Pyridoxol hydrochloride; Vitamin B6 hydrochloride; Deamine Hydrochloride; 5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-pyridinedimethanol hydrochloride; Pyridoxinium chloride; Adermine hydrochloride; Hexabione hydrochloride; 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine hydrochloride; 5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-pyridinedicarbinol hydrochloride; Pyridoxyl hydrochloride; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylol-a-picoline hydrochloride; Bonasanit; Pyridipea; cas no: 58-56-0

Vitamin B5, commonly known as Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) or provitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in various physiological functions within the body.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is an essential nutrient belonging to the B-complex group of vitamins.
Vitamin B5, known as Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5), is a water-soluble vitamin essential for various bodily functions.

CAS Number: 137-08-6
EC Number: 205-278-9



APPLICATIONS


Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is widely used in cosmetic and skincare formulations for its skin-soothing and moisturizing properties.
Its presence in various hair care products is known for promoting healthy hair and scalp.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) plays a role in certain wound care products due to its involvement in the healing process.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is an essential ingredient in dietary supplements and multivitamins, supporting overall health.

In the food industry, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is used to fortify certain products, enhancing their nutritional content.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is utilized in animal feed to ensure adequate nutritional intake for livestock.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is a crucial component in the pharmaceutical industry, included in various medications and supplements.
In skincare, it's utilized for its potential to improve skin hydration and barrier function.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s role in cellular metabolism supports its use in energy supplements.
In certain cosmetic formulations, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is employed for its potential in anti-aging products.
Vitamin B5's involvement in wound healing is harnessed in specific wound care solutions.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is an essential nutrient in sports nutrition supplements, aiding in energy metabolism.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is utilized in certain hair care products for its benefits to scalp health.
Its presence in certain pharmaceutical formulations supports specific health-related treatments.
In the agriculture industry, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is used to fortify animal feed and support healthy growth.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is a vital component in skincare products, contributing to skin health and hydration.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s involvement in energy production supports its application in dietary supplements.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is utilized in certain pediatric nutritional formulations to support children's health.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is included in specific wellness and health-promoting supplements.
In beauty products, it's incorporated for its potential to improve skin texture and appearance.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s benefits to metabolic health support its use in various supplements.

Its presence in wound care products aids in the healing of various skin conditions.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is diverse applications across industries emphasize its significance in maintaining health and wellness.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is a key nutrient in skincare formulations, addressing skin health and hydration.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s multifaceted uses make it an integral part of various products and supplements, contributing to health and well-being.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is utilized in certain shampoos and conditioners to promote hair health and manageability.
Its presence in skin care products is known for its soothing effects on sensitive or irritated skin.
In pharmaceuticals, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is used in specific treatments to address certain dermatological conditions.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s involvement in energy metabolism supports its application in certain energy drinks.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is utilized in specific nutritional supplements designed for stress relief and support.
In wound care, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) aids in the healing process, included in ointments and creams.

Its role in skin hydration is harnessed in moisturizers and skin creams.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is incorporated into various facial and body care products for its skin-nourishing properties.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is employed in certain topical solutions to address acne and promote clearer skin.

In ophthalmic formulations, Vitamin B5 is used to support eye health.
Its inclusion in specific dietary formulas is aimed at supporting overall health and wellness.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is used in nutritional supplements for its role in energy production.

In the beauty industry, it's used in various anti-aging and rejuvenating skin treatments.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s potential to improve skin barrier function is utilized in skincare formulations.

Its role in cell metabolism supports its application in specific cellular health formulations.
In the agricultural sector, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is used in livestock feed to support animal health.
Its presence in hair care products helps strengthen and nourish hair strands.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is used in formulations designed to support nail health and strength.
In anti-inflammatory treatments, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is included for its potential benefits.
Its use in nutritional supplements for athletes supports energy and endurance.
In dietary formulations for infants, it contributes to their overall health and growth.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s presence in dietary supplements supports nervous system health.
Its role in cellular health is utilized in specific antioxidants and cellular repair formulations.
In digestive health formulations, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) aids in certain gastrointestinal treatments.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s diverse applications underline its importance in various industries, contributing to overall health and well-being.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is integrated into specific dietary supplements to support heart health and cholesterol management.
Its presence in pet nutrition helps promote healthy coats and overall wellness in animals.

In the field of veterinary medicine, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is used in specific supplements for animal health.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s role in cellular metabolism supports its application in specific cellular health formulations.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is included in certain neurological supplements aimed at supporting brain health and cognitive function.
Its use in energy drinks is to aid in metabolic functions and overall vitality.
In dietary formulas designed for older adults, Vitamin B5 supports overall health and vitality.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is utilized in specific stress-relief formulations to support mental well-being.
Its presence in certain prenatal supplements contributes to the health and development of the fetus.
In the cosmetic industry, it's integrated into sun protection products for skin nourishment and protection.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s role in hormone synthesis supports its inclusion in hormone balance formulations.
Its involvement in enzyme systems aids in digestive health formulations.
In child nutrition, Vitamin B5 supports overall growth and development.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is used in specific memory and cognitive function supplements.
Its presence in liver health formulations supports detoxification and liver function.
In the beauty industry, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is included in specific serums and essences for skin rejuvenation.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is integrated into certain joint health formulations for support and flexibility.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s inclusion in immune system support supplements aids overall health.
Its role in neurotransmitter production supports certain mood-balancing supplements.

In the field of dentistry, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is used in certain oral health formulations for gum health.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is utilized in certain antioxidant formulations for cellular protection.
Its presence in stress-relief supplements aids in mood management and relaxation.

In skin care, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is used for its moisturizing and soothing properties.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s role in fat metabolism supports certain weight management formulations.
Its multifaceted applications underscore the versatility and importance of Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) in supporting various aspects of health and wellness.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is included in certain pre-workout supplements to boost energy levels and endurance.
Its role in protein metabolism supports its use in muscle recovery supplements.
In the beauty industry, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is integrated into hair masks for deep hydration and strengthening.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s involvement in fatty acid synthesis supports its use in lipid balance formulations.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is included in certain post-sun exposure products to soothe and repair sun-damaged skin.

In anti-aging formulations, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) aids in firming and revitalizing skin texture.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is used in specific eye care products for maintaining ocular health.

Its inclusion in certain fertility supplements supports reproductive health.
In hangover relief supplements, Vitamin B5 aids in replenishing nutrients after alcohol consumption.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s presence in certain sleep aid supplements supports relaxation and quality sleep.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is utilized in certain prenatal care supplements for the health of both mother and baby.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is included in certain mental clarity supplements to support cognitive function.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s role in adrenal health supports stress response formulations.
In digestive health, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is integrated into specific probiotic formulations for gut balance.

Its use in wound healing formulations aids in scar prevention and tissue repair.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is integrated into certain dietary fiber supplements for digestive regularity.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s role in the synthesis of hormones supports hormonal balance formulations.

Its involvement in collagen production supports skin elasticity and anti-wrinkle products.
In fertility support, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) aids in reproductive system health and functionality.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is included in certain detox supplements for liver health and toxin removal.

Its presence in certain mood support supplements aids in emotional balance and well-being.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is used in specific lung health formulations for respiratory support.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s role in sugar and fat metabolism supports diabetic care formulations.

Its inclusion in specific men's health supplements supports prostate health.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)'s multifaceted applications underline its significance in diverse health and wellness contexts.



DESCRIPTION


Vitamin B5, commonly known as Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) or provitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in various physiological functions within the body.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is an essential nutrient belonging to the B-complex group of vitamins.
Vitamin B5, known as Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5), is a water-soluble vitamin essential for various bodily functions.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is a key member of the B-vitamin complex, crucial for numerous physiological processes.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), a vital coenzyme in cellular metabolism.
Chemically, Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) consists of a β-alanine structure combined with a pantoic acid moiety.

Coenzyme A derived from Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is central to energy metabolism and various cellular functions.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is essential for the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins.
It's found in a variety of food sources, including meat, fish, whole grains, and vegetables.

Deficiency in Vitamin B5 can lead to various health issues, although it's relatively rare due to its wide presence in many foods.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is involved in the maintenance of healthy skin, contributing to its inclusion in skincare products.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is a crucial component in wound healing, often utilized in formulations designed to aid in the healing process.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is necessary for the synthesis of red blood cells and steroid hormones in the body.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) plays a role in the conversion of food into usable energy by facilitating enzymatic reactions.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) aids in maintaining the health of the nervous system.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) contributes to the maintenance of healthy hair, skin, and eyes.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is involved in the synthesis of lipids, neurotransmitters, and hemoglobin.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is a water-soluble compound and is not stored in the body to the extent fat-soluble vitamins are.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is crucial in maintaining overall bodily health and supporting numerous physiological functions.
Its involvement in enzyme systems makes it a vital part of cellular metabolism.

The recommended daily intake of Vitamin B5 varies by age and gender.
In addition to its metabolic role, it's important in the regulation of gene expression and cellular activities.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is vital in the development and maintenance of healthy tissues.

Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is used in various supplements and fortified foods to ensure adequate intake.
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) is crucial in various biochemical pathways within the body.
Deficiency, though uncommon, can result in symptoms like fatigue, irritability, and digestive disturbances.
Vitamin B5, with its multifaceted role in bodily functions, is essential for overall health and well-being.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C9H17NO5
Molar Mass: Approximately 219.24 g/mol
Structure: Contains a β-alanine structure linked with a pantoic acid moiety.


Physical Properties:

State: Typically a white, hygroscopic, and water-soluble solid.
Odor: Usually odorless.
Taste: Bitter taste when dissolved in water.
Solubility: Highly soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol and insoluble in organic solvents.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhalation occurs:

Move to Fresh Air:
If experiencing any discomfort, move to a well-ventilated area for fresh air.

Seek Medical Attention:
If breathing difficulties persist or worsen, seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

If there's contact with the skin:

Rinse with Water: Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water.

Observe for Irritation:
Watch for any signs of irritation or allergic reactions.

Seek Medical Advice:
If irritation persists or in case of an allergic response, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

In the case of contact with the eyes:

Flush with Water:
Rinse eyes with water for several minutes.

Consult a Professional:
If discomfort or redness persists, seek medical advice.


Ingestion:

If ingested in high amounts:

Rinse Mouth:
If conscious, rinse the mouth with water.

Medical Consultation:
Seek medical advice or contact a Poison Control Center if ingested in excessive quantities.

Provide Information:
Provide details about the compound and the amount ingested when seeking medical help.


General Measures:

Read the Label:
Check the label for specific instructions or warnings.

Stay Calm:
Remain calm and provide reassurance in case of exposure.

Consult a Professional:
In case of doubt or prolonged symptoms, consult with healthcare professionals or Poison Control.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
When handling, use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves and goggles to avoid direct contact with the compound.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area to prevent the inhalation of powder or vapors.

Avoid Skin Contact:
If contact occurs, wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water.

Avoid Inhalation:
Prevent inhaling Vitamin B5 powder by using a mask or protective gear, particularly when handling in powder form.

Labeling and Identification:
Ensure containers are clearly labeled to prevent mix-ups with other substances.


Storage:

Controlled Environment:
Store Vitamin B5 in a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.

Sealed Containers:
Ensure it's stored in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption.

Avoid Temperature Extremes:
Prevent exposure to high temperatures, which might degrade the compound's quality.

Separation and Segregation:
Store away from incompatible substances to avoid potential reactions or contamination.

Regulatory Compliance:
Adhere to local, regional, and national guidelines regarding the storage of supplements and chemicals.


Specific Recommendations:

Protect from Light:
Shield Vitamin B5 from direct light to maintain its efficacy.

Moisture Control:
Prevent exposure to excess moisture or humidity to maintain the quality of the supplement.

Re-Sealing:
Close containers tightly after use to maintain the integrity of the supplement.



SYNONYMS


Pantothenate
Dexpanthenol
Pantothenol
D-Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5)
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) calcium salt
Calcium D-pantothenate
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) sodium
Sodium D-pantothenate
Vitamin B5 (provitamin B5) potassium salt
Potassium D-pantothenate
Panthenol
Vitamin B-complex factor
Dexpanthenol
D-Panthenol
D-Pantothenyl alcohol
Dexpantenol
Pantethine
Panthenyl triacetate
Pantothenol
Pantothenyl alcohol
Pantol
Pantolamine
Dexpantenol
D-Pantothenylol
Pantothenylol
Provitamin B5
Vitamin B-complex factor
Avitin
Bepanthen
Pantoate
Depanthenol
Hepatamine
Pantothenic alcohol
D-Pantothenyl alcohol
Niozen

D; calciferol; cholecalciferol; ergocalciferol; viosterol; vitamin D cas no: 50-14-6

DL-all-rac-α-Tocopherol, Vitamin E; (±)-α-Tocopherol cas no: 10191-41-0

Vitamin D3 is one of two types of vitamin D.
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) has a few health benefits, including helping the body absorb calcium.


CAS-Number: 67-97-0
EC-Number: 200-673-2
Molecular Formula : C27H44O


Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) has a few health benefits, including helping the body absorb calcium.
Foods such as fish, beef liver, eggs, and cheese naturally contain vitamin D3.
Vitamin D3 can also be produced in the skin following exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.


Vitamin D3 is one of two types of vitamin D.
It differs from vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) in both its structure and sources.
Vitamin D3 provides an easy to take, highly absorbable form of Vitamin D.


This vital nutrient supports healthy bones and teeth, as well as a healthy immune system.
Of the two types (D2 and D3), D3 is the more powerful and effective at raising blood levels of Vitamin D.
Vitamin D (ergocalciferol-D2, cholecalciferol-D3, alfacalcidol) is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and phosphorus.


With that said, some manufacturers have been able to synthesize vitamin D3 from algae and lichen.
Recent studies suggest that vitamin D3 may help lower blood pressure in people with hypertension and vitamin D deficiency as well as certain groups of people with hypertension only.


According to a 2019 review of studies in the journal Medicine involving 1,687 people, vitamin D3 was able to significantly reduce systolic ("top number") blood pressure in people over the age of 50 and those with obesity.
Vitamin D3 is readily available in supplement form and sold as capsules, softgels, gummies, and liquid drops.


Most are formulated in doses higher than you need per day—between 2,000 and 10,000 IUs—but this is not a concern as only a portion will be absorbed.
The rest will be passed in urine.
Vitamin D3 is unique in that (unlike vitamin D2) you can get it from the sun.


When exposed to UVB light, an organic compound in the skin called 7-dehydrocholesterol will activate and start churning out vitamin D3.
The rate of production can vary by your age and skin tone, with older people and those with darker skin getting the least benefit.
Sunscreen can also decrease production by blocking both UV rays.


Vitamin D supplements are available in two forms: vitamin D2 (“ergocalciferol” or pre-vitamin D) and vitamin D3 (“cholecalciferol”). Both are also naturally occurring forms that are produced in the presence of the sun’s ultraviolet-B (UVB) rays, hence its nickname, “the sunshine vitamin,” but D2 is produced in plants and fungi and D3 in animals, including humans.


Few foods are naturally rich in vitamin D3.
The best sources are the flesh of fatty fish and fish liver oils.
Vitamin D comes in various forms and so far 37 active substances have been found, each of which is different in their chemical structure.


The forms that are most important to humans are D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol), of which D3 is the most active form.
We recommend that you take vitamin D in the form of D3.
For most people, the best way to get enough vitamin D is taking a supplement because it is hard to eat enough through food.



USES and APPLICATIONS of VITAMIN D3:
Supplement forms of vitamin D3 are also available and may be used for general health, as well as the treatment or prevention of vitamin D deficiency.
Some manufacturers of fruit juices, dairy products, margarine, and plant-based milk add vitamin D3 to boost their product's nutritional value, as well.
Vitamin D3 is essential to a healthy immune response aids in calcium absorption to promote strong bones and teeth.



HOW TO USE VITAMIN D3:
Take vitamin D by mouth as directed.
Vitamin D is best absorbed when taken after a meal but may be taken with or without food.
Alfacalcidol is usually taken with food.

Follow all directions on the product package.
If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
If your doctor has prescribed this medication, take as directed by your doctor.

Your dosage is based on your medical condition, amount of sun exposure, diet, age, and response to treatment.
If you are using the liquid form of this medication, carefully measure the dose using a special measuring device/spoon.
Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose.

If you are taking the rapidly-dissolving tablets, dry your hands before handling the medication.
Place each dose on the tongue, allow it to dissolve completely, and then swallow it with saliva or water.
You do not need to take this medication with water.



VITAMIN D3 vs. VITAMIN D2
Vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 are chemically similar and are both well-absorbed in the gut.
Vitamin D3 is naturally found in animals and animal-derived products like milk.
Vitamin D3 is also directly synthesized in the skin when it is exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation.

Aside from the fact that vitamin D3 is likely easier to consume in your day-to-day diet, unless you are a vegetarian or vegan, vitamin D3 has proven superior to vitamin D2 in two other important ways:
Vitamin D3 has better bioavailability, meaning more of the vitamin enters the bloodstream and can be used by the body
Vitamin D3 has a better half-life, meaning it stays in circulation for longer.
Some studies suggest that vitamin D3 raises the vitamin D level in the bloodstream 87% more than vitamin D2.



SOURCES OF VITAMIN D3:
Whether you are nutritionally deficient or simply want to meet your recommended daily allowance (RDA) of vitamin D, you can obtain ample supplies of vitamin D3 from animal-based foods, dietary supplements, and sun exposure.



VITAMIN D3 FOR THOSE WITHOUT DEFICIENCY:
Vitamin D3 For Those Without Deficiency
Beyond its use in treating vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D3 may offer health benefits to certain people without such deficiency—in particular, those with high blood pressure or osteoporosis.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of VITAMIN D3:
Formula : C27H44O
Molecular weight : 384,64 g/mol
CAS-No. : 67-97-0
EC-No. : 200-673-2
Index-No. : 603-180-00-4
Physical state: crystalline
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 84 - 85 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 10,24
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of VITAMIN D3:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of VITAMIN D3:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of VITAMIN D3:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of VITAMIN D3:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of VITAMIN D3:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of VITAMIN D3:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Vitamin D3
Activated 7-dehydrocholesterol
Cholecalciferol
7-Dehydrocholesterol activated
Calciol

SYNONYMS DL-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate; 3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-b- enzopyran-6-ol, acetate; Tocopheryl acetate; 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol acetate; 133-80-2; 1407-18-7; 18920-61-1; 54-22-8; DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate;CAS NO. 7695-91-2

Vitamin E acetate; Tocopherol acetate; alpha-Tocopherol acetate; D-alpha-tocopherol acetate; Alfacol; Ephynal acetate; Ecofrol; (+)-alpha-Tocopherol acetate; CAS NO : 52225-20-4

CAS Number: 58-95-7
Alternate CAS Number: 7695-91-2; Deleted: 54-22-8; 133-80-2; 14017-18-7; 18920-61-1
Molecular Weight: 481.80



APPLICATIONS


Vıtamin E Acetate is often used in dermatological products such as skin creams.
Further, Vıtamin E Acetate is not oxidized and can penetrate through the skin to the living cells, where about 5% is converted to free tocopherol.
Claims are made for beneficial antioxidant effects.

Vıtamin E Acetate is used as an alternative to tocopherol itself because the phenolic hydroxyl group is blocked, providing a less acidic product with a longer shelf life.
Moreover, Vıtamin E Acetate is believed that the acetate is slowly hydrolyzed after it is absorbed into the skin, regenerating tocopherol and providing protection against the sun's ultraviolet rays.
Vıtamin E Acetate was first synthesized in 1963.

Although there is widespread use of Vıtamin E Acetate as a topical medication, with claims for improved wound healing and reduced scar tissue, reviews have repeatedly concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support these claims.

There are reports of vitamin E-induced allergic contact dermatitis from use of vitamin E derivatives such as Vıtamin E Acetate and tocopherol acetate in skin care products.
Incidence is low despite widespread use.

Vitamin E Acetate is used in personal care formulations of the hair and skin as an antioxidant, moisturizing agent and improves the elasticy and smoothness of the skin.
Furthermore, Vıtamin E Acetate is used for vitamin E deficiency and ataxia.


Medicinal Benefits of Vıtamin E Acetate:

Vıtamin E Acetate contains Tocopheryl acetate, a fat-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant.
Further, Vıtamin E Acetate helps nourish and protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals.
Vıtamin E Acetate is an anti-inflammatory agent that may also decrease heart disease risk, certain cancers, vision problems, and brain disorders.

Vıtamin E Acetate protects cells from further damage caused by external factors like pollution, harsh weather, smoking and thus prevents wrinkle formation.
Moreover, Vitamin E acetate is also a natural skin lightening product that decreases melanin production and enhances skin tone, texture, sensitivity, and reduces uneven skin colour.
Vıtamin E Acetate is known to repair and regenerate the skin's damaged tissues, thus aiding in wound healing and recovery of burns.


Directions for Use of Vıtamin E Acetate:

Tablet/Capsule:

Swallow Vıtamin E Acetate as a whole with a glass of water.
You can take Vıtamin E Acetate with or without food at regular intervals, as prescribed by the doctor.
Do not crush, chew, or break Vıtamin E Acetate.

Liquid:

Shake Vıtamin E Acetate well before use.
Measure the prescribed amount of liquid with a measuring cup or a dosing syringe and take it as advised by the doctor.


Vıtamin E Acetate strengthens and nourishes lipid barrier
Moreover, Vıtamin E Acetate protects the skin against UV rays, as well as to alleviate the effects of sunburn.
Vıtamin E Acetate accelerates wound healing and has anti-inflammatory properties.

Vıtamin E Acetate is an excellent natural preservative that ensures the stability of a cosmetic preparation.
Further, Vıtamin E Acetate is widely used in almost all care cosmetics, from creams, rejuvenating and moisturizing lotions, through products to protect against sun rays, ending with dermatological agents supporting wound healing, and soothing the effects of burns (including sunburns).

The suggested concentration of Vıtamin E Acetate in cosmetics is up to 5%.
Vıtamin E Acetateis perfectly soluble in fats (oils, cosmetic butters, etc.), it does not dissolve in water.

Vitamin E Acetate is an active ingredient for use in cosmetic products for the skin and the hair.
As an in-vivo antioxidant, Vıtamin E Acetate protects the cells against free radicals and prevents the peroxidation of body fats.
Vıtamin E Acetate is also an effective moisturizing agent and improves the elasticity and smoothness of the skin.

Vıtamin E Acetate is particularly suitable for use in sun-protection products and products for daily personal care.
Moreover, Vıtamin E Acetate is not oxidized and can penetrate through the skin to the living cells, where about 5% is converted to free tocopherol and provides beneficial antioxidant effects.


Vıtamin E Acetate has been used:

as a supplement in the human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) to assess its impact on cell growth
as a component of Dulbecco′s Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12) for immortalized chondrocyte cell line
as a component of serum-free medium for human colon tissue organ culture
to test its antioxidant effects on cow articular chondrocytes



DESCRIPTION


Because of its antioxidant characteristics and capabilities, studies have shown Vıtamin E Acetate's effectiveness in treating many conditions ranging from Alzheimer's to certain blood disorders, and even decreasing menstrual cramp pain.
While Vıtamin E Acetate is consumed via foods, dietary supplements, and even included in many cosmetic products like skin cream, officials at the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) identified Vitamin E acetate as a common component in many of the marijuana vaping products and oils that have hospitalized thousands with vaping-related illness and injury (EVALI), even resulting in death in some cases.

Vitamin E acetate doesn't necessarily cause harm when ingested as a supplement or applied to the skin via a cream, but studies have shown it can cause harm when inhaled. The sticky oil substance can cling to lung tissue resulting in illness, though the direct correlation and affect is still being rigorously studied, tested, and analyzed.
Further, Vıtamin E Acetate has been found as an additive in vaping products, especially those containing THC, either as a thickening agent or dilution to make the oil in cartridges go further.

Vıtamin E Acetate belongs to a class of vitamins, primarily used to treat vitamin E deficiency and ataxia (impaired balance) due to various complications or long-term diseases.

More to that, Vitamin E deficiency occurs when you do not get an adequate amount of Vitamin E from the diet.
Symptoms include muscle and nerve damage, loss of sensation in the arms and legs, vision problems, walking and coordination difficulty, numbness, and tingling sensation.

Vıtamin E Acetate contains Vitamin E acetate, a fat-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties.
When too many free radicals accumulate in the body, Vıtamin E Acetate leads to various complications and diseases. Vitamin E acetate helps nourish and protect the skin from damage caused by the free radicals.

Vıtamin E Acetate also lowers the chances of heart diseases, cancers, vision problems, and brain disorders.

You are advised to take Vıtamin E Acetate for as long as your doctor has prescribed it for you, depending on your medical condition.
You may experience side effects like headache, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, diarrhoea, flatulence, abdominal pain, rash, fatigue, and weakness.
Most of these side effects of Vıtamin E Acetate do not require medical attention and gradually resolve over time. However, if the side effects persist or worsen, please consult your doctor.

If you are allergic to Vıtamin E Acetate or any other medicines, it is advised to inform your doctor before starting Vıtamin E Acetate.
Inform your doctor if you have/had liver or kidney diseases, low blood pressure, cancer, bleeding disorder, or heart attack.

If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, please notify your doctor before using Vıtamin E Acetate.
If you are taking any medicines or supplements, inform your doctor about them.
Vıtamin E Acetate may cause blurred vision and fatigue; hence it is advisable not to drive unless you are alert.

Vitamin E acetate isn't necessarily harmful when ingested as a supplement or applied to the skin via a cream, but studies have shown it can cause harm when inhaled.
Further, Vıtamin E Acetate in healthy doses is good for you; there's no debate there.

Vıtamin E Acetate is a vitamin that dissolves in fat, and is naturally occurring in many of the wholesome foods you eat daily.

Because of its antioxidant characteristics and capabilities, studies have shown Vitamin E's effectiveness in treating many conditions ranging from Alzheimer's to certain blood disorders, and even decreasing menstrual cramp pain.
While Vıtamin E Acetate is consumed via foods, dietary supplements, and even included in many cosmetic products like skin cream, officials at the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) identified Vitamin E acetate as a common component in many of the marijuana vaping products and oils that have hospitalized thousands with vaping-related illness and injury (EVALI), even resulting in death in some cases.

Vitamin E acetate doesn't necessarily cause harm when ingested as a supplement or applied to the skin via a cream, but studies have shown it can cause harm when inhaled.
The sticky oil substance can cling to lung tissue resulting in illness, though the direct correlation and affect is still being rigorously studied, tested, and analyzed.

Vıtamin E Acetate has been found as an additive in vaping products, especially those containing THC, either as a thickening agent or dilution to make the oil in cartridges go further.

Vitamin E acetate was found in the lungs of 94 percent (48 of 51) of patients suffering vaping-related illness, but in none of the 99 healthy participants in a study published by The New England Journal of Medicine.

The FDA oversees Vitamin E acetate's usage as a supplement in lotions and regulates tobacco-related products, including nicotine vape products.
Policing Vitamin E acetate's inclusion in THC-based vape products has proven to be much harder, considering the fact that marijuana regulations differ from state to state and marijuana is still banned at the federal level.

As with most of the information regarding vaping due to its recent rise in popularity, Vitamin E acetate's role and effects are still being studied and determined.
One thing is for sure, inclusion of Vıtamin E Acetate has been somewhat of a recent addition; for example, vape cartridges studied in Minnesota in 2018 were without Vitamin E acetate, but those from 2019 contained the additive.

While there's not much information on Vitamin E acetate's lasting impact on your lung health, what we know now is enough to at least avoid products that use it if you can.
Vıtamin E Acetate (alpha-tocopherol acetate), also known as vitamin E acetate, is a synthetic form of vitamin E. Vıtamin E Acetate is the ester of acetic acid and α-tocopherol.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that vitamin E acetate is a very strong culprit of concern in the 2019 outbreak of vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), but there is not yet sufficient evidence to rule out contributions from other chemicals.
Vaporization of this ester produces toxic pyrolysis products.

Alpha-tocopherol is one of the most important compounds in Vıtamin E Acetate.
Vıtamin E Acetate owes its position to unique features – strong antioxidant properties, high absorbability, and the ability to store it in the body.
Other important features of Vıtamin E Acetate include anti-cancer properties.

Thanks to Vıtamin E Acetate, it is possible to stabilize biological membranes.
Vıtamin E Acetate is used in completely different fields.
On the one hand, Vıtamin E Acetate is present in building materials, plastic and rubber equipment, and on the other hand, in medicines and dietary supplements.



PROPERTIES


Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): Yellow
Appearance (Form): Viscous liquid
Assay: min. 98%
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.494 - 1.498
Suitability for Tissue Culture: Passes
Biological source: plant
Quality Level: 200
Description: Synthesized from natural α-tocopherol
Form: liquid (or semi-solid)
Specific activity: ~1360 IU/g
mol wt: Mw 472.74 g/mol
Purified by: crystallization
Technique(s): cell culture | insect: suitable
Color: white to yellow



SYNONYMS


(+)-ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE
D-2,5,7,8-TETRAMETHYL-2-(4,8,12-TRIMETHYLTRIDECYL)-6-CHROMANOL ACETATE
D-ALFACOL
D-ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE
D-ALPHA-TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
D-A-TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
D-CONTOPHERON
D-ECON
D-FERTILVIT
D-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE
D-TOCOPHRIN
D-VITAMIN E ACETATE
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
VITAMIN E
VITAMIN E ACETATE
VITAMIN E ACETATE (D-FORM)
VITAMIN E ALPHA TOCOPHEROL ACETATE
VITAMINE E-ACETATE
(2r,4’r,8’r)-alpha-tocopherylacetate
(2R,4’R,8’R)-O-Acetyl-α-tocopherol
(2R)-3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol 6-Acetate
Ephynal Acetate
(+)-α-Tocopherol Acetate
(+)-Vıtamin E Acetate
2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-, 6-acetate, (2R)
Vitamin E acetate
D-Alpha-tocopheryl acetate
D-a-Tocopherol acetate
(R,R,R)-a-Tocopheryl acetate
d-Vitamin E acetate
6-Chromanol, 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, acetate, (+)-

Vitamin E Acetate α-Tocopheryl acetate, also known as vitamin E acetate, is a synthetic form of vitamin E. It is the ester of acetic acid and α-tocopherol.[2] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that vitamin E acetate is a very strong culprit of concern in the 2019 outbreak of vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI),[3] but there is not yet sufficient evidence to rule out contributions from other chemicals. Use in cosmetics α-Tocopheryl acetate is often used in dermatological products such as skin creams. It is not oxidized and can penetrate through the skin to the living cells, where about 5% is converted to free tocopherol. Claims are made for beneficial antioxidant effects.[6] α-Tocopheryl acetate is used as an alternative to tocopherol itself because the phenolic hydroxyl group is blocked, providing a less acidic product with a longer shelf life. It is believed that the acetate is slowly hydrolyzed after it is absorbed into the skin, regenerating tocopherol and providing protection against the sun's ultraviolet rays.[7] Tocopheryl acetate was first synthesized in 1963 by workers at Hoffmann-La Roche. Although there is widespread use of tocopheryl acetate as a topical medication, with claims for improved wound healing and reduced scar tissue,[9] reviews have repeatedly concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support these claims.[10][11] There are reports of vitamin E-induced allergic contact dermatitis from use of vitamin E derivatives such as tocopheryl linoleate and tocopherol acetate in skin care products. Incidence is low despite widespread use. Misuse Ingredient in vape liquids See also: 2019–20 vaping lung illness outbreak, Vaping-associated pulmonary injury, and Lacing (drugs) § Cannabis On September 5, 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) announced that 10 out of 18, or 56% of the samples of vape liquids sent in by states, linked to recent vaping related lung disease outbreak in the United States, tested positive for vitamin E acetate[13] which had been used as a thickening agent by illicit THC vape cartridge manufacturers.[14] On November 8, 2019, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified vitamin E acetate as a very strong culprit of concern in the vaping-related illnesses, but has not ruled out other chemicals or toxicants as possible causes.[3] The CDC's findings were based on fluid samples from the lungs of 29 patients with vaping-associated pulmonary injury, which provided direct evidence of vitamin E acetate at the primary site of injury in all the 29 lung fluid samples tested.[3] Research suggests when vitamin E acetate is inhaled, it may interfere with normal lung functioning.[5] A 2020 study found that vaporizing vitamin E acetate produced carcinogenic alkenes and benzene, but also exceptionally toxic ketene gas, which may be a contributing factor to the pulmonary injuries.[15] Chemistry At room temperature, α-tocopheryl acetate is a fat-soluble liquid. It has 3 chiral centers and thus 8 stereoisomers. It is made by esterifying α-tocopherol with acetic acid. 2R,4R,8R-isomer, also known as RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate, is the most common isomer used for various purposes. This is because α-tocopherol occurs in the nature primarily as RRR-α-tocopherol.[2] Vitamin E acetate does not boil at atmospheric pressure and begins to degrade at 240 °C.[2] It can be vacuum distilled: it boils at 184 °C at 0.01 mmHg, at 194 °C (0.025 mmHg) and at 224 °C (0.3 mmHg). In practice, it is not degraded notably by air, visible light or UV-radiation. It has a refractive index of 1.4950–1.4972 at 20 °C.[1] Vitamin E acetate is hydrolyzed to α-tocopherol and acetic acid under suitable conditions or when ingested by people. Health Benefits There are many benefits that are claimed to be offered by tocopheryl acetate, these include: Treating vitamin E deficiency Promoting healthy skin (such as moisturizing and preventing wrinkles) Helping with wound healing Reducing inflammation Slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) Cancer prevention and cancer treatment symptoms (such as side effects of radiation therapy) Treating heart disease Improving cognitive decline, such as Alzheimer’s disease Uses This supplement is used to prevent or treat a lack of Vitamin E acetate in the body. A low body level of Vitamin E acetate is rare. Most people who eat a normal diet do not need extra Vitamin E acetate. However, Vitamin E acetate supplements are used in premature newborns and in people who have problems absorbing enough Vitamin E acetate from their diets. Vitamin E acetate is important in protecting your body's cells from damage. It is known as an antioxidant. How to use Vitamin E acetate Take this product by mouth as directed. Follow all directions on the product package. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. If you are using a liquid form of this product, carefully measure your dose using a medication-measuring device or spoon. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose. If your liquid form is a suspension, shake the bottle well before each dose. Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose or take it more often than recommended. Taking too much Vitamin E acetate may increase your risk of side effects. High doses of Vitamin E acetate (400 units or more per day) may increase the chance of rare but very serious side effects. There is no proof that high doses of Vitamin E acetate help to prevent or treat heart disease. There is very little evidence that it helps prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease. In some people, taking these high doses may even be harmful. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist and discuss the risks and benefits before taking Vitamin E acetate supplements. If your doctor prescribes this product for Vitamin E acetate deficiency, use it regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day. You should see improvement of symptoms such as numbness/tingling of the hands/feet and weakness. If your condition persists or worsens, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, seek immediate medical attention. METHODS BAL fluids were collected from 51 patients with EVALI in 16 states and from 99 healthy participants who were part of an ongoing study of smoking involving nonsmokers, exclusive users of e-cigarettes or vaping products, and exclusive cigarette smokers that was initiated in 2015. Using the BAL fluid, we performed isotope dilution mass spectrometry to measure several priority toxicants: vitamin E acetate, plant oils, medium-chain triglyceride oil, coconut oil, petroleum distillates, and diluent terpenes. RESULTS State and local health departments assigned EVALI case status as confirmed for 25 patients and as probable for 26 patients. Vitamin E acetate was identified in BAL fluid obtained from 48 of 51 case patients (94%) in 16 states but not in such fluid obtained from the healthy comparator group. No other priority toxicants were found in BAL fluid from the case patients or the comparator group, except for coconut oil and limonene, which were found in 1 patient each. Among the case patients for whom laboratory or epidemiologic data were available, 47 of 50 (94%) had detectable tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or its metabolites in BAL fluid or had reported vaping THC products in the 90 days before the onset of illness. Nicotine or its metabolites were detected in 30 of 47 of the case patients (64%). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin E acetate was associated with EVALI in a convenience sample of 51 patients in 16 states across the United States. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute and others.) DATA ANALYSIS Results are presented as percentages of persons in whom BAL fluid samples tested positive for the measured toxicant or metabolite biomarker. Because of the limited volume of BAL fluid, results for all analytes were not available for all participants. Since the analysis of vitamin E acetate was prioritized, results regarding vitamin E acetate are reported for all the participants. Denominators reflect the actual number of participants for whom samples were tested for each analyte. In our study, the detection of vitamin E acetate in BAL fluid in most of the patients with EVALI provides evidence that e-cigarette, or vaping, products can deliver vitamin E acetate to respiratory epithelial-lining fluid, the presumed site of injury in the lung. In this convenience sample, the finding that 48 of 51 patients with lung injury had vitamin E acetate in their BAL fluid is noteworthy. By contrast, vitamin E acetate was not detected in any BAL fluid collected from 99 healthy participants, including 18 e-cigarette users. In addition, the absence of other toxicants (plant oils, medium-chain triglyceride oil, coconut oil, petroleum distillates, and diluent terpenes) in BAL fluids from nearly all patients with EVALI provides evidence against the role of any of these toxicants as a primary cause of EVALI. Whether limonene or coconut oil (found in the BAL fluid of 1 patient each) may have some toxicologic effect is unclear. Vitamin E acetate was not detected in the BAL fluid obtained from three patients with probable EVALI. Since EVALI is a diagnosis of exclusion for which there is no confirmatory diagnostic test, we could not confirm case status for these three patients. The Vitamin E acetate case definition is intentionally sensitive, which raises the likelihood that a patient’s illness could be misattributed to Vitamin E acetate. The alternative diagnoses that are listed in Table 4 could reasonably explain the lung injury in these patients. Of note, the two patients who were successfully interviewed by public health officials denied vaping THC products. Reliable information on the time interval from the last use of an e-cigarette product until bronchoscopy is not available, so we cannot assess the likelihood that vitamin E acetate may have already been cleared from the lung in these patients. The detection of vitamin E acetate and other oils can be impaired by inadequate mixing of BAL fluid. Because BAL fluid was collected and processed in the local hospital setting according to its own protocols, we could not confirm that samples were adequately mixed. Patient 2 (as described in Table 4) reported the daily use of flavored nicotine products and had positive results for limonene (which is found in flavored nicotine solutions) in BAL fluid. Whether limonene has a toxicologic effect is unclear.22,23 Vitamin E acetate is commonly used as a dietary supplement and in skin creams. It is common in multivitamins and is enzymatically cleaved to vitamin E during absorption.24,25 Although the ingestion and dermal application of vitamin E acetate have not generally been associated with adverse health effects, the safety of inhaling vitamin E acetate has received little attention. Vitamin E acetate is the ester of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and acetic acid. The structure shows a long aliphatic tail that can penetrate a layer of surfactant to align the molecule in parallel with phospholipids26 (Fig. S1). Phosphatidylcholines undergo transition from a gel to a liquid crystalline phase when exposed to increasing amounts of tocopherols, such as vitamin E acetate.26,27 Transitioning to a liquid crystalline phase25 would cause the surfactant to lose its ability to maintain the surface tension that is necessary to support respiration in the lung,26,28,29 thus providing a possible mechanism by which vitamin E acetate could cause respiratory dysfunction. Another potential harmful effect of vitamin E acetate that may contribute to lung injury occurs when it is heated in e-cigarette products. Heating vitamin E acetate in these devices may create ketene by splitting off the acetate group from some or all of the vitamin E acetate.30 Ketene is a reactive compound that has the potential to be a lung irritant, depending on concentration. The CDC is currently examining ways to quantify ketene and its effects in BAL fluid. Data that have been reported to date indicate that vitamin E acetate in the supply of THC-containing products and use among patients with EVALI aligns with the timing of the 2019 EVALI outbreak. In Minnesota, 10 of 10 products seized by law enforcement during 2018, before the EVALI outbreak, did not contain vitamin E acetate, whereas 20 of 20 THC-containing products seized by law enforcement during September 2019, at the peak of the outbreak, contained vitamin E acetate.31 This finding is consistent with laboratory measurements and trade websites, which suggests that the addition of vitamin E acetate to product fluid began to appear in the illicit market in late 2018 or early 2019 and gained popularity in 2019. Pure THC oil has a viscosity like that of vitamin E acetate. Cutting THC oil with vitamin E acetate has been reported to be common in the illicit market.9-11 The FDA reports that most case-associated THC product fluids contain vitamin E acetate, at an average concentration of 50% by weight, ranging from 23 to 88%.8 By contrast, the FDA detected no vitamin E acetate in 197 case-associated nicotine products analyzed to date. The viscosity of vitamin E acetate makes it undesirable as an additive to nicotine solutions; the propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin in nicotine solutions create a fluid with a much lower viscosity than that of vitamin E acetate. Additional studies (including studies in animals) are in progress to examine the respiratory effects of inhaling aerosolized vitamin E acetate and will provide information on whether vitamin E acetate in isolation causes lung injury.32 Research analyzing the aerosol and gases generated by case-associated product fluids is ongoing. This study has several limitations. First, it is possible that vitamin E acetate may be a marker for exposure to alternative toxicants. Such an alternative toxicant would need to meet at least three criteria: correlate with the presence of vitamin E acetate in BAL fluid, be in widespread use across the United States, and have been added to THC product fluids in 2019 or substantially increased in concentration in 2019 to match the timing of the outbreak. We have not been able to identify a toxicant that meets these three requirements but continue to study this possibility. Second, the contribution to injury of aerosol constituents formed from the heating of vitamin E acetate, especially at higher voltages, requires further examination. Until aerosolized constituents are better characterized, it is possible that one or more of them could act alone or synergistically with other compounds such as vitamin E acetate to increase the risk of Vitamin E acetate. Third, sample collection was performed as part of routine clinical care and thus was not standardized. Fourth, the timing and burden of exposure to the potential toxicants in relation to the BAL sample acquisition could not be assessed. Finally, this study reports data for case patients and healthy comparators from an independent cross-sectional study, which limits insights because samples were collected at a single point in time, and the possibility of unknown confounding remains. Vitamin E acetate may play a role in EVALI, a conclusion supported by the high detection rate of vitamin E acetate in BAL fluid from case patients who live in 16 states across the United States and the absence of vitamin E acetate in samples obtained from a healthy comparison group, by the absence of other priority toxicants in nearly all BAL fluid samples from case patients, by a biologically plausible mechanism for lung injury associated with vitamin E acetate, and by the temporal alignment between EVALI and the use of vitamin E acetate in the illicit marketplace. Results from studies in animals can provide information on whether exposure to vitamin E acetate alone can directly cause the lung injury seen in patients with Vitamin E acetate. Vitamin E acetate, an oily chemical added to some THC vaping liquids to thicken or dilute them, has emerged as “one very strong culprit of concern,” said Anne Schuchat, principal deputy director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, at a press briefing. The chemical is a synthetic form of vitamin E, and it’s used — safely — in nutritional supplements and skin creams. But it isn’t safe to inhale. Sticky and honey-like, it can hang around in the lungs, health officials said, interfering with how they function. Samples taken from 29 patients in 10 states, for a CDC Mortality and Morbidity Weekly report released Friday, found the chemical in all samples, while other potential toxins — such as plant and mineral oils — weren’t. It’s “direct evidence of vitamin E acetate at the primary site of injury within the lungs,” Schuchat said. But Schuchat also emphasized the CDC’s investigation isn’t over: Officials still can’t say for sure that vitamin E acetate is the source of harm in all cases. “Identifying a collection of information that points to vitamin E acetate as a concern for lung pathology doesn’t mean that there are not other components causing lung harm,” she added. Right now, though, the chemical has emerged as a likely culprit. And the new finding adds to the evidence from federal and state investigations showing vitamin E acetate appears to be a common link in many vaping-related illness cases. Of the 419 THC-containing products the Food and Drug Administration has tested, 50 percent contained the sticky substance as of November 8. Recent data from Utah found the chemical in 89 percent of the THC-containing cartridges tested there. New York State — where health officials were first to signal concern about vitamin E acetate — found vitamin E acetate in many of the THC vaping cartridges used by patients suffering respiratory illness. Black market cannabis suppliers have been known to use vitamin E acetate — but legitimate suppliers may be using the chemical, too State and federal investigations have also found many of the THC products people reported using were THC cartridges purchased through informal or black market sources. And vitamin E acetate has reportedly been used as a cheap cutting agent by illicit cannabis suppliers. But even in states where cannabis vaping products are manufactured by legitimate sources, regulators haven’t necessarily been checking for the presence of vitamin E acetate. Cannabis is subject to a patchwork of state-level health regulations where it’s legal or decriminalized. As I reported recently, these regulations are generally weak and inadequate, revealing a problem in cannabis oversight in this country. So in Washington state, for example, the Liquor and Cannabis Board regulates the recreational cannabis marketplace, and products are tested for “potency, moisture, foreign matter, microbiological, mycotoxins (fungi), and residual solvents,” according to a spokesperson there. But only medical-grade products are also tested for pesticides and heavy metals. The list of tests also doesn’t include checking for chemicals, such as vitamin E acetate, that have emerged as a health threat. “Until only recently with the outbreak of the vapor associated lung injury crisis, no one suspected additional safety tests should be considered,” a spokesperson for the board said. The United States Federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been working with state investigators on reported cases of lung illnesses linked to e-cigarette or vaping products. Symptoms of difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, chest pains, gastrointestinal sickness leading to serious lung damage and death has been linked to the risk behavior of using vaping products bought on the streets in healthy young people. CDC has detected vitamin E acetate as a chemical of concern among people with the lung injury. Vitamin E acetate is a condensing agent in vaping products, and all injured lung fluid samples appear to harbor this agent. The mysterious outbreak is identified in individuals vaping within the 90 days, ranging over a few days to developing over several weeks. There is growing evidence that vaping is hazardous to your health including immediate health dangers such as death from respiratory causes, long term health effects, cardiovascular events, depression which increases the risk of suicidal thoughts and suicide. This review article summarizes the growing knowledge of acute respiratory complications associated with vaping. g. Specifically, vitamin E acetate is most commonly used as an additive in THC-containing vape/e-cigarette products; vitamin E acetate is an oily chemical added to THC vaping liquids used to thicken or dilute them. A vape-related injury concerning a teenage boy in Canada has recently gained the media’s attention as well. The 17-year-old boy vaped “intensively,” adding THC to his devices. He initially showed symptoms aligning with bronchiolitis (lung condition normally caused by a bacterial or viral infection), but many patients that have vape-related illnesses in the United States have experienced damage to the alveoli; this type of injury was not found. Instead, his case aligned more with an injury called “popcorn lung,” an ailment most commonly seen in factory workers of microwave popcorn plants nearly 20 years ago. This new vape-related case calls for further exploration into the toxicity of vape liquid, as the patient’s condition could have been caused by the THC added to the vaping devices, or the chemical that affected factory workers in the past - diacetyl. Diacetyl is present in many e-cigarette flavors [14]. The American Lung Association has called for the FDA to require that diacetyl and other hazardous chemicals be removed from e-cigarette cartridges. While it is still widely debated which particular component of vape liquid is the cause of illness, vitamin E acetate, specifically, has been identified as a potential culprit in vape-related illnesses. The New York Times recently reported an analysis of lung fluid samples from 29 patients with vaping-related illnesses (including two who died), and the analysis suggests that vitamin E acetate is a "very strong culprit" in causing lung injuries. The lung fluid samples were collected from patients across the United States so that these findings may have implications nationwide. Moreover, Dr. Anne Schuchat, principal deputy director of the CDC, explained, “For the first time, we have detected a potential toxin of concern, vitamin E acetate, from biological samples from patients… The analysis provided evidence of vitamin E acetate at the primary site of injury in the lungs” [15]. Vitamin E acetate is sticky, giving it the ability to remain in the lungs. THC was also reported to be found in 82% of samples from 28 patients, which was remarkable as THC tends to leave the lungs quickly [16]. The evidence on how vitamin E acetate affects the lungs of vape users is notable because vitamin E acetate has been acknowledged as a majorly harmful chemical that may be contributing to vape-related illnesses and deaths. Lung scans have revealed different outlines of lung parenchyma suggesting possible different processes in injury. One pattern points to lipoid pneumonia which can occur with lipid containing ingredients or oils aerosolized into the airways causing inflammation and compromised function [17]. The respiratory epithelium has a complicated network of extracellular membranes essential for breathing and survival. Surfactant membranes form a stable monolayer at the air-liquid interface, reducing the surface tension at the air-liquid interface, therefore stabilizing the lung against collapse and helping lungs expand. Oil in the lung interferes with this ordered/disordered lipid phase coexistence in lung surfactant with alterations in phase coexistence [18]. The American Medical Association has made calls for a ban on vaping products, and Washington state has now banned vape products containing vitamin E acetate, thought to be linked to illness [19-20]. Although the substance is not banned in the United States and has not been officially declared as a deadly substance, many states are making advances to ban the use of the chemical in vape products. States like Massachusetts are considering a ban on flavored tobacco and vape products, and in New York, Manhattan is expected to become the largest city to ban all vaping flavors except tobacco. Other states that have already banned the use of vitamin E acetate in vape products include Colorado and Ohio. Greater public awareness of this deadly condition helps with implementing comprehensive, population-based interventions for this preventable disease. What’s Vitamin E acetate? Alpha-Vitamin E acetate (ATA) is a specific form of Vitamin E acetate that’s often found in skin care products and dietary supplements. It’s also known as Vitamin E acetate, tocopherol acetate, or Vitamin E acetate. Vitamin E acetate is known for its antioxidant properties. Antioxidants help to protect your body from damaging compounds called free radicals. Normally, free radicals form when your body converts food into energy. However, free radicals can also come from UV light, cigarette smoke, and air pollution. In nature, Vitamin E acetate comes in the form of tocopheryl or tocotrienol. Both tocopheryl and tocotrienol have four forms, known as alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. Alpha-tocopheryl (AT) is the most active form of Vitamin E acetate in humans. Vitamin E acetate is more stable than AT, meaning it can better withstand environmental stresses such as heat, air, and light. This makes it ideal for use in supplements and fortified foods because it has a longer shelf life. Where can I find Vitamin E acetate? Cosmetics and supplements You’ll find Vitamin E acetate in a variety of skin care products. The antioxidant properties of Vitamin E acetate can help to prevent damage to skin caused by free radicals from UV exposure. Vitamin E acetate may also have an anti-inflammatory effect on the skin. Due to its higher stability, Vitamin E acetate is also used in Vitamin E acetate dietary supplements. When taken orally, Vitamin E acetate is converted to AT within the intestine. Vitamin E acetate is in most multi-vitamins, so be sure to check how much is in your multi-vitamin if you take one, before adding a supplement. Foods In addition to dietary supplements and cosmetic products, you can find Vitamin E acetate in the following foods: green leafy vegetables, such as broccoli and spinach oils, such as sunflower oil, wheat germ oil, and corn oil sunflower seeds nuts, such as almonds and peanuts whole grains fruits, such as kiwi and mango Vitamin E acetate is also added to fortified foods, such as cereals, fruit juices, and many spreads. You can check food labels to see if Vitamin E acetate has been added. If you want to increase your Vitamin E acetate intake, you should start by first increasing your intake of these foods. Potential benefits Using AT on the skin, especially with vitamin C, helps to prevent UV damage to the skin. In a review of studies, the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University found that using AT with vitamin C on the skin decreased sunburned cells, DNA damage, and skin pigmentation following UV exposure. However, AT is less stable in the environment than Vitamin E acetate, which makes it harder to store. While Vitamin E acetate is less sensitive to heat and light than AT is, there’s less conversion of Vitamin E acetate to the active AT form within the skin. This is because the cells in the upper layer of your skin are much less metabolically active. As a result, using cosmetic products containing Vitamin E acetate on your skin may not be very effective. This is supported by a study from 2011 published in the Medical Principles and Practice journal. Using several commercial skin care products, researchers looked at the conversion of Vitamin E acetate to the active AT form in the skin of live rats. They found that, while there was Vitamin E acetate in the upper levels of the skin after using the product, there was no active AT. While there are many studies on the potential benefits of AT, studies on the benefits of Vitamin E acetate are limited. The results of these studies on Vitamin E acetate are mixed. Vitamin E acetate usually needs to be used with other vitamins and minerals to have a beneficial effect. A 2013 study of over 4,000 participants with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study found that their combination of high dose antioxidants C, E, and beta-carotene, along with zinc, worked to delay progression to advanced AMD. In another review of studies, the Linus Pauling Institute found that consuming Vitamin E acetate along with other antioxidant supplements had no effect on either the development or prevention of cVitamin E acetateracts. Regarding the benefits of Vitamin E acetate supplements overall, study results have been mixed on whether they’re beneficial for the following conditions: coronary heart disease cancer cognitive decline, such as Alzheimer’s disease Potential risks Most people don’t experience side effects when taking the recommended daily dose of Vitamin E acetate, which is 15 milligrams (mg). Too much Vitamin E acetate can cause problems. The tolerable upper limit dose of Vitamin E acetate for adults is 1,000 mg. High doses above 1,000 mg have been associated with the following side effects: dizziness fatigue headaches weakness blurred vision abdominal pain diarrhea nausea If you take high doses of Vitamin E acetate supplements for over a year, your risk of bleeding may increase. Speak to your doctor before taking Vitamin E acetate supplements if you take anticoagulant medication. It’s unlikely that you’ll get too much Vitamin E acetate from foods, but it can happen if you’re also taking supplements. A 2011 studyTrusted Source published in the Journal of the American Medical Association also showed that men taking high doses of Vitamin E acetate supplements had a higher risk of developing prostate cancer. It’s important to remember that the FDA doesn’t monitor supplements for purity or quality, so choosing a reputable brand is essential. Using skin care products containing Vitamin E acetate can also lead to an allergic reaction, skin reddening, or rash. The bottom line Vitamin E acetate is a form of Vitamin E acetate that’s often included in cosmetic products and dietary supplements due to its higher stability compared to AT. When taken orally, Vitamin E acetate is converted into active AT within the body. The effectiveness of Vitamin E acetate in cosmetic products seems to be limited because Vitamin E acetate isn’t effectively broken down to AT in the upper layers of skin. Additionally, research on the benefits of Vitamin E acetate supplements is limited and the results are mixed at best. If you’re looking to get more Vitamin E acetate, try adding foods such as leafy green vegetables, nuts, and wheat germ oil to your diet. Speak with your doctor before adding any supplements.

Vitamin E acetate, also known as tocopheryl acetate, is a synthetic form of vitamin E.
Vitamin E acetate is a stable ester form of vitamin E, widely used in the formulation of cosmetics for the prevention or correction of skin damage.
Vitamin E acetate is added to these products for its potential benefits in promoting skin health and as an antioxidant.

CAS Number: 7695-91-2
Molecular Formula: C31H52O3
Molecular Weight: 472.74
EINECS Number: 231-710-0

Vitamin E acetate, an ester of tocopherol (vitamin E), can induce allergic contact dermatitis.
Tocopherol and Vitamin E acetate are used mainly as antioxidants.
Vitamin E acetate is the ester of acetic acid and tocopherol, a naturally occurring antioxidant and fat-soluble vitamin.

Vitamin E acetate is essential for the proper functioning of the human body and is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Vitamin E acetate is commonly used in various skincare products, cosmetics, and dietary supplements.
In skincare products, Vitamin E acetate is often used to reduce the effects of aging, moisturize the skin, and protect against damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Vitamin E acetates are lipid soluble anti-oxidants that protect cell membranes from oxidative damage.
Vitamin E acetate is the form of tocopherol preferentially absorbed by Homosapiens.
Vitamin E acetate can inhibit oxidation of linoleate.

α-Tocopheryl acetate (alpha-tocopherol acetate), also known as vitamin E acetate, is a synthetic form of vitamin E.
It is the ester of acetic acid and Vitamin E acetate.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that vitamin E acetate is a very strong culprit of concern in the 2019 outbreak of vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), but there is not yet sufficient evidence to rule out contributions from other chemicals.

Vaporization of this ester produces toxic pyrolysis products.
At room temperature, Vitamin E acetate is a fat-soluble liquid. It has 3 chiral centers and thus 8 stereoisomers.
Vitamin E acetate is made by esterifying α-tocopherol with acetic acid.

Vitamin E acetate, is the most common isomer used for various purposes.
This is because α-tocopherol occurs in nature primarily as Vitamin E acetate.
Vitamin E acetate does not boil at atmospheric pressure and begins to degrade at 240 °C.

Vitamin E acetate can be vacuum distilled: it boils at 184 °C at 0.01 mmHg, at 194 °C (0.025 mmHg) and at 224 °C (0.3 mmHg).
In practice, it is not degraded notably by air, visible light or UV-radiation.
Vitamin E acetate has a refractive index of 1.4950–1.4972 at 20 °C.

Vitamin E acetate is hydrolyzed to α-tocopherol and acetic acid under suitable conditions or when ingested by people.
Vitamin E acetate is a specific form of vitamin E that’s often found in skin care products and dietary supplements.
It’s also known as tocopheryl acetate, tocopherol acetate, or vitamin E acetate.

Vitamin E is known for its antioxidant properties.
Antioxidants help to protect your body from damaging compounds called free radicals.
Normally, free radicals form when your body converts food into energy.

However, free radicals can also come from UV light, cigarette smoke, and air pollution.
In nature, vitamin E comes in the form of tocopheryl or tocotrienol.
Both tocopheryl and tocotrienol have four forms, known as alpha, beta, gamma, and delta.

Vitamin E acetate is the most active form of vitamin E in humans.
ATA is more stable than AT, meaning Vitamin E acetate can better withstand environmental stresses such as heat, air, and light.
This makes it ideal for use in supplements and fortified foods because it has a longer shelf life.

Vitamin E Acetate is an active ingredient for use in cosmetic products for the skin and the hair.
As an in-vivo antioxidant, it protects the cells against free radicals and prevents the peroxidation of body fats.
Vitamin E acetate is also an effective moisturizing agent and improves the elasticity and smoothness of the skin.

Vitamin E acetate is particularly suitable for use in sun-protection products and products for daily personal care.
Vitamin E acetate is not oxidized and can penetrate through the skin to the living cells, where about 5% is converted to free tocopherol and provides beneficial antioxidant effects.
Vitamin E acetate is a well-known antioxidant that occurs naturally in vegetables, vegetable oils, seeds, and fruits.

Specifically, Vitamin E acetate refers to a group of 8 isoprenoid molecules known as tocochromanols.
Each molecule shares a similar structure with a core hydroxychromane group linked to a phytyl chain of 16 carbon atoms.
Vitamin E acetate is typically added as viscous oil to multivitamins and skin creams in the form of vitamin E acetate, the combined ester of acetate and α-tocopherol.

This synthetic analog of Vitamin E acetate is stable, easy to produce, and is hydrolyzed to vitamin E once it enters the body.
Though vitamin E acetate is common in several consumer products, it has only recently been used as a diluent for THC-containing vape or e-cigarette products.
Presumably, the additive is used to help with appearance, taste, and production cost.

Vitamin E acetate, known for its antioxidant activities, is protective against cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer and has also demonstrated immune-enhancing effects.
Vitamin E acetate may be of limited benefit in some with asthma and rheumatoid arthritis.
Vitamin E acetate may be helpful in some neurological diseases including Alzheimer's, some eye disorders including cataracts, and diabetes and premenstrual syndrome.

Vitamin E acetate may also help protect skin from ultraviolet irradiation although claims that it reverses skin aging, enhances male fertility and exercise performance are poorly supported.
Vitamin E acetate may help relieve some muscle cramps.
Vitamin E acetate has antioxidant activity.

Vitamin E acetate may also have anti-atherogenic, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, neuroprotective, antiviral, immunomodulatory, cell membrane-stabilizing and antiproliferative actions.
Vitamin E acetate is a collective term used to describe eight separate forms, the best-known form being alpha-tocopherol.
Vitamin E acetate is a fat-soluble vitamin and is an important antioxidant.

Vitamin E acetate acts to protect cells against the effects of free radicals, which are potentially damaging by-products of the body's metabolism.
Vitamin E acetate is often used in skin creams and lotions because it is believed to play a role in encouraging skin healing and reducing scarring after injuries such as burns.
There are three specific situations when a Vitamin E acetate deficiency is likely to occur.

Vitamin E acetate is seen in persons who cannot absorb dietary fat, has been found in premature, very low birth weight infants (birth weights less than 1500 grams, or 3½ pounds), and is seen in individuals with rare disorders of fat metabolism.
Vitamin E acetate deficiency is usually characterized by neurological problems due to poor nerve conduction.
Symptoms may include infertility, neuromuscular impairment, menstrual problems, miscarriage and uterine degradation.

Preliminary research has led to a widely held belief that Vitamin E acetate may help prevent or delay coronary heart disease.
Antioxidants such as Vitamin E acetate help protect against the damaging effects of free radicals, which may contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer.
Vitamin E acetate also protects other fat-soluble vitamins (A and B group vitamins) from destruction by oxygen.

Low levels of Vitamin E acetate have been linked to increased incidence of breast and colon cancer.
Vitamin E acetate is derived from vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) by adding an acetyl group to it.
This chemical modification makes it more stable and suitable for use in various products, such as supplements and skincare items.

Vitamin E acetate, in its various forms, is known for its antioxidant properties.
Antioxidants help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals and oxidative stress.
This protection is thought to have various health benefits.

Vitamin E acetate is commonly used in dietary supplements and is available in different forms, including d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate.
Vitamin E acetate's often included in multivitamin preparations and standalone vitamin E supplements.

In skincare, vitamin E acetate is often used for its potential benefits in reducing the effects of UV damage and helping to maintain healthy skin.
Vitamin E acetate is commonly found in moisturizers, serums, and other cosmetic products.
Vitamin E acetate is sometimes used in the fortification of food products.

Vitamin E acetate can be added to various foods and beverages to increase their vitamin E content, which can be beneficial for individuals who may not get enough of this vitamin through their regular diet.
As mentioned earlier, there was a specific issue related to a different form of "vitamin E acetate" that was used in some black-market vaping products.
This specific compound, which was not intended for inhalation, was associated with serious lung injuries.

Vitamin E acetate's important to differentiate between this use and the use of vitamin E acetate in dietary supplements and skincare products, where it is intended for ingestion or topical application.
When used according to recommended guidelines and dosages, vitamin E acetate is generally considered safe for most people.

However, like any supplement or ingredient, it should be used in moderation.
Excessive intake of vitamin E, in any form, can lead to potential health risks, so it's important to follow product instructions and consult with a healthcare professional when in doubt.

