Detergents, Cosmetics, Disinfectants, Pharma Chemicals

TRIDECETH-8 CARBOXYLIC ACID, Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-8 CARBOXYLIC ACID, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre, Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

TRIDECETH-9, N° CAS : 24938-91-8 / 69011-36-5., Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-9, N° EINECS/ELINCS : *607-463-3 / 500-241-6, Classification : Composé éthoxylé; Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : Trideceth-9; Tridécyléther de polyéthylèneglycol. Noms anglais : Ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; Glycols, polyethylene, monotridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- ; Poly(oxyethylene) monotridecyl ether; Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyoxiethylene (9) alkyl (10) ether.; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether; Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques, polymère. PEG-9 Tridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-. IUPAC names: 1-Tridecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol ; 2-tridecoxyethanol; Ethoxylated Alcohol; fatty alcohol ethoxylate C10, 9 EO; Poly(ethylene glycol) tridecyl ether ( 6-15 EO ); poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy ; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- (9 EO); Polyalkoxylated (9 EO) isotridecanol; Polyethylene glcol monotridecylether; POLYOXYETHYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL; POLYOXYETHYLENE TRIDECYL ETHER; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATED (CAS # 24938-91-8); Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates ; Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylates (9 EO); Tridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (Polymer); tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy poly(oxyethylene); α-Tridecyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega. Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyethyleneglycol monotridecyl ether; Trideceth-9

Alcool tridécylique; n-Tridécanol; Tridécanol normal. Noms anglais : 1-Tridécanol; n-Tridecyl alcohol; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL, N° CAS : 112-70-9, Nom INCI : TRIDECYL ALCOHOL, Nom chimique : Tridecan-1-ol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-998-8, Classification : Alcool, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Agent de restauration lipidique : Restaure les lipides des cheveux ou des couches supérieures de la peau, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état, Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. Principaux synonymes: Noms français : Alcool tridécylique; n-Tridécanol; Tridécanol normal. Noms anglais : 1-Tridécanol; n-Tridecyl alcohol. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de produits organiques, agent antimoine

TRIDECYL COCOATE, Nom INCI : TRIDECYL COCOATE, Ses fonctions (INCI), Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl); Polyoxyethylene Tridecyl alcohol; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl alcohol; POE Tridecyl alcohol; Polyoxyethylene Tridecyl Ether; CAS NO : 24938-91-8

2,2,2-Trihydroxytriethylamine; TEA; 2,2',2''-Nitrilotriethanol; Triethanolamin; Tris(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine; Trolamine; Daltogen; Nitrilotriethanol; Sterolamide; Tri(hydroxyethyl)amine; Triethanolamin; Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; 2,2',2''-Nitrilotriethanol; 2,2',2''-Nitrilotris(ethanol); Nitrilo-2,2',2"-triethanol; 2,2,2-Nitrilotriethanol; 2,2',2"-Nitrilotriethanol; Nitrilo-2,2',2''-triethanol; 2,2',2''-trihydroxy Triethylamine; Triethylolamine; Trihydroxytriethylamine; Tris(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine cas no: 102-71-6

Tridecyl stearate contains tridecyl alcohol (1-tridecanol) as alcoholic component.
Tridecyl stearate is a clear light yellow liquid.

CAS Number: 31556-45-3
EC Number: 250-696-7
Chem/IUPAC Name: Tridecyl stearate
Molecular Formula: C31H62O2

TRIDECYL STEARATE, 31556-45-3, tridecyl octadecanoate, Cirrasol LN-GS, Tridecanol stearate, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Stearic acid, tridecyl ester, 120525-96-4, A8OE252M6L, NSC-152080, UNII-A8OE252M6L, EINECS 250-696-7, NSC 152080, LIPONATE TDS, ETHOX TDS, UNIFLEX 188, KEMESTER 5721, SCHEMBL153240, 1-TRIDECANOL, STEARATE, DTXSID2027967, TRIDECYL STEARATE [INCI], NSC152080, AS-78012, D93439, Q27273780, tridecyl stearate, Cirrasol ln-gs, Nsc152080, Tridecanol stearate, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, STEARICACID,TRIDECYLESTER, Tridecyl stearate ISO 9001 2015 REACH, TRIDECYL STEARATE [INCI], UNIFLEX 188, OCTADECANOIC ACID, TRIDECYL ESTER, STEARIC ACID, TRIDECYL ESTER, TRIDECANOL STEARATE, TRIDECYL STEARATE, 1-TRIDECANOL, STEARATE, CIRRASOL LN-GS, ETHOX TDS, KEMESTER 5721, LIPONATE TDS, NSC-152080, 31556-45-3, 250-696-7, 1-TRIDECANOL, STEARATE, CIRRASOL LN-GS, ETHOX TDS, KEMESTER 5721, LIPONATE TDS, NSC-152080, OCTADECANOIC ACID, TRIDECYL ESTER, STEARIC ACID, TRIDECYL ESTER, TRIDECANOL STEARATE, TRIDECYL STEARATE [INCI], UNIFLEX 188, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Stearic acid, tridecyl ester, 1-Tridecanol, stearate, Tridecanol stearate, Tridecyl stearate, Cirrasol LN-GS, Uniflex 188, Kemester 5721, NSC 152080, Liponate TDS, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Stearic acid, tridecyl ester, 1-Tridecanol, stearate, Tridecanol stearate, Tridecyl stearate, Cirrasol LN-GS, Uniflex 188, Kemester 5721, NSC 152080, Liponate TDS, 1-Tridecanol, stearate, Cirrasol ln-gs, Kemester 5721, Liponate TDS, NSC 152080, Nsc152080, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Stearic acid, tridecyl ester, STEARICACID,TRIDECYLESTER, Tridecanol stearate, Uniflex 188, tridecyl stearate, Octadecansaeure-tridecylester, STEARICACID,TRIDECYLESTER, Stearinsaeure-n-tridecylester, Cirrasol ln-gs, Tridecanol stearate, Stearinsaeuretridecylester, Octadecanoic acid,tridecyl ester, Tridecyl Stearate, Tridecanol stearate, Stearic Acid, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester,

Tridecyl stearate is a compound formed from decyl alcohol, glycerol, and stearic acid.
Stearic acid is one of the most abundantly found fatty acids in nature, and it is obtained from palm kernel oil, soy oil, and other vegetable oils.
Tridecyl stearate appears as a transparent, colorless oily liquid.

Tridecyl stearate is the ester of tridecyl alcohol and stearic acid.
Tridecyl stearate is a fast-absorbing emollient that leaves no shine.
Tridecyl stearate has a dry, non-greasy feel on application with an elegant, velvety after-feel.

Tridecyl stearate has a required HLB of about 6-9.
Tridecyl stearate is a clear, colorless oily liquid that works as a medium feel emollient.
Tridecyl stearate absorbs very quickly into the skin, leaves no shine and gives a nice, velvety after-feel.

Keep Tridecyl stearate containers tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated place.
Stearates are salts or esters of stearic acid (octadecanoic acid).
Tridecyl stearate belongs to the following substance groups.

Tridecyl stearate acts as an emollient for creams & lotions.
Tridecyl stearate is a biodegradable replacement for mineral oils.
Tridecyl stearate is a compound of Decyl Alcohol, Stearic Acid, and Glycerol, used in cosmetics as a skin conditioner and emollient.

Tridecyl stearate is a skin-conditioning agent and an emollient.
Tridecyl stearate acts as an emollient for creams & lotions.
Tridecyl stearate is a biodegradable replacement for mineral oils.

Tridecyl stearate is an ester of stearic acid (*) and tridecyl alcohol, and is represented by the following chemical formula.
Tridecyl stearate is the ester of tridecyl alcohol and stearic acid.
Tridecyl stearate is a fast-absorbing emollient that leaves no shine.

Tridecyl stearate has a dry, non-greasy feel on application with an elegant, velvety after-feel.
Tridecyl stearate has a required HLB of about 6-9.
Tridecyl stearate contains tridecyl alcohol (1-tridecanol) as alcoholic component.
Tridecyl stearate is a clear light yellow liquid.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Tridecyl stearate is a medium feel emollient with quick absorption and produces a velvety after-feel.
Tridecyl stearate is a synthetic ester that is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as an emollient and lubricant.
Tridecyl stearate is a clear, colorless liquid that is soluble in oils and organic solvents.

Tridecyl stearate is also used in the production of plastics, resins, and lubricants.
Tridecyl stearate is used ingredients for skincare.
Tridecyl stearate is used in the formulation of creams, lotions, gels, sunscreens, and other skin and hair care products.

Tridecyl stearate is used lubricants and lubricant additives
Tridecyl stearate is used for Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere.

-Skin-conditioning agent:
*Forms a thin film on the skin's surface.
*Acts as a barrier and protects the skin from allergies, bacteria, and irritants that pass into deeper layers of the skin.
*Helps the skin retain the necessary moisture for its use.
*Hydrated skin is less likely to be affected by skin conditions like acne, eczema, dryness, and itchiness.

-Emollient and Moisturizing properties:
*Fills the gaps among the dead cells.
*Reinforces the lipid barrier.
*Aids in the skin's natural capacity to retain moisture.
*Well-nourished and hydrated skin looks and feels smooth and plump.

FUNCTION OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
*Tridecyl stearate is a skin-conditioning agent and an emollient used in cosmetic and personal care products.
*Emollient:
Tridecyl stearate softens and softens the skin
*Skin care agent:
Tridecyl stearate maintains skin in good condition
*Emollient :
Softens and smoothes the skin
*Skin conditioning :
Maintains skin in good condition

FUNCTIONS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SKIN CONDITIONING:
Maintains the skin in good condition
*SKIN CONDITIONING - EMOLLIENT:
Softens and smoothens the skin

WHAT DOES TRIDECYL STEARATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emollient
*Skin conditioning

USE AND BENEFITS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Emollient properties:
*Useful as a medium.
*Penetrates swiftly into the skin.
*Leaves little shine behind.
*Leaves a pleasant, velvety aftertaste.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
CAS Number: 31556-45-3
Chem/IUPAC Name: Tridecyl stearate
EINECS/ELINCS No: 250-696-7
Molecular Weight: 466.8 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 14.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 29
Exact Mass: 466.47498122 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 466.47498122 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 33
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 366

Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling point: 496.0±13.0 °C(Predicted)
density: 0.858±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
LogP: 14.541 (est)
EPA Substance Registry System: Tridecyl stearate (31556-45-3)
IUPAC Name: Tridecyl octadecanoate
Molecular Weight: 466.82
Molecular Formula: C31H62O2
Canonical SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC

InChI: GKAVWWCJCPVMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI Key: InChI=1S/C31H62O2/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-16-17-18-19-21-23-25-27-29-31(32)33-30-28-26-24-22-20-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-30H2,1-2H3
Boiling Point: 496.0±13.0 °C
Density: 0.858±0.06g/ml
Physical State: Solid
Molecular Weight： 466.82
Exact Mass： 466.82
EC Number： 250-696-7
UNII： A8OE252M6L
NSC Number： 152080
DSSTox ID： DTXSID2027967
PSA： 26.3 Å²
Density： 0.858±0.06 g/cm3
Boiling Point： 496.0±13.0 °C(Predicted)

FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust.
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Face shield and safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Sensitive to carbon dioxide Handle and store under inert gas.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Tridecyl stearate is a clear, colorless oily liquid that works as a medium feel emollient.
Tridecyl stearate absorbs very quickly into the skin, leaves no shine and gives a nice, velvety after-feel.

CAS Number: 31556-45-3
EC Number: 250-696-7
Chem/IUPAC Name: Tridecyl stearate
Molecular Formula: C31H62O2

SYNONYMS:
Nsc152080, Cirrasol ln-gs, tridecyl stearate, Tridecanol stearate, STEARICACID,TRIDECYLESTER, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Tridecyl stearate ISO 9001：2015, OCTADECANOIC ACID, TRIDECYL ESTER, STEARIC ACID, TRIDECYL ESTER, TRIDECYL STEARATE, TRIDECYL STEARATE, TRIDECYL ESTER OCTADECANOIC ACID, TRIDECYL STEARATE, Nsc152080, Cirrasol ln-gs, tridecyl stearate, Tridecanol stearate, STEARICACID,TRIDECYLESTER, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Tridecyl stearate ISO 9001：2015 REACH, Octadecanoic acid,tridecyl ester, Stearic acid,tridecyl ester, 1-Tridecanol,stearate, Tridecanol stearate, Tridecyl stearate, Cirrasol LN-GS, Uniflex 188, Kemester 5721, NSC 152080, Liponate TDS, Tridecyl Stearate, 31556-45-3, tridecyl octadecanoate, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Cirrasol LN-GS, Tridecanol stearate, Stearic acid, tridecyl ester, 120525-96-4, A8OE252M6L, NSC-152080, UNII-A8OE252M6L, EINECS 250-696-7, NSC 152080, LIPONATE TDS, ETHOX TDS, UNIFLEX 188, KEMESTER 5721, SCHEMBL153240, 1-TRIDECANOL, STEARATE, DTXSID2027967, GKAVWWCJCPVMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N, NSC152080, AS-78012, NS00014167, D93439, Q27273780, 1-TRIDECANOL, STEARATE, CIRRASOL LN-GS, ETHOX TDS, KEMESTER 5721, LIPONATE TDS, NSC-152080, OCTADECANOIC ACID, TRIDECYL ESTER, STEARIC ACID, TRIDECYL ESTER, TRIDECANOL STEARATE, TRIDECYL STEARATE, UNIFLEX 188, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Stearic acid, tridecyl ester, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Stearic acid, tridecyl ester, 1-Tridecanol, stearate, Tridecanol stearate, Tridecyl stearate, Cirrasol LN-GS, Uniflex 188, Kemester 5721, NSC 152080, Liponate TDS

Tridecyl stearate is an ester of Tridecyl Alcohol (q.v.) and stearic acid.
Tridecyl Stearate is a synthetic wax ester derived from tridecyl alcohol and stearic acid.
Tridecyl stearate is a white solid with a greasy feel.

Tridecyl stearate is a skin-conditioning agent and an emollient.
Tridecyl stearate is the ester of tridecyl alcohol and stearic acid.
Tridecyl stearate is a fast-absorbing emollient that leaves no shine.

Tridecyl stearate has a dry, non-greasy feel on application with an elegant, velvety after-feel.
Tridecyl stearate has a required HLB of about 6-9.
Tridecyl stearate is the ester obtained from the reaction of tridecyl alcohol combined with stearic acid.

Tridecyl stearate’s used in cosmetics as a texture-enhancer/thickening agent and emollient and may be animal-derived or synthetic.
In raw material form, tridecyl stearate is described as a clear oily liquid that may have a light-yellow hue.
Suppliers of this ingredient tout its quick absorbance and velvety after feel.

Tridecyl stearate is a clear, colorless oily liquid that works as a medium feel emollient.
Tridecyl stearate absorbs very quickly into the skin, leaves no shine and gives a nice, velvety after-feel.
Tridecyl stearate is described as a clear oily liquid in raw material form

Tridecyl stearate contains tridecyl alcohol (1-tridecanol) as alcoholic component.
Stearates are salts or esters of stearic acid (octadecanoic acid).
Tridecyl stearate is a chemical compound that belongs to the ester family.

Tridecyl stearate is a colorless, odorless, and oily liquid that is insoluble in water.
Tridecyl stearate is the ester obtained from the reaction of tridecyl alcohol combined with stearic acid .
Tridecyl stearate may be animal-derived or synthetic .

In raw material form, tridecyl stearate is described as a clear oily liquid that may have a light-yellow hue .
Tridecyl stearate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as wax monoesters.
These are waxes bearing an ester group at exactly one position.

Tridecyl stearate is a synthetic ester that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products.
Tridecyl stearate is a clear, colorless liquid that is odorless and has a low viscosity.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Pigment Dispersion uses of Tridecyl stearate: Research indicates that tridecyl stearate, when combined with other esters, can create compositions capable of dispersing high pigment loads, leading to improved flowability in cosmetic formulations.
Metal Alkoxide Synergist uses of Tridecyl stearate: Studies show that tridecyl stearate can synergistically enhance the thermal stability of PVC when used in combination with specific metal alkoxides.

Corrosion Inhibition uses of Tridecyl stearate: Research suggests that butyl stearate, a related compound, can enhance the corrosion resistance of steel rebar in concrete, highlighting the potential of stearate esters in corrosion prevention.
Tridecyl stearate is commonly used in various industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and plastics.

Tridecyl stearate’s used in cosmetics as a texture-enhancer/thickening agent and emollient .
Tridecyl stearate is used as lubricant.
Tridecyl stearate is used as dispersing agent, emulsion stabilizer.

Tridecyl stearate is a compound of Decyl Alcohol, Stearic Acid, and Glycerol, used in cosmetics as a skin conditioner and emollient.
Tridecyl Stearate is widely used in a variety of cosmetic and personal care products, including: Skin creams and lotions, Body washes and soaps, Shampoos and conditioners, Makeup foundations and concealers, Lipsticks and lip balms, Sunscreen lotions, and Hair styling products.
Tridecyl stearate is often used as a moisturizer, emollient, and lubricant due to its ability to penetrate the skin and provide a smooth, silky feel.

-Lubricant uses of Tridecyl stearate:
Tridecyl stearate finds use as a lubricant in various applications due to its low volatility and good thermal stability.
Tridecyl stearate is often incorporated into polymers to improve their processability and reduce friction during molding or extrusion processes.

-Plasticizer uses of Tridecyl stearate:
In polymer chemistry, tridecyl stearate acts as a plasticizer, enhancing the flexibility and workability of polymers like poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC).
Tridecyl stearate's incorporation into the polymer matrix reduces intermolecular forces between polymer chains, leading to improved flexibility and a lower glass transition temperature.

-Cosmetics uses of Tridecyl stearate:
Tridecyl stearate is employed as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetic formulations.
Tridecyl stearateimparts a smooth and silky feel to the skin and helps to stabilize emulsions, preventing separation of the oil and water phases.

-Potential for New Applications:
Ongoing research may explore new applications for Tridecyl stearate beyond traditional cosmetic uses .
Tridecyl stearate could include innovations in formulations or expanded applications in different types of skincare products

-Scientific Research Applications of Tridecyl stearate:
*Cosmetics and Personal Care Products:
Tridecyl stearate is widely used in the cosmetics industry due to its emollient properties .

Tridecyl stearate helps soften and smooth the skin and prevent moisture loss .
Tridecyl stearate also contributes to a product’s stability and may help other ingredients resist oxidation.

-Scientific Research Applications
Tridecyl stearate has been extensively studied for its use in cosmetics and personal care products.
Tridecyl stearate has been shown to improve skin hydration and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

Tridecyl stearate is also used in hair care products to improve the texture and manageability of hair.
Additionally, tridecyl stearate has been studied for its potential use in drug delivery systems due to its ability to penetrate the skin.

FUNCTIONS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
*Emollient :
Tridecyl stearate softens and smoothes the skin
*Skin conditioning :
Tridecyl stearate maintains skin in good condition

ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
*Fatty alcohol esters
*Carboxylic acid esters
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds

SUBSTITUENTS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
*Wax monoester skeleton
*Fatty alcohol ester
*Carboxylic acid ester
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound

MECHANISM OF ACTION OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Tridecyl stearate works by forming a barrier on the skin that prevents moisture loss and protects the skin from environmental factors.
Tridecyl stearate also helps to improve the texture and feel of the skin and hair by providing lubrication and emolliency.

BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Tridecyl stearate has been shown to be non-toxic and non-irritating to the skin and eyes.
Tridecyl stearate has a low potential for skin sensitization and is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products.
Tridecyl stearate has also been shown to improve skin hydration and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

TRIDECYL STEARATE AT A GLANCE:
*The ester obtained from the reaction of tridecyl alcohol combined with stearic acid
*Works as a texture-enhancer/thickening agent and skin-softening emollient
*Touted for its quick absorption and velvety after feel
*Described as a clear oily liquid in raw material form

PROPERTIES OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
*Emollient:
Tridecyl stearate forms a protective layer on the skin, preventing moisture loss and improving skin softness and smoothness.

*Skin conditioner:
Tridecyl stearate helps to maintain skin elasticity and protect against dryness and irritation.

*Thickener and stabilizer:
Tridecyl stearate acts as a thickening and stabilizing agent in cosmetics and personal care products.

*Lubricant:
Tridecyl stearate provides lubrication and slip to cosmetic formulas.

*Emulsifier:
Tridecyl stearate can help to form emulsions, which are mixtures of oil and water.

FUNCTIONS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
*Emollient:
Tridecyl stearate softens and softens the skin
*Skin care agent:
Tridecyl stearate maintains skin in good condition

FUNCTIONS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SKIN CONDITIONING
Tridecyl stearate maintains the skin in good condition

*SKIN CONDITIONING - EMOLLIENT
Tridecyl stearate softens and smoothens the skin

SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Tridecyl stearate is synthesized from the reaction of tridecyl alcohol with stearic acid .
The exact process of synthesis is not detailed in the search results.

MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Tridecyl stearate has a molecular formula of C31H62O2 .
Tridecyl stearate's average mass is 466.823 Da and its monoisotopic mass is 466.474976 Da .

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ANALYSIS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Tridecyl stearate is a clear oily liquid that may have a light-yellow hue .
Tridecyl stearate has a density of 0.9±0.1 g/cm3 .

Tridecyl stearate's boiling point is 496.0±13.0 °C at 760 mmHg .
Tridecyl stearate has a vapour pressure of 0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C .
Tridecyl stearate's flash point is 262.7±9.7 °C .

TRIDECYL STEARATE MARKET INSIGHTS:
The Global Tridecyl Stearate Market size was valued at USD 100 Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 150 Million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 5.96% during the forecasted period 2024 to 2030.

Tridecyl stearate is a synthetic ester molecule that is frequently used as an emollient and skin-conditioning ingredient in the cosmetic industry.
Tridecyl stearate is made of tridecyl alcohol and stearic acid and is well-known for softening and smoothing skin.
As such, Tridecyl stearate is a common ingredient in many skincare products, including lotions, balms, and creams.

Globally, there is a growing middle class with more disposable income in emerging nations, which is driving demand for personal care goods and driving the tridecyl stearate market.

Because of Tridecyl stearate's emollient and skin-conditioning qualities, formulators who want to produce high-end skincare products that give the skin a smooth, rich sensation want to use it.

Leading companies in the tridecyl stearate industry are always coming up with new ideas and formulas to cater to the shifting demands and tastes of customers.

In an effort to find new uses for tridecyl stearate outside of cosmetics, such in medications and industrial goods, they are also funding research and development.

SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Scientific databases provide detailed information on Tridecyl Stearate’s chemical structure, properties, and classifications.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (CIR) has assessed Tridecyl Stearate for safety in cosmetics and deemed it safe for use.

SKIN COMPATIBILITY OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
In human testing, Tridecyl stearate showed very good skin compatibility .
Tridecyl stearate was not an irritant or sensitizer in a provocative RIPT (Repeated Insult Patch Test) conducted on 20 eczema patients.

QUICK ABSORPTION AND VELVETY AFTER FEEL, TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Tridecyl stearate is known for its quick absorption and velvety after feel .
This makes Tridecyl stearate a popular choice in skincare products, providing a pleasant user experience .

ENHANCING FORMULARY TEXTURE OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Tridecyl stearate helps enhance the texture of cosmetic formulations .
Tridecyl stearate can improve the consistency and feel of products, making them more appealing to consumers .

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
CBNumber: CB5904574
Molecular Formula: C31H62O2
Molecular Weight: 466.82 g/mol
MDL Number: MFCD00072282
Physical Properties:
Boiling Point: 496.0 ± 13.0 °C (Predicted)
Density: 0.858 ± 0.06 g/cm3 (Predicted)
Flash Point: 262.70 °C (505.00 °F, TCC, estimated)
Solubility: Soluble in water (1.011e-009 mg/L at 25 °C, estimated)
Chemical Properties:
LogP: 14.541 (estimated)
XLogP3-AA: 14.7

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 29
Exact Mass: 466.47498122 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 466.47498122 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 33
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 366
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Product Name: Tridecyl stearate
CAS No.: 31556-45-3

Molecular Formula: C31H62O2
InChIKeys: InChIKey=GKAVWWCJCPVMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 466.82
Exact Mass: 466.82
EC Number: 250-696-7
UNII: A8OE252M6L
NSC Number: 152080
DSSTox ID: DTXSID2027967
Categories: Other Chemical Drugs
CAS Registry Number: 31556-45-3
Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII): A8OE252M6L
Molecular Formula: C31H62O2

International Chemical Identifier (InChI):
InChI=1S/C31H62O2/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-16-17-18-19-21-23-25-27-29-31(32)33-30-28-26-24-22-20-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-30H2,1-2H3
InChI Key: GKAVWWCJCPVMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Product Information:
Product Name: Tridecyl stearate
IUPAC Name: Tridecyl octadecanoate
Molecular Weight: 466.8 g/mol
Density: 0.858 ± 0.06 g/mL
Boiling Point: 496.0 ± 13.0 °C
Physical State: Solid
Water Solubility: 1.1e-05 g/L

logP: 10.7, 12.62
logS: -7.6
pKa (Strongest Basic): -7
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 26.3 Å²
Rotatable Bond Count: 29
Refractivity: 146.34 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 66.12 Å³
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 0
Rule of Five: No
Ghose Filter: No

Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No
IUPAC Name: Tridecyl octadecanoate
Synonyms: Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester
Stearic acid, tridecyl ester
Molecular Weight: 466.82 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C31H62O2
Canonical SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC
InChI: GKAVWWCJCPVMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI Key: InChI=1S/C31H62O2/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-16-17-18-19-21-23-25-27-29-31(32)33-30-28-26-24-22-20-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-30H2,1-2H3
Boiling Point: 496.0 ± 13.0 °C
Density: 0.858 ± 0.06 g/ml
Physical State: Solid

FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Hygroscopic.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

SYNONYMS TEA-Lauryl Sulfate; Dodecyl sulfate, triethanolamine salt; Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium decyl sulfate; Lauryl sulfate ester, triethanolamine salt; Triethanol ammonium C12-14 sulfate CAS Number: 139-96-8

Triethylamine; N,N-Diethylethanamine cas no: 121-44-8

DESCRIPTION:

Triethylamine is a high-purity solvent that is used in certain HPLC protocols, such as weak anion exchange, to resolve certain tryptic peptides on a reverse-phase column.
Triethylamine is an ion-pairing reagent that alters selectivity in reverse-phase HPLC separations.
Triethylamine is an aliphatic amine.

