vapor pressure



BENZYL ALCOHOL AT A GLANCE:
* An organic alcohol that can be found naturally in some fruits
* Serves chiefly as a preservative in cosmetics products
* Considered one of the least sensitising preservatives in use
* Deemed safe for use in concentrations up to 5%



WHAT IS BENZYL ALCOHOL USED FOR?
Benzyl Alcohol is an important and effective ingredient due to its antimicrobial properties and mild, pleasant scent.
Benzyl alcohol is thus widely used in personal care and cosmetic products.

*Skin care:
Benzyl alcohol is primarily used as a preservative in products like creams, lotions, and serums.
Benzyl alcohol prevents the growth of fungi and bacteria that can lead to spoilage and contamination of the product

*Hair care:
Benzyl alcohol also has the ability to stabilize formulations and help hair care products last longer.
Benzyl alcohol also works effectively to decrease the viscosity, thus improving the texture and feel of the products

*Cosmetic products:
Benzyl alcohol is used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics such as perfumes, colognes, and other scented products.
Benzyl alcohol has a mild, pleasant aroma that is well-suited for use in fragrances.
Additionally, Benzyl alcohol is used as a solvent in certain cosmetic formulations to help dissolve other ingredients and improve product consistency



ORIGIM OF BENZYL ALCOHOL:
Synthetically, Benzyl Alcohol can be made through several methods, including the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride with sodium hydroxide, the reduction of benzaldehyde with sodium borohydride, or the reaction of toluene with carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst.
The resulting product is subjected to purification methods such as distillation to obtain Benzyl Alcohol.



WHAT DOES BENZYL ALCOHOL DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Antimicrobial
*Perfuming
*Preservative
*Solvent
*Viscosity controlling



SAFETY PROFILE OF BENZYL ALCOHOL:
Benzyl Alcohol is safe for use in personal care and cosmetic products when used in the recommended concentrations.
Benzyl alcohol has been approved by regulatory bodies around the world and is used widely in the industry.
While it can be drying to the skin in high concentrations, Benzyl alcohol is typically used at low levels in formulations.
Additionally, Benzyl Alcohol is halal and vegan-friendly.



ALTERNATIVES OF BENZYL ALCOHOL:
*PHENOXYETHANOL,
*ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN,
*CAPRYLYL GLYCOL



STRUCTURE OF BENZYL ALCOHOL:
Benzyl alcohol consists of a hydroxyl group attached to a methyl group, which is in turn attached to an aromatic ring.
The structure of a C6H5CH2OH molecule, Benzyl alcohol.
Benzyl Alcohol

The pi electrons in the benzene ring are delocalized due to resonance.
Essentially, the structure of a benzyl alcohol molecule is that of a toluene molecule in which one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by a hydroxyl group.



CHARACTERISTICS OF BENZYL ALCOHOL:
Benzyl alcohol forms a colorless, somewhat oily liquid with a mild, pleasant scent but a bitter, numbing taste.
Benzyl alcohol dissolves easily in most organic solvents, and it is also noticeably soluble in water.
Benzyl alcohol slowly oxidizes to benzaldehyde in air.
The esters of benzyl alcohol with various monocarboxylic acids have the character of odorous substances, such as benzyl acetate and benzyl benzoate.



BENZYL ALCOHOL IS INCLUDING:
In its synthetic form, Benzyl alcohol's found in a wide range of products available to consumers, including:
*vaping products
*cosmetics, such as: hair styling products, face and body creams, hair bleach and colour, eye and face cleansers, deodorants and antiperspirants.
*household products, such as: air fresheners, cleaning wipes, all-purpose cleaners.
*automotive products, such as: fuel, car air fresheners.
*natural health products, such as: lip balm, sunscreen, arthritis cream.
*home improvement products, such as: epoxy glues, aerosol paints, wax/finish coating removers, prescription and non-prescription drugs.



BENZYL ALCOHOL IN SKINCARE PRODUCTS:
Benzyl alcohol has several characteristics that make it an ideal ingredient for many different skincare products.
Along with other less common uses, Benzyl alcohol's main purposes in skincare are its fragrance, its antibacterial preservative properties, and its solvency—the ability to dissolve other ingredients without changing the fundamental properties of those ingredients.
Here’s how Benzyl alcohol may play a role in your skincare products.


*As a fragrance:
Benzyl alcohol is known as an “aromatic alcohol,” which means it has a light but pleasant odor.
Benzyl alcohol can help stabilize other scents, which can help provide longer-lasting fragrances in perfumes and other scented products in turn.


*Occasionally it’s used as a masking agent:
The more pleasant odor of benzyl alcohol hides the scent of other ingredients that sometimes don’t smell quite as pleasant on their own.


*A word of caution here:
Benzyl alcohol is usually found in much higher concentrations when it is used specifically for its fragrant characteristics.


*As a preservative:
There’s a pretty good chance that you do the majority of your skincare routine in your bathroom, likely right after you shower.
That warm and humid environment creates a perfect breeding ground for bacteria and fungus, especially in moist, creamy products contained in wide-mouth jars that get more exposure to air (and dipping fingers), as opposed to products in squeeze bottles or pumps.

That’s where benzyl alcohol comes in handy as a great preservative.
Benzyl alcohol has antifungal and antimicrobial properties, which means it helps keep bacteria and fungi from multiplying in your skincare products and cosmetics.

And even if hands are clean (as they should be while applying skincare products!), there’s a possibility that some stubborn microscopic hitchhikers are hiding under your nails, on the shower curtain, or even under the faucet of your sink.


*As a solvent:
Benzyl alcohol is also a solvent, which means that it easily dissolves other ingredients without changing the fundamental structure of those ingredients.
Sometimes Benzyl alcohol’s used for just that purpose, helping to break down active ingredients into smaller particles so they can penetrate more easily into your skin.

Another benefit of the solvent property of benzyl alcohol is that it helps to thin out formulas, making them easier to spread (also called a “slip agent”).
Benzyl alcohol can give your creams and lotions a light, silky texture that is pleasing to the touch.
Benzyl alcohol’s what leaves your skin feeling soft, smooth, and evenly covered after applying your favorite moisturizer or face cream.



NATURAL OCCURRENCES OF BENZYL ALCOHOL:
Benzyl alcohol is produced naturally by many plants and is commonly found in fruits and teas.
Benzyl alcohol is also found in a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth and ylang-ylang.
Benzyl alcohol is also found in castoreum from the castor sacs of beavers.
Benzyl esters also occur naturally.



PREPARATION OF BENZYL ALCOHOL:
Benzyl alcohol is produced industrially from toluene via benzyl chloride, which is hydrolyzed:
C6H5CH2Cl + H2O → C6H5CH2OH + HCl
Another route entails hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, a by-product of the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid.

For laboratory use, Grignard reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide (C6H5MgBr) with formaldehyde and the Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde also give benzyl alcohol.
The latter also gives benzoic acid, an example of an organic disproportionation reaction.



REACTIONS OF BENZYL ALCOHOL:
Like most alcohols, Benzyl alcohol reacts with carboxylic acids to form esters.
In organic synthesis, benzyl esters are popular protecting groups because they can be removed by mild hydrogenolysis.

Benzyl alcohol reacts with acrylonitrile to give N-benzylacrylamide.
This is an example of a Ritter reaction:
C6H5CH2OH + NCCHCH2 → C6H5CH2N(H)C(O)CHCH2



WHAT IS BENZYL ALCOHOL IN SKINCARE?
Benzyl alcohol's derived from fruit (usually cranberries and apricots), comes in the form of a colorless liquid, and has a slightly sweet scent.
As a multifunctional ingredient, you can spot benzyl alcohol on the ingredient label of many different skincare, cosmetic, and personal products, such as moisturizers, lip balms, face washes, and even makeup.



BENEFITS OF BENZYL ALCOHOL FOR SKIN:
Besides possibly having antioxidant effects in certain formulas, benzyl alcohol doesn't have any specific benefits for your skin itself, but rather helps to optimize skincare formulas so that they can better perform for your skin.


*Preserves the product:
According to Yadav, benzyl alcohol acts as a preservative in skincare and cosmetic products due to its antibacterial and anti-fungal properties.
Any cosmetic or personal care product that is made with no preservatives (for example, preservative-free eye drops) generally comes in individual single-use containers to prevent contamination by contact or air.