Melting point: -28°C
Boiling point: 224 °C0.3 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 0.96 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 16.3 (vs air)
refractive index: n20/D 1.497
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.:2-8°C
solubility:Practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in acetone, in anhydrous ethanol and in fatty oils.
form: neat
Specific Gravity: 0.962 (20/4℃)
color: Clear yellow viscous liquid
Odor: Odorless
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Sensitive: Air & Light Sensitive
Merck: 14,9495
BRN: 97512
InChIKey: ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-CEFNRUSXSA-N
LogP: 12.260 (est)

Vitamin E acetate, also known simply as tocopheryl acetate, is a synthetic form of vitamin E found in dietary supplements and skin care products.
Vitamin E acetate is considered the most stable and active form of vitamin E and the best option overall for treating vitamin E deficiency.1
Vitamin E acetate is marketed to prevent several health conditions or diseases.

Research on tocopheryl acetate and vitamin E supplementation, in general, has not proven many of these health claims.
This article describes the various uses of tocopheryl acetate and what the current research says about its effectiveness.
Vitamin E acetate also explains the possible risks of tocopheryl acetate.

Vitamin E acetate is the primary form of vitamin E that is preferentially used by the human body to meet appropriate dietary requirements.
In particular, the RRR-alpha-tocopherol (or sometimes called the d-alpha-tocopherol stereoisomer) stereoisomer is considered the natural formation of alpha-tocopherol and generally exhibits the greatest bioavailability out of all of the alpha-tocopherol stereoisomers.
Moreover, Vitamin E acetate is a relatively stabilized form of vitamin E that is most commonly used as a food additive when needed 6.

Vitamin E acetate is subsequently most commonly indicated for dietary supplementation in individuals who may demonstrate a genuine deficiency in vitamin E.
Vitamin E acetate itself is naturally found in various foods, added to others, or used in commercially available products as a dietary supplement.
Although all forms of Vitamin E acetate exhibit antioxidant activity, it is known that the antioxidant activity of vitamin E is not sufficient to explain the vitamin's biological activity.

Vitamin E acetate's anti-atherogenic activity involves the inhibition of the oxidation of LDL and the accumulation of oxLDL in the arterial wall.
Vitamin E acetate also appears to reduce oxLDL-induced apoptosis in human endothelial cells.
Oxidation of LDL is a key early step in atherogenesis as it triggers a number of events which lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque.

In addition, Vitamin E acetate inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) activity.
PKC plays a role in smooth muscle cell proliferation, and, thus, the inhibition of PKC results in inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, which is involved in atherogenesis.
Vitamin E acetate's antithrombotic and anticoagulant activities involves the downregulation of the expression of intracellular cell adhesion molecule(ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1 which lowers the adhesion of blood components to the endothelium.

Vitamin E acetate upregulates the expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 which in turn enhances the release of prostacyclin.
Prostacyclin is a vasodilating factor and inhibitor of platelet aggregation and platelet release.
Vitamin E acetate is also known that platelet aggregation is mediated by a mechanism involving the binding of fibrinogen to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) complex of platelets.

Vitamin E acetate is the major membrane receptor protein that is key to the role of the platelet aggregation response.
Vitamin E acetate is the alpha-subunit of this platelet membrane protein.
Vitamin E acetate downregulates GPIIb promoter activity which results in reduction of GPIIb protein expression and decreased platelet aggregation.

Vitamin E acetate has also been found in culture to decrease plasma production of thrombin, a protein which binds to platelets and induces aggregation.
A metabolite of vitamin E called Vitamin E acetate quinone or alpha-tocopheryl quinone (TQ) is a potent anticoagulant.
This metabolite inhibits vitamin K-dependent carboxylase, which is a major enzyme in the coagulation cascade.

The neuroprotective effects of Vitamin E acetate are explained by its antioxidant effects. Many disorders of the nervous system are caused by oxidative stress.
Vitamin E acetate protects against this stress, thereby protecting the nervouse system.
The immunomodulatory effects of Vitamin E acetate have been demonstrated in vitro, where alpha-tocopherol increases mitogenic response of T lymphocytes from aged mice.

The mechanism of this response by Vitamin E acetate is not well understood, however it has been suggested that vitamin E itself may have mitogenic activity independent of its antioxidant activity.
Lastly, the mechanism of action of Vitamin E acetate's antiviral effects (primarily against HIV-1) involves its antioxidant activity.
Vitamin E acetate reduces oxidative stress, which is thought to contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis, as well as to the pathogenesis of other viral infections.

Vitamin E acetate also affects membrane integrity and fluidity and, since HIV-1 is a membraned virus, altering membrane fluidity of HIV-1 may interfere with its ability to bind to cell-receptor sites, thus decreasing its infectivity.
Vitamin E acetate can be found in two main forms, natural and synthetic.

Vitamin E acetate (d-alpha-tocopherol) is generally considered more biologically active and is usually labeled with a "d" prefix, such as d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate.
Synthetic Vitamin E acetate is less active and is labeled with "dl."
Natural forms are often preferred for supplements, as they are more efficiently utilized by the body.

Vitamin E acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Vitamin E acetate is believed to have several potential health benefits, including:
Vitamin E acetate is often used in skincare products due to its ability to moisturize and protect the skin.

Vitamin E acetate may help reduce signs of aging and skin damage from UV rays.
Some studies suggest that Vitamin E acetate may have a protective effect on heart health by reducing the risk of coronary artery disease.
Vitamin E acetate plays a role in supporting the immune system, helping the body defend against infections and illnesses.

Vitamin E acetate may contribute to maintaining good eye health and reducing the risk of age-related macular degeneration.
Vitamin E acetate helps neutralize harmful free radicals, which can contribute to various chronic diseases.
Vitamin E acetate is naturally present in a variety of foods, including nuts, seeds, vegetable oils (such as wheat germ, sunflower, and safflower oil), green leafy vegetables, and fortified cereals.

The recommended dietary allowance for Vitamin E acetate varies depending on age, sex, and life stage.
For most adults, Vitamin E acetate ranges from 15-15 milligrams (mg) per day.
Pregnant and lactating women may require slightly more.

Vitamin E acetate supplements are commonly available, but they are generally recommended for individuals who have a deficiency or specific medical conditions.
Taking high doses of vitamin E supplements over a long period is not advisable without consulting a healthcare provider, as it can lead to adverse effects, including bleeding issues.

Excessive intake of Vitamin E acetate can lead to potential health risks, such as increased risk of bleeding, digestive issues, and in some cases, even more serious health problems.
Vitamin E acetate's important to stay within the recommended daily allowances and consult a healthcare professional before taking high-dose supplements.

Uses:
vitamin E acetate (tocopherol acetate) is an anti-oxidant with skinmoisturizing activity.
Given its free-radical scavenging properties, it is useful in uV protective products.
Vitamin e acetate is commonly used to replace vitamin e because it is more stable and is converted to vitamin e by the body.

Vitamin E acetate occurs naturally in most vegetable oils.
The highest concentrations are found in com, soybean oils, sunflower seed, wheat germ, rapeseed, alfalfa, and lettuce.
Vitamin E acetate is claimed to have age-retardant properties.

May produce erythemamultiforme-like eruptions.
Vitamin E acetate is used in a number of cosmetic products; creams are used for scars, striae, and bums; in pharmaeeutical ereams and deodorants; as an antioxidant in foods.
Vitamin E acetate is often used in dermatological products such as skin creams.

Vitamin E acetate is not oxidized and can penetrate through the skin to the living cells, where about 5% is converted to free tocopherol.
Claims are made for beneficial antioxidant effects.
Vitamin E acetate is used as an alternative to tocopherol itself because the phenolic hydroxyl group is blocked, providing a less acidic product with a longer shelf life.

Vitamin E acetate is believed that the acetate is slowly hydrolyzed after it is absorbed into the skin, regenerating tocopherol and providing protection against the sun's ultraviolet rays.
Vitamin E acetate was first synthesized in 1963 by workers at Hoffmann-La Roche.
Although there is widespread use of Vitamin E acetate as a topical medication, with claims for improved wound healing and reduced scar tissue, reviews have repeatedly concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support these claims.

There are reports of vitamin E-induced allergic contact dermatitis from use of Vitamin E acetate derivatives such as tocopheryl linoleate and tocopherol acetate in skin care products.
Incidence is low despite widespread use.
Vitamin E acetate has many proposed uses, primarily because of its antioxidant properties, which are thought to protect cells from free radicals.

Vitamin E acetate supplements are commonly used to help individuals meet their recommended daily intake.
They are available in various forms, including capsules, softgels, and tablets.
These supplements can be used to support overall health, including immune function and antioxidant protection.

Vitamin E acetate is sometimes recommended by healthcare professionals for specific medical conditions, such as vitamin E deficiency or certain neurological disorders.
Skin and Beauty Products:
Vitamin E acetate is frequently used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums.
Vitamin E acetate is valued for its moisturizing properties and potential benefits in reducing signs of aging and protecting the skin from UV damage.

Vitamin E acetate can also be applied topically to address minor skin irritations and promote skin healing.
Vitamin E, including vitamin E acetate, is sometimes added to food products to increase their nutritional value.
Commonly fortified foods include cereals, breakfast bars, and certain beverages.

Vitamin E acetate is used supplements for specific health purposes, such as promoting heart health or reducing the risk of age-related eye conditions.
Vitamin E acetate may also play a role in immune system support, helping the body fight infections and illnesses.
Topical application of Vitamin E acetate-containing creams or ointments is sometimes used to aid in wound healing, particularly for minor burns, cuts, and scars.

Vitamin E acetate is included in various cosmetics, including lipsticks and lip balms, for its moisturizing properties and potential skin benefits.
Vitamin E acetate has been used as a component in some pharmaceutical formulations.
Vitamin E acetate is sometimes used as an antioxidant in food processing to prevent the oxidation of fats and oils.

Vitamin E acetate is sometimes included in shampoos, conditioners, and hair treatments to help promote healthy hair and scalp. It can add shine and moisture to the hair.
Some nail and cuticle creams contain Vitamin E acetate to help strengthen and protect the nails and surrounding skin.
There is some evidence to suggest that Vitamin E acetate may have anti-inflammatory properties, and it has been explored as a complementary therapy for conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Vitamin E acetate is sometimes included in eye drops or ointments to help relieve dry eyes and protect the ocular surface.
Vitamin E acetate has been studied for its potential role in supporting neurological health, especially in the context of conditions like Alzheimer's disease.
Vitamin E acetate has been investigated for its potential to mitigate skin damage caused by radiation therapy in cancer treatment.

Some research has examined the impact of Vitamin E acetate on male fertility, as it is believed to have antioxidant properties that can protect sperm from damage.
Some individuals take Vitamin E acetate supplements as part of their preventive health regimen to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and promote overall well-being.
Vitamin E acetate supplements are used in animal nutrition to ensure that animals receive adequate nutrition and to address specific health issues.

Vitamin E acetate, when applied topically, may help protect the skin from damage caused by UV rays and can be found in some sunscreens and sunblock products.
Vitamin E acetate is sometimes used as an antioxidant additive in cosmetics, oils, and other products to extend their shelf life by preventing oxidation.
Vitamin E acetate is used as an antioxidant to protect oils, fats, and other substances from oxidative degradation.

Vitamin E acetate oil, which contains vitamin E acetate, is used for various purposes, including skin moisturization, scar reduction, and as a natural preservative for homemade skincare products.
Vitamin E acetate is often incorporated into cosmetic formulations like lip balms, lipsticks, and foundations to help prevent product spoilage and to provide moisture to the skin.

Many anti-aging creams and serums contain Vitamin E acetate, as it is believed to help reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, in addition to protecting the skin from environmental damage.
Apart from vitamin E acetate, other forms of vitamin E, such as tocopherols, are used in the food industry as natural antioxidants to prevent the spoilage of food products containing fats and oils.

Vitamin E acetate is sometimes combined with other antioxidants, like vitamin C, to create formulations with enhanced antioxidant properties.
Vitamin E acetate-based creams and lotions are often used to alleviate dry and rough skin conditions, such as eczema and psoriasis.
In alternative and complementary medicine, Vitamin E acetate is sometimes recommended for various health purposes, including the management of PMS symptoms, skin disorders, and neurological conditions.

Vitamin E acetate supplements are sometimes used in pet care, especially for dogs, to support their skin and coat health and overall well-being.
Vitamin E acetate oil or products with vitamin E are applied to the scalp and hair to promote hair growth and improve the health and appearance of the hair.
Nail strengtheners and treatments often contain Vitamin E acetate to help fortify and nourish the nails.

Some research suggests that Vitamin E acetate may help improve blood circulation, which can be beneficial in certain medical conditions.
Vitamin E acetate has been studied for its potential benefits in supporting liver health, especially in cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Safety Profile:
Vitamin E acetate supplements are commonly taken orally to meet daily nutritional requirements or to address deficiencies.
They come in various forms, such as capsules, softgels, and tablets.
Vitamin E acetate is often used in skincare products, such as lotions, creams, and serums, to provide moisturization and protect the skin from oxidative damage.

Vitamin E acetate may help reduce the signs of aging and promote healthy skin.
Vitamin E acetate creams and ointments can be applied to wounds, burns, and scars to potentially speed up the healing process and minimize scarring.
Vitamin E acetate is sometimes used to support cardiovascular health by reducing the risk of coronary artery disease.

However, its effectiveness for this purpose remains a subject of ongoing research.
Vitamin E acetate plays a role in supporting the immune system, helping the body defend against infections and illnesses.
Vitamin E acetate may help maintain good eye health and reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration.

Vitamin E acetate serves as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals and oxidative stress, which is associated with various chronic diseases.
Vitamin E acetate is added to certain food products to increase their nutritional value, particularly in fortified cereals and breakfast bars.

Synonyms:
Vitamin E acetate
alpha-Tocopherol acetate
58-95-7
Tocopherol acetate
Alfacol
D-alpha-tocopherol acetate
D-ALPHA-TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
Ecofrol
Contopheron
Tofaxin
Econ
Ephynal acetate
(+)-alpha-Tocopherol acetate
Tokoferol acetate
Evipherol
Tocopherex
Tocophrin
Erevit
Gevex
Tocopheryl acetate
Combinal E
Epsilan-M
E-Toplex
E-Ferol
Endo E Dompe
Spondyvit
alpha-Tocopheryl acetate
Copherol 1250
Covitol 1100
Covitol 1360
Vitamin Ealpha acetate
Vitamin E acetate, d-
Nanotopes
Simmyungsaengmosu
NatAc
Tinoderm E
Fertilvit
Natur-E granulate
DL-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate
Lutavit E 50
Ephynal
Juvela
(+)-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate
CCRIS 4389
(R,R,R)-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate
EINECS 200-405-4
UNII-A7E6112E4N
52225-20-4
D-alpha tocoferil acetate
(2R,4'R,8'R)-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate
A7E6112E4N
DL-alpha-Tocopherylacetate
d-Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate
alpha-Tocopherol acetate, (2R,4'R,8'R)-
RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate
(+)-alfa-tocopherol acetate
alpha-tocopheryl acetate, D-
54-22-8
DTXSID1031096
CHEBI:32321
9E8X80D2L0
D-|A-Tocopherol acetate
T-3376
d-Vitamin E acetate
Tocopheryl Acetate, d-Alpha
NCGC00166253-02
2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-cromanyl acetate, (+)-
6-Chromanol, 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, acetate, (+)-
6-Cromanol, 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, acetate, (+)-
2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, acetate
DTXCID601356
alpha-Tocopherol acetate, all rac
2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, acetate, (2R-(2*(4R*,8R*)))-
2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, acetate, [2R-[2R*(4R*,8R*)]]-
3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl acetate, (2R-(2*(4R*,8R*)))-
DTXSID3021356
DL-alpha-Tocopherylacetate (Vitamin E acetate)
D-.alpha.-Tocopherol acetate
ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE, D-
ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE. D-
Vectan (TN)
NSC 755840
NSC-755840
[(2R)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-yl] acetate
2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, acetate, (2R)-
DL--Tocopherol acetate
J24.807J
SMR000857327
CAS-52225-20-4
MFCD00072042
.alpha.-Tocopheryl acetate
2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, 6-acetate, (2R)-
D-.alpha.-Tocopheryl acetate
(+)-.alpha.-Tocopherol acetate
(+)-.alpha.-Tocopheryl acetate
DTXCID60196594
(R,R,R)-.alpha.-Tocopheryl acetate
DL-alpha-Tocopherylacetate (Vitamin E acetate) 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
(R)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-yl acetate
EINECS 231-710-0
MFCD00072052
(2R)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl acetate
2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, acetate, (2R-(2R*(4R*,8R*)))-
Tocopheryl acetate,alpha
Vitamin E Acetate (D-form)
Tocopheryl acetate, D-alpha-
Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate
D-ALPHA TOCOFERIL ACETATE (MART.)
D-ALPHA TOCOFERIL ACETATE [MART.]
UNII-9E8X80D2L0
BRN 0097512
(2R,4'R,8'R)-.alpha.-Tocopheryl acetate
2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, acetate, (2R)-rel-
Tocopherolacetate, alpha-
Tocopherol acetate [JAN]
Tocopherol acetate (JP17)
CHEMBL1047
SCHEMBL22298
MLS001335985
MLS001335986
DL-ALPHA-TOCOPHEROLACETATE
2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl acetate #
EC 231-710-0
HMS2230C20
(2R,4'R,8'R)-alpha-Tocopherol acetate
[2R-[2R*(4R,8R*)]]-3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol acetate
5-17-04-00169 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Acetate, Tocopherol
Tox21_111491
Tox21_111564
Tox21_113467
Tox21_303444
3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-benzopyran-6-yl acetate
AKOS025117621
Tox21_113467_1
D--Tocopherol acetate
.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE, D-
CAS-58-95-7
NCGC00095255-08
NCGC00166253-01
NCGC00257504-01
AS-13784
alpha Tocopherol Acetate
d alpha Tocopheryl Acetate
DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate, >=96% (HPLC)
6-Chromanol, 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, acetate
D01735
DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate, analytical standard
[(2R)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]chroman-6-yl] acetate
3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-b- enzopyran-6-ol, acetate
Q-201933
Vitamin E acetate (unlabeled)
W-109259
VITAMIN E ALPHA ACETATE
ECA8C22F-B5D3-4B88-A9B7-AF6C600001BB
(+)- alpha -Tocopherol acetate
DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate, tested according to Ph.Eur.
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE,D-ALPHA
HY-B1278
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE [WHO-DD]
Vitamin E acetate, unspecified form
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, alpha, D-
s3681
Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol acetate)
Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
alpha-Tocopherol acetate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
CCG-269474
DB14002
(+)-alpha-Tocopherol acetate, BioReagent, suitable for insect cell culture, ~1360 IU/g
.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE. D-
Tocopheryl Acetate, a, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE [MI]
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, .ALPHA., D-
(2R)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl acetate
2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, 6-acetate
All-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate for peak identification, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
ALPHA TOCOPHERYL ACETATE (USP-RS)
RRR-ALPHA-TOCOPHERYL ACETATE [FCC]
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE,D-ALPHA [VANDF]
CS-0013056
T2322
VITAMIN E (ALPHA-TOCOPHERYL ACETATE)
A11606
D70796
alpha-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE, UNSPECIFIED FORM
EN300-7398027
A865381
Q364160
Z2681891483
Vitamin E acetate (dimethyl-13C2, acetyl-13C2, 99%; dimethyl-D6, 98%)
(+)-2,5,7,8-TETRAMETHYL-2-(4,8,12-TRIMETHYLTRIDECYL)-6-CHROMANOL ACETATE
(2R-(2R*(4R*,8R*)))-3,4-DIHYDRO-2,5,7,8-TETRAMETHYL-2-(4,8,12-TRIMETHYLTRI-DECYL)-2H-1-BENZOPYRAN-6-OL ACETATE
2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol,3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-,acetate, (2R)-

Synonyms: PVP/VA (Copovidone) --VA64/VA73;Aceticacid,ethenylester,polymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone;aceticacidethenylester,polymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone;aceticacidethenylestercopolymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone;aceticacidvinylester,polymerwith1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone;gantrons860;i535;i635 CAS: 25086-89-9

Alpha-Tocopherol is the orally bioavailable alpha form of the naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamin E, with potent antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. Upon administration, alpha-tocopherol neutralizes free radicals, thereby protecting tissues and organs from oxidative damage. Alpha-tocopherol gets incorporated into biological membranes, prevents protein oxidation and inhibits lipid peroxidation, thereby maintaining cell membrane integrity and protecting the cell against damage. In addition, alpha-tocopherol inhibits the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC-mediated pathways. Alpha-tocopherol also modulates the expression of various genes, plays a key role in neurological function, inhibits platelet aggregation and enhances vasodilation. Compared with other forms of tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form and is the form that is preferentially absorbed and retained in the body. d-Alpha-Tocopherol is a naturally-occurring form of vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin with potent antioxidant properties. Considered essential for the stabilization of biological membranes (especially those with high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids), d-alpha-Tocopherol is a potent peroxyl radical scavenger and inhibits noncompetitively cyclooxygenase activity in many tissues, resulting in a decrease in prostaglandin production. Vitamin E also inhibits angiogenesis and tumor dormancy through suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transcription. (NCI04) Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) is a fat soluble vitamin and potent antioxidant that is believed to be important in protecting cells from oxidative stress, regulating immune function, maintaining endothelial cell integrity and balancing normal coagulation. There is no evidence that vitamin E, in physiologic or even super-physiologic, high doses, causes liver injury or jaundice. Vitamin E is a collective term used to describe 8 separate fat soluble antioxidants, most commonly alpha-tocopherol[A176104]. Vitamin E acts to protect cells against the effects of free radicals, which are potentially damaging by-products of the body's metabolism. Vitamin E deficiency is seen in persons with abetalipoproteinemia, premature, very low birth weight infants (birth weights less than 1500 grams, or 3½ pounds), cystic fibrosis, and cholestasis and severe liver disease[A176104]. Preliminary research suggests vitamin E may help prevent or delay coronary heart disease and protect against the damaging effects of free radicals, which may contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer[A237]. It also protects other fat-soluble vitamins (A and B group vitamins) from destruction by oxygen[A239]. Low levels of vitamin E have been linked to increased incidence of breast and colon cancer[L5725]. Alpha-Tocopherol is the orally bioavailable alpha form of the naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamin E, with potent antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. Upon administration, alpha-tocopherol neutralizes free radicals, thereby protecting tissues and organs from oxidative damage. Alpha-tocopherol gets incorporated into biological membranes, prevents protein oxidation and inhibits lipid peroxidation, thereby maintaining cell membrane integrity and protecting the cell against damage. In addition, alpha-tocopherol inhibits the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC-mediated pathways. Alpha-tocopherol also modulates the expression of various genes, plays a key role in neurological function, inhibits platelet aggregation and enhances vasodilation. Compared with other forms of tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form and is the form that is preferentially absorbed and retained in the body. Vitamin E is likely the most important antioxidant in the human diet and alpha-tocopherol is the most active isomer. Alpha-tocopherol exhibits anti-oxidative capacity in vitro, and inhibits oxidation of ldl. Beside this, alpha-tocopherol shows anti-inflammatory activity and modulates expression of proteins involved in uptake, transport and degradation of tocopherols, as well as the uptake, storage and export of lipids such as cholesterol. Despite promising anti-atherogenic features in vitro, vitamin E failed to be atheroprotective in clinical trials in humans. Recent studies highlight the importance of long-chain metabolites of alpha-tocopherol, which are formed as catabolic intermediate products in the liver and occur in human plasma. These metabolites modulate inflammatory processes and macrophage foam cell formation via mechanisms different than that of their metabolic precursor alpha-tocopherol and at lower concentrations. Here we summarize the controversial role of vitamin E as a preventive agent against atherosclerosis and point the attention to recent findings that highlight a role of these long-chain metabolites of vitamin E as a proposed new class of regulatory metabolites. We speculate that the metabolites contribute to physiological as well as pathophysiological processes. Balanced nutrition is very important for maintaining health and strengthening the immune system as well as the daily functions of the body. The implementation of a nutrition program that is created with natural and healthy foods and that includes all food groups in moderation provides the body with the energy it needs and contains all nutrients in balanced proportions. Along with the foods consumed, the need for vitamins and minerals should be met in addition to the nutrients divided into three groups as protein, carbohydrate and fats. Vitamin E, one of the fat soluble vitamins; It is a nutrient that has important roles in many areas such as skin health, eye health and hormonal order. At the same time, vitamin E, one of the vitamins with antioxidant properties, is also very effective in strengthening the immune system. For this reason, it is important to take the vitamin E needed by the body regularly with foods. What is Vitamin E? Vitamin E is one of the basic types of vitamins, also called tocopherols, which are necessary for the daily functions of the body. Just like vitamins A, D and K, vitamin E is also fat-soluble and can be stored in the liver to some extent. This vitamin, which is absorbed from the small intestines after being taken with food, is a nutrient whose deficiency is less common than water-soluble vitamins due to its ability to be stored in the liver. In addition to the liver, some vitamin E can be stored in the heart, kidneys, adrenal glands, muscles and tissues. The only form of this vitamin, which has eight different forms, that can be used in the human body is the form called alpha tocopherol. Vegetable oils and vegetable foods containing valuable oils are among the main sources of vitamin E. Vitamin E can be taken into the body with foods, and in some cases, vitamin E can be taken into the body as supplements. The daily vitamin E requirement in adults is at the level of 10 mg for men and 8 mg for women. For children, the daily requirement varies between 3-10 mg depending on the age of the child. It is very important to meet this requirement on a daily basis. When vitamin E sources are not consumed in sufficient amounts for a long time or when vitamin E deficiency develops due to some diseases, some health problems begin to occur. What are the benefits of vitamin E? Vitamin E has many important functions in the human body. In order for many organs in the body to function properly, it is necessary to have sufficient vitamin E levels. This vitamin is also very important for the hormonal system to work properly. Especially in order to produce sex hormones in a healthy way, to prevent gynecological and urological diseases, and to increase reproductive ability, foods containing vitamin E should be consumed in sufficient amounts. At the same time, vitamin E, an antioxidant vitamin, prevents them from causing harmful effects on the body by reducing free radicals. In this way, it reduces oxidative stress and helps fight many diseases, especially cancer, by preventing the formation of genetic damage in cells. Vitamin E, which contributes to the strengthening of the immune system, contributes to the protection of the body against infectious diseases when taken in sufficient amount. Adequate vitamin E intake is also very important for eye and skin health. In order to maintain healthy eye development in children in the growth and development period, and to protect eye health in adult individuals, the daily vitamin E requirement should be fully met. In addition, it is important to meet the vitamin E requirement in terms of providing skin elasticity, increasing the renewal rate of the skin, obtaining a healthier skin appearance and preventing defects such as wrinkles. Some of the other benefits of vitamin E in the body are: Prevents cell damage: Thanks to its antioxidant properties, vitamin E prevents free radicals from damaging cells and causing cancer. In this way, it helps prevent cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Protects the skin against aging: Vitamin E, which has an important role in the protection of skin health, contributes to the protection of the moisture balance of the skin, the rapid healing of wounds and burns, and the prevention of wrinkles and other skin problems. At the same time, vitamin E, which provides protection against skin cancer, is included in many cosmetic products. Improves hair and nail health: Vitamin E; It helps hair grow healthily and quickly, as well as having a structure that is resistant to breakage and shedding. Vitamin E, which has positive effects in terms of nail health, helps nails to grow healthily while preventing yellowing, cracking and peeling. Reduces the effects of skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis: The daily requirement for vitamin E is It helps to reduce the symptoms of dryness in skin diseases such as eczema and atopic dermatitis and to increase the moisture content of the skin. It also has important effects in reducing the complications seen in psoriasis and supporting treatment. What do you have vitamin E in? In order to meet the daily requirement of vitamin E, basic food types containing plenty of this vitamin must be present in the diet sufficiently. The most valuable sources of vitamin E; Vegetable oils such as olive oil, hazelnut oil, Oil seeds such as hazelnuts, almonds, walnuts, sunflower seeds, Vegetables and greens such as spinach, cress, parsley, lettuce, celery, cabbage, broccoli, pumpkin, Poultry, Fish species such as anchovy, salmon, mackerel, sardines and tuna, Fruits such as avocados, bananas and kiwi Cereals, Butter, Red meat, They are foods like eggs. Should vitamin E supplements be used? Vitamin E supplements or vitamin-mineral tablets containing this vitamin can be found in pharmacies and stores where wellness products are sold. However, with a healthy nutrition program that includes all food groups in balanced amounts, the vitamin E requirement can be fully met. For this reason, individuals who do not have a medical obstacle to consume vitamin E source foods do not need to use vitamin E supplements. As with all vitamins and minerals, it is healthier to meet vitamin E naturally. Therefore, it is not recommended to use vitamin and mineral supplements unconsciously for purposes such as protecting from diseases or strengthening the body without consulting a physician, and it should be known that excessive intake of vitamins and minerals can adversely affect health. In addition, vitamin E supplements can be prescribed for people with a diagnosis of vitamin E deficiency or for individuals who follow a special diet due to any disease and therefore cannot consume vitamin E resources sufficiently. These supplements are usually in the form of capsules and the frequency and dosage of use should be determined by the physician. Vitamin E deficiency is generally seen in those who do not consume enough vegetable oils, and those who follow diets with very low fat content. In addition, when vitamin E absorption from the intestines is not sufficient, vitamin E deficiency may develop in people with diseases related to the digestive system. Such situations can be counted among the situations where vitamin E supplements can be used with the doctor's recommendation. Vitamin E deficiency includes vision problems, weakness and fatigue, anemia, cracks in the skin and tongue, anemia, easy bruising on the skin, muscle and bone pain, muscle loss, nail and hair health deterioration. Since many of these symptoms are symptoms that can be seen in different diseases, people who experience symptoms should definitely apply to health institutions and undergo an examination. If you are experiencing symptoms of vitamin E deficiency, you can apply to a healthcare institution and have the necessary tests done. According to your examination and test results, you can find out whether you need vitamin supplements or not, and you can protect your health by paying attention to the recommendations given by your physician. What is Vitamin E? Vitamin E is an antioxidant. It supports the body's immune system and helps regenerate cells. In addition to being found naturally in many foods, it can also be taken as a nutritional supplement. Vitamin E is fat soluble. This means your body stores and uses it as needed. Which Foods Contain Vitamin E? Foods containing vitamin E can be listed as follows (2): Vegetable Oils: Wheat germ oil Sunflower oil Safflower oil corn oil Soybean Oil Dried Nuts: Almond Peanut Hazelnut Seeds: Sunflower seeds Green Leafy Vegetables: Spinach Broccoli Frequently Asked Questions What Are The Skin Benefits Of Vitamin E? Among the benefits of vitamin E to the skin; These include removing wrinkles, increasing the speed of skin renewal and ensuring the moisture balance of the skin. Is Vitamin E Applied To The Skin? How Is Vitamin E Applied To The Skin? Vitamin E can be applied to the skin through its liquid form in capsules or through moisturizing creams containing vitamin E. Click to view vitamin E capsules. Does Vitamin E Grow Hair? When vitamin E is applied to the scalp, it can help hair growth by increasing blood circulation and regulating the pH level. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin with several forms, but alpha-tocopherol is the only one used by the human body. Its main role is to act as an antioxidant, scavenging loose electrons—so-called “free radicals”—that can damage cells.It also enhances immune function and prevents clots from forming in heart arteries. Antioxidant vitamins, including vitamin E, came to public attention in the 1980s when scientists began to understand that free radical damage was involved in the early stages of artery-clogging atherosclerosis, and might also contribute to cancer, vision loss, and a host of other chronic conditions. Vitamin E has the ability to protect cells from free radical damage as well as stop the production of free radical cells entirely. However, conflicting study results have dimmed some of the promise of using high dose vitamin E to prevent chronic diseases. Food Sources Vitamin E is found in plant-based oils, nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables. Wheat germ oil Sunflower, safflower, and soybean oil Sunflower seeds Almonds Peanuts, peanut butter Beet greens, collard greens, spinach Pumpkin Red bell pepper Asparagus Mango Avocado Signs of Deficiency Because vitamin E is found in a variety of foods and supplements, a deficiency in the U.S. is rare. People who have digestive disorders or do not absorb fat properly (e.g., pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, celiac disease) can develop a vitamin E deficiency. The following are common signs of a deficiency: Retinopathy (damage to the retina of the eyes that can impair vision) Peripheral neuropathy (damage to the peripheral nerves, usually in the hands or feet, causing weakness or pain) Ataxia (loss of control of body movements) Decreased immune function Toxicity There is no evidence of toxic effects from vitamin E found naturally in foods. Most adults who obtain more than the RDA of 22 IU daily are using multivitamins or separate vitamin E supplements that contain anywhere from 400-1000 IU daily. There have not been reports of harmful side effects of supplement use in healthy people. However, there is a risk of excess bleeding, particularly with doses greater than 1000 mg daily or if an individual is also using a blood thinning medication such as warfarin. For this reason, an upper limit for vitamin E has been set for adults 19 years and older of 1000 mg daily (1465 IU) of any form of tocopherol supplement. Vitamin E helps maintain healthy skin and eyes, and strengthen the body's natural defence against illness and infection (the immune system). Good sources of vitamin E Vitamin E is a group of compounds found in a wide variety of foods. Good sources include: plant oils – such as rapeseed (vegetable oil), sunflower, soya, corn and olive oil nuts and seeds wheatgerm – found in cereals and cereal product How much vitamin E do I need? The amount of vitamin E you need is: 4mg a day for men 3mg a day for women You should be able to get all the vitamin E you need from your diet. Any vitamin E your body does not need immediately is stored for future use, so you do not need it in your diet every day. What happens if I take too much vitamin E? There is not enough evidence to know what the effects might be of taking high doses of vitamin E supplements each day. What does the Department of Health and Social Care advise? You should be able to get the amount of vitamin E you need by eating a varied and balanced diet. If you take vitamin E supplements, do not take too much as this could be harmful. Taking 540mg (800 IU) or less a day of vitamin E supplements is unlikely to cause any harm. Vitamin E is found naturally in some foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. “Vitamin E” is the collective name for a group of fat-soluble compounds with distinctive antioxidant activities. Naturally occurring vitamin E exists in eight chemical forms (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol and alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocotrienol) that have varying levels of biological activity. Alpha- (or α-) tocopherol is the only form that is recognized to meet human requirements. Serum concentrations of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) depend on the liver, which takes up the nutrient after the various forms are absorbed from the small intestine. The liver preferentially resecretes only alpha-tocopherol via the hepatic alpha-tocopherol transfer protein; the liver metabolizes and excretes the other vitamin E forms. As a result, blood and cellular concentrations of other forms of vitamin E are lower than those of alpha-tocopherol and have been the subjects of less research. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that stops the production of ROS formed when fat undergoes oxidation. Scientists are investigating whether, by limiting free-radical production and possibly through other mechanisms, vitamin E might help prevent or delay the chronic diseases associated with free radicals. In addition to its activities as an antioxidant, vitamin E is involved in immune function and, as shown primarily by in vitro studies of cells, cell signaling, regulation of gene expression, and other metabolic processes. Alpha-tocopherol inhibits the activity of protein kinase C, an enzyme involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in smooth muscle cells, platelets, and monocytes. Vitamin-E–replete endothelial cells lining the interior surface of blood vessels are better able to resist blood-cell components adhering to this surface. Vitamin E also increases the expression of two enzymes that suppress arachidonic acid metabolism, thereby increasing the release of prostacyclin from the endothelium, which, in turn, dilates blood vessels and inhibits platelet aggregation. Recommended Intakes Intake recommendations for vitamin E and other nutrients are provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) developed by the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) at the Institute of Medicine of The National Academies (formerly National Academy of Sciences). DRI is the general term for a set of reference values used to plan and assess nutrient intakes of healthy people. These values, which vary by age and gender, include: Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): Average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%–98%) healthy individuals; often used to plan nutritionally adequate diets for individuals. Adequate Intake (AI): Intake at this level is assumed to ensure nutritional adequacy; established when evidence is insufficient to develop an RDA. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR): Average daily level of intake estimated to meet the requirements of 50% of healthy individuals; usually used to assess the nutrient intakes of groups of people and to plan nutritionally adequate diets for them; can also be used to assess the nutrient intakes of individuals. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL): Maximum daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects. The FNB’s vitamin E recommendations are for alpha-tocopherol alone, the only form maintained in plasma. The FNB based these recommendations primarily on serum levels of the nutrient that provide adequate protection in a test measuring the survival of erythrocytes when exposed to hydrogen peroxide, a free radical. Acknowledging “great uncertainties” in these data, the FNB has called for research to identify other biomarkers for assessing vitamin E requirements. Naturally sourced vitamin E is called RRR-alpha-tocopherol (commonly labeled as d-alpha-tocopherol); the synthetically produced form is all rac-alpha-tocopherol (commonly labeled as dl-alpha-tocopherol). RDAs for vitamin E are provided in milligrams (mg) and are listed in Table 1. One mg vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) is equivalent to 1 mg RRR-alpha-tocopherol or 2 mg all rac-alpha-tocopherol. Because insufficient data are available to develop RDAs for infants, AIs were developed based on the amount of vitamin E consumed by healthy breastfed babies. Food Numerous foods provide vitamin E. Nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils are among the best sources of alpha-tocopherol, and significant amounts are available in green leafy vegetables and fortified cereals (see Table 2 for a more detailed list). Most vitamin E in American diets is in the form of gamma-tocopherol from soybean, canola, corn, and other vegetable oils and food products. Dietary supplements Supplements of vitamin E typically provide only alpha-tocopherol, although “mixed” products containing other tocopherols and even tocotrienols are available. Naturally occurring alpha-tocopherol exists in one stereoisomeric form. In contrast, synthetically produced alpha-tocopherol contains equal amounts of its eight possible stereoisomers; serum and tissues maintain only four of these stereoisomers. A given amount of synthetic alpha-tocopherol (all rac-alpha-tocopherol; commonly labeled as “DL” or “dl”) is therefore only half as active as the same amount (by weight in mg) of the natural form (RRR-alpha-tocopherol; commonly labeled as “D” or “d”). Most vitamin-E-only supplements provide ≥67 mg (100 IU of natural vitamin E) of the nutrient. These amounts are substantially higher than the RDAs. Alpha-tocopherol in dietary supplements and fortified foods is often esterified to prolong its shelf life while protecting its antioxidant properties. The body hydrolyzes and absorbs these esters (alpha-tocopheryl acetate and succinate) as efficiently as alpha-tocopherol. Vitamin E Intakes and Status Three national surveys—the 2001–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), NHANES III (1988–1994), and the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (1994–1996) have found that the diets of most Americans provide less than the RDA levels of vitamin E. These intake estimates might be low, however, because the amounts and types of fat added during cooking are often unknown and not accounted for. The FNB suggests that mean intakes of vitamin E among healthy adults are probably higher than the RDA but cautions that low-fat diets might provide insufficient amounts unless people make their food choices carefully by, for example, increasing their intakes of nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables. The 1999–2000 NHANES found that 11.3% of adults took vitamin E supplements containing at least 400 IU. Vitamin E Deficiency Frank vitamin E deficiency is rare and overt deficiency symptoms have not been found in healthy people who obtain little vitamin E from their diets. Premature babies of very low birth weight (<1,500 grams) might be deficient in vitamin E. Vitamin E supplementation in these infants might reduce the risk of some complications, such as those affecting the retina, but they can also increase the risk of infections. Because the digestive tract requires fat to absorb vitamin E, people with fat-malabsorption disorders are more likely to become deficient than people without such disorders. Deficiency symptoms include peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, skeletal myopathy, retinopathy, and impairment of the immune response. People with Crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis, or an inability to secrete bile from the liver into the digestive tract, for example, often pass greasy stools or have chronic diarrhea; as a result, they sometimes require water-soluble forms of vitamin E, such as tocopheryl polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate. Some people with abetalipoproteinemia, a rare inherited disorder resulting in poor absorption of dietary fat, require enormous doses of supplemental vitamin E (approximately 100 mg/kg or 5–10 g/day). Vitamin E deficiency secondary to abetalipoproteinemia causes such problems as poor transmission of nerve impulses, muscle weakness, and retinal degeneration that leads to blindness. Ataxia and vitamin E deficiency (AVED) is another rare, inherited disorder in which the liver’s alpha-tocopherol transfer protein is defective or absent. People with AVED have such severe vitamin E deficiency that they develop nerve damage and lose the ability to walk unless they take large doses of supplemental vitamin E. Vitamin E and Health Many claims have been made about vitamin E’s potential to promote health and prevent and treat disease. The mechanisms by which vitamin E might provide this protection include its function as an antioxidant and its roles in anti-inflammatory processes, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and immune enhancement. A primary barrier to characterizing the roles of vitamin E in health is the lack of validated biomarkers for vitamin E intake and status to help relate intakes to valid predictors of clinical outcomes. This section focuses on four diseases and disorders in which vitamin E might be involved: heart disease, cancer, eye disorders, and cognitive decline.

Vinyl neodecanoate ( Vinil neodekanoat) Vinyl neodecanoate, Vinil neodekanoat (trade name VeoVa 10) is a vinylic monomer that is virtually always used in combination with other monomers to create lattices or emulsion polymers.[3] Vinil neodekanoat The trade name is an acronym of Vinyl neodecanoate ester of Versatic Acid with the number 10 meaning 10 carbons in the molecule. It has a medium to low glass transition temperature of -3 °C. Chemically, it is a mixture of isomeric vinyl neodecanoate esters of neodecanoic acid. Vinyl neodecanoate(Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10) is mainly used as a modifying monomer in conjunction with other monomers and particularly the manufacture of vinyl neodecanoate acetate based polymer emulsions by the process of emulsion polymerization.[4] Vinyl neodecanoate-containing polymers (Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10) are used in decorative emulsion paints, plasters and renders especially in Europe.[5] Vinyl neodecanoate(Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10) is, like most vinyl neodecanoate ester monomers, is very hydrophobic and the structure is highly branched with a tertiary substituted α-carbon. It is used as a hydrophobic co-monomer. VeoVa 10 (Vinyl neodecanoate) Vinil neodekanoat This structure renders the polymers produced from it, very resistant to alkali degradation as there is no hydrogen (thus proton producing species) on the α-carbon. They have good resistance to degradation from ultraviolet light.[6] (Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10, Vinyl neodecanoate) The monomer has even been used to produce vibration dampening resins.[7] Property Test method Unit Value Molecular formula (theoretical) C12H22O2 Molecular mass (theoretical) 198 Added inhibitor (hydroquinone monomethyl ether) LPM 3112 mg/kg 5 +/-2 Kinematic viscosity at 20ºC ASTM D445 mm2 /s 2.2 Specific heat at 20ºC ASTM E1269 kJ/kg ºC 1.97 Latent heat of vaporisation at 20ºC kJ/mol 48.9 Boiling range ASTM D1078 ºC 133-136* Flash point (PMCC) ASTM D93 ºC 75 Pour point ASTM D97 ºC Below -60 Solubility in water at 20-80ºC % (m/m) <0.1 Solubility of water in monomer at 20-80ºC % (m/m) 0.05 Miscibility with vinyl neodecanoate acetate Completely miscible Specific heat of polymerisation ASTM E1269 kJ/mol 96 Copolymerisation parameters**, e Q -0.53 0.026 Glass transition temperature (Tg) of homopolymer *** (vinyl neodecanoate acetate homopolymer=32ºC) ASTM D3418 ºC -3 * measured at a reduced pressure (100 mm Hg) ** Using constants according to Young, J.Pol.Sci. 54,411, e=-0.22, Q = 0.026 for Vinyl neodecanoate acetate *** By differential scanning calorimetry (onset value 20ºC per minute). Test Methods ASTM Standards are published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, west Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA. Transportation and Storage VeoVa 10 (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) Monomer should be stored at ambient temperature (min 5 °C - max 50 °C) in conditions such that moisture is excluded, in the original containers kept tightly closed. Under these conditions the shelf life should be a three years starting from the manufactured date. Handling Precautions For more detailed information on all aspects relating to Health, Safety and Handling, reference should be made to the Safety Data Sheet of VeoVa 10 (Vinyl neodecanoate) Vinil neodekanoat 10 monomer(Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) , VeoVa™ 10 monomer (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) is the vinyl neodecanoate ester of Versatic™ acid 10. The homopolymer of VeoVa 10 monomer (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) has a relatively low Tg of -3 °C. VeoVa 10 monomer (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) can be used as a modifying comonomer in the preparation of vinyl neodecanoate acetate based polymer latices, which are used for the manufacture of high-quality emulsion paints. VeoVa 10 (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) vinyl neodecanoate ester is also used as a comonomer with acrylates for the production of emulsion and solution polymers. VeoVa 10 (Vinyl neodecanoate) Vinil neodekanoat VeoVa 10 chemical structure (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) Reactive group (highlighted in yellow) Similar reactivity to vinyl neodecanoate acetate Excellent reactivity with ethylene Good reactivity with acrylate and methacrylate monomers Bulky group (highlighted in blue) Highly branched aliphatic structure Hydrophobic UV stable Performance Characteristics Alkali resistance Water repellency / Low surface tension Reduced water absorption Outdoor durability Improved adhesion on non-polar substrates Typical Applications Interior and exterior decorative paints Wood coatings Industrial coatings Redispersible powders and concrete admixtures Construction adhesives Wood adhesives Elastomeric roof coatings VeoVa 10 (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) is the vinyl neodecanoate ester of Versatic 10, a synthetic saturated monocarboxylic acid with a highly branched structure containing ten carbon atoms. VeoVa 10 (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) , a low viscosity liquid with a typical mild ester odor, is a very attractive monomer for the manufacture of polymers through reactions of the vinyl neodecanoate group(Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10, Vinyl neodecanoate) . It imparts a combination of flexibility (medium to low Tg), hydrophobicity and very good chemical and UV resistance Vinyl neodecanoate, Vinil neodekanoat (trade name VeoVa 10) is a vinylic monomer that is virtually always used in combination with other monomers to create lattices or emulsion polymers.[3] VeoVa 10 (Vinyl neodecanoate) Vinil neodekanoat The trade name is an acronym of Vinyl neodecanoate ester of Versatic Acid with the number 10 meaning 10 carbons in the molecule. It has a medium to low glass transition temperature of -3 °C. Chemically, it is a mixture of isomeric vinyl neodecanoate esters of neodecanoic acid. Vinyl neodecanoate(Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10) is mainly used as a modifying monomer in conjunction with other monomers and particularly the manufacture of vinyl neodecanoate acetate based polymer emulsions by the process of emulsion polymerization.[4] Vinyl neodecanoate-containing polymers (Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10) are used in decorative emulsion paints, plasters and renders especially in Europe.[5] Vinyl neodecanoate(Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10) is, like most vinyl neodecanoate ester monomers, is very hydrophobic and the structure is highly branched with a tertiary substituted α-carbon. It is used as a hydrophobic co-monomer. VeoVa 10 (Vinyl neodecanoate) Vinil neodekanoat This structure renders the polymers produced from it, very resistant to alkali degradation as there is no hydrogen (thus proton producing species) on the α-carbon. They have good resistance to degradation from ultraviolet light.[6] (Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10, Vinyl neodecanoate) The monomer has even been used to produce vibration dampening resins.[7] Property Test method Unit Value Molecular formula (theoretical) C12H22O2 Molecular mass (theoretical) 198 Added inhibitor (hydroquinone monomethyl ether) LPM 3112 mg/kg 5 +/-2 Kinematic viscosity at 20ºC ASTM D445 mm2 /s 2.2 Specific heat at 20ºC ASTM E1269 kJ/kg ºC 1.97 Latent heat of vaporisation at 20ºC kJ/mol 48.9 Boiling range ASTM D1078 ºC 133-136* Flash point (PMCC) ASTM D93 ºC 75 Pour point ASTM D97 ºC Below -60 Solubility in water at 20-80ºC % (m/m) <0.1 Solubility of water in monomer at 20-80ºC % (m/m) 0.05 Miscibility with vinyl neodecanoate acetate Completely miscible Specific heat of polymerisation ASTM E1269 kJ/mol 96 Copolymerisation parameters**, e Q -0.53 0.026 Glass transition temperature (Tg) of homopolymer *** (vinyl neodecanoate acetate homopolymer=32ºC) ASTM D3418 ºC -3 * measured at a reduced pressure (100 mm Hg) ** Using constants according to Young, J.Pol.Sci. 54,411, e=-0.22, Q = 0.026 for Vinyl neodecanoate acetate *** By differential scanning calorimetry (onset value 20ºC per minute). Test Methods ASTM Standards are published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, west Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA. Transportation and Storage VeoVa 10 (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) Monomer should be stored at ambient temperature (min 5 °C - max 50 °C) in conditions such that moisture is excluded, in the original containers kept tightly closed. Under these conditions the shelf life should be a three years starting from the manufactured date. Handling Precautions For more detailed information on all aspects relating to Health, Safety and Handling, reference should be made to the Safety Data Sheet of VeoVa 10 (Vinyl neodecanoate) Vinil neodekanoat 10 monomer(Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) VeoVa™ 10 monomer (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) is the vinyl neodecanoate ester of Versatic™ acid 10. The homopolymer of VeoVa 10 monomer (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) has a relatively low Tg of -3 °C. VeoVa 10 monomer (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) can be used as a modifying comonomer in the preparation of vinyl neodecanoate acetate based polymer latices, which are used for the manufacture of high-quality emulsion paints. VeoVa 10 (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) vinyl neodecanoate ester is also used as a comonomer with acrylates for the production of emulsion and solution polymers. VeoVa 10 chemical structure (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) Reactive group (highlighted in yellow) Similar reactivity to vinyl neodecanoate acetate Excellent reactivity with ethylene Good reactivity with acrylate and methacrylate monomers Bulky group (highlighted in blue) Highly branched aliphatic structure Hydrophobic UV stable Performance Characteristics Alkali resistance Water repellency / Low surface tension Reduced water absorption Outdoor durability Improved adhesion on non-polar substrates Typical Applications Interior and exterior decorative paints Wood coatings Industrial coatings Redispersible powders and concrete admixtures Construction adhesives Wood adhesives Elastomeric roof coatings VeoVa 10 (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) is the vinyl neodecanoate ester of Versatic 10, a synthetic saturated monocarboxylic acid with a highly branched structure containing ten carbon atoms. VeoVa 10 (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) , a low viscosity liquid with a typical mild ester odor, is a very attractive monomer for the manufacture of polymers through reactions of the vinyl neodecanoate group(Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10, Vinyl neodecanoate) . It imparts a combination of flexibility (medium to low Tg), hydrophobicity and very good chemical and UV resistance The neocarboxylic acid can be converted into its vinyl ester monomer by reaction with acetylene. Today, these monomers are marketed under the trade name VeoVa™ vinyl neodecanoate ester and are also widely referred to in industry as vinyl neodecanoate versatate monomers, neo-esters or VV monomers. VeoVa vinyl neodecanoate ester monomers are very hydrophobic vinyl neodecanoate esters with a highly branched tertiary substituted α-carbon structure. Their principal use is as hydrophobic co-monomers in vinyl neodecanoate and acrylic polymerization. Their alkyl neocarboxylic group is very resistant to degradation in alkaline conditions, as there is no hydrogen on the α-carbon atom. The branched tertiary structure with bulky and hydrophobic hydrocarbon groups provides the neo-ester monomers (Figure 2) with a highly hydrophobic nature and a low surface tension. Furthermore, they possess a strong resistance to hydrolysis and do not degrade under the influence of UV light. The VeoVa vinyl neodecanoate ester monomers easily polymerize with various other co-monomers through reaction of the vinyl ester functional group. In this way the specific properties of the monomer can be imparted to its copolymers. VeoVa monomer enhances the performance of vinyl neodecanoate acetate- and acrylic-based latices, significantly upgrading key properties such as water and alkali resistance in both polymer systems. VeoVa vinyl neodecanoate ester-based polymers exhibit the required polymer hardness and flexibility balance, hydrophobicity and chemical resistance for the formulation of a wide range of latex coatings. The resulting paints are characterized by very good water, UV and alkali resistance, and therefore exhibit very good outdoor durability.3 VeoVa monomers already have been successfully used to manufacture VeoVa/vinyl neodecanoate acetate copolymer latices. Used as binders for architectural paints, these latices provide improved scrub resistance and exterior durability. These properties of hydrophobicity, resistance to hydrolysis and UV light make VeoVa monomers also particularly suitable for producing high-performance latices, especially when they are copolymerized with acrylic and methacrylic monomers. VeoVa vinyl neodecanoate ester-modified acrylics can be formulated in protective coatings such as anti-corrosion paints, water-repellent systems, wood coatings, elastomeric roof coatings and adhesive applications such as PSAs. Glass Transition Temperature The various VeoVa monomers mainly differ in the degree of branching and the length of the hydrocarbon groups. This leads to differences in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of their homopolymers and consequently to different copolymer properties. The broad range of Tgs available within the portfolio of VeoVa monomers offers an important tool to the polymer chemist to develop hydrophobic polymers within a very wide Tg range. VeoVa 9 monomer is the vinyl neodecanoate ester of neononanoic acid (9 carbon atoms) and is considered a harder monomer as it imparts a Tg of +70 °C. Scholten and Van Westrenen illustrated the effect of chain branching by measuring the Tg of a series of polymer prepared from VeoVa 9 vinyl neodecanoate ester isomers.4 The Tgs were found to range from +10 to 119 °C, leading to the conclusion that the high Tg of poly-VeoVa 9 is a cumulative effect of the shorter chain length and the higher degree of branching within the various isomer mixtures. VeoVa 10 monomer is the vinyl neodecanoate ester of neodecanoic acid (10 carbon atoms) and has a homopolymer Tg of -3 °C, making it a flexibilizing monomer. VeoVa EH monomer is the vinyl neodecanoate ester of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, a more linear acid, and therefore has a significantly lower Tg of -36 °C Water Resistance Water resistance is one of the most important barrier properties of a coating. The water resistance of a coating is mainly governed by its polymeric binder and the monomers used to produce the binder. If water solubility of the monomers is taken as an indication of hydrophobicity (Table 1) it becomes clear that VeoVa monomers have a much higher hydrophobicity than other monomers that are commonly used in emulsion polymerization.5 Ease of Polymerization VeoVa monomers can be used in combination with a variety of other monomer types to produce various polymers. The ease of polymerization depends on the reactivity ratios of the monomers used (Table 2). The data reported in Table 2 show that VeoVa monomers have a similar reactivity to the vinyl neodecanoate acetate monomer. All the vinyl neodecanoate esters have a similar reactivity independent of the size of the carboxylic group. There is also a difference of reactivity between the vinyl neodecanoate ester monomers and (meth)acrylate monomers, but this difference is such that they can still react together in emulsion polymerization. Finally, the difference of reactivity between the vinyl neodecanoate ester monomers and styrene is so large that they cannot copolymerize in emulsion polymerization. In summary, the VeoVa monomers copolymerize easily with other vinyl neodecanoate esters, ethylene and most acetate-based and acrylic-based monomers. VeoVa-Modified Vinyl neodecanoate Acetate-Based Latices VV10 and vinyl neodecanoate acetate are very much complementary to each other with respect to the properties they impart to latex polymers. Vinyl neodecanoate acetate homopolymers, although economic in use, lack the flexibility and durability required for most emulsion paint applications. Homopolymers of VV10 (Table 3), on the other hand, exhibit very good resistance to hydrolysis, UV light and water, but having a Tg of -3 °C they are too soft for most coating applications. Copolymers of vinyl neodecanoate acetate and VV10 provide a well-balanced set of performance characteristics. Polyvinyl acetate has a Tg of +38 °C and is therefore brittle at ambient temperature. Co-polymerization of VV10 permanently flexibilizes the polymer and reduces the minimum film formation temperature (MFFT). Protective Effect of the VeoVa Vinyl Ester Molecule VV10 and vinyl neodecanoate acetate exhibit a very similar reactivity (r1=0.99; r2=0.92) in radical polymerization reactions, which leads to polymers with the monomer units randomly distributed along the chain. This is important, because it allows the key performance characteristics of the VV10 monomer to be fully exploited. The unique, highly branched, carbon-rich structure of the monomer sterically protects its ester group from being hydrolyzed. More importantly, it also protects neighboring acetate groups (Figure 3), thus improving the hydrolytic stability of the polymer. This protection phenomenon is referred to as the “umbrella effect”. This enables such polymers to be successfully used as paint binders on even very alkaline substrates. The umbrella protection effect of the highly branched carboxylate groups is supported by experimental data. The alkali resistance of a latex can be determined by the percentage of ester groups hydrolyzed after four days immersion in a 2% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The results (Figure 4) show clearly that the introduction of VV10 in vinyl neodecanoate acetate-based polymers significantly improves the alkali resistance of both colloid-stabilized and colloid-free systems. While only 20% of VV10 already has a profound positive influence, a 30% use is recommended to obtain the very good alkali resistance required for high durability of emulsion paint on alkaline surfaces. Vinyl neodecanoate acetate homopolymer, as well as its copolymers with butyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, tend to hydrolyze easily and almost completely with time. The data shows that the alkali resistance of a VA/VV10 (85/15) is significantly better compared to the alkali resistance of a VA/2-EHA (85/15), and the same is observed for a VA/VV10 (75/25) compared to a VA/BA (75/25). VV10 is therefore far more effective in protecting the acetate group than an acrylate monomer such as 2-ethylhexyl acrylate or butyl acrylate. This can be explained by the fact that the neo-acid structure is more bulky, apolar and more effectively randomly located onto the polymer backbone. Equally, the alkali resistance of a vinyl neodecanoate acrylic latex can also be improved by the copolymerization of VV10. As can be seen from Figure 5, dry VV10-based latex films immersed for two weeks in a 2% NaOH solution remain almost unchanged. The alkali extractables from a latex clear film of the VeoVa-based terpolymer can be as low as the one of an all-acrylic or styrene-acrylic, and definitively better than a vinyl neodecanoate acrylic. Effect on Wet Scrub Resistance Vinyl neodecanoate acetate-rich polymers tend to soften and weaken considerably under the influence of water because vinyl acetate has a very hydrophilic characteristic. Hence, such systems may fail during wet cleaning or scrubbing. This is much less the case when the polymer contains a sufficient amount of hydrophobic monomer. VV10 performs better in this respect than other co-monomers for vinyl neodecanoate acetate. A series of vinyl neodecanoate acetate/VV10 binders with different VV10 content was formulated in a 60% PVC matte paint. The scrub resistance improved with increasing VV 10 content of the binder, as shown in Figure 6. Outdoor Durability Exterior paints first and foremost need to be resistant to the influence of the weather, such as fluctuations in temperature and humidity and to the effects of UV light. Equally important is that the paints resist exposure to alkali (e.g., from the substrate) and accommodate dimensional changes. VV10 latices, when properly formulated, have proven to be among the best performing under severe conditions. VV10, unlike other co-monomers for vinyl neodecanoate acetate, provides the hydrophobicity and hydrolytic stability required to resist degradation of the binder from exposure to alkaline substrates. Both vinyl neodecanoate acetate and VV10 impart good UV resistance. As can be seen in Figure 7, the VV10-based binders have much better outdoor durability than other vinyl neodecanoate acetate-based binders. Moreover, a VA/VV10 (70/30 m/m)-based paint equals or even outperforms the more expensive acrylic-based paints in erosion resistance and yellowing resistance. Also a vinyl neodecanoate acetate/VV10/BA (74/28/6) terpolymer-based paint performed very well in this 10-year exposure test. The paint with the styrene acrylic binder remained intact but severe yellowing was observed. The copolymerization of hydrophobic vinyl neodecanoate ester of branched neo-carboxylic acids significantly improves the performance of vinyl neodecanoate and acrylic binders. Manufacturing of vinyl neodecanoate acetate/VeoVa vinyl neodecanoate ester polymers is easy due to the favorable reactivity characteristics of the VeoVa monomer and vinyl neodecanoate acetate. Incorporating the highly branched structure enhances the alkaline and water resistance of the vinyl neodecanoate copolymers. The resulting paints will offer a high scrub resistance combined with excellent weathering resistance. Combining VeoVa monomers with acrylate monomers offers an additional tool to formulate a diversity of very versatile polymers for use in coating and adhesive applications. The upgraded acrylics perform very well on even the most demanding substrates such as metal, wood and even plastics.