CAS NUMBER: 121-44-8

EC NUMBER: 204-469-4

MOLECULAR FORMULA: (C2H5)3N

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 101.19

DESCRIPTION:

Triethylamine's addition to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrices affords transparent liquid matrices with enhanced ability for spatial resolution during
A head-space gas chromatography (GC) procedure for the determination of triethylamine in active pharmaceutical ingredients has been reported.
The viscosity coefficient of triethylamine vapor over a range of density and temperature has been measured.
By pairing with peptides, Triethylamine effectively sharpens peaks, resulting in improved peak resolution.
Pierce Triethylamine has low UV absorbance properties to provide sensitive detection across all wavelengths when used as an ion-pair reagent in HPLC separations.

The reagent is designed and tested to meet the special requirements for peptide sequencing and analysis.
Pierce Triethylamine is specially purified and each lot is tested to the highest specifications to ensure the integrity of your data, maximize sensitivity in your assay and to prolong the life of your equipment.
Triethylamine is the chemical compound with the formula N(CH2CH3)3, commonly abbreviated Et3N.
Triethylamine appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor.
Triethylamine produces toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned.

Triethylamine is a tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an ethyl group.
Triethylamine is commonly used as a base during the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides.
Triethylamine is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium salts of dyes.
Triethylamine acts as a catalyst and acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals.
Triethylamine is a clear, colorless liquid with strong ammoniacal odor.

Triethylamine exhibits a golden yellow color on long-standing.
Triethylamine is also, yet this abbreviation must be used carefully to avoid confusion with triethanolamine or tetraethylammonium, for which TEA is also a common abbreviation.
Triethylamine is a colourless volatile liquid with a strong fishy odor reminiscent of ammonia.
Triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis, usually as a base.

Triethylamine (TEA) is used as a neutralization agent for anionic stabilized waterborne resins (polyesters, alkyds, acrylic resins and polyurethanes containing carboxyl or other acidic groups).
Triethylamine is a clear colorless liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor.
Triethylamine’s used as a solvent food additive lab reagent and synthesis material.
Triethylamine finds its application as a protein purification reagent.

Triethylamine is used as a competing base for the separation of acidic basic and neutral drugs by reverse-phased high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Triethylamine induces visual disturbances (such as foggy vision) in humans, and is also used in industry as a quenching agent in the ozonolysis of alkenes (e.g. (E)-2-Pentene.
Triethylamine is also utilized as a catalyst in the curing of epoxy and polyurethane systems.
In the synthesis, Triethylamine is primarily used as a proton scavenger; however, it is also used in the production of Diethylhydroxylamine and other organic compounds.

Triethylamine is a weak cohesive and dipolar/polarizable solvent, moderately hydrogen-bond basic and non-hydrogen-bond acidic.
The triethylamine-dimethyl sulfoxide biphasic system has similar selectivity to the isopentyl ether-propylene carbonate biphasic system, the triethylamine-formamide system to octan-1-ol-formamide, and the triethylamine-ethanolamine biphasic system to 1,2-dichloroethane with either ethylene glycol or formamide as countersolvents.
Triethylamine is a mobile-phase modifier in RP-HPLC separation of acidic, basic, and neutral drugs.
Triethylamine improves resolution of amino acids and amino acid amides by HPLC by suppressing tailing.

Triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis in the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides.
Triethylamine is also useful in dehydrohalogenation reactions and Swern oxidations.
Triethylamine is a base commonly used in organic chemistry to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides.
Like other tertiary amines, Triethylamine catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins.
Triethylamine is a colorless liquid with a melting point of -114.7 °C and a boiling point around 88.6 °C.

Triethylamine has a strong, fishy odor reminiscent of ammonia.
Triethylamine can be prepared by heating ethyl bromide and anhydrous ammonia in absolute ethanol in an oven for three hours, removing the product, distilling off the alcohol, and adding hydrochloric acid to the product to convert it to its hydrochloride salt.
Triethylamine is a base used to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides as well as in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Triethylamine acts as a catalyst in the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins, dehydrohalogeantion reactions, acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and Swern oxidations.

Triethylamine finds application in reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile-phase modifier.
Triethylamine is also used as an accelerator activator for rubber, as a propellant, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.
Furthermore, Triethylamine is used in automotive casting industry and textile industry.

Triethylamine (formula: C6H15N), also known as N, N-diethylethanamine, is the most simple tri-substituted uniformly tertiary amine, having typical properties of tertiary amines, including salifying, oxidation, Hing Myers test (Hisberg reaction) for triethylamine does not respond.
Triethylamine is colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid, with a strong smell of ammonia, slightly fuming in the air.
Aqueous solution is alkaline, flammable.
Vapor and air can form explosive mixtures, the explosion limit is 1.2% to 8.0%.

Triethylamine is toxic, with a strong irritant.
Triethylamine is a clear, colorless liquid with an Ammonia or fish-like odor.
Triethylamine is used in making waterproofing agents, and as a catalyst, corrosion inhibitor and propellant.
Triethylamine is mainly used as base, catalyst, solvent and raw material in organic synthesis and is generally abbreviated as Et3N, NEt3 or TEA.
Triethylamine can be used to prepare phosgene polycarbonate catalyst, polymerization inhibitor of tetrafluoroethylene, rubber vulcanization accelerator, special solvent in paint remover, enamel anti-hardener, surfactant, antiseptic, wetting agent, bactericides, ion exchange resins, dyes, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, high-energy fuels, and liquid rocket propellants, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.

Triethylamine is a colorless to yellowish liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor.
Triethylamine is a base commonly used in organic chemistry to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides. Like other tertiary amines,it catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins.
Triethylamine is an aliphatic amine.
Triethylamine is used to catalytic solvent in chemical synthesis; accelerator activators for rubber; wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium types; curing and hardening of polymers (e.g., corebinding resins); corrosion inhibitor; propellant.

Triethylamine may be used as a homogeneous catalyst for the preparation of glycerol dicarbonate, via transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC).
Triethylamine is used as an anti-livering agent for urea- and melamine-based enamels and in the recovery of gelled paint vehicles (HSDB 1988).
Triethylamine is also used as a catalyst for polyurethane foams, a flux for copper soldering, and as a catalytic solvent in chemical synthesis.
Triethylamine is used in accelerating activators for rubber; as a corrosion inhibitor for polymers; a propellant; wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agent of quaternary ammonium compounds; in curing and hardening of polymers.

USES:

-as a catalytic solvent in chemical syntheses
-as an accelerator activator for rubber
-as a corrosion inhibitor
-as a curing and hardening agent for polymers
-as a propellant
-in the manufacture of wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium compounds
-Ag chem solvents
-Agriculture intermediates
-Aluminum production
-Chemicals & petrochemicals
-Electronic chemicals
-Insecticides int
-Intermediates
-Mining
-Pharmaceutical chemicals
-Resins

APPLICATIONS:

Triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis as a base.
For example, Triethylamine is commonly used as a base during the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides.
Such reactions lead to the production of hydrogen chloride which combines with triethylamine to form the salt triethylamine hydrochloride, commonly called triethylammonium chloride.
Hydrogen chloride may then evaporate from the reaction mixture, which drives the reaction. (R, R' = alkyl, aryl):

R2NH + R'C(O)Cl + Et3N → R'C(O)NR2 + Et3NH+Cl−

Like other tertiary amines, it catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins.
It is also useful in dehydrohalogenation reactions and Swern oxidations.

Triethylamine is readily alkylated to give the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt:

RI + Et3N → Et3NR+I−

Triethylamine is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium salts of dyes.
Triethylamine is also a catalyst and acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals.
Triethylamine salts, like any other tertiary ammonium salts, are used as an ion-interaction reagent in ion interaction chromatography, due to their amphiphilic properties.
Unlike quaternary ammonium salts, tertiary ammonium salts are much more volatile, therefore mass spectrometry can be used while performing analysis.

-Niche uses:

Triethylamine is commonly used in the production of anionic PUDs.
A polyurethane prepolymer is prepared using an isocyanate and polyol with dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA).
Triethylamine contains two hydroxy groups and a carboxylic acid group.
Triethylamine is then dispersed in water with triethylamine or other neutralizing agent.
Triethylamine reacts with the carboxylic acid forming a salt which is water soluble.

Usually, a diamine chain extender is then added to produce a polyurethane dispersed in water with no free NCO groups but with polyurethane and polyurea segments.
Triethylamine is used to give salts of various carboxylic acid-containing pesticides.
Triethylamine is the active ingredient.
Triethylamine is used in mosquito and vector control labs to anesthetize mosquitoes.
This is done to preserve any viral material that might be present during species identification.

The bicarbonate salt of triethylamine is useful in reverse phase chromatography, often in a gradient to purify nucleotides and other biomolecules.
Triethylamine was found during the early 1940s to be hypergolic in combination with nitric acid, and was considered a possible propellant for early hypergolic rocket engines.
The Soviet "Scud" Missile used TG-02, a mixture of 50% xylidine and 50% triethlyamine as a starting fluid to ignite its rocket engine.

APPLICATIONS:

Triethylamine has been used during the synthesis of:

-5′-dimethoxytrityl-5-(fur-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine
-3′-(2-cyanoethyl)diisopropylphosphoramidite-5′-dimethoxytrityl-5-(fur-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine
-polyethylenimine600-β-cyclodextrin (PEI600-β-CyD)

Triethylamine may be used as a homogeneous catalyst for the preparation of glycerol dicarbonate, via transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC).

SPECIFICATIONS:

-CAS number: 121-44-8
-EC index number: 612-004-00-5
-EC number: 204-469-4
-Hill Formula: C₆H₁₅N
-Chemical formula: (C₂H₅)₃N
-Molar Mass: 101.19 g/mol
-HS Code: 2921 19 99

PROPERTIES:

-vapor density: 3.5 (vs air)
-Quality Level: 100
-vapor pressure: 51.75 mmHg ( 20 °C)
-Assay: ≥99.5%
-form: liquid
-autoignition temp.: 593 °F
-expl. lim.: 8 %
-impurities: ≤0.1% (Karl Fischer)
-refractive index: n20/D 1.401 (lit.)
-pH: 12.7 (15 °C, 100 g/L)
-bp: 88.8 °C (lit.)
-mp: −115 °C (lit.)
-solubility: water: soluble 112 g/L at 20 °C
-density: 0.726 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
-storage temp.: room temp
-SMILES string: CCN(CC)CC
-InChI: 1S/C6H15N/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H3
-InChI key: ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Boiling point: 90 °C (1013 hPa)
-Density: 0.72 g/cm3 (25 °C)
-Explosion limit: 1.2 - 9.3 %(V)
-Flash point: -11 °C
-Ignition temperature: 215 °C
-Melting Point: -115 - -114.7 °C
-pH value: 12.7 (100 g/l, H₂O, 15 °C) (IUCLID)
-Vapor pressure: 72 hPa (20 °C)
-Solubility: 133 g/l

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES:

Triethylamine is prepared by the alkylation of ammonia with ethanol:

NH3 + 3 C2H5OH → N(C2H5)3 + 3 H2O

The pKa of protonated triethylamine is 10.75, and Triethylamine can be used to prepare buffer solutions at that pH.
The hydrochloride salt, triethylamine hydrochloride (triethylammonium chloride), is a colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic powder, which decomposes when heated to 261 °C.
Triethylamine is soluble in water to the extent of 112.4 g/L at 20 °C.

Triethylamine is also miscible in common organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether.
Laboratory samples of triethylamine can be purified by distilling from calcium hydride.
In alkane solvents triethylamine is a Lewis base that forms adducts with a variety of Lewis acids, such as I2 and phenols.
Owing to its steric bulk, Triethylamine forms complexes with transition metals reluctantly.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Empirical Formula: C6H15N
-Structural Formula: (C2H5)3N
-Molecular Wt.: 101.19
-Sp. Gr. at 20ºC: 0.726-0.730
-Refractive Index at 20ºC: 1.399-1.401
-Boiling Point. 89°C
-Freezing Point below: -80°C
-Solubility in water: Soluble upto 18°C. Sparingly soluble above 18°C
-Flash Point (closed cup): below -7°C

TECHNICAL INFORMATIONS:

-Physical State: Liquid
-Solubility: Soluble in water (133 g/l), ether, and ethanol (0.1 ml/ml).
-Storage: Store at room temperature
-Melting Point: -115° C (lit.)
-Boiling Point: 88.8° C (lit.)
-Refractive Index: n20D 1.40 (lit.)
-pK Values :pKa: 11.01 in 18° C, H2O, 10.72 in 25° C, H2O, pKb: 10.63 (Predicted)

STORAGE:

Store below +30°C.

SPECIFICATIONS:

-Molecular Weight: 101.19 g/mol
-XLogP3: 1.4
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
-Rotatable Bond Count: 3
-Exact Mass: 101.120449483 g/mol
-Monoisotopic Mass: 101.120449483 g/mol
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 3.2Å²
-Heavy Atom Count: 7
-Complexity: 25.7
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

CHARACTERISTICS:

Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Specific Gravity: 0.72400 to 0.73000 at 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 6.024 to 6.074
Refractive Index: 1.39500 to 1.40100 at 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -115.00 °C. at 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 88.80 to 89.00 °C. at 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 56.054001 mmHg at 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 3.5 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 20.00 °F. TCC ( -6.67 °C. )
logP (o/w): 1.450

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Melting point: -115 °C
-Boiling point: 90 °C
-density: 0.728
-vapor density: 3.5 (vs air)
-vapor pressure: 51.75 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
-refractive index: n20/D 1.401(lit.)
-FEMA: 4246 | TRIETHYLAMINE
-Fp: 20 °F
-storage temp.. Store below +30°C.
-solubility: water: soluble112g/L at 20°C
-pka: 10.75(at 25℃)
-form: Liquid
-Specific Gravity: 0.725 (20/4℃)
-color: Clear
-PH: 12.7 (100g/l, H2O, 15℃)(IUCLID)
-Relative polarity: 1.8
-Odor: Strong ammonia-like odor
-Odor Threshold: 0.0054ppm
-Odor Type: fishy
-explosive limit: 1.2-9.3%(V)
-Water Solubility: 133 g/L (20 ºC)
-Merck: 14,9666

NATURAL OCCURRENCE:

Hawthorn flowers have a heavy, complicated scent, the distinctive part of which is triethylamine, which is also one of the first chemicals produced by a dead human body when it begins to decay.
Due to the scent, Triethylamine is considered unlucky to bring hawthorn into a house.

SPECIFICATIONS:

-Purity (by GC) wt. %: 99.70% min.
-Water Content wt. %: 0.07% max.
-Impurities wt. %: 0.20% max.

SYNONYM:

TRIETHYLAMINE
N,N-Diethylethanamine
121-44-8
(Diethylamino)ethane
Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-
triethyl amine
Triaethylamin
Triethylamin
Trietilamina
N,N,N-Triethylamine
NEt3
trietylamine
Triaethylamin
Trietilamina
tri-ethyl amine
(C2H5)3N
MFCD00009051
CCRIS 4881
HSDB 896
TEN [Base]
N,N-diethyl-ethanamine
EINECS 204-469-4
UN1296
UNII-VOU728O6AY
VOU728O6AY
AI3-15425
DTXSID3024366
CHEBI:35026
Triethylamine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid]
Diethylaminoethane
EC 204-469-4
Triethylamine, >=99.5%
Et3N
triehtylamine
triehylamine
trieihylamine
triethlyamine
triethyamine
TRIETHYLAMINE 100ML
triethylamme
triethylarnine
Thethylamine
Triethlamine
triethyIamine
Triethylannine
Trietylamin
tri-ethylamine
triehyl amine
triethyl amin
triethylam ine
triethylami-ne
triethylamine-
trietyl amine
tri ethyl amine
triethyl- amine
N, N-diethylethanamine
TEN (CHRIS Code)
N,N,N-Triethylamine #
triethylamine, 99.5%
Etanamina, N,N-dietil-
Triethylamine, >=99%
TRIETHYLAMINE [MI]
N(Et)3
NCIOpen2_006503
TRIETHYLAMINE
TRIETHYLAMINE
TRIETHYLAMINE
BIDD:ER0331
Triethylamine, LR, >=99%
TRIETHYLAMINE [USP-RS]
(CH3CH2)3N
CHEMBL284057
DTXCID204366
N(CH2CH3)3
FEMA NO. 4246
Triethylamine, HPLC, 99.6%
Triethylamine, p.a., 99.0%
Triethylamine, analytical standard
ADAL1185352
BCP07310
N(C2H5)3
Triethylamine, for synthesis, 99%
Tox21_200873
Triethylamine, 99.7%, extra pure
LS-647
NA1296
STL282722
AKOS000119998
Triethylamine, purum, >=99% (GC)
Triethylamine, ZerO2(TM), >=99%
UN 1296
NCGC00248857-01
NCGC00258427-01
CAS-121-44-8
Triethylamine, BioUltra, >=99.5% (GC)
Triethylamine, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
FT-0688146
T0424
Triethylamine 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
EN300-35419
Triethylamine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid]
Triethylamine, trace metals grade, 99.99%
Triethylamine, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%
Triethylamine, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (GC)
Q139199
J-004499
J-525077
F0001-0344
Triethylamine, for amino acid analysis, >=99.5% (GC)
InChI=1/C6H15N/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H

IUPAC NAME:

Ethanamine,N,N-diethl
Ethanamine,N,N-diethyl
N,N,N,triethylamine
N,N-Diethylethanamine
N,N-diethylethanamine
N,N-diethylethanamine
TRIETHYL AMINE
Triethylamin
TRIETHYLAMINE
Triethylamine
triethylamine
Triethylamine
triethylamine

Citric Acid, Triethyl Ester; TEC; Ethyl citrate; Triaethylcitrat (German); Triethylester Kyseliny Citronove (Czech); 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic Acid, Triethyl ester; Citroflex 2; cas no: 77-93-0

Triethyl citrate is a carbonyl compound.
Furthermore, Triethyl citrate is a clear, viscous, odorless, and practically colorless, hygroscopic liquid.
Triethyl citrate is incompatible with strong alkalis and oxidizing materials.

Cas no: 77-93-0
EC Number: 201-070-7
Chemical formula: C12H20O7
Molar mass: 276.283 g/mol
Appearance: Oily liquid

APPLICATIONS

Triethyl Citrate is used as plasticizer (cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, vinyl acetate, natural resins, and hair fixative finishing sprays), softener, agglutinant, perfume base, food emulsifier, and flavor preserving agent.
Also, Triethyl Citrate is used in paint removers and for treatment of bloat in ruminants.

Triethyl Citrate is solvent and plasticizer for nitrocellulose and natural resins, softener, paint removers, agglutinant, perfume base, food additive (not over 0.25%).
Moreover, Triethyl Citrate is used as a plasticizer and solvent for cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, and cellulose ethers.

Triethyl Citrate can also be used as a plasticizer for PVC.
Besides, Triethyl Citrate has been used as a solvent, in paint removers, in emulsifiers in food industry, and as a flavor-preserving agent.

Some uses of Triethyl Citrate:

Additive
Antioxidant
Home air fresheners, including candles with a fragrance
Bathtub, tile, and toilet surface cleaners
Products used to control microbial pests on hard surfaces or laundry
Products used to clean hard surfaces in the home, including kitchen specific hard surface Cleaners
Products used in washing machines to clean fabrics
Body cleaners containing abrasives or exfoliants
Body cleaners, washes, shower gels
Liquid hand soaps
Toothpastes and dentrifices
Deodorants and antiperspirants
Products applied to skin located around the eye to moisturize or improve skin qualities
Facial cleansing and moisturizing products which do not fit into a more refined category
Fragrances, colognes, and perfumes
Products specifically marketed for application to hands or body to moisturize or improve skin Characteristics (excluding baby lotion)
Rinse-out everyday hair conditioners (excluding combo shampoo/conditioner products)
Leave-in everyday hair conditioners and detanglers
Spray fixatives for hair
Shampoos, including dual shampoo/conditioner products
Foundation make-up and concealers
Lip products primarily for protection
Products applied to the skin to block harmful effects of sunlight
Products for masking odors or adding fragrance to car cabin air
Chemical reaction regulator
Fragrance
Odor agents
Plasticizers
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Deodorant active ingredient
Deodorising wash lotions but also in sunscreen products

Triethyl citrate and the related esters acetyltriethyl citrate, tributyl citrate, and acetyltributyl citrate are used to plasticize polymers in formulated pharmaceutical coatings.
The coating applications include capsules, tablets, beads, and granules for taste masking, immediate release, sustained-release, and enteric formulations.

Triethyl citrate is also used as a direct food additive for flavoring, for solvency, and as a surface active agent.
In addition, Triethyl Citrate (CAS 77-93-0) is an ester of citric acid with several industrial and consumer applications.

Triethyl citrate is produced via fermentation of ethanol and natural citric acid.
This colorless, odorless liquid is often used as a food additive where it acts as both a flavoring agent and a foam stabilizer, principally as a whipping enhancer for organic egg whites during processing.

In the cosmetics and personal care sector, triethyl citrate is used as a perfume fixer and as a film for hair sprays and nail polish.
Triethyl citrate is also an active ingredient in many deodorants.

Triethyl citrate is readily biodegradable and considered to have low toxicity prior to degradation.
The manufacture of certain pharmaceutical coatings and plastics involves use of triethyl citrate, where it acts as a plasticizer for natural resins and cellulose derivatives.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one example.
Triethyl citrate has been used as a pseudo-emulsifier in e-cigarette juices.

Triethyl citrate functions as a stabilizer in much the same way that lecithin does in many food products, but with the possibility of vaporization which lends itself to this unique application.

As manufactured, triethyl citrate is stable under normal use conditions.
Contact with strong oxidizing agents should be avoided, as should exposure to extreme heat, open flames, or other potential sources of ignition.

DESCRIPTION

Triethyl citrate is used in foods as a flavouring agent, solvent and surface-active agent Triethyl citrate is an ester of citric acid.
More to that, Triethyl Citrate is a colorless, odorless liquid used as a food additive (E number E1505) to stabilize foams, especially as whipping aid for egg white.

Triethyl Citrate is used in pharmaceutical coatings and plastics.
Further to that, Triethyl citrate belongs to the family of Tricarboxylic Acids and Derivatives.

These are organic compounds containing three carboxylic acid groups (or salt/ester derivatives thereof).
Triethyl citrate is an ester of citric acid.

Triethyl Citrate is a colorless, odorless liquid used as a food additive, emulsifier and solvent (E number E1505) to stabilize foams, especially as whipping aid for egg white.
Additionally, Triethyl Citrate is also used in pharmaceutical coatings and plastics.

Triethyl citrate is also used as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and similar plastics.
Furthermore, Triethyl citrate has been used as a pseudo-emulsifier in e-cigarette juices.

Triethyl Citrate functions essentially like lecithin used in food products, but with the possibility of vaporization which lecithin does not have.
Moreover, Triethyl Citrate is a natural antioxidant and is therefore effective in deodorants, is suitable as a solvent and supports other preservatives.

Triethyl citrate is used as solvent, diluent and fixative by perfumers.
Besides, Triethyl citrate is well accepted as an active ingredient in deodorants and excellent for fragrances.

In pharmaceutical applications Triethyl citrate contributes as plasticiser to the performance of enteric-coated tablets.
Triethyl Citrate is also used in the formulation for making skincare products such as hand creams, foot balsams, facial creams, sun care creams, hand creams, exfoliation creams, facial moisturizer, anti-ageing creams and body lotions.

Key features of Triethyl citrate:

A pure solvent, diluent, and fixative for long-lasting perfumes.
Non-toxic, eco-friendly and bio-degradable ingredient made from 100 % renewable carbon source.
An excellent active agent for deodorants (inhibits enzymatic decomposition of components of sweat).
Helps in the better dispersal of insoluble organic UV filters (used in modern-day sun creams).
The preferred film-strengthening agent in high-grade hair sprays and nail polish.
Contributes as a plasticiser to the performance of enteric-coated tablets.

Processing:

Heat in the fat phase or work into the hand-warm formulation.
If Triethyl Citrate is to be used as an active ingredient in aqueous-alcoholic deodorant formulations, a solubiliser such as solubiliser G10 LW 70 MB is necessary.
Triethyl Citrate is effective in the ph range of 4-5.

PROPERTIES

Molecular Weight: 276.28
XLogP3-AA: 0.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 276.12090297
Monoisotopic Mass: 276.12090297
Topological Polar Surface Area: 99.1 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 19
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 304
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

FIRST AID

Inhalation:

Prevention:
Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

First aid:
Fresh air, rest.

Skin:

Prevention:
Protective gloves.

First aid:
Remove contaminated clothes.
Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

Eyes:

Prevention:
Wear safety spectacles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

First aid:
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Ingestion:

Prevention:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

First aid:
Rinse mouth.
Give one or two glasses of water to drink.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Observe normal precautions appropriate to the circumstances and quantity of material handled.
Triethyl citrate is irritating to the eyes and may irritate the skin.

It is irritating to the respiratory system as a mist or at elevated temperatures.
Gloves, eye protection, and a respirator are recommended.

Triethyl citrate should be stored in a closed container in a cool, dry location.
When stored in accordance with these conditions, triethyl citrate is a stable product.

SYNONYMS

Citric Acid, Triethyl Ester
TEC; Ethyl citrate
Triaethylcitrat (German)
Triethylester Kyseliny Citronove (Czech)
2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic Acid, Triethyl ester; Citroflex 2;
TRIETHYL CITRATE
77-93-0
Ethyl citrate
Citroflex 2
Eudraflex
Hydragen CAT
Citric acid, triethyl ester
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, triethyl ester
triethyl 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
Triaethylcitrat
FEMA No. 3083
Citric Acid Triethyl Ester
Triethylester kyseliny citronove
Citroflex ec
Citrofol ai
Morflex tec
Crodamol TC
Uniflex TEC
Citroflex c 2
NSC 8907
Citroflex sc 60
Morflex c 2
Uniplex 80
Hydagen C.A.T
Triethyl citrate (NF)
Triethyl citrate [NF]
NSC-8907
Triethyl 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate
8Z96QXD6UM
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, triethyl ester
E1505
INS NO.1505
INS-1505
TEC
E-1505
Triaethylcitrat [German]
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 1,2,3-triethyl ester
HSDB 729
Citric acid ethyl ester
EINECS 201-070-7
UNII-8Z96QXD6UM
BRN 1801199
Triethylester kyseliny citronove [Czech]
AI3-00659
Citric acid triethyl
Triethyl Citrate, FCC
EC 201-070-7
DSSTox_CID_20701
DSSTox_RID_79552
DSSTox_GSID_40701
SCHEMBL23465
TRIETHYL CITRATE [II]
TRIETHYL CITRATE [FCC]
CHEMBL464988
TRIETHYL CITRATE [FHFI]
TRIETHYL CITRATE [HSDB]
TRIETHYL CITRATE [INCI]
1,2,3-triethyl 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
DTXSID0040701
FEMA 3083
WLN: 2OV1XQVO2&1VO2
NSC8907
TRIETHYL CITRATE [MART.]
CHEBI:168426
TRIETHYL CITRATE [USP-RS]
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, delta triethyl ester
ZINC1648322
Tox21_300004
MFCD00009201
s6223
Triethyl citrate, analytical standard
CITRIC ACID ETHYL ESTER [MI]
Triethyl citrate, >=98.0% (GC)
AKOS015838720
CS-W012318
HY-W011602
TRIETHYL CITRATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Triethyl citrate, >=99%, FCC, FG
CAS-77-93-0
NCGC00164037-01
NCGC00164037-02
NCGC00253989-01
Triethyl citrate, natural, >=97%, FG
Triethyl citrate, natural, >=99%, FG
BS-18150
Ethyl citrate, citric acid triethyl ester
DB-056271
FT-0631336
triethyl2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
D06228
D70438
Triethyl citrate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
A839294
Q418057
SR-01000883952
Triethyl 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate #
Q-201868
SR-01000883952-1
2-hydroxy-propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acidtriethyl ester
1,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, triethyl ester
Triethyl citrate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Triethyl citrate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

CAS Number: 78-40-0
EC Number: 201-114-5
Formula: C6H15O4P / (C2H5)3PO4
Molecular mass: 182.2

Triethyl phosphate is a chemical compound with the formula (C2H5)3PO4.
Triethyl phosphate is a colorless liquid.
Triethyl phosphate is the triester of ethanol and phosphoric acid and can be called "phosphoric acid, triethyl ester".
Triethyl phosphate is a chemical compound with the formula (C2H5)3PO4 or OP(OEt)3. Triethyl phosphate is a colorless liquid.
Triethyl phosphate is the triester of ethanol and phosphoric acid and can be called "phosphoric acid, triethyl ester".