*Stabilizes the formula:
Benzyl alcohol also acts as a stabilizing agent against the oxidative breakdown of the product, which means it allows your products to work more effectively for a longer period.


*Has antioxidant activity:
Benzyl alcohol also has antioxidant properties, and antioxidants protect against free-radical damage.


*Dissolves ingredients:
Benzyl alcohol acts as a solvent and helps to dissolve other ingredients in a product's formula.


*Decreases viscosity:
Benzyl alcohol also decreases viscosity, which allows products to flow more easily.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF BENZYL ALCOHOL:
*Primary alcohols
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Aromatic alcohols



SUBSTITUENTS OF BENZYL ALCOHOL:
*Benzyl alcohol
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Aromatic alcohol
*Primary alcohol
*Organooxygen compound
*Alcohol
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZYL ALCOHOL:
Under standard conditions, Benzyl alcohol is a colourless, slightly aromatic liquid.
Benzyl alcohol's solubility in water corresponds to 3.5g/100mL at 20oC and 4.29g/100mL at 25o
Benzyl alcohol is soluble in several organic solvents such as benzene, methanol, acetone, and ether.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZYL ALCOHOL:
The reaction between carboxylic acids and Benzyl alcohol leads to the formation of esters.
Benzyl alcohol undergoes a Ritter reaction with acrylonitrile to yield N-benzyl acrylamide.
When deprotonated, C6H5CH2OH yields a benzylate anion.



PREPARATION OF BENZYL ALCOHOL:
The use of sodium hydroxide in the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride yields Benzyl alcohol and sodium chloride as the products.
The chemical equation for this reaction is given by:
NaOH + C6H5CH2Cl → NaCl + C6H5CH2OH
An alternate method of preparing Benzyl alcohol involves the Grignard reaction between formaldehyde (H-CHO) and phenylmagnesium bromide (Ph-Mg-Br).



STRUCTURE OF BENZYL ALCOHOL:
Benzyl alcohol consists of a hydroxyl group attached to a methyl group, which is in turn attached to an aromatic ring.
The pi electrons in the benzene ring are delocalized due to resonance.
Essentially, the structure of a Benzyl alcohol molecule is that of a toluene molecule in which one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by a hydroxyl group.



TYPE OF INGREDIENT:
Preservative, antioxidant, and solvent


MAIN BENEFITS OF BENZYL ALCOHOL:
Preserves, stabilizes, and dissolves ingredients


WHO SHOULD USE BENZYL ALCOHOL:
In general, Benzyl alcohol is safe to use by anyone who does not have a true contact allergy to it.


HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE BENZYL ALCOHOL:
Benzyl alcohol is safe to use daily if you're not sensitive to it and if it's used at a low concentration.


BENZYL ALCOHOL WORKS WELL WITH:
Benzyl alcohol works well with most, if not all, other ingredients.


DON'T USE WITH:
Benzyl alcohol works well with most, if not all, other ingredients.



BENEFITS OF BENZYL ALCOHOL FOR SKIN:
Besides possibly having antioxidant properties and wound healing effects by promotion of collagen, Benzyl alcohol doesn't have any specific benefits for your skin itself but rather helps to optimize skincare formulas so that they can better perform for your skin.
Here's what Benzyl alcohol can do:


*Preserve the product:
Benzyl alcohol acts as a preservative in skincare and cosmetic products due to its antibacterial and anti-fungal properties.
Any cosmetic or personal care product that Benzyl alcohol is made with no preservatives (for example, preservative-free eye drops) generally comes in individual single-use containers to prevent contamination by contact or air.
Benzyl alcohol allows products to be bottled in larger packages designed for more than one use.


*Stabilizes the formula:
Benzyl alcohol also acts as a stabilizing agent against the oxidative breakdown of the product, which means it allows your products to work more effectively for a longer period.


*Provides Antioxidant activity:
Benzyl alcohol also has antioxidant properties, and antioxidants protect against free-radical damage.


*Dissolves ingredients:
Benzyl alcohol acts as a solvent and helps to dissolve other ingredients in a product's formula.


*Decreases viscosity:
Benzyl alcohol also decreases viscosity, which allows products to flow more easily.1


*Imparts a nice scent:
As an aromatic alcohol, Benzyl alcohol is naturally fragrant and slightly sweet.
Benzyl alcohol's also naturally found in some essential oils, including ylang-ylang and jasmine, and has a delicate floral scent.



WHAT ARE SOME PRODUCTS THAT MAY CONTAIN BENZYL ALCOHOL?
Cosmetics
• Lipstick
• Mascara
• Powder makeup
Deodorant
Foods
• Apricots
• Cocoa
• Cranberries
• Honey
• Mushrooms
• Snap peas
Hair Care
• Conditioner
• Hair color/dye
• Shampoo
Industrial Products
• Concrete primer
• Crack filler
• Epoxy putty sealant
Oral Care
• Cold sore gel
• Oral anesthetic
Shaving Creams and Gels
Skin Care Products
• Baby lotion
• Blemish remover
• Body lotion
• Cleansing cloths
• Diaper rash cream



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZYL ALCOHOL:
Chemical formula: C7H8O
Molar mass: 108.140 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Slightly aromatic
Density: 1.044 g/cm3
Melting point: -15.2 °C (4.6 °F; 257.9 K)
Boiling point: 205.3 °C (401.5 °F; 478.4 K)
Solubility in water:
3.50 g/100 mL (20 °C)
4.29 g/100 mL (25 °C)

Solubility in other solvents: Soluble in benzene, methanol,
chloroform, ethanol, ether, acetone
log P: 1.10
Vapor pressure: 0.18 kPa (60 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 15.40
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -71.83·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.5396
Viscosity: 5.474 cP
Dipole moment: 1.67 D

Thermochemistry:
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 217.8 J/(K·mol)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): -352 kJ/mol
Molecular Weight: 108.14 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 108.057514874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 108.057514874 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 55.4
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical State: Liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting Point/Freezing Point: No data available
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: 205 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (Solid, Gas): No data available
Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits:
Upper explosion limit: 13% (V),
Lower explosion limit: 1.3% (V)
Flash Point: 101 °C - DIN 51758

Autoignition Temperature: No data available
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Kinematic viscosity: No data available,
Dynamic viscosity: No data available
Water Solubility: No data available
Partition Coefficient (n-Octanol/Water): Log Pow: 1.05 at 20 °C
Vapor Pressure: No data available
Density: 1.05 g/cm3 at 20 °C

Relative Density: No data available
Relative Vapor Density: No data available
Particle Characteristics: No data available
Explosive Properties: No data available
Oxidizing Properties: None
Other Safety Information: Dissociation constant: 15.4 at 25 °C
CAS Number: 100-51-6
EC Index Number: 603-057-00-5
EC Number: 202-859-9
Hill Formula: C₇H₈O
Chemical Formula: C₆H₅CH₂OH

Molar Mass: 108.14 g/mol
HS Code: 2906 21 00
Boiling Point: 205 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.05 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Explosion Limit: 1.3 - 13% (V)
Flash Point: 101 °C DIN 51758
Ignition Temperature: 435 °C DIN 51794
Melting Point: -15.3 °C
Vapor Pressure: 0.07 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 40 g/L
Chemical Formula: C7H8O
Average Molecular Weight: 108.1378 g/mol
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 108.057514878 g/mol

IUPAC Name: Phenylmethanol
Traditional Name: Benzyl alcohol
CAS Registry Number: 100-51-6
SMILES: OCC1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C7H8O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6H2
InChI Key: WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
C.A.S. Number: 100-51-6
MDL Number: MFCD00004599
EINECS Number: 202-859-9
ID PubChem Substance: 329749166
Linear Formula: C6H5CH2OH
Formula Weight: 108.14
Melting Point: -15 °C to -13 °C

Boiling Point: 203 °C to 205 °C
Density: 1.045 g/mL at 25 °C
Flash Point: 101 °C
Explosion Limit: 0.34% to 6.3%
Autoignition Temperature: 817 °F
Sensitivity & Storage: The product is chemically stable
under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
It is hygroscopic and stable under recommended storage conditions.
Vapor Density: 3.7 (vs air)
Incompatible Materials: Various plastics