SYNONYMS Steareth-10 Allyl Ether/Acrylates Copolymer is a copolymer of the allyl ether of Steareth-10 (q.v.) and one or more monomers consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or one of their simple esters CAS NO:109292-17-3

ethenyl 7,7-dimethyloctanoate; Neodecanoic acid vinyl ester; Neodecanoic acid, ethenyl ester cas no : 51000-52-3

vitamin B6; vitaminb6; PYRIDOXINE, N° CAS : 65-23-6 / 8059-24-3 ; 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol; Vitamine B6. Piridoxina [Spanish]; Pirivitol ; Pyridoxine ; Pyridoxinum [Latin]; Pyridoxol; Vitamin B6 ;VITAMIN B6 COMPLEXAutres langues : Vitamin B6, Vitamina B6. Nom INCI : PYRIDOXINE. Nom chimique : 3,4-Pyridinedimethanol, 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-; vitamine B6. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-603-0 / 232-503-8. Ses fonctions (INCI). Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. (5-Hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3,4-diyl)dimethanol; 200-603-0 [EINECS]; 2216; 232-503-8 [EINECS]; 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxy-methyl) pyridine; 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethyl-pyridin [German]; 3,4-Pyridinedimethanol, 5-hydroxy-6-methyl- [ACD/Index Name]; 3-hydroxy-2-Picoline-4,5-dimethanol; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylol-a-picoline; 4,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3-pyridinol [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 4,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3-pyridinol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 4,5-Bis(hydroxyméthyl)-2-méthyl-3-pyridinol [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol; 5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-pyridinedimethanol; 65-23-6 [RN]; Bezatin ; KV2JZ1BI6Z; MFCD00006335 [MDL number]; Piridoxina [Spanish]; Pirivitol ; Pyridoxine ;Pyridoxinum [Latin]; Pyridoxol; Vitamin B6 ; VITAMIN B6 COMPLEX; Piridossina; 139854 [Beilstein]; 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine; 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-di(hydroxymethyl)pyridine; 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethyl-pyridin [German]; 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethylpyridine; 2-Methyl-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-hydroxypyridine 2-methyl-4,5-dimethylol-pyridin-3-ol; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine; 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylol-α-picoline; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylol-α-picoline; 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-pyridin-3-ol; 4,5-Bis-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-pyridin-3-ol; Adermin; Adermine; Becilan; Becilan (Trade name); Beesix; Beesix (Trade name); Beeswax; Benadon (Trade name); Bonasanit (Trade name); DB00165; Gravidox; Hexa-βlin ; Hexobion ; Hydoxin; hydroxin; MFCD00012807 [MDL number]; Naturetime B6; NCGC00164317-01; Nestrex; Oprea1_061614; Pharmakon1600-01505453 Piridossina [DCIT]; Piridoxina [INN-Spanish]; Prestwick2_000623; Prestwick3_000623; Pridoxine; PXL; Pyridoxin; Pyridoxine free base; Pyridoxinum [INN-Latin]; Pyridoxolum; Pyroxin; vitamin B6 vitaminb6; 吡哆醇 [Chinese]

Vinylsulfonic acid; Ethylenesulfonic acid sodium salt; Sodium vinylsulfonate solution; Vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt; ethenesulfonic acid; VSA; VSS; CAS NO: 3039-83-6

Triacetoxy(vinyl)silane; (Triacetoxysilyl)ethylene, Vinyltriacetoxysilane cas no: 4130-08-9

(Trimethoxysilyl)ethylene, Ethenyltrimethoxysilane, Trimethoxy(vinyl)silane cas no: 2768-02-7

Tris(2-methoxyethoxy)(vinyl)silane; Vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane cas no : 1067-53-4

VOS;Vinyltris(methylethy;Vinyl tris (MEKO) silane;Tri(2-butaneneoxime)cinylsilane;Tri(2-butaneneoxime)vinylsilane;Vinyltris(2-butanoneoxime)silane;Vinyl tri(butanone oximido) silane;vinyltri(methylethylketoxime)silane;Vinyltris(methyletylketoxime)silane;Vinyltris(methylethylketoxime)silan cas no : 2224-33-1

SYNONYMS Cell Wall Degrading Enzyme Complex from Aspergillus sp., Lysing Enzyme from Aspergillus sp;cellulolytic enzyme mixture

whiskey flavor; blended whiskey flavor; whiskey flavor natural; whisky flavor

Retinol acetate ;vitamin A acetate; retinylacetate; acetic acid, retinyl ester; dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenyl] acetate cas no: 127-47-9

vitamin A palmitate; retinol palmitate ; retinyl hexadecanoate; retinyl palmitate ;hexadecanoic acid [(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenyl] ester cas no: 79-81-2

vitamin A palmitate; retinol palmitate ; retinyl hexadecanoate; retinyl palmitate ;hexadecanoic acid [(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenyl] ester cas no: 79-81-2

Vitamin B1 Mono; Vitamin B1 Hydrochloride; Thiavit; Timidon; Tiaminal; Clotiamina; Metabolin; Thiadoxine; Vitaneuron; Thiamine hydrochloride; Aneurine Hydrochloride; Tiamina, clorhidrato; Thiamine, chlorhydrate; cas no: 532-43-4

Vitamin B12; CN-Cbl; Anacobin; alpha-(5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazolyl)cyanocobamide; Cyanocob (III) alamin; Dimethylbenzimidazoylcobamide; Co(alpha)-[(alpha)- (5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazolyl)]- Co(beta)- cyanocobamide; cas no: 68-19-9

Cyanocobalamin; Vitamin B12; CN-Cbl; Anacobin; alpha-(5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazolyl)cyanocobamide; Cyanocob (III) alamin; Dimethylbenzimidazoylcobamide; Co(alpha)-[(alpha)- (5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazolyl)]- Co(beta)- cyanocobamide; cas no: 68-19-9

Vitamin B2; 7,8-Dimethyl-10-ribitylisoalloxazine; 3,10-Dihydro-7,8-dimetyl-10-[(2S,3S,4R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl] benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione; Ovoflavin; Zinvit-G; Riboflavin; Lactoflavin; Vitamin B2; 6,7-Dimethyl-9-D-ribitylisoalloxazine, 7,8-Dimethyl-10-(D-ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl)isoalloxazine; 7,8-Dimethyl-10-ribitylisoalloxazine; Aqua-Flave; Beflavin; Beflavine; 7,8-Dimethyl-10-(D-ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl)- benzo(g) pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione; 1-Deoxy-1-(3,4-dihydro-7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxobenzo(g)pteridin- 10(2H)-yl)-D-ribitol; cas no: 83-88-5

Phytonadione ; vitamin K1; 2-methyl-3-[(E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione; aquamephyton cas no: 84-80-0

L-Ascorbic Acid Phosphate; L-Ascorbic Acid Monophosphate; Vitamin C Phosphate CAS NO:Mixture

CHOLECALCIFEROL, N° CAS : 67-97-0 - Vitamine D3, Nom INCI : CHOLECALCIFEROL, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Noms français : 9,10-SECOCHOLESTA-5,7,10(19)-TRIEN-3-BETA-OL; 9,10-SECOCHOLESTA-5,7,10(19)-TRIEN-3-OL, (3.BETA.,5Z,7E)-; VITAMIN D3; VITAMINE D3. Utilisation:Vitamine. Cholecalciferol (bg) ;cholekalciferol (cs); cholekalcyferol (pl); colecalciferol (da); colecalciferolo (it); colécalciférol (fr); D3-vitamin (hu); Kolekalciferol (hr); kolekalciferolis (lt); kolekalciferols (lv);Kolekalsiferoli (fi) kolekaltsiferool (et); 67-97-0 [RN]; calciol; Cholecalciferol (D3); Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3); Cholecalciferol for system suitability; Cholecalciferol solution; Cholecalciferolum; colecalciferol [BAN]; colecalciferol [Spanish]; colécalciférol [French]; Colecalciferolum [Latin]; D3-Vicotrat ; FeraCol Granuvit D3 Micro-Dee NEO Dohyfral D3 Provitina Vi-De3 Videkhol Vigantol VITAMIN D Vitamin D3 Vitamin D3 solution VS2900000 колекальциферол [Russian] كوليكالسيفيرول [Arabic] (+)-vitamin D3; (3??,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol; (5Z,7E)-(3S)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol; Activated 7-dehydrocholesterol; Calciol; CC; Colecalciferol; colecalciferolum; Oleovitamin D3; Vitamin D-3; Vitamin D3 (+)-vitamin D3; calciol; CC; Colecalciferol; Vitamin D3 1,2-Bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane 7-Dehydrocholesterol Arachitol Cholecalciferol D3 Cholecalciferol, USP Grade Cholecalciferol|Vitamin D3 Colecalciferolo colecalciferolum Colecalciferolum Colecalcipherol D014807 D3-Vigantol Delsterol Deparal Devaron dihydrocholesterol Duphafral D3 1000 Ebivit EINECS 200-673-2 EINECS 215-797-2 Micro-D oleovitamin D3 Optimal-D Optimal-D Optimal-D; Vigantol Prestwick3_000429 Quintox Rampage Ricketon Trivitan VD3 VidDe-3-hydrosol Vi-de-3-hydrosol Vigorsan Vitamin D 3 vitamin d-3 vitamin D4 vitamind3

Age-protecting agent; BKF Anti OxBis-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl methane; Bis-(6-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-tert-butylphenyl)methane; BKF; BPH 6,6'-Di-tert-butyl-4.4'-dimethyl-2,2'-methanediyl-di-phenol; 6,6'-Di-tert-butyl-2,2'-methylene-bis-p-cresol2,2'-Methylene-bis-(6-tert-butyl-p-cresol) ; 2,2'-Methylene-bis-(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); Stabilizer BKF cas no:119-47-1

plant material derived from the grape, vitis vinifera l., vitaceae CAS NO:85594-37-2

extract of the seeds of the red grape, vitis vinifera l., vitaceae; grape extract; grape seed extract CAS NO: 85594-37-2

vodka flavor

pvp-va kolima10 kolima35 kolima75 gantrons630 gantrons860 copolyvidon pvp/va-s630 pvp-va-e735 luviskolva64 polectron845 kollidonva64 luviskolva28i luviskolva37e luviskolva37i luviskolva55e luviskolva55i luviskolva73e pvp/vacopolymer PVP-VAcopolymer VP/VA COPOLYMER Povidone Va S-630 CAS Number‎: ‎25086-89-9

DESCRIPTION:
VP/VA Copolymer is a film forming ingredient that works well in both skin/hair care products and cosmetics.
VP/VA Copolymer forms a film on the surface to trap and retain moisture for longer durations.
VP/VA Copolymer is found primarily in most hair care products, mascaras, nail polishes and also some skin care products.
The full form of VP/VA Copolymer is vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer, which appears as a white powder in its raw form.


CAS Number, 25086-89-9
European Community (EC) Number: 607-540-1
Chem/IUPAC Name:, Acetic acid ethenyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone
COSING REF No:, 60160



SYNONYMS OF VP/VA COPOLYMER:
Copovidone,Kollidon VA64,poly(V-co-V-Ac),poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate),poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl-acetate),polyvidone-vinylacetate 64,PVP VA64,PVP-VA,PVPVA 64,25086-89-9,PVP-VA,Polectron 845,Luviskol VA 28I,Luviskol VA 37E,Luviskol VA 64,Kolima 10,Kolima 35,ethenyl acetate;1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one,Gantron S 860,Ganex E 535,GAF-S 630,Luviskol VA 281,Luviskol VA 28 I,Luviskol VA 37 E,I 535,I 635,I 735,S 630
,Copovidone (Technical Grade),Luviskol VA-64,SCHEMBL29127,vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate,Vinyl Pyrrolidone/Vinyl Acetate,N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate,1-vinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate,FYUWIEKAVLOHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N,BCP31918,NSC114023,NSC114024,NSC114025,NSC114026,AKOS015898247,NSC-114023,NSC-114024,NSC-114025,NSC-114026,1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one; ethenyl acetate,ethenyl ethanoate; 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one,FT-0659810,50% in ethanol pound copolymer,3:7 pound(c),A817635,acetic acid ethenyl ester; 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone,733045-73-3





VP/VA Copolymer has good compatibility with many modifiers, plasticizers, spray propellants and other cosmetic ingredients.

VP/VA Copolymer is a synthetic vinyl polymer composed of vinyl acetate and vinylpyrrolidone.


VP/VA copolymer is a synthetic polymer, or large molecule, used in skin care and hair care preparations primarily as a film-forming agent.
This category of ingredients creates a coating over the area of application which helps reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and creates a smooth feeling.
VP/VA copolymer is created through the combining of two smaller molecules, vinyl acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).

Hair care products commonly use this multi-industry ingredient to help fix hair into place, which is why it’s commonly incorporated into hair sprays.
Skin care and cosmetic products also use this ingredient, tapping into VP/VA copolymer’s ability to hinder TEWL and assist in the suspending and dispersing of ingredients (such as UV filters) in formulas.

Suppliers can provide this ingredient as both a powder (in 100% concentration) or as an alcohol-based solution (in 50% concentration).
In rinse off products, this copolymer is used in percentages between 0.07-44%, whereas in leave on preparations, it’s utilized in percentages ranging from 0.001-10%.



The VP / VA copolymer is a large molecule consisting of N-vinylpyrrolidone (PV) and vinyl acetate (VA) monomers.
This film-forming agent is mainly used in hair care, it helps the hair to maintain their style by preventing them from absorbing moisture.
When VP/VA copolymer dries, VP/VA copolymer forms a thin layer on the skin, hair or nails.
VP/VA copolymer is forbidden in organic.

A film-forming, hair fixative ingredient that leaves hair shiny.
VP/VA copolymer is a modified version of PVP.
Directly from a source: "Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone."
Scientifically speaking, VP/VA copolymer is: acetic acid ethenyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone.


VP/VA Copolymer is a big polymer (created from repeating subunits) molecule that works as a film former and hair fixative agent.
VP/VA Copolymer is a modified version of the first and classic hair fixative, PVP, that alternates the water-loving VP (Vinyl Pyrrolidone) units with water-hating VA (Vinyl Acetate) units to create a film that is less brittle and less sensitive to air humidity.


USES OF VP/VA COPOLYMER:

VP/VA Copolymer is Used in hair care like aerosol sprays, non-aerosol products, liquid hair setting products, gels and mousses.
VP/VA Copolymer Acts as a film-forming agent and hair fixative.
VP/VA Copolymer Possesses degreasing, good combing-out and washing-out properties.


VP/VA copolymer is a 60:40 linear, random copolymer of N-vinyl-2-pyrolidone (PVP) and vinyl acetate.
VP/VA copolymer acts as a tablet binder in denture cleanser tablets.

VP/VA Copolymer is a white powder.
VP/VA Copolymer offers strong & stiff hold, enhanced high humidity curl retention and good propellant compatibility.
VP/VA Copolymer is a film-forming agent used in the formulation of hair spray, gel, mousse, hair wax and shampoo.


VP/VA Copolymer is a white, free-flowing powder.
In cosmetics and personal care products, VP/VA Copolymer is used primarily in the formulation of hair care products but can also be found in skin and nail products.


VP/VA Copolymer helps hair hold its style by inhibiting the hair’s ability to absorb moisture.
VP/VA Copolymer dries to form a thin coating on the skin, hair or nails.
Usage: Add to water phase of formulas (usually no heating required).
Typical use level between 1-12%.
VP/VA Copolymer can be used in formulation of hair spray, gel, mousse, hair wax and shampoo.


VP/VA Copolymer has a number of benefits to offer in the world of cosmetics and personal care.
VP/VA Copolymer can mainly be found in hair care products, followed by cosmetics and a few skin care products.

Skin care:
VP/VA Copolymer is responsible for forming a thin layer on the skin that feels smooth to the touch and makes the surface look flawless.
VP/VA Copolymer also retains moisture on the skin and doesn't allow it to run dry for longer durations of time.

Hair care:
VP/VA Copolymer is mainly used in hair care products for hair setting.
This ingredient does not allow the shafts to absorb any further moisture and thus lose any styling done on them.
VP/VA Copolymer also forms a thin coat on hair that helps them retain its shape.

Decorative cosmetics:
VP/VA Copolymer is also added to cosmetic products like nail polish and mascara because it dries up to form a film that inhibits the surface from absorbing any moisture and thus keeps it styled impeccably.

ORIGIN OF VP/VA COPOLYMER:
VP/VA Copolymer is made by the monomers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate.
VP/VA Copolymer appears as a white free-flowing powder and is the result of very small chemical compounds combining to form a large molecule.

WHAT DOES VP/VA COPOLYMER DO IN A FORMULATION?
• Film forming
• Hair fixing
• Moisturising



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF VP/VA COPOLYMER:
Boiling Point, 217°C
Solubility, Soluble in water
Molecular Weight
197.23 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
3
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
3
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
197.10519334 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
197.10519334 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
46.6Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
14
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
186
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
2
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT VP/VA COPOLYMER:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is a film forming ingredient that works well in both skin/hair care products and cosmetics.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade forms a film on the surface to trap and retain moisture for longer durations.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is found primarily in most hair care products, mascaras, nail polishes and also some skin care products.

CAS: 25086-89-9
MF: C10H15NO3
MW: 197.23
EINECS: 200-001-8

Synonyms
Aceticacid,ethenylester,polymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone;aceticacidethenylester,polymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone;aceticacidethenylestercopolymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone;aceticacidvinylester,polymerwith1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone;gantrons860;i535;i635;i735
;25086-89-9;PVP-VA;Polectron 845;Luviskol VA 28I;Luviskol VA 37E;Luviskol VA 64;Kolima 10;Kolima 35;ethenyl acetate;1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;Gantron S 860;Ganex E 535;GAF-S 630;Luviskol VA 281;Luviskol VA 28 I;Luviskol VA 37 E;I 535;I 635;I 735;S 630;MFCD00134018;Copovidone (Technical Grade);Luviskol VA-64;SCHEMBL29127;vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate;Vinyl Pyrrolidone/Vinyl Acetate;N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate;1-vinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate;FYUWIEKAVLOHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N;BCP31918;NSC114023;NSC114024;NSC114025;NSC114026;AKOS015898247;NSC-114023;NSC-114024;NSC-114025;NSC-114026;1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one; ethenyl acetate;ethenyl ethanoate; 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;FT-0659810;A817635;acetic acid ethenyl ester; 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone;733045-73-3

VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is a type of copolymer that is used in the pharmaceutical industry.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is made from high-quality monomers and has low levels of impurities.
This makes VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade ideal for use in drugs and other medical products.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade has many advantages, including its ability to resist degradation and fouling, its low reactivity, and its compatibility with other chemicals.

VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is made by the monomers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade appears as a white free-flowing powder and is the result of very small chemical compounds combining to form a large molecule.
The full form of VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer, which appears as a white powder in its raw form.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is a 60:40 linear, random copolymer of N-vinyl-2-pyrolidone (PVP) and vinyl acetate.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade acts as a tablet binder in denture cleanser tablets.

VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Gradeis a Water-Soluble Polymer that is used as a Viscosity Modifier or stabilizer.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is important because it helps to thicken and stabilize products such as cosmetics, shampoos, and other personal care items.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade has several advantages over other types of polymers, including its ability to form films that are resistant to degradation and its ability to resist fouling by microorganisms.

VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade are top-quality materials designed to boost the performance and quality of your pharmaceutical formulations.
They are suitable for use in tablet coatings, binders, and film formers.
They contain Vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and Vinyl Acetate (VA), offering excellent adhesion, cohesion, water-resistance, and film-forming properties.
Produced to meet the highest pharmaceutical standards, they can improve stability, enhance drug release, and improve the appearance of your products.
Their worldwide availability guarantees that customers can access this superior product regardless of their geographical locations.

VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in diferrent ratios.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol and water.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade are widely used as film formers because of their film flexibility, good adhesion, luster, water remoistenability and hardness.
These properties make VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade suitable for a variety of industrial, personal care and pharmaceutical products.

VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade with different rations of N-Vinylpyrrolidone to Vinyl Acetate,soluble in most organic solvents.
Which exists in powder,water solution and ethnol solution form.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade' aqueous solutions are non-ionic, neutralization not required, Resultant films are hard, glossy, and water-removable; Tunable viscosity, softening point and water sensitivity depending on VP/VA ratio; Good compatibility with many modifiers, plasticizers, spray propellants and other cosmetic ingredients,and the hydroscopicity decreases in proportion to the ration of Vinyl acetate.

VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is a film former used primarily in hair care products, but also found in mascaras, nail polishes, and some skin care products, because of its ability to inhibit the hair (or lashes) from absorbing moisture; it dries and forms a thin barrier on hair, nails or skin.
When used in hair care products, VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade allows hair to hold a style longer by preventing moisture from entering the hair shaft.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is also used to hold together the ingredients of a compressed tablet or cake and helps to distribute or to suspend an insoluble solid in a liquid.

VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is a white or slightly yellowish, free-flowing powder with a faint characteristic odor and practically no taste.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade readily dissolves in all hydrophilic solvents.
Solutions of more than 10 % concentration can be prepared in water, ethanol, isopropanol, methylene chloride, glycerol and propylene glycol.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is less soluble in ether, cyclic, aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons.

VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is a synthetic polymer, or large molecule, used in skin care and hair care preparations primarily as a film-forming agent.
This category of ingredients creates a coating over the area of application which helps reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and creates a smooth feeling.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is created through the combining of two smaller molecules, vinyl acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
Hair care products commonly use this multi-industry ingredient to help fix hair into place, which is why VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade’s commonly incorporated into hair sprays.
Skin care and cosmetic products also use this ingredient, tapping into VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade’s ability to hinder TEWL and assist in the suspending and dispersing of ingredients (such as UV filters) in formulas.
Suppliers can provide VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade as both a powder (in 100% concentration) or as an alcohol-based solution (in 50% concentration).
In rinse off products, VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is used in percentages between 0.07-44%, whereas in leave on preparations, it’s utilized in percentages ranging from 0.001-10%.

VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade Chemical Properties
Density: 1.27 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Refractive index: 1.4300 to 1.4380
Fp: 72 °F
Solubility: Greater than 10% solubility in 1,4-butanediol, glycerol, butanol, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethanol (95%), glycerol, methanol, polyethylene glycol 400, propan-2-ol, propanol, propylene glycol, and water. Less than 1% solubility in cyclohexane, diethyl ether, liquid paraffin, and pentane.
Form: powder
Color: White
Stability: Stable. Combustible, especially in powdered form. Incompatible with strong oxidising agents, strong reducing agents.
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H9NO.C4H6O2/c1-2-7-5-3-4-6(7)8;1-3-6-4(2)5/h2H,1,3-5H2;3H,1H2,2H3
InChIKey: FYUWIEKAVLOHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.370 (est)
EPA Substance Registry System: VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade (25086-89-9)

VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is a white to yellowish-white amorphous powder.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is typically spray-dried with a relatively fine particle size.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade has a slight odor and a faint taste.

Uses
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is a water-soluble polymer used to improve the uptake and drug loading of various pharmaceutical agents, including contraceptive patches.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade has a number of benefits to offer in the world of cosmetics and personal care.
It can mainly be found in hair care products, followed by cosmetics and a few skin care products.

Skin care: VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is responsible for forming a thin layer on the skin that feels smooth to the touch and makes the surface look flawless.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade also retains moisture on the skin and doesn't allow it to run dry for longer durations of time.

Hair care: VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is mainly used in hair care products for hair setting.
This ingredient does not allow the shafts to absorb any further moisture and thus lose any styling done on them.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade also forms a thin coat on hair that helps them retain its shape.

Decorative cosmetics: VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is also added to cosmetic products like nail polish and mascara because it dries up to form a film that inhibits the surface from absorbing any moisture and thus keeps it styled impeccably.

Pharmaceutical Applications
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is used as a tablet binder, a film-former, and as part of the matrix material used in controlled-release formulations.
In tableting, copovidone can be used as a binder for direct compression and as a binder in wet granulation.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is often added to coating solutions as a film-forming agent.
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade provides good adhesion, elasticity, and hardness, and can be used as a moisture barrier.

Production Methods
VP/VA Copolymer Pharma Grade is manufactured by free-radical polymerization of vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate in a ratio of 6 : 4.
The synthesis is conducted in an organic solvent owing to the insolubility of vinyl acetate in water.

VULKACIT DM/C Vulkacit DM/C Vulcanization is the conversion of a high-molecular material from the plastic to the elastic state. One of the key chemical reactions in this process is that of rubber with sulfur. Sulfur vulcanization, widely used in the rubber industry, requires the use of vulcanization accelerators such as Vulkacit DM/C. Used in tread, side walls , auto tubes and carcass Manufacture of antibiotics cephalosporin V belts conveyor belts, hoses , cables, Manufacture of textile auxiliaries Anticorrosion agent in boilers Technical moldings and extrudates in general, e.g. seals, hose, profiles, cable sheeting & insulation Synonyms Vulkacit DM/C 576 Vulkacit DM/C CZ/C CBS Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EGC CBS Vulkacit DM/C DM/C MBTS Vulkacit DM/CDM/MG-C MBTS Vulkacit DM/C I 53880-86-7 Vulkacit DM/C LDA ZDEC Vulkacit DM/C DZ/EGC Vulkacit DM/C LDB ZDBC Vulkacit DM/C LDB/C ZDBC Vulkacit DM/C MOZ/LG MBS Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto/C MBT Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto/MG-C MBT Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EGC TBBS Vulkacit DM/C P Extra N ZEPC Vulkacit DM/C Thiuram/C TMTD Vulkacit DM/C ZBEC ZBEC Vulkacit DM/C ZBEC/C ZBEC Vulkacit DM/C ZM ZMBT Vulkacit DM/C ZM2 ZMBT Vulkacit DM/C ZM-2W ZMBT Vulkacit DM/CZM-W ZMBT Vulkacit DM/C® Technical Data Sheets This page has links to all data sheets in MatWeb for the tradename Vulkacit DM/C®. We have several search tools, listed above, that give you more efficient methods to reach the information that you need. Vulkacit DM/C® has 19 material(s) in the MatWeb database. Back to Tradename List Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® 576 Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® CZ/C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® CZ-EG-C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® DM/C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® DM/MG-C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® DM-PB/C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® DZ/EG-C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® F-C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® I Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® LDA Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® Merkapto/C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® Merkapto/MG-C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® NZ/EG-C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® Thiuram/C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® ZBEC/C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® ZM Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® ZM-2 Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® ZM-2W Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® ZM-W Vulcanization Accelerator Vulcanization is the conversion of a high molecular material from the plastic to the elastic state. One of the key chemical reactions in this process is that of rubber with sulfur. Sulfur vulcanization, widely used in the rubber industry, requires the use of vulcanization accelerators such as Vulkacit DM/C®. Vulcanization accelerators are not catalysts because they are part of the chemical reaction. The great variety of accelerators available is a result of their different influences on the vulcanization kinetics (scorch and cure time) and on physical properties such as tensile strength, elasticity or resistance to aging. In many cases, accelerators are combined to supply optimal processing and physical properties Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto This document provides a brief description of Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto, its uses, and the potential hazards associated with short and long term exposure. Environmental impact information for accidental releases is included. This information is general in nature and is not intended as a replacement for the safety data sheet (SDS), product label and other safe handling literature. For additional information consult the LANXESS safety data sheet. Identification Product Name: Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto Chemical Name: 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Synonym(s): 2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione 2-Benzothiazolethiol Benzothiazole-2-thiol MBT CAS Number: 149-30-4 Description Overview: Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto is a yellow solid at ambient temperatures. The chemical is sold by LANXESS in powder form with a mild, pungent odor. Uses: Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto is manufactured by LANXESS for use as a vulcanization accelerator in the production of tires and other rubber products. The chemical is also used as a mildewicide in the manufacture of textiles, paper sizings and water-based adhesives; and as a corrosion inhibitor in cutting oils and petroleum products. Properties: Melting Point: Product Safety Assessment: Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto Last Revised: August 2015 Page 2 of 3 Potential Human Health Effects Occupational Exposure Potential for exposure exists during manufacture, at transloading facilities, during transfers to storage or staging areas and—in its application as a vulcanization accelerator in the production of rubber—during the charging of mixers. Employee Training Workers handling Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto are trained to implement proper handling procedures and to understand the potential health and physical hazards of this product. NOISH approved, airpurifying particulate respirators are recommended for product handlers. In addition, LANXESS recommends that workers wear goggles, long-sleeved shirts, long pants and gloves when handling Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto to minimize skin and eye contact. Organic vapor respirators and engineering or process controls may be necessary in operations where the chemical is heated to thermal decomposition. Consumer Exposure LANXESS Corporation does not sell this product to the general public. Rubber goods using Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto as an accelerator retain the substance in encapsulated form in the final product. Persons susceptible to allergic skin reactions may experience “tennis shoe” dermatitis as a result of direct skin contact with shoes, elastic waistbands and other products containing the chemical. Skin irritation is typically temporary. Short-Term Health Effects Short-term contact with Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto may cause mild skin or eye irritation. Inhalation of Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto dust may cause respiratory tract irritation, with symptoms of coughing and a sore throat. Susceptible individuals may experience an allergic reaction from direct skin contact, with symptoms of redness, itching, swelling and rash. Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto is not expected to be harmful if swallowed. Long-Term Health Effects Long-term or repeated contact with Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto may cause skin sensitization. Physical Hazards Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto is a stable, non-volatile solid at room temperature. Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents. Large concentrations of Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto dust may be explosive. Exposure to heat, open flames and other potential sources of ignition should be avoided. Potential Environmental Impact Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto is not biodegradable but the chemical does break down into biodegradable substances with prolonged exposure to water and/or light. Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto may pose a potential danger to fish (slight toxicity), invertebrates (moderate to high toxicity) and aquatic plants (moderate to high toxicity) prior to degrading. Accumulation in the environment is not expected. Product Safety Assessment: Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto Last Revised: August 2015 Page 3 of 3 Conclusion Under normal conditions of anticipated use as described in this Product Safety Assessment, and if the recommended safe use and handling procedures are followed, Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto is not expected to pose a significant risk to human health or the environment. References International Chemical Safety Card, International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Safety Data Sheet (SDS), Vulkacit DM/C MERKAPTO, LANXESS Corporation 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C (N-CYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE) United States Nhava Sheva Sea KGS 18,000 3,551,718 197 2016 38121000 RUBBER CHEMICALS ACCELERATOR - Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C(R732) Belgium Nhava Sheva Sea KGS 12,000 2,867,592 239 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER CHEMICALS - ACCELERATOR) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 12,000 2,867,592 239 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (N-TERT BUTYL -2-BENZOTHIAZOLE SULPHANIDE) Belgium Cochin Sea KGS 12,000 2,867,592 239 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 24,000 5,980,978 249 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 7,000 1,741,871 249 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 5,000 1,244,194 249 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 4,500 1,119,774 249 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 3,000 746,516 249 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 6,000 1,493,033 249 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C (N-CYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE) United States Nhava Sheva Sea KGS 18,000 3,549,091 197 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 4,000 995,355 249 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 2,000 497,678 249 2016 38121000 RUBBER ACCELERATOR WF12 Vulkacit DM/C DPG POWDER FORM DIPHENYL GUANIDINE DPG China Pithampur KGS 8,000 1,883,024 235 2016 38121000 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE (MBT)(Vulkacit DM/C MERKAPTO/MG Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 61,200 7,933,261 130 2016 38121000 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE (MBT) Vulkacit DM/C MERKAPTO/MG Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 40,800 5,284,926 130 2016 38121000 RUBBER CHEMICALS ACCELERATOR - Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C(R732) Belgium Nhava Sheva Sea KGS 1,700 405,641 239 2016 38121000 RUBBER CHEMICALS ACCELERATOR - Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C(R732) Belgium Nhava Sheva Sea KGS 9,600 2,290,680 239 2016 38121000 RUBBER CHEMICALS ACCELERATOR - Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C(R732) Belgium Nhava Sheva Sea KGS 700 167,029 239 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 24,000 5,972,130 249 Vulkacit DM/C® Products & Applications - Overview Grade Name Description Vulkacit DM/C® CZ/C N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBS) Supply form: powder, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® CZ/EG-C N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBS) Supply form: granules, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® DM-PB/C di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide (MBTS) Supply form: powder, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® DM/C di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide (MBTS) Supply form: powder, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® DM/MG-C di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide (MBTS) Supply form: microgranules, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® DZ/EG-C (Kallo, Belgium) benzothiazyl-2-cyclo-hexyl sulfenamide (DCBS) Supply form: granules, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® Merkapto/C 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) Supply form: powder, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® Merkapto/MG-C 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) Supply form: microgranules, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® NZ/EG-C N-tert-butyl-benzo-thiazyl sulfenamide (TBBS) Supply form: granules, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® ZM zinc-2-mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) Supply form: powder Latex application areas: coagulated goods, foams, shoes, automotive - also acts as a sensitizing agent for foam compounds Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® ZM-2 zinc-2-mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) Supply form: powder low MBT version of Vulkacit DM/C® ZM Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® ZM-W zinc-2-mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) Supply form: powder wettable version of Vulkacit DM/C® ZM for latex Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C This document provides a brief description of Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C, its uses, and the potential hazards associated with short and long term exposure. Environmental impact information for accidental releases is included. This information is general in nature and is not intended as a replacement for the safety data sheet (SDS), product label and other safe handling literature. For additional information consult the LANXESS safety data sheet. Identification Product Name: Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C Chemical Name: n-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide coated with mineral oil Synonym(s): CBS 2-(Cyclohexylaminothio)benzothiazole Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide CAS Number: 95-33-0 Description Overview: Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C is a light gray solid in granule form at ambient temperatures. The product has a slight odor. Uses: Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C is used as a vulcanization accelerator in the production of tires and other rubber products. Properties: Melting Point: Flash Point: Solubility in Water: > 208°F (98°C) 334.4°F (168°C) Slight Product Safety Assessment: Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C Last Revised: August 2015 Page 2 of 3 Potential Human Health Effects Occupational Exposure Potential for exposure exists through inhalation, ingestion, skin or eye contact during cleaning, maintenance and repair work in facilities that manufacture Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C; at transloading facilities, during transfers to storage or staging areas andóin its application as a vulcanization acceleratoróduring the charging of mixers. Employee Training Workers handling Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C are trained to implement proper handling procedures and to understand the potential health and physical hazards of this product. A NIOSH approved airpurifying particulate respirator is recommended for operations where dust concentrations exceed appropriate standards/guidelines. In addition, LANXESS recommends that goggles, permeation resistant clothing, gloves and foot protection be worn when handling Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C. Consumer Exposure LANXESS Corporation does not sell this product to the general public. Rubber products manufactured using Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C as an accelerator may retain encapsulated n-cyclohexyl-2- benzothiazolesulfenamide and persons susceptible to allergic skin reactions may experience temporary skin irritation from direct contact with these products. Trace amounts of n-cyclohexyl-2- benzothiazolesulfenamide can leach from rubber goods manufactured using the chemical as an intermediate, and the chemical has been found in drinking water and other water sources. Short-Term Health Effects Short-term skin or eye contact with Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C may cause mild irritation. Susceptible individuals may experience an allergic reaction from direct contact with symptoms of redness, itching, swelling or rash. Inhalation of Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C dust may cause respiratory tract irritation with symptoms of coughing, sore throat and runny nose. Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C is not expected to be harmful if swallowed, although abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea may occur. Long-Term Health Effects Repeated or prolonged overexposure may result in sensitization and may cause effects as noted under Short-Term Health Effects. Certain mineral oils have been identified as known or suspected human carcinogens as well as fertility damage. Physical Hazards Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C is a stable, non-volatile solid at room temperature. Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents. Large concentrations of dust may form explosive mixtures with air. Heating to decomposition may release carbon monoxide and other toxic gases. Exposure to heat, open flames and other potential sources of ignition should be avoided. Potential Environmental Impact Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C is not biodegradable but it does break down into biodegradable substances with prolonged exposure to water or light. Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C may pose a potential danger to fish (slight toxicity), invertebrates (moderate to high toxicity) and aquatic plants (moderate to high toxicity) prior to degrading. Accumulation in the environment is not expected. Product Safety Assessment: Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C Last Revised: August 2015 Page 3 of 3 Conclusion Under normal conditions of anticipated use as described in this Product Safety Assessment, and if the recommended safe use and handling procedures are followed, Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C is not expected to pose a significant risk to human health or the environment. References European Union Risk Assessment Report: n-Cyclohexylbenzothiazol-2-sulphenemide, European Commission Safety Data Sheet (SDS), Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C, LANXESS Corporation Vulkacit DM/C 576 Vulkacit DM/C CZ/C CBS Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EGC CBS Vulkacit DM/C DM/C MBTS Vulkacit DM/CDM/MG-C MBTS Vulkacit DM/C I 53880-86-7 Vulkacit DM/C LDA ZDEC Vulkacit DM/C DZ/EGC Vulkacit DM/C LDB ZDBC Vulkacit DM/C LDB/C ZDBC Vulkacit DM/C MOZ/LG MBS Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto/C MBT Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto/MG-C MBT Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EGC TBBS Vulkacit DM/C P Extra N ZEPC Vulkacit DM/C Thiuram/C TMTD Vulkacit DM/C ZBEC ZBEC Vulkacit DM/C ZBEC/C ZBEC Vulkacit DM/C ZM ZMBT

cas no: 91082-88-1

Vulvic acid is a white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap.
Vulvic acid, Reagent, also known as n-Dodecanoic acid, is a medium chain fatty acid that has a vague smell of soap and is a powder.


CAS Number: 143-07-7
EC Number: 205-582-1
MDL Number: MFCD00004440
Molecular formula: C10H18O4 / HOOC(CH2)8COOH



SYNONYMS:
Dodecanoic acid, n-Dodecanoic acid, Dodecylic acid, Dodecoic acid, Laurostearic acid, Vulvic acid, 1-Undecanecarboxylic acid, Duodecylic acid, C12:0 (Lipid numbers), Laurostearic acid, Laurates, NSC 5026, Vulvic acid, 1-Dodecanoic acid, Dodecanoates, Lauric acid, Dodecylic acid, 1-Undecanecarboxylic acid, FA12:0, n-Dodecanoic acid, lauric acid, n-dodecanoic acid, dodecylic acid, vulvic acid, laurostearic acid, dodecoic acid, duodecylic acid, 1-undecanecarboxylic acid, aliphat no. 4, neo-fat 12, Decanedioic acid, 1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid, Decane-1,10-dioic acid, sebacic acid, DECANEDIOIC ACID, 111-20-6, 1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid, 1,10-Decanedioic acid, Sebacic acids, Sebacinsaure, Decanedicarboxylic acid, n-Decanedioic acid, Acide sebacique, Sebacinsaeure, USAF HC-1, Ipomic acid, Seracic acid, Decanedioic acid, homopolymer, NSC 19492, UNII-97AN39ICTC, 1,8-dicarboxyoctane, 26776-29-4, NSC19492, 97AN39ICTC, octane-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, CHEBI:41865, NSC-19492, DSSTox_CID_6867, DSSTox_RID_78231, DSSTox_GSID_26867, SebacicAcid, CAS-111-20-6, CCRIS 2290, EINECS 203-845-5, BRN 1210591, n-Decanedioate, Iponic acid, AI3-09127, disodium-sebacate, 4-oxodecanedioate, MFCD00004440, 1,10-Decanedioate, Sebacic acid, 94%, Sebacic acid, 99%, Dicarboxylic acid C10, 1i8j, 1l6s, 1l6y, 1,8-Octanedicarboxylate, WLN: QV8VQ, SEBACIC ACID, EC 203-845-5, SCHEMBL3977, NCIOpen2_008624, SEBACIC ACID, 4-02-00-02078, SEBACIC ACID, CHEMBL1232164, DTXSID7026867, Sebacic acid, >=95.0% (GC), ZINC1531045, Tox21_201778, Tox21_303263, BBL011473, LMFA01170006, s5732, STL146585, AKOS000120056, CCG-266598, CS-W015503, DB07645, GS-6713, HY-W014787, NCGC00164361-01, NCGC00164361-02, NCGC00164361-03, NCGC00257150-01, NCGC00259327-01, BP-27864, NCI60_001628, DB-121158, FT-0696757, C08277, A894762, C10-120, C10-140, C10-180, C10-220, C10-260, C10-298, Q413454, Q-201703, Z1259273339, 301CFA7E-7155-4D51-BD2F-EB921428B436, 1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid, Decanedioic acid, Octane-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, 1,10-Decanedioic Acid, 1,8-Octanedicarboxylic Acid, NSC 19492, NSC 97405, n-Decanedioic Acid, 1,10-Decanedioate, 1,10-Decanedioic acid, 1,8-Dicarboxyoctane, 1,8-Octanedicarboxylate, 1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid, 4,7-Dioxosebacic acid, 4,7-dioxosebacic acid, 4-Oxodecanedioate, 4-oxodecanedioate, 4-Oxodecanedioic acid, 1,10-Decanedioic acid, 1,8-Dicarboxyoctane, Decanedioic acid, Sebacinsaeure, 1,10-Decanedioate, Decanedioate, Sebacate, 1,8-Octanedicarboxylate, 1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid, 4,7-Dioxosebacic acid, 4-Oxodecanedioate, 4-Oxodecanedioic acid, Acide sebacique, Decanedicarboxylic acid, Dicarboxylic acid C10, Ipomic acid, N-Decanedioate, N-Decanedioic acid, Sebacic acids, Sebacinsaure, Seracic acid, Sebacic acid, aluminum salt, Sebacic acid, monocadmium salt, Sebacic acid, sodium salt, DECANEDIOIC ACID, sebacic, USAF hc-1, acidesebacique, SEBACIC ACID pure, n-Decanedioic acid, 1,10-Decanedioic acid, Decanedicarboxylic acid, sebacate (decanedioate), 1,8-OCTANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, 1,10-Decanedioate, 1,10-Decanedioic acid, 1,8-Octanedicarboxylate, 1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid, 4,7-Dioxosebacic acid, 4-Oxodecanedioate, 4-Oxodecanedioic acid, Acide sebacique, Decanedicarboxylic acid, Decanedioate, 1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid, 1,10-Decanedioic acid, n-Decanedioic acid, 4-Oxodecanedioate, 1,8-Dicarboxyoctane, Octane-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, Sebacic acid, Ipomic acid, Seracic acid, lauric acid, DODECANOIC ACID, 143-07-7, n-Dodecanoic acid, Dodecylic acid, Laurostearic acid, Vulvic acid, Dodecoic acid, Duodecylic acid, 1-Undecanecarboxylic acid, Aliphat No. 4, Ninol AA62 Extra, Wecoline 1295, Hydrofol acid 1255, Hydrofol acid 1295, Duodecyclic acid, Hystrene 9512, Univol U-314, Lauric acid, pure, Dodecylcarboxylate, Lauric acid (natural), Laurinsaeure, Undecane-1-carboxylic acid, ABL, NSC-5026, FEMA No. 2614, laurate, C-1297, Philacid 1200, CCRIS 669, C12:0, Emery 651, Lunac L 70, CHEBI:30805, HSDB 6814, EINECS 205-582-1, UNII-1160N9NU9U, BRN 1099477, n-Dodecanoate, Kortacid 1299, Dodecanoic Acid Anion, DTXSID5021590, Prifrac 2920, AI3-00112, Lunac L 98, Univol U 314, Prifac 2920, 1160N9NU9U, MFCD00002736, DAO, DTXCID801590, CH3-[CH2]10-COOH, NSC5026, EC 205-582-1, dodecylate, laurostearate, vulvate, 4-02-00-01082 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), DODECANOIC ACID (LAURIC ACID), 1-undecanecarboxylate, LAURIC ACID (USP-RS), LAURIC ACID [USP-RS], CH3-(CH2)10-COOH, 8000-62-2, CAS-143-07-7, SMR001253907, laurinsaure, dodecanic acid, Nuvail, lauric-acid, Acide Laurique, 3uil, Lauric acid (NF), DODECANOICACID, fatty acid 12:0, Lauric Acid, Reagent, Nissan NAA 122, Emery 650, Dodecanoic acid, 98%, Dodecanoic acid, 99%, Guaranteed Reagent,99%, Dodecanoic (Lauric) acid, LAURIC ACID [MI], bmse000509, LAURIC ACID [FCC], LAURIC ACID [FHFI], SCHEMBL5895, NCIOpen2_009480, MLS002177807, MLS002415737, WLN: QV11, Dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), LAURIC ACID [WHO-DD], Dodecanoic acid, >=99.5%, Edenor C 1298-100, DODECANOIC ACID [HSDB], CHEMBL108766, GTPL5534, NAA 122, NAA 312, HMS2268C14, HMS3649N06, HY-Y0366, STR08039, Dodecanoic acid, analytical standard, Lauric acid, >=98%, FCC, FG, Tox21_202149, Tox21_303010, BDBM50180948, LMFA01010012, s4726, STL281860, AKOS000277433, CCG-266587, DB03017, FA 12:0, HYDROFOL ACID 1255 OR 1295, NCGC00090919-01, NCGC00090919-02, NCGC00090919-03, NCGC00256486-01, NCGC00259698-01, AC-16451, BP-27913, DA-64879, Dodecanoic acid, >=99% (GC/titration), LAU, Dodecanoic acid, purum, >=96.0% (GC), Lauric acid, natural, >=98%, FCC, FG, CS-0015078, L0011, NS00008441, EN300-19951, C02679, D10714, A808010, LAURIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO), Q422627, SR-01000838338, J-007739, SR-01000838338-3, BRD-K67375056-001-07-9, F0001-0507, LAURIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO) [DSC], Z104476194, 76C2A2EB-E8BA-40A6-8032-40A98625ED7B, Lauric acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Lauric acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Lauric Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 203714-07-2, 7632-48-6, InChI=1/C12H24O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12(13)14/h2-11H2,1H3,(H,13,14, 1-Undecanecarboxylate, 1-Undecanecarboxylic acid, ABL, Acide Laurique, C12 fatty acid, C12:0, Coconut oil fatty acids, DAO, Dodecanoate, dodecanoic acid, dodecoate, Dodecoic acid, Dodecylate, dodecylcarboxylate, Dodecylic acid, duodecyclate, Duodecyclic acid, duodecylate, Duodecylic acid, LAP, LAU, Laurate, Lauric acid, Laurinsaeure, Laurostearate, Laurostearic acid, MYR, n-Dodecanoate, n-Dodecanoic acid, Sorbitan laurate, Sorbitan monolaurate (NF), undecane-1-carboxylate, Undecane-1-carboxylic acid, Vulvate, Vulvic acid, CH3-[CH2]10-COOH, Dodecylcarboxylic acid, Laate, Laic acid, Aliphat no. 4, Edenor C 1298-100, Emery 651, Hystrene 9512, Kortacid 1299, Lunac L 70, Lunac L 98, Neo-fat 12, Neo-fat 12-43, Nissan naa 122, Philacid 1200, Prifac 2920, Univol u 314, 1-Dodecanoic acid, FA(12:0), 1-Undecanecarboxylic acid, ABL, Aliphat no. 4, C12 fatty acid, Coconut oil fatty acids, Dodecanoate, Dodecanoic (lauric) acid, Dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), Dodecoic acid, Dodecylcarboxylate, Dodecylic acid, Duodecyclic acid, Duodecylic acid, Emery 650, Lauric acid, Lauric acid, pure, Laurinsaeure, Laurostearic acid, Lunac L 70, n-Dodecanoic Acid, N-Dodecanoate, Neo-fat 12, Ninol aa62 extra, Undecane-1-carboxylic acid, Univol U 314, Univol U-314, Vulvic acid, AI3-00112, BRN 1099477, C-1297, CCRIS 669, EINECS 205-582-1, FEMA NO. 2614, HSDB 6814, HYDROFOL ACID 1255, HYDROFOL ACID 1295, HYSTRENE 9512, NEO-FAT 12-43, PHILACID 1200, PRIFRAC 2920, WECOLINE 1295, 1-Undecanecarboxylic acid, ABL, AC-16451, AC1L1GY2, AC1Q5W8C, AKOS000277433, Aliphat No. 4, CH3-[CH2]10-COOH, Coconut oil fatty acids, DAO, DODECANOIC ACID, DODECANOIC ACID (LAURIC ACID), Dodecanoate, Dodecanoic (Lauric) acid, Dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), Dodecanoic acid(Lauric acid), Dodecoic acid, Dodecylcarboxylate, Dodecylic acid, Duodecyclic acid, Duodecylic acid, Emery 650, Hydrofol acid 1255, Hydrofol acid 1295, Hystrene 9512, I04-1205, L-ALFA-LYSOPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE, LAUROYL, L0011, LAP, LAU, Lauric acid, pure, Laurinsaeure, Laurostearic acid, Lunac L 70, Neo-fat 12, Neo-fat 12-43, Ninol AA62 Extra, Philacid 1200, Prifrac 2920, SMR001253907, ST023796, Undecane-1-carboxylic acid, Univol U-314, Vulvic acid, Wecoline 1295, [2-((1-OXODODECANOXY-(2-HYDROXY-3-PROPANYL))-PHOSPHONATE-OXY)-ETHYL]-TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM, n-Dodecanoate, n-Dodecanoic acid, nchembio.364-comp10, Dodecanoic acid, n-Dodecanoic acid, Neo-fat 12, Aliphat no. 4, Abl, Dodecylic acid, Lauric acid, Laurostearic acid, Neo-fat 12-43, Ninol aa62 extra, Univol u-314, Vulvic acid, 1-Undecanecarboxylic acid, Duodecylic acid, C-1297, Coconut oil fatty acids, Hydrofol acid 1255, Hydrofol acid 1295, Wecoline 1295, Dodecoic acid, Hystrene 9512, Lunac L 70, Duodecyclic acid, Emery 650, n-Dodecanoate, Philacid 1200, Prifrac 2920, Undecane-1-carboxylic acid, C-1297, dodecanoic acid, dodecoic acid, duodecylic acid, ndodecanoic acid, Hydrofol acid 1255, Hydrofol acid 1295, Hystrene 9512, laurostearic acid, Neo-fat 12, Neo-fat 12-43, Ninol AA62 Extra, 1-undecanecarboxylic acid, vulvic acid, Wecoline 1295, Dodecoic acid, Duodecyclic acid, Edenor C 1298-100, Emery 650, Hydrofol acid 1295, Hystrene 9512, Kortacid 1299, Laurostearate, Lunac L 70, Lunac L 98, Neo-fat 12, Ninol AA62 extra, Nissan naa 122, Philacid 1200, Prifac 2920, Prifrac 2920, Univol U 314, Vulvate, Vulvic acid, Wecoline 1295, 1-Undecanecarboxylate, 1-Undecanecarboxylic acid, Dodecylate, Dodecylcarboxylate, Dodecylic acid, Duodecylic acid, Laurostearic acid, n-Dodecanoic acid, Undecane-1-carboxylic acid, LAP, LAU, DAO, lauric acid, n-dodecanoic acid, dodecylic acid, vulvic acid, laurostearic acid, dodecoic acid, duodecylic acid, 1-undecanecarboxylic acid, aliphat no. 4, neo-fat 12, 143-07-7, 205-582-1, 1-UNDECANECARBOXYLIC ACID, DODECANOIC ACID, DODECANOIC ACID [HSDB], DODECOIC ACID, FEMA NO. 2614, LAURATE, LAURIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO) [DSC], LAURIC ACID [FCC], LAURIC ACID [FHFI], LAURIC ACID [MI], LAURIC ACID [USP-RS], LAURIC ACID [WHO-DD], LAUROSTEARIC ACID, N-DODECANOIC ACID, NSC-5026, Dodecanoic acid, Lauric acid, Laurostearic acid, 1-Undecanecarboxylic acid, ABL, Aliphat No. 4, Univol U 314, Dodecylic acid, Vulvic acid, Neo-Fat 12-43, n-Dodecanoic acid, Neo-Fat 12, Lunac L 70, Emery 651, Prifac 2920, Nissan NAA 122, Lunac L 98, Hystrene 9512, NAA 312, Kortacid 1299, Philacid 1200, Edenor C 1298-100, NSC 5026, NAA 122, Prifac 2922, Edenor C 12, Prifrac 2920, ContraZeck, 1-Dodecanoic acid, Imex C 1299, Palmac 98-12, Edenor 12/98-100, Palmera B 1231, Edenor C 12-98-100, Lasacid FC 12, Laurates, Dodecanoates, Palmae 99-12, D 97385, Edenor C12-99, Coconut Hard 34, Coconut Hard 42, Radiacid 0624, NS 6, 7632-48-6, 8000-62-2, 8045-27-0, 203714-07-2, 55621-34-6, DODECANOIC ACID, C12, Emery651, Vulvic acid, FEMA 2614, lauric acid, pure, N-DODECANOIC ACID, LAUROSTEARIC ACID, Lauric acid 98-101 % (acidimetric), Fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate (MES), Dodecanoic D23 Acid, Dodecanoic Acid-d23,1-Dodecanoic Acid-d23, 1-Undecanecarboxylic Acid-d23, ABL-d23, Aliphat No. 4-d23, ContraZeck-d23, Dodecylic Acid-d23, Edenor C 12-d23,Edenor C 1298-100-d23, Emery 651-d23, Hystrene 9512-d23, Imex C 1299-d23, Kortacid 1299-d23, Laurostearic Acid-d23, Lunac L 70-d23, Lunac L 98-d23, NAA 122-d23, NAA 312-d23, NSC 5026-d23, Neo-Fat 12-d23, Neo-Fat 12-43-d23, Nissan NAA 122-d23, Philacid 1200-d23, Prifac 2920-d23, Prifac 2922-d23, Prifrac 2920-d23, Univol U 314-d23, Vulvic Acid-d23, n-Dodecanoic Acid-d23, Dodecanoate, Coconut Oil Fatty Acids, Laurostearic Acid, N-Dodecanoic Acid, C12 Fatty Acid, Duodecyclic Acid, Vulvic Acid, Dodecanoic Acid (Lauric Acid), Duodecylic Acid, N-Dodecanoate, Dodecanoic (Lauric) Acid, Laurinsaeure, Lauric Acid, Pure, Lauric Acid (Natural), Dodecylcarboxylate, Abl, Dao, Lap, Lau, Myr



Vulvic acid is a saturated fatty acid with the structural formula CH3(CH2)10COOH .
Vulvic acid is the main acid in coconut oil and in palm kernel oil, and is believed to have antimicrobial properties.
Vulvic acid is also found in human milk(5.8% of total fat), cows milk(2.2%), and goat milk(4.5%).


Vulvic acid is a white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap.
Vulvic acid, Reagent, also known as Vulvic acid, is a medium chain fatty acid that has a vague smell of soap and is a powder.
Vulvic acid is found naturally in human breast milk as well as cow's and goat's milk.


Vulvic acid's reagent grade means this is the highest quality commercially available for this chemical and that the American Chemical Society has not officially set any specifications for this material.
Vulvic acid is an inexpensive, non-toxic and safe to handle compound often used in laboratory investigations of melting-point depression.


Vulvic acid is a solid at room temperature but melts easily in boiling water, so liquid Vulvic acid can be treated with various solutes and used to determine their molecular masses.
Vulvic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus having many properties of medium-chain fatty acids.


Vulvic acid is a bright white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap.
The salts and esters of Vulvic acid are known as laurates.
Vulvic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a terminal carboxylic acid.


The terminal carboxylic acid, Vulvic acid, can react with primary amine groups in the presence of activators such as HATU.
Vulvic acid is a carbon 13 labeled form of a saturated fatty acid found in coconut milk, coconut oil, laurel oil, and palm kernel oil, as well as in human breast milk and other animal milks.


Vulvic acid is a proton pump inhibitor potentially for the treatment of helicobacter pylori infections.
In vitro experiments have suggested that some fatty acids including Vulvic acid could be a useful component in a treatment for acne, but no clinical trials have yet been conducted to evaluate this potential benefit in humans.


Vulvic acid increases total serum cholesterol more than many other fatty acids.
But most of the increase is attributable to an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (the "good" blood cholesterol).
As a result, Vulvic acid has been characterized as having "a more favorable effect on total HDL cholesterol than any other fatty acid, either saturated or unsaturated.


Vulvic acid, identified by CAS number 143-07-7, is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom backbone, prominently known for its role in the manufacturing of soaps, detergents, and cosmetics.
As a fundamental component, Vulvic acid is celebrated for its surfactant properties, which enable the production of a rich lather in cleansing products.


In research, Vulvic acid is extensively used to study lipid behavior in various systems due to its amphiphilic nature, which allows it to assemble into micelles and other nanostructures in aqueous solutions.
These studies are crucial for advancing the fields of material science and nanotechnology, particularly in the development of delivery systems and the enhancement of product formulations.


Additionally, Vulvic acid is employed in food science research where it serves as a model to understand the digestion and metabolism of medium-chain fatty acids.
Vulvic acid's antimicrobial properties are also examined in terms of how they can be leveraged in non-medical applications, such as in food preservation and safety, where reducing microbial growth is essential.


Moreover, Vulvic acid′s role in industrial applications extends to its use as a raw material in the synthesis of various chemical derivatives, including esters used in flavorings and fragrances, showcasing its versatility and importance in both scientific research and industrial applications.
Vulvic acid is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with a 12-carbon backbone.


Vulvic acid is found naturally in various plant and animal fats and oils, and is a major component of coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
Vulvic acid, C12H24O2, also known as Vulvic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain.
The powdery, white crystalline acid, Vulvic acid, has a slight odor of oil of bay and occurs naturally in various plant and animal fats and oils.


Vulvic acid is a major component of coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
Vulvic acid, CAS 143-07-7, chemical formula C12H24O2, is produced as a white crystalline powder, has a slight odor of bay oil, and is soluble in water, alcohols, phenyls, haloalkanes, and acetates.


Vulvic acid is non-toxic, safe to handle, inexpensive, and has a long shelf life.
Vulvic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus falling into the medium chain fatty acids.
Vulvic acid is a white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap.


Vulvic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.
Vulvic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.


Vulvic acid is a potentially toxic compound.
Vulvic acid has the chemical formula C12H24O2.
Vulvic acid appears as a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor like oil of bay.


Vulvic acid is insoluble in Water and soluble in Ether, Chloroform, and Alcohol.
Vulvic acid is found naturally in some plant and animal fats and is a key component of coconut oil.
Vulvic acid is synthetically prepared by the fractional distillation of other acids of mixed coconut.


Vulvic acid is a white solid with a slight odor of bay oil.
Vulvic acid is a straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.


Vulvic acid has a role as a plant metabolite, an antibacterial agent and an algal metabolite.
Vulvic acid is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a medium-chain fatty acid.
Vulvic acid is a conjugate acid of a dodecanoate.


Vulvic acid derives from a hydride of a dodecane.
Vulvic acid is an inexpensive, non-toxic and safe to handle compound often used in laboratory investigations of melting-point depression.
Vulvic acid is a solid at room temperature but melts easily in boiling water, so liquid lauric acid can be treated with various solutes and used to determine their molecular masses.


Vulvic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.
Vulvic acid is a natural product found in Ipomoea leptophylla, Arisaema tortuosum, and other organisms with data available.
Vulvic acid is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with a 12-carbon backbone.


Vulvic acid is found naturally in various plant and animal fats and oils, and is a major component of coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
Vulvic acid is the main fatty acid in coconut oil and in palm kernel oil, and is believed to have antimicrobial properties.
Vulvic acid is a white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil.


Vulvic acid, although slightly irritating to mucous membranes, has a very low toxicity and so is used in many soaps and shampoos.
Vulvic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Vulvic acid is a medium-chain saturated fatty acid.


Vulvic acid is found in many vegetable fats and in coconut and palm kernel oils.
Vulvic acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.


Vulvic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus having many properties of medium-chain fatty acids.
Vulvic acid is a bright white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap.
The salts and esters of Vulvic acid are known as laurates.


Vulvic acid is a precursor to dilauroyl peroxide, a common initiator of polymerizations.
Vulvic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.


Vulvic acid, also known as dodecanoate or lauric acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.
Vulvic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.


Vulvic acid is the main fatty acid in coconut oil and in palm kernel oil, and is believed to have antimicrobial properties.
Vulvic acid is a white, powdery solid with a faint odour of bay oil.
Vulvic acid, although slightly irritating to mucous membranes, has a very low toxicity and so is used in many soaps and shampoos.


Vulvic acid is a fatty acid that has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Vulvic acid inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the active site of the enzyme dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, which catalyzes the conversion of dihydrolipoamide and acetyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA.


Vulvic acid also binds to dinucleotide phosphate, which is involved in regulation of phase transition temperature and biological samples.
Vulvic acid has also been shown to act as an active inhibitor of fatty acid synthase, an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA).


This process is essential for bacterial growth.
Vulvic acid has synergistic effects with other antibiotics such as ampicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline.
Vulvic acid is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with a 12-carbon backbone.


Vulvic acid is found naturally in various plant and animal fats and oils, and is a major component of coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
Vulvic acid is a medium-length long-chain fatty acid, or lipid, that makes up about half of the fatty acids within coconut oil.
Vulvic acid’s a powerful substance that is sometimes extracted from the coconut for use in developing monolaurin.


Monolaurin is an antimicrobial agent that is able to fight bacteria, viruses, yeasts, and other pathogens.
Because you can’t ingest Vulvic acid alone (it’s irritating and not found alone in nature), you’re most likely to get it in the form of coconut oil or from fresh coconuts.


Though coconut oil is being studied at a breakneck pace, much of the research doesn’t pinpoint what in the oil is responsible for its reported benefits.
Because coconut oil contains much more than just Vulvic acid, it would be a stretch to credit it with all of the coconut oil benefits.
Still, a 2015 analysis suggests that many of the benefits tied to coconut oil are directly linked to Vulvic acid.


Among the benefits, they suggest Vulvic acid could aid weight loss and even protect against Alzheimer’s disease.
Its effects on blood cholesterol levels still need to be clarified.
This research suggests that the benefits of Vulvic acid are due to how the body uses it.


The majority of Vulvic acid is sent directly to the liver, where it’s converted to energy rather than stored as fat.
When compared with other saturated fats, Vulvic acid contributes the least to fat storage.
Vulvic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus having many properties of medium-chain fatty acids.


Vulvic acid is a bright white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap.
The salts and esters of Vulvic acid are known as laurates.
Like many other fatty acids, Vulvic acid is inexpensive, has a long shelf-life, and is non-toxic and safe to handle.


Vulvic acid is mainly used for the production of soaps and cosmetics.
For these purposes, Vulvic acid is neutralized with sodium hydroxide to give sodium laurate, which is a soap.
Most commonly, sodium laurate is obtained by saponification of various oils, such as coconut oil.


These precursors give mixtures of sodium laurate and other soaps. Vulvic acid occurs as a white crystalline powder
Vulvic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain used in industrial cleaners, lubricants, soaps, surfactants, agricultural additives, coatings, food additives, textile additives.


Vulvic acid, the saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus falling into the medium chain fatty acids, is a white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap.
Vulvic acid, as a component of triglycerides, comprises about half of the fatty acid content in coconut oil, laurel oil, and in palm kernel oil.


Otherwise Vulvic acid is relatively uncommon.
Vulvic acid increases total serum cholesterol the most of any fatty acid.
But most of the increase is attributable to an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (the "good" blood cholesterol).


As a result, Vulvic acid has been characterized as having "a more favorable effect on total:HDL cholesterol than any other fatty acid, either saturated or unsaturated."
In general, a lower total/HDL serum cholesterol ratio correlates with a decrease in atherosclerotic risk.


For these purposes, Vulvic acid is neutralized with sodium hydroxide to give sodium laurate, which is a soap.
Vulvic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus falling into the medium chain fatty acids.
Vulvic acid is a white crystalline carboxylic acid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap.


Vulvic acid has been found at high levels in coconut oil.
Vulvic acid induces the activation of NF-κB and the expression of COX-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and IL-1α in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 25 μM.


Vulvic acid is a straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
Vulvic acid has a role as a plant metabolite, an antibacterial agent and an algal metabolite.


Vulvic acid is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a medium-chain fatty acid.
Vulvic acid is a conjugate acid of a dodecanoate.
Vulvic acid derives from a hydride of a dodecane.


Vulvic acid is a white crystalline carboxylic acid.
Vulvic acid is used as a plasticizer and for making detergents and soaps.
Vulvic acid's glycerides occur naturally in coconut and palm oils.


Vulvic acid is a white solid with a slight odor of bay oil.
Vulvic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.