Uses:
Triethyl phosphate is sold by LANXESS for use as a flame retardant in the manufacture of polyisocyanurate (PIR) and polyurethane (PUR) foam insulation and thermoset plastic products.
The chemical compound is also used as a viscosity reducer in plastic resins, and as a catalyst, solvent or intermediate in the production of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, lacquers and other products.
Triethyl phosphate is use as a flame retardant in the manufacture of polyisocyanurate (PIR) and polyurethane (PUR) foam insulation and thermoset plastic products.
The chemical compound is also used as a viscosity reducer in plastic resins, and as a catalyst, solvent or intermediate in the production of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, lacquers and other products.
As ethylating agent; formation of polyesters which are used as insecticides.
Triethyl phosphate (TEP) is useful as a plasticizer for flame resistant unsaturated polyester resins (used for fiberglass), a solvent for varied applications, and an agricultural chemical intermediate.

Triethyl phosphate uses and applications include
Intermediate for agriculture insecticides, floor polishes, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, aprotic solvent, flame-retardant plasticizer in cellulosic, polyester resins, PU, viscous depressant in polyester laminates, cellulosic, a catalyst for synthesizing ketene in production of acetic anhydride, lacquer remover, solvating and desensitizing agent for organic peroxides, solvent for textiles, dyeing assistant, in sizes, in food packaging adhesives.

History
Triethyl phosphate was studied for the first time by French chemist Jean Louis Lassaigne in the early 19th century.

Triethyl phosphate appears as a colorless, corrosive liquid.
Combustible.
Slowly dissolves in water and sinks in water.
Severely irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes.

Triethyl phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate that is the triethy ester derivative of phosphoric acid.
Triethyl phosphate derives from an ethanol.

USES
-Used as a catalyst in the production of acetic anhydride by the ketene process, as a desensitizing agent for peroxides, and as a solvent and plasticizer
-Solvent; plasticizer for resins, plastics, gums; catalyst; lacquer remover.
-As a plasticizer, solvent, fire-retarding agent, anti-foaming agent
-As an ethylating agent, and as a raw material to prepare insecticides such as tetraethyl pyrophosphate.
-As ethylating agent; formation of polyesters which are used as insecticides.

Industry Uses
Flame retardants
Intermediates
Process regulators

Consumer Uses
Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere
Forest fire suppression.
Intermediate

Industry Processing Sectors
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
Construction
Plastics product manufacturing
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing

Formula: C6H15O4P / (C2H5)3PO4
Molecular mass: 182.2
Boiling point: 215°C
Melting point: -57°C
Relative density (water = 1): 1.07
Solubility in water: miscible
Vapour pressure, Pa at 20°C: 20
Relative vapour density (air = 1): 6.3
Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20°C (air = 1): 1.00
Flash point: 116°C o.c.
Auto-ignition temperature: 452°C
Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 0.8

Triethyl phosphate is a clear, colorless liquid having a mild pleasant odor.
Triethyl phosphate is useful as a solvent in many applications, as a plasticizer for tough, fire-resistant plastics, and as an agricultural chemical as an intermediate in preparing tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP).

Applications/uses
Process solvents

Applications
Triethyl phosphate finds it major applications in plastics industry as a flame retardant, plasticizer and carrier, where it is available in the matrix.
A further 10 to 20 % are used in other industrial branches as a solvent, plasticizer, flame retardant or intermediate for the production of pharmaceuticals, and lacquers.
Triethyl phosphate is a useful synthetic intermediate used in the synthesis of mesoporous spheres of metal oxides and phosphates.
Triethyl phosphate is also used as an industrial catalyst employed in ketene synthesis where the compound is hydrolyzed, as a polymer resin modifier, as a solvent, a car paint repairing product and as flame retarder

TEP – (Triethyl Phosphate) is a flame retardants that shows low acute toxicity following oral, dermal or inhalation exposures.
Triethyl Phosphate’s a slight skin and eye irritant and is not genetically active.

About this substance
Helpful information
ThisTriethyl phosphateance is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Triethyl phosphate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses
Triethyl phosphate is used in the following products: polymers, adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and leather treatment products. Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)), indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints), indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Article service life
Other release to the environment of Triethyl phosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).
Triethyl phosphate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).
Triethyl phosphate can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture) and rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).

Widespread uses by professional workers
Triethyl phosphate is used in the following products: polymers, adhesives and sealants, plant protection products, coating products and fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.
Triethyl phosphate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Other release to the environment of Triethyl phosphate is likely to occur from: outdoor use and indoor use.

Triethyl phosphates primary uses are as an industrial catalyst (in acetic anhydride synthesis), a polymer resin modifier, and a plasticizer (e.g. for unsaturated polyesters).
In smaller scale it is used as a solvent for e.g. cellulose acetate, flame retardant, an intermediate for pesticides and other chemicals, stabilizer for peroxides, a strength agent for rubber and plastic including vinyl polymers and unsaturated polyesters, etc.

Formulation or re-packing
Triethyl phosphate is used in the following products: polymers, plant protection products and adhesives and sealants.
Release to the environment of Triethyl phosphate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses at industrial sites
Triethyl phosphate is used in the following products: polymers, leather treatment products and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Triethyl phosphate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Triethyl phosphate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, plastic products and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Triethyl phosphate can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, in processing aids at industrial sites and for thermoplastic manufacture.

Manufacture
Release to the environment of Triethyl phosphate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Triethyl phosphate is a useful synthetic intermediate used in the synthesis of mesoporous spheres of metal oxides and phosphates.
Triethyl Phosphate Mainly used for high boiling point solvents, catalysts, plasticizers, flame retardants, ethyl agent, organic peroxide stabilizer.

Triethyl Phosphate is a liquid form, kosher resin intermediate that effectively reduces viscosity and can be used as a synergist for flame resistance.
Triethyl phosphate (TEP) is useful as a plasticizer for flame resistant unsaturated polyester resins (used for fiberglass), a solvent for varied applications, and an agricultural chemical intermediate.
Triethyl phosphate is a chemical compound with the formula (C₂H₅)₃PO₄ or OP(OEt)₃. Triethyl phosphate is a colorless liquid.
Triethyl phosphate is the triester of ethanol and phosphoric acid and can be called "phosphoric acid, triethyl ester".
Triethyl phosphate (TEP) is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild pleasant odor. Triethyl phosphate is also called phosphoric acid and triethyl ester.

Occurrence/Use
Industrial catalyst, desensitizing agent for peroxides, ethylating agent, plasticizer, color inhibitor for fibers and other polymers, solvent for aromatic halogenations and nitrations, flame retardant, anti-foaming agent; stabilizer in pesticides

APPLICATION
Triethyl phosphate, Cas 78-40-0 - used in other industrial branches as a solvent, plasticizer, flame retardant or intermediate for the production of pharmaceuticals, and lacquers.

Triethyl phosphate is a colorless, high-boiling liquid and containing 17 wt % phosphorus; mild odor.
Very stable at ordinary temperatures, compatible with many gums and resins, soluble in most organic solvents, miscible with water.
When mixed with water is quite stable at room temperature, but at elevated temperatures it hydrolyzes slowly.
Combustible.
Triethyl phosphate is manufactured from diethyl ether and phosphorus pentoxide via a metaphosphate intermediate.

Triethyl phosphate has been used commercially as an additive for polyester laminates and in cellulosics.
In polyester resins it functions as a viscosity depressant and as a flame retardant.
The viscosity-depressant effect of triethyl phosphate in polyester resin permits high loadings of alumina trihydrate, a fire- retardant smoke-suppressant filler.
Triethyl phosphate has also been employed as a flame-resistant plasticizer in cellulose acetate.
Because of its water solubility, the use of triethyl phosphate is limited to situations where weathering resistance is unimportant.
The halogenated alkyl phosphates are generally used for applications where lower volatility and greater resistance to leaching are required.

Properties
Chemical formula: C6H15O4P
Molar mass: 182.15 g/mol
Density: 1.072 g/cm3
Melting point: −56.5 °C (−69.7 °F; 216.7 K)
Boiling point: 215 °C (419 °F; 488 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -125.3·10−6 cm3/mol

General Description
Triethyl phosphate [78-40-0] is a colorless, corrosive liquid. Combustible.
Slowly dissolves in water and sinks in water.
Severely irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
Triethyl phosphate is manufactured from diethyl ether and phosphorus pentoxide via a metaphosphate intermediate.
Triethyl phosphate has been used commercially as an additive for polyester laminates and in cellulosics.

In polyester resins it functions as a viscosity depressant and as a flame retardant.
The viscosity-depressant effect of triethyl phosphate in polyester resin permits high loadings of alumina trihydrate,a fire-retardant smoke-suppressant filler.
Triethyl phosphate has also been employed as a flame-resistant plasticizer in cellulose acetate.
Because of its water solubility the use of triethyl phosphate is limited to situations where weathering resistance is unimportant.
The halogenated alkyl phosphates are generally used for applications where lower volatility and greater resistance to leaching are required.

Industrial uses
-Plasticizer for cellulose acetate, resins, plastics, gums.
-Flame retardant additive in unsaturated polyester resins.
-Solvent; lacquer remover.
-Catalyst.
-Chemical intermediate; ethylating agent.

Applications
Triethyl phosphate finds it major applications in plastics industry as a flame retardant, plasticizer and carrier, where it is available in the matrix.
A further 10 to 20 % are used in other industrial branches as a solvent, plasticizer, flame retardant or intermediate for the production of pharmaceuticals, and lacquers.
Triethyl phosphate is a useful synthetic intermediate used in the synthesis of mesoporous spheres of metal oxides and phosphates.
Triethyl phosphate is also used as an industrial catalyst employed in ketene synthesis where the compound is hydrolyzed, as a polymer resin modifier, as a solvent, a car paint repairing product and as flame retarder

Triethyl phosphate is a colorless liquid at ambient temperatures.
The chemical has a mild, characteristic odor.

IUPAC NAMES:
Ethylphosphate, triethylester
phosphoric acid triethyl ester
Phosphoric acid, triethyl ester
riethyl phosphate
TEP
Tri Ethyl Phosphate
Tributylphosphat
TRIETHYL PHOSPHATE
Triethyl Phosphate
Triethyl phosphate
triethyl phosphate
TRIETHYL PHOSPHATE
Triethyl phosphate
triethyl phosphate
Triethylphosphat
Triethylphosphate
Triethylphosphate, Phosphoric acid triethyl ester, Triethyl orthophosphate,
trietile fosfato
1705772 [Beilstein]
201-114-5 [EINECS]
78-40-0 [RN]
MFCD00009077 [MDL number]
Phosphate de triéthyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Phosphoric acid triethyl ester
Phosphoric acid, triethyl ester [ACD/Index Name]
TC7900000
TEP
Triethyl phosphate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Triethylfosfat [Czech]
Triethylphosphat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Triethylphosphate
(C2H5O)3PO
[78-40-0]
135942-11-9 [RN]
4-01-00-01339 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
EINECS 201-114-5
Ethyl phosphate (VAN)
http:////www.amadischem.com/proen/509570/
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:45927
InChI=1/C6H15O4P/c1-4-8-11(7,9-5-2)10-6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H
NCGC00091606-02
o-Phosphoric acid triethyl ester
Phosphoric acid triethyl ester, TEP
TEN
triethoxy-hydroxyphosphanium
triethoxy-hydroxy-phosphanium
triethoxy-hydroxyphosphonium
triethoxy-hydroxy-phosphonium
Triethoxyphosphine oxide
TRI-ETHYL PHOSPHATE
Triethyl Phosphate (TEP)
Triethyl phosphate(TEP)
TRIETHYL PHOSPHATE, 99%
Triethyl phosphate,C6H15O4P,78-40-0
Triethyl Phosphate-d15
TRIETHYL-13C6 PHOSPHATE
Triethyl-d15-phosphate
Triethylfosfat
Triethylfosfat [Czech]
tri-ethylphosphate

Triethylamine Synthesis and properties of Triethylamine Triethylamine is prepared by the alkylation of ammonia with ethanol: NH3 + 3 C2H5OH → N(C2H5)3 + 3 H2O The pKa of protonated triethylamine is 10.75, and it can be used to prepare buffer solutions at that pH. The hydrochloride salt, triethylamine hydrochloride (triethylammonium chloride), is a colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic powder, which decomposes when heated to 261 °C. Triethylamine is soluble in water to the extent of 112.4 g/L at 20 °C. It is also miscible in common organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether. Laboratory samples of triethylamine can be purified by distilling from calcium hydride. In alkane solvents triethylamine is a Lewis base that forms adducts with a variety of Lewis acid such as I2 and phenols. Owing to its steric bulk, it forms complexes with transition metals reluctantly. Applications of Triethylamine Triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis as a base. For example, it is commonly used as a base during the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides. Such reactions lead to the production of hydrogen chloride which combines with triethylamine to form the salt triethylamine hydrochloride, commonly called triethylammonium chloride. This reaction removes the hydrogen chloride from the reaction mixture, which can be required for these reactions to proceed to completion (R, R' = alkyl, aryl): R2NH + R'C(O)Cl + Et3N → R'C(O)NR2 + Et3NH+Cl− Like other tertiary amines, it catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins. It is also useful in dehydrohalogenation reactions and Swern oxidations. Triethylamine is readily alkylated to give the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt: RI + Et3N → Et3NR+I− Triethylamine is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium salts of dyes. It is also a catalyst and acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals. Triethylamine salts like any other tertiary ammonium salts are used as an ion-interaction reagent in ion interaction chromatography, due to their amphiphilic properties. Unlike quaternary ammonium salts, tertiary ammonium salts are much more volatile, therefore mass spectrometry can be used while performing analysis. Niche uses of Triethylamine Triethylamine is used to give salts of various carboxylic acid-containing pesticides, e.g. Triclopyr and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Triethylamine is the active ingredient in FlyNap, a product for anesthetizing Drosophila melanogaster. Triethylamine is used in mosquito and vector control labs to anesthetize mosquitoes. This is done to preserve any viral material that might be present during species identification. Also, the bicarbonate salt of triethylamine (often abbreviated TEAB, triethylammonium bicarbonate) is useful in reverse phase chromatography, often in a gradient to purify nucleotides and other biomolecules. Triethylamine was found during the early 1940s to be hypergolic in combination with nitric acid, and was considered a possible propellant for early hypergolic rocket engines. Natural occurrence of Triethylamine Hawthorn flowers have a heavy, complicated scent, the distinctive part of which is triethylamine, which is also one of the first chemicals produced by a dead human body when it begins to decay. For this reason, it is considered as unlucky to bring Hawthorn (or May blossom) into the house. Gangrene is also said to possess a similar odour. On a brighter note, it is also described as 'the smell of sex', specifically of semen. Application of Triethylamine Triethylamine has been used: • as a hydrogen donor for the polymerization of various monomers • to catalyze silanization • in the synthesis of the Cy3-Alexa647 heterodimer • in the synthesis of methacrylated solubilized decellularized cartilage Biochem/physiol Actions of Triethylamine Triethylamine is known to drive polymerization reaction. It acts as a source of carbon and nitrogen for bacterial cultures. Triethylamine is used in pesticides. Triethylamine can serve as an organic solvent. General description of Triethylamine Triethylamine (TEA, Et3N) is an aliphatic amine. Its addition to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrices affords transparent liquid matrices with enhanced ability for spatial resolution during MALDI mass spectrometric (MS) imaging. A head-space gas chromatography (GC) procedure for the determination of triethylamine in active pharmaceutical ingredients has been reported. The viscosity coefficient of triethylamine vapor over a range of density and temperature has been measured. Application of Triethylamine Triethylamine has been used during the synthesis of: • 5′-dimethoxytrityl-5-(fur-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine • 3′-(2-cyanoethyl)diisopropylphosphoramidite-5′-dimethoxytrityl-5-(fur-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine • polyethylenimine600-β-cyclodextrin (PEI600-β-CyD) It may be used as a homogeneous catalyst for the preparation of glycerol dicarbonate, via transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Triethylamine appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor. Flash point 20°F. Vapors irritate the eyes and mucous membranes. Less dense (6.1 lb / gal) than water. Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned. Triethylamine is a tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an ethyl group. Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to triethylamine vapor causes eye irritation, corneal swelling, and halo vision. People have complained of seeing "blue haze" or having "smoky vision." These effects have been reversible upon cessation of exposure. Acute exposure can irritate the skin and mucous membranes in humans. Chronic (long-term) exposure of workers to triethylamine vapor has been observed to cause reversible corneal edema. Chronic inhalation exposure has resulted in respiratory and hematological effects and eye lesions in rats and rabbits. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of triethylamine in humans. EPA has not classified triethylamine with respect to potential carcinogenicity. Liquid triethylamine will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings. The pharmacokinetics of the industrially important compound triethylamine (TEA) and its metabolite triethylamine-N-oxide (Triethylamine) were studied in four volunteers after oral and intravenous administration. Triethylamine was efficiently absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, rapidly distributed, and in part metabolized into Triethylamine. There was no significant first pass metabolism. Triethylamine was also well absorbed from the GI tract. Within the GI tract, Triethylamine was reduced into Triethylamine (19%) and dealkylated into diethylamine (DEA; 10%). The apparent volumes of distribution during the elimination phase were 192 liters for Triethylamine and 103 liters for Triethylamine. Gastric intubation showed that there was a close association between levels of Triethylamine in plasma and gastric juice, the latter levels being 30 times higher. The Triethylamine and Triethylamine in plasma had half-lives of about 3 and 4 hr, respectively. Exhalation of Triethylamine was minimal. More than 90% of the dose was recovered in the urine as Triethylamine and Triethylamine. The urinary clearances of Triethylamine and Triethylamine indicated that in addition to glomerular filtration, tubular secretion takes place. For Triethylamine at high levels, the secretion appears to be saturable. The present data, in combination with those of earlier studies, indicate that the sum of Triethylamine and Triethylamine in urine may be used for biological monitoring of exposure to Triethylamine. Uses of Triethylamine Triethylamine is used as a catalytic solvent in chemical syntheses; as an accelerator activator for rubber; as a corrosion inhibitor; as a curing and hardening agent for polymers; as a propellant; in the manufacture of wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium compounds; and for the desalination of seawater. The objectives of the study were to assess triethylamine (TEA) exposure in cold-box core making and to study the applicability of urinary Triethylamine measurement in exposure evaluation. Air samples were collected by pumping of air through activated-charcoal-filled glass tubes, and pre- and postshift urine samples were collected. The Triethylamine concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. Triethylamine was measured in air and urine samples from the same shift. Breathing-zone measurements of 19 workers in 3 foundries were included in the study, and stationary and continuous air measurements were also made in the same foundries. Pre- and postshift urine samples were analyzed for their Triethylamine and triethylamine-N-oxide (Triethylamine) concentrations. The Triethylamine concentration range was 0.3-23 mg/cu m in the breathing zone of the core makers. The mean 8-hr time-weighted average exposure levels were 1.3, 4.0, and 13 mg/cu m for the three foundries. Most of the preshift urinary Triethylamine concentrations were under the detection limit, whereas the postshift urinary Triethylamine concentrations ranged between 5.6 and 171 mmol/mol creatinine. The Triethylamine concentrations were 4-34% (mean 19%) of the summed Triethylamine + Triethylamine concentrations. The correlation between air and urine measurements was high (r=0.96, p<0.001). A Triethylamine air concentration of 4.1 mg/cu m (the current ACGIH 8-hr time-weighted average threshold limit value) corresponded to a urinary concentration of 36 mmol/mol creatinine. In 20 workers studied before, during, and after exposure to triethylamine (TEA) in a polyurethane-foam producing plant the amount of Triethylamine and its metabolite triethylamine-N-oxide (Triethylamine) excreted in urine corresponded to an average of 80% of the inhaled amount. An average of 27% was Triethylamine, but with a pronounced interindividual variation. Older subjects excreted more than younger ones; less than 0.3% was excreted as diethylamine. There have been few studies on the metabolism of industrially important aliphatic amines such as triethylamine. It is generally assumed that amines not normally present in the body are metabolized by monoamine oxidase and diamine oxidase (histaminase). Monoamine oxidase catalyzes the deamination of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. Ultimately ammonia is formed and will be converted to urea. The hydrogen peroxide formed is acted upon by catalase and the aldehyde formed is thought to be converted to the corresponding carboxylic acid by the action of aldehyde oxidase. Five healthy volunteers were exposed by inhalation to triethylamine (Triethylamine; four or eight hours at about 10, 20, 35, and 50 mg/cu m), a compound widely used as a curing agent in polyurethane systems. Analysis of plasma and urine showed that an average of 24% of the Triethylamine was biotransformed into triethylamine-N-oxide (Triethylamine) but with a wide interindividual variation (15-36%). The Triethylamine and Triethylamine were quantitatively eliminated in the urine. The plasma and urinary concentrations of Triethylamine and Triethylamine decreased rapidly after the end of exposure (average half time of Triethylamine was 3.2 hr). In 20 workers studied before, during, and after exposure to triethylamine (TEA) in a polyurethane-foam producing plant the amount of Triethylamine and its metabolite triethylamine-N-oxide (Triethylamine) excreted in urine corresponded to an average of 80% of the inhaled amount. An average of 27% was Triethylamine, but with a pronounced interindividual variation. Older subjects excreted more than younger ones; less than 0.3% was excreted as diethylamine. After oral dose of triethylamine to four men, triethylamine in plasma had a half-life of about 3 hr (range, 2.4-3.5 hr). In 20 workers studied before, during, and after exposure to triethylamine (TEA) in a polyurethane-foam producing plant the amount of Triethylamine and its metabolite triethylamine-N-oxide (Triethylamine) excreted in urine corresponded to an average of 80% of the inhaled amount. The data indicate half-lives for Triethylamine and Triethylamine excretion in urine of about 3 hr. IDENTIFICATION of Triethylamine: Triethylamine is a colorless liquid with a strong fish odor. It mixes easily with water. USE: Triethylamine is an important commercial chemical. It is used as a curing catalyst in foundry molds, and in particle-board adhesives. It is used for the precipitation and purification of antibiotics. It is used for the production of polycarbonate resins. Triethylamine is found in tobacco smoke, two household use products (floor finish, stump and vine killer) and is approved for use in food and food packaging. EXPOSURE of Triethylamine: Workers that produce or use triethylamine may breathe in vapors or have direct skin contact. The general population may be exposed by vapors given off of food, from tobacco smoke, and by dermal contact with products containing triethylamine. If triethylamine is released to the environment, it will be broken down in air by reaction with hydroxyl radicals. It is not likely to be broken down in the air by sunlight. It will not volatilize into air from moist soil or water surfaces, but may volatilize from dry soil. It is expected to move easily through soil. It may be broken down by microorganisms, and is not expected to build up in fish. RISK of Triethylamine: Temporary eye irritation and damage, causing eye pain and hazy, blurred, and/or halo vision, have been reported in workers and volunteers exposed to low vapor levels of triethylamine. Nose and throat irritation have also been reported at moderate vapor levels. An increase in mild, reoccurring headaches was associated with occupational exposure to triethylamine in one study; no changes in blood pressure were observed. Data on the potential for triethylamine to produce other toxic effects in humans were not available. Triethylamine is a skin, eye, and respiratory irritant in laboratory animals. Difficulty breathing, nervous system effects (excitation, tremors, convulsions), and damage to the lungs, eyes, liver, kidney, and heart were observed in laboratory animals exposed to moderate-to-high vapor levels; some animals died at high exposure levels. Convulsions, abnormal reflexes, stomach irritation, changes in the blood, and decreased body weight occurred in laboratory animals repeatedly fed moderate-to-high levels of triethylamine; some animals died at high exposure levels. Triethylamine did not cause cancer in laboratory animals following lifetime oral exposure. No changes in fertility or abortion were observed in laboratory animals fed triethylamine over three generations. Data on the potential for triethylamine to cause birth defects in laboratory animals were not available. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists has determined that triethyamine is not classifiable as a human carcinogen. The potential for triethylamine to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 13th Report on Carcinogens. USES of Triethylamine Triethylamine is used as a catalytic solvent in chemical syntheses; as an accelerator activator for rubber; as a corrosion inhibitor; as a curing and hardening agent for polymers; as a propellant; in the manufacture of wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium compounds; and for the desalination of seawater. Determination of triethylamine and 2-dimethylaminoethanol by isotachophoresis in air samples from polyurethane foam production was studied. Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to triethylamine vapor causes eye irritation, corneal swelling, and halo vision. People have complained of seeing "blue haze" or having "smoky vision." These effects have been reversible upon cessation of exposure. Acute exposure can irritate the skin and mucous membranes in humans. Chronic (long-term) exposure of workers to triethylamine vapor has been observed to cause reversible corneal edema. Chronic inhalation exposure has resulted in respiratory and hematological effects and eye lesions in rats and rabbits. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of triethylamine in humans. EPA has not classified triethylamine with respect to potential carcinogenicity. Triethylamine/ is strongly alkaline, and when drop is applied to rabbit's eye, causes severe injury, graded 9 on scale of 1 to 10 after 24 hr /most severe injuries have been rated 10/. Tests of aqueaous solution on rabbit eyes at pH 10 and pH 11 indicate injuriousness /of triethylamine/ is related principally to degree of alkalinity. A waste containing triethylamine may (or may not) be characterized a hazardous waste following testing for ignitability characteristics as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. NIOSH questioned whether the PEL proposed by OSHA for triethylamine was adequate to protect workers from recognized health hazards: TWA 10 ppm; STEL 15 ppm. Toxic gases and vapors (such as oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide) may be released in fire involving triethylamine. This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Triethylamine is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Triethylamine is included on this list. USE of Triethylamine: Triethylamine (TEA) is a colorless liquid. It is used as catalytic solvent in chemical synthesis; accelerator activators for rubber; wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium types; curing and hardening of polymers; corrosion inhibitor; propellant. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY of Triethylamine: Aside from irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, triethylamine also stimulates the central nervous system, because it inhibits monamine oxidase. Experimental studies were conducted in four healthy men on the metabolism of inhaled Triethylamine (20 mg/cu m) with and without ethanol ingestion. Three subjects displayed visual disturbances in the experiments without ethanol. These same subjects did not experience any visual disturbances in those experiments containing ethanol. In another study, four hour exposure to a Triethylamine concentration of 3.0 mg/cu m seemed to cause no effects, whereas exposure to 6.5 mg/cu m for the same period caused blurred vision and a decrease in contrast sensitivity. Two volunteers were exposed to various airborne concentrations of triethylamine. Levels of 18 mg/cu m for eight hours caused subjective visual disturbances (haze and halos) and objective corneal edema. The effects faded within hours after the end of exposure. A cross-sectional study of visual disturbances was conducted in 19 workers (13 men, 6 women, mean age 45) employed in a polyurethane foam production plant. Visual disturbances (foggy vision, blue haze, and sometimes halo phemomena) were reported by 5 workers. Symptoms were associated with work operations with the highest exposure to triethylamine (TWA= 12-13 mg/cu m). ANIMAL STUDIES of Triethylamine: Triethylamine irritates the mucous membranes and the respiratory tract. In concentrations of 156 ppm a 50% decrease of the respiratory rate in rats was found. A 70% solution applied on the skin of guinea pigs caused prompt skin burns leading to necrosis; when held in contact with guinea pig skin for 2 hr, there was severe skin irritation with extensive necrosis and deep scarring. Five cat eyes and 1 monkey eye were exposed to triethylamine. Animals were exposed to triethylamine at rates of 0.45-0.85 mmol triethylamine/5 min for periods ranging from 1 to 5 min. Corneal epithelial damage occurred at all doses and was severe at higher concentrations. In all cases the epithelium was healed by day 4. Optical discontinuities of the stroma similar to those seen in human patients were observed at all dose levels. Convulsions observed in all rats given oral dosages of 50 mg or more. Triethylamine was tested on 3 day old chicken embryos. Malformations observed were: small eye cup 31%, defects of lids and cornea 73%, defects of beak 4%, encephalocoele or skin pimple in head 23%, open coelom 35%, short back or neck 42%, defects of wings 38%, and edema and lymph blebs 4%. Triethylamine was tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay. Triethylamine was tested at doses of 0, 100, 333, 1000, 3333, and 10,000 ug/plate in four Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537) in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Triethylamine was negative in these tests. Employee who /will be/ exposed to triethylamine at potentially hazardous levels should be screened for history of certain medical conditions /chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, kidney diseases, eye diseases/ which might place the employee at increased risk from triethylamine exposure. Any employee developing the conditions should be referred for further medical exam. Experimental studies were conducted in four healthy men on the metab of inhaled triethylamine (TEA) (20 mg/cu m) with and without ethanol ingestion. The mean serum ethanol concn during exposure & in the first hr after exposure was 25 mmol/L, ranging from 16 to 35 mmol/L. Triethylamine was readily absorbed during exposure & partly oxygenated into triethylamine-N-oxide. The concn in plasma of Triethylamine at the end of the exposure were lower in experiments with ethanol intake. Triethylamine plus ethanol plus sodium bicarbonate caused the highest plasma levels, with only minor Triethylamine amounts exhaled. The half live of Triethylamine in urine was similar in many experiments. The triethylamine-N-oxide excretion was lower after ethanol ingestion than after exposure to Triethylamine alone. Urinary pH profoundly affected Triethylamine metabolism. /SRP: A decrease of the urinary pH by one increased renal clearance of Triethylamine by a factor of 2./A change in urinary pH by about 2 units caused a change of renal clearance of Triethylamine by a factor of three & of the oxygenation by a factor of two. Renal clearance of triethylamine-N-oxide was not affected by urinary pH. Three subjects displayed visual disturbances in the experiments without ethanol. These same subjects did not experience any visual disturbances in those experiments containing ethanol. It was concluded that, theoretically, the ethanol intake & varying urinary pH may affect the possibility of monitoring Triethylamine exposure through biological samples. Although there was good correlation between air Triethylamine levels & either end shift plasma levels & post shift urinary excretion of Triethylamine plus triethylamine-N-oxide in an industrial settling, a determination of urinary pH would help. Four people were exposed to triethylamine (TEA) for 4 hr at concentrations of 40.6, 6.5, and 3.0 mg/cu m. Before and after every exposure, symptoms and ocular microscopy findings were recorded. Binocular visual acuity and contrast sensitivity at 2.5% contrast were also measured. Also, before and after the 40.6 mg/cu m exposure, corneal thickness was measured and ocular dimensions were recorded by ultrasonography, endothelial cells of the cornea were analyzed, and serum and lacrimal specimens were collected for the analysis of Triethylamine. After exposure to 40.6 mg/cu m Triethylamine there was a marked edema in the corneal epithelium and subepithelial microcysts. However, corneal thickness increased only minimally because of the epithelial edema. The lacrimal concentrations of Triethylamine were, on average (range) 41 (18-83) times higher than the serum Triethylamine concentrations. The vision was blurred in all subjects and visual acuity and contrast sensitivity had decreased in three of the four subjects. After exposure to Triethylamine at 6.5 mg/cu m two subjects experienced symptoms, and contrast sensitivity had decreased in three of the four subjects. There were no symptoms or decreases in contrast sensitivity after exposure to a Triethylamine concentration of 3.0 mg/cu m. Triethylamine caused a marked edema and microcysts in corneal epithelium but only minor increases in corneal thickness. The effects may be mediated by the lacrimal fluid owing to its high Triethylamine concentration. Four hour exposure to a Triethylamine concentration of 3.0 mg/cu m seemed to cause no effects, whereas exposure to 6.5 mg/cu m for the same period caused blurred vision and a decrease in contrast sensitivity. Triethylamine is 10.78, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as a cation and cations do not volatilize. Triethylamine may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 28% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, triethylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's pKa. BCFs of <4.9 measured in carp suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to triethylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where triethylamine is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to triethylamine via inhalation of tobacco smoke and ambient air, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with consumer products containing triethylamine. Triethylamine's production and use in the synthesis of semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins, as a polyurethane catalysts, an anti-corrosion agent, in paper, textile and photographic auxiliaries, and in anodic electro-coating may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme, an estimated Koc value of 51, determined from a structure estimation method, indicates that triethylamine is expected to have high mobility in soil. The pKa of triethylamine is 10.78, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization of the cation from moist soil is not expected because cations do not volatilize. Triethylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon a vapor pressure of 57.07 mm Hg at 25 °C. A 28% of Theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil. AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme, an estimated Koc value of 51, determined from a structure estimation method, indicates that triethylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected based upon a pKa of 10.78, indicating that triethylamine will exist almost entirely in the cation form and cations do not volatilize. Triethylamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. According to a classification scheme, BCFs of <4.9, suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Triethylamine present at 100 mg/L, reached 28% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test. ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, triethylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 57.07 mm Hg at 25 °C, is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase triethylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.2 hours, calculated from its rate constant of 9.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C that was derived using a structure estimation method. Triethylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of triethylamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C using a structure estimation method. This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm. Triethylamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Triethylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. Experiments show that triethylamine reacts with NO-NO2-H20 mixtures to form diethylnitroamine both in the dark and on irradiation. On irradiation, triethylamine is highly reactive forming ozone, PAN, acetaldehyde, diethylnitroamine, diethylformamide, ethylacetamide, and diethylacetamide and aerosols. These experiments were performed in large outdoor chambers under natural conditions of temperature, humidity, and illumination. Initially the mixture was allowed to react for two hours in the dark and then exposed to sunlight. The triethylamine completely disappeared after 90 minutes of illumination. Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices, the Koc of triethylamine can be estimated to be 51. According to a classification scheme, this estimated Koc value suggests that triethylamine is expected to have high mobility in soil. The pKa of triethylamine is 10.78, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. A pKa of 10.78 indicates triethylamine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9. Volatilization from water and moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate because cations do not volatilize. Triethylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon a vapor pressure of 57.07 mm Hg. Triethylamine has been reported in an effluent sample from the plastics and synthetics industry at 356.5 mg/L. It is emitted from sewage treatment plants. Anthropogenic releases of triethylamine by industry in the US to the atmosphere, surface water, underwater injections, land, and off-site were 2.3X10+5, 2299, 1.3X10+5, 10, and 2961 lbs, respectively, for the year 2014.