Reactivity: Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approximately 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.
Partition Coefficient: 1.05 at 20 °C (log Pow)
Dissociation Constant: 15.4 at 25 °C
Assay: >99.99%
Appearance (Color): Colorless
Form: Liquid
Water Solubility: 26.8 g/L
logP: 1.07
logS: -0.61

pKa (Strongest Acidic): 15.02
pKa (Strongest Basic): -2.8
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 20.23 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Refractivity: 32.87 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 11.89 ų
Number of Rings: 1
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes

Chemical Formula: C7H8O
IUPAC Name: phenylmethanol
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C7H8O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6H2
InChI Key: WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: OCC1=CC=CC=C1
Average Molecular Weight: 108.1378
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 108.057514878
CAS number: 100-51-6
EC index number: 603-057-00-5
EC number: 202-859-9
Hill Formula: C₇H₈O
Chemical formula: C₆H₅CH₂OH
Molar Mass: 108.14 g/mol

HS Code: 2906 21 00
Boiling point: 205 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.05 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.3 - 13 %(V)
Flash point: 101 °C
Ignition temperature: 435 °C
Melting Point: -15.3 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.07 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 40 g/l
Benzyl Alcohol: C₆H₅CH₂OH
Molar Mass: 108.14 grams per mole
Density: 1.044 grams per cubic centimetre

Melting Point: 257.9 K (-15.2 °C)
Boiling Point: 478.4 K (205.3 °C)
Form: Liquid
Prohibited Uses: For intended use only
Appearance: Liquid
Auto Ignition Temperature: 436 °C (817 °F)
Boiling Point: 205.3 °C (401.5 °F)
Color: Clear, Colorless
Density: 1.045 g/cm³ @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Dynamic Viscosity: 5.84 mPa.s
Flash Point: 100.1 °C (212.2 °F)

Melting Point: -15.4 °C (4.3 °F)
Odor: Slight
Relative Density: 1.04 @ 20 - 25 °C (68 - 77 °F)
Vapor Pressure: 0.07 hPa @ 20 °C (68 °F)
CAS: 100-51-6
Molecular Formula: C₇H₈O
Molecular Weight: 108.14 g/mol
MDL Number: MFCD00004599, MFCD03792087
InChI Key: WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 244
ChEBI: CHEBI:17987
IUPAC Name: Phenylmethanol

SMILES: OCC1=CC=CC=C1
CAS Min %: 98.5
CAS Max %: 100.0
Color: Colorless to Yellow
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 99%
Linear Formula: C₆H₅CH₂OH
Refractive Index: 1.5380 to 1.5410 (20°C, 589nm)
Beilstein: 06, 428
Merck Index: 15, 1127
Formula Weight: 108.14

Vapor Pressure: 0.13 mbar at 20°C
Percent Purity: ≥98.5%
Grade: Pure
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Benzyl alcohol
Physical description: A clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Boiling point: 401°F
Molecular weight: 108.13
Freezing point/melting point: 4.5°F
Vapor pressure: 0.1 mmHg @ 68°F

Flash point: 213°F
Vapor density: 3.72
Specific gravity: 1.05
Ionization potential:
Lower explosive limit (LEL): 1.3%
Upper explosive limit (UEL): 13%
NFPA health rating: 1
NFPA fire rating: 1
NFPA reactivity rating: 0
Boiling Point: 205°C
Melting Point: -15°C
pH: 7.0

Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
Viscosity: Low to medium
Appearance at 20°C: Clear mobile liquid
Color: Colorless
Odor: Fruity, mild, sweet
Taste: Sweet
Optical rotation (°): 0 / 0
Density at 20°C (g/mL): 1.043 - 1.049
Refractive index nd20: 1.5390 - 1.5410
Flashpoint (°C): 100
Solubility: 1 mL in 30 mL of water
Assay (% GC): > 99
Acid value (mg KOH/g): < 0.5


FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZYL ALCOHOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZYL ALCOHOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZYL ALCOHOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water
system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZYL ALCOHOL:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 120 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A (acc. to DIN 3181)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZYL ALCOHOL:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZYL ALCOHOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol), a colorless liquid, is an aromatic alcohol with a mild pleasant aromatic odor.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol)is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a water-white liquid with a faint aromatic odor and a sharp burning taste.

CAS Number: 100-51-6
Molecular Formula: C7H8O
Molecular Weight: 108.14
EINECS Number: 202-859-9

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Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a useful as a solvent for its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has moderate solubility in water (4 g/100 mL) and is miscible in alcohols and diethyl ether.

The anion produced by deprotonation of the alcohol group is known as benzylate or benzyloxide.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol), also known as phenyl carbinol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C7H8O.
Phenylcarbinol is also known as Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol).

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is chemical formula is C6H5CH2OH and its density is 1.045 g/mL at 25 ° C (lit).
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is one of the simplest fatty alcohol containing phenyl.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can be seen as benzene substituted by hydroxymethyl, or methyl alcohol substituted by phenyl.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a colorless transparent sticky liquid with faint aroma.
Sometimes Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is placed for a long time, it will smells like bitter almond flavor because of oxidation.
Polarity, low toxicity and low steam, so it is used as alcohol solvent.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is combustible, and slightly soluble in water (about 25ml of water soluble 1 gram of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol).
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) mainly exists in the form of free or ester in essential oil, such as jasmine oil, ylang-ylang oil, jasmine oil, hyacinth oil, sesame oil, hyacinths balsam, peru balsam and tolu balsam, which all contain this ingredient.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) should not be stored for a long time.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can be slowly oxidized to benzaldehyde and anisole in the air.
Therefore Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) products often smell like almond aroma with characteristic of benzaldehyde.

In addition, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is also easily oxidized to benzoic acid by many kinds of antioxidants such as nitric acid.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a colorless clear oily liquid; its odor type is floral and its odor at 100% is described as 'floral rose phenolic balsamic'.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has a characteristic pleasant, fruity odor and a slightly pungent, sweet taste; the note tends to become similar to that of benzyl aldehyde on aging.

Slightly soluble in water, and miscible with alcohol, ether, chloroform and so on.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a component catalyst for epoxy resins.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is also contained in the color developer C-22.
The benzyl group is often abbreviated "Bn" (not to be confused with "Bz" which is used for benzoyl), thus Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is denoted as BnOH.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) occurs in many essential oils and foods.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a colorless liquid with a weak, slightly sweet odor.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can be oxidized to benzaldehyde, for example, with nitric acid.

Dehydrogenation over a copper–magnesium oxide–pumice catalyst also leads to the aldehyde.
Esterification of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) results in a number of important fragrance and flavor materials.
Diphenylmethane is prepared by a Friedel–Crafts reaction of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) and benzene with aluminum chloride or concentrated sulfuric acid.

By heating Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) in the presence of strong acids or strong bases, dibenzyl ether is formed.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is an aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has a role as a solvent, a metabolite, an antioxidant and a fragrance.

An aromatic primary alcohol.
Phenylmethanol is synthesized by Cannizzaro’s reaction, which involves the simultaneous oxidation and reduction of benzenecarbaldehyde (benzaldehyde) by refluxing in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide:
2C6H5CHO → C6H5CH2OH + C6H5COOH

Phenylmethanol undergoes the reactions characteristic of alcohols, especially those in which the formation of a stable carbonium ion as an intermediate (C6H5CH2 +) enhances the reaction.
Substitution onto the benzene ring is also possible; the –CH2OH group directs into the 2- or 4-position by the donation of electrons to the ring.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is prepared commercially by the distillation of benzyl chloride with potassium or sodium carbonate.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) may also be prepared by the Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde and potassium hydroxide.
The chemical structure of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) consists of a phenyl group (a benzene ring) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a methylene group (-CH2-).
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is systematic name is "benzenemethanol."

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly pleasant aromatic odor.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has a melting point of -15 °C (5 °F) and a boiling point of 205 °C (401 °F).
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is found in various natural sources, including certain essential oils such as jasmine and ylang-ylang.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can also be present as a component in some fruits.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can be produced through several methods, including the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride or the reduction of benzaldehyde.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is commonly synthesized for commercial use.

Due to its solvent properties, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in various applications where a solvent with mild characteristics is required.
Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol), and it has been reported as a potential skin irritant in certain cases.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is essential to be aware of any personal sensitivities when using products containing Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol).

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is produced naturally by many plants and is commonly found in fruits and teas.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is also found in a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth and ylang-ylang.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is also found in castoreum from the castor sacs of beavers.