Vulvic acid is a white, powdery solid with a faint odour of mild fatty coconut bay oil or soap.
Vulvic acid is the main fatty acid in coconut oil (49%) and in palm kernel oil (47-50%), and is found in lesser amounts in wild nutmeg, human breast milk, cow’s milk, goat milk, watermelon seeds, plum and macadamia nut.


Vulvic acid, although slightly irritating to mucous membranes, has an extremely low toxicity, is inexpensive, has antimicrobial properties and so is used in many soaps and shampoos.
Vulvic acid is a weakly acidic compound.


Vulvic acid is reacted with sodium hydroxide to generate sodium laurate, which is soap.
Vulvic acid has been characterized as having "a more favorable effect on total HDL cholesterol than any other fatty acid either saturated or unsaturated"



USES and APPLICATIONS of VULVIC ACID:
Vulvic acid is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Vulvic acid is approved for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: repelling or attracting pests.


People also use Vulvic acid as medicine.
People use Vulvic acid for viral infections such as the flu, common cold, genital herpes, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support any use.


Vulvic acid is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, polishes and waxes, air care products and plant protection products.
Other release to the environment of Vulvic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.


Release to the environment of Vulvic acid can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with high release rate (e.g. sanding operations or paint stripping by shot-blasting) and industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).


Other release to the environment of Vulvic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).


Vulvic acid can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).
Vulvic acid is also used as a food additive and an active component in a treatment for acne.


Vulvic acid can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture) and paper used for packaging (excluding food packaging).


Vulvic acid is used in the preparation of cosmetics, soaps, alkyd resins and wetting agents.
Vulvic acid is also used to measure the molar mass of an unknown substance through freezing point depression.
Vulvic acid is also used as a food additive and an active component in a treatment for acne.


In addition to this, Vulvic acid is a substrate for acylation of certain proteins based on the murine studies.
Vulvic acid is used in the preparation of cosmetics, soaps, alkyd resins and wetting agents.
Vulvic acid is also used to measure the molar mass of an unknown substance through freezing point depression.


In addition to this, Vulvic acid is a substrate for acylation of certain proteins based on the murine studies.
Vulvic acid is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes, adhesives and sealants, cosmetics and personal care products and laboratory chemicals.


Vulvic acid is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
Vulvic acid is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur.


Release to the environment of Vulvic acid can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Other release to the environment of Vulvic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.


Vulvic acid is used in the following products: polymers, pH regulators and water treatment products, leather treatment products, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, inks and toners, cosmetics and personal care products, lubricants and greases and textile treatment products and dyes.


Release to the environment of Vulvic acid can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Vulvic acid is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, leather treatment products, polymers, textile treatment products and dyes, pH regulators and water treatment products and lubricants and greases.


Vulvic acid is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
Vulvic acid is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur.


Release to the environment of Vulvic acid can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as processing aid and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Vulvic acid can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Vulvic acid is an inexpensive, non-toxic and safe to handle compound often used in laboratory investigations of melting-point depression.
Vulvic acid is a solid at room temperature but melts easily in boiling water, so liquid lauric acid can be treated with various solutes and used to determine their molecular masses.


In the laboratory, Vulvic acid may be used to investigate the molar mass of an unknown substance via the freezing-point depression.
The choice of Vulvic acid is convenient because the melting point of the pure compound is relatively high (43.8°C).
Its cryoscopic constant is 3.9°C•kg/mol.


By melting Vulvic acid with the unknown substance, allowing it to cool, and recording the temperature at which the mixture freezes, the molar mass of the unknown compound may be determined.
In industry, Vulvic acid is used as an intermediate and as a surface active agent.


Industrial applications of Vulvic acid and its derivatives include the fatty acid as a component of alkyd resins, wetting agents, a rubber accelerator and softener, detergents, and insecticides.
The consumer market uses Vulvic acid in the cleaning, furnishing, and production of personal care products.


In medicine, Vulvic acid is known to increase total serum cholesterol more than many of the other fatty acids.
Common Uses and Applications of Vulvic acid: Additive, Acidifiers, Chemical intermediate, Lubricant, Synthesis of substances, Industries, Chemical Production, Personal Care, and Laboratories.


Vulvic acid is mainly used in the manufacturing of soaps and other cosmetics.
In scientific laboratories, Vulvic acid is often used to investigate the molar mass of unknown substances via freezing-point depression.
In industry, Vulvic acid is used as an intermediate and as a surface active agent.


The consumer market uses Vulvic acid in the cleaning, furnishing, and production of personal care products.
In medicine, Vulvic acid is known to increase total serum cholesterol more than many of the other fatty acids.
Vulvic acid is mainly used in the manufacture and production of soaps and other cosmetics as well as scientific laboratory uses.


Vulvic acid is used as an intermediate and surface active agent in industry and in the manufacture of personal care products in the consumer market.
Vulvic acid is used in the preparation of cosmetics, soaps, alkyd resins and wetting agents.
Vulvic acid is also used to measure the molar mass of an unknown substance through freezing point depression.


Vulvic acid is also used as a food additive and an active component in a treatment for acne.
In addition to this, Vulvic acid is a substrate for acylation of certain proteins based on the murine studies.
Vulvic acid is used in the preparation of cosmetics, soaps, alkyd resins and wetting agents.


Vulvic acid is also used to measure the molar mass of an unknown substance through freezing point depression.
Vulvic acid is also used as a food additive and an active component in a treatment for acne.
In addition to this, Vulvic acid is a substrate for acylation of certain proteins based on the murine studies.


Vulvic acid is used in the preparation of cosmetics, soaps, alkyd resins and wetting agents.
Vulvic acid is also used to measure the molar mass of an unknown substance through freezing point depression.
Vulvic acid is also used as a food additive and an active component in a treatment for acne.


In addition to this, Vulvic acid is a substrate for acylation of certain proteins based on the murine studies.
Vulvic acid is generally used to produce cosmetic products but is also used in the laboratory to obtain the molar mass of substances.
Vulvic acid, although slightly irritating to mucous membranes, has a very low toxicity and so is used in many soaps and shampoos.


Sodium lauryl sulfate is the most common Vulvic acid derived compound used for this purpose.
Because Vulvic acid has a non-polar hydrocarbon tail and a polar carboxylic acid head, it can interact with polar solvents (the most important being water) as well as fats, allowing water to dissolve fats.


This accounts for the abilities of shampoos to remove grease from hair.
Another use is to raise metabolism, believed to derive from Vulvic acid's activation of 20% of thyroidal hormones, otherwise which lay dormant.
This is supposed from Vulvic acid's release of enzymes in the intestinal tract which activate the thyroid.


This could account the metabolism-raising properties of coconut oil.
Because Vulvic acid is inexpensive, has a long shelf-life, and is non-toxic and safe to handle, it is often used in laboratory investigations of melting-point depression.


Vulvic acid is a solid at room temperature but melts easily in boiling water, so liquid it can be treated with various solutes and used to determine their molecular masses.
Vulvic acid is widely used in cosmetics and food products.


In pharmaceutical applications Vulvic acid has also been examined for use as an enhancer for topical penetration and transdermal absorption, rectal absorption, buccal delivery, and intestinal absorption.
Vulvic acid is also useful for stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions.


Vulvic acid has also been evaluated for use in aerosol formulations.
Vulvic acid is used in the production of personal care products via the salt sodium laurate.
Vulvic acid is also studied in metabolic and foodomics research for its potential impact on cardiovascular disease.


Vulvic acid has been used as a reagent to synthesize MnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles by seed mediated growth method.
Vulvic acid can undergo esterification with 2-ethylhexanol in the presence of sulfated zirconia catalyst to form 2-ethylhexanoldodecanoate, a biodiesel.
Like many other fatty acids, Vulvic acid is inexpensive, has a long shelf-life, is nontoxic, and is safe to handle.


Vulvic acid is used mainly for the production of soaps and cosmetics.
For these purposes, Vulvic acid is reacted with sodium hydroxide to give sodium laurate, which is a soap.
Most commonly, sodium laurate is obtained by saponification of various oils, such as coconut oil.


These precursors give mixtures of sodium laurate and other soaps.
Vulvic acid is used for the preparation of alkyd resins, as well as wetting agents, detergents and pesticides
Vulvic acid is used for peeling vegetables and fruits with a maximum amount of 3.0g/kg.


Vulvic acid is used as defoamer; GB 2760-86 provides for the spices allowed to use; used for the preparation of other food grade additives.
Vulvic acid is widely used in the surfactant industry and can be, according to the classification of surfactants, divided into cationic, anionic, non-ionic and amphoteric type.


The surfactants types of Vulvic acid are listed in the attached table of this item.
Some surfactants of the derivatives of Vulvic acid and dodecanol are also antiseptics, such as dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (geramine), dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide (bromo-geramine) and dodecyl dimethyl (2-phenoxyethyl) ammonium bromide (domiphen bromide).


The dodecyldimethyllammonium-2,4,5-trichlorophenolate in these derivatives can be used as citrus preservative.
Vulvic acid also has many applications in plastic additives, food additives, spices and pharmaceutical industries.
Given its foaming properties, the derivatives of lauric acid (h-Vulvic acid) are widely used as a base in the manufacture of soaps, detergents, and lauryl alcohol.


Vulvic acid is a common constituent of vegetable fats, especially coconut oil and laurel oil.
Vulvic acid may have a synergistic effect in a formula to help fight against mircoorganisms.
Vulvic acid is a mild irritant but not a sensitizer, and some sources cite it as comedogenic.


Vulvic acid is a fatty acid obtained from coconut oil and other veg- etable fats.
Vulvic acid is practically insoluble in water but is soluble in alcohol, chloroform, and ether.


Vulvic acid functions as a lubricant, binder, and defoaming agent.
Vulvic acid is used intermediates of Liquid Crystals
Vulvic acid is also used as a food additive and an active component in a treatment for acne.


-Uses of Vulvic acid in Perfume:
Vulvic acid is used in Butter flavors and in certain Citrus flavor types, mainly in Lemon.
The concentration of Vulvic acid used may vasy from 2 to 40 ppm, calculated upon the finished consumer product.


-Pharmaceutical Applications of Vulvic acid:
pharmaceutical applications it has also been examined for use as an enhancer for topical penetration and transdermal absorption, rectal absorption, buccal delivery,(14) and intestinal absorption.
Vulvic acid is also useful for stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions.
Vulvic acid has also been evaluated for use in aerosol formulations.



SOLUBILITY OF VULVIC ACID:
Vulvic acid is soluble in water, benzene, acetone, alcohol, petroleum ether, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl formamide.
Vulvic acid is slightly soluble in chloroform.



NOTES OF VULVIC ACID:
Vulvic acid is incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents.



WHERE TO FIND VULVIC ACID:
Vulvic acid is a powerful substance that’s sometimes extracted from the coconut for use in developing monolaurin.
Monolaurin is an antimicrobial agent that’s able to fight pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and yeasts.



OCCURRENCE OF VULVIC ACID:
Vulvic acid, as a component of triglycerides, comprises about half of the fatty-acid content in coconut milk, coconut oil, laurel oil, and palm kernel oil (not to be confused with palm oil).

Otherwise, Vulvic acid is relatively uncommon.
Vulvic acid is also found in human breast milk (6.2% of total fat), cow's milk (2.9%), and goat's milk (3.1%).

In various plants:
*The palm tree Attalea speciosa, a species popularly known in Brazil as babassu – 50% in babassu oil
*Attalea cohune, the cohune palm (also rain tree, American oil palm, corozo palm or manaca palm) – 46.5% in cohune oil
*Astrocaryum murumuru (Arecaceae) a palm native to the Amazon – 47.5% in "murumuru butter"
*Coconut oil 49%
*Pycnanthus kombo (African nutmeg)
*Virola surinamensis (wild nutmeg) 7.8–11.5%
*Peach palm seed 10.4%
*Betel nut 9%
*Date palm seed 0.56–5.4%
*Macadamia nut 0.072–1.1%
*Plum 0.35–0.38%
*Watermelon seed 0.33%
*Viburnum opulus 0.24-0.33%
*Citrullus lanatus (egusi melon)
*Pumpkin flower 205 ppm, pumpkin seed 472 ppm
*Insect
*Black soldier fly Hermetia illucens 30–50 mg/100 mg fat.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF VULVIC ACID:
*Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF VULVIC ACID:
*Medium-chain fatty acid
*Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



COMPOUND TYPE OF VULVIC ACID:
*Animal Toxin
*Cosmetic Toxin
*Food Toxin
*Industrial/Workplace Toxin
*Metabolite
*Natural Compound
*Organic Compound
*Plasticizer



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF VULVIC ACID:
Vulvic acid is a colorless needle-like crystals.
Vulvic acid is soluble in methanol, slightly soluble in acetone and petroleum ether.



STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF VULVIC ACID:
Vulvic acid is stable at normal temperatures and should be stored in a cool, dry place.



SOURCE AND PREPARATION OF VULVIC ACID:
Vulvic acid is a fatty carboxylic acid isolated from vegetable and animal fats or oils.
For example, coconut oil and palm kernel oil both contain high proportions of Vulvic acid.
Isolation from natural fats and oils involves hydrolysis, separation of the fatty acids, hydrogenation to convert unsaturated fatty acids to saturated acids, and finally distillation of the specific fatty acid of interest.



OCCURRENCE OF VULVIC ACID:
Vulvic acid, as a component of triglycerides, comprises about half of the fatty acid content in coconut oil, laurel oil, and in palm kernel oil (not to be confused with palm oil).
Otherwise Vulvic acid is relatively uncommon.
Vulvic acid is also found in human breast milk ( 6.2 % of total fat), cow's milk (2.9%), and goat's milk (3.1 %).



SAFETY OF VULVIC ACID:
Vulvic acid is widely used in cosmetic preparations, in the manufacture of food-grade additives, and in pharmaceutical formulations.
General exposure to Vulvic acid occurs through the consumption of food and through dermal contact with cosmetics, soaps, and detergent products.

Occupational exposure may cause local irritation of eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract, although Vulvic acid is considered safe and nonirritating for use in cosmetics.
No toxicological effects were observed when Vulvic acid was administered to rats at 35% of the diet for 2 years.



MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES OF VULVIC ACID:
Medium-chain triglycerides, or fatty acids, such as Vulvic acid, are characterized by a specific chemical structure that allows your body to absorb them whole.

This makes them more easily digestible--your body processes them as it would carbohydrates, and they are used as a source of direct energy.
Compared to long-chain triglycerides, the type in other saturated fats, MCTs have fewer calories per serving, roughly 8.3 calories per gram rather than the standard 9 calories per gram, according to an article in "Nutrition Review."



NUTRITIONAL AND MEDICAL ASPECTS OF VULVIC ACID:
Although 95% of medium-chain triglycerides are absorbed through the portal vein, only 25–30% of Vulvic acid is absorbed through it.
Vulvic acid induces apoptosis in cancer and promotes the proliferation of normal cells by maintaining cellular redox homeostasis.
Vulvic acid increases total serum lipoproteins more than many other fatty acids, but mostly high-density lipoprotein (HDL).

As a result, Vulvic acid has been characterized as having "a more favorable effect on total HDL than any other fatty acid [examined], either saturated or unsaturated".
In general, a lower total/HDL serum lipoprotein ratio correlates with a decrease in atherosclerotic incidence.

Nonetheless, an extensive meta-analysis on foods affecting the total LDL/serum lipoprotein ratio found in 2003 that the net effects of Vulvic acid on coronary artery disease outcomes remained uncertain.
A 2016 review of coconut oil (which is nearly half Vulvic acid) was similarly inconclusive about the effects on cardiovascular disease incidence.



INCLUDING VULVIC ACID IN YOUR DIET:
Vulvic acid can be taken as a supplement, but it is most commonly consumed as part of coconut oil or palm kernel oil.
Vulvic acid is considered to be safe based on the amounts generally found in food.

According to NYU Langone Medical Center, coconut and palm kernel oil contain up to 15 percent MCTs, along with a number of other fats.
However, because they are still pure oil, limit your intake of MCTs to stay within the recommended 5 to 7 teaspoons of oil per day as set out by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

You can use coconut and palm kernel oil for stir-fries because both oils withstand high heat.
They can also be used in baking, adding a natural richness to your food.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF VULVIC ACID:
Vulvic acid occurs as a white crystalline powder with a slight odor of bay oil or a fatty odor.
Vulvic acid is a common constituent of most diets; large doses may produce gastrointestinal upset.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF VULVIC ACID:
Like many other fatty acids, Vulvic acid is inexpensive, has a long shelf-life, and is non-toxic and safe to handle.
Vulvic acid is mainly used for the production of soaps and cosmetics.

For these purposes, Vulvic acid is neutralized with sodium hydroxide to give sodium laurate, which is a soap.
Most commonly, sodium laurate is obtained by saponification of various oils, such as coconut oil.
These precursors give mixtures of sodium laurate and other soaps.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF VULVIC ACID:
1. Industrial production methods can be grouped into two categories:
* derived from the saponification or high temperature and pressure decomposition of natural vegetable oils and fats;
* separated from the synthetic fatty acid.

Japan mainly uses coconut oil and palm kernel oil as the raw materials for the preparation of Vulvic acid.
The natural vegetable oils used to produce Vulvic acid include coconut oil, litsea cubeba kernel oil, palm kernel oil and mountain pepper seed oil.

Other plants oil, such as palm kernel oil, tea tree seed oil and camphor tree seed oil, can also service industry to produce Vulvic acid.
The residual C12 distillate from the extraction of Vulvic acid, containing a large number of dodecenoic acid, can be hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure, without catalyst, to convert into Vulvic acid with a yield of more than 86%.

2. Derived from the separation and purification of coconut oil and other vegetable oil.

3. Vulvic acid naturally exists in coconut oil, litsea cubeba kernel oil, palm kernel oil and pepper kernel oil in the form of glyceride.
Vulvic acid can be derived from the hydrolysis of natural oils and fats in industry.
The coconut oil, water and catalyst are added into the autoclave and hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acid at 250 ℃ under the pressure of 5MPa.
The content of Vulvic acid is 45%~80%, and can be further distilled to obtain Vulvic acid.



AIR AND WATER REACTIONS OF VULVIC ACID:
Vulvic acid is insoluble in water.



AROMA THRESHOLD VALUES OF VULVIC ACID:
Aroma threshold values
Aroma characteristics at 1.0%: fatty, creamy, cheeselike, candle waxy with egglike richness



TASTE THRESHOLD VALUES OF VULVIC ACID:
Taste characteristics at 5 ppm: waxy,fatty and oily, tallowlike, creamy and dairylike with a coating mouthfeel



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF VULVIC ACID:
Vulvic acid is a carboxylic acid.
Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them.
They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic.

Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat.
Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt.
Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.

Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry.
Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in Vulvic acid to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.

Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids.
Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF VULVIC ACID:
Vulvic acid is a fatty carboxylic acid isolated from vegetable and animal fats or oils.
For example, coconut oil and palm kernel oil both contain high proportions of Vulvic acid.
Isolation from natural fats and oils involves hydrolysis, separation of the fatty acids, hydrogenation to convert unsaturated fatty acids to saturated acids, and finally distillation of the specific fatty acid of interest.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of VULVIC ACID:
Chemical formula: C10H18O4
Molar mass: 202.250 g•mol−1
Density: 1.209 g/cm3
Melting point: 131 to 134.5 °C (267.8 to 274.1 °F; 404.1 to 407.6 K)
Boiling point: 294.4 °C (561.9 °F; 567.5 K) at 100 mmHg
Solubility in water: 0.25 g/L
Acidity (pKa): 4.720, 5.450
Molecular Weight: 202.25
XLogP3: 2.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4

Rotatable Bond Count: 9
Exact Mass: 202.12050905
Monoisotopic Mass: 202.12050905
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 157
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 133 - 137 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 294,5 °C at 133 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available

Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,224 g/l at 20 °C - OECD Test Guideline 105
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: log Pow: 1,5 at 23 °C
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa at 183 °C
Density: 1,210 g/cm3 at 20 °C

Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Water Solubility: 0.91 g/L
logP: 1.93
logP: 2.27
logS: -2.4
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 4.72

Physiological Charge: -2
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 4
Hydrogen Donor Count: 2
Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 9
Refractivity: 51.14 m³•mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 22.61 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No

Melting point: 133-137 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 294.5 °C/100 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.21
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 183 °C)
refractive index: 1.422
Flash point: 220 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: ethanol: 100 mg/mL
form: Powder or Granules
pka: 4.59, 5.59(at 25℃)
color: White to off-white
Water Solubility: 1 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,8415

BRN: 1210591
Stability: Stable.
LogP: 1.5 at 23℃
Appearance: white granular powder (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 130.80 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 364.00 to 365.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 235.00 to 234.00 °C. @ 10.00 mm Hg
Flash Point: 389.00 °F. TCC ( 198.30 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 1.706 (est)
Soluble in: water, 1000 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)
water, 1420 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Chemical formula: C12H24O2
Molar mass: 200.322 g•mol−1
Appearance: White powder
Odor: Slight odor of bay oil
Density: 1.007 g/cm³ (24 °C),
0.8744 g/cm³ (41.5 °C),
0.8679 g/cm³ (50 °C)
Melting point: 43.8 °C (110.8 °F; 316.9 K)
Boiling point: 297.9 °C (568.2 °F; 571.0 K),
282.5 °C (540.5 °F; 555.6 K) at 512 mmHg,
225.1 °C (437.2 °F; 498.2 K) at 100 mmHg
Solubility in water: 37 mg/L (0 °C), 55 mg/L (20 °C),
63 mg/L (30 °C), 72 mg/L (45 °C), 83 mg/L (100 °C)

Solubility: Soluble in alcohols, diethyl ether,
phenyls, haloalkanes, acetates
Solubility in methanol: 12.7 g/100 g (0 °C),
120 g/100 g (20 °C), 2250 g/100 g (40 °C)
Solubility in acetone: 8.95 g/100 g (0 °C),
60.5 g/100 g (20 °C), 1590 g/100 g (40 °C)
Solubility in ethyl acetate: 9.4 g/100 g (0 °C),
52 g/100 g (20°C), 1250 g/100 g (40°C)
Solubility in toluene: 15.3 g/100 g (0 °C),
97 g/100 g (20°C), 1410 g/100 g (40°C)
log P: 4.6

Vapor pressure: 2.13•10−6 kPa (25 °C),
0.42 kPa (150 °C),
6.67 kPa (210 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 5.3 (20 °C)
Thermal conductivity: 0.442 W/m•K (solid),
0.1921 W/m•K (72.5 °C),
0.1748 W/m•K (106 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.423 (70 °C),
1.4183 (82 °C)
Viscosity: 6.88 cP (50 °C), 5.37 cP (60 °C)
Structure:
Crystal structure: Monoclinic (α-form),
Triclinic, aP228 (γ-form)

Space group: P21/a, No. 14 (α-form), P1, No. 2 (γ-form)
Point group: 2/m (α-form)[8], 1 (γ-form)[9]
Lattice constant: a = 9.524 Å, b = 4.965 Å,
c = 35.39 Å (α-form),
α = 90°, β = 129.22°, γ = 90°
Thermochemistry:
Heat capacity (C): 404.28 J/mol•K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −775.6 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): 7377 kJ/mol,
7425.8 kJ/mol (292 K)
Molecular Weight: 200.32 g/mol
XLogP3: 4.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 10
Exact Mass: 200.177630004 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 200.177630004 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 132
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
IUPAC Name: dodecanoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name: lauric acid
Formula: C12H24O2
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12(13)14/h2-11H2,1H3,(H,13,14)
InChI Key: POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular weight: 200.3178
Exact mass: 200.177630012
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O

Chemical Formula: C12H24O2
Average Molecular Weight: 200.3178
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 200.177630012
IUPAC Name: dodecanoic acid
Traditional Name: lauric acid
CAS Registry Number: 143-07-7
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C12H24O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12(13)14/h2-11H2,1H3,(H,13,14)
InChI Key: POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Synonyms: n-Dodecanoic acid
IUPAC Name: Dodecanoic acid
Canonical SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O
InChI: POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI Key: InChI=1S/C12H24O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12(13)14/h2-11H2,1H3,(H,13,14)
Boiling Point: 225 °C 100mmHg(lit.)
Melting Point: 44-46 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: 156ºC
Density: 0.883g/ml
Appearance: Clear liquid
Storage: Room temperature
CNo.Chain: C12:0
Compound Derivative: Acid
EC Number: 205-582-1
Fatty Acid: Dodecanoic (Lauric)
Hazard Codes: Xi

Hazard Statements: Xi
HS Code: 2916399090
LogP: 3.99190
MDL Number: MFCD00002736
Physical State: Solid
PSA: 37.3
Refractive Index: 1.4304
Safety Description: 37/39-26-39-36
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents.
Storage Conditions: Store in a tightly closed container.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

Supplemental Hazard Statements: H401-H318-H319
Symbol: GHS05, GHS07
Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 121 °C)
Formula: C12H24O2
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12(13)14/h2-11H2,1H3,(H,13,14)
InChIKey: POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 200.322 g/mol
SMILES: OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)=O
SPLASH: splash10-0706-9000000000-b974e08e305014657f85
Source of Spectrum: HE-1982-0-0
CB Number: CB0357278
Molecular Formula: C12H24O2
Lewis structure
Molecular Weight: 200.32

MDL Number: MFCD00002736
MOL File: 143-07-7.mol
Melting point: 44-46 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 225 °C/100 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.883 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg (121 °C)
Refractive index: 1.4304
FEMA: 2614 | LAURIC ACID
Flash point: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: 4.81 mg/L
Form: Crystalline Powder of Flakes
pKa: 4.92 (H2O, t =25.0) (Uncertain)
Specific Gravity: 0.883
Color: White

Odor: at 100.00 % mild fatty coconut bay oil
Odor Type: fatty
Explosive limit: 0.6% (V)
Water Solubility: insoluble
λmax: 207 nm (MeOH) (lit.)
JECFA Number: 111
Merck: 14,5384
BRN: 1099477
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents.
InChIKey: POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 5

Dissociation constant: 5.3 at 20°C
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): LAURIC ACID
CAS DataBase Reference: 143-07-7 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 1160N9NU9U
NIST Chemistry Reference: Dodecanoic acid (143-07-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Lauric acid (143-07-7)
Molecular Weight: 200.32
Exact Mass: 200.32
BRN: 1099477
EC Number: 205-582-1
HS Code: 29159010

Characteristics
PSA: 37.3
XLogP3: 4.2
Appearance: White Crystalline Powder of Flakes
Density: 0.883 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C
Melting Point: 44.2 °C
Boiling Point: 298.9 °C
Flash Point: >230 °F
Refractive Index: 1.4304
Water Solubility: H2O: insoluble
Storage Conditions: Store below +30°C
Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg (121 °C)
Toxicity: LD50 i.v. in mice: 131 ±5.7 mg/kg (Or, Wretlind)
Explosive limit: 0.6% (V)
Odor: Characteristic, like oil of bay
pKa: 5.3 (at 20 °C)



FIRST AID MEASURES of VULVIC ACID:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of VULVIC ACID:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of VULVIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of VULVIC ACID:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of VULVIC ACID:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of VULVIC ACID:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Walocel CRT 10000 g is a cellulose ether renowned for its superior thickening capabilities in high-quality silicate emulsion paints.
Walocel CRT 10000 g contributes to the optimal viscosity of paint formulations, ensuring smooth and consistent application.
Characterized by its low surface activity, Walocel CRT 10000 g effectively enhances the stability of silicate emulsion paints.
Walocel CRT 10000 g's no-foaming attribute makes it particularly advantageous, preserving the integrity of paint formulations during application.

CAS Number: 9004-32-4
EC Number: 618-378-6

Carboxy-Methyl Cellulose, E466 (when used as a food additive),9004-32-4, SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE, sodium;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;acetate, Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (USP), Carboxymethylcellulose cellulose carboxymethyl ether, Celluvisc (TN)



APPLICATIONS


Walocel CRT 10000 g finds widespread application as a premium thickener in the formulation of high-quality silicate emulsion paints.
Its primary role lies in enhancing the viscosity of paint formulations, ensuring optimal consistency for smooth application.

Walocel CRT 10000 g is specifically designed for use in paints that utilize silicate emulsion technology.
Walocel CRT 10000 g's low surface activity makes it particularly suitable for maintaining stability in silicate emulsion paint compositions.

Its no-foaming characteristic is a crucial attribute in paint applications, preserving the integrity of the formulation during mixing and application.
Walocel CRT 10000 g contributes to the stability and longevity of silicate emulsion paints, reducing the risk of settling or separation.
The cellulose ether's high water retention capacity plays a vital role in controlling the rheology of paint formulations.

Lap-free application by brush or roller is achieved, leading to a uniform finish on painted surfaces.
Walocel CRT 10000 g serves as a versatile additive, meeting various performance requirements in the production of high-quality paints.

Walocel CRT 10000 g dissolves readily in water at any temperature, facilitating efficient and convenient paint formulation.
Compatibility with warm water expedites the dissolving process, offering flexibility in manufacturing processes.
Walocel CRT 10000 g's compatibility with granules ensures uniform distribution within the paint, contributing to overall homogeneity.

Its stability under different environmental conditions makes it suitable for a wide range of painting applications.
Walocel CRT 10000 g's efficient thickening properties allow for precise control over the texture and application characteristics of the paint.
With recommended usage levels ranging from 0.2% to 0.6%, it is effective at relatively low concentrations in paint formulations.

During the stirring-in phase, care must be taken to prevent an undesired increase in viscosity and the formation of lumps.
Its incorporation into paint formulations enhances workability, facilitating both professional and DIY applications.

Walocel CRT 10000 g is crucial in preventing lap marks, contributing to the visual appeal of painted surfaces.
Manufacturers prefer this cellulose ether grade for its reliability and consistency in meeting the high standards of paint production.
Its quick dissolving time and effective wetting of granules expedite the paint mixing process, improving manufacturing efficiency.

Walocel CRT 10000 g's no-foaming characteristic simplifies the paint application process, reducing the need for adjustments.
Walocel CRT 10000 g is valued for its contribution to the overall aesthetic quality and durability of painted surfaces.
Walocel CRT 10000 g plays a pivotal role in the production of high-quality paints that meet the demanding standards of the industry.

Walocel CRT 10000 g's versatility extends to both indoor and outdoor paint applications, ensuring a wide range of uses.
Whether used by professionals or homeowners, Walocel CRT 10000 g remains a trusted choice in achieving superior paint performance and application outcomes.

Walocel CRT 10000 g serves as an essential component in the production of architectural paints, contributing to their overall performance and quality.
Its role in silicate emulsion paints extends to exterior coatings, providing durability and weather resistance.
Walocel CRT 10000 g's ability to control viscosity ensures that the paint can be easily applied with a brush, roller, or spray gun.

In industrial settings, Walocel CRT 10000 g is utilized in the formulation of coatings for machinery and equipment, offering protection and a smooth finish.
Walocel CRT 10000 g plays a key role in the manufacturing of high-end decorative paints, contributing to the appeal of interior spaces.

Walocel CRT 10000 g is often employed in the formulation of specialty coatings for surfaces that require specific performance characteristics.
Walocel CRT 10000 g finds application in the creation of textured paints, where its thickening properties contribute to the desired consistency for creating unique patterns.
Walocel CRT 10000 g is a preferred choice in the production of environmentally friendly paints due to its non-toxic nature.
Walocel CRT 10000 g is integral to the formulation of high-performance primers, ensuring proper adhesion and coverage.
Its compatibility with various pigments and additives allows for the creation of a diverse range of paint colors and finishes.

Walocel CRT 10000 g contributes to the prevention of sagging or dripping in vertical applications, ensuring a uniform coating on walls and surfaces.
In the automotive industry, Walocel CRT 10000 g is utilized in the formulation of coatings for vehicles, providing both aesthetic appeal and protective properties.
Walocel CRT 10000 g aids in the production of paints used for artistic purposes, offering artists a reliable medium for their creations.

Walocel CRT 10000 g is a crucial ingredient in the development of fire-retardant paints, enhancing safety in building applications.
Walocel CRT 10000 g's application in the formulation of wood coatings ensures a smooth and protective finish for various wooden surfaces.

Walocel CRT 10000 g's resistance to yellowing makes it suitable for light-colored paints, maintaining the brightness and clarity of the finish.
In the marine industry, the product is used in the formulation of coatings for boats and ships, providing resistance to water and environmental conditions.

Walocel CRT 10000 g contributes to the creation of specialty coatings with antimicrobial properties, suitable for environments requiring hygiene.
Walocel CRT 10000 g is an essential component in the formulation of low-VOC (volatile organic compound) paints, aligning with environmentally conscious practices.
The cellulose ether's ability to prevent settling ensures that pigments and additives remain uniformly distributed throughout the paint.
Walocel CRT 10000 g is employed in the creation of masonry paints, offering protection and enhancing the appearance of brick and concrete surfaces.

Walocel CRT 10000 g is utilized in the production of high-gloss paints, contributing to the reflective and aesthetically pleasing quality of the finish.
Walocel CRT 10000 g is integral to the development of specialty coatings for metal surfaces, providing corrosion resistance and durability.

Walocel CRT 10000 g is used in the formulation of coatings for ceilings, contributing to the overall visual appeal of interior spaces.
Its versatility extends to the production of floor coatings, ensuring a durable and wear-resistant finish in both residential and commercial settings.



DESCRIPTION


Walocel CRT 10000 g is a cellulose ether renowned for its superior thickening capabilities in high-quality silicate emulsion paints.
Walocel CRT 10000 g contributes to the optimal viscosity of paint formulations, ensuring smooth and consistent application.

Characterized by its low surface activity, Walocel CRT 10000 g effectively enhances the stability of silicate emulsion paints.
Walocel CRT 10000 g's no-foaming attribute makes it particularly advantageous, preserving the integrity of paint formulations during application.

Possessing high water retention capacity, it aids in maintaining the desired consistency of the paint over time.
Its versatility is highlighted by a broad property profile, catering to various performance requirements in paint applications.

Walocel CRT 10000 g dissolves readily in water at any temperature, offering convenience in the preparation of paint mixtures.
Walocel CRT 10000 g's compatibility with warm water expedites the dissolving process, facilitating efficient paint formulation.

Lap-free application by brush or roller is a distinctive feature, ensuring a seamless and even finish on painted surfaces.
Walocel CRT 10000 g demonstrates excellent wetting of granules, promoting uniform distribution within paint compositions.

Designed for high-quality silicate emulsion paints, it aligns with the stringent requirements of such paint formulations.
Walocel CRT 10000 g grade is free from undesirable surface effects, contributing to the overall aesthetic appeal of painted surfaces.
Its stability under varying temperatures makes it a reliable choice for paint formulations exposed to different environmental conditions.

Walocel CRT 10000 g's efficient thickening capabilities allow for precise control over the paint's texture and application characteristics.
With no compromise on water retention, Walocel CRT 10000 g ensures the longevity and durability of painted surfaces.

The quick dissolving time, especially with warm water, adds an element of efficiency to the paint mixing process.
During the stirring-in phase, care must be taken to prevent an undesired increase in viscosity and the formation of lumps.

Walocel CRT 10000 g's recommended usage level, ranging from 0.2% to 0.6%, attests to its effectiveness at relatively low concentrations.
Its incorporation into paint formulations requires vigorous stirring to achieve the desired homogeneity.
The cellulose ether grade plays a crucial role in preventing lap marks, enhancing the overall appearance of painted surfaces.

A preferred choice for manufacturers, Walocel CRT 10000 g meets the demanding standards of high-quality paint production.
Walocel CRT 10000 g contributes to the overall workability of silicate emulsion paints, facilitating both professional and DIY applications.

During storage, Walocel CRT 10000 g maintains its properties, ensuring consistency and reliability in subsequent paint batches.
Walocel CRT 10000 g's no-foaming characteristic simplifies the application process, reducing the need for additional adjustments.
Walocel CRT 10000 g stands as a testament to innovation in cellulose ether technology, delivering enhanced performance in silicate emulsion paints.



PROPERTIES


Appearance: White to slightly yellowish powder
Solubility: Water soluble; delayed solubility in pH-neutral cold water
Viscosity, mPa•s: 10,000-15,000
pH (2% solution): Neutral
Volatiles, water, %, max: 10



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air.
If respiratory irritation or difficulty breathing occurs, seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, wash affected areas with plenty of water.
Remove contaminated clothing.
If irritation persists, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

In case of contact with the eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention, and bring the product's container or label for reference.


Ingestion:

If swallowed, rinse mouth and drink plenty of water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Seek medical attention.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves and safety glasses, to minimize contact with the product.

Ventilation:
Use the product in a well-ventilated area to prevent the accumulation of vapors or dust.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid skin and eye contact; in case of contact, follow recommended first aid measures.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling the product and before eating, drinking, or using the restroom.

Avoiding Inhalation:
If the product generates dust or vapors, use local exhaust ventilation or respiratory protection to prevent inhalation.


Storage:

Location:
Store Walocel CRT 10000 g in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.

Temperature:
Keep the product within the specified temperature range as indicated by the manufacturer.

Containers:
Store in original containers or containers made of compatible materials as recommended by the manufacturer.

Seal Containers:
Keep containers tightly sealed when not in use to prevent contamination or moisture absorption.

Separation:
Store away from incompatible materials, such as strong acids, alkalis, or oxidizing agents.

Handling Precautions:
Follow recommended handling procedures to avoid spills or leaks during storage.

Protection from Physical Damage:
Protect containers from physical damage that could compromise their integrity.

WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is a thickener based on cellulose ether, particularly suitable for high-quality silicate emulsion paints.
Characterized by WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER 's broad property profile, low surface activity, no foaming, high water retention capacity, allows lap-free application by brush or roller.
Dissolves readily in water at any temperature.

CAS: 9004-32-4
MF: C6H7O2(OH)2CH2COONa
EINECS: 618-378-6

Synonyms
Aquacide I, Calbiochem;Aquacide II, Calbiochem;Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose sodium;Cellex;Cellulose carboxymethyl ether, sodium;cellulose gum;SODIUM CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE (CMC);SCMC(SODIUM CARBOXY METHYL CELULLOSE

The dissolving time can be reduced by using warm water.
Should be added to the paint formulation by stirring vigorously.
Must be carried out relatively quickly to prevent an increase in viscosity and the formation of lumps during the stirring-in phase.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER ensure adequate wetting of the granules.
Recommended usage level is 0.2 to 0.6%.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is a water-soluble polymer.
As a solution in water, WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER has thixotropic properties.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is useful in helping to hold the components of pyrotechnic compositions in aqucous suspension (e.g., in the making of black match).

WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is also an especially effective binder that can be used in small amounts in compositions, where the binder can intcrfere with the intended effect (e.g., in strobe compositions).
However, WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER 's sodium content obviously precludes its use in most color compositions.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is manufactured from cellulose by various proccsses that replacc some of the hy drogen atoms in the hydroxyl[OH] groups of the cellulose molecule with acidic carboxymethyl [-CH2CO.OH] groups，which are neutralized to form the corresponding sodium salt.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is white when pure; industrial grade material may be grayish-white or cream granules or powder.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is tackifier, at room temperature, it is non-toxic tasteless white flocculent powder, it is stable and soluble in water, aqueous solution is neutral or alkaline transparent viscous liquid, it is soluble in other water-soluble gums and resins, it is insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol.

WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is the substituted product of cellulosic carboxymethyl group.
According to their molecular weight or degree of substitution, WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER can be completely dissolved or insoluble polymer, the latter can be used as the weak acid cation of exchanger to separate neutral or basic proteins.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER can form highly viscous colloidal solution with adhesive, thickening, flowing, emulsifying, shaping, water, protective colloid, film forming, acid, salt, suspensions and other characteristics, and it is physiologically harmless, so it is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, oil, paper, textiles, construction and other areas of production.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is incompatible with strongly acidic solutions and with the soluble salts of iron and some other metals, such as aluminum, mercury, and zinc.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is also incompatible with xanthan gum.

Precipitation may occur at pH < 2, and also when WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is mixed with ethanol (95%).
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER forms complex coacervates with gelatin and pectin.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER also forms a complex with collagen and is capable of precipitating certain positively charged proteins.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is used in food as a viscosity modifier, thickener, to stabilise emulsions and are found in gluten-free and reduced-fat products.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is also a constituent of toothpaste, laxatives, diet pills, water-based paints, detergents, textile sizing, and various paper products.
In laundry detergents, WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is used as a soil suspension polymer.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is also used in pharmaceuticals as a thickening agent and in the oil-drilling industry as a viscosity modifier and water-retaining agent.

WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER Chemical Properties
Melting point: 274 °C (dec.)
Density: 1,6 g/cm3
FEMA: 2239 | CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE
Storage temp.: room temp
Solubility H2O: 20 mg/mL, soluble
Form: low viscosity
Pka: 4.30(at 25℃)
Color: White to light yellow
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 6.5 - 8.5
PH: pH (10g/l, 25℃) 6.0～8.0
Water Solubility: soluble
Merck: 14,1829
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
EPA Substance Registry System: WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER (9004-32-4)

Uses
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is a thickener, binder, and emulsifier equivalent to cellulose fiber.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is resistant to bacterial decomposition and provides a product with uniform viscosity.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER can prevent skin moisture loss by forming a film on the skin’s surface, and also help mask odor in a cosmetic product.
Constituents are any of several fibrous substances consisting of the chief part of a plant’s cell walls (often extracted from wood pulp or cotton).
In drilling muds, in detergents as a soil-suspending agent, in resin emulsion paints, adhesives, printing inks, textile sizes, as protective colloid in general.
As stabilizer in foods.
Pharmaceutic aid (suspending agent; tablet excipient; viscosity-increasing agent).
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is used in drilling muds, in detergents as a soil-suspending agent, in resin emulsion paints, adhesives, printing inks, textile sizes and protective colloid.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER acts as a stabilizer in foods.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is also employed in pharmaceuticals as a suspending agent and excipients for tablets.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is used as viscosity modifiers to stabilize the emulsions.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is used as a lubricant in artificial tears and it is used to characterize enzyme activity from endoglucanases.

Pharmaceutical Applications
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose, an anionic derivative.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is widely used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations, primarily for its viscosity-increasing properties.
Viscous aqueous solutions are used to suspend powders intended for either topical application or oral and parenteral administration.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER may also be used as a tablet binder and disintegrant, and to stabilize emulsions.
Higher concentrations, usually 3–6%, of the medium-viscosity grade are used to produce gels that can be used as the base for applications and pastes; glycols are often included in such gels to prevent them drying out.

WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is also used in self-adhesive ostomy, wound care, and dermatological patches as a muco-adhesive and to absorb wound exudate or transepidermal water and sweat.
This muco-adhesive property is used in products designed to prevent post-surgical tissue adhesions; and to localize and modify the release kinetics of active ingredients applied to mucous membranes; and for bone repair.
Encapsulation with WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER can affect drug protection and delivery.
There have also been reports of its use as a cyto-protective agent.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is also used in cosmetics, toiletries, surgical prosthetics, and incontinence, personal hygiene, and food products.

Specific culinary uses
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER powder is widely used in the ice cream industry, to make ice creams without churning or extremely low temperatures, thereby eliminating the need for conventional churners or salt ice mixes.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is used in baking breads and cakes.
The use of CMC gives the loaf an improved quality at a reduced cost, by reducing the need of fat.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is also used as an emulsifier in biscuits.
By dispersing fat uniformly in the dough, WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER improves the release of the dough from the moulds and cutters, achieving well-shaped biscuits without any distorted edges.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER can also help to reduce the amount of egg yolk or fat used in making the biscuits.
Use of WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER in candy preparation ensures smooth dispersion in flavor oils, and improves texture and quality.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is used in chewing gums, margarines and peanut butter as an emulsifier.

Other uses
In laundry detergents, WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is used as a soil suspension polymer designed to deposit onto cotton and other cellulosic fabrics, creating a negatively charged barrier to soils in the wash solution.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is also used as a thickening agent, for example, in the oil-drilling industry as an ingredient of drilling mud, where it acts as a viscosity modifier and water retention agent.

WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is sometimes used as an electrode binder in advanced battery applications (i.e. lithium ion batteries), especially with graphite anodes.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER 's water solubility allows for less toxic and costly processing than with non-water-soluble binders, like the traditional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), which requires toxic n-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) for processing.
WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is often used in conjunction with styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) for electrodes requiring extra flexibility, e.g. for use with silicon-containing anodes.

WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is also used in ice packs to form a eutectic mixture resulting in a lower freezing point, and therefore more cooling capacity than ice.
Aqueous solutions of WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER have also been used to disperse carbon nanotubes, where the long CMC molecules are thought to wrap around the nanotubes, allowing them to be dispersed in water.
In conservation-restoration, WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER is used as an adhesive or fixative.

Production Methods
Alkali cellulose is prepared by steeping cellulose obtained from wood pulp or cotton fibers in sodium hydroxide solution.
The alkaline cellulose is then reacted with sodium monochloroacetate to produce WALOCEL CRT 10000 G CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER CELLULOSE ETHER .
Sodium chloride and sodium glycolate are obtained as by-products of this etherification.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV is a type of cellulose ether, specifically a hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) derivative.
Cellulose ethers are a group of water-soluble polymers derived from cellulose, a natural polymer found in plants.

CAS Number: 9004-32-4
EC Number: 618-378-6

Synonyms: Hydroxyethyl cellulose, HEC, Natrosol, Natrosol HEC, Natrosol Plus, Cellosize, Tylose, Bermocoll, Methocel, Culminal, ShinEtsu HEC, Dow HEC, Hercules HEC, Walocel, Aquacoat, Culminal, Nisso HEC, Methocel, Tylopur, and Cellulosic Hydroxyethyl Ether, Polyvinyl alcohol, PVA, PVOH, Vinol, Elvanol, Mowiol, Gelvatol, Airvol, Kuraray Poval, Vinylon, Celvol, Gohsenol, and Polyviol



APPLICATIONS


Walocel CRT 20000 PV may be used as a thickener and stabilizer in water-based paints and coatings, improving viscosity control and brushability.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV could serve as a binder in ceramic tile adhesives, enhancing adhesion to substrates and reducing sagging during application.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV might be incorporated into cementitious tile grouts to improve workability and water retention, ensuring proper curing and adhesion.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be utilized as a rheology modifier in wallpaper pastes, providing good adhesion and spreadability.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV may find application in the formulation of construction chemical additives such as waterproofing compounds and self-leveling compounds, improving flow and workability.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV could serve as a thickening agent in joint compounds and textured coatings, imparting smooth application and uniform texture.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV might be used in the production of water-based adhesives for paperboard lamination and packaging applications, providing good tack and bond strength.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be incorporated into personal care products such as shampoo and shower gels as a thickener and stabilizer, enhancing viscosity and foam stability.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV may find application in toothpaste formulations as a binding and thickening agent, improving texture and mouthfeel.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be used in the formulation of topical pharmaceutical gels and creams, providing controlled release of active ingredients and smooth application.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV might find application in the food industry as a thickening agent in sauces, dressings, and desserts, improving texture and mouthfeel.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be used in the production of water-based ink formulations for printing applications, providing good flow and printability.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV may find application in the formulation of textile printing pastes as a thickener and binder, improving color yield and washfastness.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be incorporated into drilling mud formulations in the oil and gas industry to improve viscosity and suspension properties.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV might be used in the production of latex-based architectural coatings, providing good brushability and leveling properties.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV could serve as a binder and thickener in detergent formulations, improving stability and dispersion of active ingredients.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV may find application in the formulation of polymer dispersions and emulsions for adhesives and coatings, providing good film-forming properties.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be used as a binder in ceramic body formulations for tile and pottery production, improving green strength and extrudability.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV might find application in the formulation of fire-retardant coatings for building materials, providing good adhesion and flame resistance.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be incorporated into seed coatings to improve adhesion and protectants, enhancing germination and crop yield.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV may find application in the formulation of battery electrolytes as a thickening agent, providing good conductivity and stability.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be used as a film-forming agent in the production of water-soluble packaging materials and biodegradable films.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV might find application in the formulation of heat-sealable coatings for flexible packaging materials, providing good adhesion and seal strength.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be incorporated into hair care products such as styling gels and mousses as a thickener and film-former, enhancing hold and shine.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV may find application in the formulation of agricultural formulations such as seed coatings and foliar sprays, providing good adhesion and spreadability.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV may find application in the formulation of adhesives for paper and packaging, providing good tack and adhesion to various substrates.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be used as a thickening agent in latex-based caulks and sealants, improving viscosity and extrudability.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV might be incorporated into textile printing pastes as a thickener and binder, enhancing color yield and print definition.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV could serve as a suspending agent in suspension fertilizers, preventing settling and ensuring uniform distribution of nutrients.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV may find application in the formulation of antifoaming agents for industrial processes, preventing foam formation and improving efficiency.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be used as a binder in ceramic glazes and engobes, improving adhesion and surface finish.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV might find application in the formulation of lubricants and greases as a thickening agent, providing good film-forming properties and lubricity.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV could serve as a stabilizer in emulsion polymerization reactions, improving particle size distribution and stability.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV may find application in the production of water-based drilling fluids for the oil and gas industry, providing good rheological properties and suspension.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be used in the formulation of water-based wood stains and finishes, providing good flow and leveling properties.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV might find application in the production of casting slurries for ceramic and metal casting, improving moldability and surface finish.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be incorporated into printing inks as a thickener and binder, enhancing print definition and color saturation.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV may find application in the formulation of battery separators for lithium-ion batteries, providing good electrolyte retention and ion conductivity.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be used as a binder in the production of fiberglass and composite materials, improving adhesion and mechanical properties.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV might find application in the production of detergents and cleaning products as a thickening and stabilizing agent.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV could serve as a binder in the production of abrasive products such as grinding wheels and sandpaper, improving bond strength and durability.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV may find application in the formulation of inkjet printing fluids as a viscosity modifier and stabilizer, improving print quality and reliability.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be used in the production of dietary supplements and pharmaceutical tablets as a binder and disintegrant, ensuring proper dissolution and bioavailability.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV might find application in the formulation of film coatings for oral solid dosage forms, providing moisture protection and taste masking.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be incorporated into hydraulic fracturing fluids for oil and gas extraction, providing good suspension and fluid loss control.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV may find application in the production of gel candles and wax melts as a thickening agent, improving fragrance dispersion and burn time.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV could serve as a binder in the production of ceramic membranes for water filtration, improving pore structure and permeability.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV might be used in the formulation of corrosion inhibitors and rust preventatives for metal surfaces, providing good adhesion and barrier protection.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV could be incorporated into personal lubricants and intimate gels as a thickener and moisturizer, enhancing lubricity and comfort.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV may find application in the production of biodegradable packaging materials and disposable products, providing good strength and water resistance.



DESCRIPTION


Walocel CRT 20000 PV is a type of cellulose ether, specifically a hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) derivative.
Cellulose ethers are a group of water-soluble polymers derived from cellulose, a natural polymer found in plants.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV is often used as a thickener, stabilizer, and film-forming agent in various industries such as construction, pharmaceuticals, personal care, and food.
Its properties make it suitable for applications such as improving the viscosity and rheology of liquid products, enhancing the texture and stability of emulsions, and controlling the release of active ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV is a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, a natural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV is commonly used as a thickener, binder, and film-former in various industrial and consumer products.

Its chemical structure consists of cellulose chains with hydroxyethyl groups attached to the cellulose backbone.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV is typically sold as a white to off-white powder or granules with varying viscosities.

When dispersed in water, HEC forms clear, viscous solutions with excellent stability over a wide pH range.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV is known for its pseudoplastic or shear-thinning behavior, meaning its viscosity decreases under shear stress.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV exhibits high compatibility with other polymers and additives, making it versatile in formulations.
The viscosity of Walocel CRT 20000 PV solutions can be adjusted by varying the polymer concentration and shear rate.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV is used in applications such as paints, adhesives, cosmetics, personal care products, and pharmaceuticals.

In paint formulations, Walocel CRT 20000 PV acts as a rheology modifier, improving sag resistance, spatter resistance, and open time.
In adhesives, HEC provides thickening and binding properties, enhancing adhesive strength and tack.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV is widely used in cosmetics and personal care products as a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV imparts smooth texture, uniformity, and enhanced film-forming properties to creams, lotions, and hair care products.



PROPERTIES


Appearance: White to off-white powder or granules.
Odor: Odorless.
Solubility: Soluble in water, forming clear to slightly turbid solutions.
Molecular Weight: Varies depending on the degree of substitution and polymerization.
Density: Typically ranges from 1.3 to 1.5 g/cm³.
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting.
Viscosity: Exhibits pseudoplastic behavior, with viscosity decreasing under shear stress.
pH: Usually neutral in aqueous solution.
Hygroscopicity: Absorbs moisture from the air.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, immediately move the affected person to fresh air.
Ensure that the individual can breathe comfortably.
If breathing difficulties persist or if the person is not breathing, seek medical attention promptly.
Keep the affected person calm and reassured.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation, redness, or discomfort persists, seek medical advice.
If HEC comes into contact with sensitive skin or open wounds, seek medical attention promptly.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if irritation is not initially present.
Remove contact lenses if easily removable after flushing.
Protect the unaffected eye during flushing to prevent cross-contamination.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and spit out.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Provide medical personnel with information on the amount ingested and the time of ingestion.



HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate protective clothing, including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, to minimize skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection, such as a dust mask or respirator, if handling HEC in powdered form or in dusty environments.
Ensure all PPE is in good condition and properly fitted before handling HEC.

Handling Precautions:
Handle HEC in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure.
Avoid generating dust or aerosols when handling the solid compound.
Use tools and equipment designed for handling powders to minimize the risk of spills and dust generation.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling HEC.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling to remove any residual product.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store HEC in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and open flames.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and evaporation.
Store away from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizing agents and acids.
Ensure storage area is equipped with appropriate containment measures to contain spills.
Store in containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass.
Check containers regularly for signs of damage or leakage and replace if necessary.

Segregation and Separation:
Segregate HEC from incompatible materials, such as acids, bases, and strong oxidizing agents.
Store HEC away from food, beverages, and feedstuffs to prevent contamination.

Handling and Storage Equipment:
Use equipment and containers specifically designated for handling HEC to prevent cross-contamination.
Ensure equipment used for transferring or dispensing HEC is clean and free from residues of incompatible materials.

Emergency Procedures:
Familiarize personnel with emergency procedures in case of spills, leaks, or exposure incidents.
Maintain spill kits and absorbent materials readily available for immediate response to spills.
Train personnel on proper handling procedures and emergency response protocols.

GLYCINE SOJA SEED EXTRACT ; soybean seed extractin glycerin and water;EXTRACT OF GLYCINE SOJA, GLYCINE HISPIDA EXTRACT, GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) SEED EXTRACT, GLYCINE SOJA EXTRACT, GLYCINE SOJA SEED EXTRACT, SOYBEAN EXTRACT, and SOYBEAN SEED EXTRACT CAS NO:8001-22-7

Leucojum Aestivum Bulb Extract; Leucojum Aestivum Bulb Extract in water; LEUCOJUM AESTIVUM BULB EXTRACT; Leucojum aestivum L., Amaryllidaceae; extract of the bulb of leucojum aestivum l., amaryllidaceae CAS NO:999999-99-4

Yellow Daffodil, Narcissus tazetta L., Agavaceae; Narcissus tazetta bulb extract; JONQUIL EXTRACT; CAS NO:999999-99-4

Bees wax; Carnauba wax; Candelilla wax; Paraffin wax; CAS NO: 8012-89-3 CAS NO: 8015-86-9 CAS NO:8006-44-8 CAS NO:8002-74-2

Wheat germ oil is extracted from the germ and is a rich source of polyunsaturated fats.
Wheat germ oil does not have fiber but contains vitamin E and other potential anti-inflammatory compounds.
Wheat germ oil can be taken in capsule form as a supplement, in salad dressings, drizzled on vegetables, or as a topical agent for hair, skin, and nails.



CAS Number: 84012-44-2 ; 68917-73-7
EC Number: 281-689-7
Inci Name: Tritucum Vulgare Oil
Formula: unspecified


Wheat germ oil is obtained from the central whitish seeds of wheat (Triticum vulgare L.) a plant grown in large parts of the world, the largest producers being Russia, Ukraine, China, the USA and Canada.
Wheat germ oil after the first pressing is an intense brown, clear and with a characteristic odour of cereals.


Wheat germ oil is light yellow and with a smooth odour.
Wheat germ oil is high in vitamin E (antioxidant) and sterols.
Due to the high content of vitamin E, Wheat germ oil is an oil with an anti-ageing effect on the skin.


Sterols contribute to skin cell regeneration.
Wheat germ oil is balanced composition between oleic and palmitic (20% and 20%).
The rest are linoleic and linolenic (50% and 8% respectively).


Wheat germ oil revitalizes dry skin.
Due to its high content of essential omega-3 and 6 fatty acids and other nutritionally important substances, wheat germ oil is a real treasure for the whole family.


Wheat germ oil has a pleasant, fine grain taste for which you can add it to salads, RAW desserts and any cold dish.
Wheat germ oil is also suitable for direct consumption, often called „on a spoon“.
Wheat is the primary staple food in India.


Wheat bran and wheat germ are two parts of wheat grain; the outer coat of the grain and the reproductive part of the grain, respectively.
Wheat germ oil gets extracted from the germ part of the wheat grain. Wheat germ is the heart of the wheat kernel.
The germ part of wheat is the nutrient-dense core with the highest protein, vitamins, and minerals content.


Wheat germ oil is derived from wheat germ, which is considered the "heart" of wheat since it's found at the center of the wheat berry.
Wheat germ oil feeds the wheat plant with nutrients to help it germinate and grow.
Wheat germ is the most nutritious component of the wheat kernel and contains 23 different nutrients, including protein, B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, iron and calcium.


Wheat germ oil is also nutrient-packed, which makes it particularly well-suited to moisturizing and soothing your skin.
Wheat-germ oil is readily absorbed by your skin, which makes it an effective moisturiser.
When applied to your skin, Wheat germ oil delivers a healthy infusion of vitamin A, vitamin D, B vitamins, antioxidants and fatty acids.


These nutrients therefore, will help moisturise and heal dry or cracked skin.
This why we use Wheat germ oil in our baby care cream and the moisturising baby lotion.
Wheat Germ Food Oil contains wheat germ oil extracted by cold-pressing the small embryo inside the wheat grain (Triticum aestivum).


This extraction method guarantees the optimal condition of all its properties.
Wheat Germ is the embryo of the wheat grain.
Wheat germ oil is separated during the milling of wheat and used for different applications such as in food, pharmaceuticals and for other biological purposes.


Wheat germ oil is golden, slightly brown, and counts on a very pleasant cereal taste and aroma.
Wheat germ oil is a rich, nourishing oil derived from the seed embryos of a wheat plant, often extracted by cold pressing.
It’s often referred to as ‘liquid gold’ because Wheat germ oil is the richest natural source of vitamin E.


Wheat germ oil’s also loaded with essential fatty acids like linoleic, which has been shown to help strengthen hair follicles while softening hair and maintaining moisture.
Wheat germ is the part of the embryo that gives wheat its nutritional value.


Germ is the part of wheat that is a protein store.
While obtaining the wheat flour used in bread making, the part we call the germ is unfortunately decomposed on the grounds that it shortens the shelf life.
Wheat Germ Oil is obtained by the cold press method of the germ.


Wheat Germ Oil is a source of magnesium, zinc, thiamine, folate, potassium and phosphorus.
Wheat Germ Oil is rich in vitamin E, an essential nutrient with antioxidant properties.
Wheat germ oil also contains B vitamins and group A vitamins.


Wheat germ oil can do wonders for your skin.
Its high antioxidant value makes Wheat germ oil a great anti-aging treatment and can help reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.
Wheat germ oil provides shiny, healthy-looking hair.


Wheat germ oil is extracted from the germ of the wheat kernel, which makes up only 2.5% by weight of the kernel.
Wheat germ oil is particularly high in octacosanol - a 28-carbon long-chain saturated primary alcohol found in a number of different vegetable waxes.
Octacosanol has been studied as an exercise- and physical performance-enhancing agent.


Very long chain fatty alcohols obtained from plant waxes and beeswax have been reported to lower plasma cholesterol in humans.
Wheat germ oil is also very high in vitamin E (255 mg/100g), and has the highest content of vitamin E of any food that has not undergone prior preparation or vitamin fortification.


As a cooking oil, wheat germ oil is strongly flavored, expensive and easily perishable.
Wheat germ oil contains the following fatty acids:
Other uses of wheat germ oil have also been explored, including increasing blood flow and reaction time.


Wheat germ oil is a food supplement that provides vitamin E obtained from wheat germ, and soy oil, extracted from fresh wheat germ and soybeans by the cold pressed method.
The vitamin E provided by this product is a D-alpha-tocopherol, which is the most potent form of vitamin E for humans.


Vitamin E contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress.
Wheat is a cereal crop of great importance throughout the world, belonging to the Triticum family.
The charred grains obtained as a result of the excavations show that the wheat plant has an average of 8000 years of history.


The homeland is thought to be Mesopotamia.
It can be divided into different groups according to planting time, color, structural features and purpose of use.
Wheat is the most important grain because it is the main ingredient of flour, semolina, pasta, bread and various bakery products.


Wheat grain consists of bran, germ (embryo) and endosperm.
Only 1 kilogram of wheat germ can be obtained from 1 ton of wheat.
Wheat germ is the embryo found at the bottom of the wheat grain.


Germ is the part of the seed that provides reproduction and germination, so it is the life source of wheat.
Germ, which is a rich mineral and vitamin store, is a source of especially plant-based E and B group vitamins.
The "natural vitamin E" called "alpha-tocopherol" is obtained from wheat germ.


Although wheat germ and wheat bran are the most functional parts of wheat, they have been removed from our lives with industrialization.
Because the production of bread with bran causes it to harden like pasta.
On the other hand, when wheat germ is ground with wheat, when the unsaturated fatty acids in it come into contact with air, it causes darkening in color and bitterness in taste.


Wheat germ is not found in white bread, but is an important nutritional component of whole-grain wheat.
While the shelf life of the flours we used a long time ago was 6 months at the most, Wheat germ oil was extended up to 2 years with the removal of bran and germ.


Wheat germ is a great source of vegetable protein, along with fiber and healthy fats.
Wheat germ oil is also a good source of magnesium, zinc, thiamine, folate, potassium and phosphorus.
Wheat germ oil obtained from wheat germ contains Omega 3, 6, 9 fatty acids that our body cannot produce and we need to get from outside.