Triethylamine is the chemical compound with the formula N(CH2CH3)3, commonly abbreviated Et3N.
Furthermore, Triethylamine is also abbreviated TEA, yet this abbreviation must be used carefully to avoid confusion with triethanolamine or tetraethylammonium, for which TEA is also a common abbreviation.

CAS Number: 121-44-8
EC Number: 204-469-4
Chemical formula: C6H15N
Molar mass: 101.193 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless liquid

APPLICATIONS

Triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis as a base.
For example, Triethylamine is commonly used as a base during the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides.
Such reactions lead to the production of hydrogen chloride which combines with Triethylamine to form the salt triethylamine hydrochloride, commonly called triethylammonium chloride.

Hydrogen chloride may then evaporate from the reaction mixture, which drives the reaction. (R, R' = alkyl, aryl):

R2NH + R'C(O)Cl + Et3N → R'C(O)NR2 + Et3NH+Cl−

Like other tertiary amines, Triethylamine catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins.
Triethylamine is also useful in dehydrohalogenation reactions and Swern oxidations.

Triethylamine is readily alkylated to give the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt:

RI + Et3N → Et3NR+I−

Triethylamine is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium salts of dyes.
Moreover, Triethylamine is also a catalyst and acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals.

Triethylamine salts, like any other tertiary ammonium salts, are used as an ion-interaction reagent in ion interaction chromatography, due to their amphiphilic properties.
Unlike quaternary ammonium salts, tertiary ammonium salts are much more volatile, therefore mass spectrometry can be used while performing analysis.

Niche uses of Triethylamine:

Triethylamine is used to give salts of various carboxylic acid-containing pesticides, e.g. Triclopyr and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

Besides, Triethylamine is the active ingredient in FlyNap, a product for anesthetizing Drosophila melanogaster.
Triethylamine is used in mosquito and vector control labs to anesthetize mosquitoes.
This is done to preserve any viral material that might be present during species identification.

The bicarbonate salt of triethylamine (often abbreviated TEAB, triethylammonium bicarbonate) is useful in reverse phase chromatography, often in a gradient to purify nucleotides and other biomolecules.
Triethylamine was found during the early 1940s to be hypergolic in combination with nitric acid, and was considered a possible propellant for early hypergolic rocket engines.
The Soviet "Scud" Missile used TG-02 ("Tonka-250"), a mixture of 50% xylidine and 50% triethlyamine as a starting fluid to ignite its rocket engine.

Natural occurrence of Triethylamine:

Hawthorn flowers have a heavy, complicated scent, the distinctive part of which is triethylamine, which is also one of the first chemicals produced by a dead human body when it begins to decay.
Due to the scent , Triethylamine is considered unlucky to bring hawthorn into a house.
Gangrene and semen are also said to possess a similar odour.

Triethylamine has been used during the synthesis of:

5′-dimethoxytrityl-5-(fur-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine
3′-(2-cyanoethyl)diisopropylphosphoramidite-5′-dimethoxytrityl-5-(fur-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine
polyethylenimine600-β-cyclodextrin (PEI600-β-CyD)

Triethylamine may be used as a homogeneous catalyst for the preparation of glycerol dicarbonate, via transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate.

Identified uses of Triethylamine:

Laboratory chemicals
Manufacture of substances

Triethylamine is used as a catalytic solvent in chemical syntheses; as an accelerator activator for rubber; as a corrosion inhibitor; as a curing and hardening agent for polymers; as a propellant; in the manufacture of wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium compounds; and for the desalination of seawater.

Some uses of Triethylamine:

Products used to polish metal surfaces
Biocide
Emulsion stabilising
Flavouring
Adhesive and adhesive remover related products which do not fit into a more refined category
General purpose repair adhesives including all purpose glues, super glue, and epoxies; not including wood glues
Paint or stain related products that do not fit into a more refined category
Home improvement paints, excluding or not specified as oil-, solvent-, or water-based paints
Products used on wooden surfaces, including decks, to impart transparent or semitransparent color
Products for coating and protecting household surfaces other than glass, stone, or grout
Products used to control or kill unwanted plants

Triethylamine is used as a catalyst for polyurethane foams, an accelerator for rubber, and a curing agent for amino and epoxy resins.
In addition, Triethylamine is used as an accelerator in photography development.
Triethylamine is used to make quaternary ammonium compounds and as a catalyst to make sand-based cores and molds.

Triethylamine is a catalytic solvent in chemical synthesis; accelerator activators for rubber; wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium types; curing and hardening of polymers (e.g., core-binding resins); corrosion inhibitor; propellant.

More to that, Triethylamine is catalyst for epoxy resins.
Triethylamine is used in manufacture of dyestuffs.

Industry Uses of Triethylamine:

Cleaning agent
Dispersing agent
Finishing agents
Intermediates
Pigment
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
pH regulating agent

Triethylamine is used as a competing base for the separation of acidic basic and neutral drugs by reverse-phased high-performance liquid chromatography.
Further to that, Triethylamine induces visual disturbances (such as foggy vision) in humans, and is also used in industry as a quenching agent in the ozonolysis of alkenes (e.g. (E)-2-Pentene [P227315]).

Triethylamine is used in the purification of drugs which are pharmacologically or chemically similar through separation in reverse-phase HPLC.
Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Triethylamine is not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package.
Additionally, Triethylamine is commonly used as a base during the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides.

Triethylamine is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium salts of dyes.
Furthermore, Triethylamine acts as a catalyst and acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals.

Triethylamine is a base used to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides as well as in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Moreover, Triethylamine acts as a catalyst in the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins, dehydrohalogeantion reactions, acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and Swern oxidations.

Triethylamine finds application in reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile-phase modifier.
Besides, Triethylamine is also used as an accelerator activator for rubber, as a propellant, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.
Furthermore, Triethylamine is used in automotive casting industry and textile industry.

Triethylamine is used as a catalytic solvent in chemical syntheses; as an accelerator activator for rubber; as a corrosion inhibitor; as a curing and hardening agent for polymers; as a propellant; in the manufacture of wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium compounds; and for the desalination of seawater.

Applications of Triethylamine:

Ag chem solvents
Agriculture intermediates
Aluminum production
Chemicals & petrochemicals
Electronic chemicals
Insecticides int
Intermediates
Mining
Pharmaceutical chemicals
Resins

Triethylamine (TEA) belongs to the trialkylamine class.
In addition, Triethylamine finds widespread use in chemical industry.

Use of Triethylamine in Coatings:

Triethylamine (TEA) is used as a neutralization agent for anionic stabilized waterborne resins (polyesters, alkyds, acrylic resins and polyurethanes containing carboxyl or other acidic groups).
More to that, Triethylamine is also utilized as a catalyst in the curing of epoxy and polyurethane systems.

Other uses of Triethylamine:

In synthesis, Triethylamine is primarily used as a proton scavenger; however, it is also used in the production of Diethylhydroxylamine and other organic compounds.

DESCRIPTION

Triethylamine is a base used to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides as well as in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Further to that, Triethylamine acts as a catalyst in the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins, dehydrohalogeantion reactions, acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and Swern oxidations.
Triethylamine finds application in reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile-phase modifier.

Triethylamine is also used as an accelerator activator for rubber, as a propellant, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.
Furthermore, Triethylamine is used in automotive casting industry and textile industry.

Triethylamine is a colourless volatile liquid with a strong fishy odor reminiscent of ammonia. Like diisopropylethylamine (Hünig's base), triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis, usually as a base.

Synthesis and properties of Triethylamine:

Triethylamine is prepared by the alkylation of ammonia with ethanol:
NH3 + 3 C2H5OH → N(C2H5)3 + 3 H2O

The pKa of protonated triethylamine is 10.75, and it can be used to prepare buffer solutions at that pH.
The hydrochloride salt, triethylamine hydrochloride (triethylammonium chloride), is a colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic powder, which decomposes when heated to 261 °C.

Triethylamine is soluble in water to the extent of 112.4 g/L at 20 °C.
Additionally, Triethylamine is also miscible in common organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether.

Laboratory samples of triethylamine can be purified by distilling from calcium hydride.
In alkane solvents triethylamine is a Lewis base that forms adducts with a variety of Lewis acids, such as I2 and phenols.
Owing to its steric bulk, Triethylamine forms complexes with transition metals reluctantly.

Triethylamine (TEA, Et3N) is an aliphatic amine.
Its addition to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrices affords transparent liquid matrices with enhanced ability for spatial resolution during MALDI mass spectrometric (MS) imaging.

A head-space gas chromatography (GC) procedure for the determination of triethylamine in active pharmaceutical ingredients has been reported.
The viscosity coefficient of triethylamine vapor over a range of density and temperature has been measured.

Triethylamine appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor.
Flash point of Triethylamine is 20 °F.
Vapors of Triethylamine irritate the eyes and mucous membranes.

Triethylamine is less dense (6.1 lb / gal) than water.
Vapors of Triethylamine are heavier than air.
Triethylamine produces toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned.

Triethylamine is a tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an ethyl group.
Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to triethylamine vapor causes eye irritation, corneal swelling, and halo vision.

Triethylamine is a collorless liquid with a strong, ammonia-like odor.

PROPERTIES

vapor density: 3.5 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 51.75 mmHg ( 20 °C)
assay: ≥99.5%
form: liquid
autoignition temp.: 593 °F
expl. lim.: 8 %
impurities: ≤0.1% (Karl Fischer)
refractive index: n20/D 1.401 (lit.)
pH: 12.7 (15 °C, 100 g/L)
bp: 88.8 °C (lit.)
mp: −115 °C (lit.)
solubility: water: soluble 112 g/L at 20 °C
density: 0.726 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
storage temp.: room temp
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: amine-like
Melting point/freezing point
Melting point/range: -115 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 88,8 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 9,3 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,2 %(V)
Flash point: -11 °C - c.c.
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 12,7 at 100 g/l at 15 °C
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 0,36 mPa.s at 20 °C
Water solubility: 112,4 g/l at 20 °C - soluble
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water
log Pow: 1,45 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 72 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,726 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Molecular Weight: 101.19
XLogP3: 1.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 101.120449483
Monoisotopic Mass: 101.120449483
Topological Polar Surface Area: 3.2 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 25.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

FIRST AID

Description of first-aid measures:
General advice:

First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

After inhalation:

Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
If breathing stops: immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.

In case of skin contact:

Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

In case of eye contact:

Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

Make victim drink water (two glasses at most), avoid vomiting (risk of perforation).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.

Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:

The most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Precautions for safe handling:

Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Avoid generation of vapours/aerosols.

Advice on protection against fire and explosion:

Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of ignition
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.

Hygiene measures:

Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Storage class:

Storage class (TRGS 510): 3: Flammable liquids

Specific end use(s):

Apart from the uses mentioned above, no other specific uses are stipulated.

Keep in a cool place.
Keep away from sources of ignition – No smoking.
In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

Do not empty into drains.
Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible).

SYNONYMS

TRIETHYLAMINE
N,N-Diethylethanamine
121-44-8
(Diethylamino)ethane
Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-
Triethylamin
triethyl amine
Triaethylamin
Trietilamina
N,N,N-Triethylamine
NEt3
trietylamine
tri-ethyl amine
(C2H5)3N
MFCD00009051
N,N-diethyl-ethanamine
VOU728O6AY
CHEBI:35026
Diethylaminoethane
Triethylamine, >=99.5%
Triaethylamin [German]
Trietilamina [Italian]
CCRIS 4881
HSDB 896
Et3N
TEN [Base]
EINECS 204-469-4
UN1296
UNII-VOU728O6AY
triehtylamine
triehylamine
trieihylamine
triethlyamine
triethyamine
TRIETHYLAMINE 100ML
triethylamme
triethylarnine
Thethylamine
Triethlamine
triethyIamine
Triethylannine
tri-ethylamine
triehyl amine
triethyl amin
triethylam ine
triethylami-ne
triethylamine-
trietyl amine
tri ethyl amine
triethyl- amine
AI3-15425
Green Tea 95%
N, N-diethylethanamine
Green Tea PE 50%
Green Tea PE 90%
N,N,N-Triethylamine #
triethylamine, 99.5%
Triethylamine, >=99%
Triethylamine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid]
DSSTox_CID_4366
TRIETHYLAMINE [MI]
EC 204-469-4
N(Et)3
DSSTox_RID_77381
NCIOpen2_006503
TRIETHYLAMINE [FHFI]
TRIETHYLAMINE [HSDB]
TRIETHYLAMINE [INCI]
DSSTox_GSID_24366
BIDD:ER0331
Triethylamine (Reagent Grade)
Triethylamine, LR, >=99%
TRIETHYLAMINE [USP-RS]
(CH3CH2)3N
CHEMBL284057
N(CH2CH3)3
Green Tea Extract (50/30)
Green Tea Extract (90/40)
DTXSID3024366
FEMA NO. 4246
Triethylamine, HPLC, 99.6%
Triethylamine, p.a., 99.0%
Green Tea Extract 50% Material
Triethylamine, analytical standard
ADAL1185352
BCP07310
N(C2H5)3
Triethylamine, for synthesis, 99%
ZINC1242720
Tox21_200873
Triethylamine, 99.7%, extra pure
GREEN TEA Powder & Powder Extract
STL282722
AKOS000119998
Triethylamine, purum, >=99% (GC)
Triethylamine, ZerO2(TM), >=99%
ZINC112977393
UN 1296
NCGC00248857-01
NCGC00258427-01
CAS-121-44-8
Triethylamine, BioUltra, >=99.5% (GC)
Triethylamine, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
FT-0688146
T0424
Triethylamine 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
EN300-35419
Triethylamine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid]
Triethylamine, trace metals grade, 99.99%
Triethylamine, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%
Triethylamine, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (GC)
Q139199
J-004499
J-525077
F0001-0344
Triethylamine, for amino acid analysis, >=99.5% (GC)
Triethylamine, for protein sequence analysis, ampule, >=99.5% (GC)
Triethylamine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

DESCRIPTION:
Triethylamine is the chemical compound with the formula N(CH2CH3)3, commonly abbreviated Et3N.
Triethylamine is also abbreviated TEA, yet this abbreviation must be used carefully to avoid confusion with triethanolamine or tetraethylammonium, for which TEA is also a common abbreviation.
Triethylamine is a colourless volatile liquid with a strong fishy odor reminiscent of ammonia.

CAS Number: 121-44-8
EC Number: 204-469-4
Preferred IUPAC name: N,N-Diethylethanamine
Triethylamine (TEA, Et3N) is an aliphatic amine.

Its addition to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrices affords transparent liquid matrices with enhanced ability for spatial resolution during MALDI mass spectrometric (MS) imaging.
A head-space gas chromatography (GC) procedure for the determination of triethylamine in active pharmaceutical ingredients has been reported.
The viscosity coefficient of triethylamine vapor over a range of density and temperature has been measured

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIETHYLAMINE:
Chemical formula: C6H15N
Molar mass: 101.193 g•mol−1
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Odor: Fishy, ammoniacal
Density: 0.7255 g mL−1
Melting point: −114.70 °C; −174.46 °F; 158.45 K
Boiling point: 88.6 to 89.8 °C; 191.4 to 193.5 °F; 361.7 to 362.9 K
log P: 1.647
Vapor pressure: 6.899–8.506 kPa
Henry's law constant (kH): 66 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
Acidity (pKa): 10.75 (for the conjugate acid) (H2O), 9.00 (DMSO)[3]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -81.4•10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.401
Thermochemistry:
Heat capacity (C): 216.43 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −169 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −4.37763 to −4.37655 MJ mol−1
vapor density: 3.5 (vs air)
Quality Level: 100
vapor pressure: 51.75 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Assay: ≥99.5%
Form: liquid
autoignition temp.: 593 °F
expl. lim.: 8 %
Impurities: ≤0.1% (Karl Fischer)
refractive index: n20/D 1.401 (lit.)
pH: 12.7 (15 °C, 100 g/L)
Boiling point: 90 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.72 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.2 - 9.3 %(V)
Flash point: -11 °C
Ignition temperature: 215 °C
Melting Point: -115 - -114.7 °C
pH value: 12.7 (100 g/l, H₂O, 15 °C) (IUCLID)
Vapor pressure: 72 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 133 g/l
Molecular Weight: 101.19
XLogP3: 1.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 101.120449483
Monoisotopic Mass: 101.120449483
Topological Polar Surface Area: 3.2 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 25.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Triethylamine appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor.
Triethylamine has Flash point of 20 °F.
Vapors of Triethylamine irritate the eyes and mucous membranes.

Triethylamine is Less dense (6.1 lb / gal) than water.
Vapors of Triethylamine is heavier than air.
Triethylamine Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned.

Triethylamine is a tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an ethyl group.
Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to triethylamine vapor causes eye irritation, corneal swelling, and halo vision.
People have complained of seeing "blue haze" or having "smoky vision."

These effects have been reversible upon cessation of exposure.
Acute exposure can irritate the skin and mucous membranes in humans.
Chronic (long-term) exposure of workers to triethylamine vapor has been observed to cause reversible corneal edema.

Chronic inhalation exposure has resulted in respiratory and hematological effects and eye lesions in rats and rabbits.
No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of triethylamine in humans.
EPA has not classified triethylamine with respect to potential carcinogenicity.

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF TRIETHYLAMINE:
Triethylamine is prepared by the alkylation of ammonia with ethanol:
NH3 + 3 C2H5OH → N(C2H5)3 + 3 H2O
The pKa of protonated triethylamine is 10.75, and it can be used to prepare buffer solutions at that pH.
The hydrochloride salt, triethylamine hydrochloride (triethylammonium chloride), is a colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic powder, which decomposes when heated to 261 °C.

Triethylamine is soluble in water to the extent of 112.4 g/L at 20 °C.
Triethylamine is also miscible in common organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether.
Laboratory samples of triethylamine can be purified by distilling from calcium hydride.