Benzyl esters also occur naturally.
Benzyl is the prefix describing the presence of the redical "C6H5CH2-".
An simple example is Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol), C6H5CH2OH.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol), also called phenylmethanol or phenylcarbinol, is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor; melting at 15 C and Boiling at 205 C.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a primary alcohol with arene group.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is partially soluble in water and readily soluble in alcohol and ether.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is prepared by the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride in the presence of soda ash.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has properties of strong polarity and limited water solubility.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) features also good solvency, low toxicity and low vapor pressure.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a general solvent for inks, paints, lacquers, epoxy resin coatings, and as a degreasing agent in cleaning as well as for chemical reaction process.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) reacts with acids (acetic, benzoic, and sebacic acids, and etc) to form numerous esters, salts and other compounds, thus is used widely as a valued intermediate in industrial field as well as in making soap, perfume, and flavors.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a dyeing assistant for filament nylons.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is applications include many pharmaceutical preparations and bacteriostatic compounds.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) was used for antipruritic activity to relieve itching.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a primary alcohol with general formula RCH2OH.

In carbinol nomenclature system, the term of carbinol is methanol itself and other groups are considered to have replaced one of the methanol hydrogen atoms to describe larger alcohols as derivatives of carbinol.
This nomenclature system is particularly useful when the groups attached to the methanol carbon are large, aromatic, and cyclo groups.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is called phenylcarbinol or benzenecarbinol while benzyl carbinol is phenylethyl alcohol.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with Lidocaine injection.
Also, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is metabolized to Benzoic Acid, which reacts with glycine and excreted as hippuric acid in the human body.
Acceptable daily intakes were established by the World Health Organization at 5 mg/kg for Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol).

No adverse effects of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) have been seen in chronic exposure animal studies using rats and mice.
Effects of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) in chronic exposure animal studies are limited to reduced feed intake and reduced growth.
Some differences have been noted in one reproductive toxicity study using mice, but these were limited to lower maternal body weights and decreased mean litter weights.

Another study also noted that fetal weight was decreased compared to controls, but a third study showed no differences between control and Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol)-treated groups.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has been associated with an increased number of resorptions and malformations in hamsters, but there have been no reproductive or developmental toxicity findings in studies using mice and rats.
Genotoxicity tests for Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) are mostly negative, but there were some assays that were positive.

Carcinogenicity studies, however, were negative. Clinical data indicates that Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can produce nonimmunologic contact urticaria and nonimmunologic immediate contact reactions, characterized by the appearance of wheals, erythema, and pruritis.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can elicit a reaction. Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is not a sensitizer at 10%.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) could be used safely at concentrations up to 5%, but that manufacturers should consider the nonimmunologic phenomena when using Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) in cosmetic formulations designed for infants and children.

Additionally, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is considered safe up to 10% for use in hair dyes.
The limited body exposure, the duration of use, and the frequency of use are considered in concluding that the nonimmunologic reactions would not be a concern.
Because of the wide variety of product types in which Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) may be used, it is likely that inhalation may be a route of exposure.

The available safety tests are not considered sufficient to support the safety of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) in formulations where inhalation is a route of exposure.
Inhalation toxicity data are needed to complete the safety assessment of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) where inhalation can occur.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) or phenylmethanol is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH, commonly used in the production of various compounds and in the pharmaceutical industry.

The benzyl group is often abbreviated "Bn" (not to be confused with "Bz" which is used for benzoyl), thus Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is often denoted as BnOH.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a clear alcohol with a mild sweet fragrance.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a synthetic chemical produced for industry, however it can be found naturally in some plants, fruits, tea, and wines.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol)'s a useful solvent due to its low toxicity, and can be found in many cosmetics and personal care products.
Though it is among the least sensitising preservatives of its kind available, a small percentage of people can be sensitive to this ingredient on their skin.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH.

The benzyl group is often abbreviated "Bn" (not to be confused with "Bz" which is used for benzoyl), thus Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is denoted as BnOH.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a useful solvent due to its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is partially soluble in water (4 g/100 mL) and completely miscible in alcohols and diethyl ether.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is produced naturally by many plants and is commonly found in fruits and teas.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is also found in a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth, and ylang-ylang.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is also found in castoreum from the castor sacs of beavers
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a general solvent for inks, paints, lacquers and epoxy resin coatings.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is also a precursor to a variety of esters, used in the soap, perfume and flavor industries.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is often added to intravenous medication solutions as a preservative due to its bacteriostatic and antipruritic properties.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is also used as a photographic developer.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications, cosmetics and topical drugs.

The use of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) as a 5% solution has been approved by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of head lice in children older than 6 months and in adults.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) affects the louse's spiracles, preventing them from closing.
These then become clogged with water or mineral oil or other matter and cause the insect to die from asphyxiation.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol).
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has nearly the same refraction index as quartz and wool fiber.
If a clear quartz object is immersed in Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol), it becomes almost invisible.

This test has been used to determine non-destructively whether an object is truly made of quartz.
Similarly, white wool immersed in Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) also becomes almost invisible clearly revealing contaminants such as dark and medullated fibers and vegetable matter.

Melting point: -15 °C
Boiling point: 205 °C
Density: 1.045 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 3.7 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 13.3 mm Hg ( 100 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.539(lit.)
FEMA: 2137 | Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol)
Flash point: 201 °F
storage temp.: Store at +2°C to +25°C.
solubility: H2O: 33 mg/mL, clear, colorless
form: Liquid
pka: 14.36±0.10(Predicted)
color: APHA: ≤20
Relative polarity: 0.608
Odor: Mild, pleasant.
Odor Type: floral
Evaporation Rate: 1.8
explosive limit 1.3-13%(V)
Water Solubility: 4.29 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,1124
JECFA Number: 25
BRN: 878307
Henry's Law Constant: Exposure limits No exposure limit is set. Because of its low vapor pressure and low toxicity, the health hazard to humans from occupational exposure should be very low.
Dielectric constant: 13.1（20℃）
InChIKey: WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.05 at 20℃

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) a clear, colorless, liquid.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a solvent for dyes, Gelatin, Casein, Cellulose acetate, waxes, and Shellac.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is also used for mounting microscope slides and as a reagent in the developing baths for color movie films.

In conservation, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has been added to gelled soaps as a Wetting agent.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has been used as an antimicrobial agent in pharmaceutical preparations for many years.
Parenteral administration of preparations containing 0.9% Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) resulted in the death of 16 neonates in the USA in the early 1980s.

Many countries subsequently warned against using such preparations in neonates.
This decision is not applicable to the use of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) as a preservative in other circumstances or to its use in topical preparations and no country has placed a total ban on the compound.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is often added to intravenous medication solutions as a preservative due to its bacteriostatic and antipruritic properties.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is also used as a photographic developer. Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is oxidized rapidly in healthy individuals to benzoic acid, conjugated with glycine in the liver, and excreted as hippuric acid.
High concentrations can result in toxic effects including respiratory failure, vasodilation, hypotension, convulsions, and paralysis.

Newborns, especially if critically ill, may not metabolize Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) as readily as adults.
Reports in the early 1980s of sixteen neonatal deaths associated with the use of saline flush solutions containing Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) preservative led to recommendations to avoid its use in neonates.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is produced industrially from toluene via benzyl chloride, which is hydrolyzed:

C6H5CH2Cl + H2O → C6H5CH2OH + HCl
Another route entails hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, a by-product of the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid.
For laboratory use, Grignard reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide (C6H5MgBr) with formaldehyde and the Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde also give Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol).

The latter also gives Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol), an example of an organic disproportionation reaction.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol)s are widely used as solvents, fuels and chemical raw materials.
Generally, hydroxyl group compounds are polar, which trends to promote solubility in water.

But the carbon chain resist to solubility in water.
Short chain alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and propanol) in which the hydroxyl group predominates are miscible in water.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is moderately soluble because of the balance between the two opposing solubility trends.

Higher alcohols are practically insoluble in water because of the hydrocarbon chain's trend is stronger.
Alcohols are "protic" solvents. Protic refers to a hydrogen atom attached to an electronegative atom, oxygen.
Polar protic solvents are compounds that can be represented by the general formula ROH of which water (H2O), methanol (CH3OH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) are examples.

Water-soluble alcohols, low-molecular weight products, are solvents for the manufacture of coatings, dyes and inks, plastics, flavorings, personal-care products, pharmaceuticals, and cleaners.
The higher alcohols, slightly soluble in water or insoluble, can provide the proper balance of target properties when solvent-based solvents are formulated for desired viscosity, flowing and leveling, and curing rate and can be used as coupling agents in waterborne coatings.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol)s are very weak acids as they lose H+ in the hydroxyl group.