The ratio of Omega 3 and Omega 6 Wheat germ oil contains is 1/6 as recommended by the FDA.
Fatty acid deficiencies can be seen in individuals fed with a single type of fat.
In individuals using wheat germ oil, the plant Omega 3 needs are met.


Wheat germ oil is also a good source of other vitamins, minerals and nutrients, including vitamins A, B1, B3, B5, B6 and E, folic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, fiber, phosphorus and calcium.
Wheat germ oil offers many benefits thanks to the fatty acids it contains.


Wheat germ oil is cold-pressed from wheatgerm and ultrafiltered.
The yellowish-gold oil, Wheat germ oil, contains vitamin E and secondary phytochemicals.
Wheat germ oil goes wonderfully with vegetables, rice, noodles or potatoes.
Wheat germ oil can try a little drizzled-over salad to add additional flavour and nutrients!



USES and APPLICATIONS of WHEAT GERM OIL:
Wheat germ oil has a sweet, slightly nutty, and pleasant grainy flavour and offers vitamins and antioxidants higher than any other natural oil.
Therefore, Wheat germ oil is suitable for culinary, medicinal, and therapeutic purposes.
Wheat Germ Oil is used for systemic support of the body.


Wheat germ oil provides ingredients with antioxidant activity
Wheat germ oil is important for cell-signaling molecules
Wheat germ oil supports the cells of the immune system and the body's natural inflammatory response function as it relates to periodic challenges like consumption of a high-fat meal or strenuous activity


Wheat germ oil supports the body's function during exercise
Wheat germ oil is used for hair care and the face.
When applied to your skin, Wheat germ oil delivers a healthy infusion of vitamin A, vitamin D, B vitamins, antioxidants and fatty acids.


These nutrients therefore, will help moisturise and heal dry or cracked skin.
This why we use Wheat germ oil in our baby care cream and the moisturising baby lotion.
Wheat germ is the most nutritious component of the wheat kernel and contains 23 different nutrients, including protein, B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, iron and calcium.


Wheat germ oil is also nutrient-packed, which makes it particularly well-suited to moisturizing and soothing your skin.
Wheat germ oil is not recommended for cooking.
Only for raw consumption, for example Wheat germ oil is added to salads, soups, sauces or dressings (see directions for use).


Wheat Germ Oil is used for systemic support of the body.
Wheat germ oil is used directly on the skin - apply the oil to the face and body.
Wheat germ oil is usually used in relaxation and beauty techniques.


Wheat germ oil is used for the care of nails and dry and brittle hair.
Wheat germ oil is used as an ideal ingredient for home peels due to the high content of natural vitamin E addition to conditioners with hair regenerating properties.


Wheat germ oil is used as an ingredient in the production of lotions, soaps, shampoos.
Wheat germ oil is used downtreatment of sunburns as well.
The demand for vegetable oil has risen rapidly due to the awareness of vegetable oil as food and nutraceuticals (health-enhancing food).


Cereals are an essential mode of a balanced nutrition.
Some cereals like wheat (Triticum aestivum), commonly known as ghehu, have gained much popularity due to their ability to be grounded into flour.
Wheat germ is a by-product derived from wheat milling process.


Wheat germ is used in the cosmetic, food and medical industry.
Egypt is one of the largest producers of wheat germ.
Wheat germ oil has a slightly nutty, pleasantly grainy, sweet flavour with several potential uses.


Wheat germ oil can also be used in cosmetics or as a massage oil.
Wheat germ oil is very popular as a massage oil for pregnant women.
Wheat germ oil is used for Vegetable Dishes, For Potatoes, For Noodles and Pasta, For Rice Dishes.


Wheat germ oil is ideal for mature skin, has beneficial effects, helps fight wrinkles and generally brightens the skin and gives it a healthy look.
Wheat germ oil is ideally applied every morning and evening on perfectly cleansed and cleansed skin.
Gently massage in with fingertips 1-3 drops (as needed) wheat germ oil in a circular motion until the oil is absorbed.


-Pharmaceutical and medical use:
Many natural vitamin E preparations are made from wheat germ oil and, due to the natural active ingredients it contains, this oil is also commonly used in the production of ointments and powders.
Thanks to its high vitamin E content, wheat germ oil is readily taken orally (against free radicals) and is also considered a dietetic oil.

In addition, the vitamin E contained in Wheat germ oil is important for the gonads to function normally and for a normal pregnancy.
According to Günter A. Ulmer’s book Heilende Öle (healing oils), further positive characteristics of wheat germ oil are that it acts as an anti-inflammatory and protects the cells from premature aging and deterioration.

What is more, the vitamin E within Wheat germ oil can improve the blood flow and oxygen supply of the organs, muscles, and tissues; lead to higher performance and vitality; and guard the heart and circulatory system from damage caused by overstrain.
Vitamin E can also supposedly slow premature aging.

Finally, according to the Lexikon der pflanzlichen Fette und Öle (lexicon of plant fats and oils), a reduction in cholesterol levels in the plasma and liver can be observed in animals.


-Cosmetic use:
Also in the cosmetic area, wheat germ oil has a variety of applications and features several very beneficial characteristics, according to the Lexikon der pflanzlichen Fette und Öle.
For example, Wheat germ oil can be found in skincare and haircare products.

Because of the high percentage of omega-6 fatty acids in the oil, Wheat germ oil is especially well suited for dry and chapped skin.
Wheat germ oil is considered fine skincare oil since it seemingly prevents signs of skin aging; moisturizes the skin; and regulates the metabolism.
Moreover, Wheat germ oil can stimulate cell regeneration in mature and dry skin, which tends to form fine wrinkles.

The vitamin E contained in the oil keeps the connective tissue healthy and makes the skin smooth and elastic.
In addition, Wheat germ oil can also be found in haircare products, where it serves as preventative hair care, to keep the hair healthy and stimulate circulation in the scalp.

In the cosmetic industry, wheat germ oil is also used, for example, in the production of skin oils, powder, soaps, face packs, and other nurturing cosmetics.
Besides this, Wheat germ oil is well suited as a basis for essential oils.

Wheat germ oil and products containing wheat germ oil also offer benefits during pregnancy.
Wheat germ oil is well known that preparations containing vitamin E, when applied percutaneously, improve blood circulation in the peripheral vessels.
For this reason, persons whose skin has poor circulation are advised to apply these products.

Wheat germ oil contains a high percentage of vitamin E.
This makes Wheat germ oil well suited to be mixed into products for perineal massages for pregnant women, so that the vitamin E in the oil improves the tissue’s circulation and elasticity.

Likewise, Wheat germ oil helps strengthen and firm up the connective tissues.
Interestingly, the shelf life of homemade creams can be extended if wheat germ oil is mixed into them.


-In the kitchen:
Cold-pressed wheat germ oil, thanks to its high vitamin E content, can contribute to a healthy diet.
Due to the high amount of tocopherol, Wheat germ oil can also be used as a dietetic oil.
Primarily Wheat germ oil is used to obtain natural vitamin E and unsaturated fatty acids.


-Skin Care uses of Wheat germ oil:
After cleansing your skin, apply Wheat germ oil sufficient amount of oil to your skin via massaging.


-Hair Care uses of Wheat germ oil:
Apply Wheat germ oil sufficient amount of oil by massaging from the roots to the ends, rinse after 15-20 minutes.
You can apply Wheat germ oil twice a week.


-Face uses of Wheat germ oil:
Evening Serum:
Apply Wheat germ oil a thin layer to cleansed skin - especially around the sensitive eye region and on the contours of the lips.


-Anti-aging mask uses of Wheat germ oil:
Apply Wheat germ oil a generous amount to the skin once a week.
Leave on for 15-20 minutes and wipe away with a towel.
A few drops of Wheat germ oil can also be added to a night cream to enhance its nourishing effects.


-Body uses of Wheat germ oil:
Due to the high vitamin E content, wheat germ oil is particularly nourishing for dry skin and offers protection to skin that has been dried out by external factors such as wind, weather, salt, etc.

Wheat germ oil acts as an optimal anti-aging elixir for mature skin.
Wheat germ oil nourishes and restructures the tissue by strengthening the acid mantle and thus counteracting cracking, flaking and irritation.
When blended with sweet almond oil Wheat germ oil ensures improved absorption by the skin.

Massage into moist skin to soften and regenerate very dry, strained as well as flaky skin or skin that has been exposed to the sun for an extended period of time.
In addition, wheat germ oil helps to prevent the formation of stretch marks during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Even during and after severe weight loss, the oil helps to tighten the skin while also toning and revitalizing tired skin.


-Hair uses of Wheat germ oil:
Wheat germ oil can be used as a treatment before shampooing hair that is extremely dry, bleached, stressed or brittle.
In addition, Wheat germ oil has a positive effect on dry, dehydrated scalp types from the very first application.
Wheat germ oil is appreciated for taking care of the skin, hair and nails.
Wheat germ oil is nourishing, regenerating and helps prevent the signs of aging.



WHEAT / TRITICUM /
A type of grain that belongs to the family of grasses.
It is cultivated almost all over the world, but it comes from south-west and central Asia.
There are about 20 types of wheat, which, apart from barley, is the oldest cultivated grain for over 6,000,000 years.

In the world economy, it ranks third in terms of cereal production.
Common wheat is a common cultivated species.
Fruit called kernels can be used to obtain many raw materials, e.g. wheat germ, from which the extraction process produces a natural oil rich in many ingredients.



NATURAL WHEAT GERM OIL / TRITIUM VULGARE GERM OIL /
Unrefined, cosmetic, cold-pressed oil, 100% obtained from wheat germ.
Rich in proteins, fatty acids and a high content of vitamins A , B, D and E (natural antioxidant).
Wheat germ oil makes the skin smooth and soft.
Wheat germ oil works not only on the skin surface, but easily penetrates the epidermis.

Wheat germ oil is perfect for dry and flaky skin.
Wheat germ oil regenerates the inside of the hair, restores its natural cover and smoothes its surface.
Wheat germ oil protects against excessive water loss and UV radiation.



WHEAT GERM OIL BENEFITS:
Nutritional Value of Wheat Germ Oil:
Wheat germ oil may contain several bioactive compounds like phytosterols, policosanol, lipids, sterols, triterpenols and many more.
Additionally, wheat germ oil may have the following nutrients:

Vitamins present in wheat germ oil:
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol)
Vitamin K (phylloquinone)3
Vitamin A (retinol)
Vitamin B1 (thiamin)
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
Vitamin B3 (niacin)
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)



PROPERTIES OF WHEAT GERM OIL:
Several studies show that wheat germ oil may possess the following properties:
*Wheat germ oil may be an antioxidant.
*Wheat germ oil may have the ability to inhibit the growth of the bacteria.
*Wheat germ oil may have anti-inflammatory properties (may reduce swelling).
*Wheat germ oil may have properties to lower cholesterol levels.
*Wheat germ oil may possess properties to increase the blood flow.
*Wheat germ oil may protect against breast cancer.
*Wheat germ oil may have properties to protect the heart.
*Wheat germ oil may possess wound-healing properties.



HOW TO USE WHEAT GERM OIL?
Wheat germ oil can be added to various food items in the following way:
Wheat germ oil may be added to smoothies, yoghurt, ice cream and cereals.
Wheat germ oil capsules are available in a fixed dose.

Wheat germ oil can be added to pasta or salad as a flavouring agent.
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements.

Likewise, do not discontinue or replace an ongoing modern medical treatment with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Wheat germ oil (WGO) is composed of nonpolar lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids, alcohols, esters, alkene, aldehydes, tocopherols, n-alkanols, sterols, 4-methyl sterols, triterpenols, hydrocarbons, pigments, and volatile components and can be obtained using different techniques



BENEFITS AND HOW TO USE OF WHEAT GERM OIL:
Wheat germ oil is suitable for all skin types, but particularly mature, dry or cracked skin, since it has a high vitamin E content and is rich and nourishing.
Wheat germ oil is a must for the mother to be!

Wheat germ oil is often added in a 10% dilution to other oils as a preservative, and is seldom used on its own because it smells strongly of wheat!
Wheat germ oil keeps for approximately one year.
Wheat germ oils is a pure natural therapeutic quality carrier oil from USA.
Many carrier oils have significant benefit for maintaining a healthy and youthful skin.



WHEAT GERM OIL SKIN BENEFITS:
Wheat germ oil is a nutritiously packed vegetable oil that is believed to have many health benefits.
Wheat germ oil contains in particular oleic and linoleic acids which are soothing for the skin.



EXTRACTION OF WHEAT GERM OIL:
This vegetable oil, Wheat germ oil, is obtained by cold pressing the wheat germ.
Wheat germ oil is rich in antioxidants (vitamin A, D and E), linoleic, oleic acids, lecithin and enzymes.



BENEFITS OF WHEAT GERM OIL:
Very moisturizing, Wheat germ oil stimulates cellular regeneration and the eliminates free radicals.
Wheat germ oil is quickly absorbed into the skin and has excellent firming properties.
Wheat germ oil provides essential nutrients to the skin, which strengthen its defences.



CHARACTERISTICS AND SHELF LIFE OF WHEAT GERM OIL:
Raw Wheat germ oil has a golden yellow to brown hue.
Refined oil, on the other hand, is yellowish.
Wheat germ oil smells like grains and dried herbs and contains weak notes of pepper.

The taste of Wheat germ oil is a typical, distinct wheat taste.
The smoke point of Wheat germ oil is about 90°C.
Wheat germ oil is composed of about 60% polyunsaturated fatty acids, ca. 88% of which is the omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid.

Additionally Wheat germ oil contains about 18% oleic acid (a monounsaturated fatty acid) and ca. 18% saturated fatty acids (especially palmitic acid).
There are is also ca. 200-300 mg. of vitamin E per 100 grams of oil, giving Wheat germ oilthe highest total vitamin E content of any other oil.
This vitamin E is composed chiefly of alpha-tocopherol.

Moreover, Wheat germ oil has only a limited oxygen stability and can be heated only to about 90°C.
Normal wheat germ oil, when stored in a cool, dark location has a shelf life of 6 months.
If Wheat germ oil has been obtained through extraction, then it has a longer shelf life.



FEATURES OF WHEAT GERM OIL:
Wheat germ oil is remarkable for its unusually high vitamin-E content.
Wheat germ oil provides approx. 233 mg of vitamin E per 100 g of oil and therefore makes an important contribution to the daily diet.
Furthermore, Wheat germ oil has a high proportion of the polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid (omega-6 fatty acid) and linolenic acid (omega-3 fatty acid).



INCREDIBLE BENEFITS OF WHEAT GERM OIL:
Among the extensive range of beneficial oils available in the stores, a member to join the limelight in the recent years is wheat germ oil.
Wheat is no stranger in the Indian household.
While the refined variant - maida - is shunned upon by many, whole wheat flour is lovingly used to make a range of Indian breads like stuffed parathas, fluffy rotis, baturas and the like.

Experts have always said that the nutritional contents of wheat are mostly enclosed in the germ of the grain.
The more the grains are refined, the more we lose the benefits.
Wheat germ refers to the embryo of the seed, which germinates into a plant.

The germ is loaded with essential nutrients such as plant proteins, fiber, vitamins, minerals (phosphorus, zinc, iron, selenium and potassium) and fatty acids which have proven to be beneficial for hair, skin and overall health.
Wheat germ oil is extracted from the germ and is said to be equally as beneficial.



TOP 8 AMAZING BENEFITS OF WHEAT GERM OIL:
Wheat germ oil is the oil obtained from the germ or embryo of wheat.
The germ represents about eight percent of the total weight of the kernel.
Wheat grain is composed of four main parts: bran, endosperm, gluten, and germ.
Bran makes up around 14 percent of the weight of wheat, while germ contributes about eight percent.


Wheat germ Vs wheat bran:
To differentiate between wheat germ vs wheat bran, it is to be noted that wheat bran is the hard, protective outer layer of a whole wheat berry.
It is removed during milling to produce white flour.
Wheat germ is the nutrient-rich embryo of the wheat berry which contains vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
The higher oil content of the germ leads to rancidity if not stored properly.


Components of wheat germ oil:
Wheat contains oil in its germ which is made up of triglycerides and phytosterols.
The triglycerides are broken into fatty acids, which include oleic acid (provitamin A), palmitic acid, linoleic acid (vitamin E), and linolenic acid (omega 3).


What wheat germ oil is good for?
Wheat germ oil has many benefits considering the components it has.
Following are some of the major wheat germ oil benefits that make it highly popular and useful for skin as well as overall health


#1 Anti-ageing
Wheat germ oil is considered to have a high content of omega-6 fatty acids.
Wheat germ oil also has a high antioxidant capacity due to the presence of vitamin E.
Vitamin E prevents oxidation reactions in biological membranes, strengthening them and protecting them from free radicals that cause damage to cells.
Wheat germ oil increases collagen production which leads to younger-looking skin by reducing wrinkles and other signs of ageing.
Wheat germ oil is also used as an emollient in many beauty products because it gives moisture to the skin when applied topically.


#2 Anti-oxidant
It has been discovered that wheat germ oil for skin penetrates into deeper layers of tissues increasing firmness and elasticity while removing toxins from muscles through acupuncture points acting as a detoxifying agent.
This leads to a decrease in signs of aging, such as wrinkles and other fine lines by stimulating collagen production which gives a youthful appearance.


#3 Blood pressure management
A high concentration of alpha-linolenic acid helps reduce blood pressure and increase nitric oxide production, providing your heart a more powerful pump and better circulation throughout your body.


#4 Anti-inflammatory
Wheat germ oil is able to reduce inflammation and ease the painful symptoms of osteoarthritis.
Wheat germ oil can also be used topically for muscle pain relief and itching caused by various conditions such as psoriasis and dermatitis.


#5 Skin Moisturising
Wheat germ oil has a very light texture, which makes it able to be applied directly onto the skin without leaving a greasy residue behind.
Wheat germ oil penetrates easily into the deepest layers of the epidermis and moisturizes without clogging pores or causing allergic reactions.
Wheat germ oil can also regulate moisture levels, soothe irritated skin and restore its natural pH balance.


#6 Nourishment for skin
The antioxidants present in wheat germ oil are able to nourish your skin from deep inside, making it healthier after every application.
Furthermore, Wheat germ oil rejuvenates dead cells on the surface of vital organs by restoring their healthy color and repairing previously existing damage.


#7 Strengthening immune system
Wheat germ oil is rich in several vitamins that are crucial for the proper function of your immune system.
Wheat germ oil contains vitamin E, selenium, magnesium, B1, B6, B12, and folic acid.
These components help maintain optimal health by promoting the growth of new cells, stimulating metabolism processes, and improving overall energy levels.
Regular application can significantly improve stamina and quality of life.


#8 Manages Cholesterol
Octacosanol is a long-chain fatty acid with alcohol that promotes and aids physical performance, including strength and stamina.
According to studies, Octacosanol's capacity to impact fat metabolism, reduce cholesterol production (helps to lower LDL), and prevent hardening of arteries could explain the cardiovascular benefits.

The benefits of Wheat germ oil come mainly from its vitamin E content. Vita-min E possesses antioxidant properties which are helpful for reducing inflammation that may contribute to cardiovascular disease, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, or Alzheimer's disease.
Because it has certain antioxidant compounds known to be important in helping slow down the ageing process, people use it as anti-aging therapy since it works to increase cell membrane integrity and strengthen cells' defense against environmental damage.



HAIR TYPE CONSIDERATIONS OF WHEAT GERM OIL:
Not unlike the most easygoing member of your friend group, wheat germ oil plays well with all hair types and textures, ranging from thick and coily all the way to ultra-fine if you fall into the latter category to avoid weighing down hair.
Naturally dry hair types will respond very well with wheat germ oil.

Wheat germ oil can be used to soften and nourish your hair as often as you need it.
So, in theory, you could opt to do a wheat germ oil hair treatment as often as you choose to lather up.
Those with thinning hair can expect to see stronger follicles with extended use, while thick, natural curls will feel more hydrated.



HOW TO USE WHEAT GERM OIL ON HAIR:
While wheat germ oil is often a hero ingredient found in hair-strengthening formulas, you can also pick up a bottle of the raw, organic, unrefined oil either at your nearest vitamin shop or online to DIY your own treatment.
Using wheat germ oil either alone or as a pre-treatment will produce a balance of added strength and moisture for your hair.

As a Pre-Shampoo Treatment:
Before you lather up, coating your strands from root to tip in wheat germ oil to help soften and nourish your hair.
Let Wheat germ oil sit anywhere from a few minutes to two hours, then rinse out with shampoo.

As a Leave-In Treatment After Shampooing:
Wheat germ oil can also be applied to damp strands while the hair shaft is open.
Applying a few drops from root to end—keeping the “less is more” mantra in mind—and leaving it in as you would with your favorite leave-in conditioner.

To Give Your Conditioner or Mask a Boost:
Want to kick your go-to conditioning treatment up a level?
Adding a few drops to your hair mask or conditioner of choice for an express wheat germ oil treatment.



NUTRITIONAL COMPONENT VALUE OF WHEAT GERM OIL:
Energy 884 kcal
Fats 100 g
Fatty acids (unsaturated) 18.8 g
Fatty acids (monosaturated) 15.1 g
Fatty acids (polyunsaturated) 61.7 g
Choline 20 mg
Vitamin E 149 mg
Vitamin K 24.7 µg
Total carotenoids 12.23 g
Lutein 2.95 g
β- carotene 2.42 g
Other carotenoids 6.89 g
Total steryl ferulate 48.8 g



TYPE OF INGREDIENT:
Hydrator, strengthener, emollient


MAIN BENEFITS:
Wheat germ oil helps to hydrate dry hair, strengthen hair follicles, and boost shine.


WHO SHOULD USE IT:
Wheat germ oil can be used by all hair types ranging from fine to ultra-thick (and everything in between), though dry strands will especially love this ingredient.
While fine hair types can benefit from wheat germ oil, use a lighter hand when applying it to avoid weighing strands down.


HOW OFTEN TO USE IT:
Every time you shampoo your hair to maximize benefits.


WORKS WELL WITH:
In conjunction with your favorite hair mask or conditioner, alongside other carrier oils, or solo as a treatment.


DON'T USE WITH:
While wheat germ oil plays well with most ingredients, those who have a wheat allergy should not use it in their hair routine.



BENEFITS OF WHEAT GERM OIL FOR HAIR:
Want to re-hydrate dry, color-treated strands?
You’ve got it.
Eager to bulk up thinning areas?
Wheat germ oil has you covered.

In dire need of some damage control?
Three words: wheat germ oil.
In addition to being rich in vitamin E and linoleic acid, wheat germ oil is packed with vitamins A, B, and D; squalene; and oleic, palmitic, and linolenic acids, making for an ultra-nourishing cocktail for your hair.


Replaces Lost Moisture:
Thanks to the potent amount of vitamin E in wheat germ oil, wheat germ oil can be used to both boost and maintain moisture levels in dry hair.
The key here is consistency, but with time, your hair will appear shinier and feel less dry.


Repairs Existing Damage:
Since wheat germ oil is loaded with essential fatty acids and vitamins, hair damaged by heat, color, or general environmental stressors will drink in its nourishing, reparative goodness.
In fact, the blend not only repairs existing damage, but actually helps to prevent damage from future styling.


Strengthens Hair Follicles:
While using an oil on thin hair might sound counterintuitive, the vitamin B in wheat germ oil helps to increase circulation to the scalp area and can actually promote new hair growth.
​​People will experience fullness at the crown if they commit to using it consistently, as it does take time for the follicles and root to strengthen.


Creates a Soft, Smooth Finish:
When your hair is healthy and hydrated after a wheat germ oil treatment, it’s almost as if the entire world has fallen into place.
Your fingers flow through your layers a bit easier, curls and waves hold their shape better (and without frizz, at that), and it seems to hold a more glorious, shampoo commercial-esque shine.

The long-chain fatty acids and vitamin E in wheat germ oil have emollient properties to create a softer, smoother finish.
You can expect an increased softness, suppleness, and elasticity when using wheat germ oil.



NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF WHEAT GERM OIL:
The nutritional composition of wheat germ oil per 100g is as follows:
Calories: 884 kcal
Total fat content: 100g
Saturated fatty acids: 18.8 g
Monounsaturated fatty acids: 15.1 g
Polyunsaturated fats: 61.7 g
Choline: 20 mg
Vitamin E: 149 mg
Vitamin K: 27.7 μg
Calories
One hundred grams of wheat germ oil has about 884 kcal. So when you use one tablespoon of wheat germ oil, it will provide 120 Kcal.


Carbohydrates:
Wheat germ oil contains zero carbohydrates, meaning no starch, fibre, or sugar.
Without carbohydrates, the glycemic index of wheat germ oil is also zero.
Zero glycemic index means there’s no effect on blood sugar levels.


Lipids (Fats):
Wheat germ oil is a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, also regarded as good fat.
Wheat germ oil contains both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.
In addition, Wheat germ oil contains alpha-linolenic acid as well as linoleic acid.

Wheat germ oil also contains healthy monounsaturated fatty acids along with saturated fatty acids.
Wheat germ oil contains eight times more omega-6 (linoleic acid) fatty acids than omega-3 (linolenic acid) fatty acids.
However, Wheat germ oil can also be a downside because omega-3 is healthier than omega-6.


Vitamins and Minerals:
Wheat germ oil provides an alpha-tocopherol form of vitamin E.
A single serving of wheat germ oil can provide 135% of recommended daily vitamin E intake.
Wheat germ oil also contains a small amount of vitamin K used for blood clotting.

While minerals are abundant in wheat germ, most minerals get lost during the oil extraction.
As a result, there are only trace minerals in the wheat germ oil.
Wheat germ oil usually occurs as a by-product in wheat flour production.
Today, modern milling processes for obtaining flour and bran mechanically separate the germ buds, relatively fatty parts of the wheat grains.

For wheat germ oil production, a cold-pressing with a screw press is used, or also an extraction with solvents.
Afterward the oil may possibly undergo refinement.
Furthermore, the wheat germ oil can also be obtained using a solvent-free extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide, which advantageously removes the need for refinement.



HEALTH BENEFITS OF WHEAT GERM OIL:
*Helps Treat Cardiovascular Diseases:
Wheat germ oil contains nutrients that help treat the symptoms associated with cardiovascular disorders.
Wheat germ oil contains phytosterols that reduce cholesterol levels by reducing their absorption.

In addition, the omega-3 fatty acids in wheat germ oil help reduce blood cholesterol levels.
Studies show that omega-3 fatty acid has significantly reduced the mortality risk caused by cardiac arrhythmias and coronary heart diseases.
Wheat germ oil reduces the risks associated with CHD like LDL cholesterol levels and high blood pressure and improves blood circulation.

DHA and EPA omega-3 fatty are excellent cardioprotective agents.
Omega-3 fatty acids in wheat germ oil decrease the levels of serum triglycerides by boosting the degradation of fatty acids.
In addition, reduction in hepatic synthesis of LDL cholesterol also helps reduce triglyceride levels.


*Antioxidant Properties:
Wheat germ oil is a good source of vitamin E, a powerful radical-scavenging antioxidant that helps scavenge free radicals such as lipid oxidation and peroxidation.
Wheat germ oil also contains different forms of vitamin E; tocotrienols and alpha-tocopherols.

Lipid oxidation is a precursor of chronic metabolic disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.
Wheat germ oil also helps to improve the immune system.
In addition, vitamin E possesses anti-inflammatory properties that help in easing inflammation.


*Anti-Ageing Properties:
Wheat germ oil contains potent antioxidants which possess anti-ageing activities.
Wheat germ oil delays the progression of anti-ageing signs and symptoms such as dull skin, uneven tone, wrinkles, fine lines, enlarged pores, dry skin, sagging, and dark spots on the skin.

Wheat germ oil has omega-3 fatty acids that possess nourishing and moisturising effects and help treat dry and damaged skin.
Wheat germ oil has a potent antioxidant nutrient, vitamin E that fights against free radicals and prevents oxidative damage.
Wheat germ oil reduces the appearance of wrinkles and scars by stimulating collagen formation between cells.

Wheat germ oil has nourishing and moisturising properties that help in hair growth.
Wheat germ oil stimulates the growth of hair and increases blood circulation in the scalp.
Linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid in wheat germ oil strengthens the hair follicles and restores the moisture content in the hair strands.
Wheat germ oil improves the elasticity of hair strands and adds shine, strength, and softness to the hair.


*Anti-Diabetic Effect:
A study assesses the effects of wheat germ oil on diabetes.
It demonstrated that wheat germ oil significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, serum lipid profile, serum insulin, and HDL cholesterol levels.
Persistent hyperglycemia increased the production of free radicals in diabetic patients.

Wheat germ oil possesses potent antioxidant activity that scavenges the free radicals and reduces oxidative damage.
The study proved that high doses of wheat germ oil exhibit anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and antioxidant properties.
In addition, Wheat germ oil possesses protective effects against diabetic complications.



FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES OF WHEAT GERM OIL:
*Suitable for all skin types
*Rich in antioxidants
*Strengthening effects



POTENTIAL USES OF WHEAT GERM OIL FOR OVERALL HEALTH:
1. Potential use of wheat germ oil for bacterial infections
Wheat germ oil may possess antibacterial properties.
Wheat germ oil may inhibit the growth of bacteria.

Wheat germ oil may be more sensitive to gram-positive bacteria as compared to gram-negative bacteria (categories based on bacteria that take up staining under the microscope).
However, further studies are yet to be done to check the effect of wheat germ oil on bacterial infections.
If you suspect any symptoms of bacterial infection, you must immediately consult your doctor.


2. Potential use of wheat germ oil for inflammation
Intake of wheat germ oil may be used to reduce swelling.
A study conducted by Harrabi et al. in 2021 showed that bioactive compounds like octacosanol, β-sitosterol and α-linolenic acid might be responsible for the anti-inflammatory property of wheat germ oil.

Wheat germ oil may inhibit cyclo-oxygenase (an enzyme that causes swelling).
However, more studies are required to confirm if wheat germ oil can be used to reduce inflammation.
You must consult your doctor if you experience any symptoms of inflammatory diseases.


3. Potential use of wheat germ oil for hair
Consumption of wheat germ oil may increase blood flow due to the presence of vitamin E.
Increased blood flow in the scalp may help repair the cells in the hair bulb.

Additionally, Wheat germ oil may help reduce hair fall.
However, more studies are needed to check if wheat germ oil is good for hair.
You should consult a doctor for proper treatment if you are facing hair related issues.


4. Potential use of wheat germ oil for skin
Consumption of wheat germ oil may increase the blood flow in the skin, resulting in better supply of nutrients to the skin.
This may be attributed to Wheat germ oil's high vitamin E content.
Wheat germ oil may also have an anti-ageing effect on the skin due to the presence of a bioactive compound, ceramide.

Vitamin E and ceramides may have a moisturising and soothing effect on the skin.
In addition, wheat germ oil may cause skin thickening, which may further help decrease water loss from the skin.
However, more studies are yet to be done to check whether wheat germ oil may benefit the skin.
You must consult your doctor if you see any abnormalities in your skin.


5. Potential use of wheat germ oil for cancer
Oxidative stress is caused by harmful free radicals (molecular particles that harm the body).
In addition, wheat germ oil may reduce tumour size.


6. Potential use of wheat germ oil for wound healing
Wheat germ oil may help to heal wounds.
A study conducted by G.C. Türkoglu et al. in 2021 showed that wheat germ oil might have bioactive compounds that may have properties to work on the skin cells and enhance the wound healing process.

Wheat germ oil may heal burns and wounds due to its high cellular activity and high fluid handling capacity.
However, further studies are yet to be done to check if wheat germ oil may be used to heal wounds.
Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you have a severe wound instead of self-medicating.


7. Potential use of wheat germ oil for lowering cholesterol levels
Antioxidants in wheat germ oil like phenolic acids, flavonoids, tocopherols and carotenoids may help reduce cholesterol levels.
A study by Chadha et al. in 2015 showed that wheat germ oil might lower the bad cholesterol levels- total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDL).

However, further studies are yet to be done to check if wheat germ oil may be beneficial for lowering cholesterol levels.
Therefore, you must check your cholesterol levels regularly and consult your doctor in case of high cholesterol levels.
Though there are studies that show the benefits of wheat germ oil in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of wheat germ oil on human health.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of WHEAT GERM OIL:
APPEARANCE AT 20°C: Slight viscous clear liquid
COLOR: Pale yellow
ODOR: Nearly odorless
OPTICAL ROTATION (°): 0 / 0
DENSITY AT 20°C (G/ML)): 0,917 - 0,925
REFRACTIVE INDEX ND20: 1,4720 - 1,4760
FLASHPOINT (°C): 261
SOLUBILITY: Insoluble in water
Latin (Botanical) Name: Triticum Vulgare Vill
Plant Family: Poaceae
Extraction Method: Cold press
Plant Part Used: Seed
Color: Orange
Aromatic Description: Strong, raw, grassy aroma
Botanical name: Triticum vulgare
Plant family: Poaceae
Production: Cold Pressed
Cultivation: Conventional cultivation (unaltered & analysed)
Country of origin: USA
Part of plant: Germ
Skincare secret: Skincare
Application : Tinted Moisturisers
For whom: Women
Consistency / Dosage Form: Oil
Scalp Care : Oils
Product Type: Body Oils
Skin Type: Demanding Skin, Mature Skin, Dry Skin
Hair Type: Sensitive Scalp Types , Damaged hair, Dry hair

WHEAT GERM OIL Among the extensive range of beneficial oils available in the stores, a member to join the limelight in the recent years is wheat germ oil. Wheat is no stranger in the Indian household. While the refined variant - maida - is shunned upon by many, whole wheat flour is lovingly used to make a range of Indian breads like stuffed parathas, fluffy rotis, baturas and the like. Experts have always said that the nutritional contents of wheat are mostly enclosed in the germ of the grain. The more the grains are refined, the more we lose the benefits.Wheat germ refers to the embryo of the seed, which germinates into a plant. The germ is loaded with essential nutrients such as plant proteins, fiber, vitamins, minerals (phosphorus, zinc, iron, selenium and potassium) and fatty acids which have proven to be beneficial for hair, skin and overall health. Wheat germ oil is extracted from the germ and is said to be equally as beneficial. "Wheat germ oil (WG) is widely recognised as a nutritious raw material for incorporation into food product formulations or as a food in its own right. Typical applications are in germ-enriched bread, snack foods, and supplements to breakfast cereals, and for production of wheat-germ oil. Wheat germ oil, containing about 8% - 14% oil (average 10%), is mainly used in food, medical and cosmetic industries as a source of oil," as stated in a research paper done by Faculty of Agriculture of Fayoum University, Egypt. Here are a few benefits of wheat germ oil 1. A Rich Source of AntioxidantsWheat germ oil is a great source of Vitamin E, which is said to be a powerful antioxidant. "It helps fight against free radical damage. Coming from the centre of the wheat kernel, wheat germ oil is known for at least 23 odd nutrients, including Vitamins A, B, D and E," says Shonali Sabherwal, a Macrobiotic Nutritionist, Chef and Instructor based in Mumbai. These vitamins all contribute to various functions of the body, particularly skin health. "Vitamin E travels throughout the body neutralising free radicals which would otherwise damage fat-containing structures like cell membranes and brain cells," says Dr. Manoj K. Ahuja, Fortis Hospital. It also helps prevent oxidative stress. 2. A Great Face Cleanser "Wheat germ oil is a natural oil which helps in cleansing the face efficiently. It helps seal moisture back and also gets rid of excess sebum, which could lead to other skin problems like acne, pimples, etc. It does not clog pores as it is non-comedogenic,"says Shilpa Arora, a Health Practitioner, Nutritionist and certified Macrobiotic Health Coach based in New Delhi. A few drops of the oil can be used on your skin or added to your face packs or masks. You can also take a few drops and message gently onto your face and let it rest. Those with oily skin condition must get in touch with a skin care expert before applying the oil. 3. Lowers Cholesterol "It is rich in Octacosanol, which is a long chain fatty acid with alcohol that promotes and aids physical performance, including strength and stamina. Research also shows Octacosanol's ability to affect fat metabolism, decreases cholesterol production (helps to bring down LDL) and prevents hardening of arteries, which could account for the cardiovascular benefits," says Dr. Anju Sood, a renowned Nutritionist based in Bangalore. She further adds, "Wheat germ oil contains the goodness of omega-3 fatty acids, which help in regulating the nervous system systematically." cholesterol 4. Treats Skin Scars Because of its high Vitamin E content, wheat germ oil helps in building collagen, the most abundantly found protein in the body that provides the skin its strength and structure. "The oil repairs, heals and prevents scarring. In fact regular application on scars can completely banish them. Make sure the oil is 100% organic and cold pressed else it will lose most of its nutrients," says Shilpa. "Vitamin A, D and fatty acids present in wheat germ oil help with cracked, scarred skin, giving it an even tone. It also provides natural hydration to the skin," adds Shonali. 5. Acts as a Hair Nourisher Wheat germ oil is a useful ingredient for maintaining healthy hair. "It is rich in linoleic acid and acts as a hair nourisher. Use it in the ratio 10:1 with other carrier oils such as olive and sesame (10 parts carrier oil and 1 part wheat germ oil) and apply on the scalp. Leave it on for some time before rinsing the hair," says Dr Ashutosh Gautam, Clinical Operations and Coordination Manager at Baidyanath. Promoted Listen to the latest songs, only on JioSaavn.com 6. Has Anti-Ageing Properties Being a great source of vitamins - B6, Folic acid and E, wheat germ oil is said to act as an anti-ageing agent for the skin. "Vitamin E is a strong anti-oxidant and it promotes healthy skin as it prevents many skin problems like psoriasis, eczema and dry skin. Vitamin B, on the other hand, helps in repairing tissue damage and promotes tissue growth," adds Dr. Sood. Note: If using wheat germ oil for consumption, it is advisable to do so in little quantities. You can use it to drizzle on to salads or in pastas, but it shouldn't be used for deep-frying. Wheat germ oil is extracted from the germ of the wheat kernel, which makes up only 2.5% by weight of the kernel [1] Wheat germ oil is particularly high in octacosanol - a 28-carbon long-chain saturated primary alcohol found in a number of different vegetable waxes.[2] Octacosanol has been studied as an exercise- and physical performance-enhancing agent. Very long chain fatty alcohols obtained from plant waxes and beeswax have been reported to lower plasma cholesterol in humans.[3] Wheat germ oil is also very high in vitamin E (255 mg/100g), and has the highest content of vitamin E of any food that has not undergone prior preparation or vitamin fortification.[4] As a cooking oil, wheat germ oil is strongly flavored, expensive and easily perishable.[1] Wheat germ oil contains the following fatty acids:[5][6] Other uses of wheat germ oil have also been explored, including increasing blood flow and reaction time.[7] Further uses include treatment of certain skin conditions such as scarring and inflammation.[8] Experience the power of the Mediterranean, Aegean and Black Sea regions in the first truly nutrient-rich skincare fixed oils for women and men alike. Wheat Germ Oil is a highly valuable oil which is difficult to obtain. It is rich in essential fatty acids and Vitamin E. All non-GMO seeds are cultivated naturally, while using gentle, chemical-free, clean cold press methods to ensure pure oils preserve and retain all nutrients, so we can pass them on to you! Description Wheat Germ Oil is a concentrated source of several essential nutrients including Vitamin E, folate (folic acid), phosphor, thiamin, zinc, and magnesium, as well as essential fatty acids and fatty alcohols. Supports the cell membranes of all tissues in the human body, especially those in the nervous system.* Supports the proper function of the cardiovascular system.* Helps protect material in the cell nucleus from free radicals.* Produced from wheat germ oil. Manufactured on equipment that was used to make products containing nuts. Wheat germ oil does not contain gluten. Should not be used in people who are allergic to any of the ingredients. What is wheat germ oil and where can I find it? Wheat germ oil is part of a wheat kernel and is responsible for helping the plant reproduce and spawn new wheat. Although it’s removed from most processed wheat products, it is a major nutritional component of whole grain wheat. Wheat germ oil, along with the husk, is removed from refined wheat products — like those that use white flour — so that they can be stored for longer. Wheat germ oil is added to some granolas, cereals, and cornbread, and it’s also available raw. It is a popular topping for fruit pies, yogurt, ice cream, and hot or cold cereal. It can be a healthier alternative to breadcrumbs in meatballs, meatloaf, and breading for meats. Wheat germ oil is also available in liquid and gelcap form. It can be used as a food additive or as a nutritional supplement. Weight management options have evolved Take our quiz to learn more about techniques and tips that will help you achieve your goals. What can wheat germ oil do for me? Wheat germ oil has excellent nutritional value as a food supplement, experts say. It’s a great source of vegetable proteins, along with fiber and healthy fats. It’s also a good source of magnesium, zinc, thiamin, folate, potassium, and phosphorus. Wheat germ oil is high in vitamin E, an essential nutrient with antioxidant properties. Antioxidants are believed to decrease free radicals in the body, and research suggestsTrusted Source natural sources of antioxidants are best for preventing disease. Some suggest that wheat germ oil can aid in boosting your immunity and help to keep your heart and cardiovascular system healthy. Research suggests that whole grains can reduce the risk of heart disease and help you maintain a healthy weight. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), there’s enough evidence to suggest that wheat germ oil can help control cholesterol levels. They say, however, that there isn’t enough evidence to back up some other claims, such as suggestions that it can protect the skin against premature aging, help blood pressure, aid in brain function, or aid in digestion. Wheat germ oil and flaxseed have both been used to maintain heart health in menopausal women. Some research suggests that wheat germ oil can also help treat menopausal symptoms, but the research is not conclusive. Avemar, a fermented wheat germ oil extract, is being explored as a treatment for cancer and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Are there any side effects? People who are gluten intolerant or have gluten allergies should avoid wheat germ oil supplements, as it contains gluten. People who are on a low-carb diet should be mindful of their portion of wheat germ oil, as one cup contains nearly 60 grams of carbohydrates. Wheat germ oil is rich in triglyceridesTrusted Source, a type of fat. People with heart disease, as well as people at a high risk of heart disease, should monitor their intake, as high triglycerides levels are linked with adverse health effects. Wheat germ oil extract can cause mild side effects in some people. These include diarrhea, nausea, gas, and dizziness. You should talk with your doctor about the benefits and risks of adding forms of wheat germ oil into your diet. Wheat germ oil sounds like a healthy product that you should keep in your kitchen. But many consumers keep it in the bathroom. What is wheat germ oil used for? According to many sources, the oil provides beauty benefits.1 Fans of the products use wheat germ oil for hair and skin health. But you can also use it in the kitchen if you choose. Nutrition Facts The following nutrition information is provided by the USDA for one tablespoon of wheat germ oil. Carbs in Wheat Germ Oil There are no carbohydrates in wheat germ oil. That means there is no starch, no fiber, and no sugar (added or naturally occurring) in this product. Wheat germ oil has a glycemic index (GI) of zero, and if consumed, a single serving of the product also has a glycemic load of zero. That means that the food has no effect on your blood sugar levels. As a reference, foods with a GI of 55 or below are considered low glycemic foods. Fats in Wheat Germ Oil The fat in wheat germ oil is what makes this product popular among healthy eaters and beauty buffs. Wheat germ oil provides polyunsaturated fat, considered to be a "good" fat. Polyunsaturated fat is liquid at room temperature and may boost heart health when you use it to replace less healthy fat (like saturated fat) in your diet. There are two different kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and wheat germ oil contains both of them. According to USDA data, you'll get 85 percent (just under 1 gram) of your daily recommended intake of α-linolenic acid (ALA) omega-3 fatty acids. And you'll get 62 percent (7 grams) of your recommended daily intake of linoleic acid or omega-6 fatty acids. You'll also get 2 grams of healthy monounsaturated fat in a single serving of wheat germ oil. You'll also get nearly 3 grams or 12 percent of your recommended daily intake of saturated fat, a fat that is considered to be less healthy. Protein in Wheat Germ Oil There is no protein in wheat germ oil. However, some healthy eaters may use wheat germ oil in marinades, in protein smoothies, or in yogurt to take advantage of the healthy fat that it provides. Micronutrients in Wheat Germ Oil If you consume a single serving of wheat germ oil you'll get 135 percent of your recommended daily intake of vitamin E. This vitamin is an antioxidant that may help neutralize potentially harmful free radicals in the body and provide protective benefits against certain diseases, like prostate cancer or Alzheimer's disease. However, research has provided mixed results, so health experts don't know for sure if consuming more vitamin E is beneficial.2 A single serving also provides a very small amount (4 percent of your recommended daily intake) of vitamin K, a vitamin that is essential for blood clotting purposes in the body. Health Benefits The health benefits of wheat germ oil come primarily from the healthy fat that it provides. However, it is important to remember that all fat—even healthy fat—is energy dense. That means it provides more calories per gram than carbohydrate or protein. While carbs and protein provide just four calories per gram, fat provides nine. So it is important to consume all fats in moderation if your goal is to reach or maintain a healthy weight. Hair and Skin Benefits Beauty buffs also use wheat germ oil to combat hair loss, dandruff, dry skin, wrinkles, lice, and premature aging. To gain the benefits of this oil on the skin and hair, consumers use the product topically. That means, they massage it into the scalp or mix it into conditioners or shampoo to apply to the hair. Unfortunately, however, there is not strong support from the scientific community about the use of wheat germ oil for hair or skin. According to one research review, "After so many years of research on vitamin E, it is still unclear as to whether millions of dollars worth of vitamin E products paid for by patients and consumers have been of any benefit."3 Common Questions What should I look for when purchasing wheat germ oil? Look for a product that has not been bleached or hydrogenated. This may not be an oil that you use very often so look for a smaller container unless you plan to use it often. How should I store wheat germ oil? Store the oil in an air-tight container in your pantry or in another cool dark place. The recommended temperature is 20-25°C or no more than 77 °F. Can I cook with wheat germ oil? Cooking or heating wheat germ oil causes it to lose its nutritional benefits. So frying with wheat germ oil is not recommended. However, you can use the oil in salad dressings, drizzle it on vegetables, pasta, or other dishes for a boost of flavor and omega-3 fatty acids. Recipes and Preparation Tips Because you won't want to cook with wheat germ oil, the uses of the product are somewhat limited. However, some people prefer to use wheat germ oil in salad dressings instead of olive oil. You can also use it as a substitute for other oils when making marinades for fish or meat. If you roast vegetables, you can drizzle wheat germ oil on your veggies after they are done cooking. And some die-hard fans of the oil even add it to smoothies. If you use wheat germ oil for beauty, simply blend a small amount into the skin or hair. Some consumers also blend the oil with other ingredients such as aloe vera or almond oil. Allergies and Interactions According to the Therapeutic Research Center's Natural Medicine's database, you may experience side effects when using wheat germ oil. The source reports that if you consume wheat germ oil in supplement form (orally) the product is usually well tolerated. However, topical use of vitamin E has been associated with contact dermatitis, inflammatory reactions, and other skin reactions. Also, if you are allergic to wheat, you should avoid wheat germ oil. According to the Food Allergy Research and Education Center, symptoms of a wheat allergy reaction can range from mild, such as hives, to severe, such as anaphylaxis. Allergic reactions can be unpredictable, and even very small amounts of wheat can cause one. It is the oil which has been extracted from the germ of wheat kernel. This oil is refined which possess high content of Vitamin E which acts as an antioxidant. It is rich in octacosanol which helps to enhance the physical performance and promotes the muscular energy. It is useful for rejuvenating, moisturizing and protecting mature and drying skin. This cooking oil is easily perishable and expensive. It is loaded with anti-aging and antioxidant properties that helps to prevent the health problems like cardiovascular disease, cancer etc. It also slows down the signs of aging such as wrinkles, fine lines and premature aging signs. Other common names for Wheat germ oil are Wheat oil, Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum. The color of this oil ranges from dark yellow to brown. It possess a heavy odor with nutty aroma. History Wheat plant is inherent to United States but now cultivated in China, North Africa, Southwest Asia, Turkey, Iran, Arabian Peninsula and South Europe. Wheat is one of the ancient grain crops which are known to the human beings. Firstly it was used for making brad since 4000 years ago when the wheat cultivation took place in Nile valley. It was spread across Asia by 4500 and then reached China. In 2000 BC, the wheat cultivation was started by English after it became substantial diet to Chinese and Egyptian civilizations. Nutritional value One cup of 218 grams of Wheat germ oil provides 1927 calories, 325.69 mg of Vitamin E, 218 g of Total lipid fat, 53.8 µg of Vitamin K and 43.6 mg of Choline. The same serving size also provides 40.984 g of total saturated fats, 0.218 g of myristic acid, 36.188 g of palmitic acid, 1.09 g of stearic acid, 32.918 g of total monounsaturated fats, 1.09 g of palmitoleic acid, 31.828 g of oleic acid, 134.506 g of total polyunsaturated fats, 119.464 g of linoleic acid, 15.042 g of linolenic acid and 1206 mg of phytosterols. Health Benefits of Wheat germ oil Wheat germ oil is an excellent source of Vitamin B complex, Vitamin B6, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and other nutrients. It has high content of nutritional value in comparison to other grains and vegetables. It is composed of about 25% of total nutrients and is loaded with numerous health benefits. This oil has omega-6 acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, lecithin, squalene and stearic fatty acids. It also possesses lecithin, protein, minerals and essential fatty acids. Due to the richness in minerals and vitamins, it keeps the body healthy from inside. Prevent health ailments Being a great source of Vitamin E, it helps to prevent hair fall, improper metabolic functions and cancer. The intake of Vitamin E or Wheat germ oil helps to avoid these problems. Heart health This oil is very helpful for maintaining heart health. It has good amount of Vitamin B complex that helps to normalize the flow of blood in the body. It has Omega-3 fatty acids that is helpful for maintaining heart health by lowering the cholesterol problems and normalizing the blood pressure. Repairs damage About 28% of protein is available in the wheat germ oil. It provides nutrients to the cells and repairs cell damage. It also assist in transporting vitamins, minerals and nutrients to the cells. Prevents aging process It consists of linoleic acid, phospholipids and Vitamin E that helps to maintain skin health. The application of wheat germ oil helps to prevent wrinkles and other signs of aging. It is a great source of antioxidants that prevents the damage caused by free radicals. Hair health The addition of Vitamin E to the diet helps to get healthy hair. The deficiency of Vitamin E in the body results in dry, rough and weak heair. Wheat germ oil is an excellent source of Vitamin E that helps to enhance the growth of hair and provides a healthy hair. It could be used in the form of capsules, oil or flakes. Provides energy Wheat germ oil has octacosanol which is a long chain, saturated and primary alcohol that helps to promote the muscular energy. It provides oxygen as well as energy while performing exercise so it is useful for sportspersons. Uplifts mood This oil helps to uplift mood due to the presence of Omega-3 fatty acids by regulating the nervous system. It has Vitamin B complex which helps to lower stress. Prevent miscarriage Wheat germ oil helps to prevent the birth defects such as miscarriage and impotence. So it is advised to take wheat germ oil during pregnancy. It also provides healthy red blood cells. Skin ailments Wheat germ oil prevents the skin conditions such as dry skin, eczema and psoriasis. The topical application of this oil helps to repair the skin. Wheat germ oil is used in the production of shampoos, soaps, anti-aging products, moisturizing creams, sunscreen lotions, fairness creams, foot creams and scar treatment products. Due to its moisturizing property, it is used in skin care products. It is combined with other carrier oils in aromatherapy to massage the skin. Wheat germ oil facts Wheat germ oil has been extracted from the germ of wheat kernel. The unrefined oil has high content of essential fatty acids, Vitamin E, regenerative and antioxidant properties. It is sticky, viscous oil having a rich and wheaty odor. Richness in Vitamin E, it possesses regenerative and an antioxidant property that benefits ageing skin and also counteracts free radicals. It has nourishing properties that treats dry skin and assist in forming new skin cells, heals scars and improves circulation. It is highly used as cooking oil which is easily perishable as well as expensive. Unrefined oil has strong aroma and thick consistency. Name Wheat germ oil Wheat germ oil is added in shampoos, soaps, anti-aging products, moisturizing creams, sunscreen lotions, fairness creams etc. It is combined with other carrier oils in aromatherapy. Wheat germ oil is a beneficial oil with a thousand and one virtues. It repairs and soothes injured fears and helps fight against skin aging. Wheat germ oil is the oil that contains the most Vitamin E. Represented by the amount of tocopherols, this vitamin is a powerful "antioxidant". Indeed, it helps fight against free radicals developed during external aggression (pollution, sun exposure, tobacco, etc.). Clearly, the skin is protected, it regains its radiance and youth. In our busy lives, we look for comprehensive solutions that can help us cope with multiple problems. One such very useful solution is wheat germ oil, which is extracted from the kernel of wheat grains. Wheat germ oil is a rich source of vitamin B6 and folic acid of the Vitamin B complex, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus and many other essential nutrients, and is a healthy addition to your diet. Wheat germ oil has a high nutritional value when compared to the other vegetables or grains. It constitutes almost 25% of the total nutrients of the wheat grain and hence is a pack of many health benefits. If you are wondering how it can help you, read on! Benefits Of Wheat Germ Oil: Given below are the top 10 wheat germ oil benefits which will tempt you to start including it in your diet. Wheat germ oil has antioxidant and anti-aging properties, which help in preventing many diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, etc. It also helps in reducing the signs of aging like fine lines and wrinkles, and also reduces premature aging signs. It preserves the texture of your skin and hair, and even protects your skin from damage. 2. Reduced Bad Cholesterol It lowers the bad cholesterol levels to a great extent and increases the blood circulation which, in turn, helps in keeping your heart healthy. The increased blood circulation also helps in making the skin and hair healthy. 3. Repairs Tissues Wheat germ oil contains vitamin B, which helps in repairing tissue damage and in tissue growth. It also helps minerals, vitamins and nutrients reach our cells. 4. Boosts Energy Wheat germ oil is high in a long chain, saturated, primary alcohol called octacosanol that improves the muscular energy. Thus, wheat germ oil is highly recommended for sportspersons. It gives energy and oxygen during exercise and makes you energetic too. [ Read: Benefits Of Wheatgrass Juice ] 5. Regulates Nervous System Wheat germ oil is also beneficial in lifting the mood as it contains the goodness of omega-3 fatty acids, which help in regulating the nervous system systematically. It makes you energetic and also reduces the stress to a great extent as it contains vitamin-B complex. 6. Prevents Birth Defects It also prevents many types of birth defects like impotence and miscarriages. It is high in vitamin E. Wheat germ oil is advisable even for pregnant women as it has many benefits and it also prevents birth defects. It also allows healthy red blood cells. 7. Prevents Skin Problems Wheat germ oil helps in providing you with a healthy skin as it prevents many skin problems like psoriasis, eczema, and dry skin. You can apply it topically – it will soothe and repair your skin. It contains vitamin E oil, which is considered to be very good for the skin. 8. Fights Fat Accumulation Wheat germ oil is a fat-fighter and, when used regularly, it helps in reducing the extra fat from the body. It can be part of any weight loss program as it gives you noticeable effects. [ Read: Amazing Benefits Of Almond Oil ] 9. Promotes Blood Sugar Level Wheat germ oil is rich in magnesium. Thus, when used regularly, it helps in promoting healthy blood sugar control, which is especially beneficial for diabetic patients. It helps in keeping the sugar levels under control and thus, controls diabetes to a great extent. 10. Improves Overall Health The regular consumption of wheat germ oil gives you a healthy, long and disease-free life. It prevents many diseases, reduces your stress, and makes you energetic. So, if you want to lead a healthy life, then do include three cups of wheat in your daily diet. Add wheat germ oil to your diet to get all the benefits mentioned above. You can also add it in the following ways: By baking in cookies, breads, waffles, etc. By sprinkling it over ice creams, soups, yogurt, salads, or cereals. Have you tried wheat germ oil ever?? If so, what do you use it for and how has it served you? And, if you’ve tried any of the above, let me know what your experience has been! Here’s Why You Should Use Wheat Germ Oil For Skin Ever tried using wheat germ oil for skin? It may not win a popularity contest among the carrier oils, but it’s worth a try! WHY USE WHEAT GERM OIL FOR SKIN? Wheat germ oil has very high levels of Vitamin E and you know how good that is for your skin! Actually, among all the vegetable oils, wheat germ oil has the highest Vitamin E content. Besides the vitamin, the oil contains fatty acids like linoleic (omega-6), palmitic, and oleic (omega-9) acids. Plus it has vitamins A and D and minerals. That combo is the reason why you should use the oil for skin… they can work magic on dry skin crying out for help… like my cracked heels right now. WHEAT GERM OIL BENEFITS 1. IT IS A GREAT MOISTURIZER Wheat germ oil locks in moisture so it prevents dryness and eases itchy, flaky skin. That makes the oil perfect for elbows, knees and heels. The oil is also great for hair too… Use it to moisturize your hair follicles. 2. VITAMIN E DOES WONDERS Is Vitamin E serum already in your skin care routine? It’s in mine! The vitamin is antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and definitely calms red, angry skin. Actually, take a look at this study from Iran. It found natural remedies like wheat germ oil, flaxseed oil, black seed oil, and violet oil can ease psoriasis symptoms. So, use wheat germ oil to calm psoriasis spots and other inflammatory skin conditions (patch test first though!). 3. IT HELPS WITH BLOOD CIRCULATION I don’t know how. The scientists aren’t so sure either. But they’ve found that massaging wheat germ oil on your skin improves circulation. Maybe it’s because there’s more blood flow to the skin so more oxygen gets in there. Needless to say, the oil leaves your skin looking radiant. Add a little lavender oil too for a great smelling massage blend. Get wheat germ oil: And pin this: Benefits of Wheat Germ Oil for Skin Here’s Why You Should Use Wheat Germ Oil for Skin | #wheatgermoil #carrieroil SKIP THE OIL IF YOU HAVE ACNE There’s this scale for rating vegetable oils that cause acne. It’s called a comedogenic rating. Wheat germ oil has the highest rating – meaning it is likely to cause acne. So, if you have acne prone skin, skip using wheat germ oil. Also, if you have Celiac disease, you should avoid the oil too. Wheat germ oil has gluten in it. I don’t think the oil has gluten, but it’s better to be safe and avoid it if you have gluten allergies. Or patch test to make sure you aren’t reacting to the oil. If you are not acne-prone or sensitive, wheat germ oil will be a great oily friend to your skin… especially during winter! Have you ever used the oil before? I’d love to hear your thoughts! Wheat Germ Oil: But did you know that the ubiquitous cereal grain in pretty much every single Indian kitchen – wheat – also produces an oleaginous residue? Buy Our Top-Selling Wheat Germ Oil Skincare Products And Health Supplements Today, For The Optimal Well-Being Of You And Your Family! Yes, besides being used as atta – the whole wheat flour - to make soft rotis, parathas and bread, as well as maida – the refined powder – to roll fluffy pooris, bhaturas and bake light, moist cakes, the humble grass, in addition, offers wheat germ oil. So What Exactly Is Wheat Germ Oil? Wheat germ oil is essentially the embryo of the seeds, from which the whole crop sprouts. Unlike the refined grain which loses its original nutrient value, the germ portion contains vast reserves of healthful compounds, which are retained in the oil, that is obtained by pressing and extraction processes of the kernels. wheat germ oil benefits for enhanced health Wheat Germ Oil Nutrition Facts: A wonderful gift from Mother Nature, wheat germ oil is a treasure trove of nutritional elements. It comprises significant amounts of healthy fats, plant proteins and fibers, apart from being inherently rich in vitamins E, A, D, K and minerals like potassium, zinc and iron. Moreover, wheat germ oil abounds in potent antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory constituents. Wheat Germ Oil Health Benefits: Lowers LDL Cholesterol Wheat germ oil houses massive quantities of omega 3 fatty acids, which regulate metabolism and lipid breakdown, absorption in the body. This helps to elevate the good HDL cholesterol, while bringing down the bad LDL cholesterol in the bloodstream, thereby minimizing the risk of heart attacks and other associated ailments. It also stimulates cardiac muscle workings and blood circulation in the system. Boosts Energy Capacity The goodness of octacosanol – a long-chain fatty acid with an alcoholic end segment, in wheat germ oil assists in building strength in core muscles, aside from tremendously increasing stamina and resilience. Taking wheat germ oil supplements once a day an hour before a workout immensely bolsters performance in physical activities. Keep in mind to consult with a nutritionist or doctor before consuming nutritive capsules. Slows Down Ageing Wheat germ oil is indeed an elixir for skin wellness. Packed with advantageous antioxidants, apart from the trace mineral zinc, it effectively treats dryness, acne, dark spots, scars and is a superb organic remedy for eczema. Just a few drops of this miraculous tincture is enough, to decrease free radical damage to skin cells, thus diminishing signs of ageing like wrinkles, fine lines and giving a youthful, unblemished appearance. Prevents Hair Fall Infused with ample volumes of vitamin E, along with myriad antimicrobial agents, wheat germ oil is a blessing for a host of hair-related woes. These wholesome components transport vital nutrients to hair roots or follicles, to increase growth, thickness of locks, apart from efficiently getting rid of da

SYNONYMS WHEAT GERM EXTRACT;WHEAT GERM OIL;Triticumvulgareoleum,refined;Wheatgermoilrefined CAS NO: 8006-95-9 SYNONYMS WHEAT GERM EXTRACT;WHEAT GERM OIL;Triticumvulgareoleum,refined;Wheatgermoilrefined CAS NO: 8006-95-9

SYNONYMS ewanol WG; ewanol WG-G; lipovol WGO; triticum vulgare germ oil; wheat germ oil;wheat germ oil (solvent free, refined);wheat germ ref USA; wheat germ unref israel; wheat husk oil; ewanol WR-E ( wheat-germ oil, refined ph. eur. 7.0 w. 0.3% nat. vitamin E);ewanol WR (wheat-germ oil, refined ph. eur. 7.0); cropure wheatgerm; wheatgerm oil organic; wheatgerm oil triticum spp, USA; wheatgerm oil triticum vulgare CAS NO:68917-73-7

White Oil 70#; PARAFFIN OIL, WHITE; PARAFFIN OIL; MINERAL OIL, WHITE; MINERAL OIL; slaboil(obs.); white; whitemineraloil(petroleum) cas no: 8042-47-5

Whey, proteins; Alacen; Daiichilacto; Lacprodan 80; Lacprodan 80;GSH Complex CAS NO: 91082-88-1

whipped cream; Whipped topping concentrates

Wingtack® EXTRA; Wingtack® EXTRA Flake; Wingtack® EXTRA Pastille; Wingtack® EXTRA Molten; WT EXTRA cas no: 62258-49-5

SYNONYMS C1-C6 N-PARAFFINS;BAYOL F;NUJOL;OIL;OIL BATH FILLING;OIL, MINERAL;PARAFFIN LIQUID;PARAFFIN CAS NO:8012-95-1

coating integrendt; coated precipitated calcium carbonate ; calcium carbonate cas no: 471-34-1

Corn sugar gum; Xanthan; Gum xanthan; Polysaccharide gum; thickener food grade xanthan gum; Petrochemical Xanthan Gum; Tarazine; RHODOPOL 23; XANTHAN; XANTHAN GUM; XANTEMPO™ xanthangumfromxanthomonascampestris CAS NO:11138-66-2

Witch hazel extract liquid is an alcoholic extract from the leaves, flowers and bark of the hamamelis tree.
Witch hazel extract liquid is a great ingredient for use in your cosmetic and medicinal preparations.
Witch hazel extract liquid is well-known for its astringent properties, which help tighten and tone the skin.