In alkane solvents triethylamine is a Lewis base that forms adducts with a variety of Lewis acids, such as I2 and phenols.
Owing to its steric bulk, Triethylamine forms complexes with transition metals reluctantly.

APPLICATIONS OF TRIETHYLAMINE:
Triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis as a base.
For example, Triethylamine is commonly used as a base during the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides.
Such reactions lead to the production of hydrogen chloride which combines with triethylamine to form the salt triethylamine hydrochloride, commonly called triethylammonium chloride.

Hydrogen chloride may then evaporate from the reaction mixture, which drives the reaction. (R, R' = alkyl, aryl):
R2NH + R'C(O)Cl + Et3N → R'C(O)NR2 + Et3NH+Cl−

Like other tertiary amines, it catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins.
Triethylamine is also useful in dehydrohalogenation reactions and Swern oxidations.
Triethylamine is readily alkylated to give the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt:
RI + Et3N → Et3NR+I−

Triethylamine is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium salts of dyes.
Triethylamine is also a catalyst and acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals.

Triethylamine salts, like any other tertiary ammonium salts, are used as an ion-interaction reagent in ion interaction chromatography, due to their amphiphilic properties.
Unlike quaternary ammonium salts, tertiary ammonium salts are much more volatile, therefore mass spectrometry can be used while performing analysis.

Niche uses:
Triethylamine is used to give salts of various carboxylic acid-containing pesticides, e.g. Triclopyr and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

Triethylamine is the active ingredient in FlyNap, a product for anesthetizing Drosophila melanogaster.
Triethylamine is used in mosquito and vector control labs to anesthetize mosquitoes.
This is done to preserve any viral material that might be present during species identification.

The bicarbonate salt of triethylamine (often abbreviated TEAB, triethylammonium bicarbonate) is useful in reverse phase chromatography, often in a gradient to purify nucleotides and other biomolecules.

Triethylamine was found during the early 1940s to be hypergolic in combination with nitric acid, and was considered a possible propellant for early hypergolic rocket engines.
The Soviet "Scud" Missile used TG-02 ("Tonka-250"), a mixture of 50% xylidine and 50% triethlyamine as a starting fluid to ignite its rocket engine.

Natural occurrence:
Hawthorn flowers have a heavy, complicated scent, the distinctive part of which is triethylamine, which is also one of the first chemicals produced by a dead human body when it begins to decay.
Due to the scent , it is considered unlucky to bring hawthorn into a house.
Gangrene and semen are also said to possess a similar odour.

Triethylamine has been used during the synthesis of:
• 5′-dimethoxytrityl-5-(fur-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine
• 3′-(2-cyanoethyl)diisopropylphosphoramidite-5′-dimethoxytrityl-5-(fur-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine
• polyethylenimine600-β-cyclodextrin (PEI600-β-CyD)
Triethylamine may be used as a homogeneous catalyst for the preparation of glycerol dicarbonate, via transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC).

Triethylamine is a base used to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides as well as in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Triethylamine acts as a catalyst in the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins, dehydrohalogeantion reactions, acid neutralizers for condensation reactions and Swern oxidations.

Triethylamine finds application in reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile-phase modifier.
Triethylamine is also used as an accelerator activator for rubber, as a propellant, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.
Furthermore, Triethylamine is used in the automotive casting industry and the textile industry.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIETHYLAMINE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

SYNONYMS OF TRİETHYLAMİNE:
MeSH Entry Terms:
triethylamine
triethylamine acetate
triethylamine dinitrate
triethylamine hydrobromide
triethylamine hydrochloride
triethylamine maleate (1:1)
triethylamine phosphate
triethylamine phosphate (1:1)
triethylamine phosphonate (1:1)
triethylamine sulfate
triethylamine sulfate (2:1)
triethylamine sulfite (1:1)
triethylamine sulfite (2:1)
triethylammonium formate

Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
TRIETHYLAMINE
N,N-Diethylethanamine
121-44-8
(Diethylamino)ethane
Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-
Triethylamin
triethyl amine
Triaethylamin
Trietilamina
N,N,N-Triethylamine
NEt3
trietylamine
tri-ethyl amine
(C2H5)3N
MFCD00009051
N,N-diethyl-ethanamine
VOU728O6AY
CHEBI:35026
Diethylaminoethane
Triethylamine, >=99.5%
Triaethylamin [German]
Trietilamina [Italian]
CCRIS 4881
HSDB 896
Et3N
TEN [Base]
EINECS 204-469-4
UN1296
UNII-VOU728O6AY
triehtylamine
triehylamine
trieihylamine
triethlyamine
triethyamine
TRIETHYLAMINE 100ML
triethylamme
triethylarnine
Thethylamine
Triethlamine
triethyIamine
Triethylannine
tri-ethylamine
triehyl amine
triethyl amin
triethylam ine
triethylami-ne
triethylamine-
trietyl amine
tri ethyl amine
triethyl- amine
AI3-15425
Green Tea 95%
N, N-diethylethanamine
Green Tea PE 50%
Green Tea PE 90%
N,N,N-Triethylamine #
triethylamine, 99.5%
Triethylamine, >=99%
Triethylamine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid]
DSSTox_CID_4366
TRIETHYLAMINE [MI]
EC 204-469-4
N(Et)3
DSSTox_RID_77381
NCIOpen2_006503
TRIETHYLAMINE [FHFI]
TRIETHYLAMINE [HSDB]
TRIETHYLAMINE [INCI]
DSSTox_GSID_24366
BIDD:ER0331
Triethylamine (Reagent Grade)
Triethylamine, LR, >=99%
TRIETHYLAMINE [USP-RS]
(CH3CH2)3N
CHEMBL284057
N(CH2CH3)3
DTXSID3024366
FEMA NO. 4246
Triethylamine, HPLC, 99.6%
Triethylamine, p.a., 99.0%
Triethylamine, analytical standard
ADAL1185352
BCP07310
N(C2H5)3
Triethylamine, for synthesis, 99%
ZINC1242720
Tox21_200873
Triethylamine, 99.7%, extra pure
STL282722
AKOS000119998
Triethylamine, purum, >=99% (GC)
Triethylamine, ZerO2(TM), >=99%
ZINC112977393
UN 1296
NCGC00248857-01
NCGC00258427-01
CAS-121-44-8
Triethylamine, BioUltra, >=99.5% (GC)
Triethylamine, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
FT-0688146
T0424
Triethylamine 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
EN300-35419
Triethylamine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid]
Triethylamine, trace metals grade, 99.99%
Triethylamine, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%
Triethylamine, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (GC)
Q139199
J-004499
J-525077
F0001-0344
Triethylamine, for amino acid analysis, >=99.5% (GC)
Triethylamine, for protein sequence analysis, ampule, >=99.5% (GC)
Triethylamine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

DESCRIPTION:

Triethylamine is the chemical compound with the formula N(CH2CH3)3, commonly abbreviated Et3N.
Triethylamine is also abbreviated TEA, yet this abbreviation must be used carefully to avoid confusion with triethanolamine or tetraethylammonium, for which TEA is also a common abbreviation.
Triethylamine is a colourless volatile liquid with a strong fishy odor reminiscent of ammonia.
Like diisopropylethylamine (Hünig's base), triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis, usually as a base.

CAS Number, 121-44-8
EC Number, 204-469-4
Molecular Formula: C6H15N

SYNONYMS OF TRIETHYLAMINE:
N,N-Diethylethanamine,,triethylamine,triethylamine acetate,triethylamine dinitrate,triethylamine hydrobromide,triethylamine hydrochloride,triethylamine maleate (1:1),triethylamine phosphate,triethylamine phosphate (1:1),triethylamine phosphonate (1:1),triethylamine sulfate,triethylamine sulfate (2:1),triethylamine sulfite (1:1),triethylamine sulfite (2:1),triethylammonium formate,TRIETHYLAMINE,N,N-Diethylethanamine,121-44-8,(Diethylamino)ethane,Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-,triethyl amine,Triaethylamin,Triethylamin,Trietilamina,N,N,N-Triethylamine,NEt3,trietylamine,tri-ethyl amine,(C2H5)3N,MFCD00009051,N,N-diethyl-ethanamine,VOU728O6AY,DTXSID3024366,CHEBI:35026,Diethylaminoethane,Triethylamine, >=99.5%,Triaethylamin [German],Trietilamina [Italian],CCRIS 4881,HSDB 896,Et3N,TEN [Base],EINECS 204-469-4,UN1296,UNII-VOU728O6AY,triehtylamine,triehylamine,trieihylamine,triethlyamine,triethyamine,triethylamme,triethylarnine,tri-ethylamine,triehyl amine,triethyl amin,triethylam ine,triethylami-ne,triethylamine-,trietyl amine,tri ethyl amine,triethyl- amine,AI3-15425,N, N-diethylethanamine,N,N,N-Triethylamine #,triethylamine, 99.5%,Triethylamine, >=99%,Triethylamine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid],TRIETHYLAMINE [MI],EC 204-469-4,N(Et)3,NCIOpen2_006503,TRIETHYLAMINE [FHFI],TRIETHYLAMINE [HSDB],TRIETHYLAMINE [INCI],BIDD:ER0331,Triethylamine, LR, >=99%,TRIETHYLAMINE [USP-RS],(CH3CH2)3N,CHEMBL284057,DTXCID204366,N(CH2CH3)3,FEMA NO. 4246,Triethylamine, HPLC, 99.6%,Triethylamine, p.a., 99.0%,Triethylamine, analytical standard,BCP07310,N(C2H5)3,Triethylamine, for synthesis, 99%,Tox21_200873,Triethylamine, 99.7%, extra pure,AKOS000119998,Triethylamine, purum, >=99% (GC),Triethylamine, ZerO2(TM), >=99%,UN 1296,NCGC00248857-01,NCGC00258427-01,CAS-121-44-8,Triethylamine, BioUltra, >=99.5% (GC),Triethylamine, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%,FT-0688146,NS00002646,T0424,Triethylamine 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile,EN300-35419,Triethylamine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid],Triethylamine, trace metals grade, 99.99%,Triethylamine, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%,Triethylamine, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (GC),Q139199,J-004499,J-525077,F0001-0344,Triethylamine, for amino acid analysis, >=99.5% (GC),InChI=1/C6H15N/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H,Triethylamine, for protein sequence analysis, ampule, >=99.5% (GC),Triethylamine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard,(C2H5)3N [Formula],10575-25-4 [RN],119618-21-2 [RN],119618-22-3 [RN],121-44-8 [RN],14943-53-4 [RN],173324-94-2 [RN],204-469-4 [EINECS],221,130-6 [EINECS],234-163-6 [EINECS],3010-02-4 [RN],3563-01-7 [RN],605283 [Beilstein],Diethylaminoethyl,Et3N [Formula],Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl- [ACD/Index Name],MFCD00009051 [MDL number],N,N,N-triethylamine,N,N-Diethylethanamin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name],N,N-Diethylethanamine [ACD/IUPAC Name],N,N-Diéthyléthanamine [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name],NEt3 [Formula],TEA,triethyl amine,Triethylamine [Wiki]Trietilamina [Italian],(diethylamino)ethane,109-16-0 [RN],203-652-6 [EINECS],66688-79-7 [RN],73602-61-6 [RN],diethylaminoethane,https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compoundreportcard/CHEMBL284057/,MFCD00008591 [MDL number],N,N-Diethyl-Ethanamine,Triaethylamin [German],Triaethylamin,Triethylamin,Triethyl-amine,triethylammonium,三乙胺 [Chinese]

Triethylamine (TEA, Et3N) is an aliphatic amine.
Its addition to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrices affords transparent liquid matrices with enhanced ability for spatial resolution during MALDI mass spectrometric (MS) imaging.
A head-space gas chromatography (GC) procedure for the determination of triethylamine in active pharmaceutical ingredients has been reported.
The viscosity coefficient of triethylamine vapor over a range of density and temperature has been measured.

Triethylamine appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor.
Flash point of Triethylamine is 20 °F.
Vapors of Triethylamine irritate the eyes and mucous membranes.

Triethylamine is Less dense (6.1 lb / gal) than water.
Vapors of Triethylamine is heavier than air.
Triethylamine Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned.

Triethylamine is a tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an ethyl group.

Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to triethylamine vapor causes eye irritation, corneal swelling, and halo vision.
People have complained of seeing "blue haze" or having "smoky vision."
These effects have been reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Acute exposure can irritate the skin and mucous membranes in humans.
Chronic (long-term) exposure of workers to triethylamine vapor has been observed to cause reversible corneal edema.
Chronic inhalation exposure has resulted in respiratory and hematological effects and eye lesions in rats and rabbits.

No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of triethylamine in humans. EPA has not classified triethylamine with respect to potential carcinogenicity.

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF TRIETHYLAMINE:
Triethylamine is prepared by the alkylation of ammonia with ethanol:
NH3 + 3 C2H5OH → N(C2H5)3 + 3 H2O
The pKa of protonated triethylamine is 10.75,[4] and it can be used to prepare buffer solutions at that pH.

The hydrochloride salt, triethylamine hydrochloride (triethylammonium chloride), is a colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic powder, which decomposes when heated to 261 °C.
Triethylamine is soluble in water to the extent of 112.4 g/L at 20 °C.

Triethylamine is also miscible in common organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether.
Laboratory samples of triethylamine can be purified by distilling from calcium hydride.

In alkane solvents triethylamine is a Lewis base that forms adducts with a variety of Lewis acids, such as I2 and phenols.
Owing to its steric bulk, it forms complexes with transition metals reluctantly.

APPLICATIONS OF TRIETHYLAMINE:
Triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis as a base.
For example, it is commonly used as a base during the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides.

Such reactions lead to the production of hydrogen chloride which combines with triethylamine to form the salt triethylamine hydrochloride, commonly called triethylammonium chloride. (R, R' = alkyl, aryl):
R2NH + R'C(O)Cl + Et3N → R'C(O)NR2 + Et3NH+Cl−

Like other tertiary amines, it catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins.
It is also useful in dehydrohalogenation reactions and Swern oxidations.
Triethylamine is readily alkylated to give the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt:
RI + Et3N → Et3NR+I−

Triethylamine is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium salts of dyes.
It is also a catalyst and acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals.

Triethylamine salts, like any other tertiary ammonium salts, are used as an ion-interaction reagent in ion interaction chromatography, due to their amphiphilic properties.
Unlike quaternary ammonium salts, tertiary ammonium salts are much more volatile, therefore mass spectrometry can be used while performing analysis.

Triethylamine has been used during the synthesis of:

5′-dimethoxytrityl-5-(fur-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine[4]
3′-(2-cyanoethyl)diisopropylphosphoramidite-5′-dimethoxytrityl-5-(fur-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine[4]
polyethylenimine600-β-cyclodextrin (PEI600-β-CyD)[5]
Triethylamine may be used as a homogeneous catalyst for the preparation of glycerol dicarbonate, via transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC)

Niche uses:
Triethylamine is commonly used in the production of anionic PUDs.
A polyurethane prepolymer is prepared using an isocyanate and polyol with dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA).
This molecule contains two hydroxy groups and a carboxylic acid group.

This prepolymer is then dispersed in water with triethylamine or other neutralizing agent.
The TEA reacts with the carboxylic acid forming a salt which is water soluble.
Usually, a diamine chain extender is then added to produce a polyurethane dispersed in water with no free NCO groups but with polyurethane and polyurea segments.

Dytek A is commonly used as a chain extender.
Triethylamine is used to give salts of various carboxylic acid-containing pesticides, e.g. Triclopyr and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
Triethylamine is the active ingredient in FlyNap, a product for anesthetizing Drosophila melanogaster.

Triethylamine is used in mosquito and vector control labs to anesthetize mosquitoes.
This is done to preserve any viral material that might be present during species identification.
The bicarbonate salt of triethylamine (often abbreviated TEAB, triethylammonium bicarbonate) is useful in reverse phase chromatography, often in a gradient to purify nucleotides and other biomolecules.

Triethylamine was found during the early 1940s to be hypergolic in combination with nitric acid, and was considered a possible propellant for early hypergolic rocket engines.
The Soviet "Scud" Missile used TG-02 ("Tonka-250"), a mixture of 50% xylidine and 50% triethylamine as a starting fluid to ignite its rocket engine.

NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF TRIETHYLAMINE:
Hawthorn flowers have a heavy, complicated scent, the distinctive part of which is triethylamine, which is also one of the first chemicals produced by a dead human body when it begins to decay.
Due to the scent, it is considered unlucky in British culture to bring hawthorn into a house.
Gangrene and semen are also said to possess a similar odour

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIETHYLAMINE:
Chemical formula, C6H15N
Molar mass, 101.193 g•mol−1
Appearance, Colourless liquid
Odor, Fishy, ammoniacal
Density, 0.7255 g mL−1
Melting point, −114.70 °C; −174.46 °F; 158.45 K
Boiling point, 88.6 to 89.8 °C; 191.4 to 193.5 °F; 361.7 to 362.9 K
Solubility in water, 112.4 g/L at 20 °C[3]
Solubility, miscible with organic solvents
log P, 1.647
Vapor pressure, 6.899–8.506 kPa
Henry's law
constant (kH), 66 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
Acidity (pKa), 10.75 (for the conjugate acid) (H2O), 9.00 (DMSO)[4]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ), -81.4•10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD), 1.401
Thermochemistry,
Heat capacity (C), 216.43 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298), −169 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298), −4.37763 to −4.37655 MJ mol−1
vapor density
3.5 (vs air)
Quality Level
100
vapor pressure
51.75 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Assay
≥99.5%
form
liquid
autoignition temp.
593 °F
expl. lim.
8 %
impurities
≤0.1% (Karl Fischer)
refractive index
n20/D 1.401 (lit.)
pH
12.7 (15 °C, 100 g/L)
bp
88.8 °C (lit.)
mp
−115 °C (lit.)
solubility
water: soluble 112 g/L at 20 °C
density
0.726 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
storage temp.
room temp
SMILES string
CCN(CC)CC
InChI
1S/C6H15N/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H3
InChI key
ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight
101.19 g/mol
XLogP3
1.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
1
Rotatable Bond Count
3
Exact Mass
101.120449483 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
101.120449483 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
3.2Å²
Heavy Atom Count
7
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
25.7
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Boiling point, 90 °C (1013 hPa)
Density, 0.72 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Explosion limit, 1.2 - 9.3 %(V)
Flash point, -11 °C
Ignition temperature, 215 °C
Melting Point, -115 - -114.7 °C
pH value, 12.7 (100 g/l, H₂O, 15 °C) (IUCLID)
Vapor pressure, 72 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility, 133 g/l
Color according to color reference solution Ph.Eur., colorless liquid
Assay (GC, area%), ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C), 0.726 - 0.728
Water (K. F.), ≤ 0.20 %
Identity (IR), passes test
Empirical Formula, C6H15N
Structural Formula, (C2H5)3N
Molecular Wt., 101.19
Sp. Gr. at 20ºC, 0.726-0.730
Refractive Index at 20ºC, 1.399-1.401
Boiling Point, 89°C
Freezing Point, below -80°C
Solubility in water, Soluble upto 18°C. Sparingly soluble above 18°C
Flash Point (closed cup), below -7°C
Purity (by GC) wt. %, 99.70% min.
Water Content wt. %, 0.07% max.
Impurities wt. %, 0.20% max.
Refractive Index, , , 1.3995 - 1.4020 @ 20°C, ,
Water, , , ≤ 0.2%,
Appearance, , , Clear, colourless to very pale yellow liquid,
Assay GC, , , ≥ 99.5%,
Ethanol (LCR2157), , , ≤ 0.003%,
Diethylamine (LCR2157), , , ≤ 0.003%,
Ethylamine (LCR2157), , , ≤ 0.003%,
assay (calc. to the dried substance), 99.5 - 100.5 %
loss on drying (130°C), Max. 0.2 %
pH (5 %, 25 °C), 4.2 - 4.5
water insoluble matter, Max. 0.005 %
arsenic (As), Max. 0.5 ppm
iron (Fe), Max. 5 ppm
sodium (Na), Max. 0.005 %
heavy metals (as Pb), Max. 5 ppm
chloride (Cl), Max. 5 ppm
sulfate (SO4), Max. 30 ppm
total N, Max. 0.001 %
KMnO4 red. matter (as O), complying
appearance of the solution, complying
Boiling Point/Range, 90 °C
Certification, For LC-MS
Color, Colorless to Yellowish
Density, 0.73 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flashpoint, -11 °C
Form, Liquid
Grade, LC-MS Grade
Incompatible Materials, Acids, Oxidizing agents, Nitrates, Nitrous acid and other nitrosating agents, Halogenated compounds
Lower Explosion Limit, 1.2 %(V)
Melting Point/Range, -115 °C
Partition Coefficient, 1.45 (25 °C)
Solubility, Soluble in most organic solvents
Solubility in Water, Completely soluble (20 °C)
Upper Explosion Limit, 8 %(V)
Vapor Pressure, 72 hPa (20 °C)
Viscosity, 0.363 mPa.s (25 °C)
pH-Value, 12.7 at 100 g/l (15 °C)
Storage Temperature, Ambient
Melting point, -115 °C
Boiling point, 90 °C
Density, 0.728
vapor density, 3.5 (vs air)
vapor pressure, 51.75 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index, n20/D 1.401(lit.)
FEMA, 4246 | TRIETHYLAMINE
Flash point, 20 °F
storage temp., Store below +30°C.
solubility, water: soluble112g/L at 20°C
pka, 10.75(at 25℃)
form, Liquid
Specific Gravity, 0.725 (20/4℃)
color, Clear
PH, 12.7 (100g/l, H2O, 15℃)(IUCLID)
Relative polarity, 1.8
Odor, Strong ammonia-like odor
Odor Type, fishy
Evaporation Rate, 5.6
explosive limit, 1.2-9.3%(V)
Odor Threshold, 0.0054ppm
Water Solubility, 133 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck, 14,9666
JECFA Number, 1611
BRN, 1843166
Henry's Law Constant, 1.79 at 25 °C (Christie and Crisp, 1967)
Exposure limits, NIOSH REL: IDLH 200 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 25 ppm (100 mg/m3); ACGIH TLV: TWA 1 ppm, STEL 3 ppm (adopted).
Dielectric constant, 5.0（Ambient）
Stability, Stable. Extremely flammable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air. Note low flash point. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, ketones, aldehydes, halogenated hydrocarbons.
InChIKey, ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP, 1.65
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS), TRIETHYLAMINE
FDA 21 CFR, 177.1580
CAS DataBase Reference, 121-44-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores, 5-6
FDA UNII, VOU728O6AY
NIST Chemistry Reference, Triethylamine(121-44-8)
EPA Substance Registry System, Triethylamine (121-44-8)

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIETHYLAMINE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

Triethylamine, often abbreviated as TEA, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula (C2H5)3N.
Triethylamine (TEA) is a member of the amine class of compounds and is characterized by the presence of three ethyl groups (C2H5) attached to a central nitrogen atom (N).
Triethylamine (TEA) is a volatile organic compound.
Triethylamine (TEA) possesses a strong, pungent, ammonia-like odor.

CAS Number: 121-44-8
EC Number: 204-469-4

APPLICATIONS

Triethylamine (TEA) is often employed as a catalyst in chemical reactions, facilitating the synthesis of various organic compounds.
Triethylamine (TEA) plays a crucial role in the production of pharmaceuticals, contributing to the synthesis of drugs and medicines.

Triethylamine (TEA) is frequently used as a pH adjuster in specific industrial processes, helping to control acidity or alkalinity.
Triethylamine (TEA) finds application as a reagent in the production of dyes and pigments, contributing to the coloration of textiles, plastics, and other materials.
In the rubber industry, Triethylamine (TEA) serves as a vulcanization accelerator and a chemical blowing agent, aiding in the manufacture of foamed rubber products.
Triethylamine (TEA) is employed in the preparation of rubber chemicals and additives used to enhance rubber properties.
Triethylamine (TEA) is used as a stabilizer and corrosion inhibitor in metalworking fluids and lubricants.
In the agrochemical industry, Triethylamine (TEA) is a key component in the synthesis of pesticides and herbicides.

Triethylamine (TEA) acts as a scavenger for acidic impurities in various chemical processes, ensuring the purity of final products.
Triethylamine (TEA) is instrumental in the formulation of surfactants and detergents, essential in the production of cleaning products.
Triethylamine (TEA) is employed in the synthesis of plastics and polymers.
Triethylamine (TEA) plays a role in the preparation of flavoring compounds used in the food industry.

In the electronics sector, Triethylamine (TEA) is used in semiconductor manufacturing and as a chemical intermediate in electronic component production.
Triethylamine (TEA) is integral in the formulation of drilling fluids for use in the oil and gas industry.
Triethylamine (TEA) contributes to the synthesis of adhesive materials, including those used in laminates production.
In laboratories, Triethylamine (TEA) serves as a reagent in various chemical experiments and reactions.

Triethylamine (TEA) is used in the production of explosives and propellants.
Triethylamine (TEA) is applied in the formulation of specialty chemicals for the cosmetics and personal care industry.
Triethylamine (TEA) acts as a curing agent in epoxy resin systems, used in coatings and adhesives.

Triethylamine (TEA) finds application as a scavenger for acid gases, such as carbon dioxide, in gas purification processes.
Triethylamine (TEA) is employed in the formulation of ink and dye solutions for printing and coloring applications.
Triethylamine (TEA) is used in the production of adjuvants and carrier materials in vaccine formulations.

Triethylamine (TEA) can be utilized to neutralize acids in wastewater treatment processes.
Triethylamine (TEA) is employed in the synthesis of fine chemicals and intermediates for various industries.
Triethylamine (TEA) is a versatile chemical with a wide range of applications in research, development, and manufacturing processes across multiple sectors.

Triethylamine (TEA) is used in the manufacture of adhesives and sealants, contributing to their bonding properties.
In the production of plastics, TEA serves as a chain-extender and a curing agent for polyurethane materials.
Triethylamine (TEA) is employed as a scavenger for acidic impurities in the purification of gases, such as during the production of high-purity gases for electronics.
Triethylamine (TEA) plays a role in the synthesis of specialty chemicals used in the fragrance and perfume industry.

Triethylamine (TEA) is used as a catalyst and reactant in the preparation of surfactants, which are crucial components in detergents and cleaning agents.
In the field of textile manufacturing, Triethylamine (TEA) is utilized as a dye leveling agent, ensuring even and consistent coloration of fabrics.
Triethylamine (TEA) is involved in the production of corrosion inhibitors for metal protection in various applications.

Triethylamine (TEA) finds use in the synthesis of fine chemicals, including intermediates for pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Triethylamine (TEA) is an important ingredient in the formulation of inkjet inks for high-resolution printing.
Triethylamine (TEA) is used as a component in heat-transfer fluids for cooling and temperature control in industrial processes.
Triethylamine (TEA) serves as a catalyst in the preparation of polyurethane foams, used in insulation and cushioning applications.