Alcohols undergoes dehydration reaction which means the elimination of water molecule replaced by a pi bond between two adjacent carbon atoms to form alkenes under heating in the presence of strong acids like hydrocloric acid or phosphoric acid.
Primary and secondary Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol)s can be oxidized to aldehydes and ketones respectively.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol)s are obtained from oxidation of aldehydes.

Oxidation in organic chemistry can be considered to be the loss of hydrogen or gain of oxygen and reduction to gain hydrogen or loss of oxygen.
Tertiary alcohols do not react to give oxidation products as they have no H attached to the alcohol carbon.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol)s undergoes important reactions called nucleophilic substitution in which an electron donor replaces a leaving group, generally conjugate bases of strong acids, as a covalent substitute of some atom.

One of important reaction of alcohol is condensation.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol)s are formed by the condensation of two alcohols by heating with sulfuric acid; the reaction is one of dehydration.
Almost infinite esters are formed through condensation reaction called esterification between carboxylic acid and alcohol, which produces water.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol)s are important solvents and chemical raw materials.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol)s are intermediates for the production of target compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, veterinary medicines, plasticizers, surfactants, lubricants, ore floatation agents, pesticides, hydraulic fluids, and detergents.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol), an aromatic primary alcohol, is a clear, oily liquid with a mild, pleasant odor; melting point at -15 C; boiling point at 205 C; specific gravity 1.04.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is soluble in water and readily soluble in alcohol and ether.

The benzene ring can be a ring-substituted with alkyl groups.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) readily forms esters with various acids and thus provides wide finish product applications including soap, perfume, flavor & fragrance, and food additive.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) shows strong polarity and limited water solubility and is a useful solvent.

Solvent application is useful in ink, lacquer, coating, degreasing agent, dyeing polyamide, and as a bonding aid.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is also used as a bacteriostatic and as a local anesthetic.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol), also known as alpha-toluenol or aromatic alcohol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol)s.

These are organic compounds containing the phenylmethanol substructure.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans.
Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol).

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has a wide range of applications, such as coatings, lacquers, photo developer systems, metal cleaning formulations, cosmetics, hair care and so on.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in pharmaceuticals and flavor and fragrance industries.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is also raw material of itself various esters.

Due to Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is low volatility and low toxicity, it is a great solvent in many specialist applications and a versatile co-solvent used in curing agent formulations for epoxy resins used in coatings, flooring systems and adhesives, etc.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has mild antiseptic properties, and it has been used in certain medical applications as a topical antiseptic for minor skin injuries.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as generally safe when used in accordance with approved concentrations in various products, including foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

In the food industry, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a flavoring agent in some food products.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) by the FDA when used in approved amounts.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) serves as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals and compounds.

For example, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can be further converted into benzyl acetate, which is a common ester used in perfumery.
Due to its solvent properties, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in industrial cleaning formulations, such as degreasers and surface cleaners.
While Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is generally considered safe when used in approved concentrations, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol)'s crucial to follow recommended usage guidelines and perform patch tests when using products containing Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol).
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has been used as a component in some injectable medications, particularly in the past.
However, concerns have been raised about its use in neonates and infants due to the potential for toxicity, and alternative formulations are now often preferred in this population.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is considered to be biodegradable, meaning that it can be broken down by natural processes over time, which can be an environmentally favorable characteristic.
The use of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) in consumer products is subject to regulatory restrictions and guidelines in different regions.
Compliance with these regulations ensures the safety and proper labeling of products containing this ingredient.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a stable compound under normal conditions, but it can oxidize to form benzaldehyde over time.
Proper storage and handling are important to maintain its integrity in various formulations.
In scientific research, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is sometimes employed as a source of hydroxyl radicals in chemical reactions.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a flame retardant additive in some plastics and resin formulations.
In some topical medications, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) may be used as a solvent or preservative.
Compounding pharmacies may use Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) in the preparation of certain medications.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a solubilizing agent, meaning it can enhance the solubility of certain substances in a solution.
In chemical synthesis, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can serve as a reaction medium or solvent for various reactions.
High concentrations of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) have been associated with reproductive and developmental toxicity in animal studies.

However, these concerns are primarily relevant to exposures that greatly exceed typical use levels, and regulatory agencies establish guidelines to ensure safe usage.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has a characteristic faint, pleasant odor.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is aromatic properties contribute to its use in perfumery and cosmetic formulations.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has a moderate vapor pressure, which means it can evaporate to some extent under certain conditions.
Proper storage conditions, including protection from light and air, are important to maintain the stability of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) in formulations.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can be broken down by microorganisms in the environment, contributing to its potential biodegradability.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is produced on an industrial scale to meet the demand for its diverse applications across various industries.

Uses:
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in cosmetics as afragrance component, preservative, solvent and diluting agent for perfumes and flavors, and viscosity-decreasing agent.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a solvent for surface-coating materials, cellulose esters and ethers, alkyd resins,acrylic resins, fats, dyestuffs,casein (when hot), gelatin, shellac and waxes.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is added in small amounts to surface-coating materials to improve their flow and gloss.

In the textile industry, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as anauxiliary in the dyeing of wool, polyamides, and polyesters.
In pharmacy it is used as a local anesthetic ingredient in over-the-counter anorectal, oral healthcare and topical analgesic drug products and, because of its antimicrobial effect, as an ingredient of ointments and other preparations (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is also a starting material for the preparation of numerous benzyl esters that are used as odorants, flavors, stabilizers for volatile perfumes, and plasticizers and is also employed in the extractive distillation of m- and p-xylenes and m- and p-cresols.

Other uses include or have included heat-sealing of polyethylene films,in color photography as a development accelerator and in microscopy as embedding material (U.S.National Library of Medicine).
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) are used in makingperfume, soap, flavoring, lotion, and ointment.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) finds application in color photography;the pharmaceuticals industry, cosmetics,and leather dyeing; and as an insect repellent.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) occurs in natural products such as oils ofjasmine and castoreum.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is widely used as a solvent for the dielectrophoretic reconfiguration of nanowires, inks, paints, lacquers and epoxy resin coatings and as a precursor to a variety of esters used in soaps, perfumes and flavoring.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is employed as a local anesthetic which reduces the pain associated with lidocaine injection.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has a various applications in baby products, bath products, soaps and detergents, eye makeup, blushers, cleansing products, make up products as well as hair, nail and skin care products.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a preservative against bacteria, used in concentrations of 1 to 3 percent.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can cause skin irritation.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a general solvent for inks, waxes, shellacs, paints, lacquers, and epoxy resin coatings.
Thus it can be used in paint strippers, especially when combined with compatible viscosity enhancers to encourage the mixture to cling to painted surfaces.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a precursor to a variety of esters and ethers, used in the soap, perfume, and flavor industries. E.g. benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, benzyl cinnamate, dibenzyl ether, benzyl butyl phthalate.

In industry, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, and in perfumery and flavoring.
As a pharmaceutical product, it is used as an anti-parasite medication used to treat head lice.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is also used as a common preservative in many injectable drugs.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a component in perfumes and fragrances.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is employed in skincare products, such as lotions and creams, for its antimicrobial properties and as a solvent.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) may be included in shampoos, conditioners, and hair dyes.

Some cosmetics, including foundations and lipsticks, may contain Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol).
In pharmaceutical formulations, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can serve as a preservative in some topical medications.
Compounding pharmacies may use Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) in the preparation of certain medications.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a flavoring agent in certain food products, and it is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) when used in approved amounts.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a flame retardant additive in some plastics and resin formulations.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) may be found in certain printing ink formulations.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a solvent in some paint and varnish formulations.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can be used as a component in certain adhesive formulations.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in some industrial cleaning formulations, including degreasers and surface cleaners.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals and compounds.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is utilized as a solvent in chemical reactions and processes.
Due to its mild antiseptic properties, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has been used in certain medical applications as a topical antiseptic for minor skin injuries.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) may be included in some insect repellent formulations.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in laboratory settings for various chemical reactions and experiments.
In some cases, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in the preservation of flowers.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a fragrance ingredient and a solvent in cosmetic and personal care products.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is employed as a preservative in some pharmaceutical formulations.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is utilized in the production of perfumes and fragrances.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) serves as a solvent for a variety of chemical reactions and a precursor for the synthesis of other chemicals.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) exhibits antimicrobial properties, making it effective as a preservative in certain products.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is preservative function helps prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can be used as a local anesthetic, especially with epinephrine.
As a dye solvent, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) enhances the process of dying wool, nylon, and leather.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics, foods, and a wide range of pharmaceutical formulations, including oral and parenteral preparations, at concentrations up to 2.0% v/v.