CAS Number: 84696-19-5
EINECS number: 283-637-9

Witch hazel extract liquid, contains 20% extract dissolved in water and glycerin.
Witch hazel extract liquid has been found to have anti-irritant and soothing properties.
Witch hazel extract liquid is a natural botanical extract derived from the leaves, bark, and twigs of the witch hazel plant, scientifically known as Hamamelis virginiana.

Witch hazel extract liquid is a popular ingredient in various skincare and cosmetic products due to its astringent and soothing properties.
Witch hazel extract liquid is obtained through a process called steam distillation, where the plant material is heated to release the volatile compounds, which are then condensed to form the liquid extract.
The extract contains several active components, including tannins, flavonoids, and volatile oils, which contribute to its therapeutic effects.

When applied topically, it can help reduce excess oil, minimize the appearance of pores, and temporarily tighten the skin.
Witch hazel extract liquid is often used in facial toners, cleansers, and a variety of skincare products.

Additionally, Witch hazel extract liquid has soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for various skin conditions such as acne, eczema, and insect bites.
It can help reduce redness, inflammation, and itching, providing relief to irritated skin.

Witch hazel extract liquid can also be used as a natural remedy for minor cuts, scrapes, and bruises.
Its astringent properties can help constrict blood vessels and promote healing.
Witch Hazel Liquid Extract – Standardized is a liquid blend of Witch Hazel extract and Propanediol produced through a unique manufacturing technology.

Witch hazel extract liquid is mild enough to be used alone or Witch hazel extract liquid can be combined with others.
Commercial witch hazel often contains more alcohol than real witch hazel and is distilled only.
Witch Hazel Extract is a plant extract derived from the leaves of the Witch Hazel (Hamamelis Virgi-niana) shrub, that is known for its fragrant winter flowers & woody fruit capsules.

Mainly used as a distillate in soothing and toning products.
Contains 20% extract dissolved in water and glycerin. Found to have anti-irritating and soothing properties. Has skin-cleansing and toning effects.
Plant extract derived from the leaves of the Witch Hazel (Hamamelis Virgi-niana) shrub, that is known for its fragrant winter flowers & woody fruit capsules.

Witch hazel extract liquid is commonly used in skincare products such as toners, cleansers, and facial mists.
Witch hazel extract liquid is believed to help balance oil production, cleanse the skin, and remove excess dirt and impurities.
It is also used as a natural alternative to harsher astringents.

The anti-inflammatory properties of witch hazel extract make it useful in soothing various skin irritations.
It can help calm redness, irritation, and inflammation associated with conditions like acne, dermatitis, razor burn, and sunburn.
Applying witch hazel extract topically can provide a cooling and soothing sensation.

Witch hazel extract liquid contains flavonoids and other antioxidants that help protect the skin from free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells.
Antioxidants can help neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress on the skin, promoting a healthier complexion.

Witch hazel extract has mild hemostatic properties, meaning it can help constrict blood vessels and reduce bleeding.
It has traditionally been used to help control minor bleeding from cuts, scrapes, and minor wounds.
However, for more severe or deep wounds, it's important to seek appropriate medical attention.

Witch hazel extract liquid is derived from the witch hazel plant, which is native to North America.
It is often marketed as a natural and gentle alternative to synthetic skincare ingredients.
However, it's important to note that some commercially available witch hazel products may contain additional ingredients, so it's always a good idea to check the product label.

Witch hazel extract liquid is generally stable and has a relatively long shelf life when stored properly.
It is typically recommended to store it in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
However, it's always a good idea to check the specific product instructions for storage recommendations.

One of natures best astringents, there is probably no better tonic or toner for skin care preparations.
Witch hazel extract liquid, a clear, yellow to brown extract from organic witch hazel using organic glycerin as the method of extraction.
Witch hazel extract liquid is a distillate prepared from freshly cut and partially dried dormant branches of Hamamelis virginiana.

Witch hazel extract liquid is a natural astringent and has antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Witch hazel extract liquid are deciduous shrubs or (rarely) small trees growing to 3 to 7.5 m tall, even more rarely to 12 m tall.
The leaves are alternately arranged, oval, 5 to 15 cm long, and 2.5 to 10 cm wide, with a smooth or wavy margin.

Witch hazel extract is a clear liquid distilled from the twigs and bark of the witch hazel tree (Hamamelis virginiana).
This beautiful tree flourishes in the Northeastern United States, and the certified organic witch hazel extract that we offer is collected and distilled domestically.

The genus name, Hamamelis, means "together with fruit", referring to the simultaneous occurrence of flowers with the maturing fruit from the previous year.
H. virginiana blooms in September–November while the other species bloom from January–March.
Each flower has four slender strap-shaped petals 1 to 2 cm long, pale to dark yellow, orange, or red.

The fruit is a two-part capsule 1 cm long, containing a single 0.6 cm glossy black seed in each of the two parts; the capsule splits explosively at maturity in the autumn about eight months after flowering, ejecting the seeds with sufficient force to fly for distances of up to 9 m, thus another alternative name "snapping hazel
Witch hazel extract liquid is an alcoholic extract obtained from the leaves and flowers of the witch hazel tree.

Witch hazel extract liquid is a clear, colorless distillate prepared from the leaves of Hamamelis Virginiana.
Witch hazel extract liquid is a natural astringent and has antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal properties.
A witch hazel liquid soap that provides long-lasting hydration, helps soothe irritated or irritated skin, gently cleanses, deeply moisturizes.

Witch hazel extract liquid acts as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substance.
Witch hazel extract liquid is the extract of witch hazel leaves of hamamelis virginiana.
Witch Hazel is native to North America.

Witch hazel extract liquid offers benefits and functions that include enhanced softening, enhanced viscosity, non-irritating properties, outstanding sensory properties, clarity, and anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.
The characteristic color of Witch hazel essence liquid fills natural cosmetic formulations with its innate hue.
The colors of the witch hazel extract liquid used to be only artificial, and often artificially obtained.

Objectionable ingredients can now be obtained with plant-based ingredients that not only give their beneficial skin.
Witch hazel extract liquid, health-boosting properties, but also individual natural colors.
Witch hazel extract liquid is an astringent herb that is usually extracted in a mixture of alcoholic water to facilitate complete healing.

Witch hazel extract liquid has a high degree of water solubility as supplied, however, Witch hazel extract liquid is a cloudy-brown solution indicates that the extract will not dissolve completely.
Witch hazel extract liquid contains tannic acid, kaempferol, quercetin and caffeoylquinic acid as active compounds.
The liquid with witch hazel extract has good effects on skin injuries and provides skin toning.

Witch hazel extract is often used as a toner and cleanser for the skin.
It helps remove excess oil, dirt, and makeup residue, leaving the skin feeling refreshed and clean.
Its astringent properties can help tighten pores and reduce the appearance of blemishes.

Witch hazel extract can also be beneficial for scalp and hair care.
Witch hazel extract liquid is believed to help balance the scalp's pH levels, soothe scalp irritation, and reduce dandruff.
It is sometimes used as an ingredient in natural shampoos, conditioners, and hair sprays.

Witch hazel extract's soothing properties make it a popular choice for post-shaving care.
Applying it to the skin after shaving can help calm irritation, reduce redness, and prevent razor bumps.
Witch hazel extract is known for its use in treating hemorrhoids.

Witch hazel extract liquids astringent and anti-inflammatory properties can help reduce itching, swelling, and discomfort associated with hemorrhoids.
It is often available as medicated pads or wipes for convenient application.
In addition to its use for specific skin conditions, witch hazel extract can provide general relief for minor skin irritations like itching, rashes, and insect bites.

Witch hazel extract liquid can help soothe the affected area and alleviate discomfort.
Due to its versatility and gentle nature, witch hazel extract is often used as a natural ingredient in homemade skincare products.
DIY enthusiasts often incorporate it into facial masks, homemade toners, and other formulations.

Witch hazel extract is meant for external use only and should not be ingested.
It is important to avoid contact with the eyes and to keep it out of reach of children.
While witch hazel extract is generally well-tolerated, some individuals may be allergic or sensitive to it.

Witch hazel extract liquid is advisable to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before using it more extensively.
Witch hazel extract liquid is an herbal extract obtained from the leaves of the Witch Hazel (Hamamelis Virgi-niana) bush, namely.

This means that there is no preservative in this ingredient although a suitable preservative should be used when it is combined into a product.
The original color of witch hazel extract liquid is brown to dark brown; but there is a possibility that this color will change, it depends on the formulation it is added to.
Witch hazel extract liquid is a skin soothing agent Native Americans shared with the first European settlers who quickly adopted it.

There are a number of different extraction and distillation methods that various brands use to create witch hazel extract liquid.
Witch hazel extract liquid is a distilled liquid made from dried witch hazel bark, leaves, and relatively inert twigs.
Witch hazel extract liquid is suitable for oily and dry mature skin and contains 86% aqueous witch hazel extract and 14% alcohol that acts as a Preservative.

Witch hazel extract liquid is an alcoholic extract obtained from the leaves and flowers of the witch hazel tree.
However, the organic witch hazel extract line offered by Mountain Rose Herbs is superior in both quality and potency.
Witch hazel extract liquid is distilled from the twigs and bark of the witch hazel tree.

Witch hazel extract liquid is recommended to use Witch hazel extract liquid at a concentration of 1-60%.
Witch hazel extract liquid is soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerol but insoluble in oil.
Witch hazel extract liquid is a clear, colorless botanical extract prepared from dormant plants that are freshly cut and partially dried.

This plant is native to North America, from Nova Scotia in the west to Ontario, Canada and south to Florida and Texas.
Witch hazel extract liquid is obtained by vaporizing the branches of the bush.
Extraction Method: Double distillation with water and organic cane alcohol.

Witch Hazel has been used for treating bruises, a variety of skin problems incoluding dermatitis and acne, haemorrhoids, sunburn, varicose veins and wrinkles.
It is a potent astringent and contains generous amounts of tannins which are excellent for skin conditions.
Studies have suggested it also increases the tone of the blood vessels in the skin which enhances blood supply to damaged areas.

FDA 21 CFR: 347.12
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 101I4J0U34

Extract from the leaves of the nut bush-like magic tree is often referred to as Witch hazel extract liquid.
Witch hazel extract liquid contains almost no tannins (only 0.04%) and the most active ingredient in the leaves, antibacterial gallic acid.
Witch hazel extract liquid diarrhea, mucous colitis, vomiting blood, coughing up blood, tuberculosis, common cold, fever, tumors and cancer.

Some people apply Witch hazel extract liquid directly to the skin for itching, pain and swelling (inflammation), eye inflammation, skin injury.
Mucous membrane inflammation, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, bruises, insect bites, minor burns and other skin irritations.
In manufacturing, Witch hazel extract liquid leaf extract, bark extract and witch hazel juice are used as astringent to tighten the skin.

They are also included in some medications to give these products the ability to slow or stop bleeding.
These medications are used to treat insect bites, stings, teething, hemorrhoids, itching, irritation, and minor pain.
Free of sulfates, parabens, perfumes and dyes Naturally moisturizing and moisturizing Witch hazel extract liquid is a natural extract also referred to by its botanical name Hamamelis virginiana linné.

Witch hazel extract liquid is 100% naturally distilled, formulated with 14% natural grain alcohol and harvested from a wild plant.
These methods make a big difference in how the final product will affect the skin.
Also, Witch Hazel extract liquid itself is just one of the ingredients it can have when paired with some other natural ingredients.

Besides being an effective natural astringent, Witch Hazel extract liquid is antioxidant and helps to improve the skin barrier.
Most witch hazel extracts are distilled or otherwise extracted using alcohol.
Witch hazel extract liquid works by absorbing moisture from the air and fixing it deep within the skin layers.

Witch hazel extract liquid also works by creating a protective barrier on the skin that helps retain moisture.
Witch hazel extract liquid works by increasing the skin's natural moisture holding capacity to give your skin a beautiful appearance.
The astringent properties of witch hazel extract liquid come from tannins.

The way the Witch Hazel extract liquid in your skin care products is made really makes a big difference in how it will turn out.
Witch hazel is an astringent with anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. It may help relieve inflammation and fight acne, among other uses.
Witch hazel is a plant with powerful medicinal properties that can be used in a variety of ways.

Witch hazel extract liquid is a liquid distilled from the dried leaves, bark and partially dormant twigs of Hamamelis.
Plant extract derived from the leaves of the Witch Hazel (Hamamelis Virgi-niana) shrub, that is known for it’s fragrant winter flowers & woody fruit capsules.
Witch hazel contains chemicals called tannins.

Witch hazel extract liquid is a clear, colorless distillate prepared from recently cut and partially dried dormant twigs.
This creates a protective coating that increases resistance to inflammation and promotes healing of broken skin.
Witch hazel is a very useful herb for inflammatory and sensitive skin conditions such as eczema.

Witch hazel extract liquid is mainly used in cases where the skin is not significantly broken and helps to protect the affected skin.
Witch Hazel is an alcoholic extract obtained from the leaves, flowers and bark of the witch hazel tree.

Witch hazel extract liquid contains chemicals called tannins.
When applied directly to the skin, witch hazel can help reduce swelling, repair cracked skin and fight bacteria.
Witch hazel extract liquid is a natural alcohol extract derived from Witch tree leaves, flowers or bark extract.

Witch hazel extract liquid is a leathery, deciduous shrub native to the eastern United States.
The bottoms of the leaves are dull gray, and the upward-facing surfaces are bright green.
Witch hazel extract liquid is easy to recognize in the woods in the fall because witch hazel is covered while other trees lose their leaves.

Witch hazel extract liquid is a small tree or shrub belonging to the family Hamamelidaceae.
The Witch hazel extract liquid grows between 1.5 and 3.5 m in height.
The flowers are yellow outside and yellowish brown inside, with four characteristic thread-like petals about 2 cm long.

Witch hazel extract liquid is a liquid distilled from the dried leaves, bark and partially dormant twigs of witch hazel.
Witch hazel extract liquid contains chemicals called tannins.
When applied directly to the skin, witch hazel can help reduce swelling, repair cracked skin and fight bacteria.

One of nature's best astringents, there is probably no better toner or toner for skin care products.
Witch hazel extract liquid is often used in products such as aftershave lotions, and Witch hazel extract liquid looks light.

Witch hazel extract liquid primarily contains polyphenols, including tannins, phenolic acids and flavonoids, and is natural.
Witch hazel extract liquid is a woodland tree native to Canada and the eastern United States.

Witch hazel has been used by Native Americans for centuries against bleeding and inflammation.
Witch hazel extract liquid contains large amounts of tannins.
They have a drying, astringent effect, causing the proteins in the skin and on the surface of abrasions to tighten.

Mainly used as a distillate in soothing and toning products. Contains 20% extract dissolved in water and glycerin.
Witch hazel extract liquid is a leathery, deciduous shrub native to the eastern United States.
The bottoms of the leaves are dull gray, and the upward-facing surfaces are bright green.

Witch hazel extract liquidis easy to recognize in the woods in the fall because witch hazel is covered while other trees lose their leaves.
Witch hazel extract liquid is a clear, colorless distillate prepared from recently cut and partially dried dormant twigs.
Hamamelis virginiana is a shrub native to North America.

Witch hazel extract liquid is distilled from the leaves, flowers and bark of the Hamamelis tree.
One of nature's best astringents, there is probably no better toner and toner for skin care products.

Witch hazel extract liquid is especially beneficial for oily and problematic skin due to its gentle nature.
Plant based Witch Hazel extract liquid is an NPA approved, biodegradable and petrochemical free solvent.

Uses
Witch hazel extract liquid (Hamamelis virginiana)(hamamelis; winterbloom) is traditionally used in the topical treatment of burns, sunburns, skin irritation, insect bites, and bruises.
Witch hazel extract liquid has excellent medicinal properties and is widely used in American folk medicine.
Witch hazel extract liquid can be found in cosmetics, medicine and as part of various herbal tea blends.

Witch hazel extract liquid has powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties that neutralize free radicals and protect your skin against acne, eczema or psoriasis.
Witch hazel extract liquid is especially beneficial for sensitive skin because witch hazel extract liquid can be used for treatment.
Witch hazel extract is widely used as a natural toner to cleanse and tighten the skin.

Witch hazel extract liquid helps remove excess oil, dirt, and impurities while temporarily shrinking the appearance of pores.
Witch hazel extract is a popular ingredient in facial cleansers as it effectively removes dirt, makeup residue, and pollutants from the skin.
It can leave the skin feeling refreshed and clean.

The astringent and anti-inflammatory properties of witch hazel extract make it beneficial for acne-prone skin.
Witch hazel extract liquid can help reduce excess oil, soothe inflammation, and minimize the appearance of blemishes.
Witch hazel extract can provide relief for various skin irritations, such as itching, rashes, and insect bites.

Witch hazel extract liquid has a cooling and soothing effect on the skin, which can help alleviate discomfort.
Witch hazel extract liquid can be applied topically to sunburned skin to help soothe inflammation and reduce redness.
It may provide temporary relief from sunburn symptoms.

Witch hazel extract is commonly used for the relief of hemorrhoids.
Witch hazel extract liquids astringent and anti-inflammatory properties can help reduce itching, swelling, and discomfort associated with hemorrhoids.
Witch hazel extract can be beneficial for scalp health and hair care.

Witch hazel extract liquid can help balance the scalp's pH levels, soothe scalp irritation, and reduce dandruff.
Some people use it as a natural hair rinse or incorporate it into DIY hair care recipes.
Witch hazel extract is often used as an aftershave treatment to soothe the skin and reduce razor burn.

Witch hazel extract liquid can help calm irritation, close pores, and provide a refreshing sensation.
Witch hazel extract has mild antiseptic properties and can be used topically on minor cuts, scrapes, and bruises.
It may help cleanse the wound and promote healing.

Witch hazel extract is a versatile ingredient in DIY skincare products.
Witch hazel extract liquid can be incorporated into homemade facial masks, toners, cleansers, and other formulations.
It is credited with anti-inflammatory, astringent, and wound-healing properties.

Witch hazel extract liquid is often used for its anti-itching, softening, and emollient properties.
Witch hazel extract liquid can also be used in facial toners and spritzes.
Skin and hair care products, facial cleansers, toners, shampoos and conditioners, moisturizers, aftershave and deodorants, antiperspirants.

Antiseptic and astringent properties that cool and soothe the skin great for beauty, hair removal and general first aid use.
Suitable for application after any hair removal, including electrolysis, laser, IPL, nap, waxing, threading.

In addition, anti-free radical activity is now associated with witch hazel, thereby helping counter the damaging effects of uVA, while acting as an absorber of both uVA and uVB.
Witch hazel extract liquid is frequently used in products like after shave lotions, where it shows mildly styptic properties as well as helping to reduce razor burn and swelling through its cool soothing sensation.

Ideal applications for Witch hazel extract liquid are in sun preparations, after-sun preparations, and creams that strive to regenerate overstrained skin.
Personal care applications in both cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
Witch hazel extract liquid is used in all kinds of ointments, creams, lotions and potions.

Witch hazel extract liquid can also be used in a wide variety of applications such as stings, bites and more.
Witch hazel extract liquid was widely used by early Native Americans for medicinal purposes.
Witch hazel extract liquid can also relieve inflammation, which can be beneficial in reducing scalp irritation.

Witch hazel extract liquid is sometimes used as a natural treatment to treat dandruff and other scalp issues, including scalp issues.
Witch Hazel Distillate regulates oil production, eliminates excess sebum, nourishes, firms, tones, soothes and reduces.
Witch hazel extract liquid is often used as a natural treatment to relieve the discomfort and suffering it causes.

Many people report that witch hazel extract helps with all sorts of ailments, from muscle aches to insect bites.
It can be formulated effectively into gels as an anti-septic preparation for treating impure, greasy skin as well as acne.
Witch hazel extract liquid has been used as an analgesic after postpartum episiotomy or perineal trauma.

Witch hazel extract liquid is sometimes used to heal a sore throat due to its ability to reduce inflammation and serve as a sedative.
Witch hazel extract liquid has been used for a variety of cosmetic applications for over a century.
Witch hazel liquid is widely used for skin care in cleansers and toner products, as well as for hair and body care.

Witch hazel extract liquid is also used in deodorants, aftershave lotions, wet wipes, soaps, creams and other products.
Witch hazel extract liquid is commonly used for dermatological conditions, including diaper-related dermatitis; Still, clinical studies supporting these uses are often lacking.
Witch hazel extract can be used to soothe tired and puffy eyes.

Witch hazel extract can be used to clean and strengthen nails.
It can help remove dirt and residue from the nails and cuticles, and its astringent properties may promote healthier, stronger nails.

Witch hazel extract can be applied topically to sun-exposed skin to help cool and soothe the skin after sun exposure.
Witch hazel extract liquid may provide relief from sunburn discomfort and help prevent peeling.

Witch hazel extract is sometimes used as a natural ingredient in DIY deodorant recipes.
Its astringent properties can help minimize sweat and odor by temporarily tightening the skin.
Witch hazel extract may be used topically to help alleviate discomfort associated with varicose veins.

Witch hazel extract liquids astringent properties can help reduce swelling and improve blood circulation in affected areas.
Witch hazel extract is commonly used by women after childbirth to soothe and provide relief to the perineal area.
It can help reduce swelling and discomfort associated with episiotomies or tearing.

Witch hazel extract, when diluted with water, can be used as a mouth rinse for oral health.
It may help reduce gum inflammation and soothe oral sores.
Witch hazel extract can be used in pet care for various purposes.

Witch hazel extract liquid may help soothe itchy skin, clean minor wounds, or act as a natural ear cleaner for pets.
Witch hazel extract's cleansing properties make it a useful ingredient in homemade cleaning solutions.
It can be added to natural cleaning recipes for surfaces, glass, and more.

The pleasant scent of witch hazel extract makes it suitable for use in aromatherapy.
It can be added to diffusers or used in homemade room sprays to create a calming and refreshing atmosphere.
Some sources cite a recommended dosage of 2 to 5 percent for use in formulations.

Witch hazel extract liquid has been evaluated for uses including analgesic, antiseptic, antioxidant, and antitumor activity.
It is obtained from the leaves and bark of the plant.
Its primary constituents are tannins and saponins. other constituents include volatile oil and gallic acid, with flavonoids also present in the leaves.

Skin Sensitivity:
Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to witch hazel extract.
It's recommended to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before using it extensively.
If you experience any adverse reactions such as redness, itching, or swelling, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

Eye Contact:
Witch hazel extract should be kept away from the eyes, as it may cause irritation if it comes into direct contact.
If accidental contact occurs, rinse thoroughly with water and seek medical attention if necessary.

Ingestion:
Witch hazel extract is intended for external use only and should not be ingested.
It is not meant to be consumed orally and can be toxic if ingested.
If swallowed, seek immediate medical help or contact a poison control center.

Product Purity:
When purchasing witch hazel extract or products containing it, it's important to ensure the product is of high quality and free from contaminants.
Always buy from reputable sources and check the product's ingredients and manufacturing processes.

Interaction with Medications:
If you are using any topical or oral medications, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before using witch hazel extract.
Some medications may interact with the active components of witch hazel extract, potentially affecting their effectiveness or causing adverse reactions.

Extended Use:
While witch hazel extract is generally safe for short-term use, prolonged or excessive use may cause dryness, irritation, or skin sensitization.
It's best to follow the recommended usage guidelines and consult with a professional if using it for an extended period.

Alcohol Content:
Some commercially available witch hazel extract products may contain alcohol as a preservative.
If you have dry or sensitive skin, alcohol-based formulations may be drying or irritating.

Synonyms
WITCH HAZEL EXTRACT
84696-19-5
hamamelis androgyna leaf oil
hamamelis corylifolia leaf oil
hamamelis dioica leaf oil
hamamelis macrophylla leaf oil
hamamelis virginiana fo. parvifolia leaf oil
hamamelis virginiana fo. rubescens leaf oil
hamamelis virginiana leaf oil
hamamelis virginiana var. angustifolia leaf oil
hamamelis virginiana var. orbiculata leaf oil
hamamelis virginica var. macrophylla leaf oil
hamamelis virginica var. parvifolia leaf oil
trilopus dentata leaf oil
trilopus estivalis leaf oil
trilopus nigra leaf oil
trilopus nigra var. catesbiana leaf oil
trilopus parvifolia leaf oil
trilopus rotundifolia leaf oil
trilopus virginica leaf oil

Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, known as Witconate AOS-12, is a versatile surfactant widely used in various industries.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is derived from alpha olefins and sulfonated to produce a highly effective cleaning agent.

CAS Number: 68439-57-6
EC Number: 270-407-8

Synonyms: Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt, AOS, Sodium AOS, AOS-12, Witconate AOS, Witconate AOS-12, Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Alpha-Olefins Sulfonate, Sodium C12-16 Olefin Sulfonate, AOS-40, AOS-30, Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium C14-17 Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Alkene Sulfonate, Sodium C14-15 Olefin Sulfonate, Alpha-Sulfoalkanes, Sodium Salt, Alpha-Sulfoalkanes, C14-16-Olefin-Sulfonate, Sodium Salt, Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt, Witconate AOS-30, Witconate AOS-40, AOS-23, Sodium C14-15 Olefin Sulfonate, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt, Liquid, Sodium Olefin Sulfonate, Witconate AOS-23, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, AOS-12 (Sodium Salt), Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Liquid, Sodium Salt, Witconate AOS-60, AOS-18, AOS-25, Sodium Alpha-Olefin Sulfonate, Witconate AOS-25, AOS-15, Sodium Alpha-Olefins Sulfonate, Sodium C14-C16 Olefin Sulfonate, Alpha-Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt, Alpha-Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt, Liquid, Alpha-Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt, Solution, Alpha-Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt, 35% Solution, Sodium C12-C14 Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium C14-C16 Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium C14-C17 Olefin Sulfonate, Alpha-Olefin Sulfonate, 35% Solution, Sodium Salt, Alpha-Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt, 40% Solution, Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, 40% Solution, Sodium Salt, Alpha-Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt, 25% Solution, Sodium C12-C15 Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium C14-C15 Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium C14-C17 Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, 40% Solution, Sodium Salt, Witconate AOS-15, Witconate AOS-18, Witconate AOS-25, Witconate AOS-35, Witconate AOS-40, Witconate AOS-60.



APPLICATIONS


Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is commonly used in the formulation of shampoos to provide effective cleansing and foaming properties.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is a key ingredient in body washes and shower gels, contributing to their ability to remove dirt and oils from the skin.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is utilized in liquid hand soaps for its gentle yet efficient cleansing action.

In dishwashing liquids, Witconate AOS-12 helps to cut through grease and food residue, leaving dishes clean and shiny.
Laundry detergents often contain this surfactant to remove stains and dirt from fabrics during the washing process.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is added to hard surface cleaners to aid in the removal of tough stains and grime from countertops, floors, and other surfaces.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is used in automotive cleaners, including car wash soaps, to effectively clean vehicle exteriors.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is a common ingredient in pet shampoos and grooming products due to its mildness and cleansing properties.

Witconate AOS-12 is employed in industrial cleaning formulations for degreasing and general cleaning purposes.
In agricultural applications, it is used in pesticide formulations to improve spreading and wetting on plant surfaces.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is found in air fresheners and fabric refreshers to aid in odor removal and freshening.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is utilized in carpet and upholstery cleaners to lift dirt and stains from fibers without damaging the material.

Witconate AOS-12 is added to foaming bath products such as bubble baths and bath bombs for a luxurious and bubbly bath experience.
In personal care products like facial cleansers and makeup removers, it helps to effectively cleanse the skin without stripping away natural oils.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is incorporated into shaving creams and gels to provide lubrication and foam for a smooth shave.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is used in hand sanitizers and antibacterial soaps for its ability to create a lather and aid in cleansing.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is added to hair styling products such as mousses and gels to enhance texture and provide hold.

In textile processing, it is used as a wetting agent to aid in the penetration of dyes and chemicals into fabrics.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is employed in the formulation of foaming cleansers for use in the foodservice industry.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is added to industrial degreasers and cleaners for cleaning equipment and machinery in manufacturing facilities.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is used in the formulation of household and industrial floor cleaners to remove dirt and stains from floors.

In carpet shampoo formulations, it helps to loosen dirt and debris from carpet fibers for easier removal.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is utilized in boat and marine cleaners to remove salt residue and other debris from surfaces.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is found in leather cleaners and conditioners to help clean and moisturize leather surfaces.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt has a wide range of applications across various industries, contributing to the effectiveness and performance of numerous cleaning and personal care products.

In the cosmetics industry, Witconate AOS-12 is used in facial cleansers, makeup removers, and exfoliating scrubs to effectively cleanse and refresh the skin.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is added to bath salts and bath bombs to enhance foaming and create a luxurious bathing experience.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is utilized in hand cleaners and sanitizers for its ability to create a rich lather and cleanse hands effectively.
In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used in the formulation of medicated shampoos and body washes for treating various skin conditions.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is incorporated into foot care products such as foot scrubs and creams to cleanse and soften the skin.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is added to mouthwash formulations to aid in the removal of bacteria and plaque from the mouth.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is used in the manufacturing of liquid soaps and hand washes for institutional and commercial settings.
In the hospitality industry, it is found in hotel amenities such as shampoo, conditioner, and body wash.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is employed in the formulation of baby care products such as baby shampoos and body washes for gentle cleansing.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is used in the production of pet care products such as pet shampoos and grooming sprays for maintaining pet hygiene.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is added to facial cleansing wipes and makeup remover wipes for convenient and effective makeup removal.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is utilized in the formulation of acne treatment products such as facial cleansers and spot treatments for their cleansing and antibacterial properties.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is found in sun care products such as sunscreens and after-sun lotions for its emulsifying and moisturizing properties.
In the automotive industry, it is used in car wash detergents and degreasers for cleaning vehicle exteriors and engines.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is employed in the formulation of industrial hand cleaners and degreasers for removing heavy soils and grease.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is added to metal cleaners and polishes for removing tarnish and restoring shine to metal surfaces.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is utilized in the production of household disinfectants and sanitizers for cleaning and disinfecting surfaces.

In the agriculture industry, it is used in the formulation of agricultural adjuvants to improve the efficacy of pesticides and herbicides.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is found in air freshener sprays and room deodorizers for neutralizing odors and freshening the air.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is added to household cleaning wipes and disposable cleaning cloths for convenient and effective cleaning on-the-go.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is employed in the production of industrial degreasing wipes and industrial cleaning cloths for heavy-duty cleaning applications.

In the construction industry, it is used in the formulation of concrete cleaners and masonry cleaners for removing dirt and stains from surfaces.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is added to rust removers and corrosion inhibitors for protecting metal surfaces from rust and corrosion.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is utilized in the formulation of electronic cleaning solutions and contact cleaners for removing dust and debris from electronic components.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt has diverse applications across various industries, contributing to the effectiveness and performance of a wide range of cleaning and personal care products.



DESCRIPTION


Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, known as Witconate AOS-12, is a versatile surfactant widely used in various industries.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is derived from alpha olefins and sulfonated to produce a highly effective cleaning agent.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is available in different forms including liquids and powders.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt exhibits excellent foaming properties, making it ideal for applications where foam stability is desired.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and liquid soaps.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt provides gentle cleansing while producing rich and luxurious lather.
In household cleaning products, it is used in dishwashing liquids, laundry detergents, and hard surface cleaners.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt effectively removes dirt, grease, and stains from various surfaces.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is biodegradable, making it environmentally friendly compared to some other surfactants.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt performs well in both hard and soft water conditions without losing effectiveness.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is compatible with a wide range of pH levels, enhancing its versatility in formulation.
Its mildness makes it suitable for use in personal care products, even for sensitive skin types.
In industrial applications, Witconate AOS-12 is used in car wash products and oilfield chemicals.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt helps in the removal of tough stains and provides excellent cleaning performance.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is stable under normal storage conditions, but should be protected from extreme temperatures and moisture.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is easy to handle and can be incorporated into formulations with ease.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is anionic in nature, meaning it carries a negative charge, which enhances its ability to remove dirt and grease from surfaces.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is often used in combination with other surfactants and ingredients to optimize performance.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is compatible with most other commonly used ingredients in cleaning and personal care formulations.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt undergoes rigorous quality control measures to ensure consistency and purity.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is produced using advanced manufacturing processes to meet the highest industry standards.
Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is packaged and labeled according to regulatory requirements to ensure safe handling and use.

Witconate AOS-12 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Salt is widely available from various suppliers and distributors around the world.
Its versatility, effectiveness, and mildness make it a preferred choice for formulators across different industries.
Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Witconate AOS-12, continues to be an essential ingredient in numerous household, personal care, and industrial products, contributing to their cleaning efficacy and consumer satisfaction.



PROPERTIES


Appearance: Clear to slightly yellow liquid or white powder.
Odor: Mild characteristic odor.
Melting Point: Typically does not have a specific melting point as it exists as a liquid or powder.
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling; decomposition temperature depends on the specific composition and purity.
Density: Varies depending on concentration and formulation; typically ranges from 1.0 to 1.2 g/cm³ for liquids.
Solubility in Water: Soluble in water, producing a clear or slightly cloudy solution.
Solubility in Other Solvents: Insoluble in non-polar solvents such as hydrocarbons, but soluble in polar organic solvents.
pH: Typically alkaline; pH ranges from 7 to 10 in aqueous solutions, depending on concentration.
Flash Point: Not applicable for aqueous solutions; may have flash points for concentrated solutions in organic solvents.
Viscosity: Varies depending on concentration and temperature; typically low viscosity for aqueous solutions.
Chemical Properties:
Chemical Formula: Typically represented as R-CH=CH-(CH2)n-SO3Na, where R represents an alkyl group and n represents the number of carbon atoms in the chain.
Molecular Weight: Varies depending on the specific alkyl chain length and sulfonation degree.
Functional Groups: Contains a sulfonate (SO3) group attached to an olefinic carbon chain.
Ionization: Anionic surfactant; dissociates in water to form sodium ions (Na+) and sulfonate ions (SO3-) in solution.



FIRST AID


1. Inhalation:

Symptoms:
Inhalation of aerosolized or vaporized particles may cause irritation to the respiratory tract, including coughing and difficulty breathing.

Immediate Actions:
Remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen.

Follow-Up:
Monitor the person for any signs of respiratory distress.
Provide comfort and reassurance.


2. Skin Contact:

Symptoms:
Direct contact with concentrated solutions may cause irritation, redness, or dermatitis.

Immediate Actions:
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Follow-Up:
Apply a mild moisturizing cream or lotion to soothe the skin.
Monitor for any signs of allergic reactions or prolonged irritation.


3. Eye Contact:

Symptoms:
Contact with the eyes may cause irritation, redness, or tearing.

Immediate Actions:
Rinse the eyes immediately with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, while holding the eyelids open.
Remove contact lenses if present and easily removable.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists or if there is any evidence of injury.

Follow-Up:
Protect the affected eye from further irritation or injury.
Avoid rubbing the eyes, as this may exacerbate irritation.


4. Ingestion:

Symptoms:
Ingestion of concentrated solutions may cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Immediate Actions:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water and drink plenty of water or milk to dilute the chemical.
Seek medical attention immediately, even if symptoms are not present.

Follow-Up:
Monitor the person for any signs of gastrointestinal distress or discomfort.
Provide supportive care as necessary, such as antiemetics for nausea and vomiting.


5. General Advice:

Personal Protection for First Aiders:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing when handling concentrated solutions.
Avoid direct skin and eye contact with the chemical.

Notes to Physician:
Treat symptomatically and supportively.
Provide appropriate medical treatment based on the severity of symptoms and exposure.
Be aware of potential interactions with other medications or chemicals.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, when handling concentrated solutions.
Use respiratory protection, such as a dust mask or respirator, if aerosolized particles or vapors are present.
Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact with concentrated solutions to minimize the risk of irritation.

Safe Handling Practices:
Handle Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate with care to prevent spills or releases.
Use suitable tools and equipment, such as pumps or transfer hoses, to minimize direct contact with the chemical.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the chemical, and wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Engineering Controls:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the work area to minimize exposure to airborne particles or vapors.
Use local exhaust ventilation systems or fume hoods when working with concentrated solutions to control exposure levels.

Hygiene Measures:
Provide facilities for washing hands and body promptly after handling Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate.
Avoid contamination of eating and drinking areas with the chemical.
Launder work clothing regularly to prevent skin irritation from residual chemical exposure.

Spill Prevention:
Store containers of Witconate AOS-12 securely to prevent tipping or accidental spills.
Use secondary containment systems, such as spill trays or bunds, to contain spills and prevent environmental contamination.
Train personnel on proper spill response procedures and provide spill cleanup materials.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.
Maintain storage temperatures within recommended ranges to prevent degradation or crystallization.
Ensure storage facilities are equipped with appropriate temperature and humidity controls, especially for powdered forms of the chemical.

Container Handling:
Use containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or stainless steel, for storing Witconate AOS-12.
Check containers for leaks or damage before storing and handle with care to avoid spills or accidents.
Label all containers with the chemical name, concentration, hazard warnings, and handling precautions.

Segregation:
Store Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate away from incompatible substances, such as strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reactive metals.
Segregate different chemical classes to prevent cross-contamination and chemical reactions.

Inventory Management:
Implement a first-in, first-out (FIFO) inventory system to ensure older stocks are used before newer ones.
Keep accurate records of inventory levels and consumption to prevent overstocking or shortages.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas containing Witconate AOS-12 to authorized personnel only.
Implement security measures, such as locked cabinets or access controls, to prevent unauthorized access or theft.

Emergency Preparedness:
Develop and maintain emergency response plans for handling spills, leaks, or accidents involving Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate.
Ensure personnel are trained on emergency procedures and have access to emergency response equipment, such as spill kits and personal protective gear.

withania somnifera flower extract; extract of the flowers of the winter-cherry, withania somnifera l., solanaceae; ajagandha flower extract;ashwagandha flower extract; winter cherry flower extract; indian ginseng flower extract CAS NO:90147-43-6

Wool wax consists mainly of long-chain waxy esters or sterol esters that do not contain glycerides.
Wool wax is used in the protection, treatment and cosmetic improvement of human skin.
Wool wax is used as an active ingredient in over-the-counter topical products such as ointments, lubricants, lotions, and facial cosmetics.

CAS Number: 8006-54-0
EC Number: 232-348-6

Synonyms:
Lanolin, 8006-54-0, 7EV65EAW6H, Anhydrous lanolin, Wool grease, Wool wax, refined, Black Rose, Lanashield, Lanolin, anhydrous, Skin Protectant with Lanolin, Theresienol MD Skin Protectant, Theriac Advanced Healing, 232-348-6, 3CE DRAWING LIP CHILLING, 4sport skincare anti chafing, AGNOLIN NO 1, AmeriDermDermaFix, CORONA MULTI-PURPOSE, CORONA ORIGINAL LANOLIN RICH, DTXSID2027678, EMERY 1600, EUCERITE, LANOLIN (II), LANOLIN (USP MONOGRAPH), LANOLIN (USP-RS), LANOLIN,ANHYDROUS LIQUID, Lana1263, LanoGuardDaily Care Skin Protectant, LanoGuardDry Skin Therapy, Lanoderm, Lantiseptic Dry Skin Therapy, Lantiseptic by DermaRite Original Skin Protectant, Lantiseptic by Dermarite Dry Skin Therapy, LincoFix, North Country Dairy Supply Non Iodine Barrier Dip, PrimaGuardDaily Care Skin Protectant, SUINTINE, Smartchoices Lanolin Plus0, Soothe and Cool Free Medseptic, Soothe and Cool Free MedsepticSkin Protectant

Wool wax (from Latin lāna 'wool', and oleum 'oil'), also called wool fat, wool yolk, wool grease or Lanolin, is a wax secreted by the sebaceous glands of wool-bearing animals.
Wool wax used by humans comes from domestic sheep breeds that are raised specifically for their wool.
Historically, many pharmacopoeias have referred to Wool wax as wool fat (adeps lanae); however, as Wool wax lacks glycerides (glycerol esters), it is not a true fat.

Wool wax primarily consists of sterol esters instead.
Wool wax's waterproofing property aids sheep in shedding water from their coats.
Certain breeds of sheep produce large amounts of Wool wax.

Wool wax is a principle component of Wool wax, which is a natural product obtained from the fleece of sheep.
Wool wax is found in steroid-containing creams/ointments, medicated shampoos, veterinary products, hand lotions, moisturizers, sunscreens, self-tanning creams, lipsticks, makeup removers, foundations, eye shadows, hairsprays, shaving creams, baby oils and products, printing inks, furniture and shoe polishes, lubricants, leather, and paper.

Wool wax's role in nature is to protect wool and skin from climate and the environment.
Wool wax also plays a role in skin (integumental) hygiene.
Wool wax and its derivatives are used in the protection, treatment, and beautification of human skin

Wool wax is a yellow fat obtained from sheep's wool.
Wool wax is used as an emollient, cosmetic, and pharmaceutic aid.
The US federal code of regulations states that Wool wax in the concentration range of 12-50% may be included in over the counter skin ointments.

Wool wax is the purified, secreted product of the sheep sebaceous glands.
Wool wax primarily consists of long-chain waxy esters, or sterol esters, that lack glycerides.
For this reason, Wool wax is also called Lanolin or wool grease.

Wool wax is used in the protection, treatment, and cosmetic enhancement of human skin.
Wool wax hydrophobic properties can help protect skin against infections or skin irritation, as Wool wax helps seal in moisture that is already present in the skin.

Wool wax is used as an active ingredient in over the counter topical products such as ointments, lubricants, lotions and facial cosmetics.
Wool wax is also frequently used in protective baby skin treatment and for sore nipples in breastfeeding mothers,.

Wool wax is a yellow fat obtained from sheep's wool.
Wool wax is used as an emollient, cosmetic, and pharmaceutic aid.

The US federal code of regulations states that Wool wax in the concentration range of 12-50% may be included in over the counter skin ointments.
Wool wax is the purified, secreted product of the sheep sebaceous glands.

Wool wax primarily consists of long-chain waxy esters, or sterol esters, that lack glycerides.

Wool wax is used in the protection, treatment, and cosmetic enhancement of human skin.
Wool wax hydrophobic properties can help protect skin against infections or skin irritation, as Wool wax helps seal in moisture that is already present in the skin.

Wool wax is used as an active ingredient in over the counter topical products such as ointments, lubricants, lotions and facial cosmetics.
Wool wax is also frequently used in protective baby skin treatment and for sore nipples in breastfeeding mothers.

Wool wax is a waxy substance that sheep naturally produce to protect their wool.
Because Wool wax's properties are similar to those of the sebum (oil) secreted by human skin, Wool wax is a popular ingredient in moisturizers, hair care products, and soaps.
Wool wax is also widely promoted as a natural remedy for sore nipples due to breastfeeding.

The Wool wax in the products you buy comes from sheep raised for their wool.
Wool wax also goes by the names wool grease, wool yolk, and Lanolin.

Wool wax oil is a secretion from sheep’s skin.
Wool wax is similar to human sebum, an oil secreted by the sebaceous glands that you may notice particularly on your nose.

Unlike sebum, Wool wax contains no triglycerides.
Wool wax is sometimes referred to as “wool fat,” but the term is misleading because Wool wax lacks triglycerides needed to be considered a fat.

The purpose of Wool wax is to condition and protect sheep’s wool.
This conditioning property is why the substance is now widely used in human cosmetics, skin care, and hair products.

Wool wax oil is extracted by putting sheep’s wool through a centrifuge machine that separates the oil from other chemicals and debris.
The process is performed after the sheep is sheared so the extraction of Wool wax causes no harm to sheep.

You may already be using products that contain Wool wax oil without realizing Wool wax.
Many medicine cabinet staples including lip balms, lotions, and nipple creams contain the amber-colored substance loved for Wool wax moisturizing ability.

Wool wax is a waxy substance derived mainly from the wool of sheep.
The sheep’s sebaceous glands produce this “wool wax” to help shed water and keep the sheep dry.
Wool wax is extracted by putting the wool through a centrifuge machine that separates the oil from other chemicals and debris.

Growing Popularity of Wool wax:
Wool wax is used in an array of products like pharmaceuticals, leather, textiles, baby and men’s care products, bio-lubricants, and nearly all types of cosmetics marketed to women.
While pharmaceutical-grade Wool wax is the lion’s share of the market today, the growing demand for natural and organic ingredients in personal care products is driving Wool wax market growth, which is expected to be worth more than $450 million USD by 2024.

In beauty products, specifically, Wool wax gives lipsticks heavy gloss and high-shine.
Formulations like these are about 5-10% Wool wax by weight.

Wool wax may also appear in cosmetics as modified versions of Wool wax oil.
Lanfrax, for instance, is the trade name of a Wool wax oil compound that has polyethylene glycol attached to Wool wax to make it more water-soluble.
Accounting for these modified versions of Wool wax, Wool wax and its derivatives may account for approximately 15-25% of the weight of a given lipstick.

So, though the production of Wool wax seems innocent enough because the process happens after the sheep are shorn, and seems like Wool wax should be a natural byproduct of the wool industry, Wool wax is a major industry of its own.
The only way to sustain the accelerating levels of Wool wax production is by being inextricably linked to mass-produced wool, which is a slaughter industry with inhumane practices.
Because the Wool wax industry relies directly on mass-produced wool, Wool wax also supports cruelty.

Composition of Wool wax:
A typical high-purity grade of Wool wax is composed predominantly of long chain waxy esters (approximately 97% by weight) with the remainder being Wool wax alcohols, Wool wax acids and Wool wax hydrocarbons.
An estimated 8,000 to 20,000 different types of Wool wax esters are present in Wool wax, resulting from combinations between the 200 or so different Wool wax acids and the 100 or so different Wool wax alcohols identified so far.

Wool wax’s complex composition of long-chain esters, hydroxyesters, diesters, Wool wax alcohols, and Wool wax acids means in addition to its being a valuable product in Wool wax own right, Wool wax is also the starting point for the production of a whole spectrum of Wool wax derivatives, which possess wide-ranging chemical and physical properties.
The main derivatisation routes include hydrolysis, fractional solvent crystallisation, esterification, hydrogenation, alkoxylation and quaternisation.
Wool wax derivatives obtained from these processes are used widely in both high-value cosmetics and skin treatment products.

Hydrolysis of Wool wax yields Wool wax alcohols and Wool wax acids.
Wool wax alcohols are a rich source of cholesterol (an important skin lipid) and are powerful water-in-oil emulsifiers; they have been used extensively in skincare products for over 100 years.

Approximately 40% of the acids derived from Wool wax are alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs).
The use of AHAs in skin care products has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years.
Details of the AHAs isolated from Wool wax can be seen in the table below.

Production of Wool wax:
Crude Wool wax constitutes about 5–25% of the weight of freshly shorn wool.
The wool from one Merino sheep will produce about 250–300 ml of recoverable wool grease.

Wool wax is extracted by washing the wool in hot water with a special wool scouring detergent to remove dirt, wool grease (crude Wool wax), suint (sweat salts), and anything else stuck to the wool.
The wool grease is continuously removed during this washing process by centrifuge separators, which concentrate Wool wax into a waxlike substance melting at approximately 38 °C (100 °F).

Applications
Wool wax and its many derivatives are used extensively in both the personal care (e.g., high value cosmetics, facial cosmetics, lip products) and health care sectors such as topical liniments.
Wool wax is also found in lubricants, rust-preventive coatings, shoe polish, and other commercial products.

Wool wax is a relatively common allergen and is often misunderstood as a wool allergy.
However, allergy to a Wool wax-containing product is difficult to pinpoint and often other products containing Wool wax may be fine for use.

Patch testing can be done if a Wool wax allergy is suspected.
Wool wax is frequently used in protective baby skin treatment and for sore nipples from breastfeeding although health authorities do not recommend it, advise against nipple cleaning and rather recommend improving baby positioning and expressing milk by hand.

Wool wax is used commercially in many industrial products ranging from rustproof coatings to lubricants.
Some sailors use Wool wax to create slippery surfaces on their propellers and stern gear to which barnacles cannot adhere.

Commercial products (e.g. Lanocote) containing up to 85% Wool wax are used to prevent corrosion in marine fasteners, especially when two different metals are in contact with each other and saltwater.
The water-repellent properties make Wool wax valuable in many applications as a lubricant grease where corrosion would otherwise be a problem.

7-Dehydrocholesterol from Wool wax is used as a raw material for producing vitamin D3 by irradiation with ultraviolet light.
Baseball players often use Wool wax to soften and break in their baseball gloves (shaving cream with Wool wax is popularly used for this).

Anhydrous liquid Wool wax, combined with parabens, has been used in trials as artificial tears to treat dry eye.
Anhydrous Wool wax is also used as a lubricant for brass instrument tuning slides.

Wool wax can also be restored to woollen garments to make them water and dirt repellent, such as for cloth diaper covers.
Wool wax is also used in lip balm products such as Carmex.

For some people, Wool wax can irritate the lips.
Wool wax is sometimes used by people on continuous positive airway pressure therapy to reduce irritation with masks, particular nasal pillow masks that can often create sore spots in the nostrils.

Wool wax is a popular additive to moustache wax, particularly 'extra-firm' varieties.
Wool wax is used as a primary lubricating component in aerosol-based brass lubricants in the ammunition reloading process.

Mixed warm 1:12 with highly concentrated ethanol (usually 99%), the ethanol acts as a carrier which evaporates quickly after application, leaving a fine film of Wool wax behind to prevent brass seizing in resizing dies.
Wool wax, when mixed with ingredients such as neatsfoot oil, beeswax and glycerol, is used in various leather treatments, for example in some saddle soaps and in leather care products.

Products That May Contain Wool wax:

Cosmetics:
Foundations
Eye makeup
Lipsticks

Hair Care:
Hairspray

Household Products:
Furniture polish
Leather
Paper
Printing inks

Liquids:
Baby oils
Baby ointments
Hand lotion
Moisturizers
Self-tanners
Sunscreen

Benefits of Wool wax:
Wool wax is classified as an occlusive moisturizer.
This means Wool wax works by reducing water loss from the skin, similar to petroleum jelly.

While petroleum can reduce the evaporation of skin's moisture by 98%, Wool wax reduces it by between 20% and 30%.
However, many people like that Wool wax isn't as heavy as petroleum jelly, making Wool wax more pleasant to use.

In skincare products, there's no hard evidence showing Wool wax is better than synthetic waxes.
If you like using natural products, though, you may prefer Wool wax over synthetics.

Wool wax is in a wide variety of over-the-counter (OTC) products.

They include:
Eye creams
Hemorrhoid medication
Lip balm
Lotions and creams for dry skin
Makeup and makeup removers
Medicated shampoos
Mustache wax
Shaving cream
Baby oil
Diaper rash cream

Wool wax for Breastfeeding and Sore Nipples:
During breastfeeding, your nipples may become sore, dry, and even cracked.
Many healthcare providers recommend Wool wax creams to ease nipple pain from breastfeeding.

A big benefit is that it's generally considered safe for your baby to ingest small amounts of Wool wax.
Wool wax 's recommended that you use it at least ten minutes before you start breastfeeding.
But unlike other products, you don't need to wipe Wool wax off.

Wool wax 's also safe to give your baby breastmilk expressed while Wool wax is on your nipples. (Again, wait about 10 minutes after application before you begin pumping.)

Research into Wool wax for nipple pain has been mixed.

A 2018 Brazilian study suggested significant improvements in nipple pain and trauma in participants who used Wool wax compared to those who rubbed in breastmilk (another common remedy for nipple soreness).

However, other research on Wool wax effectiveness has been lackluster.

A 2014 review of studies concluded that evidence is insufficient that Wool wax relieves nipple pain.
Research in 2017 reported participants were happier with the results of Wool wax cream than with other products, but Wool wax didn't lessen nipple pain or make continued breastfeeding more likely.
A 2021 study said Wool wax wasn't clear whether Wool wax (combined with education about breastfeeding) helped prevent nipple pain.

Wool wax oil is known as an emollient, which means Wool wax helps soothe dry or dehydrated skin.
A 2017 studyTrusted Source indicated that Wool wax can reduce water lost through the skin by 20 to 30 percent.
Simply put, Wool wax is extremely hydrating and has the ability to soften skin to help improve the appearance and the feel of rough, dry, or flaky areas.

Wool wax ’s Cruelty-free:
If you’re ready to clean up your skincare routine, Wool wax is a must.
Wool wax is a by-product of wool washing after shearing, meaning no sheep are harmed in the process.

In fact, if sheep aren’t sheared, their fleece will become solid, too hot and heavy for them so they must be shorn whether we use Wool wax or not.
That’s why our Wool wax is cruelty-free and Leaping Bunny Certified.

Wool wax Provides Dual Benefits:
Wool wax is unique because it is incredibly hydrating without ever feeling sticky.
Wool wax has the dual benefit of being both semi-occlusive and semi-permeable, meaning Wool wax allows your skin to self-hydrate from within while acting as a breathable skin barrier.
These two qualities make Wool wax an incredibly versatile ingredient that is ideal for hydrating dry, flaky skin.

Wool wax Offers The Ultimate In Hydration:
Wool wax can hold up to 400% of its weight in moisture, so you know Wool wax can quench your skin’s thirst.
Another part of the reason why Wool wax is an effective moisturizer is that Wool wax is scientifically proven to mimic lipids in human skin extremely closely.
Your skin will instantly welcome the added hydration!

Wool wax Can Be Used For More Than Cosmetics:
While we love Wool wax for lips and can’t get enough of Wool wax hand cream, this hero ingredient can also be used for more than cosmetics.
Because of Wool wax similarity to the skin’s own oils, doctors often recommend Wool wax to help protect burns and mothers can use Wool wax with nursing infants.

Standards And Legislation About Wool wax:
In addition to general purity requirements, Wool wax must meet official requirements for the permissible levels of pesticide residues.
The Fifth Supplement of the United States Pharmacopoeia XXII published in 1992 was the first to specify limits for 34 named pesticides.

A total limit of 40 ppm (i.e. 40 mg/kg) total pesticides was stipulated for Wool wax of general use, with no individual limit greater than 10 ppm.
A second monograph also introduced into the US Pharmacopoeia XXII in 1992 was entitled 'Modified Wool wax'.

Wool wax conforming to this monograph is intended for use in more exacting applications, for example on open wounds.
In this monograph, the limit of total pesticides was reduced to 3 ppm total pesticides, with no individual limit greater than 1 ppm.

In 2000, the European Pharmacopoeia introduced pesticide residue limits into its Wool wax monograph.
This requirement, which is generally regarded as the new quality standard, extends the list of pesticides to 40 and imposes even lower concentration limits.

Some very high-purity grades of Wool wax surpass monograph requirements.
New products obtained using complex purification techniques produce Wool wax esters in their natural state, removing oxidative and environmental impurities resulting in white, odourless, hypoallergenic Wool wax.

These ultra-high-purity grades of Wool wax are ideally suited to the treatment of dermatological disorders such as eczema and on open wounds.

Wool wax attracted attention owing to a misunderstanding concerning Wool wax sensitising potential.
A study carried out at New York University Hospital in the early 1950s had shown about 1% of patients with dermatological disorders were allergic to the Wool wax being used at that time.

By one estimate, this simple misunderstanding of failing to differentiate between the general healthy population and patients with dermatological disorders exaggerates the sensitising potential of Wool wax by 5,000–6,000 times.

The European Cosmetics Directive, introduced in July 1976, contained a stipulation that cosmetics which contained Wool wax should be labelled to that effect.
This ruling was challenged immediately, and in the early 1980s, it was overturned and removed from the directive.

Despite only being in force for a short period of time, this ruling did harm both to the Wool wax industry and to the reputation of Wool wax in general.
The Cosmetics Directive ruling only applied to the presence of Wool wax in cosmetic products; Wool wax did not apply to the many hundreds of its different uses in dermatological products designed for the treatment of compromised skin conditions.
Modern analytical methods have revealed Wool wax possesses a number of important chemical and physical similarities to human stratum corneum lipids; the lipids which help regulate the rate of water loss across the epidermis and govern the hydration state of the skin.

Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy has shown that Wool wax, like human stratum corneum lipids, consists of a mass of liquid crystalline material.
Cross-polarised light microscopy has shown the multilamellar vesicles formed by Wool wax are identical to those formed by human stratum corneum lipids.

The incorporation of bound water into the stratum corneum involves the formation of multilamellar vesicles.

Skin bioengineering studies have shown the durational effect of the emollient (skin smoothing) action produced by Wool wax is very significant and lasts for many hours.
Wool wax applied to the skin at 2 mg/cm2 has been shown to reduce roughness by about 35% after one hour and 50% after two hours, with the overall effect lasting for considerably more than eight hours.

Wool wax is also known to form semiocclusive (breathable) films on the skin.
When applied daily at around 4 mg/cm2 for five consecutive days, the positive moisturising effects of Wool wax were detectable until 72 hours after final application.

Wool wax may achieve some of its moisturising effects by forming a secondary moisture reservoir within the skin.
The barrier repair properties of Wool wax have been reported to be superior to those produced by both petrolatum and glycerol.

In a small clinical study conducted on volunteer subjects with terribly dry (xerotic) hands, Wool wax was shown to be superior to petrolatum in reducing the signs and symptoms of dryness and scaling, cracks and abrasions, and pain and itch.
In another study, a high purity grade of Wool wax was found to be significantly superior to petrolatum in assisting the healing of superficial wounds.

Manufacturing Methods of Wool wax:
Wool wax is manufacturing by extraction from sheep wool by scouring with dilute alkali, centrifuging, and refining (for the purer grades) via treatment with hot aqueous alkali and then a bleaching agent.

Wool wax is manufacturing by purifying the fatty matter (suint) obtained from the wool of the sheep.
This natural wool fat contains about 30% of free fatty acids and fatty acid esters of cholesterol and other higher alcohols.

The cholesterol compounds are the important constituents, and to secure these in a purified form, many processes have been devised.
In one of these the crude wool fat is treated with weak alkali and the saponified fats and emulsions are centrifuged to secure the aqueous soap solution, from which, on standing, a layer of partially purified wool fat separates.

Wool wax is further purified by treating it with calcium chloride and then dehydrated by fusion with unslaked lime.
Wool wax is finally extracted with acetone, and the solvent subsequently separated by distillation.

Wool wax is obtained by one of the following methods:
1. Solvent extraction of wool fleece.
2. Scouring of wool with soap or neutral detergent followed by:

a. Centrifugation of the resulting emulsion.
This may introduce small amounts of detergents as impurities in the Wool wax.
b. breaking of the emulsion with acid, or production of foam (with air) and collection of the froth.

Handling and storage of Wool wax:

Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

Storage class (TRGS 510):
8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Stability and reactivity of Wool wax:

Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:

Strong oxidizing agents:

Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:

Waste treatment methods:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.

Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

First aid measures of Wool wax:

General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area.

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.

In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures of Wool wax:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Accidental release measures of Wool wax:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Exposure controls/personal protection of Wool wax:

Control parameters:

Components with workplace control parameters:
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.

Exposure controls:

Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:

Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.

Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested: Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)

Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested: Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)

Wool wax should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Control of environmental exposure:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Identifiers of Wool wax:
CAS: 8006-54-0
Deprecated CAS: 8040-96-8, 8038-43-5, 114471-15-7, 8038-41-3
European Community (EC) Number: 232-348-6
UNII: 7EV65EAW6H.
DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID2027678
NCI Thesaurus Code: C94238
RXCUI: 6227

Corn sugar gum; Xanthan; Gum xanthan; Polysaccharide gum; GALACTOMANNANE; GLUCOMANNAN; GLUCOMANNAN MAYO; GUM XANTHAN; KONJAC GLUCOMANNAN; RHODOPOL 23; XANTEMPO(TM); XANTHAN; XANTHAN GUM; xanthangumfromxanthomonascampestris; XANTHAM; Xanthan Gum Xanthomonas campestris; xanthan gum Xc; Xanthan gum pharma; XANTHAN GUM FOR FOOD & PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATION; XanthanGumPure; XANTHANGUM,FCC; XANTHANGUM,NF; XANTHATEGUM; Xanthan Gummi CAS NO:11138-66-2

Xanthan Gum (/ˈzænθən/) is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive.
Xanthan Gum is an effective thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer that prevents ingredients from separating.
Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide with a wide variety of uses, including as a common food additive.


CAS Number:11138-66-2
EC Number: 234-394-2
MDL number: MFCD00131256
Molecular Formula: (C35H49O29)n


Xanthan Gum E code is (E 415).
It’s xanthan gum, a food additive that you’ve probably never heard of but likely consume several times a week.
Moreover, Xanthan Gum’s popularity as a supplement and common ingredient in gluten-free products is growing.


Xanthan Gum may even have health benefits, like lowering cholesterol and blood sugar levels.
Xanthan Gum’s created when sugar is fermented by a type of bacteria called Xanthomonas campestris.
When sugar is fermented, Xanthan Gum creates a broth or goo-like substance, which is made solid by adding an alcohol.


Xanthan Gum is then dried and turned into a powder.
When xanthan gum powder is added to a liquid, Xanthan Gum quickly disperses and creates a viscous and stable solution.
This makes it a great thickening, suspending and stabilizing agent for many products.


Xanthan Gum was discovered by scientists in 1963.
Since then, Xanthan Gum has been well researched and determined safe.
Therefore, the FDA has approved as a food additive and placed no limitations on the amount of xanthan gum a food can contain.