In the automotive industry, Triethylamine (TEA) is employed in the formulation of engine coolant additives to prevent corrosion and scale formation.
Triethylamine (TEA) can be found in the production of adhesives for bonding materials like rubber, leather, and wood.

Triethylamine (TEA) is used in the formulation of asphalt additives to enhance the performance and durability of road surfaces.
Triethylamine (TEA) is utilized in the synthesis of antioxidants used in the stabilization of plastics and polymers.
In the field of chromatography, TEA can be used as a mobile phase modifier for separating and analyzing compounds.
Triethylamine (TEA) plays a role in the formulation of specialty lubricants and greases for various industrial applications.

Triethylamine (TEA) is employed in the preparation of coating materials used in paints, varnishes, and protective coatings.
Triethylamine (TEA) is a valuable reagent in the synthesis of insect repellents and insecticides.
Triethylamine (TEA) can be utilized as a blowing agent in the production of polymeric foam materials.

In the creation of colorimetric indicators for chemical analysis, TEA is used as a component.
Triethylamine (TEA) serves as a precursor in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts, which have applications in ion-exchange resins and as phase-transfer catalysts.
Triethylamine (TEA) is used in the development of analytical methods for the detection of various compounds in laboratory settings.
Triethylamine (TEA) is involved in the formulation of specialty coatings for the aerospace industry.
Triethylamine (TEA) can be used in the synthesis of intermediates for the production of herbicides and plant growth regulators.

Triethylamine (TEA) is used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, contributing to the development of medications for various medical conditions.
In the plastics industry, Triethylamine (TEA) plays a role in the formulation of plasticizers, which improve the flexibility and durability of plastic materials.

Triethylamine (TEA) is employed in the production of specialty coatings for corrosion protection in marine and industrial environments.
Triethylamine (TEA) is utilized in the synthesis of adjuvants and carrier materials in vaccine formulations, enhancing their effectiveness.
Triethylamine (TEA) can be found in the formulation of fuel additives to improve combustion efficiency and reduce emissions.
Triethylamine (TEA) is used as a reagent in the production of catalysts for chemical reactions, including those used in petrochemical processes.

In the manufacturing of rubber products, TEA is utilized as a vulcanization accelerator to enhance their strength and elasticity.
Triethylamine (TEA) can be employed in the formulation of construction materials, such as concrete admixtures and sealants.
Triethylamine (TEA) is used in the preparation of specialty chemicals for the cosmetics and personal care industry, including skincare and haircare products.
Triethylamine (TEA) serves as a catalyst in the synthesis of epoxy resins, widely used in coatings, adhesives, and composites.

In the field of electroplating, Triethylamine (TEA) is utilized as a complexing agent to improve the quality of plated surfaces.
Triethylamine (TEA) is involved in the production of insect repellent formulations, helping to protect against insect bites.
Triethylamine (TEA) plays a role in the formulation of corrosion inhibitors for cooling water systems, helping prevent equipment damage.

Triethylamine (TEA) is used as a stabilizer in the manufacturing of photographic chemicals and solutions.
Triethylamine (TEA) is employed in the synthesis of specialty surfactants used in the oil and gas industry for enhanced oil recovery.
Triethylamine (TEA) is used in the preparation of fire-resistant materials, such as flame retardants for textiles and plastics.

Triethylamine (TEA) finds application in the synthesis of specialty polymers with unique properties for various applications.
Triethylamine (TEA) is used in the production of reagents for analytical chemistry, aiding in laboratory testing and research.

Triethylamine (TEA) serves as a reactant in the preparation of complex compounds used in organometallic chemistry.
Triethylamine (TEA) can be employed in the manufacturing of cleaning agents and disinfectants for household and industrial use.
In the food industry, Triethylamine (TEA) is utilized as a processing aid and pH regulator in certain food products.
Triethylamine (TEA) plays a role in the synthesis of additives for drilling fluids used in oil and gas exploration.

Triethylamine (TEA) is used in the formulation of ink and dye solutions for printing and coloring applications, including textiles and packaging.
Triethylamine (TEA) serves as a reagent in the production of adhesives for bonding a wide range of materials.
Triethylamine (TEA) can be found in the synthesis of organometallic compounds used in catalysis and material science research.

Triethylamine (TEA) is utilized in the manufacturing of photographic developers, aiding in the development of photosensitive materials.
In the field of analytical chemistry, Triethylamine (TEA) is used as a reagent for titrations and pH adjustments in laboratory experiments.

Triethylamine (TEA) serves as a catalyst in the production of polyurethane foam, which finds applications in insulation and cushioning.
Triethylamine (TEA) is involved in the formulation of specialty inks for screen printing, including those used in textile and electronics industries.
Triethylamine (TEA) plays a role in the synthesis of crosslinking agents for the production of epoxy and polyester resins.

Triethylamine (TEA) is utilized as a pH regulator in wastewater treatment processes, aiding in the neutralization of acidic effluents.
Triethylamine (TEA) finds application in the formulation of additives for drilling muds, enhancing the performance of drilling operations.
In the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, Triethylamine (TEA) is used as a precursor for the growth of thin films in semiconductor manufacturing.
Triethylamine (TEA) is involved in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds, which have applications as surfactants and disinfectants.

Triethylamine (TEA) serves as a reactant in the synthesis of phase-transfer catalysts used in various organic reactions.
Triethylamine (TEA) plays a role in the production of catalysts for the synthesis of specialty chemicals and polymers.

Triethylamine (TEA) is utilized in the formulation of specialty coatings for automotive and aerospace applications.
In the production of water-based paints and coatings, TEA is used as an emulsifying agent.
Triethylamine (TEA) is employed in the manufacture of adhesives and sealants for bonding diverse materials.
Triethylamine (TEA) plays a role in the formulation of heat-transfer fluids for use in industrial cooling systems.

Triethylamine (TEA) is used as a stabilizer and corrosion inhibitor in the formulation of metalworking fluids.
Triethylamine (TEA) is involved in the synthesis of plasticizers used to enhance the flexibility of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) materials.
In the agrochemical industry, TEA is used in the production of herbicides and plant growth regulators.

Triethylamine (TEA) serves as a reagent in the preparation of catalysts for olefin polymerization reactions.
Triethylamine (TEA) finds application as a blowing agent in the production of cellular rubber and plastic materials.
Triethylamine (TEA) is used as a curing agent in the formulation of epoxy adhesives and coatings.
Triethylamine (TEA) is employed in the synthesis of rubber accelerators, which enhance the vulcanization process in rubber manufacturing.

In the petrochemical industry, TEA is used in the purification of gases and the removal of acidic impurities.
Triethylamine (TEA) is involved in the formulation of chemical intermediates for the production of agrochemicals and specialty chemicals.
Triethylamine (TEA) serves as a versatile reagent in organic synthesis, contributing to the creation of a wide range of chemical compounds.

DESCRIPTION

Triethylamine, often abbreviated as TEA, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula (C2H5)3N.
Triethylamine (TEA) is a member of the amine class of compounds and is characterized by the presence of three ethyl groups (C2H5) attached to a central nitrogen atom (N).
Triethylamine (TEA) is a volatile organic compound.
Triethylamine (TEA) possesses a strong, pungent, ammonia-like odor.

Triethylamine (TEA) is a tertiary amine with three ethyl groups bonded to a central nitrogen atom.
The molecular formula of Triethylamine (TEA) is (C2H5)3N.
Triethylamine (TEA) is a clear to pale yellow liquid at room temperature.

Triethylamine (TEA) can also exist as a gas when heated or pressurized.
Triethylamine (TEA) is highly flammable and should be handled with care.

Triethylamine (TEA) is a strong base due to its lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.
Triethylamine (TEA) readily reacts with acids to form salts.

Triethylamine (TEA) has a melting point of -114.7°C and a boiling point of 89.6°C.
Triethylamine (TEA) is sparingly soluble in water but dissolves well in many organic solvents.
Triethylamine (TEA) is commonly used as a catalyst in chemical reactions.
Triethylamine (TEA) can be employed as a pH adjuster in certain industrial processes.

Triethylamine (TEA) plays a vital role in organic synthesis, aiding in the formation of various compounds.
Triethylamine (TEA) is often employed in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

The strong odor of Triethylamine (TEA) makes it easily detectable even in trace amounts.
Triethylamine (TEA) can be found in laboratory settings, especially in organic chemistry labs.
The compound Triethylamine (TEA) is also utilized in the production of rubber chemicals.

Due to its basicity, Triethylamine (TEA) can neutralize acidic impurities in chemical reactions.
Triethylamine (TEA) is corrosive to some metals, such as aluminum and zinc.
Proper ventilation is essential when working with Triethylamine (TEA) to avoid inhalation of its fumes.

Safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment, should be taken when handling Triethylamine (TEA).
Triethylamine (TEA) is a valuable reagent in the synthesis of dyes and pigments.
Triethylamine (TEA) is classified as a hazardous chemical, and its transportation is regulated.
Triethylamine (TEA) is an important compound in the field of organic chemistry and has numerous industrial applications.

PROPERTIES

Chemical Formula: (C2H5)3N
Molecular Weight: 101.19 grams/mol
Physical State: Triethylamine (TEA) is a clear to pale yellow liquid at room temperature but can also exist as a gas when heated or pressurized.
Odor: TEA possesses a strong, pungent, ammonia-like odor that is easily detectable even in trace amounts.
Melting Point: -114.7°C (-174.5°F)
Boiling Point: 89.6°C (193.3°F)
Density: 0.726 grams/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Triethylamine is sparingly soluble in water but dissolves well in a variety of organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform.
Vapor Pressure: 92 mm Hg at 20°C
Flash Point: -17°C (-1.4°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 325°C (617°F)
Refractive Index: 1.402 (at 20°C)
pH: Highly basic (alkaline) due to its ability to readily accept protons (H+ ions).
Chemical Structure: Triethylamine consists of a central nitrogen (N) atom bonded to three ethyl (C2H5) groups.
Flammability: Triethylamine is highly flammable and should be handled with care, away from open flames and ignition sources.

FIRST AID

Inhalation (Breathing In TEA Fumes):

Remove to Fresh Air:
Move the affected person to an area with fresh air immediately.

Monitor:
If the person is unconscious or having difficulty breathing, seek emergency medical assistance.

Artificial Respiration:
If the person stops breathing and you are trained in CPR, initiate artificial respiration while awaiting medical help.

Keep Warm and Rested:
Keep the affected person warm and in a comfortable resting position.

Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
If Triethylamine (TEA) has come into contact with the skin, quickly and gently remove any contaminated clothing.

Rinse with Water:
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes to remove any remaining TEA.
Use lukewarm water, not hot, to avoid burns.

Seek Medical Attention:
If skin irritation or chemical burns occur, seek medical attention promptly.

Protective Measures:
While waiting for medical help, cover the affected area with a clean, dry cloth or sterile dressing to prevent contamination.

Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes:
Immediately rinse the eyes with gentle, flowing, lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring that the eyelids are held open and the water flushes away from the unaffected eye.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a healthcare professional.
Continue eye irrigation while en route to medical care.

Do Not Rub Eyes:
Avoid rubbing or applying pressure to the eyes, as this may worsen the irritation or injury.

Ingestion (Swallowing TEA):

Do NOT Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical professionals or poison control, as vomiting can worsen chemical exposure.

Rinse Mouth:
If TEA is swallowed, rinse the mouth with water but do not swallow the water.

Seek Medical Help:
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for guidance.

Provide Information:
Be prepared to provide information about the exposure, such as the amount ingested, if known.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Protective Equipment:
When working with Triethylamine (TEA), always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, lab coat or chemical-resistant clothing, and closed-toe shoes.

Ventilation:
Use Triethylamine (TEA) only in well-ventilated areas, preferably under a chemical fume hood, to minimize inhalation exposure.
Adequate ventilation helps dissipate TEA fumes and odors.

Avoid Skin Contact:
Avoid skin contact with Triethylamine (TEA).
In case of accidental contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with plenty of water.

Eye Protection:
Wear chemical-resistant safety goggles or a face shield to protect your eyes from potential splashes or vapor exposure.

Respiratory Protection:
In situations where TEA vapors are concentrated, or if working in confined spaces, consider wearing appropriate respiratory protection, such as a respirator with organic vapor cartridges.

Avoid Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling TEA, and always wash your hands thoroughly after handling it to prevent accidental ingestion.

Spill Response:
In the event of a spill, take immediate action to contain and neutralize the spill.
Use appropriate absorbent materials (e.g., vermiculite or spill pillows) to soak up spilled liquid, and dispose of it properly.

Safe Handling:
Handle TEA with care to prevent spills or splashes.
Use appropriate containers, lab equipment, and techniques during chemical reactions and transfers.

Labeling:
Ensure that containers of TEA are properly labeled with the chemical's name, hazard warnings, and safety information.
This helps identify the contents and associated risks.

Avoid Mixing:
Do not mix TEA with incompatible chemicals or reagents without proper training and guidance, as this can result in hazardous reactions.

Storage:

Storage Area:
Store TEA in a dedicated storage area or chemical storage cabinet that is well-ventilated and separate from incompatible chemicals, especially strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizers.

Temperature Control:
Store TEA at temperatures below its boiling point (89.6°C or 193.3°F) to minimize vapor pressure and reduce the risk of exposure.
Avoid extreme temperatures and direct sunlight.

Container Compatibility:
Use containers made of materials compatible with TEA, such as glass or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles.
Ensure that containers are tightly sealed to prevent leaks or evaporation.

Labeling and Identification:
Clearly label all storage containers with the chemical name, hazard information, and appropriate safety warnings.
Keep an inventory of stored TEA and its quantities.

Secondary Containment:
Consider using secondary containment measures, such as spill containment trays or bins, to contain potential leaks or spills and prevent environmental contamination.

Control Access:
Restrict access to the storage area to authorized personnel only.
Ensure that the area is clearly marked with warning signs and that safety data sheets (SDS) are readily accessible.

Fire Safety:
Store TEA away from open flames, heat sources, and ignition points to prevent the risk of fire or explosion.

Emergency Equipment:
Keep emergency eyewash stations, safety showers, and appropriate fire extinguishing equipment (e.g., Class B extinguisher) nearby in case of accidents or emergencies.

SYNONYMS

TEA
N,N-Diethylamine
N-Ethylethanamine
Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-
Diethylamine
N,N-Diethylmethanamine
N,N-Diethylethanamine
Ethylamine, N,N-diethyl-
Ethylamine, di-
DEA (an abbreviation derived from its chemical name, Diethylamine)
N,N-Diethylethanamine
Diethylamine
Diethylamine (DEA)
N-Ethyl-N-methylmethanamine
Methyltriethylamine
Tertiary Diethylamine
N,N-Diethylmethanamine
Ethylmethylamine
Triethanamine
N-Ethylethylamine
Diethylethylamine
Dimethylcarbinylamine
Methyltriethanamine
Ethyltrimethylamine
N,N-Diethylcarbinamine
Triethylamine Hydrochloride
DEA (Chemical Abbreviation)
N-ethyl-diethylamine
Triethylamine Anhydrous
TEA-HCl (Hydrochloride salt of TEA)
N-Ethylethylmethanamine
N,N-Diethylamine Methanamine
Triethylamine Solution
Tertiary Ethylamine
N,N-Diethylaminomethane
N,N-Diethylmethanamine
N-Ethylethylmethanamine
Ethyltrimethylmethanamine
N-Methyldiethylamine
Triethylamine Hydrobromide
N,N-Diethylmethylamine
Triethylamine Hydroiodide
N,N-Diethyl-1-ethanamine
Triethylamine Hydrofluoride
N-Ethyl-1,1-dimethylethanamine
Triethylamine Citrate
Triethylamine Oxide
Tertiary Ethylmethylamine
Diethylmethylamine
N-Ethylnethylamine
N-Methyl-N-ethylethanamine
Triethylamine Phosphate
Ethyl-N,N-diethylmethanamine
N,N-Diethylmethylmethanamine
N-Methyl-N,N-diethylethanamine
Triethylamine Salicylate
N,N-Diethylmethylmethanamine Hydrochloride
N-Ethyl-N,N-diethylmethanamine
Triethylamine Sulfate
Triethylamine Tartrate

DESCRIPTION:

Triethylamine anhydrous (TEA) belongs to the trialkylamine class.
Triethylamine anhydrous finds widespread use in chemical industry.

CAS No.: 121-44-8
Molecular Weight: 101.19
EC No.: 204-469-4

Coatings:

Triethylamine anhydrous (TEA) is used as a neutralization agent for anionic stabilized waterborne resins (polyesters, alkyds, acrylic resins and polyurethanes containing carboxyl or other acidic groups).
Triethylamine anhydrous is also utilized as a catalyst in the curing of epoxy and polyurethane systems.

Other:
In the synthesis, Triethylamine anhydrous is primarily used as a proton scavenger; however, Triethylamine anhydrous is also used in the production of Diethylhydroxylamine and other organic compounds.

Triethylamine anhydrous is a chemical compound which can be used as a catalyst for isocyanate reactions and as a neutralization agent for anionic stabilized waterborne resins.
Triethylamine anhydrous is used as a catalyst for the synthesis of polyurethanes and for two-component paints.

Triethylamine anhydrous is suitable as neutralization agent in waterborne paints based on polyesters, alkyds, acrylic resins and polyurethanes containing carboxyl or other acidic groups.
Due to excellent water solubility and lack of active hydrogen atoms, triethylamine is often used for the production of water-borne polyurethane dispersions.

USES OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
Triethylamine anhydrous is a tertiary amine that is widely used in synthetic reactions because Triethylamine anhydrous is a soluble base in a wide range of organic solvents, including acetone, toluene, and chloroform.
Industrially, Triethylamine anhydrous is used as an intermediate in pharmaceuticals and dyes, rubber chemicals, and agricultural chemicals, and is also used as a catalyst in the gas-curing reaction of phenol resin and isocyanate resin (cold box method).

In the food industry, Triethylamine anhydrous is also present in squid and fish, and is added to meat and frozen dairy products in the United States and Europe to enhance flavor.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
Appearance & Physical State: Clear colorless to very pale yellow liquid
Density: 0.726
Boiling Point: 89 - 90 ºC
Melting Point: -115ºC
Flash Point: -11ºC
Refractive Index: 1.4005
Water Solubility: 133 g/L (20°C)
Vapor Density: 3.5 (Air = 1.0)
Formula: (C₂H₅)₃N
MW: 101,19 g/mol
Boiling Pt: 90 °C (1013 hPa)
Melting Pt: –115 °C
Density: 0,729 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Flash Pt: –11 °C
Storage Temperature: Ambient
Assay (on anhydrous substance) Min. 99.8 %
Evaporation residue Max. 0.0001 %
Water Max. 0.02 %
Transmittance (230 nm) (0.1 %) Min. 10 %
Transmittance (240 nm) (0.1 %) Min. 50 %
Transmittance (245 nm) (0.1 %) Min. 80 %
Transmittance (250 nm) (0.1 %) Min. 95 %
Transmittance (255 nm) (0.1 %) Min. 99 %
Suitable for LC-MS (0.1 %) Passes test

Triethylamine Anhydrous is used as a neutralization agent for anionic stabilized waterborne resins (polyesters, alkyds, acrylic resins and polyurethanes containing carboxyl or other acidic groups).
Triethylamine Anhydrous is also utilized as a catalyst in the curing of epoxy and polyurethane systems.
Triethylamine Anhydrous belongs to the trialkylamine class.

CAS: 121-44-8
MF: C6H15N
MW: 101.19
EINECS: 204-469-4

Synonyms
(C2H5)3N;(Diethylamino)ethane;ai3-15425;Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-;ethanamine,n,n-diethyl-;N,N,N-Triethylamine;N,N-Diethylethanamin;AKOS BBS-00004381;TRIETHYLAMINE;N,N-Diethylethanamine;121-44-8;(Diethylamino)ethane;Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-;triethyl amine;Triaethylamin;Triethylamin;Trietilamina;N,N,N-Triethylamine;NEt3;trietylamine;tri-ethyl amine;(C2H5)3N;MFCD00009051;N,N-diethyl-ethanamine;VOU728O6AY;DTXSID3024366;CHEBI:35026;Diethylaminoethane;Triethylamine, >=99.5%;Triaethylamin [German];Trietilamina [Italian];CCRIS 4881;HSDB 896;Et3N;TEN [Base];EINECS 204-469-4;UN1296;UNII-VOU728O6AY;N, N-diethylethanamine;N,N,N-Triethylamine #;triethylamine, 99.5%;Triethylamine, >=99%;Triethylamine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid];TRIETHYLAMINE [MI];EC 204-469-4;N(Et)3;NCIOpen2_006503;TRIETHYLAMINE [FHFI];TRIETHYLAMINE [HSDB];TRIETHYLAMINE [INCI];BIDD:ER0331;Triethylamine, LR, >=99%;TRIETHYLAMINE [USP-RS];(CH3CH2)3N;CHEMBL284057;DTXCID204366;N(CH2CH3)3;FEMA NO. 4246;Triethylamine, HPLC, 99.6%;Triethylamine, p.a., 99.0%;Triethylamine, analytical standard;BCP07310;N(C2H5)3;Triethylamine, for synthesis, 99%;Tox21_200873;Triethylamine, 99.7%, extra pure;AKOS000119998;Triethylamine, purum, >=99% (GC);Triethylamine, ZerO2(TM), >=99%;UN 1296;NCGC00248857-01;NCGC00258427-01;CAS-121-44-8;Triethylamine, BioUltra, >=99.5% (GC);Triethylamine, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%;FT-0688146;T0424;Triethylamine 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile;EN300-35419;Triethylamine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid];Triethylamine, trace metals grade, 99.99%;Triethylamine, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%;Triethylamine, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (GC);Q139199;J-004499;J-525077;F0001-0344;Triethylamine, for amino acid analysis, >=99.5% (GC);InChI=1/C6H15N/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H;Triethylamine, for protein sequence analysis, ampule, >=99.5% (GC);Triethylamine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

Triethylamine Anhydrous is the chemical compound with the formula N(CH2CH3)3, commonly abbreviated Et3N.
Triethylamine Anhydrous is also abbreviated TEA, yet this abbreviation must be used carefully to avoid confusion with triethanolamine or tetraethylammonium, for which Triethylamine Anhydrous is also a common abbreviation.
Triethylamine Anhydrous is a colourless volatile liquid with a strong fishy odor reminiscent of ammonia.
Like diisopropylethylamine (Hünig's base), triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis, usually as a base.
Triethylamine Anhydrous is used, among others: to compose mixtures; distribution of mixtures; use as an excipient as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.

Triethylamine Anhydrous is also used in foundry; chemicals used in mining; production of feeds for the needs of spray coatings.
Triethylamine Anhydrous is a chemical compound which can be used as a catalyst for isocyanate reactions and as a neutralization agent for anionic stabilized waterborne resins.
Triethylamine Anhydrous is used as a catalyst for the synthesis of polyurethanes and for two-component paints.
Triethylamine Anhydrous is suitable as neutralization agent in waterborne paints based on polyesters, alkyds, acrylic resins and polyurethanes containing carboxyl or other acidic groups.
Due to excellent water solubility and lack of active hydrogen atoms, Triethylamine Anhydrous is often used for the production of water-borne polyurethane dispersions.

Triethylamine Anhydrous Chemical Properties
Melting point: -115 °C
Boiling point: 90 °C
Density: 0.728
Vapor density: 3.5 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 51.75 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.401(lit.)
FEMA: 4246 | TRIETHYLAMINE
Fp: 20 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility water: soluble112g/L at 20°C
pka: 10.75(at 25℃)
Form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.725 (20/4℃)
Color: Clear
PH: 12.7 (100g/l, H2O, 15℃)(IUCLID)
Relative polarity: 1.8
Odor: Strong ammonia-like odor
Odor Type: fishy
Odor Threshold: 0.0054ppm
Explosive limit: 1.2-9.3%(V)
Water Solubility: 133 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,9666
JECFA Number: 1611
BRN: 1843166
Henry's Law Constant: 1.79 at 25 °C (Christie and Crisp, 1967)
Exposure limits NIOSH REL: IDLH 200 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 25 ppm (100 mg/m3); ACGIH TLV: TWA 1 ppm, STEL 3 ppm (adopted).
Dielectric constant: 5.0（Ambient）
Stability: Stable. Extremely flammable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air.
Note low flash point. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, ketones, aldehydes, halogenated hydrocarbons.
InChIKey: ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.65
CAS DataBase Reference: 121-44-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Triethylamine Anhydrous(121-44-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: Triethylamine Anhydrous (121-44-8)

Synthesis and properties
Triethylamine is prepared by the alkylation of ammonia with ethanol:

NH3 + 3 C2H5OH → N(C2H5)3 + 3 H2O
The pKa of protonated triethylamine is 10.75, and Triethylamine Anhydrous can be used to prepare buffer solutions at that pH.
The hydrochloride salt, triethylamine hydrochloride (triethylammonium chloride), is a colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic powder, which decomposes when heated to 261 °C.
Triethylamine Anhydrous is soluble in water to the extent of 112.4 g/L at 20 °C.
Triethylamine Anhydrous is also miscible in common organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether.
Laboratory samples of Triethylamine Anhydrous can be purified by distilling from calcium hydride.
In alkane solvents triethylamine is a Lewis base that forms adducts with a variety of Lewis acids, such as I2 and phenols.
Owing to its steric bulk, Triethylamine Anhydrous forms complexes with transition metals reluctantly.

Applications
Triethylamine Anhydrous is commonly employed in organic synthesis as a base.
For example, Triethylamine Anhydrous is commonly used as a base during the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides.
Such reactions lead to the production of hydrogen chloride which combines with triethylamine to form the salt triethylamine hydrochloride, commonly called triethylammonium chloride.
Hydrogen chloride may then evaporate from the reaction mixture, which drives the reaction.
(R, R' = alkyl, aryl):

R2NH + R'C(O)Cl + Et3N → R'C(O)NR2 + Et3NH+Cl−
Like other tertiary amines, Triethylamine Anhydrous catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins.
Triethylamine Anhydrous is also useful in dehydrohalogenation reactions and Swern oxidations.
Triethylamine Anhydrous is readily alkylated to give the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt:

RI + Et3N → Et3NR+I−
Triethylamine Anhydrous is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium salts of dyes.
Triethylamine Anhydrous is also a catalyst and acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals.

Triethylamine Anhydrous salts, like any other tertiary ammonium salts, are used as an ion-interaction reagent in ion interaction chromatography, due to their amphiphilic properties.
Unlike quaternary ammonium salts, tertiary ammonium salts are much more volatile, therefore mass spectrometry can be used while performing analysis.