The typical concentration used is 1% v/v, and it has been reported to be used in protein, peptide and small molecule products, although its frequency of use has fallen from 48 products in 1996, 30 products in 2001, to 15 products in 2006.
In cosmetics, concentrations up to 3.0% v/v may be used as a preservative.
Concentrations of 5% v/v or more are employed as a solubilizer, while a 10% v/v solution is used as a disinfectant.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) 10% v/v solutions also have some local anesthetic properties, which are exploited in some parenterals, cough products, ophthalmic solutions, ointments, and dermatological aerosol sprays.
Although widely used as an antimicrobial preservative, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has been associated with some fatal adverse reactions when administered to neonates.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is now recommended that parenteral products preserved with Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol), or other antimicrobial preservatives, should not be used in newborn infants if at all possible.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications, cosmetics, and topical drugs.
Some caution is necessary if a high percent of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as benzaldehyde arises from Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) when used as preservative in an injectable formulation solution.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol), sold under the brand name Ulesfia, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2009, as a 5% solution for the treatment of head lice in people 6 months of age and older.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) affects the louse's spiracles, preventing them from closing.
These then become clogged with water or mineral oil or other matter and cause the insect to die from asphyxiation.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol).

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has nearly the same refraction index as quartz and wool fiber.
If a clear quartz object is immersed in Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol), it becomes almost invisible.
This test has been used to determine non-destructively whether an object is truly made of quartz.

Similarly, white wool immersed in Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) also becomes almost invisible, clearly revealing contaminants such as dark and medullated fibers and vegetable matter.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications, cosmetics, and topical drugs.
Some caution is necessary if a high percent of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as benzaldehyde arises from Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) when used as preservative in an injectable formulation solution.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol), sold under the brand name Ulesfia, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2009, as a 5% solution for the treatment of head lice in people 6 months of age and older.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) affects the louse's spiracles, preventing them from closing.
These then become clogged with water or mineral oil or other matter and cause the insect to die from asphyxiation.[13]

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol).
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is an ingredient used in the manufacture of soaps, topical creams, skin lotions, shampoos, and facial cleansers and is popular due to its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a common ingredient in a variety of household products.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, coating products, adhesives and sealants, polishes and waxes, inks and toners, air care products and perfumes and fragrances.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Other release to the environment of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Release to the environment of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Other release to the environment of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), paper used for large surface area articles (e.g. construction and building materials for insulation panels, wall papers), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper) and paper used for articles with intense direct dermal (skin) contact during normal use such as personal hygiene articles (e.g. nappies, feminine hygiene products, adult incontinence products, tissues, towels, toilet paper).
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is an antiparasitic agent used for the topical treatment of head lice infestation in patients 6 months of age and older.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a common ingredient that is widely used in the cosmetics and personal care industry, as well as in some food products.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a colorless liquid that is typically derived from natural sources, such as fruits and teas.
In cosmetics, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is often used as a preservative, as it helps to prevent the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms in products such as lotions, creams, and shampoos.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is also used as a solvent and fragrance ingredient, and can help to enhance the scent of products.
In food production, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a flavoring agent and to enhance the aroma of certain foods.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is commonly found in products such as baked goods, confectionery items, and soft drinks.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is generally considered safe for use in these products, as it is used in very small amounts.
While Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics and food products, some individuals may experience allergic reactions or other side effects.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products and laboratory chemicals.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in the following areas: building & construction work, health services, scientific research and development and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and .
Other release to the environment of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in the creation of artificial flavors for food products.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a common ingredient in the synthesis of various fragrances and aroma compounds.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a preservative in certain injectable medications to prevent microbial contamination.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can be used as a solvent in dyeing processes and textile printing.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) serves as a reagent and solvent in various chemical reactions and processes.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) may be used in the production of certain polymers.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a source of hydroxyl radicals in certain chemical reactions, particularly in research settings.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used as a flame retardant in certain plastics, providing fire resistance properties.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can be found in some automotive cleaning products and degreasers.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in industrial settings for degreasing and cleaning purposes.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in the formulation of some inkjet inks.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in the microelectronics industry for cleaning and as a solvent in certain processes.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) may be used in wood preservation formulations to protect against fungi and insects.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is employed in the production of certain photographic chemicals.
In addition to its use in the floral industry, Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) may be found in floral preservation products.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can be included in air fresheners and other perfumed products.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in metalworking fluids as a component of cutting and grinding fluids.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) may be used in the conservation of art and historical artifacts.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) can be used as an ingredient in certain pesticide formulations.

Safety Profile:
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical formulations.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is metabolized to benzoic acid, which is further metabolized in the liver by conjugation with glycine to form hippuric acid, which is excreted in the urine.
Ingestion or inhalation of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) may cause headache, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Overexposure may result in CNS depression and respiratory failure.
However, the concentrations of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) normally employed as a preservative are not associated with such adverse effects.
Reports of adverse reactions to Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) used as an excipient include toxicity following intravenous administration; neurotoxicity in patients administered Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) in intrathecal preparations; hypersensitivity, although relatively rare; and a fatal toxic syndrome in premature infants.

The fatal toxic syndrome in low-birth-weight neonates, which includes symptoms of metabolic acidosis and respiratory depression, was attributed to the use of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) as a preservative in solutions used to flush umbilical catheters.
As a result of this, the FDA has recommended that Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) should not be used in such flushing solutions and has advised against the use of medicines containing preservatives in the newborn.

Sensitization to Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) occurs very rarely, mainly in patients with stasis dermatitis.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is not considered to be a carcinogen, and no data are available regarding teratogenic or reproductive effects.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) has low acute toxicity with an LD50 of 1.2 g/kg in rats.

Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) oxidizes rapidly in healthy individuals to benzoic acid, conjugated with glycine in the liver, and excreted as hippuric acid.
Very high concentrations can result in toxic effects including respiratory failure, vasodilation, hypotension, convulsions, and paralysis.
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is toxic to neonates and is associated with the gasping syndrome.

Health Hazard:
Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is a low acute toxicant witha mild irritation effect on the skin.
Theirritation in 24 hours from the pure compoundwas mild on rabbit skin and moderateon pig skin.

A dose of 750 μg producedsevere eye irritation in rabbits.
The toxicityof Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) is of low order,the effects varying with the species.

Oralintake of high concentrations of this compoundproduced behavioral effects in rats.
The symptoms progressed from somnolenceand excitement to coma.
Intravenous administrationin dogs produced ataxia, dyspnea,diarrhea, and hypermotility in the animals.

Adult and neonatal mice treated withBenzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol) exhibited behavioral change,including sedation, dyspnea, and loss ofmotor function.
Pretreatment with pyrazoleincreased the toxicity of Benzyl alcohol (phenyl carbinol).
Withdisulfiram the toxicity remained unchanged.

DESCRIPTION:
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH.
The benzyl group is often abbreviated "Bn" (not to be confused with "Bz" which is used for benzoyl), thus benzyl alcohol is denoted as BnOH.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor.