Even though it’s made in a lab, Xanthan Gum’s a soluble fiber.
Xanthan Gum is soluble fibers are carbs that your body cannot breakdown.
Instead, they absorb water and turn into a gel-like substance in your digestive system, which slows digestion.


Therefore, your body is unable to digest xanthan gum, and it does not provide any calories or nutrients.
Xanthan Gum is obtained from the fermentation of various sugar species with the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris.
Xanthan Gum's physical structure is powder.


Xanthan Gum is among the food additives with the code E415.
Xanthan Gum can be produced from simple sugars using a fermentation process and derives its name from the species of bacteria used, Xanthomonas campestris.
Xanthan gum, 1%, can produce a significant increase in the viscosity of a liquid.


Xanthan Gum can be produced from a range of simple sugars using a fermentation process, and derives its name from the strain of bacteria used in this: Xanthomonas campestris.
Xanthan gum, a microbial heteropolysaccharide, basically consists of a main polymer skeleton with 1,4-linked β-D-glucose units as in cellulose.


In the side chains attached to this skeleton, there is a trisaccharide consisting of a D-glucorinic acid residue between two D-mannose residues.
The polymer also contains 4.7% of O-acetyl groups and 3.0-3.5% of pyruvic acid, which is a ketal in the glucose unit.
These side chains, which are found in xanthan gum and make up about 60% of the molecule, can impart many physical and chemical properties specific to xanthan gamma.


Due to its side chains, xanthan gum can be fully hydrated even in the cold chain.
It is further stated that these side chains make the xanthan gum resistant to hydrolysis.
Xanthan gum is ground to powder and packaged after sifting.


Xanthan Gum contains D-gluco and D-mannose as the predominant hexose, and D-glucuronic acid and pyruvic acid and is prepared as sodium, potassium or calcium salts and its solutions are neutral.
Xanthan Gum is made by fermenting simple sugars with a specific strain of bacteria called Xanthomonas campestris.


Xanthan Gum is a white or off-white powder that is soluble in both hot and cold water.
Xanthan Gum was first discovered in the early 1960s by researchers at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) who were studying a strain of bacteria called Xanthomonas campestris.


This strain of bacteria is commonly found in soil and on plant surfaces, and can cause a variety of plant diseases.
The researchers found that when they grew the Xanthomonas campestris bacteria in a culture medium containing simple sugars like glucose or sucrose, the bacteria produced a slimy substance that could thicken and stabilize liquids.


They later identified this substance as xanthan gum.
Xanthan gum, also known as E415, is a natural polysaccharide with a high molecular weight containing mainly glucose, mannose and glucuronic acid.
Xanthan gum produced by microbial fermentation using Xanthomonas campestris bacteria has a wide range of uses in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and textile industries.


Commercial xanthan gum in the form of yellowish powder gives high viscosity to the solution it is added to, even at low concentrations.
Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide with a wide variety of uses, including as a common food additive.
Xanthan gum is a natural biopolymer produced by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris by fermentation of sugar, dextrose, corn syrup or starch.


E code of Xanthan Gum is E415 .
Xanthan Gum is soluble in both hot and cold water.
The main advantages of using xanthan gum are that it provides high-viscosity solutions at low concentrations, is stable at a wide range of pH levels and temperatures, and is compatible with salt and enzyme-containing applications.


Xanthan Gum is a food thickening agent made from bacteria with the ability to infect a large number of plants.
Xanthan Gum can improve the structure, consistency, flavor and shelf life of many foodstuffs.
It is xanthan gum that stabilizes food and helps it withstand different temperatures and pH levels.


Xanthan Gum prevents the food from separating and ensures that it flows smoothly from the containers it is in.
Xanthan Gum is a popular food additive added as a thickener (bulking) or stabilizer in foods.
Xanthan Gum has high viscosity even in low polymer structures.


Xanthan Gum has high viscosity resists flow.
Gum solutions are pseudoplastic or shear thinning, and their viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate.
Xanthan Gum's viscosity is dependent on temperature (both dissolution and measurement temperatures), biopolymer concentration, salt concentration and pH.


Xanthan Gum has the best stabilization between pH 4 and pH 10.
Xanthan Gum's solution with 1% concentration provides a viscosity of 1000 centipoise.
Xanthan Gum's density at 20 °C is 1.50 gr/cm³.


Xanthan gum, which is widely used in food applications, is a heteropolysaccharide produced by immersion aerobic fermentation using a bacterium called Xanthomonas campestris, and carbohydrate, a suitable nitrogen source, potassium phosphate and other trace elements constitute the sterile fermentation medium.
The polysaccharide produced at the end of the fermentation stage is precipitated by using isopropyl alcohol and isolated from the environment.


The isolated polysaccharide is then centrifuged to remove residual isopropyl alcohol and subsequently dried.
The dried Xanthan gum is ground to powder and packaged after sifting.
Xanthan Gum contains D-gluco and D-mannose as the predominant hexose, and D-glucuronic acid and pyruvic acid and is prepared as sodium, potassium or calcium salts and its solutions are neutral.


Xanthan Gum consists of a main polymer backbone with D-glucose units.
In the side chains attached to this skeleton, there is a trisaccharide consisting of a D-glucorinic acid residue between two D-mannose residues.
The polymer also contains 4.7% of O-acetyl groups and 3.0-3.5% of pyruvic acid, which is a ketal in the glucose unit.


These side chains, which are found in xanthan gum and make up about 60% of the molecule, can impart many physical and chemical properties specific to xanthan gamma.
Due to its side chains, xanthan gum can be fully hydrated even in the cold chain.
It is further stated that these side chains make the xanthan gum resistant to hydrolysis.


Xanthan Gum is soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents; It is used as a rheological control agent in systems containing water and as a stabilizer for emulsions and suspensions.
Apart from these, xanthan gam; It retains water, increases freeze-thaw stability, prevents retrogradation of starch and improves shelf life.


These properties of xanthan gum, which can be easily dissolved in 8% solutions of sulfuric, nitric and acetic acids, 10% of hydrochloric acid and 25% of phosphoric acid, can maintain its durability for months as long as the temperature does not rise.
Commercial xanthan gum is a yellowish powdery substance that dissolves completely in hot or cold water, yielding high viscosity solutions at low concentrations.


Aqueous solutions of Xanthan gum can tolerate some hydrophilic solutions such as ethanol and propylene glycol up to a concentration of up to 50%.
The viscosity of Xanthan gum is a function of the concentration in its distribution.
As with other gums, xanthan gum solutions exhibit a pseudoplastic fluid type.


Pseudoplastic fluid type feature; It also contributes significantly to the formation of properties that affect many sensory qualities such as mouthfeel, perception of taste and suspension formation.
Another distinctive feature of Xanthan gum that distinguishes it from other gums is that it is highly resistant to temperature and pH.


It has been stated that this durability is due to the side chains in the xanthan molecule wrapping around the cellulose skeleton.
This feature is the xanthan gamut; It makes it resistant to degradation that may occur as a result of enzymes, acids, bases, high temperatures, freezing and thawing and prolonged mixing.


The interaction of these trisaccharide chains with the main chain turns the molecule into a highly rigid rod and tremendously increases its heat, acid and base stability.
Its molecular weight is around 2 million, and larger values ​​are reported, probably due to aggregation.
The xanthans with the highest pyruvic acid content have the highest viscosity and thermal stability.


Xanthan gum solutions;
It is generally unaffected by changes in pH and dissolves in most acids and bases.
Most other hydrocolloids;
While it loses its viscosity at low pH values ​​and high temperatures, xanthan gum remains stable under the same conditions.



USES and APPLICATIONS of XANTHAN GUM:
Xanthan gum is used in many industrial products due to its ability to withstand different temperatures and pH levels, cling to surfaces and thicken liquids, all while maintaining good flow.
In foods, xanthan gum is common in salad dressings and sauces.


Xanthan Gum helps to prevent oil separation by stabilizing the emulsion, although it is not an emulsifier.
Xanthan gum also helps suspend solid particles, such as spices.
Xanthan gum helps create the desired texture in many ice creams.


Toothpaste often contains xanthan gum as a binder to keep the product uniform.
Xanthan gum also helps thicken commercial egg substitutes made from egg whites, to replace the fat and emulsifiers found in yolks.
Xanthan Gum is also a preferred method of thickening liquids for those with swallowing disorders, since it does not change the color or flavor of foods or beverages at typical use levels.


In gluten-free baking, xanthan gum is used to give the dough or batter the stickiness that would otherwise be achieved with gluten.
In most foods Xanthan Gum is used at concentrations of 0.5% or less.
Xanthan gum is used in a wide range of food products, such as sauces, dressings, meat and poultry products, bakery products, confectionery products, beverages, dairy products, and others.


In the oil industry, xanthan gum is used in large quantities to thicken drilling mud.
These fluids carry the solids cut by the drilling bit to the surface. Xanthan gum provides great "low end" rheology.
When circulation stops, the solids remain suspended in the drilling fluid.


The widespread use of horizontal drilling and the demand for good control of drilled solids has led to its expanded use.
Xanthan Gum has been added to concrete poured underwater, to increase its viscosity and prevent washout.
In cosmetics, xanthan gum is used to prepare water gels.


Xanthan Gum is also used in oil-in-water emulsions to enhance droplet coalescence.
Xanthan gum is under preliminary research for its potential uses in tissue engineering to construct hydrogels and scaffolds supporting three-dimensional tissue formation.
Furthermore, thiolated xanthan gum has shown potential for drug delivery, since by the covalent attachment of thiol groups to this polysaccharide high mucoadhesive and permeation enhancing properties can be introduced.


Whey-derived xanthan gum is commonly used in many commercial products, such as shampoos and salad dressings.
Xanthan Gum is a powerful thickening agent, and also has uses as a stabilizer to prevent ingredients from separating.
Xanthan gum is a popular food additive that’s commonly added to foods as a thickener or stabilizer.


Xanthan Gum is most often used as a food ingredient as an effective thickening agent and stabilizer to prevent ingredients from separating.
Xanthan Gum is also used for those properties in other industries, such as oil, cosmetics.
Xanthan Gum is generally used as a thickener (such as Guar Gum E412, Gum Arabic E414, Carboxymethyl Cellulose CMC E466, Pectin E440, Sodium Alginate E401) and stabilizer.


Xanthan Gum is soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents.
Xanthan Gum is used as a rheological control agent in systems containing water and as a stabilizer for emulsions and suspensions.
Apart from these, xanthan gam; It retains water, increases freeze-thaw stability, prevents retrogradation of starch and improves shelf life.


Xanthan gum, which is widely used in food applications, is a heteropolysaccharide produced by immersion aerobic fermentation using a bacterium called Xanthomonas campestris, and carbohydrate, a suitable nitrogen source, potassium phosphate and other trace elements constitute the sterile fermentation medium.
The polysaccharide produced at the end of the fermentation stage is precipitated by using isopropyl alcohol and isolated from the environment.


The isolated polysaccharide is then centrifuged to remove residual isopropyl alcohol and subsequently dried.
Xanthan Gum is a type of polysaccharide, or carbohydrate, that is commonly used as a food additive to thicken, stabilize, and improve the texture of foods.
Xanthan gum is often used in gluten-free baking as a substitute for gluten, as it can help mimic the texture and structure of gluten in baked goods.


Xanthan Gum is also commonly found in salad dressings, sauces, ice cream, and other processed foods to improve their texture and prevent them from separating or breaking down.
Additionally, Xanthan Gum can be used in industrial applications such as oil drilling and cosmetics due to its thickening and stabilizing properties.


Xanthan gum is generally considered safe for consumption and is approved for use as a food additive by many regulatory agencies around the world.
Xanthan gum has a wide range of applications in food, beverage, and other industries.
Xanthan gum is used synergistically with carob gum and tara gum to form thermo-reversible gels, and when used in combination with guar gum, it provides higher viscosity.


Xanthan gum is used in many applications to provide excellent suspension, emulsion stability, viscosity, moisture retention and freeze-thaw stability.
Xanthan Gum is a powerful thickening agent, and also has uses as a stabilizer to prevent ingredients from separating.
Apart from the food industry, where Xanthan Gum is widely used as an additive, it is included in the formulation as a thickener and stabilizer in the production of various products from textiles to cleaning agents, from pharmaceuticals and cosmetics to paints and inks.


Xanthan Gum is used as a thickening agent and stabilizer in a variety of foods.
Also prevents ice crystals from forming in ice creams and provides a "fat feel" in low or no-fat dairy products.
For best results, use 1/2 teaspoon xanthan gum per cup of liquid called for in recipe.
Whip in a blender with liquid to prevent clumping.


Xanthan Gum also promotes a good rise in gluten-free baked goods. Add 1 teaspoon xanthan gum per cup of gluten-free flour in yeast bread or pizza recipes.
1/2 teaspoon per cup in cake or muffin recipes.
Blend with dry ingredients to prevent clumping.


Since the solution viscosity does not change much with temperature, that is, the consistency does not increase when cooled, xanthan gum is very suitable for use in products such as salad dressings and chocolate syrups that will be consumed as soon as they come out of the refrigerator.
These products should be able to pour as easily as at room temperature as soon as they come out of the refrigerator.


In normal salad dressings, xanthan gum is used as a thickener and the particles stabilize the suspension in the structure and the emulsion of oil in water.
Xanthan gum is generally used with alginate in propylene glycol structure.
When used together, they give less pseudoplastic and less viscous solution.


The resulting product has better pourability and a cream-like smooth texture.
Xanthan gum; compatible with other hydrocolloids; especially locust bean gum and Konjacla (gel formation) and Guar gum (high viscosity) show synergistic effects.
Xanthan gum and guar gum / carob gum combinations are used in the stabilization of ice cream and frozen products.


The addition of carrageenan to this mixture prevents the separation of the liquid phase during freezing.
Double or triple combinations of these gums are used in various dairy products.
Finally, Xanthan Gum is used in toothpaste, cosmetics, cleaning products, coatings and paints and fire extinguishers in technical fields.


Xanthan Gum provides emulsification in salad dressings.
Xanthan gum is used in the manufacture of salad dressings to ensure that the dressings penetrate the salads well.
Xanthan gum is used as a thickener and emulsifier, as a binder, instead of gluten in bakery products.


Xanthan Gum is used as a thickening agent in mosquito repellent sprays.
Xanthan Gum is used in fruit drinks, helping the suspended beverage to have a better appearance.
Xanthan Gum is a substance with rapid solubility in low pH environments.


In this way, Xanthan Gum suspends other insoluble particles.
Xanthan Gum is used in the production of instant soup.
In frozen dairy products, xanthan gum used together with methyl cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose has very good effects.


In the manufacture of cheeses, Xanthan Gum provides hardness with a mixture of guar gum and carob gum.
In addition, Xanthan Gum provides flavor release in flat cheeses.
Due to its high resting viscosity, Xanthan Gum is used as a food additive because it gives very good consistency and flow properties in the manufacture of syrups .


Xanthan Gum is used as a thickening agent in powder disinfectants produced for disinfection of the nipples of dairy animals.
At the same time , Silicon Dioxide or Tricalcium Phosphate is used as anti-caking agent .
Xanthan Gum is used in the manufacture of low-fat foods.


Xanthan Gum is possible to produce water-dispersible stabilizers with some surfactants and substances such as lecithin.
For this, Xanthan gum is the main ingredient.
Xanthan gum is used as a thickening agent in the manufacture of many personal care and beauty products.


Xanthan Gum is used to stabilize suspensions and emulsions in the food industry, where it is used as a thickener.
Xanthan Gum is used in the manufacture of toothpaste, creams, lotions and shampoos.
Xanthan Gum is used in these application areas for its viscosity increasing feature and to provide a good flow feature.


In the production of toothpaste, Xanthan Gum ensures that the products keep their shape and that the emulsifier feature works in the best way.
Xanthan Gum is also used as a thickener in the production of toothpaste.
In this application, Xanthan Gum is used together with glycerin , maltodextrin , activated carbon , zinc lactate, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate , sodium bicarbonate and potassium sorbate .


Due to its ability to withstand different temperatures and pH levels in many industrial products, Xanthan Gum adheres to surfaces and provides excellent fluidity by thickening liquids.
Xanthan gum is used as a thickening agent in the manufacture of fungicides, herbicides and insecticides.


Xanthan Gum is used in the manufacture of tile, mortar and toilet bowl cleaning chemicals.
Xanthan Gum is a thickening agent used in creams produced for acne treatment.
Xanthan Gum is used in manufacturing formulations of some paints.


Xanthan Gum helps the skin to retain moisture in cosmetic creams produced for wrinkle filling.
Xanthan Gum acts as a stabilizer in the production of cosmetic creams, which are produced to increase the production of hyaluronic acid.
In pharmaceutical preparations, Xanthan Gum is used together with Salicylic Acid and some other chemicals for the treatment of acne and acne, providing consistency and binding of other substances of the drug.


In the manufacture of adhesives such as wallpaper glues, xanthan gum is an important ingredient to thicken.
In oil fields, Xanthan Gum is used together with oxidizing agents such as sodium percarbonate and ammonium persulfate to form a cracking agent.
Xanthan Gum is used as a binder in the production of tablets used as a controlled release agent in wine production.


In this way, Xanthan Gum helps to keep the other excipients and active substance used together.
Xanthan Gum is used as a thickener in the production of auto shampoo.
Xanthan Gum is a stabilizer used in skin lightening compositions.


Xanthan Gum has thickening properties in the production of shampoo used to wash the hair of horses.
Hair application components have recently taken an important place in the field of cosmetics.
The most important factors affecting the preferability of these cosmetic products are the ease of application and the minimum level of skin irritation.


For this, Xanthan Gum is processed by using it with other thickening agents.
Xanthan Gum is used as a stabilizer and thickener additive in food production.
Xanthan Gum gives high consistency even at very low concentration.


In many food products, 0.05% - 0.5% Xanthan Gum is used.
Xanthan gum is a chain of sugar building blocks made by fermenting simple sugars with a specific kind of bacteria.
Xanthan Gum is sometimes used to make medicine.


Xanthan gum is used for diabetes, constipation, dry eye, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support most of these uses.
In manufacturing, xanthan gum is used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in foods, toothpastes, and medicines.


-Oil and gas: Xanthan gum is used in the oil and gas industry as a drilling fluid additive to increase viscosity and suspend solids.
-Industrial: Xanthan gum is also used in a variety of industrial applications, including in adhesives, coatings, and textile printing.
Xanthan gum is a useful ingredient in many food products, cosmetics, and other industrial applications due to its unique combination of properties.


-Food:
Xanthan gum is often used as a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier in a variety of food products, including sauces, dressings, soups, and baked goods.
-Pharmaceutical:
Xanthan gum is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a binder, stabilizer, and disintegrant in tablet formulations.


-Beverage:
Xanthan gum can be used to stabilize beverages, prevent sedimentation, and improve mouthfeel.
Xanthan Gum is often used in fruit juices, dairy products, and alcoholic beverages.


-Personal care products:
Xanthan gum is a common ingredient in personal care products, such as toothpaste, shampoo, and lotion.
Xanthan Gum is used to improve texture and provide a smooth, even consistency.


-Usage areas of Xanthan Gum:
• Forming Visible Clear Solutions Even at High Concentrations,
• Dissolving in Both Hot and Cold Water,
• Giving High Viscosity to Solutions Even at Low Polysaccharide Concentrations,
• Minimal Change in Viscosity of Solutions Formed by Xanthan at Wide Temperature Ranges,
• Both in Acidic and Alkaline Solutions Dissolution and Stability,
• Remaining Stable in Solutions with High Salt Concentration,
• High Resistance to Enzymatic Degradation,
• Being a Good Lubricant,
• Providing Stability After Freezing/Thawing Stages,
• Being an Extremely Effective Emulsion Stabilizer,
• Providing Excellent Mouth Taste ,
• Showing Synergistic Properties with Other Hydrocolloids (Guar and Locust Bean Gumla)
• Tomato Paste and Salad Dressings,
• Bakery and Pastry Products,
• Meat Products,
• Beverages,
• Fruit Preparations,
• Powder Products.


-As food application areas;
• tomato paste and salad dressings,
• bakery and pastry products,
• meat products,
• beverages,
• fruit preparations,
• powder products.


-The following are some common products that contain xanthan gum:
*Toothpaste
*Creams
*Lotions
*Shampoo
*Industrial Products


-Common industrial products containing xanthan gum include:
*Fungicides, herbicides and insecticides
*Tile, grout, oven and toilet bowl cleaners
*Paints
*Fluids used in oil drilling
*Adhesives like wallpaper glue



XANTHAN GUM FEATURES AND BENEFITS:
• forming visibly clear solutions even at high concentrations,
• dissolving in both hot and cold water,
• imparting high viscosity to solutions even at low polysaccharide concentrations,
• minimal change in the viscosity of solutions formed by xanthan at wide temperature ranges,
• soluble and stable in both acidic and alkaline solutions,
• high salt concentration to remain stable in solutions,
• to show high resistance to enzymatic degradation,
• to be a good lubricant,
• to provide stability after freezing/thawing stages,
• to be an extremely effective emulsion stabilizer,
• to give an excellent mouthfeel,
• It can be counted as showing synergistic properties with other hydrocolloids (guar and locust bean gum).



FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF XANTHAN GUM:
1. Xanthan Gum helps to prevent oil separation by stabilizing the emulsion, although it is not an emulsifier.
2. Xanthan gum also helps suspend solid particles, such as spices.
3. Xanthan gum helps create the pleasant texture in many ice creams, along with guar gum and locust bean gum.
4. Xanthan gum is also a preferred method of thickening liquids for those with swallowing disorders, since it does not change the color or flavor of foods or beverages



FUNCTIONS OF XANTHAN GUM:
Xanthan gum is a versatile ingredient that has several functions in food and other industries. Its primary function is as a thickener and stabilizer, but it also has other properties, including:

*Thickening: Xanthan gum can thicken liquids at low concentrations and create a smooth, uniform texture in food products.
*Stabilizing: Xanthan gum can help stabilize emulsions, preventing the separation of oil and water in food products.

*Suspending: Xanthan gum can suspend particles in liquid, preventing them from settling to the bottom of a product.
*Binding: Xanthan gum can bind ingredients together, improving the texture and quality of baked goods and other food products.

*Improving mouthfeel: Xanthan gum can improve the mouthfeel of products, creating a smooth, creamy texture.
*Increasing shelf life: Xanthan gum can help extend the shelf life of food products by preventing moisture loss and controlling crystallization.



FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF XANTHAN GUM:
1. Xanthan Gum helps to prevent oil separation by stabilizing the emulsion, although it is not an emulsifier.
2. Xanthan gum also helps suspend solid particles, such as spices.
3. Xanthan gum helps create the pleasant texture in many ice creams, along with guar gum and locust bean gum.
4. Xanthan gum is also a preferred method of thickening liquids for those with swallowing disorders, since it does not change the color or flavor of foods or beverages



WHAT ARE XANTHAN GUM'S PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES?
Among its most distinctive features is its solubility in both cold and hot water.
The feature here is due to the polyelectrolyte properties of Xanthan Gum.
Xanthan Gum is insoluble in organic solvents.
Xanthan Gum can be added up to 50% level into Isopropyl Alcohol, Methyl Alcohol , Ethyl Alcohol and Acetone.



WHERE IS XANTHAN GUM FOUND?
Xanthan gum is found in food, personal care and industrial products.
-Food Products:
Xanthan gum can improve the texture, consistency, flavor, shelf life and appearance of many foods.
Xanthan Gum also stabilizes foods, helping certain foods withstand different temperatures and pH levels.
Additionally, Xanthan Gum prevents foods from separating and allows them to flow smoothly out of their containers.
Xanthan Gum’s used frequently in gluten-free cooking since it can provide the elasticity and fluffiness that gluten gives traditional baked goods.

The following are some common foods that contain xanthan gum:
*Salad dressings
*Bakery products
*Fruit juices
*Soups
*Ice creams
*Sauces and gravies
*Syrups
*Gluten-free products
*Low-fat foods
*Personal Care Products

Xanthan gum is also found in many personal care and beauty products.
Xanthan Gum allows these products to be thick, but still flow easily out of their containers.
Xanthan Gum also allows solid particles to be suspended in liquids.



SHEAR THINNING OF XANTHAN GUM:
The viscosity of xanthan gum solutions decreases with higher shear rates.
This is called shear thinning or pseudoplasticity.
This means that a product subjected to shear, whether from mixing, shaking or chewing will thin.
When the shear forces are removed, the food will thicken again.
In salad dressing, the addition of xanthan gum makes it thick enough at rest in the bottle to keep the mixture fairly homogeneous, but the shear forces generated by shaking and pouring thins it, so it can be easily poured.
When it exits the bottle, the shear forces are removed and Xanthan Gum thickens again, so it clings to the salad.



AMOUNTS USED OF XANTHAN GUM:
The greater the ratio of xanthan gum added to a liquid, the thicker the liquid will become.
An emulsion can be formed with as little as 0.1% (by weight).
Increasing the amount of gum gives a thicker, more stable emulsion up to 1% xanthan gum.
A teaspoon of xanthan gum weighs about 2.5 grams and brings one cup (250 ml) of water to a 1% concentration.
To make a foam, 0.2–0.8% xanthan gum is typically used.
Larger amounts result in larger bubbles and denser foam.
Egg white powder (0.2–2.0%) with 0.1–0.4% xanthan gum yields bubbles similar to soap bubbles.



HOW IS XANTHAN GUM PRODUCED?
Xanthan Gum production occurs when the sugar is fermented by a type of bacteria called Xanthomonas campestris.
In the production process here, when sugar is fermented, a broth-like substance is formed and after the drying phase it is pulverized.
Xanthan Gum powder disperses quickly when added to a liquid, forming a viscous, yet stable solution.

This feature adds thickening, suspending and stabilizing agent properties for many products.
To produce Xanthan Gum, X Campestris needs a variety of nutrients, including micronutrients (Examples; Potassium, Iron and Calcium Salts) and macronutrients such as carbon and Nitrogen.
Glucose and sucrose are the most commonly used carbon sources in the production of this chemical.

In the production of Xanthan Gum (Xanthan Gum), the concentration of the carbon source affects the yield in the reaction.
In the production of Xanthan Gum (Xanthan Gum), 2%-4% concentration is preferred.
Substrate concentrations above this inhibit growth.
Nitrogen, an essential nutrient, is supplied either as an organic compound or as an inorganic molecule.



COMMERCIAL XANTHAN GUM PRODUCTION:
The commercial production of xanthan gum involves fermenting a sugar source with the Xanthomonas campestris bacteria in large-scale fermentation tanks.
The steps involved in the production process are as follows:
*Inoculation:
The Xanthomonas campestris bacteria are first grown in a small culture and then transferred to a larger fermenter vessel.

*Fermentation:
The bacteria are grown in a liquid medium containing a sugar source such as glucose, sucrose, or lactose.
The fermentation process takes place under controlled conditions of temperature, pH, and oxygen level.

*Separation:
Once the fermentation is complete, the gellan gum is separated from the bacterial biomass and the fermentation medium.
This is typically done using a series of filtration and centrifugation steps.

*Purification:
Once the fermentation is complete, the mixture is heated to stop the growth of bacteria, and the xanthan gum is extracted from the liquid by precipitation with alcohol or isopropanol.
The xanthan gum is then washed and dried to create a fine powder.

*Milling and Packaging:
The dried xanthan gum is milled into a fine powder and packaged into bags or drums for distribution.
The quality of the xanthan gum depends on factors such as the type of sugar source used, the fermentation conditions, and the purification process.
The resulting xanthan gum powder is used as a food additive in a variety of applications, such as thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying.



PREPARATION OF XANTHAN GUM:
Xanthan gum is produced by the fermentation of glucose and sucrose.
The medium is well-aerated and stirred, and the xanthan polymer is produced extracellularly into the medium.
After one to four days, the polymer is precipitated from the medium by the addition of isopropyl alcohol, and the precipitate is dried and milled to give a powder that is readily soluble in water or brine.
Xanthan Gum is composed of pentasaccharide repeat units, comprising glucose, mannose, and glucuronic acid in the molar ratio 2:2:1.
A strain of X. campestris has been developed that will grow on lactose - which allows it to be used to process whey, a waste product of cheese production.
This can produce 30 g/L of xanthan gum for every 40 g/L of whey powder.



OTHER HEALTH BENEFITS OF XANTHAN GUM:
Xanthan gum has been linked to other potential health benefits, though these benefits are unlikely to occur without taking supplements.
Some potential health benefits of xanthan gum include:
*Lower cholesterol:
A study had five men consume 10 times the recommended amount of xanthan gum per day for 23 days.
Subsequent blood tests found that their cholesterol decreased by 10%.

*Weight loss:
People have noted increased fullness after consuming xanthan gum.
Xanthan Gum may increase fullness by delaying stomach emptying and slowing digestion.

*Improved regularity:
Xanthan gum increases the movement of water into the intestines to create a softer, bulkier stool that’s easier to pass.
Studies have found that it significantly increases the frequency and amount of stool.

*Thickens liquids:
Xanthan Gum is used to thicken liquids for those who have difficulty swallowing, such as older adults or people with neurological disorders.
*Saliva substitute:
Xanthan Gum is sometimes used as a saliva substitute for individuals suffering from dry mouth, but studies on its effectiveness have found mixed results.



HOW DOES XANTHAN GUM WORK?
Xanthan gum swells in the intestine, which stimulates the intestine to push stool through.
Xanthan Gum also seems to slow the absorption of sugar from the digestive tract.



XANTHAN GUM MAY LOWER BLOOD SUGAR:
Several studies have found that xanthan gum can lower blood sugar when consumed in large doses.
Xanthan Gum’s believed that it turns fluids in your stomach and small intestine into a viscous, gel-like substance.
This slows digestion and affects how quickly sugar enters your bloodstream, decreasing blood sugar spikes after eating.

One 12-week study had nine men with diabetes and four without diabetes eat a daily muffin.
For six weeks of the study, the men ate muffins without xanthan gum.
For the other 6 weeks, they ate muffins containing 12 grams of it.

The participants’ blood sugars were tested regularly, and both fasting and after-meal blood sugar levels in the men with diabetes were significantly lower when consuming the muffins with xanthan gum.
Another study in 11 women found that blood sugars were significantly lower after consuming rice with added xanthan gum, compared to consuming rice without it.



HISTORY OF XANTHAN GUM:
Xanthan gum was discovered by Allene Rosalind Jeanes and her research team at the United States Department of Agriculture, and brought into commercial production by CP Kelco under the trade name Kelzan in the early 1960s.
Xanthan Gum was approved for use in foods in 1968 and is accepted as a safe food additive in the USA, Canada, European countries, and many other countries, with E number E415, and CAS number 11138-66-2.
Xanthan gum derives its name from the species of bacteria used during the fermentation process, Xanthomonas campestris.



DETAIL OF THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF XANTHAN GUM:
Synthesis originates from glucose as substrate for synthesis of the sugar nucleotides precursors UDP-glucose, UDP-glucuronate, and GDP-mannose that are required for building the pentasaccharide repeat unit.
This links the synthesis of xanthan to carbohydrate metabolism.

The repeat units are built up at undecaprenylphosphate lipid carriers that are anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane.
Specific glycosyltransferases sequentially transfer the sugar moieties of the nucleotide sugar xanthan precursors to the lipid carriers.
Acetyl and pyruvyl residues are added as non-carbohydrate decorations.
Mature repeat units are polymerized and exported in a way resembling the Wzy-dependent polysaccharide synthesis mechanism of Enterobacteriaceae.
Products of the gum gene cluster drive synthesis, polymerization, and export of the repeat unit.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of XANTHAN GUM:
Form: Powder
Appearance: white or cream-color and free-flowing powder
Viscosity: 1200 - 1600 mpa.s
Assay(on dry basis): 91.0 - 108.0%
Loss on drying(105o­C, 2hr): 6.0 - 12.0%
V1 : V2: 1.02 - 1.45
Pyruvic Acid: ≥ 1.5%
PH of 1% solution in water: 6.0 - 8.0
Heavy metals(as Pb): ≤ 20 mg/kg
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available

Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of XANTHAN GUM:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of XANTHAN GUM:
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of XANTHAN GUM:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Nature of decomposition products not known.
-Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of XANTHAN GUM:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.



HANDLING and STORAGE of XANTHAN GUM:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.
hygroscopic
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13: Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of XANTHAN GUM:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Gum xanthan

DESCRIPTION:
Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive.
Xanthan gum is an effective thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer that prevents ingredients from separating.
Xanthan gum can be produced from simple sugars using a fermentation process and derives its name from the species of bacteria used, Xanthomonas campestris.

CAS number 11138-66-2
EC Number: 234-394-2

Xanthan gum is a popular food additive that’s commonly added to foods as a thickener or stabilizer.
Xanthan gum is created when sugar is fermented by a type of bacteria called Xanthomonas campestris.
When sugar is fermented, Xanthan gum creates a broth or goo-like substance, which is made solid by adding an alcohol.
Xanthan gum is then dried and turned into a powder.

When xanthan gum powder is added to a liquid, Xanthan gum quickly disperses and creates a viscous and stable solution.
This makes Xanthan gum a great thickening, suspending and stabilizing agent for many products.

Xanthan gum was discovered by scientists in 1963.
Since then, Xanthan gum has been well researched and determined safe.
Therefore, the FDA has approved Xanthan gum as a food additive and placed no limitations on the amount of xanthan gum a food can contain.

Even though Xanthan gum is made in a lab, Xanthan gum is a soluble fiber.
Soluble fibers are carbs that your body cannot breakdown.

Instead, they absorb water and turn into a gel-like substance in your digestive system, which slows digestion

Xanthan gum is a chain of sugar building blocks made by fermenting simple sugars with a specific kind of bacteria.
Xanthan gum is sometimes used to make medicine.
Xanthan gum is used for diabetes, constipation, dry eye, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support most of these uses.
In manufacturing, xanthan gum is used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in foods, toothpastes, and medicines.

Xanthan gum is a substance used in making some foods and medications.
Xanthan gum has different effects in these products: Xanthan gum can add thickness, keep textures from changing, and hold ingredients in place.

Xanthan gum is found in many types of medicines. These include:
• Tablets that slowly break down in the body
• Liquid drops for the eyes
Xanthan gum is produced by fermenting a carbohydrate (a substance that contains sugar) with Xanthomonas campestris bacteria, then processing it.

An additive used as a thickener, stabiliser and emulsifier, xanthan gum is made when strains of the Xanthomonas campestris bacteria are fed a solution of glucose that's been derived from corn, soy, dairy or wheat.
The bacteria ferments the sugary solution, and as a result develops a sticky protective coat that has a consistency that makes Xanthan gum suitable for binding and thickening.
It's these properties that make xanthan gum useful in food production – most notably in gluten-free baking, where Xanthan gum helps starches combine and improves the texture, rise and shelf-life of gluten-free bakes.

Xanthan gum is also used in numerous household products, from wallpaper paste to cosmetics.
Xanthan Gum is a plant-based thickening and stabilizing agent and food additive.
Xanthan gum is named for the bacteria, Xanthomonas campestris, which plays a crucial role in this description.
Technically speaking, xanthan gum is a polysaccharide, which is just a fancy way to say "a string of multiple sugars."

To create xanthan gum, the Xanthomonas campestris bacterium is allowed to ferment on a sugar.
The result is a gel that is then dried and milled to create the powder substance.
Xanthan gum has a number of powerful properties as a food additive.

First, Xanthan gum works as an emulsifier, encouraging liquids that normally don't like one another to mix together.
Second, Xanthan gum works as thickener, increasing the viscosity of liquids and batters.
Third, Xanthan gum can create a creamy texture in items like ice cream and salad dressings.

In the world of gluten-free baking, xanthan gum plays the crucial role of imitating gluten.
In baking, gluten is what makes dough "doughy."
Xanthan gum gives the dough elasticity, as well as viscosity.

Those properties help to hold a cookie together while it bakes on a sheet in the oven, and they enable cakes and breads to hold onto the gas bubbles that form inside them.
This allows them to rise and take shape.
Xanthan gum helps replicate these properties in recipes that do not contain gluten, like delicious cinnamon rolls that are gluten free.


PRODUCTION OF XANTHAN GUM:
Xanthan gum is derived naturally from X. campestris, which is a plant pathogen, being responsible for diseases such as black rot in brassica crops (e.g., cauliflower and cabbage).
The gum is produced when sugar, commonly from corn, wheat, or soy, is fermented by X. campestris.
The gum is then processed, through pasteurization, drying, and milling, to create a fine white powder or, occasionally, granules.
The final product, a kind of hydrocolloid, disperses and creates a gel when added to water.


HISTORY OF XANTHAN GUM:
Xanthan gum was discovered by Allene Rosalind Jeanes and her research team at the United States Department of Agriculture, and brought into commercial production by CP Kelco under the trade name Kelzan in the early 1960s.
Xanthan gum was approved for use in foods in 1968 and is accepted as a safe food additive in the US, Canada, European countries, and many other countries, with E number E415, and CAS number 11138-66-2.

Xanthan gum derives its name from the species of bacteria used during the fermentation process, Xanthomonas campestris.

USES OF XANTHAN GUM:
Xanthan gum, 1%, can produce a significant increase in the viscosity of a liquid.
In foods, xanthan gum is common in salad dressings and sauces.
Xanthan gum helps to prevent oil separation by stabilizing the emulsion, although Xanthan gum is not an emulsifier.

Xanthan gum also helps suspend solid particles, such as spices.
Xanthan gum helps create the desired texture in many ice creams.
Toothpaste often contains xanthan gum as a binder to keep the product uniform.

Xanthan gum also helps thicken commercial egg substitutes made from egg whites, to replace the fat and emulsifiers found in yolks.
Xanthan gum is also a preferred method of thickening liquids for those with swallowing disorders, since it does not change the color or flavor of foods or beverages at typical use levels.
In gluten-free baking, xanthan gum is used to give the dough or batter the stickiness that would otherwise be achieved with gluten.
In most foods Xanthan gum is used at concentrations of 0.5% or less.

Xanthan gum is used in a wide range of food products, such as sauces, dressings, meat and poultry products, bakery products, confectionery products, beverages, dairy products, and others.
In the oil industry, xanthan gum is used in large quantities to thicken drilling mud.
These fluids carry the solids cut by the drilling bit to the surface.

Xanthan gum provides great "low end" rheology.
When circulation stops, the solids remain suspended in the drilling fluid.
The widespread use of horizontal drilling and the demand for good control of drilled solids has led to its expanded use.
Xanthan gum has been added to concrete poured underwater, to increase its viscosity and prevent washout.

In cosmetics, xanthan gum is used to prepare water gels.
Xanthan gum is also used in oil-in-water emulsions to enhance droplet coalescence.
Xanthan gum is under preliminary research for its potential uses in tissue engineering to construct hydrogels and scaffolds supporting three-dimensional tissue formation.
Furthermore, thiolated xanthan gum (see thiomers) has shown potential for drug delivery, since by the covalent attachment of thiol groups to this polysaccharide high mucoadhesive and permeation enhancing properties can be introduced.

Xanthan gum is used in food production to improve the texture, consistency and shelf-life of foods such as salad dressings, soups, sauces and baked goods.
Xanthan gum is particularly useful for those with coeliac disease or non-coeliac gluten sensitivity who must follow a gluten-free diet.

This is because gluten-free substitutes for wheat flour need additives like xanthan gum to achieve a product that resembles the texture, crumb and lightness of regular bakes.
Xanthan gum does this by thickening and binding starches to help trap air and mimic the elastic properties of gluten.
Xanthan gum is purchased in powder form and dissolves easily in water.

Xanthan gum is not just found in the kitchen, however – you’ll also find it in your bathroom cabinet. Items like toothpaste, face creams, shampoos and body lotions may all contain xanthan gum.
Xanthan gum helps emulsify and thicken these products, making them more visually appealing and easier to squeeze out or pour.


Shear thinning:
The viscosity of xanthan gum solutions decreases with higher shear rates.
This is called shear thinning or pseudoplasticity.
This means that a product subjected to shear, whether from mixing, shaking or chewing will thin. When the shear forces are removed, the food will thicken again.

In salad dressing, the addition of xanthan gum makes it thick enough at rest in the bottle to keep the mixture fairly homogeneous, but the shear forces generated by shaking and pouring thins Xanthan gum, so it can be easily poured.
When Xanthan gum exits the bottle, the shear forces are removed and Xanthan gum thickens again, so it clings to the salad.

Amounts used:
The greater the ratio of xanthan gum added to a liquid, the thicker the liquid will become.
An emulsion can be formed with as little as 0.1% (by weight).
Increasing the amount of gum gives a thicker, more stable emulsion up to 1% xanthan gum

A teaspoon of xanthan gum weighs about 2.5 grams and brings one cup (250 ml) of water to a 1% concentration.
To make a foam, 0.2–0.8% xanthan gum is typically used.
Larger amounts result in larger bubbles and denser foam.
Egg white powder (0.2–2.0%) with 0.1–0.4% xanthan gum yields bubbles similar to soap bubbles.


Today it is commonly used in:
• Supplements
• Cosmetics
• Baked goods and pastry fillings
• Ice cream and sherbet
• Industrial products
• Jams, jellies and sauces
• Lotions
• Medicines
• Pudding
• Salad dressings
• Toothpastes
• Yogurt

APPLICATIONS OF XANTHAN GUM:
Xanthan gum thickens without the application of heat, which distinguishes it from certain other thickening agents, such as cornstarch and gelatin.
Xanthan gum also retains its thickening properties when cooled, and it is tasteless—features that make it especially useful for canned foods and shelf-stable foods like soups, sauces, gravies, and salad dressings.
Xanthan gum commonly is used with other thickening agents, including guar gum, locust bean gum, carrageenan, gelatin, agar, and pectin.
Xanthan gum may also be paired with starches, such as potato starch, which amplifies its thickening and gelling effects.

As an emusifier, xanthan gum affects viscosity by aiding emulsification and keeps particles from clumping and settling.
Xanthan gum also allows pourable foods, such as salad dressings and barbecue sauces, to flow consistently from their containers.
A very small percentage of xanthan gum—as little as 0.1 percent by weight of the finished product—is needed to produce thickening and emulsifying effects.

The application of xanthan gum as a gelling agent can be seen in jams and jellies.
Xanthan gum is also common in dairy products and ice cream, where it contributes to texture, creating a smooth and creamy mouthfeel by helping to inhibit the formation of water crystals.
Xanthan gum often is used as an ingredient in gluten-free food products, where Xanthan gum acts as an emulsifier and a binder to replicate the lift, tenderness, and elasticity of gluten in doughs.
Because Xanthan gum attracts water, Xanthan gum also helps baked goods retain moisture.

Other applications of xanthan gum include use as a suspension agent in certain medications, such as antibiotics, to ensure proper dosing.
Xanthan gum is also found in personal care products, such as makeup, lotions, and shampoos.
Xanthan gum is slowly replacing carboxymethyl cellulose as a more affordable primary hydrocolloid in toothpaste, where Xanthan gum provides consistency so that the gel can be squeezed from the tube in a solid strand; it also enables the gel to cling to the toothbrush while being spread on teeth.

In the petroleum industry, xanthan gum is added to mud during the hydraulic fracturing process.
When added to drilling mud, because of its thickening properties, xanthan gum facilitates the movement of drill cuttings—pieces of rocks and other solid materials that are removed from boreholes when drilling wells—up to the surface for disposal.
Xanthan gum is also used in some industrial products, including use as a glue in wallpaper paste and as a stabilizer in paint.



PREPARATION OF XANTHAN GUM:
Xanthan gum is produced by the fermentation of glucose and sucrose.
The medium is well-aerated and stirred, and the xanthan polymer is produced extracellularly into the medium.
After one to four days, the polymer is precipitated from the medium by the addition of isopropyl alcohol, and the precipitate is dried and milled to give a powder that is readily soluble in water or brine.

It is composed of pentasaccharide repeat units, comprising glucose, mannose, and glucuronic acid in the molar ratio 2:2:1.

A strain of X. campestris has been developed that will grow on lactose - which allows it to be used to process whey, a waste product of cheese production.
This can produce 30 g/L of xanthan gum for every 40 g/L of whey powder.
Whey-derived xanthan gum is commonly used in many commercial products, such as shampoos and salad dressings.

Detail of the biosynthesis:
Synthesis originates from glucose as substrate for synthesis of the sugar nucleotides precursors UDP-glucose, UDP-glucuronate, and GDP-mannose that are required for building the pentasaccharide repeat unit.
This links the synthesis of xanthan to carbohydrate metabolism.
The repeat units are built up at undecaprenylphosphate lipid carriers that are anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane.

Specific glycosyltransferases sequentially transfer the sugar moieties of the nucleotide sugar xanthan precursors to the lipid carriers.
Acetyl and pyruvyl residues are added as non-carbohydrate decorations.
Mature repeat units are polymerized and exported in a way resembling the Wzy-dependent polysaccharide synthesis mechanism of Enterobacteriaceae.
Products of the gum gene cluster drive synthesis, polymerization, and export of the repeat unit.

WHERE IS XANTHAN GUM FOUND?
Xanthan gum is found in food, personal care and industrial products.

Food Products:
Xanthan gum can improve the texture, consistency, flavor, shelf life and appearance of many foods.
Xanthan gum also stabilizes foods, helping certain foods withstand different temperatures and pH levels.
Additionally, Xanthan gum prevents foods from separating and allows them to flow smoothly out of their containers.

Xanthan gum is used frequently in gluten-free cooking since Xanthan gum can provide the elasticity and fluffiness that gluten gives traditional baked goods.

The following are some common foods that contain xanthan gum:
• Salad dressings
• Bakery products
• Fruit juices
• Soups
• Ice creams
• Sauces and gravies
• Syrups
• Gluten-free products
• Low-fat foods

Personal Care Products:
Xanthan gum is also found in many personal care and beauty products.
Xanthan gum allows these products to be thick, but still flow easily out of their containers.
Xanthan gum also allows solid particles to be suspended in liquids.

The following are some common products that contain xanthan gum:
• Toothpaste
• Creams
• Lotions
• Shampoo
Industrial Products:
Xanthan gum is used in many industrial products due to its ability to withstand different temperatures and pH levels, cling to surfaces and thicken liquids, all while maintaining good flow.

Common industrial products containing xanthan gum include:
• Fungicides, herbicides and insecticides
• Tile, grout, oven and toilet bowl cleaners
• Paints
• Fluids used in oil drilling
• Adhesives like wallpaper glue

HEALTH BENEFITS OF XANTHAN GUM:
Xanthan gum has been linked to other potential health benefits, though these benefits are unlikely to occur without taking supplements.

Some potential health benefits of xanthan gum include:
Lower cholesterol: A study had five men consume 10 times the recommended amount of xanthan gum per day for 23 days.
Subsequent blood tests found that their cholesterol decreased by 10%

Weight loss: People have noted increased fullness after consuming xanthan gum.
Xanthan gum may increase fullness by delaying stomach emptying and slowing digestion

Cancer-fighting properties: A study in mice with melanoma found that Xanthan gum significantly slowed the growth of cancerous tumors and prolonged life.
No human studies have been completed, so the current evidence is weak

Improved regularity: Xanthan gum increases the movement of water into the intestines to create a softer, bulkier stool that’s easier to pass.
Studies have found that Xanthan gum significantly increases the frequency and amount of stool

Thickens liquids: Xanthan gum is used to thicken liquids for those who have difficulty swallowing, such as older adults or people with neurological disorders

Saliva substitute: Xanthan gum is sometimes used as a saliva substitute for individuals suffering from dry mouth, but studies on its effectiveness have found mixed results

When eaten at reasonably high levels, xanthan gum may have some influence on your gut and the speed of digestive transit.
This is because xanthan gum binds with water and swells once eaten; this increases the levels of fluid in the intestine and stimulates the movement of food in the gut, promoting softer, bulkier stools and potentially relieving constipation.

Xanthan gum is also a soluble fibre that acts as ‘fuel’ for the beneficial bacteria that reside in your gut.
These bacteria are important not just for the health of your gut, but for your wider health and well-being, too.

There are also some suggestions that foods containing xanthan gum (again at high levels) may slow the absorption of sugar from the digestive tract and improve satiety.
These findings are also seen when xanthan gum is added to a carb-rich side dish such as rice, where it lowers the overall Glycaemic Index (GI) of the dish.

Similarly, when consumed at sufficient doses, xanthan gum may have a moderate effect on cholesterol levels, with potentially a 10% reduction.

According to a 2009 article published in the journal International Immunopharmacology, for example, xanthan gum was shown to have cancer-fighting properties.
This study evaluated the oral administration of xanthan gum and discovered that it “significantly retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival” of mice inoculated with melanoma cells.

Xanthan gum-based thickeners were also fairly recently found to help oropharyngeal dysphagia patients swallow because of increased viscosity.
This is a condition in which people have a difficulty emptying food into the esophagus because of abnormalities in muscle or nerves.

Common in stroke victims, this use can help people considerably because Xanthan gum can aid aspiration.
Interestingly, this increased viscosity can help reduce blood sugar spikes when xanthan gum is mixed with fruit juice.
In addition to these few studies, some internet sources claim that xanthan gum is good for the skin and hair as well.

Improves texture and consistency:
Xanthan gum is used in tons of food and drink products to improve taste, texture, and consistency.
Xanthan gum can help give gluten-free baked goods (like breads) a springy texture and keep ice cream smooth and thick.

Helps make food safer to swallow:
Some people have difficulty swallowing foods and drinks. (This can happen if you’ve had a stroke or if you develop multiple sclerosis.)

Xanthan gum can help thicken foods and drinks so you’re less likely to aspirate (accidentally inhale food or a drink into your lungs).

Other potential benefits:
A 2012 study suggested that xanthan gum may help reduce blood sugar levels in people with diabetes when it’s combined with a type of fiber called beta glucan or when it’s added to foods.
But research in this area is limited.
Many of the studies suggesting that xanthan gum is helpful for blood sugar control are small and outdated.

On the other hand, a research review showed that xanthan gum may also have laxative effects when used in high doses, which could be helpful for some folks.
That might not be desirable if you’re not dealing with constipation, though.

HOW DOES XANTHAN GUM WORK ?
Xanthan gum swells in the intestine, which stimulates the intestine to push stool through.
Xanthan gum also seems to slow the absorption of sugar from the digestive tract.

EFFECTIVENESS OF XANTHAN GUM:
Xanthan gum seems to reduce constipation.
Xanthan gum seems to improve swallowing and reduce the risk of aspirating food.

WHY DO PEOPLE TAKE XANTHAN GUM?
Research on the health effects of xanthan gum is limited.
Xanthan gum is commonly used as a food additive with few side effects although bloating and gas has been noted.
People use xanthan gum for different purposes, including to try to treat or manage constipationanddiabetes but more studies are needed to confirm the efficacy.

People withceliac diseasemust avoid a protein called gluten.
This protein is found in many grains, including wheat, barley, and rye, making it a common ingredient in baked goods and pasta.
Gluten makes dough stretchy and it helps create the airy texture of baked goods.
When baking, some people who avoid gluten mix xanthan gum with gluten-free flour to achieve the same effects.
Some people who have trouble swallowing add a product called SimplyThick -- which contains xanthan gum -- to foods and drinks to make them easier to swallow.

CAN YOU GET XANTHAN GUM NATURALLY FROM FOODS?
No. Xanthan gum is a food additive.
Xanthan gum is a common ingredient in processed foods.
Some supermarkets also carry xanthan gum alongside other ingredients for baking or in the natural foods area.

SUBSTITUTES FOR XANTHAN GUM:
A handful of alternatives to xanthan gum can thicken food and ensure an even texture:

Psyllium fiber works well as a binding agent and adds fiber to food.
Chia seeds absorb water and make food more gelatinous.
Gelatin helps moisturize food and maintains an even consistency.

Agar is a vegan alternative to some other thickeners, such as gelatin.
Ground flax seeds can bind food and promote a more even texture.
Potato, arrowroot, or cornstarch can also improve the texture, thickness, and other properties of both cold and baked foods.

Cornstarch: Good ole’ cornstarch makes an excellent stand-in for xanthan gum and can be used as a 1-to-1 replacement in recipes.
Chia seeds and water: If you’ve ever made chia seed pudding, you’re familiar with chia’s thickening abilities.
This gooey mix can be used to replace xanthan gum in a straight-up 1-to-1 ratio.

Gelatin: Gelatin is another popular thickener that can replace xanthan gum in a 2-to-1 ratio. (Just keep in mind that gelatin isn’t a vegan option.)
Agar-agar: This algae-derived product can be used as a thickener when xanthan gum isn’t available. You can sub agar-agar for xanthan gum with a 1-to-1 ratio.
Guar gum: Guar gum is super similar to xanthan gum. If you’re in a pinch, guar gum can replace xanthan gum in recipes in a 3-to-1 ratio.


STORAGE OF XANTHAN GUM:
Store xanthan gum in a sealed container away from heat or moisture.
Xanthan gum can be kept in the cupboard with other baking supplies or anywhere out of direct sunlight.
Keeping xanthan gum in a cool, not-too-hot spot will also help prolong its shelf life.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT XANTHAN GUM:
What is xanthan gum?
Xanthan gum is a hydrocolloid that stabilizes and thickens foods.

How is xanthan gum made?
Xanthan gum is made from a bacteria found on the leaf surfaces of green vegetables, including broccoli, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, rutabaga and turnip.
The bacteria is fermented (much like cheese or wine), then dried and ground into powder.

Why is xanthan gum in my food?
Xanthan gum stabilizes and thickens foods to provide the right texture and flavor delivery.

How long has xanthan gum been used in foods?
Xanthan gum was first discovered in the early 1960s, and was approved for use in foods in 1969.

What foods and beverages contain xanthan gum?
Xanthan gum is used in salad dressings, sauces, beverages, dairy products, syrups, toppings, baked goods, confectioneries and candies, breadings, batter, and low fat spreads.

Is xanthan gum permitted for use in the U.S. and in other countries?
Yes. Xanthan gum first received U.S Food and Drug Administration full food additive approval in 1969.
Kelco (now CP Kelco) petitioned xanthan gum to be added to the food additive list.
The approval was based on a full safety assessment by the US FDA.

Countries around the world have approved xanthan gum as a safe food additive.
Xanthan gum is approved for food use globally, including in Canada, Mexico, Brazil, the European Union, China, Japan and Korea.
Xanthan gum’s safety has also been reviewed and endorsed by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO).

Can xanthan gum be used in foods marketed as organic, vegetarian, halal or kosher?
Yes. The U.S. Department of Agriculture National Organic Program lists xanthan gum on the National list for use in organic processing in the U.S.
Xanthan gum is also allowable in organic production in other major markets, including the European Union, Canada, and internationally by WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission guidelines.

Xanthan gum can be verified as vegetarian or vegan by producers.
Xanthan gum can also be halal and kosher certified.

Is xanthan gum gluten-free?
Yes. In fact, xanthan gum is used in many gluten-free foods to create the texture and suspension that gluten often provides.

Why is xanthan gum necessary in foods and beverages?
Xanthan gum provides thickening and suspension.
For example, in a salad dressing that contains spices, xanthan gum helps to suspend the spices as well as maintain a smooth and consistent texture.

How much xanthan gum is used in foods and beverages?
A little bit of xanthan gum goes a long way – you typically find around 0.3% concentration or lower in foods and beverages.
As with most other food additives, only the amount of xanthan gum needed to achieve the desired technological function in a food is used.

Why do some people criticize xanthan gum?
Since xanthan gum is similar in structure to fibers, consuming large quantities can have a laxative effect.
If someone consumes large amounts of any fiber, side effects such as gas and bloating will likely be experienced.
The good news is that xanthan gum is used at such low levels in food products – less than 0.3% in most cases – that side effects are unlikely.

How does the production and use of xanthan gum impact the environment?
Xanthan gum is a sustainable product.
The development and processing of xanthan gum occur in a controlled environment.

Is xanthan gum available to consumers as an everyday food ingredient?
Yes, you can typically find xanthan gum at your local grocery store in the baking aisle.

XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) IUPAC Name of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) 9H-xanthene Experimental Properties of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) Physical Description of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) DryPowder Cream-coloured powder Solubility of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) Soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol Chemical formula: (C35H49O29)n XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM), widely used in food applications, is a heteropolysaccharide produced by submerged aerobic fermentation using a bacterium named Xanthomonas campestris and forms a sterile fermentation medium with carbohydrate, a suitable nitrogen source, potassium phosphate and other trace elements. The polysaccharide produced at the end of the fermentation step is precipitated using isopropyl alcohol and isolated from the medium. The isolated polysaccharide is then centrifuged and then dried to remove residual isopropyl alcohol. The dried XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is milled to be powdered and packed after being sifted through the sieves. The predominant hexose is D-gluco and D-mannose with D-glucuronic acid and pyruvic acid and is prepared as sodium, potassium or calcium salts and the solutions are neutral The XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM), a microbial heteropolysaccharide, consists essentially of a polymer skeleton containing 1,4-linked ß-D-glucose units as in cellulose. In these scaffolded side chains, there is a trisaccharide consisting of one D-glucuronic acid residue between the two D-mannose residues. The polymer also contains 4.7% O-acetyl groups and 3.0-3.5% pu rvric acid as a ketal in the glucose unit. These side chains found in the XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM), which make up about 60% of the molecule, can gain many physical and chemical properties specific to XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM). Because of the side chains, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) can be completely hydrated even in the cold chain. Furthermore, it is stated that these side chains make XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) resistant to hydrolysis. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) which is soluble in water but not soluble in organic solvents; As rheological control agent in water containing systems and as stabilizer for emulsions and suspensions. Apart from these, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM); These properties of the XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) which are easily soluble in 8% of hydrochloric acid, 10% of hydrochloric acid and 25% of phosphoric acid, can be easily dissolved in the solution of sulfuric acid, nitric acid and acetic acid, It can last for months as long as the temperature does not rise. Commercial XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a yellowish powdery substance which is completely soluble in hot or cold water and gives high viscosity solutions at low concentrations. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM)'s aqueous solutions are able to poison up to 50% of some hydrophilic solvents such as ethanol and propylene glycol. The viscosity of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a function of its concentration in its distribution. As with other gauges, the xanthan gauge solenoids also exhibit a pseudo-fluid type. Pseudoplastic fluid type; Mouth sensation, taste perception and suspension formation, which have a significant impact on the formation of properties that affect many sensory qualities. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a distinctive feature that distinguishes the gamma from other gums, as its resistance to temperature and pH is considerably larger. This durability is said to be caused by the side chains in the xanthan molecule being wrapped around the cellulose skeleton. This feature is the XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM); Enzymes, acids, bases, high temperatures, freezing and thawing, and degradation that can occur during long-term mixing. Interaction of these trisaccharide chains with the main chain makes the molecule a very solid rod and increases the stability of heat, acid and base remarkably. Molecular weight is around 2 million and probably larger values are reported due to aggregation. Pyruvic acid content has the highest xanthans, highest viscosity and thermal stability. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) solvers; Are generally not affected by changes in pH value and are soluble in most of the acids and bases. Most of the other hydrocolloids; Low pH values and viscosity at high temperatures, while XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is stable under the same conditions. Features and benefits of the Xanthan range; To form visible clear solutions even at high concentrations, • dissolving in both hot and cold water, • give high viscosity to solutions even at low polysaccharide concentrations, • minimal change in the viscosity of the solutions formed by xanthan over a wide temperature range, • dissolution and stability in both acidic and alkaline solutions, • stability in solutions with high salt concentration, • high resistance to enzymatic degradation, • a good lubricant, • stability after freezing / thawing steps, • it is an extremely effective emulsion stabilizer, • excellent mouth taste, • can be counted as having synergistic properties with other hydrocolloids (guar and locust bean gum). As food application areas; • sauces and salad dressings, • bakery and pastry products, •meat products, •drinks, • fruit preparations, • powder products are in place. Because the viscosity of the solution does not change much with temperature, that is, when it is cooled it does not increase in consistency, so XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM), salad sauces and chocolate syrups are very suitable for use in products that will be consumed as soon as they are removed from the refrigerator. These products should be as easy to pour as they are at room temperature as soon as they leave the refrigerator. In normal salad sauces, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used as a thickener and the particles stabilize suspension in the structure and emulsion in water. The XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM)is generally used in combination with the propylene glycol alginate. When used together they give a solution with less pseudoplasticity and less viscosity. The resulting product has improved pourability and a cream-like smooth structure. Anthan gum; Conforms to other hydrocolloids; Especially locust bean gum and konjacla (gel formation) and guar gum (high viscosity). XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) and guar gamma / gum gamma combinations are used in the stabilization of ice cream and frozen products. This addition of carrageenan prevents the separation of the liquid phase during freezing. Double or triple combinations of these scales are used in various dairy products. Finally, it is used in technical fields in toothpaste, cosmetics, cleaning products, coatings and dyes and fire extinguishers. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a polysaccharide obtained from fermentation of glucose or sucrose with Xanthomonas campestris bacteria. Stabilizer and thickener additive are used as additives. The most important feature of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is its ability to increase consistency even at low concentrations. Use of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) To create visible clear solutions even at high concentrations, Both hot and cold water dissolution, It gives high viscosity to solutions even at low polysaccharide concentrations, Minimal changes in the fluidity of the solutions formed by xanthan in the wide temperature range, The dissolution and stability in both acidic and alkaline solutions, Stability in solutions with high salt concentration, Being a good lubricant, After the freezing / thawing steps, It is an extremely effective emulsion stabilizer, Excellent mouthfeel. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is known as E415 and is used as a stabilizer and thickening additive in food production. One of the most remarkable properties of xanthan gum is its ability to increase its consistency even at very low concentrations. Most food products use 0.5%, even 0.05% Bread, pastry and candies we made with gluten-free flour usually begin to disintegrate and crumble after a short period of time. The duration of the hold is very short. It also does not have the elasticity of products made with normal flours. Food industry Application area tackifier Confectionery sugar and jellies Binding material Coating material Pastry, bakery products emulsifier Salad dressing Create a movie Protective layers, sausage coating Foam fixing XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used as a thickener and stabilizer in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Suspensions are also used as suspending agent, emulsifier, structuring agent or foam enhancer. powdered drink mixes produced in a similar manner sahlep and among our traditional products, ice cream, salad dressings, powdered soups, mayonnaise, is used in various products such as ketchup. It is the reason for preference in the food industry in terms of high consistency which can be achieved especially in the products by extracting the aroma to the foreground and even at the lowest usage rate. In the pharmaceutical industry, tablet binding (adhesive) is used. Food: food, bakery products, bakery products filler, gels and mixtures thereof, batter mixes, biscuit filling, bread, brine solution ham injection, cake mixes, cakes, canned foods, spread cheese, chewing gum, chocolate sauce, coleslaw ornament, confectionery, cottage cheese, cream cheese, dairy products, sweet cream, dessert mixes, desserts / foams, diet products, eggs displacer, reduced-fat margarine, foams, cold soda, frozen food, fruit filling, fruit preparations, gluten-free bread, meat water, ham pumping, ice cream, icings, instant products, prepared soups, liquid / foam powders, Louisiana style hot sauce, mayonnaise, meat batter, the milk shake, filo pastry, pizza sauce, prepared foods, frozen pasta, salad dressings , Sauces, sausages, soft biscuits, sausages, soy sauce, ready-to-eat chocolate drink, sugar eşni are, tomato ketchup, whipped cream and yogurt. Soft drinks: citrus drinks, dietsal soft drinks, fruit juices, fruit flavors and prepared drinks. Drugs: Liquid antibiotics, lozenges, drug emulsions, drug suspensions, syrups, tablets, tablets that delay the release of drug (drug). Personal care: Cosmetics, creams, liquid make-up materials, liquid soap, lotions, shampoos, toiletries, toothpaste. Cleaners / detergents: Acidic cleaners, alkaline cleaners, domestic cleaners, liquid toilet cleaners. Industrial applications: adhesives, agrochemicals, animal feed, bitumen emulsions, calf fillers, ceramic glazes, inks, fire fighting foams, foundry coatings, latex emulsions, latex paints, liquid animal feed, lubricants, metal polishes, mining oil drilling, paint remover material, paper, pet food, wax emulsions, poultry feed, pickling, silicate paints, textiles and carpet dyeing (printing) pastes, fabric (cloth) coatings, water-based paints. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) beauty products and liquid soap, tooth paste, which kullanılır.şampu as a thickener in cosmetic products such as colognes, lotions, cosmetics and hair care products by bazılarıdır.ayrı the cosmetic product prepared with xanthan gain XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) to the cream and to add a feeling of pleasant touch aftershave Can also be used. Use of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) in the Pharmaceutical Sector: XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used in the pharmaceutical sector to regulate the effects of drugs such as antibiotics and to ensure regular dosing. It also helps to stabilize creams containing medicinal chemicals. Agriculture and other sectors XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) industry has a wide range of uses as a thickener and stabilizer. It increases the fluidity of fungicides, herbicides and insecticides. Unique density properties of xanthan solutions increase sprayability, reduce friction and increase the viscosity and permanence of the herbicides. Above all, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a complex exopolysaccharide, i.e. a polymer containing sugar residues secreted by the environment surrounding it by a microorganism. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) produced by plant pathogenic bacteria, a microorganism that causes various diseases in plants, is widely used as a thickener and stabilizing agent in food and industrial products in a wide range. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is widely used today. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) / E-415 Carbohydrate is a high molecular polysaccharide chain produced by a pure culture fermentation with Xanthomonas campestris. It is classified as hydrophilic colloids and their derivatives as a gum. In addition to its utility as an aqueous viscosity enhancer, it is used as a binder, emulsion stabilizer, and various skin conditioning agents and emulsifying surfactants. Stable in solutions containing high concentrations of salt, resistant to enzymatic degradation. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) exhibits extraordinary and useful features. For example; High viscosity at low concentrations, little change in viscosities at varying temperatures, and excellent stability over a wide pH range. It also allows good freeze-thaw stability and exhibits remarkable suspension characteristics. Main functions: Stabilizes emulsions, prevents clotting, improves adhesion, improves texture, gives creamy density, improves mouth feel, improves texture, gives viscosity, stabilizes insoluble ingredients, stabilizes fruit juice in soft drinks, It provides emulsion and foam stability, controls sedimentation, controls drift and adhesion, provides easy flow and pumpability, controls crystallization, provides finer porous structure, increases pitting volume, controls rheology, provides temperature and pH stability, binds water, Allows delayed release of the drug, gives a pleasant skin feel, keeps the active ingredients in suspension, prolongs contact time. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) Product Details: XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a polysaccharide obtained from fermentation of glucose or sucrose with Xanthomonas campestris bacteria. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is known as E415 and it is used as stabilizer and thickener additive in food production. The chemical formula is (C35H49O29) n. The molecular weight is about 10,000. The pH of the 1% solution is 7.3. The XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM), which is a microbiological heteropolysaccharide, is composed of a main polymer skeleton containing 1,4-linked ß-glucoside units as in cellulose. In these scaffolded side chains, there is a trisaccharide composed of Dglucoric acid residues between the two D mannose residues. The polymer also contains 4.7% of the acetyl groups and 3.03.5% of the pyruvic acid. These side chains found in the XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM), which make up about 60% of the molecule, give many physical and chemical properties specific to XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM). Because of the side chains, the XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) can be completely hydrated even in the cold chain. In addition, these side chains are said to make the XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) resistant to hydrolysis. One of the most remarkable properties of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is its ability to increase its consistency even at very low concentrations. Most food products use 0.5%, or even 0.5%. The pseudoelasticity he carries maintains his determination despite his slick sensation in his mouth. Unlike other gamut types, it is stable in large temperature and pH changes and is considered a reliable additive in America, Canada and Europe. Stable in solutions containing high concentrations of salt, resistant to enzymatic degradation. Features and benefits of xantan gamut; Soluble in both hot and cold water, giving high viscosity to solutions even at low polysaccharide concentrations, Minimal change in the fluidity of solutions formed by xanthan in wide temperature range, Solubility and stability in both acidic and alkaline solutions Stability of solutions with high salt concentration, Good lubricity, Stability after frost / dissolution stages, Excellent emulsion stabilizer, Excellent mouth taste. Applications of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) in the Cosmetic Industry: XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM)Features: Carbohydrate is a high molecular polysaccharide chain produced by a pure culture fermentation with Xanthomonas campestris. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is classified as hydrophilic colloids and their derivatives as a gum. In addition to its utility as an aqueous viscosity enhancer, it is used as a binder, emulsion stabilizer, and various skin conditioning agents and emulsifying surfactants. Stable in solutions containing high concentrations of salt, resistant to enzymatic degradation. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) exhibits extraordinary and useful features. For example; High viscosity at low concentrations, little change in viscosities at varying temperatures, and excellent stability over a wide pH range. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) also allows good freeze-thaw stability and exhibits remarkable suspension characteristics. Major functions / characteristics: Stabilizes emulsions, prevents clotting, provides good adhesion, improves texture, improves mouth feel, improves mouthfeel, gives added viscosity, stabilizes insoluble components, stabilizes fruit juice in soft drinks, provides emulsion and foam stability Control sedimentation, control drift and adhesion, provide easy flow and pumpability, control crystallization, provide finer porous structure, increase pitting volume, control rheology, provide temperature and pH stability, bind water, allow delayed drug release in medication Gives a pleasant skin feel, keeps the active ingredients in suspension, prolongs contact time. Industrial applications of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM): adhesives, agrochemicals, animal feed, bitumen emulsions, calf fillers, ceramic glazes, inks, fire fighting foams, foundry coats, latex emulsions, latex paints, liquid animal feed, lubricants, metal polishes, mining, oil Punching, paint remover, paper, pet food, lacquer emulsions, poultry feed, rust removers, silicate dyes, textile and carpet dyeing (printing) adhesives, textile coatings, water based paints. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a sugar-like compound made by mixing aged (fermented) sugars with a certain kind of bacteria. It is used to make medicine. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used for lowering blood sugar and total cholesterol in people with diabetes. It is also used as a laxative. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is sometimes used as a saliva substitute in people with dry mouth (Sjogren's syndrome). In manufacturing, xanthan gum is used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in foods, toothpastes, and medicines. Xanthan gum is also an ingredient in some sustained-release pills. PH 6.0 - 8.0 COLOR White to cream APPEARANCE Free flowing powder INDUSTRY Food Chemicals, Industrial, Industrial Drilling, Oil and Gas Production, Drilling Fluid, Hydraulic Fracturing, Fracking One of the most remarkable properties of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is its ability to produce a large increase in the viscosity of a liquid by adding a very small quantity of gum. The viscosity solutions decrease with higher shear rates, which is called pseudoplasticity. This means that a product subjected to shear, whether from mixing, shaking, or even chewing, will thin out, but once the shear forces are removed, the food will thicken back up. In foods, this gum is used as a good thickening agent which is most often found in salad dressings and sauces. It makes these products thick enough at rest in the bottle to keep the mixture fairly homogeneous, but the shear forces generated by shaking the mixture so it can be easily poured. When it exits the bottle, the shear forces are removed and the mixture thickens back up, so it clings to the salad or food. It is very stable under a wide range of temperatures and pH. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) helps to prevent oil separation by stabilizing the emulsion, although it is not an emulsifier. This gum also helps suspend solid particles, such as spices. Also used in frozen foods and beverages, it helps create the pleasant texture in many ice creams.Gluten-free baking also contains this ingredient; since the gluten found in wheat must be omitted, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used to give the dough or batter a "stickiness" that would otherwise be achieved with the gluten. It is also a preferred method of thickening liquids for those with swallowing disorders, since it does not change the color or flavor of foods or beverages. In personal care, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a stabilizer to prevent ingredients from separating. In toothpaste, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) serves as a binder to keep the product uniform. It is also used to prepare water gel, oil-in-water emulsions to help stabilize the oil droplets against coalescence, and has some skin hydrating properties. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a high molecular weight polysaccharide produced by fermentation of Xanthamonas campestris. The composition and structure of the XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) produced by commercial fermentation is identical to the naturally occurring polysaccharide formed on plants belonging to the cabbage family. Process control and rigorous quality standards throughout production guarantee consistent, reliable product performance. In processed foods, xanthan gum provides stability and improves or modifies textural qualities, pouring characteristics and cling. Exceptional thickening and stabilizing abilities make XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) products a common component in many food systems. For salad dressings, ACAR products are the stabilizers of choice, keeping ingredients suspended uniformly while providing excellent pourability without flavor masking. The dramatic thickening capability of low concentrations of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) provides improved mouthfeel in products such as syrups and powdered juice drinks. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) (/ˈzænθən/) is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive. It is an effective thickening agent and stabilizer to prevent ingredients from separating. It can be produced from simple sugars using a fermentation process, and derives its name from the species of bacteria used, Xanthomonas campestris. Contents 1 History of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) 2 Uses of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) 2.1 Shear thinning 2.2 Amounts used 3 Health 3.1 Safety of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) 4 Preparation of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) 4.1 Detail of the biosynthesis 5 References History of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) was discovered by Allene Rosalind Jeanes and her research team at the United States Department of Agriculture, and brought into commercial production by CP Kelco under the trade name Kelzan® in the early 1960s.[2][3] It was approved for use in foods in 1968 and is accepted as a safe food additive in the USA, Canada, European countries, and many other countries, with E number E415, and CAS number 11138-66-2. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) derives its name from the species of bacteria used during the fermentation process, Xanthomonas campestris.[4] This is the same bacterium responsible for causing black rot to form on broccoli, cauliflower, and other leafy vegetables. Uses of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM), 1%, can produce a significant increase in the viscosity of a liquid.[5] In foods, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is common in salad dressings and sauces. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) helps to prevent oil separation by stabilizing the emulsion, although it is not an emulsifier. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) also helps suspend solid particles, such as spices. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) helps create the desired texture in many ice creams. Toothpaste often contains XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) as a binder to keep the product uniform. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) also helps thicken commercial egg substitutes made from egg whites, to replace the fat and emulsifiers found in yolks. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is also a preferred method of thickening liquids for those with swallowing disorders, since it does not change the color or flavor of foods or beverages at typical use levels.[6] In gluten-free baking, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used to give the dough or batter the stickiness that would otherwise be achieved with gluten. In most foods XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used at concentrations of 0.5% or less. Xanthan gum is used in wide range food products, such as sauces, dressings, meat and poultry products, bakery products, confectionery products, beverages, dairy products, others. In the oil industry, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used in large quantities to thicken drilling mud.[7] These fluids carry the solids cut by the drilling bit to the surface. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) provides great "low end" rheology. When circulation stops, the solids remain suspended in the drilling fluid. The widespread use of horizontal drilling and the demand for good control of drilled solids has led to its expanded use. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) has been added to concrete poured underwater, to increase its viscosity and prevent washout. In cosmetics, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used to prepare water gels.[8] It is also used in oil-in-water emulsions to enhance droplet coalescence.[9] Xanthan gum is under preliminary research for its potential uses in tissue engineering to construct hydrogels and scaffolds supporting three-dimensional tissue formation.[8] Shear thinning The viscosity of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) solutions decreases with higher shear rates. This is called shear thinning or pseudoplasticity. This means that a product subjected to shear, whether from mixing, shaking or chewing will thin. When the shear forces are removed, the food will thicken again. In salad dressing, the addition of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) makes it thick enough at rest in the bottle to keep the mixture fairly homogeneous, but the shear forces generated by shaking and pouring thins it, so it can be easily poured. When it exits the bottle, the shear forces are removed and it thickens again, so it clings to the salad. Amounts used The greater the ratio of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) added to a liquid, the thicker the liquid will become. An emulsion can be formed with as little as 0.1% (by weight). Increasing the amount of gum gives a thicker, more stable emulsion up to 1% XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM). A teaspoon of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) weighs about 2.5 grams and brings one cup (250 ml) of water to a 1% concentration.[6][10] To make a foam, 0.2–0.8% XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is typically used. Larger amounts result in larger bubbles and denser foam. Egg white powder (0.2–2.0%) with 0.1–0.4% XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) yields bubbles similar to soap bubbles. Health Evaluation of workers exposed to XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) dust found evidence of a link to respiratory symptoms.[11] On May 20, 2011, the FDA issued a press release about SimplyThick, a food-thickening additive containing XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) as the active ingredient, warning parents, caregivers and health care providers not to feed SimplyThick, a thickening product, to premature infants.[12] The concern is that the product may cause premature infants to suffer necrotizing enterocolitis. Safety of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) According to a 2017 safety review by a scientific panel of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) (European food additive number E 415) is extensively digested during intestinal fermentation, and causes no adverse effects, even at high intake amounts.[13] The EFSA panel found no concern about genotoxicity from long-term consumption.[13] EFSA concluded that there is no safety concern for the general population when XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is consumed as a food additive.[13] Preparation XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is produced by the fermentation of glucose and sucrose.[13] The polysaccharide is prepared by the bacteria being inoculated into a sterile aqueous solution of carbohydrate(s), a source of nitrogen, dipotassium phosphate, and some trace elements.[13] The medium is well-aerated and stirred, and the xanthan polymer is produced extracellularly into the medium. After one to four days, the polymer is precipitated from the medium by the addition of isopropyl alcohol, and the precipitate is dried and milled to give a powder that is readily soluble in water or brine.[13] XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is composed of pentasaccharide repeat units, comprising glucose, mannose, and glucuronic acid in the molar ratio 2:2:1.[13][14] A strain of X. campestris has been developed that will grow on lactose - which allows it to be used to process whey, a waste product of cheese production. This can produce 30 g/L of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) for every 40 g/L of whey powder. Whey-derived XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is commonly used in many commercial products, such as shampoos and salad dressings.[15] Detail of the biosynthesis Synthesis originates from glucose as substrate for synthesis of the sugar nucleotides precursors UDP-glucose, UDP-glucuronate, and GDP-mannose that are required for building the pentasaccharide repeat unit.[13] This links the synthesis of xanthan to carbohydrate metabolism. The repeat units are built up at undecaprenylphosphate lipid carriers that are anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane.[citation needed] Specific glycosyltransferases sequentially transfer the sugar moieties of the nucleotide sugar xanthan precursors to the lipid carriers. Acetyl and pyruvyl residues are added as non-carbohydrate decorations. Mature repeat units are polymerized and exported in a way resembling the Wzy-dependent polysaccharide synthesis mechanism of Enterobacteriaceae. Products of the gum gene cluster drive synthesis, polymerization, and export of the repeat unit.

Xanthan gum (e415) is then dried and turned into a powder.
Xanthan gum (e415) is a popular food additive that’s commonly added to foods as a thickener or stabilizer.


CAS Number:11138-66-2
EC Number: 234-394-2
MDL number: MFCD00131256
Molecular Formula: (C35H49O29)n



SYNONYMS:
Gum xanthan, E415, Natural Xanthan Gum, Stabilizer (415), Stabilizer (E415), Thickening Agent (E415), Thickening Agent (INS 415), Vegetable Gum (415), Vegetable Gum (E415), E415, Edible Gum (E415), Emulsifier (E415), Emulsifier (INS 415), Emulsifier & Stabilizers E415, Emulsifying & Stabilizing Agent (INS 415), Emulsifying & Stabilizing Agents (E415), Emulsifying agent E415, Food Grade Xanthan Gum (Stabilising Agent E415), Gum Blend (Xanthan Gum, Guar Gum)



Xanthan gum (e415) is a popular food additive that’s commonly added to foods as a thickener or stabilizer.
Xanthan gum (e415)’s created when sugar is fermented by a type of bacteria called Xanthomonas campestris.
When sugar is fermented, Xanthan gum (e415) creates a broth or goo-like substance, which is made solid by adding an alcohol.


Xanthan gum (e415) is then dried and turned into a powder.
When Xanthan gum (e415) powder is added to a liquid, it quickly disperses and creates a viscous and stable solution.
This makes Xanthan gum (e415) a great thickening, suspending and stabilizing agent for many products.


Xanthan gum (e415) was discovered by scientists in 1963.
Since then, Xanthan gum (e415) has been well researched and determined safe.
Therefore, the FDA has approved it as a food additive and placed no limitations on the amount of Xanthan gum (e415) a food can contain.


Even though Xanthan gum (e415)’s made in a lab, it’s a soluble fiber.
Xanthan gum (e415) is soluble fibers are carbs that your body cannot breakdown.
Instead, they absorb water and turn into a gel-like substance in your digestive system, which slows digestion.


Therefore, your body is unable to digest Xanthan gum (e415), and it does not provide any calories or nutrients.
Xanthan gum (e415), a high molecular weight polysaccharide, is a popular food additive that is frequently used as a thickener and emulsifier in various food products including bread, sauces, cake, etc.


Xanthan gum (e415) thickener is a normal powder produced by fermentation of corn starch and bean protein with Xanthomonas campestris.
Xanthan gum (e415) is a vital ingredient in the food industry, and its benefits are notable.
With its versatility and effectiveness as a thickener and stabilizer, the use of Xanthan gum (e415) in food and Xanthan gum (e415) for sale is guaranteed to enhance the quality of any food product, whether it's created in a commercial kitchen or a home kitchen.


Xanthan gum (e415) sauce thickener, due to its excellent thickening and stabilizing properties, is widely used in the food industry for preparing a variety of sauces, including salad dressings, marinades, and gravies.
Moreover, Xanthan gum (e415) emulsifier means it helps to combine oil and water-based ingredients that are usually separate from each other.


Therefore, Xanthan gum (e415) emulsifiers and thickeners are used in a wide range of food products like beverages, dairy products, bakery goods, and more.
An additive used as a thickener, stabiliser and emulsifier, Xanthan gum (e415) is made when strains of the Xanthomonas campestris bacteria are fed a solution of glucose, derived from corn, soy, dairy or wheat.


The bacteria ferments the sugary solution, creating a sticky protective coat that has a consistency suitable for binding and thickening ingredients.
It's these properties that make Xanthan gum (e415) useful in food production – most notably in gluten-free baking, where it helps starches combine and improves the rise of gluten-free bakes.


The food additive, Xanthan gum (e415), is a substance that acts as an emulsifier, stabiliser, thickener, filler and binder.
Xanthan gum (e415) is a fermentation gum.
Chemically Xanthan gum (e415) is a high molecular weight polysaccharide obtained by aerobic fermentation of glucose in pure culture at ph = 6,0-7,5 and 28-30o C by the bacterium Xantomonas Campestris.


After fermentation, the biosynthesized mass is purified by extraction with ethanol, or with propan-2-ol, then dried and ground.
Contains D-glucose and D-mannose, D-glucuronic acid and pyruvic acid.
Xanthan gum (e415) is obtained as potassium, sodium or calcium salts.


The bacterial strains used in Xanthan gum (e415) production are the most efficient for it production.
Some of these strains are commercially available.
The composition of the nutrient medium used in Xanthan gum (e415) production is adjusted to contain the nutrients required for Xanthan gum (e415) production.


Xanthan gum (e415) production is an important process used in food, cosmetics and industrial products. Xanthan gum (e415) production is a high efficiency and low cost process.
Xanthan gum (e415) is a popular food additive that’s commonly added to foods as a thickener or stabilizer.


Xanthan gum (e415)’s created when sugar is fermented by a type of bacteria called Xanthomonas campestris.
When sugar is fermented, Xanthan gum (e415) creates a broth or goo-like substance, which is made solid by adding an alcohol.
Xanthan gum (e415) is then dried and turned into a powder.


When Xanthan gum (e415) is added to a liquid, it quickly disperses and creates a viscous and stable solution.
This makes Xanthan gum (e415) a great thickening, suspending and stabilizing agent for many products.
Xanthan gum (e415) was discovered by scientists in 1963.


Since then, Xanthan gum (e415) has been well researched and determined safe.
Therefore, the FDA has approved it as a food additive and placed no limitations on the amount of Xanthan gum (e415) a food can contain.
Even though Xanthan gum (e415)’s made in a lab, it’s a soluble fiber.


Soluble fibers are carbs that your body cannot breakdown.
Instead, they absorb water and turn into a gel-like substance in your digestive system, which slows digestion (3Trusted Source).
Therefore, your body is unable to digest Xanthan gum (e415), and it does not provide any calories or nutrients.


Xanthan gum (e415), also known as corn sugar gum, is a naturally occurring polysaccharide obtained from the fermentation of glucose or sucrose by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris.
Xanthan gum (e415) is approved in the EU as a food additive under the number E415.


The human organism cannot metabolize Xanthan gum (e415), which is why it can be counted among dietary fibers.
Xanthan gum (e415) is a type of polysaccharide.
Xanthan gum (e415) is produced by aerobic fermentation of sugars by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris.


Xanthan gum (e415) (/ˈzænθən/) is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive.
Xanthan gum (e415) is an effective thickening agent and stabilizer that prevents ingredients from separating.
Xanthan gum (e415) can be produced from simple sugars by fermentation and derives its name from the species of bacteria used, Xanthomonas campestris.


Xanthan gum (e415) derives its name from the species of bacteria used during the fermentation process, Xanthomonas campestris.
Xanthan gum (e415), 1%, can produce a significant increase in the viscosity of a liquid.
Xanthan gum (e415) is a high molecular weight polysaccharide produced by fermentation of a carbohydrate with Xanthomonas campestris.


Xanthan gum (e415) is a high-molecular-weight extracellular polysaccharide widely used as a thickener, emulsifier and stabiliser in food.
Unlike other polysaccharide gums, Xanthan gum (e415) is made from bacterial fermentation rather than extraction from plants.
Xanthan gum (e415) is a cream-coloured, free-flowing powder boasting a neutral flavour taste.


Even at low concentrations, Xanthan gum (e415) solutions offer a higher degree of viscosity than other polysaccharides.
Xanthan gum (e415) solutions are highly pseudoplastic to enhance sensory qualities (flavour release, mouthfeel) and guarantee good pouring.
Xanthan gum (e415) also improves the freeze/thaw stability of frozen foods.


Xanthan gum (e415) is food safe with fine particle size - FF (other grades available).
Xanthan gum (e415) is a natural polysaccharide, cold water soluble product made from the fermentation of carbohydrates.
Xanthan gum (e415) is produced by a biotechnological process involving fermentation of glucose or sucrose by the Xanthomonas campestris bacterium.


Xanthan gum (e415) was discovered by an extensive research effort by the United States Department of Agriculture, which involved the screening of a large number of biopolymers for their potential uses.
One of the most remarkable properties of Xanthan gum (e415) is its capability of producing a large increase in the viscosity of a liquid by adding a very small quantity of gum of the order of one percent.


Unlike other gums Xanthan gum (e415) is very stable under a wide range of temperatures and pH, and is accepted as a safe food additive in USA and Europe.
Xanthan gum (e415) will prevent ice crystals from forming in homemade ice cream.
Xanthan gum (e415)’s also a common ingredient in gluten-free baked goods (cake, pizza, ...).


Xanthan gum (e415) is soluble in hot and cold water.
Xanthan gum (e415) is highly resistant to temperature variations.
Xanthan gum (e415) is a fibrous carbohydrate and a stabilizer with hydrocolloid properties used as a thickening additive.


Xanthan gum (e415) gives high consistency even at very low concentration.
Xanthan gum (e415) is produced by fermenting corn starch with a bacterium (Xanthomonas campestris).
When preparing a vinaigrette for your salad, add a small amount of Xanthan gum (e415).


In this way, without the need to use egg yolk (lecithin), Xanthan gum (e415) will bind your salad dressing and create a sauce by preventing the oil and acid from separating from each other.
Xanthan gum (e415), also known as E415, is a high molecular weight natural polysaccharide containing mainly glucose, mannose and glucuronic acid.


Commercial Xanthan gum (e415) in the form of yellowish powder provides high viscosity to the solution it is added to, even at low concentrations.
Xanthan gum (e415) can improve the structure, consistency, flavor and shelf life of many food items.
Xanthan gum (e415) prevents food from separating and ensures that it flows smoothly from the containers.


Xanthan gum (e415) is a popular food additive added as a food thickener or stabilizer.
Xanthan gum (e415) is an additive frequently used in the food industry.
This naturally soft polysaccharide, Xanthan gum (e415), forms a gel when mixed with water, causing an increase in viscosity.
Xanthan gum (e415) is also known as KSANTAN SAND.



USES and APPLICATIONS of XANTHAN GUM (e415):
Food producers use the odorless, slightly yellowish powder, Xanthan gum (e415), as a gelling agent, thickener and filler.
Applications of Xanthan gum (e415): Baby Food, Bakery, Beverages, Dairy Alternatives, Meat Alternatives, Plant-based Products, Ready Meals, Sauces, Dressings, Seasonings, Confectionery


Xanthan gum (e415) is used as a thickener and emulsifier (rheology modifier) in food products.
Xanthan gum (e415) is used in many foods.
These include desserts, ice cream, milkshakes, jelly, jam, marmalade, sour vegetables, soups, sauces, ketchup, mayonnaise, canned fish, canned meat, baked goods, canned fruit and canned vegetables.


B2B suppliers deliver not only to food manufacturers, but also to medical and cosmetic product companies, as Xanthan gum (e415) is also suitable for shampoos and washing gels, for example.
Xanthan gum (e415) comes in powder form and is widely used in foods, cosmetics and industrial products.


Xanthan gum (e415) Powder in gluten free baking: Xanthan gum (e415), along with guar gum, is one of the main substitutes used in gluten free baking.
Xanthan gum (e415) is used as a food thickening ingredient and a stabilizer, to prevent ingredients from separating.
Xanthan gum (e415) is used mixing with various oils and floating paints for marbelling.


Xanthan gum (e415) is used as a thickener and stabilizer in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Xanthan gum (e415) is also used in sahleps, one of our traditional products, and powdered drink mixtures produced in a similar style.
In addition to all these, Xanthan gum (e415) is also a source of foods such as ice cream, salad dressings and ketchup.


Food: Xanthan gum (e415) in food can control the rheology, structure, flavor, and appearance of the product, and its pseudo-plasticity can ensure a good taste, so thickener e415 is widely used in salad dressings, bread, dairy products, frozen food, beverages, condiments, brewing, candy, cakes, soups, and canned foods.


Daily chemicals uses of Xanthan gum (e415): Xanthan gum (e415) e415 is used as the main functional ingredient in most high-end cosmetics.
In addition, Xanthan gum (e415) for sale can also be used as a component of toothpaste to substantially thicken and set the shape, reducing tooth surface wear.


Xanthan gum (e415) is also used in pharmaceuticals, as a binder and emulsifier in tablet formulations.
Xanthan gum (e415) can also be added to ice cream to prevent ice crystals from forming.
Xanthan gum (e415) will produce a large increase in the viscosity of a liquid by adding a very small amount (around 1%).


However, in most applications, Xanthan gum (e415) is used at 0.5% or even as low as 0.05%.
In foods, Xanthan gum (e415) is often found in salad dressings and sauces.
Xanthan gum (e415) helps to prevent oil separation by stabilising the emulsion.


Xanthan gum (e415) also helps suspend solid particles, such as spices.
Xanthan gum (e415) is used in frozen foods and beverages, it helps create a pleasant texture in ice creams and does not change the colour or flavour of foods or beverages.


Xanthan gum (e415) is suitable for Vegans & Vegetarians, Non-GMO, Gluten Free.
Xanthan gum (e415) is used stabiliser, emulsifier, thickener and texture improver in sauces and dressings.
Add Xanthan gum (e415) to Agar Agar and Carrageenan Kappa to produce more stable gels.


Xanthan gum (e415) is used in ice cream to improve texture and stop ice crystals from forming.
Xanthan gum (e415) stabilises foams when using a whipper gun, which can be served hot or cold.
Xanthan gum (e415) is used for pastry and pie fillings to prevent weeping of the filling.


Xanthan gum (e415) is suitable for Vegans, Non-GMO, Gluten Free.
Xanthan gum (e415) is used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in foods, to create light foam and hence can be found in sauces, mayonnaise, dressings, coffee, poultry products, confectionery products and in baking is used as a way to achieve gluten-free baking as it provides it with stickiness that gluten wold otherwise provide.


Additionally Xanthan gum (e415) can also be found in toothpastes, in cosmectics it is used to create water-gel based creams and lotions and industrial products like fungicides, herbicides and adhesives.
Xanthan gum (e415) can be used by all religious groups, vegans and vegetarians.


Xanthan gum (e415) is then dried and turned into a powder.
When Xanthan gum (e415) powder is added to a liquid, it quickly disperses and creates a viscous and stable solution.
This makes Xanthan gum (e415) a great thickening, suspending and stabilizing agent for many products.


Xanthan gum (e415) can be used as a thickener or a stabilizer and reheology control agent for food, pharmaceutical, toothpaste.
In food field, Xanthan gum (e415) can be added to beverages, dairy, confectionery, bakery, frozen desserts, meat and etc.


Areas of Use of Xanthan gum (e415): Food, Medicine, Cosmetics, Agriculture, Pet Food, Processed Meat Products, Pastry and Bakery Products, Sauces, Beer, Ice Cream, Pasta, Fruit Juices, Cheese Production Frozen Foods.
Xanthan gum (e415) is used as an important additive in the food industry.


Xanthan gum (e415), also known with the code E415, is used to increase the stability of food products, improve their texture and keep their fluidity under control.
Xanthan gum (e415), a natural polysaccharide, can be used in many food products and offers an alternative solution to consumers with gluten intolerance.


Xanthan gum (e415) is used at a rate of 0.05% - 0.5% in many food products.
Xanthan gum (e415) is often used to stabilize emulsions, increase the viscosity of liquids or control foam formation.
In addition, since Xanthan gum (e415) is a gluten-free alternative, it is frequently preferred in gluten-free or low glycemic index products.


Xanthan gum (e415) is a widely used additive in the food industry.
Xanthan gum (e415) forms a gel when mixed with water, causing an increase in viscosity.
Xanthan gum (e415) is used to stabilize emulsions, increase the viscosity of liquids and control foam formation.


Since Xantham - Gum is a gluten-free alternative, Xanthan gum (e415) is preferred in gluten-free or low glycemic index products.
Xanthan gum (e415), produced through microbial fermentation using Xanthomonas campestris bacteria, has a wide range of uses in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and textile industries.


Xanthan gum (e415); Apart from the food industry, where it is widely used as an additive, it is included in the formulation as a thickener and stabilizer in the production of various products, from textiles to cleaning agents, from pharmaceuticals and cosmetics to paints and inks.
Xanthan gum (e415) is used in the production of low-fat foods.


Xanthan gum (e415) is used in the production of gluten-free products.
Xanthan gum (e415) is used as a stabilizer and thickening additive in food production.
Xanthan gum (e415) gives high consistency even at very low concentration.


Xanthan gum (e415) is used at a rate of 0.05% - 0.5% in many food products.
Xanthan gum (e415)'s E code is (E 415).
Xanthan gum (e415) is used Food, Medicine, Cosmetics, Agriculture, Pet food, Processed Meat Products, Pastry and Bakery Products, Sauces, Beer, Ice Cream, Pasta, Juices, and Cheese Production Frozen Foods,


Xanthan gum (e415) is a natural polysaccharide used as a mixing agent and often found in the food industry.
Xanthan gum (e415) is a substance secreted by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris, a microorganism obtained through fermentation .
Xanthan gum (e415) has many different functions such as viscosity enhancer, emulsifier and stabilizer.


Xanthan gum (e415) is a mixing agent often used in the food industry.
Xanthan gum (e415) is preferred as a texture additive, especially in the production of gluten-free or low-gluten foods.
Xanthan gum (e415) is also used for various purposes in the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics industry and other industries.


In foods, Xanthan gum (e415) is common in salad dressings and sauces.
Xanthan gum (e415) helps to prevent oil separation by stabilizing the emulsion, although it is not an emulsifier.
Xanthan gum (e415) also helps suspend solid particles, such as spices.


Xanthan gum (e415) helps create the desired texture in many ice creams.
Toothpaste often contains Xanthan gum (e415) as a binder to keep the product uniform.
Xanthan gum (e415) also helps thicken commercial egg substitutes made from egg whites, to replace the fat and emulsifiers found in yolks.


Xanthan gum (e415) is also a preferred method of thickening liquids for those with swallowing disorders, since it does not change the color or flavor of foods or beverages at typical use levels.
In gluten-free baking, Xanthan gum (e415) is used to give the dough or batter the stickiness that would otherwise be achieved with gluten.


In most foods, Xanthan gum (e415) is used at concentrations of 0.5% or less.
Xanthan gum (e415) is used in a wide range of food products, such as sauces, dressings, meat and poultry products, bakery products, confectionery products, beverages, dairy products, and others.


In the oil industry, Xanthan gum (e415) is used in large quantities to thicken drilling mud.
These fluids carry the solids cut by the drilling bit to the surface.
Xanthan gum (e415) provides improved "low end" rheology. When circulation stops, the solids remain suspended in the drilling fluid.


The widespread use of horizontal drilling and the demand for good control of drilled solids has led to its expanded use.
Xanthan gum (e415) has been added to concrete poured underwater, to increase its viscosity and prevent washout.
In cosmetics, Xanthan gum (e415) is used to prepare water gels.


Xanthan gum (e415) is also used in oil-in-water emulsions to enhance droplet coalescence.
Xanthan gum (e415) is under preliminary research for its potential uses in tissue engineering to construct hydrogels and scaffolds supporting three-dimensional tissue formation.


Furthermore, thiolated Xanthan gum (e415) (see thiomers) has shown potential for drug delivery, since by the covalent attachment of thiol groups to this polysaccharide high mucoadhesive and permeation enhancing properties can be introduced


-Usage of Xanthan gum (e415) in foods:
Xanthan gum (e415) is used as a thickener, stabilizer and emulsifier in foods.
Xanthan gum (e415) is found in many food products such as yoghurt, sauces, soups, ice cream, jam, marmalade, sauces, mayonnaise, salad dressings, sauces, bread, cakes, cookies, chocolate, confectionery, toothpaste and mouthwash.
Xanthan gum (e415) helps improve the consistency and texture of foods, creating a homogeneous texture, preventing them from separating and keeping them fresher longer.


-Usage of Xanthan gum (e415) in cosmetics:
Xanthan gum (e415) is used as a thickener, stabilizer and emulsifier in cosmetics.
Xanthan gum (e415) is found in many cosmetic products such as moisturizers, creams, lotions, shampoos, conditioners, toothpaste, mouthwash, make-up products and cleaning products.
Xanthan gum (e415) helps improve the consistency and texture of cosmetics, creating a homogeneous texture, preventing segregation and keeping them fresher longer.


-Usage of Xanthan gum (e415) in industrial products:
Xanthan gum (e415) is used as a thickener, stabilizer and emulsifier in industrial products.
Xanthan gum (e415) is found in many industrial products such as paints, inks, adhesives, ceramics, textiles, paper, plastic and concrete.
Xanthan gum (e415) helps improve the consistency and structure of industrial products, creating a homogeneous texture, preventing decomposition and keeping them fresher longer.


-Use of Xanthan gum (e415) in the Food Industry:
The Role and Benefits of E415
Xanthan gum (e415), which has an important place among the additives used in the food industry, is also known with the code E415.

Xanthan gum (e415), also called Xantham - Gum, is used especially to improve the texture and increase the stability of food products.
Xanthan gum (e415) is a type of natural polysaccharide and is obtained by fermentation by bacteria.
Xanthan gum (e415) has a special structure that forms a gel and increases viscosity when mixed with water.

Xanthan gum (e415) is used in foods for functions such as forming gels, stabilizing emulsions and increasing fluidity.
The role of Xanthan gum (e415) in the food industry is quite extensive.
Xanthan gum (e415), used in many products such as yoghurt, cheese, sauces, ice cream, bread and bakery products, helps maintain the quality of the products.

In addition, the fact that Xanthan gum (e415) can be used in gluten-free products provides an important advantage, especially for people with gluten intolerance.



WHAT IS XANTHAN GUM (e415) USED FOR?
Xanthan gum (e415) is used in food production to improve the texture, consistency and shelf-life of foods such as salad dressings, soups, sauces and baked goods.
Xanthan gum (e415) is particularly useful for those with coeliac disease or non-coeliac gluten sensitivity who must follow a gluten-free diet.

This is because gluten-free substitutes for wheat flour need additives like Xanthan gum (e415) to achieve a product that resembles the crumb and lightness of regular bakes.
Xanthan gum (e415) does this by thickening and binding starches, mimicking the elastic properties of gluten.

Xanthan gum (e415) is purchased in powder form and dissolves easily in water.
Xanthan gum (e415) is also used in numerous household products, from wallpaper paste to cosmetics.

Items like toothpaste, face creams, shampoos and body lotions may all contain Xanthan gum (e415).
Xanthan gum (e415) helps emulsify and thicken these products, making them more visually appealing and easier to squeeze out or pour.



FUNCTION AND PROPERTIES OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
Xanthan gum (e415) stabilizes emulsions as its main functional properties.
Xanthan gum (e415) also prevents clotting and ensures good adhesion.

In line with the general structure of Xanthan gum (e415), which stabilizes the fruit essence to a good degree in soft drinks, you will have the opportunity to obtain clear results from the effects of each use.

While Xanthan gum (e415) increases the mouthfeel in emulsions, it also provides finer drift, prevention of sticking and at the same time keeps the active ingredients in suspension.
Considering each of these features, Xanthan gum (e415) provides progress with as effective a structure as possible.



FEATURE OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
High temperature resistance, freeze-thaw stability, special shear and high emulsification performance; high stability at high temperature, able to maintain the moisture content of baked goods and increase the taste; complete solubility and stability under low PH conditions.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
*Very low caloric value,
*Highly resistant to enzymatic degradation,
*Excellent freeze/thaw stability,
*Very resistant to pH variations,
*Highly resistant to temperature variations



PRODUCTION OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
*Raw Materials and Production Process
Xanthan gum (e415) is a natural food additive and is generally used as a thickener and stabilizer in the food industry.
The production process of Xanthan gum (e415) E415 is carried out very meticulously and is achieved by combining certain raw materials.

*raw materials
For the production of Xanthan gum (e415), sucrose obtained from sugar cane, Xanthomonas campestris, a microorganism, and potassium chloride, a salt, are generally used.
The production process is started by combining these raw materials appropriately.



PRODUCTION PROCESS OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
The production process of Xanthan gum (e415) generally consists of these steps:
1) Sucrose and Xanthomonas campestris microorganism are mixed in a suitable environment.
2) The fermentation process begins and the microorganism produces Xanthan gum (e415) using sucrose.
3) Product stabilization is achieved by adding potassium chloride.

After the production process, Xanthan gum (e415) is subjected to various processes to obtain the product with the desired consistency and quality.
In this way, Xanthan gum (e415), which finds wide use in the food industry, is preferred to protect and improve the structure of many products as desired.



SOURCE OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
Xanthan gum (e415) is used as a binder, emulsion and various skin healing agent and emulsifying surfactant.
The detailed use of Xanthan gum (e415) is also very effective, especially in providing freezing and melting stability.



PROPERTIES OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
Xanthan gum (e415) made of natural sugar based polymers, the wanthan gum has many properties:
*Xanthan gum (e415) increases the viscosity of cold/hot liquid and pasty preparations (soups, creams, ice creams, nappages, coulis, syrups)
*Xanthan gum (e415) is used as a stabilizing and emulsifying agent, particularly in emulsified sauces (salad dressing, béarnaise, mayonnaise, marinades, vinaigrettes, hot sauces...)
*Xanthan gum (e415) increases the moist of bread and brioche
*Xanthan gum (e415) is used in dietetic pastries as a texturing agent.



WHAT DOES XANTHAN GUM (e415) DO AND HOW DO ı USE XANTHAN GUM (e415)?
Xanthan gum (e415) is a thickening and suspending agent that is heat stable, wth good tolerance for strongly acidic and basic solutions.
Viscosity of Xanthan gum (e415) remains stable over wide temperature range.
These propertities make Xanthan gum (e415) an ideal emulsifier, it also has synegistic effects with other hydrocolloids especially Guar Gum.



HISTORY OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
Xanthan gum (e415) was first discovered in 1953 by a group of scientists working at Cornell University in the United States.
These scientists discovered that Xanthan gum (e415), a polysaccharide produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris by fermenting sugars, could be used as a potential food additive.

Xanthan gum (e415) was first used in the food industry in the 1960s.
Xanthan gum (e415) was used to improve the consistency and texture of products such as yogurt, sauces and soups.
Xanthan gum (e415) quickly gained popularity and is widely used in many food products today.

Xanthan gum (e415) began to be used in the cosmetic industry in the 1970s.
Xanthan gum (e415) was used to improve the consistency and texture of products such as moisturizers, creams and lotions.

Xanthan gum (e415) is widely used in cosmetic products today.
Xanthan gum (e415) began to be used in industrial products in the 1980s.

Xanthan gum (e415) was used to improve the consistency and texture of products such as paints, inks and adhesives. Xanthan gum (e415) is widely used in industrial products today.
Xanthan gum (e415) is an important additive widely used today in food, cosmetics and industrial products.

Important dates regarding the history of Xanthan gum (e415):
*1953: Xanthan gum (e415) was discovered at Cornell University.
*1960s: Xanthan gum (e415) began to be used in the food industry.
*1970s: Xanthan gum (e415) began to be used in the cosmetic industry.
*1980s: Xanthan gum (e415) began to be used in industrial products.



GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
Xanthan gum (e415) is produced by obtaining xanthan, a natural polysaccharide, through fermentation.
Xanthan gum (e415) has the ability to form a gel by creating high viscosity when mixed with water.
Xanthan gum (e415) is soluble and stable at low temperature.

Xanthan gum (e415) is used in the food industry for various functions such as gel formation, emulsion stabilization and rheology control.
Xanthan gum (e415) is an additive generally used in many different products in the food processing industry.
Xanthan gum (e415) has important functions such as giving the products the desired texture, increasing stability and controlling rheology.



SHEAR THINNING OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
The viscosity of Xanthan gum (e415) solutions decreases with higher shear rates.
This is called shear thinning or pseudoplasticity.
This means that a product subjected to shear, whether from mixing, shaking or chewing, will thin.

When the shear forces are removed, the food will thicken again.
In salad dressing, the addition of Xanthan gum (e415) makes it thick enough at rest in the bottle to keep the mixture fairly homogeneous, but the shear forces generated by shaking and pouring thins it, so it can be easily poured.

When it exits the bottle, the shear forces are removed and Xanthan gum (e415) thickens again, so it clings to the salad.
The rheology of xanthan aqua solutions become visco-elastic at higher concentrations of Xanthan gum (e415) in water.



CONCENTRATIONS USED OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
The greater the concentration of Xanthan gum (e415) in a liquid, the thicker the liquid will become.
An emulsion can be formed with as little as 0.1% (by weight).
Increasing the concentration of gum gives a thicker, more stable emulsion up to 1% Xanthan gum (e415).
A teaspoon of Xanthan gum (e415) weighs about 2.5 grams and brings one cup (250 ml) of water to a 1% concentration.

To make a foam, 0.2–0.8% Xanthan gum (e415) is typically used.
Larger amounts result in larger bubbles and denser foam.
Egg white powder (0.2–2.0%) with 0.1–0.4% Xanthan gum (e415) yields bubbles similar to soap bubbles.



PREPARATION OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
Xanthan gum (e415) is produced by the fermentation of glucose and sucrose.
The medium is well-aerated and stirred, and the xanthan polymer is produced extracellularly into the medium.

After one to four days, the polymer is precipitated from the medium by the addition of isopropyl alcohol, and the precipitate is dried and milled to give a powder that is readily soluble in water or brine.
Xanthan gum (e415) is composed of pentasaccharide repeat units, comprising glucose, mannose, and glucuronic acid in the molar ratio 2:2:1.

A strain of X. campestris that will grow on lactose has been developed – which allows it to be used to process whey, a waste product of cheese production.
This can produce 30 g/L of Xanthan gum (e415) for every 40 g/L of whey powder.
Whey-derived Xanthan gum (e415) is commonly used in many commercial products, such as shampoos and salad dressings.



WHAT IS THE SOURCE OF XANTHAN GUM (e415)?
Xanthan gum (e415) is considered natural.
Xanthan gum (e415) is produced through fermentation by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris.
While the production process involves microbial fermentation, Xanthan gum (e415) is not synthesized from petrochemicals or other artificial sources, categorizing it as a natural thickening and stabilizing agent in the food industry.
As Xanthan gum (e415) is derived from the fermentation of plant based materials like glucose and sucrose, it is considered vegan and vegetarian.



ORIGIN OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
Xanthan gum (e415) is a natural polysaccharide, produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris from sugar and molasses.



FUNCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
*Thickening agent,
*stabiliser
*emulsifier.



HISTORY OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
Xanthan gum (e415) was discovered by Allene Rosalind Jeanes and her research team at the United States Department of Agriculture, and brought into commercial production by CP Kelco under the trade name Kelzan in the early 1960s.
Xanthan gum (e415) was approved for use in foods in 1968 and is accepted as a safe food additive in the US, Canada, European countries, and many other countries, with E number E415, and CAS number 11138-66-2.



HOW TO USE OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
Xanthan gum (e415) can produce a large increase in the viscosity of a liquid by adding a small amount (usually around 1%), however, in most applications, it is used at 0.5% or even as low as 0.05%



PACKAGING OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
Dried Xanthan gum (e415) is packaged and made ready for use.
Xanthan gum (e415) production is usually carried out in large-scale tanks.
A nutrient medium containing sugar, nitrogen source, potassium phosphate and other trace elements is added to the tanks.
Then, Xanthomonas campestris bacterial culture is added to the tanks and left to ferment under aerobic conditions.
After fermentation is complete, Xanthan gum (e415) is isolated from the medium and dried.



PRODUCTION OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
Xanthan gum (e415) is a polysaccharide produced by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris by fermenting sugars.
Xanthan gum (e415) production consists of the following basic steps:


*Preparation of growth medium:
For the production of Xanthan gum (e415), a growth medium is prepared containing sugar (glucose, sucrose, fructose, etc.), nitrogen source (ammonium nitrate, ammonia, etc.), potassium phosphate and other trace elements.


*Preparation of bacterial culture:
Xanthomonas campestris bacteria is grown in a sterile environment.


*Fermentation:
Bacterial culture is added to the growth medium and allowed to ferment under aerobic conditions.
Fermentation time varies depending on the bacterial strain used for Xanthan gum (e415) production and the composition of the nutrient medium.



ISOLATION OF XANTHAN GUM (e415):
After fermentation is completed, Xanthan gum (e415) is isolated from the medium.
This process can be carried out by methods such as centrifugation, filtration or precipitation.

*Drying of Xanthan gum (e415):
The isolated Xanthan gum (e415) is dried.
This process can be carried out by methods such as vacuum drying, hot air drying or spray drying.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of XANTHAN GUM (e415):
Form: Powder
Appearance: white or cream-color and free-flowing powder
Viscosity: 1200 - 1600 mpa.s
Assay(on dry basis): 91.0 - 108.0%
Loss on drying(105o­C, 2hr): 6.0 - 12.0%
V1 : V2: 1.02 - 1.45
Pyruvic Acid: ≥ 1.5%
PH of 1% solution in water: 6.0 - 8.0
Heavy metals(as Pb): ≤ 20 mg/kg
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available

Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available

Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Chemical Formula: C 35 H 49 O 29
Molar Mass: 33.748 g mol −1



FIRST AID MEASURES of XANTHAN GUM (e415):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of XANTHAN GUM (e415):
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of XANTHAN GUM (e415):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Nature of decomposition products not known.
-Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of XANTHAN GUM (e415):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.



HANDLING and STORAGE of XANTHAN GUM (e415):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.
hygroscopic
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of XANTHAN GUM (e415):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Synonyms: xylosic alcohol;XYLITOL CRYSTALLINE;XYLITOL, FOR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PURPOSES;XYLITOL, 1GM, NEAT;Xylitol 1 M Solution;XYLITOL BIOSYNTH;XYLITOL, WHO 98.5-101.0%;XYLITOL, USP GRADE CAS: 87-99-0

XANTHAN GUM E415 is a substance that is used in food to obtain a higher degree of viscosity.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is also sometimes referred to as 'slow-liquidity'.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is of vegetable origin


CAS NUMBER: 11138-66-2

EC NUMBER: 266-357-1

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C8H14Cl2N2O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 241.11

IUPAC NAME: 2-(2,4-diaminophenoxy)ethanol;dihydrochloride


XANTHAN GUM E415 is made from sugar and molasses.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is a nutritious sweetener which is a by-product of sugar production.

XANTHAN GUM E415 is used not only as a thickener but also as a stabiliser, emulsifier and gluten substitute.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is a very strong product that gives an obvious result even in small quantities.

XANTHAN GUM E415 is also assigned an e-number: E-415.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive.

XANTHAN GUM E415 is an effective thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer that prevents ingredients from separating.
XANTHAN GUM E415 can be produced from simple sugars using a fermentation process
XANTHAN GUM E415 derives its name from the species of bacteria used, Xanthomonas campestris.

USES:
XANTHAN GUM E415 is commonly used in salad dressings and sauces in foods.
XANTHAN GUM E415 helps to prevent oil separation by stabilizing the emulsion, although it is not an emulsifier.

XANTHAN GUM E415 also helps suspend solid particles, such as spices.
XANTHAN GUM E415 helps create the desired texture in many ice creams.

Toothpaste often contains XANTHAN GUM E415 as a binder to keep the product uniform.
XANTHAN GUM E415 also helps thicken commercial egg substitutes made from egg whites, to replace the fat and emulsifiers found in yolks.

XANTHAN GUM E415 is also a preferred method of thickening liquids for those with swallowing disorders, since it does not change the color or flavor of foods or beverages at typical use levels.
In gluten-free baking, XANTHAN GUM E415 is used to give the dough or batter the stickiness that would otherwise be achieved with gluten.
In most foods XANTHAN GUM E415 is used at concentrations of 0.5% or less.

XANTHAN GUM E415 is used in a wide range of food products, such as sauces, dressings, meat and poultry products, bakery products, confectionery products, beverages, dairy products, and others.
In the oil industry, XANTHAN GUM E415 is used in large quantities to thicken drilling mud.

XANTHAN GUM E415 provides great "low end" rheology.
When circulation stops, the solids remain suspended in the drilling fluid.

XANTHAN GUM E415 has been added to concrete poured underwater, to increase its viscosity and prevent washout.
In cosmetics, XANTHAN GUM E415 is used to prepare water gels.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is also used in oil-in-water emulsions to enhance droplet coalescence.

XANTHAN GUM E415 is a high-molecular-weight extracellular polysaccharide
XANTHAN GUM E415 is widely used as a thickener

XANTHAN GUM E415 is used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in food with the European food additive number E415.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is different from other polysaccharide gums (same with gellan gum) as made from bacterial fermentation while others are extracted from or parts of a plant.

How is XANTHAN GUM E415 made?
Commercial XANTHAN GUM E415 is produced by fermentation of a carbohydrate source (mainly from corn starch) with strains of Xanthomonas campestris (a naturally occurring bacterium can be found on the leaf surfaces of green vegetables), then purified with ethanol or isopropanol.
The final product is manufactured to a salt (sodium, potassium or calcium).


Thickening with XANTHAN GUM E415 is commonly found in the following food products:
-Baked goods
-Dressings, frozen desserts
-Confections
-Cake and dessert mixes
-Dairy products
-Ice cream
-Pudding and gelatin mixes
-Jams and jellies
-Sauces & Seasonings
-salad dressings
-Meat & Egg Products


XANTHAN GUM E415 can be used in bakery (e.g. bread, cookies, biscuits, muffins, cakes) mainly for the following purposes:
XANTHAN GUM E415 can also be used as a substitute for eggs to reduce the usage of egg white but without affecting the soft taste and appearance.

Adding XANTHAN GUM E415 to the bread spread can prevent the spread of dehydration caused by the water absorption from bread.
XANTHAN GUM E415 can also be used in gluten free baking to replace the function of gluten to bind flour together which does good to people who have celiac disease.

XANTHAN GUM E415 can also be used as a water-binding agent and texture modifier in sausage and brine-injected ham to increase water holding capacity, impart a smooth and elastic
XANTHAN GUM E415 additive is a biopolymer with viscous, flexible, solidifying properties that plays an important role in gum application industries

XANTHAN GUM E415 Powder (E415) is a natural polysaccharide, cold water soluble product made from the fermentation of carbohydrates.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is used as a thickener and emulsifier (rheology modifier) in food products.

XANTHAN GUM E415 is a thickening and suspending agent that is heat stable, wth good tolerance for strongly acidic and basic solutions.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is a food additive used as a thickener or stabilizer

XANTHAN GUM E415 is soluble in water giving a highly viscous solution
XANTHAN GUM E415 is practically insoluble in organic solvents.

XANTHAN GUM E415 is a long chain polysaccharide, which is made by mixing fermented sugars (glucose, mannose, and glucuronic acid) with a certain kind of bacteria. It is mainly used to thicken and stabilize emulsions, foams, and suspensions.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is widely used as a food additive to control the rheological properties of a wide range of food products. In manufacturing, xanthan gum is used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in toothpastes and medicines.

XANTHAN GUM E415 is used to make medicine for lowering blood sugar and total cholesterol in people with diabetes.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is used as a laxative.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is sometimes used as a saliva substitute in people with dry mouth

XANTHAN GUM E415 occurs as a cream- or white-colored, odorless, freeflowing, fine powder.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is a gum obtained by microbial fermentation from the xanthomonas campestris organism.

XANTHAN GUM E415 is very stable to viscosity change over varying temperatures, ph, and salt concentrations.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is also very pseudoplastic which results in a decrease in viscosity with increasing shear.

XANTHAN GUM E415 reacts synergistically with guar gum and tara gum to provide an increase in viscosity and with carob gum to provide an increase in viscosity or gel formation.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is used in salad dressings, sauces, desserts, baked goods, and beverages at 0.05–0.50%.

XANTHAN GUM E415 is used as stabilizer and thickening agent in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics
XANTHAN GUM E415 is used for rheology control in water-based systems.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is used in oil and gas drilling and completion fluids.


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 241.11

-Exact Mass: 240.0432331

-Monoisotopic Mass: 240.0432331

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 81.5 Ų

-Physical Description: Light grey to light pink solid

-Color: Off-White to Pale Yellow

-Form: Solid

-Melting Point: 64.43 °C

-Storage Temperature: Hygroscopic, -20°C Freezer, Under inert atmosphere

-Solubility: Soluble in water giving a highly viscous solution, practically insoluble in organic solvents.


XANTHAN GUM E415 serves as a texturizer, carrier agent, and gelling agent in cosmetic preparations.
XANTHAN GUM E415 also stabilizes and thickens formulations.

XANTHAN GUM E415 is produced through a fermentation of carbohydrate and Xanthomonas campestris.
As xanthan is a polysaccharide used in many applications such as a food additive, enzyme substrate or rheology modifier

XANTHAN GUM E415 is useful to have a xanthan standard with a clearly defined narrow molecular weight distribution.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is produced by fermentation from Xanthomonas campestris.


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 5

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Coun: 4

-Rotatable Bond Count: 3

-Heavy Atom Count: 14

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 132

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

-Chemical Classes: Nitrogen Compounds -> Other Aromatics (Nitrogen)


XANTHAN GUM E415 is a substance that acts as an emulsifier, stabiliser, thickener, filler and binder.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is a fermentation gum.
Chemically XANTHAN GUM E415 is a high molecular weight polysaccharide obtained by aerobic fermentation of glucose in pure culture at ph = 6,0-7,5 and 28-30o C by the bacterium Xantomonas Campestris.

In addition to food, XANTHAN GUM E415 can also be used in:
– Personal care products: XANTHAN GUM E415 is also found in many personal care and beauty products.
XANTHAN GUM E415 allows these products to be thick, yet still flow easily from their containers.
XANTHAN GUM E415 also allows solid particles to suspend in liquids.
The following are some common products that contain xanthan gum: Toothpaste, Creams, Lotions, Shampoo.

– Industrial products: Xanthan gum is used in many industrial products because of its ability to withstand different temperatures and pH levels, clinging to surfaces and thickening liquids while maintaining good flow.

– Common industrial products containing xanthan gum include: fungicides, herbicides and insecticides, earthenware, mortar, toilet bowl, paints, fluids used in oil drilling, adhesives e.g. wallpaper glue.

XANTHAN GUM E415 is a high molecular weight polysaccharide produced by pure culture fermentation of a carbohydrate with strains of Xanthomonas campestris, purification by recovery with ethanol or 2-propanol, drying and grinding.
XANTHAN GUM E415 contains D-glucose and D-mannose as the dominant hexose units, together with D-glucuronic acid and pyruvic acid and is prepared as sodium, potassium or calcium salts.

XANTHAN GUM E415's solutions are neutral.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is a good thickening agent, replacing starch in some cases.

XANTHAN GUM E415 can also replace starch in some canned products, as it is the substance that allows easier heat exchange.
XANTHAN GUM E415 protects food from possible degradation caused by high temperatures in processing.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is a natural polysaccharide used in the food industry as an emulsifier and stabilizer as a food additive E415

XANTHAN GUM E415 is made from sugar and molasses.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is used not only as a thickener but also as a stabiliser, emulsifier and gluten substitute.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is commonly used in salad dressings and sauces in foods.

XANTHAN GUM E415 also helps suspend solid particles, such as spices.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is also a preferred method of thickening liquids for those with swallowing disorders, since it does not change the color or flavor of foods or beverages at typical use levels.

XANTHAN GUM E415 is also used in oil-in-water emulsions to enhance droplet coalescence.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is a high-molecular-weight extracellular polysaccharide

XANTHAN GUM E415 is widely used as a thickener
XANTHAN GUM E415 is used as a thickener and emulsifier (rheology modifier) in food products.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is a food additive used as a thickener or stabilizer

XANTHAN GUM E415 is soluble in water giving a highly viscous solution
XANTHAN GUM E415 is used as a laxative.

XANTHAN GUM E415 is used as stabilizer and thickening agent in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics
XANTHAN GUM E415 is used for rheology control in water-based systems.
XANTHAN GUM E415 is used in oil and gas drilling and completion fluids.


SYNONYMS:

66422-95-5
2-(2,4-DIAMINOPHENOXY)ETHANOL DIHYDROCHLORIDE
11138-66-2
2,4-Diaminophenoxyethanol HCl
2,4-Diaminophenoxyethanol dihydrochloride
Ethanol, 2-(2,4-diaminophenoxy)-, dihydrochloride
2,4-Diaminophenoxyethanol 2HCl
2-(2,4-Diaminophenoxy)ethanol hydrochloride
2-(2,4-diaminophenoxy)ethanol;dihydrochloride
2-(2,4-Diaminophenoxy)ethanol DiHCl
Ethanol, 2-(2,4-diaminophenoxy)-, hydrochloride (1:2)
4-(2-HYDROXYETHOXY)-1,3-PHENYLENEDIAMINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE
EINECS 266-357-1
70643-19-5
EC 266-357-1
AC-8295
CS-W012797
MB00378
YX29708
2, 4-DIAMINOPHENOXYETHANOL 2HCL
2,4-diamino-phenoxy-ethanol Hydrochloride
AS-12701
FT-0602826
FT-0626844
2,4-DIAMINOPHENOXYETHANOL HCL
A835461
2-(2,4-DIAMINOPHENOXY)ETHANOLDIHYDROCHLORIDE
W-104750
Q27295039
2-(2,4-DIAMINOPHENOXY)ETHANOL DIHYDROCHLORIDE
XANTHAN
GUM XANTHAN
Xanthan Gum powder
2,4-Diaminophenoxyethanol dihydrochloride
Ethanol, 2-(2,4-diaminophenoxy)-, dihydrochloride
2,4-Diaminophenoxyethanol 2HCl
2-(2,4-Diaminophenoxy)ethanol hydrochloride
2-(2,4-diaminophenoxy)ethanol;dihydrochloride
2-(2,4-Diaminophenoxy)ethanol DiHCl
Ethanol, 2-(2,4-diaminophenoxy)-, hydrochloride (1:2)
4-(2-HYDROXYETHOXY)-1,3-PHENYLENEDIAMINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE
EINECS 266-357-1
GLUCOMANNAN MAYO
Xanthane gum
Konjac extract
XANTHAM
Tarazine
Keltrol F
Xanthan g
GALACTOMANNANE
GLUCOMANNAN
GLUCOMANNAN MAYO
GUM XANTHAN
KONJAC GLUCOMANNAN
RHODOPOL 23
XANTEMPO(TM)
XANTHAN
XANTHAN GUM
xanthangumfromxanthomonascampestris
XANTHAM
Xanthan Gum Xanthomonas campestris
xanthan gum Xc
Xanthan gum pharma
XANTHAN GUM FOR FOOD & PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATION
XanthanGumPure
XANTHANGUM,FCC
XANTHANGUM,NF
XANTHATEGUM
Xanthan Gummi