Niche uses
Triethylamine Anhydrous is commonly used in the production of anionic PUDs.
A polyurethane prepolymer is prepared using an isocyanate and polyol with dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA).
This molecule contains two hydroxy groups and a carboxylic acid group.
This prepolymer is then dispersed in water with triethylamine or other neutralizing agent.
The Triethylamine Anhydrous reacts with the carboxylic acid forming a salt which is water soluble.
Usually, a diamine chain extender is then added to produce a polyurethane dispersed in water with no free NCO groups but with polyurethane and polyurea segments.
Dytek A is commonly used as a chain extender.
Triethylamine Anhydrous is used to give salts of various carboxylic acid-containing pesticides, e.g. Triclopyr and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

Triethylamine Anhydrous is the active ingredient in FlyNap, a product for anesthetizing Drosophila melanogaster.
Triethylamine Anhydrous is used in mosquito and vector control labs to anesthetize mosquitoes.
Triethylamine Anhydrous is done to preserve any viral material that might be present during species identification.

The bicarbonate salt of Triethylamine Anhydrous (often abbreviated TEAB, triethylammonium bicarbonate) is useful in reverse phase chromatography, often in a gradient to purify nucleotides and other biomolecules.
Triethylamine Anhydrous was found during the early 1940s to be hypergolic in combination with nitric acid, and was considered a possible propellant for early hypergolic rocket engines.
The Soviet "Scud" Missile used TG-02 ("Tonka-250"), a mixture of 50% xylidine and 50% Triethylamine Anhydrous as a starting fluid to ignite its rocket engine.

Natural occurrence
Hawthorn flowers have a heavy, complicated scent, the distinctive part of which is triethylamine, which is also one of the first chemicals produced by a dead human body when Triethylamine Anhydrous begins to decay.
Due to the scent, Triethylamine Anhydrous is considered unlucky in British culture to bring hawthorn into a house.
Gangrene and semen are also said to possess a similar odour.

Triethylamine anhydrous is a colorless liquid.
Triethylamine anhydrous is miscible with nearly every common organic solvent.

CAS Number: 121-44-8
EC Number: 204-469-4
MDL Number: MFCD00009051
Chemical formula C6H15N

SYNONYMS:
N,N-Diethylethanamine, (Triethyl)amine, Triethylamine (no longer IUPAC name), (Diethylamino)ethane, Atb 0489, Le 11-5Rg, N,N,N-Triethylamine, N,N-Diethylethanamine, T 0886, TEA, Tri-Ethylamine, Triaethylamin, Triethylamine, TEA, Et3N, N,N-DIETHYLETHANAMINE, (C2H5)3N, TEN, Triethylamin, Trietilamina, TRIEHYLAMINE, N,N,N-Triethylamine, N,N-Diethylethanamin, Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2,2',2''-Trihydroxytriethylamine, TEA, TEA,

Triethylamine anhydrous is a colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor.
Triethylamine anhydrous is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.

Triethylamine anhydrous is a tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an ethyl group.
Triethylamine anhydrous is a high-strength odor, fishy type; recommend smelling in a 0.01% solution or less.
Triethylamine anhydrous appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor.

Triethylamine anhydrous is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H15NO3.
Triethylamine anhydrous is a clear, viscous liquid with a slight ammonia-like odor.
The "99%" in its name denotes the high purity level of Triethylamine anhydrous.

Triethylamine anhydrous is produced through the reaction between ethylene oxide and ammonia.
Triethylamine anhydrous's unique molecular structure makes it a valuable component in various industries.
Triethylamine anhydrous is a base used to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides as well as in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds.

Triethylamine anhydrous acts as a catalyst in the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins, dehydrohalogeantion reactions, acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and Swern oxidation.
Triethylamine anhydrous finds application in reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile-phase modifier.

Triethylamine anhydrous is also used as an accelerator activator for rubber, as a propellant, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.
Furthermore, Triethylamine anhydrous is used in automotive casting industry and textile industry.

Triethylamine anhydrous (formula: C6H15N), also known as N, N-diethylethanamine, is the most simple tri-substituted uniformly tertiary amine, having typical properties of tertiary amines, including salifying, oxidation, Hing Myers test (Hisberg reaction) for triethylamine does not respond.
Triethylamine anhydrous is colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid, with a strong smell of ammonia, slightly fuming in the air.

Boiling point of Triethylamine anhydrous is 89.5 ℃, relative density (water = 1): 0.70, the relative density (Air = 1): 3.48, slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether.
Triethylamine anhydrous is a clear, colorless liquid with an Ammonia or fish-like odor.

Triethylamine anhydrous is a chemical compound with the formula N(CH2CH3)3, commonly abbreviated Et3N.
Triethylamine anhydrous is also abbreviated TEA, yet this abbreviation must be used carefully to avoid confusion with triethanolamine or tetraethylammonium, for which TEA is also a common abbreviation.

Triethylamine anhydrous is a colourless volatile liquid with a strong fishy odor reminiscent of ammonia.
Triethylamine anhydrous was found during the early 1940s to be hypergolic in combination with nitric acid, and was considered a possible propellant for early hypergolic rocket engines.

The Soviet "Scud" Missile used TG-02 ("Tonka-250"), a mixture of 50% xylidine and 50% Triethylamine anhydrous as a starting fluid to ignite its rocket engine.
Triethylamine anhydrous belongs to the trialkylamine class.

Triethylamine anhydrous finds widespread use in chemical industry.
Triethylamine anhydrous is a chemical compound which can be used as a catalyst for isocyanate reactions and as a neutralization agent for anionic stabilized waterborne resins.

Triethylamine anhydrous is a colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor.
Triethylamine anhydrous is a base used to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides as well as in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds.

Triethylamine anhydrous acts as a catalyst in the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins, dehydrohalogeantion reactions, acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and Swern oxidation.
Triethylamine anhydrous finds application in reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile-phase modifier.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
Triethylamine anhydrous is a base used to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides as well as in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Triethylamine anhydrous acts as a catalyst in the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins, dehydrohalogeantion reactions, acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and Swern oxidation.

Triethylamine anhydrous finds application in reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile-phase modifier.
Triethylamine anhydrous is also used as an accelerator activator for rubber, as a propellant, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.

Furthermore, Triethylamine anhydrous is used in automotive casting industry and textile industry.
Triethylamine anhydrous is used as a catalyst for the synthesis of polyurethanes and for two-component paints.
Triethylamine anhydrous is suitable as neutralization agent in waterborne paints based on polyesters, alkyds, acrylic resins and polyurethanes containing carboxyl or other acidic groups.

Triethylamine anhydrous is the active ingredient in FlyNap, a product for anesthetizing Drosophila melanogaster.
Triethylamine anhydrous is used in mosquito and vector control labs to anesthetize mosquitoes.
This is done to preserve any viral material that might be present during species identification.

Like diisopropylethylamine (Hünig's base), Triethylamine anhydrous is commonly employed in organic synthesis, usually as a base.
The bicarbonate salt of Triethylamine anhydrous (often abbreviated TEAB, triethylammonium bicarbonate) is useful in reverse phase chromatography, often in a gradient to purify nucleotides and other biomolecules.

Due to excellent water solubility and lack of active hydrogen atoms, Triethylamine anhydrous is often used for the production of water-borne polyurethane dispersions.
Applications of Triethylamine anhydrous: Ag chem solvents, Agriculture intermediates, Aluminum production, Chemicals & petrochemicals, Electronic chemicals, Insecticides int, Intermediates, Mining, Pharmaceutical chemicals, and Resins.

Triethylamine anhydrous is used as a neutralization agent for anionic stabilized waterborne resins (polyesters, alkyds, acrylic resins and polyurethanes containing carboxyl or other acidic groups).
Triethylamine anhydrous is also utilized as a catalyst in the curing of epoxy and polyurethane systems.

In the synthesis, Triethylamine anhydrous is primarily used as a proton scavenger; however, it is also used in the production of Diethylhydroxylamine and other organic compounds.
Triethylamine anhydrous is also used as an accelerator activator for rubber, as a propellant, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.

Furthermore, Triethylamine anhydrous is used in automotive casting industry and textile industry.
Triethylamine anhydrous is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Triethylamine anhydrous is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.

Triethylamine anhydrous is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Triethylamine anhydrous is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Triethylamine anhydrous can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Other release to the environment of Triethylamine anhydrous is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Triethylamine anhydrous is used in the following products: polymers, laboratory chemicals and water softeners.

Release to the environment of Triethylamine anhydrous can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials, formulation of mixtures and in the production of articles.
Triethylamine anhydrous is used in the following products: polymers, laboratory chemicals, coating products and pH regulators and water treatment products.

Triethylamine anhydrous has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Triethylamine anhydrous is used in the following areas: health services, scientific research and development and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.

Triethylamine anhydrous is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Triethylamine anhydrous can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, for thermoplastic manufacture, as processing aid and as processing aid.

Release to the environment of Triethylamine anhydrous can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Applications of Triethylamine anhydrous: Ag chem solvents,
Agriculture intermediates, Aluminum production, Chemicals & petrochemicals, Electronic chemicals, Insecticides int, Intermediates, Mining, Pharmaceutical chemicals, and Resins.

Triethylamine anhydrous is used to give salts of various carboxylic acid-containing pesticides, e.g. Triclopyr and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
Triethylamine anhydrous is commonly employed in organic synthesis as a base.
For example, Triethylamine anhydrous is commonly used as a base during the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides.

Such reactions lead to the production of hydrogen chloride which combines with Triethylamine anhydrous to form the salt triethylamine hydrochloride, commonly called triethylammonium chloride. (R, R' = alkyl, aryl):
R2NH + R'C(O)Cl + Et3N → R'C(O)NR2 + Et3NH+Cl−

Like other tertiary amines, Triethylamine anhydrous catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins.
Triethylamine anhydrous is also useful in dehydrohalogenation reactions and Swern oxidations.
Triethylamine anhydrous is readily alkylated to give the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt:
RI + Et3N → Et3NR+I−

Triethylamine anhydrous is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium salts of dyes.
Triethylamine anhydrous is also a catalyst and acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals.

Triethylamine anhydrous salts, like any other tertiary ammonium salts, are used as an ion-interaction reagent in ion interaction chromatography, due to their amphiphilic properties.
Unlike quaternary ammonium salts, tertiary ammonium salts are much more volatile, therefore mass spectrometry can be used while performing analysis.

Triethylamine anhydrous is an aliphatic amine.
Triethylamine anhydrous is used to catalytic solvent in chemical synthesis; accelerator activators for rubber; wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium types; curing and hardening of polymers (e.g., corebinding resins); corrosion inhibitor; propellant.

Triethylamine anhydrous has been used during the synthesis of:
5′-dimethoxytrityl-5-(fur-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine
3′-(2-cyanoethyl)diisopropylphosphoramidite-5′-dimethoxytrityl-5-(fur-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine
polyethylenimine600-β-cyclodextrin (PEI600-β-CyD)

Triethylamine anhydrous may be used as a homogeneous catalyst for the preparation of glycerol dicarbonate, via transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC).
Triethylamine anhydrous is a base used to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides as well as in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds.

Triethylamine anhydrous acts as a catalyst in the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins, dehydrohalogeantion reactions, acid neutralizers for condensation reactions and Swern oxidation.
Triethylamine anhydrous finds application in reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile-phase modifier.

Triethylamine anhydrous is also used as an accelerator activator for rubber, as a propellant, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.
Furthermore, Triethylamine anhydrous is used in the automotive casting industry and the textile industry.

Triethylamine anhydrous is commonly used in the production of personal care products.
Triethylamine anhydrous serves as a pH regulator, emulsifier, and surfactant in products like shampoos, hair conditioners, soaps, and lotions.
Due to its ability to enhance the stability and consistency of formulations, Triethylamine anhydrous is a popular choice in the cosmetics industry.

Triethylamine anhydrous is a base used to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides as well as in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Triethylamine anhydrous acts as a catalyst in the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins, dehydrohalogeantion reactions, acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and Swern oxidation.

Triethylamine anhydrous finds application in reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile-phase modifier.
Triethylamine anhydrous is also used as an accelerator activator for rubber, as a propellant, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.

Furthermore, Triethylamine anhydrous is used in automotive casting industry and textile industry.
Triethylamine anhydrous is used in making waterproofing agents, and as a catalyst, corrosion inhibitor and propellant.
Triethylamine anhydrous is mainly used as base, catalyst, solvent and raw material in organic synthesis and is generally abbreviated as Et3N, NEt3 or TEA.

Triethylamine anhydrous can be used to prepare phosgene polycarbonate catalyst, polymerization inhibitor of tetrafluoroethylene, rubber vulcanization accelerator, special solvent in paint remover, enamel anti-hardener, surfactant, antiseptic, wetting agent, bactericides, ion exchange resins, dyes, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, high-energy fuels, and liquid rocket propellants, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.

-Pharmaceuticals uses of Triethylamine anhydrous:
In the pharmaceutical industry, Triethylamine anhydrous is used as an intermediate compound in the production of various drugs.
Triethylamine anhydrous is often found in products such as creams, ointments, and gels due to its solubility and emulsification properties.
Additionally, Triethylamine anhydrous is used in the production of cough syrups and liquid medicines to affect taste and stability.

-Textile Industry uses of Triethylamine anhydrous:
Triethylamine anhydrous plays a significant role in the textile industry.
Triethylamine anhydrous is used as a textile softener, improving the hand feel and flexibility of fabrics.
Triethylamine anhydrous also supports the dyeing process by enhancing dye absorption and color retention.
Its compatibility with different textile fibers makes Triethylamine anhydrous an excellent choice for textile manufacturers.

-Metalworking Fluids uses of Triethylamine anhydrous:
In metalworking applications, Triethylamine anhydrous functions as a corrosion inhibitor and pH stabilizer in metalworking fluids.
Triethylamine anhydrous prevents corrosion and extends the lifespan of metal surfaces.
Triethylamine anhydrous also helps maintain the stability of metalworking formulations and acts as a lubricant during processing operations.

-Agricultural Applications of Triethylamine anhydrous:
Triethylamine anhydrousis used in the agricultural sector as well.
Triethylamine anhydrous serves as an emulsifier in the formulation of agricultural pesticides and herbicides, enhancing their effectiveness and stability.
By ensuring proper distribution of active ingredients, Triethylamine anhydrous contributes to the efficiency of agricultural chemicals.

-Industrial uses of Triethylamine anhydrous:
Triethylamine anhydrous is used as an anti-livering agent for urea- and melamine-based enamels and in the recovery of gelled paint vehicles.
Triethylamine anhydrous is also used as a catalyst for polyurethane foams, a flux for copper soldering, and as a catalytic solvent in chemical synthesis.

Triethylamine anhydrous is used in accelerating activators for rubber; as a corrosion inhibitor for polymers; a propellant; wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agent of quaternary ammonium compounds; in curing and hardening of polymers (i.e. core-binding resins); and as a catalyst for epoxy resins.

NICHE USES OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
Triethylamine anhydrous is commonly used in the production of anionic PUDs.
A polyurethane prepolymer is prepared using an isocyanate and polyol with dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA).

This molecule contains two hydroxy groups and a carboxylic acid group.
This prepolymer is then dispersed in water with Triethylamine anhydrous or other neutralizing agent.
Triethylamine anhydrous reacts with the carboxylic acid forming a salt which is water soluble.

Usually, a diamine chain extender is then added to produce a polyurethane dispersed in water with no free NCO groups but with polyurethane and polyurea segments.
Dytek A is commonly used as a chain extender.

RELATED COMPOUNDS OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
*Related amines
*Dimethylamine
*Trimethylamine
*N-Nitrosodimethylamine
*Diethylamine
*Diisopropylamine
*Dimethylaminopropylamine
*Diethylenetriamine
*N,N-Diisopropylethylamine
*Triisopropylamine
*Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine
*Mechlorethamine
*HN1 (nitrogen mustard)
*HN3 (nitrogen mustard)
*Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
*Biguanide
*Dithiobiuret
*Agmatine

PRODUCTION METHODS OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
Triethylamine anhydrous is prepared by a vapor phase reaction of ammonia with ethanol or reaction of N,N-diethylacetamide with lithium aluminum hydride.
Triethylamine anhydrous may also be produced from ethyl chloride and ammonia under heat and pressure or by vapor phase alkylation of ammonia with ethanol.
U.S. production is estimated at greater than 22,000 tons in 1972.

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
Triethylamine anhydrous is prepared by the alkylation of ammonia with ethanol:
NH3 + 3 C2H5OH → N(C2H5)3 + 3 H2O
The pKa of protonated Triethylamine anhydrous is 10.75, and it can be used to prepare buffer solutions at that pH.

The hydrochloride salt, triethylamine hydrochloride (triethylammonium chloride), is a colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic powder, which decomposes when heated to 261 °C.

Triethylamine anhydrous is soluble in water to the extent of 112.4 g/L at 20 °C.
Triethylamine anhydrous is also miscible in common organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether.

Laboratory samples of Triethylamine anhydrous can be purified by distilling from calcium hydride.
In alkane solvents Triethylamine anhydrous is a Lewis base that forms adducts with a variety of Lewis acids, such as I2 and phenols.
Owing to its steric bulk, Triethylamine anhydrous forms complexes with transition metals reluctantly.

SOLUBILITY OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
Triethylamine anhydrous is miscible with water, ether and ethanol.

NOTES OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
Triethylamine anhydrous is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
Hawthorn flowers have a heavy, complicated scent, the distinctive part of which is Triethylamine anhydrous, which is also one of the first chemicals produced by a dead human body when it begins to decay.
Due to the scent, Triethylamine anhydrous is considered unlucky in British culture to bring hawthorn into a house.
Gangrene and semen are also said to possess a similar odour.

REACTIVITY PROFILE OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
Triethylamine anhydrous reacts violently with oxidizing agents. Reacts with Al and Zn.
Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
Triethylamine anhydrous may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
Triethylamine anhydrous is a colorless to yellowish liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor.
Triethylamine anhydrous is a base commonly used in organic chemistry to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides.
Like other tertiary amines, Triethylamine anhydrous catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
Triethylamine anhydrous is a clear, colorless to light yellow flammable liquid with a strong, penetrating, ammonia-like odor.
Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were An odor threshold concentration of 0.032 ppbv was determined by a triangular odor bag method.

PRODUCTION OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
Triethylamine anhydrous is produced by ethanol and ammonia in the presence of hydrogen, in containing Cu-Ni-clay catalyst reactor under heating conditions (190 ± 2 ℃ and 165 ± 2 ℃) reaction.
The reaction also produces ethylamine and diethylamine, products were condensed and then absorption by ethanol spray to obtain crude Triethylamine anhydrous, through the final separation, dehydration and fractionation, pure triethylamine is obtained.

BIOCHEM/PHYSIOL ACTIONS OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
Triethylamine anhydrous is known to drive polymerization reaction.
Triethylamine anhydrous acts as a source of carbon and nitrogen for bacterial cultures.
Triethylamine anhydrous is used in pesticides.
Triethylamine anhydrous can serve as an organic solvent.

METABOLISM OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
There have been few studies on the metabolism of industrially important aliphatic amines such as Triethylamine anhydrous.
Triethylamine anhydrous is generally assumed that amines not normally present in the body are metabolized by monoamine oxidase and diamine oxidase (histaminase).

Ultimately ammonia is formed and will be converted to urea.
The hydrogen peroxide formed is acted upon by catalase and the aldehyde formed is thought to be converted to the corresponding carboxylic acid by the action of aldehyde oxidase.

PURIFICATION METHODS OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
Dry Triethylamine anhydrous with CaSO4, LiAlH4, Linde type 4A molecular sieves, CaH2, KOH, or K2CO3, then distil it, either alone or from BaO, sodium, P2O5 or CaH2.
Triethylamine anhydrous has also been distilled from zinc dust, under nitrogen.

To remove traces of primary and secondary amines, Triethylamine anhydrous has been refluxed with acetic anhydride, benzoic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, then distilled, refluxed with CaH2 (ammonia-free) or KOH (or dried with activated alumina), and again distilled.
Another purification method involved refluxing for 2hours with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, then distilling.

Grovenstein and Williams treated Triethylamine anhydrous (500mL) with benzoyl chloride (30mL), filtered off the precipitate, and refluxed the liquid for 1hour with a further 30mL of benzoyl chloride.
After cooling, the liquid was filtered, distilled, and allowed to stand for several hours with KOH pellets.

Triethylamine anhydrous was then refluxed with, and distilled from, stirred molten potassium.
Triethylamine anhydrous has been converted to its hydrochloride, crystallised from EtOH (to m 254o), then liberated with aqueous NaOH, dried with solid KOH and distilled from sodium under N2.

BENEFITS OF TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
Triethylamine anhydrous offers a significant advantage in terms of versatility.
Triethylamine anhydrous's various applications across different industries underscore its adaptability and utility.
From personal care products to pharmaceuticals, textiles to the agricultural sector, Triethylamine anhydrous consistently delivers valuable properties and benefits.

*PH Regulation
Triethylamine anhydrous serves as a pH regulator, critical for products where pH balance is important.
By stabilizing the desired pH level, Triethylamine anhydrous ensures the effectiveness and quality of formulations.
This feature is particularly important in situations where pH can significantly impact the performance of products, such as personal care and pharmaceutical products.

*Emulsification And Stabilization
Triethylamine anhydrous possesses emulsifying properties, aiding the homogeneous formation of mixtures of different substances.
Triethylamine anhydrous enhances the consistency and appearance of formulations, preventing separation or phase changes.
This benefit makes Triethylamine anhydrous a valuable choice in the production of creams, lotions, and other cosmetic products.

*Solubility
Triethylamine anhydrous exhibits excellent solubility in water and various organic solvents.
This solubility is ideal for formulations that require the homogeneous distribution of active ingredients.
Triethylamine anhydrous's ability to dissolve in both water and oil-based substances contributes to its versatility and broad applicability.

*Corrosion Prevention
In metalworking applications, Triethylamine anhydrous acts as a corrosion inhibitor.
Triethylamine anhydrous prevents oxidation and the formation of rust by creating a protective layer on metal surfaces.
By inhibiting corrosion, Triethylamine anhydrous helps extend the lifespan and durability of metal components.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
CAS No.: 121-44-8
Molecular Weight: 101.19 g/mol
EC No.: 204-469-4
Beilstein No.: 605283
Chemical Formula: C6H15N
Molar Mass: 101.193 g/mol
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Odor: Fishy, ammoniacal
Density: 0.7255 g/mL
Physical state: Liquid
Color: Colorless
Odor: Amine-like
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -115 to -114.7 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 89.3 °C
Flammability (solid, gas): Data not available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:

Upper explosion limit: 9.3% (volume)
Lower explosion limit: 1.2% (volume)
Flash point: -11 °C (closed cup)
Autoignition temperature: Data not available
Decomposition temperature: Data not available
pH: 12.7 at 100 g/l at 15 °C
Viscosity:
Kinematic viscosity: No data available
Dynamic viscosity: 0.36 mPa.s at 20 °C
Water solubility: 112.4 g/l at 20 °C (soluble)
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water):
Log Pow: 1.45 (Bioaccumulation is not expected)
Vapor pressure: 72 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0.72 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Relative vapor density: Data not available
Particle characteristics: Data not available
Explosive properties: Data not available
Oxidizing properties: None
Other safety information:

Relative vapor density: 3.48
Chemical formula: C6H15N
Molar mass: 101.193 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Fishy, ammoniacal
Density: 0.7255 g/mL
Melting point: -114.70 °C; -174.46 °F; 158.45 K
Boiling point: 88.6 to 89.8 °C; 191.4 to 193.5 °F; 361.7 to 362.9 K
Solubility in water: 112.4 g/L at 20 °C
Solubility: Miscible with organic solvents
log P: 1.647
Vapor pressure: 6.899–8.506 kPa
Henry's law constant (kH): 66 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
Acidity (pKa): 10.75 (for the conjugate acid) (H2O), 9.00 (DMSO)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -81.4·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.401

Thermochemistry:
Heat capacity (C): 216.43 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): -169 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): -4.37763 to -4.37655 MJ mol−1
Flash point: -15 °C (5 °F; 258 K)
Autoignition temperature: 312 °C (594 °F; 585 K)
Explosive limits: 1.2–8%
Threshold limit value (TLV): 2 ppm (8 mg/m3) (TWA), 4 ppm (17 mg/m3) (STEL)
CBNumber:CB5355941
Molecular Formula:C6H15N Lewis structure
Molecular Weight:101.19
MDL Number:MFCD00009051
MOL File:121-44-8.mol

Appearance & Physical State: Clear colorless to very pale yellow liquid
Density: 0.726
Boiling Point: 89 - 90 ºC
Melting Point: -115ºC
Flash Point: -11ºC
Refractive Index: 1.4005
Water Solubility: 133 g/L (20°C)
Vapor Density: 3.5 (Air = 1.0)
Melting point: -115 °C
Boiling point: 90 °C
Density: 0.728
Vapor density: 3.5 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 51.75 mm Hg (20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.401 (lit.)
FEMA: 4246 | TRIETHYLAMINE
Flash point: 20 °F

Storage temp.: Store below +30°C
Solubility: water: soluble 112 g/L at 20°C
pKa: 10.75 (at 25℃)
Form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.725 (20/4℃)
Color: Clear
pH: 12.7 (100g/l, H2O, 15℃) (IUCLID)
Relative polarity: 1.8
Odor: Strong ammonia-like odor
Odor Type: fishy
Evaporation Rate: 5.6
Explosive limit: 1.2-9.3% (V)
Odor Threshold: 0.0054 ppm
Water Solubility: 133 g/L (20 ºC)

Merck: 14,9666
JECFA Number: 1611
BRN: 1843166
Henry's Law Constant: 1.79 at 25 °C (Christie and Crisp, 1967)
Exposure limits:
NIOSH REL: IDLH 200 ppm
OSHA PEL: TWA 25 ppm (100 mg/m3)
ACGIH TLV: TWA 1 ppm, STEL 3 ppm (adopted)
Dielectric constant: 5.0 (Ambient)
Stability: Stable
InChIKey: ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.65
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): TRIETHYLAMINE
FDA 21 CFR: 177.1580
CAS DataBase Reference: 121-44-8 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 5-6
FDA UNII: VOU728O6AY
NIST Chemistry Reference: Triethylamine (121-44-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: Triethylamine (121-44-8)

FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 10 min
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A-(P3)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Handle and store under inert gas.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIETHYLAMINE ANHYDROUS:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

Triethylborane is widely used as a precursor for the preparation of reducing agents such as lithium triethylborohydride and sodium triethylborohydride.
Triethylborane chemical formula is (CH3CH2)3B or (C2H5)3B, abbreviated Et3B.
Triethylborane is a chemical compound that is used as a reagent in organic chemistry.

CAS Number: 97-94-9
EC Number: 202-620-9
Molecular Formula: C6H15B
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 98.00

Triethylborane is a boron alkyl used in organic synthesis as an agent for stereochemical control, and as an adjuvant and silica-supported chromium catalysts for olefin polymerization.