CAS Number, 100-51-6
EC Number, 202-859-9
IUPAC Name: phenylmethanol
Molecular Formula: C7H8O



SYNONYMS OF BENZYL ALCOHOL (PHENYLCARBINOL):
Alcohol, Benzyl,Benzenemethanol,Benzyl Alcohol,benzyl alcohol,phenylmethanol,benzenemethanol,100-51-6,phenylcarbinol,benzylalcohol,Benzoyl alcohol,Benzenecarbinol,alpha-Toluenol,Phenylmethyl alcohol,Hydroxytoluene,(Hydroxymethyl)benzene,Phenolcarbinol,Benzal alcohol,benzylic alcohol,Alcool benzylique,Benzylicum,Methanol, phenyl-,Phenylcarbinolum,alpha-hydroxytoluene,Euxyl K 100,hydroxymethylbenzene,Ulesfia,Phenyl Methanol,Phenyl-Methanol,66072-40-0,BENZYL-ALCOHOL,Caswell No. 081F,alcoholum benzylicum,Benzyl alcohol (natural),FEMA No. 2137,Benzylalkohol,Alcohol,benzyl,NCI-C06111,.alpha.-Hydroxytoluene,Alcool benzilico,Aromatic alcohol,Alcohol, Benzyl,Alcohol bencilico,.alpha.-Toluenol,Alcool benzilico [DCIT],Itch-X,NSC 8044,HSDB 46,benzenmethanol,Benzalalcohol,Benzalcohol,CCRIS 2081,Aromatic primary alcohol,Alcoolbenzylique,Alcool benzylique [INN-French],Benzyl alkohol,Alcohol bencilico [INN-Spanish],Methanol benzene,Alcoholum benzylicum [INN-Latin],UNII-LKG8494WBH,Alcohol benzylicus,NSC-8044,EINECS 202-859-9,BnOH,LKG8494WBH,EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009502,BRN 0878307,Sunmorl BK 20,DTXSID5020152,CHEBI:17987,INS NO.1519,AI3-01680,INS-1519,MFCD00004599,Hydroxymethyl resin (100-200 mesh),TOLUENE,ALPHA-HYDROXY,benzyl alcohol (ring-13c6),DTXCID70152,Benzyl alcohol (Benzenemethanol),E-1519,EC 202-859-9,4-06-00-02222 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),BENZYL-ALPHA,ALPHA-D2 ALCOHOL,185532-71-2,NCGC00091865-01,BENZYL ALCOHOL (II),BENZYL ALCOHOL [II],MBN,BENZYL ALCOHOL (MART.),BENZYL ALCOHOL [MART.],Alcool benzylique (INN-French),BENZYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS),BENZYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS],Alcohol bencilico (INN-Spanish),Alcoholum benzylicum (INN-Latin),BENZYL ALCOHOL (EP MONOGRAPH),BENZYL ALCOHOL [EP MONOGRAPH],phenylmethan-1-ol,CAS-100-51-6,Ulesfia (TN),201740-95-6,Benzyl alcohol [USAN:INN:JAN],enzylalcohol,Protocoxil,phenyl carbinol,benzene-methanol,Benzyl Alcohole,a-Hydroxytoluene,a-Toluenol,Alcohol benzilico,Benzyl alcohol [INN:JAN:NF],Hydroxymethyl resin (200-400 mesh),PhCH2OH,Bn-OH,SCHEMBL147,Benzyl alcohol, ACS grade,bmse000407,C6H5CH2OH,CHEMBL720,WLN: Q1R,BENZYL ALCOHOL [MI],Benzyl alcohol (JP15/NF),BENZYL ALCOHOL [FCC],BENZYL ALCOHOL [INN],BENZYL ALCOHOL [JAN],BENZYL ALCOHOL [FHFI],BENZYL ALCOHOL [HSDB],BENZYL ALCOHOL [INCI],BIDD:ER0248,ALCOHOL,BENZYL [VANDF],BENZYL ALCOHOL [VANDF],ZilactinEarly Relief Cold Sore,TB 13G,Benzyl alcohol, LR, >=99%,BENZYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD],BENZYL ALCOHOL [WHO-IP],BDBM16418,NSC8044,Benzyl alcohol (JP17/NF/INN),HMS3264B16,HMS3885F10,Pharmakon1600-01502555,Benzyl alcohol, analytical standard,Benzyl alcohol, AR, >=99.5%,HY-B0892,Benzyl alcohol, anhydrous, 99.8%,Tox21_111172,Tox21_202447,Tox21_300044,BENZYL ALCOHOL [ORANGE BOOK],NSC760098,s4600,Benzyl alcohol, >=99%, FCC, FG,AKOS000119907,Benzyl alcohol, natural, >=98%, FG,CCG-213843,DB06770,NSC-760098,USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 009502,NCGC00091865-02,NCGC00091865-03,NCGC00091865-04,NCGC00254154-01,NCGC00259996-01,ALCOHOL BENZYLICUS [WHO-IP LATIN],Benzyl alcohol, ACS reagent, >=99.0%,Benzyl alcohol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%,Benzyl alcohol, USP, 98.0-100.5%,B2378,Benzyl alcohol, tested according to Ph.Eur.,Benzylalcohol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile,E1519,NS00009775,Benzyl alcohol, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%,Benzyl alcohol, SAJ first grade, >=98.5%,EN300-20016,Benzyl alcohol, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%,Benzyl alcohol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%,C00556,C03485,D00077,D70182,Q52353,AB01563201_01,A800221,SR-01000872610,J-000153,SR-01000872610-3,BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY],F0001-0019,Z104476418,3762963D-6C2A-4BFF-AD94-3180E51BCA68,Benzyl alcohol, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R),Benzyl alcohol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard,Benzyl alcohol, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.0% (GC),Benzyl alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard,nChI=1/C7H8O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6H,Benzyl alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material,Benzyl alcohol, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph.??Eur., BP, NF, 99-100.5% (GC),StratoSpheres(TM) PL-HMS (Hydroxymethylstyrene) resin, 50-100 mesh, extent of labeling: 2.0,mmol loading, 1 % cross-linked


Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a useful as a solvent for its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has moderate solubility in water (4 g/100 mL) and is miscible in alcohols and diethyl ether.
The anion produced by deprotonation of the alcohol group is known as benzylate or benzyloxide.


Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a water-white liquid with a faint aromatic odor and a sharp burning taste.
In industry, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, and in perfumery and flavoring.
As a pharmaceutical product, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as an anti-parasite medication used to treat head lice.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also used as a common preservative in many injectable drugs.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is Slightly denser than water.
Flash point of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is 194 °F.

Boiling point of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is 401 °F.
Contact may irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) May be slightly toxic by ingestion.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is Used to make other chemicals.


Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is an aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has a role as a solvent, a metabolite, an antioxidant and a fragrance.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a clear alcohol with a mild sweet fragrance.
We use this ingredient as a solvent and preservative in many of our products, keeping them stable and working at their best.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a synthetic chemical produced for industry, however it can be found naturally in some plants, fruits, tea, and wines.
It's a useful solvent due to its low toxicity, and can be found in many cosmetics and personal care products.

Though it is among the least sensitising preservatives of its kind available, a small percentage of people can be sensitive to this ingredient on their skin.
We use this ingredient with care at very low concentrations to minimise exposure, while also helping prevent the growth of microbes on our products once they are exposed to air.

NATURAL OCCURRENCES OF BENZYL ALCOHOL (PHENYLCARBINOL)
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is produced naturally by many plants and is commonly found in fruits and teas.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also found in a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth and ylang-ylang.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also found in castoreum from the castor sacs of beavers.
Benzyl esters also occur naturally.


PREPARATION OF BENZYL ALCOHOL (PHENYLCARBINOL):
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is produced industrially from toluene via benzyl chloride, which is hydrolyzed:
C6H5CH2Cl + H2O → C6H5CH2OH + HCl

Another route entails hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, a by-product of the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid.[5]
For laboratory use, Grignard reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide (C6H5MgBr) with formaldehyde and the Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde also give benzyl alcohol.

The latter also gives benzoic acid, an example of an organic disproportionation reaction.

Reactions of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol):
Like most alcohols, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) reacts with carboxylic acids to form esters.
In organic synthesis, benzyl esters are popular protecting groups because they can be removed by mild hydrogenolysis.

Benzyl alcohol reacts with acrylonitrile to give N-benzylacrylamide.
This is an example of a Ritter reaction:
C6H5CH2OH + NCCHCH2 → C6H5CH2N(H)C(O)CHCH2


APPLICATIONS OF BENZYL ALCOHOL (PHENYLCARBINOL):
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a general solvent for inks, waxes, shellacs, paints, lacquers, and epoxy resin coatings.
Thus Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can be used in paint strippers, especially when combined with compatible viscosity enhancers to encourage the mixture to cling to painted surfaces.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a precursor to a variety of esters and ethers, used in the soap, perfume, and flavor industries. E.g. benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, benzyl cinnamate, dibenzyl ether, benzyl butyl phthalate.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can be used as a local anesthetic, especially with epinephrine.
As a dye solvent, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) enhances the process of dying wool, nylon, and leather.

Use in health care:
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications, cosmetics, and topical drugs.
Some caution is necessary if a high percent of benzyl alcohol is used as benzaldehyde arises from benzyl alcohol when used as preservative in an injectable formulation solution.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), sold under the brand name Ulesfia, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2009, as a 5% solution for the treatment of head lice in people 6 months of age and older.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) affects the louse's spiracles, preventing them from closing.
These then become clogged with water or mineral oil or other matter and cause the insect to die from asphyxiation.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% benzyl alcohol.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is an ingredient used in the manufacture of soaps, topical creams, skin lotions, shampoos, and facial cleansers and is popular due to its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a common ingredient in a variety of household products





CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZYL ALCOHOL (PHENYLCARBINOL):
Chemical formula, C7H8O
Molar mass, 108.140 g•mol−1
Appearance, Colorless liquid
Odor, Slightly aromatic
Density, 1.044 g/cm3
Melting point, −15.2 °C (4.6 °F; 257.9 K)
Boiling point, 205.3 °C (401.5 °F; 478.4 K)
Solubility in water, 3.50 g/100 mL (20 °C)
4.29 g/100 mL (25 °C)
Solubility in other solvents, Soluble[vague] in benzene, methanol, chloroform, ethanol, ether, acetone
log P, 1.10
Vapor pressure, 0.18 kPa (60 °C)
Acidity (pKa), 15.40
Magnetic susceptibility (χ), −71.83•10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD), 1.5396
Viscosity, 5.474 cP
Dipole moment, 1.67 D
Thermochemistry,
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298), 217.8 J/(K•mol)
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298), −352 kJ/mol
Molecular Weight
108.14 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
XLogP3
1.1
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
1
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
1
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
108.057514874 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
108.057514874 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
20.2Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
8
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
55.4
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes

biological source
synthetic
Quality Level
600
grade
GMP
Agency
JP
Ph. Eur.
USP

vapor density
3.7 (vs air)
vapor pressure
13.3 mmHg ( 100 °C)
3.75 mmHg ( 77 °C)

form
liquid
autoignition temp.
817 °F
refractive index
n20/D 1.539 (lit.)
bp
203-205 °C (lit.)
mp
−16-−13 °C (lit.)
density
1.045 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
application(s)
semi-solid formulation
solid formulation
storage temp.
2-8°C
SMILES string
OCc1ccccc1
InChI
1S/C7H8O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6H2
InChI key
WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS number, 100-51-6
EC index number, 603-057-00-5
EC number, 202-859-9
Hill Formula, C₇H₈O
Chemical formula, C₆H₅CH₂OH
Molar Mass, 108.14 g/mol
HS Code, 2906 21 00
Boiling point, 205 °C (1013 hPa)
Density, 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit, 1.3 - 13 %(V)
Flash point, 101 °C DIN 51758
Ignition temperature, 435 °C DIN 51794
Melting Point, -15.3 °C
Vapor pressure, 0.07 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility, 40 g/l
Purity (GC), ≥ 99.5 %
Identity (IR), conforms
Color, ≤ 10 Hazen
Acidity, ≤ 0.001 meq/g
Alkalinity, ≤ 0.002 meq/g
Benzaldehyde (GC), ≤ 0.1 %
Halogen compounds,halides (as Cl), ≤ 0.001 %
Peroxide value, ≤ 5
Sulfated ash, ≤ 0.005 %
Water, ≤ 0.1 %
Al (Aluminium), ≤ 0.00005 %
B (Boron), ≤ 0.000002 %
Ba (Barium), ≤ 0.00001 %
Ca (Calcium), ≤ 0.00005 %
Cd (Cadmium), ≤ 0.000005 %
Co (Cobalt), ≤ 0.000002 %
Cr (Chromium), ≤ 0.000002 %
Cu (Copper), ≤ 0.000002 %
Fe (Iron), ≤ 0.00001 %
Mg (Magnesium), ≤ 0.00001 %
Mn (Manganese), ≤ 0.000002 %
Ni (Nickel), ≤ 0.000002 %
Pb (Lead), ≤ 0.00001 %
Sn (Tin), ≤ 0.00001 %
Zn (Zinc), ≤ 0.00001 %
CAS number, 100-51-6
EC index number, 603-057-00-5
EC number, 202-859-9
Grade, Ph Eur,ChP,JP,NF
Hill Formula, C₇H₈O
Chemical formula, C₆H₅CH₂OH
Molar Mass, 108.14 g/mol
HS Code, 2906 21 00
Quality Level, MQ500
Boiling point, 205 °C (1013 hPa)
Density, 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit, 1.3 - 13 %(V)
Flash point, 101 °C
Ignition temperature, 435 °C
Melting Point, -15.3 °C
Vapor pressure, 0.07 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility, 40 g/l
MELTING POINT:
-15.2 °C

BOILING POINT:
204.7 °C

DENSITY:
1.046 kg/l

SOLUBILITY:
water 40 g/l at 20 °C

REFRACTIVE INDEX:
20/D 1.5396

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION:
liquid

PRODUCT CODE:
191081

PRODUCT NAME:
Benzyl Alcohol (Ph. Eur.) pharma grade

QUALITY NAME:
pharma grade

HEADLINE COMMENT:
Storage between +2 and +8°C.

SPECIFICATIONS:
Assay (Acidim.): 98.0-100.5 %
Identity according to Pharmacopoeias:: passes test
Density 20/20: 1.045-1.049
Refractive Index n 20/D: 1.539-1.541

Maximum limit of impurities
Appearance of solution: passes test
Acidity: passes test
Non-volatile matter: 0.05 %
Residue on ignition (as SO4): 0.005 %
Peroxide value: 5
Halogenated compounds and halides (as Cl): 0.03%
Related substances (G.C.)
Benzaldehyde: 0.05%
Ciclohexylmethanol: 0.10%
Total imp. Tr < Benzyl Alcohol: 0.02%
Total imp. Tr > Benzyl Alcohol: 0.20%
Residual solvents (Ph.Eur.): passes test
Water (H2O): 0.2 %
Fe: 0.00005 %
Product bottled under nitrogen atmosphere
Catalogue Number, : TK.201771
Chemical Name, : Benzyl Alcohol
Grade, : Extra pure
Synonyms, : Phenylcarbinol
Cas No, : 100-51-6
EC Index Number, : 603-057-00-5
EC Number, : 202-859-9
Hill Formula, : C₇H₈O
Chemical Formula, : C₆H₅CH₂OH
Molar Mass, : 108.14 g/mol
HS Code, : 2906.21.00
Purity (Gas Chromatography), : >= 99,5 %
Density (20°C), : 1,04 - 1,05 gr/cm3
Acidity, : <= 0,0005 meq/gr
Benzadehyde, : <= 0,05 %
Water (Karl fischer), : <= 0,1 %
Colour (Pt-Co), : <= 10
Appearance, : Berrak/Clear

Physical Chemical Information
Density(20C), : 1.05 g/cm3 (20°C)
Explosion Limit, : 1.3 - 13 %(V)
Ignition Temperature, : 435 °C DIN 51794
Vapor Pressure, : 0.07 hPa (20 °C)
CAS, 100-51-6
Color, Colorless
Boiling Point, 203°C to 205°C
Ignition Residue, ≤0.005% (as SO4)
Packaging, Glass Bottle
Refractive Index, n20/D 1.539(lit.)
MDL Number, MFCD00004599,MFCD03792087
UN Number, UN3334
Synonym, benzyl alcohol, benzenemethanol, phenylcarbinol, benzoyl alcohol, hydroxytoluene, benzenecarbinol, phenylmethyl alcohol, alpha-toluenol, hydroxymethyl benzene, benzylalcohol
SMILES, OCC1=CC=CC=C1
Molecular Weight (g/mol), 108.14
PubChem CID, 244
Formula Weight, 108.14g/mol
Percent Purity, ≥99.0% (GC)
Physical Form, Liquid
Melting Point, -15.4°C
Density, 1.045g/mL at 25°C
Flash Point, 96°C (204.8°F)
Ignition Point, 817°F
Molecular Formula, C7H8O
Linear Formula, C6H5CH2OH
Quantity, 500 mL
Beilstein, 878307
InChI Key, WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name, phenylmethanol
Vapor Density, 3.7 (vs air)
ChEBI, CHEBI:17987
Vapor Pressure, 3.75mmHg (77°C), 13.3mmHg (100°C)
Grade, puriss. p.a.
Chemical Name or Material, Benzyl Alcohol, ACS reagent









SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BENZYL ALCOHOL (PHENYLCARBINOL):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.