Triethylborane, also called triethylboron, is an organoborane (a compound with a B–C bond).
Triethylborane is a colorless pyrophoric liquid.

Triethylborane chemical formula is (CH3CH2)3B or (C2H5)3B, abbreviated Et3B.
Triethylborane is soluble in organic solvents tetrahydrofuran and hexane

Triethylborane is an organoborane pyrophoric liquid.
Triethylborane is prepared on the plant scale by the reaction of AlEt3 and KBF4.

Triethylborane is widely used as a precursor for the preparation of reducing agents such as lithium triethylborohydride and sodium triethylborohydride.
Triethylborane can also be utilized as an initiator in radical cyclization reactions.

Triethylborane is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, for intermediate use only.
Triethylborane is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Triethylborane is a chemical compound that is used as a reagent in organic chemistry.
Triethylborane is also used to study the repair mechanism of polymer films and activation energies for radical transfer reactions.

Triethylborane has been shown to react with nitrogen atoms, forming boron and triethylborane.
This reaction occurs at low energy and the reactive site is the carbonyl group.
Triethylborane can also react with zirconium oxide, forming a boron nitride product.

Triethylborane chemical formula can be written as C6H15B, or (CH3CH2)3B, or (C2H5)3B, or Et3B.

Triethylborane is strongly pyrophoric, igniting spontaneously in air.
Triethylborane burns intensely with a very hot flame.

The color of the flame is apple-green, which is characteristic for boron compounds.
Triethylborane fire should not be extinguished with water; a carbon dioxide or dry powder extinguisher (eg. Purple K) would be more suitable.
Triethylborane vapors may cause flash fire.

Triethylborane is soluble in tetrahydrofuran and hexane, and is not pyrophoric when in solution.
However the solution can slowly react with atmospheric moisture.

If the Triethylborane solutions are exposed to air for prolonged time, unstable organic peroxides may form, with the presence of cationic initiators leading to polymerization.
Triethylborane is toxic to peripheral nervous system, kidneys and testes.

Triethylborane is extremely corrosive.
Some sources incorrectly refer to this chemical as tetraethylborane.

An autocatalytic cycle was found in the mechanism of autoxidation of triethylborane using density functional theory calculations.
The reaction starts with the generation of an ethyl radical via slow homolytic substitution.
Fast radical propagation then takes place through a catalytic cycle in which the ethyl radical acts as a catalyst.

Triethylborane is catalyst for allylation of aldehydes, decarboxylative C-C bond cleavage reactions, rhenium hydride / boron Lewis acid cocatalysis of alkene hydrogenations, Regioselective hydroxyalkylation of unsaturated oxime ethers.
Reactant for radical reductions of alkyl bromides with N-heterocyclic carbene boranes and synthesis of tetramethylammonium trialkylphenylborate salts with oxidation potential.

Triethylborane is a chemical compound that is used as a reagent in organic chemistry.
Triethylborane is also used to study the repair mechanism of polymer films and activation energies for radical transfer reactions.

Triethylborane has been shown to react with nitrogen atoms, forming boron and triethylborane.
This reaction occurs at low energy and the reactive site is the carbonyl group.
Triethylborane can also react with zirconium oxide, forming a boron nitride product.

Triethylborane is a boron alkyl used in organic synthesis as an agent for stereochemical control, and as an adjuvant for Ziegler-Natta and silica-supported chromium catalysts for olefin polymerization.

Uses of Triethylborane:
Triethylborane is radical initiator for hydrostannylation of alkynes.
Triethylborane is reacts with metal enolates to give the enoxytriethylborates, useful in selective alkylation and aldol reactions.

Triethylborane is used with lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminohydride in the reductive cleavage.
Triethylborane is used in the deoxygenation of primary and secondary alcohols.

Triethylborane is raw material for a wide variety of boron compounds.
Triethylborane is used in protection OH-groups in organic compounds.

Triethylborane is used in rapid gasometric determination of OH-groups in alcohols, phenols, diols, sugars and other compound.
Triethylborane is used in water content determination in crystalline, hydrates of inorganic, complex and organic salts.
Triethylborane is used in preparative dehydration of salt and sugar hydrates.

Applications of Triethylborane:
Triethylborane is catalyst for allylation of aldehydes, decarboxylative C-C bond cleavage reactions, rhenium hydride / boron Lewis acid cocatalysis of alkene hydrogenations, Regioselective hydroxyalkylation of unsaturated oxime ethers.
Reactant for radical reductions of alkyl bromides with N-heterocyclic carbene boranes and synthesis of tetramethylammonium trialkylphenylborate salts with oxidation potential.

Radical initiator for hydrostannylation of alkynes.
Reacts with metal enolates to give the enoxytriethylborates, useful in selective alkylation and aldol reactions.

Triethylborane is used with lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminohydride in the reductive cleavage.
Triethylborane is used in the deoxygenation of primary and secondary alcohols.

A raw material for a wide variety of boron compounds.
Protection OH-groups in organic compounds.

Rapid gasometric determination of OH-groups in alcohols, phenols, diols, sugars and other compound.
Water content determination in crystalline, hydrates of inorganic, complex and organic salts.
Preparative dehydration of salt and sugar hydrates.

Triethylborane was used to ignite the JP-7 fuel in the Pratt & Whitney J58 turbojet/ramjet engines powering the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird spy plane, and Triethylborane predecessor A-12 OXCART.
Triethylborane is suitable for this because of Triethylborane pyrophoric properties, especially the fact that Triethylborane burns with very high temperature.

Triethylborane was chosen as an ignition method for reliability reasons, because the JP-7 fuel has very low volatility and is difficult to ignite.
Classical ignition plugs posed too high risk of a malfunction.
Triethylborane is used in 50 cm3 doses to start up each engine and to light the afterburners.

Industrially, triethylborane is used as an initiator in radical reactions, where Triethylborane is effective even at low temperatures.
As an initiator, Triethylborane can replace some organotin compounds.

Triethylborane reacts with metal enolates, yielding enoxytriethylborates with use in selective alkylation and aldol reactions.
Triethylborane is also used in reduction bond cleavage with lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminohydride, in preparation of various boron compounds, deoxygenation of primary and secondary alcohols, rapid determination of -OH groups in organic compounds, dehydration of salt and sugar hydrates, determination of water content in crystalline hydrate compounds, in a variant of Reformatskii reaction, and has a range of other uses in organoborane chemistry.

Triethylborane is used in vapor deposition techniques as a boron source.
Examples are the plasma deposition of boron-containing hard carbon films, silicon nitride-boron nitride films, and for doping of diamond film with boron.
Other boron precursors used for such applications are eg. trimethylborane, boron trifluoride, diborane, and decaborane.

Turbojet engine:
Triethylborane was used to ignite the JP-7 fuel in the Pratt & Whitney J58 turbojet/ramjet engines powering the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird and Triethylborane predecessor, the A-12 OXCART.
Triethylborane is suitable because Triethylborane ignites readily upon exposure to oxygen.

Triethylborane was chosen as an ignition method for reliability reasons, and in the case of the Blackbird, because JP-7 fuel has very low volatility and is difficult to ignite.
Conventional ignition plugs posed a high risk of malfunction.
Triethylborane was used to start each engine and to ignite the afterburners.

Rocket:
Mixed with 10–15% triethylaluminium, Triethylborane was used before lift-off to ignite the F-1 engines on the Saturn V rocket.
The Merlin engines that power the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket use a triethylaluminium-triethylborane mixture (TEA-TEB) as a first- and second-stage ignitor.
The Firefly Aerospace Alpha launch vehicle's Reaver engines are also ignited by a triethylaluminium-triethylborane mixture.

Organic chemistry:
Industrially, triethylborane is used as an initiator in radical reactions, where Triethylborane is effective even at low temperatures.
As an initiator, Triethylborane can replace some organotin compounds.

Triethylborane reacts with metal enolates, yielding enoxytriethylborates that can be alkylated at the α-carbon atom of the ketone more selectively than in Triethylborane absence.
For example, the enolate from treating cyclohexanone with potassium hydride produces 2-allylcyclohexanone in 90% yield when triethylborane is present.

Without Triethylborane, the product mixture contains 43% of the mono-allylated product, 31% di-allylated cyclohexanones, and 28% unreacted starting material.
The choice of base and temperature influences whether the more or less stable enolate is produced, allowing control over the position of substituents.

Starting from 2-methylcyclohexanone, reacting with potassium hydride and triethylborane in THF at room temperature leads to the more substituted (and more stable) enolate, whilst reaction at −78 °C with potassium hexamethyldisilazide, KN[Si(CH3)3]2 and triethylborane generates the less substituted enolate.
After reaction with methyl iodide the former mixture gives 2,2-dimethylcyclohexanone in 90% yield while the latter produces 2,6-dimethylcyclohexanone in 93% yield.

Triethylborane is used in the Barton–McCombie deoxygenation reaction for deoxygenation of alcohols.
In combination with lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride Triethylborane cleaves ethers.
For example, THF is converted, after hydrolysis, to 1-butanol.

Triethylborane also promotes certain variants of the Reformatskii reaction.

Triethylborane is the precursor to the reducing agents lithium triethylborohydride ("Superhydride") and sodium triethylborohydride.
MH + Et3B → MBHEt3 (M = Li, Na)

Triethylborane reacts with methanol to form diethyl(methoxy)borane, which is used as the chelating agent in the Narasaka–Prasad reduction for the stereoselective generation of syn-1,3-diols from β-hydroxyketones.

Reagent for:
Enantioselective umpolung allylation of aldehydes,
Preparation of tetramethylammonium trialkylphenylborate salts,

Catalyst for:
Radical reductions of alkyl bromides and iodides bearing electron withdrawing groups with N-heterocyclic carbene boranes,
Synthesis of 1-substituted pyrrolines by N-diallylation of amines and ring-closing metathesis,

Decarboxylative C-C bond cleavage reactions,
Alkene hydrogenations,
Aminyl radical cyclizations onto silyl enol ethers,

Modifier for single-site organochromium ethylene polymerization catalysts,
Triethylborane is used with lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminohydride in the reductive cleavage of ethers and epoxides.
Triethylborane is used in the deoxygenation of primary and secondary alcohols.

Preparation and Structure of Triethylborane:

Triethylborane is prepared by the reaction of trimethyl borate with triethylaluminium:
Et3Al + (MeO)3B → Et3B + (MeO)3Al

The molecule is monomeric, unlike H3B and Et3Al, which tend to dimerize.
Triethylborane has a planar BC3 core.

Stability and Reactivity of Triethylborane:

Chemical stability:
Sensitive to air.

Conditions to avoid:
Pyrophoric
Exposure to air.

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents

Handling and Storage of Triethylborane:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale Triethylborane/mixture.
Avoid generation of vapours/aerosols.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with Triethylborane.

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.

Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Handle and store under inert gas.
Air sensitive.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 4.2: Pyrophoric and self-heating hazardous materials

Safety of Triethylborane:
Triethylborane is strongly pyrophoric, with an autoignition temperature of −20 °C (−4 °F), burning with an apple-green flame characteristic for boron compounds.
Thus, Triethylborane is typically handled and stored using air-free techniques.
Triethylborane is also acutely toxic if swallowed, with an LD50 of 235 mg/kg in rat test subjects.

First Aid Measures of Triethylborane:

General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show Triethylborane safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.

In exceptional cases only, if medical care is not available within one hour, induce vomiting (only in persons who are wide awake and fully conscious), administer activated charcoal (20 - 40 g in a 10% slurry) and consult a doctor as quickly as possible.
Do not attempt to neutralise.

Firefighting Measures of Triethylborane:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Triethylborane/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Triethylborane or mixture:
Carbon oxides
Borane/boron oxides
Combustible.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental Release Measures of Triethylborane:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Do not breathe vapors, aerosols.
Avoid Triethylborane contact.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Identifiers of Triethylborane:
CAS Number: 97-94-9
ChemSpider: 7079
ECHA InfoCard: 100.002.383
EC Number: 202-620-9
PubChem CID: 7357
UNII: Z3S980Z4P3
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2052653
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H15B/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H3
Key: LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C6H15B/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H3
Key: LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYAU
SMILES: B(CC)(CC)CC

Linear Formula: (C2H5)3B
MDL Number: MFCD00009022
EC No.: 202-620-9
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 7357
IUPAC Name: triethylborane
SMILES: B(CC)(CC)CC
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/C6H15B/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H3
InchI Key: LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS: 97-94-9
Molecular Formula: C6H15B
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 98.00
MDL Number: MFCD00009022
InChI Key: LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 7357
IUPAC Name: triethylborane
SMILES: CCB(CC)CC

EC / List no.: 202-620-9
CAS no.: 97-94-9
Mol. formula: C6H15B

Synonym(s): Triethylboron
Linear Formula: (C2H5)3B
CAS Number: 97-94-9
Molecular Weight: 97.99
EC Number: 202-620-9
MDL number: MFCD00009022
PubChem Substance ID: 24855572
NACRES: NA.22

Properties of Triethylborane:
Chemical formula: (CH3CH2)3B
Molar mass: 98.00 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 0.677 g/cm3
Melting point: −93 °C (−135 °F; 180 K)
Boiling point: 95 °C (203 °F; 368 K)
Solubility in water: Not applicable; highly reactive

Compound Formula: C6H15B
Molecular Weight: 97.99
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Melting Point: −93 °C
Boiling Point: 95 °C
Density: 0.677 g/mL
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.397
Exact Mass: 98.126681
Monoisotopic Mass: 98.126681

Quality Level: 100
Assay: ≥95%
Reaction suitability: reagent type: reductant
Refractive index: n20/D 1.397 (lit.)
bp: 95 °C (lit.)
mp: −93 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.677 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: CCB(CC)CC
InChI: 1S/C6H15B/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H3
InChI key: LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 98.00 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 98.1266806 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 98.1266806 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 25.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Triethylborane:
Density: 0.865
Flash Point: −17°C (1°F)
Linear Formula: (CH3CH2)3B
Quantity: 25 mL
UN Number: UN2924
Beilstein: 1731462
Sensitivity: Air Sensitive
Solubility Information: Reacts with water.
Formula Weight: 98
Concentration or Composition (by Analyte or Components): 1M soln. in THF
Chemical Name or Material: Triethylborane

Related Products of Triethylborane:
N-Ethyl-N-nitrosomethallylamine (10mg/mL in Methanol)
4-Glutathionyl Cyclophosphamide (10mM in DMSO)
N-EtFOSA-M (50ug/mL in methanol)
1-Nitrosopyrrolidin-2-one (200 ug/mL in Methanol)
N-Nitrosodiethylamine (1mg/mL in Methanol)

Related compounds of Triethylborane:
Tetraethyllead
Diborane
Sodium tetraethylborate
Trimethylborane

Names of Triethylborane:

Regulatory process names:
Borane, triethyl-
Boron ethyl
Boron triethyl
Triethylborane
Triethylborane
triethylborane
Triethylborine
Triethylboron

CAS names:
Borane, triethyl-

IUPAC names:
Borane, triethyl-
Triethylborane
triethylborane
triethylborane

Preferred IUPAC name:
Triethylborane

Trade name:
TEB

Other names:
Triethylborine, triethylboron

Other identifier:
97-94-9

Synonyms of Triethylborane:
Triethylborane
97-94-9
TRIETHYLBORON
Borane, triethyl-
Triethylborine
Z3S980Z4P3
Boron triethyl
Boron ethyl
MFCD00009022
HSDB 897
EINECS 202-620-9
BRN 1731462
triethylboran
Borethyl
triethyl borane
triethyl-borane
UNII-Z3S980Z4P3
BEt3
Et3B
Triethylborane, >=95%
TRIETHYLBORANE [MI]
4-04-00-04359 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXSID2052653
(C2H5)3B
AKOS009156530
FT-0655589
T1984
EN300-35961
A845771
Q421149
202-620-9 [EINECS]
4-04-00-04359 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
97-94-9 [RN]
Borane, triethyl- [ACD/Index Name]
ED2100000
Et3B [Formula]
MFCD00009022 [MDL number]
Triethylboran [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Triethylborane [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Triéthylborane [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Trietilborano [Spanish]
trietilborine [Spanish]
トリエチルボラン [Japanese]
(C2H5)3B
Borethyl
Boron triethyl
EINECS 202-620-9
TL8006029
Triethylboranemissing
TRIETHYLBORINE
Triethylborron?Boron Triethyl?

Triethylene glycol, clear, colorless, syrupy (viscous) liquid at room temperature.
Triethylene glycol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as polyethylene glycols.
Triethylene glycol is hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the air.

CAS Number: 112-27-6
Molecular Formula: C6H14O4
Molecular Weight: 150.17
EINECS No.: 203-953-2

These are oligomers or polymers of Triethylene glycol, with the general formula C6H14O4.
Triethylene glycol, often colored fluorescent yellow-green when used in automotive antifreeze.
Triethylene glycol is a useful industrial compound found in many consumer products.

Triethylene glycol include antifreeze, hydraulic brake fluids, some stamp pad inks, ballpoint pens, solvents, paints, plastics, films, and cosmetics.
Triethylene glycol, TEG, or triglycol is a colorless odorless viscous liquid with molecular formula HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH.
Triethylene glycol is clear, has a mild odor and is not extremely viscous.

Triethylene glycol has good solvency for a wide range of organic compounds, including hydrocarbons, oils, resins, and dyes.
Triethylene glycol is an additive for hydraulic fluids and brake fluids and is used as a base for "smoke machine" fluid in the entertainment industry.
Triethylene glycol are also used as liquid desiccants for natural gas and in air conditioning systems.

When aerosolized Triethylene glycol acts as a disinfectant.
Triethylene glycol can also be a pharmaceutical vehicle.
Ethylene glycol and its toxic byproducts first affect the central nervous system (CNS), then the heart, and finally the kidneys.

Ethylene glycol is odorless.
Triethylene glycol is a chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H14O4 that is categorized as an alcohol.
Ethylene glycol has a sweet taste and is often ingested by accident or on purpose.

Ethylene glycol breaks down into toxic compounds in the body.
This makes it useful in various processes such as oil and gas production, natural gas dehydration, and as a solvent in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and synthetic fibers.
One of the most notable applications of triethylene glycol is its use as a desiccant or a drying agent.

Triethylene glycol, at room temperature it is a liquid.
Triethylene glycol is soluble in water.
Triethylene glycol (TEG) is a colorless, odorless liquid with the chemical formula C6H14O4.

Triethylene glycol belongs to a group of chemicals known as glycols and is composed of three ethylene glycol units connected by oxygen atoms.
Triethylene glycol is primarily used as a solvent, particularly in industrial applications.
Due to its hygroscopic nature, it can effectively remove water from gas streams and maintain low levels of moisture.

Triethylene glycols are part of the glycol family, they have different chemical structures and properties.
Triethylene glycol can cause material corrosion because of its acidic nature.
Care should be taken to mitigate corrosion concerns when using triethylene glycol through appropriate material selection, use of coatings and use of corrosion inhibitors.

Triethylene glycol (also known as TEG, triglycol and trigen) is a colourless, viscous, non-volatile liquid with the formula C6H14O4.
Triethylene glycol is well known for its hygroscopic quality and its ability to dehumidify fluids.

Triethylene glycol is prepared commercially as a co-product of the oxidation of ethylene at high temperature, in the presence of a silver oxide catalyst.
The ethylene oxide is then hydrated to yield mono, di, tri, and tetra ethylene glycols.
Triethylene glycol also has mild disinfectant qualities and, when volatised, is used as an air disinfectant for virus and bacteria control.

Triethylene glycol is a clear, colorless, viscous, stable liquid with a slightly sweetish odor.
Soluble in water; immiscible with benzene, toluene, and gasoline.
Because Triethylene glycol has two ether and two hydroxyl groups its chemical properties are closety related to ethers and primary alcohols.

Triethylene glycol is a good solvent for gums, resins, nitrocellulose, steam-set printing inks and wood stains.
With a low vapor pressure and a high boiling point, its uses and properties are similar to those of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol.
Because Triethylene glycol is an efficient hygroscopic agent it serves as a liquid desiccant for removing water from natural gas.

Triethylene glycol is also used in air conditioning systems designed to dehumidify air.
Triethylene glycol is a member of a homologous series of dihydroxy alcohols.

Triethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless and stable liquid with high viscosity and a high boiling point.
Apart from its use as a raw material in the manufacture and synthesis of other products, Triethylene glycol is known for its hygroscopic quality and its ability to dehumidify fluids.
This liquid is miscible with water, and at standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa) has a boiling point of 286.5 °C and a freezing point of −7 °C.

Triethylene glycol is also soluble in ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine, aldehydes; slightly soluble in diethyl ether; and insoluble in oil, fat and most hydrocarbons.
The oil and gas industries use Triethylene glycol to dehydrate natural gas as well as other gases including CO2, H2S, and other oxygenated gases.
Industrial uses include adsorbents and absorbents, functional fluids in both closed and open systems, Intermediates, petroleum production processing aids, and solvents.

Triethylene glycol is a polymer consisting of ethylene glycol monomers and two terminal hydroxyl groups.
The Triethylene glycol chain increases the water solubility of a compound in aqueous media.
Increasing the number of ethylene glycol units within the entire chain improves the solubility properties of the PEG linker.

Triethylene Glycol (TEG) is the third members of a homologous series of dihydroxyalcohols.
Triethylene glycol is produced in the Master Process by the direct hydration of ethylene oxide.
Triethylene glycol is co-produced with MEG and DEG.

Triethylene glycol is used in the manufacture of a host of consumer products that include anti-freeze, automotive care products, building and construction materials, cleaning and furnishing care products, fabric, textile, and leather products, fuels and related products, lubricants and greases, paints and coatings, personal care products, and plastic and rubber products.
Triethylene Glycol (TEG) is a liquid chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H14O4 or HOCH2CH2CH2O2CH2OH.

Triethylene glycol is recognized for its hygroscopic quality and ability to dehumidify fluids.
Triethylene glycol is miscible with water and soluble in ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine, and aldehydes.
Triethylene glycol is slightly soluble in diethyl ether, and insoluble in oil, fat, and most hydrocarbons.

Triethylene glycol is commercially produced as a co-product of the oxidation of ethylene at a high temperature in the presence of silver oxide catalyst, followed by hydration of ethylene oxide to yield mono, di, tri, and tetraethylene glycols.
High temperature environments can see high rates of corrosion with triethylene glycol.

Triethylene glycol is most commonly used for natural gas dehydration to strip the water out of the gas.
Triethylene glycol is wildly used in applications which require higher boiling point, higher molecular weight with low volatility such as plasticizer, unsaturated polyester resin, emulsifiers, lubricants, heat transfer fluids and solvent for equipment cleaning, printing ink.

Triethylene glycol is particularly important in natural gas processing, where Triethylene glycol is commonly employed to remove water vapor and other impurities from natural gas.
Triethylene glycol finds use in the production of polyesters, plasticizers, and as a component in some antifreeze formulations.

Triethylene glycol can also be found in certain personal care products, such as deodorants and cosmetics, as a moisturizing agent.
The main uses for triethylene glycol are based upon its hygroscopic quality.
Triethylene glycol is used as a dehydrating agent for natural gas pipelines where it removes the water from the gas before being condensed and reused in the system.

Triethylene glycol is also a dehumidifying agent in air-conditioning units.
Triethylene glycol is also used to make chemical intermediates such as plasticisers and polyester resins.
Triethylene glycol is an additive in hydraulic fluids and brake fluids, and Triethylene glycol is also used as a solvent in many applications, including as a selective solvent for aromatics, and a solvent in textile dyeing.

It's worth noting that triethylene glycol should not be confused with ethylene glycol, a different compound that is toxic and primarily used as an automotive antifreeze.
Triethylene glycol is prepared commercially as a co-product of the oxidation of ethylene at high temperature in the presence of silver oxide catalyst, followed by hydration of ethylene oxide to yield mono(one)-, di(two)-, tri(three)- and tetraethylene glycols.

Melting point: −7 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 125-127 °C0.1 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.124 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 5.2 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.455(lit.)
Flash point: 165 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility H2O: 50 mg/mL at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Viscous Liquid
pka: 14.06±0.10(Predicted)
color: Clear very slightly yellow
PH: 5.5-7.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Odor: Very mild, sweet.
explosive limit: 0.9-9.2%(V)
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.06
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.03
Merck: 14,9670
BRN: 969357
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: -1.75 at 25℃

Triethylene glycol can be stored and transported in stainless steel, aluminium or lined tank cars, tank trucks, or 225 kg drums.
Triethylene glycol serves as a precursor or intermediate in the production of other chemicals.

Triethylene glycol can be used to synthesize polyester resins, polyurethanes, plasticizers, and synthetic lubricants.
Triethylene glycol is utilized in the natural gas industry for gas conditioning processes.
Triethylene glycol helps remove contaminants such as sulfur compounds and other impurities, making the gas suitable for transportation and commercial use.

Due to its excellent solvent properties, Triethylene glycol is employed in the formulation of dyes, inks, and pigments.
Triethylene glycol helps dissolve and disperse colorants effectively, facilitating their application in various industries.
Triethylene glycol is used in some pharmaceutical formulations as a stabilizer, solvent, or excipient.

Triethylene glycols can be converted to aldehydes, alkyl halides, amines, azides, carboxylic acids, ethers, mercaptans, nitrate esters, nitriles, nitrite esters, organic esters, peroxides, phosphate esters and sulfate esters.
Triethylene glycolis a ether-alcohol derivative.

The ether being relatively unreactive.
Triethylene glycol, flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents.
Triethylene glycol react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water.

Oxidizing agents convert alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Triethylene glycol, alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior.
Triethylene glycol may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

Eastman Triethylene glycol Plasticizer is compatible with PVC and with PVB resins.
Triethylene glycol offers low color, low viscosity and low volatility during processing.
The low viscosity makes Eastman TEG-EH particularly suitable for use in plastisols to improve the processing characteristics.
Triethylene glycol can improve the solubility and stability of certain drugs and aid in the delivery of active ingredients.

Triethylene glycol finds applications in laboratories as a solvent for chemical reactions, extraction processes, and chromatography.
Triethylene glycols ability to dissolve a wide range of substances makes it useful in various analytical and research procedures.

Triethylene glycol offers low viscosity for ease of compounding and low color for excellent clarity in automotive and residential and commercial window applications.
Triethylene glycol is commonly used in natural gas sweetening processes to remove acidic gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
Triethylene glycol acts as a selective solvent, absorbing these impurities from the gas stream and allowing for the production of cleaner natural gas.

Triethylene glycol is used as a deicing agent for aircraft and runways.
Triethylene glycols low freezing point and ability to mix with water make it effective in preventing the formation of ice and snow on surfaces, ensuring safer conditions for aviation and transportation.
Triethylene glycol is used in the textile industry for processes like dyeing, printing, and finishing.

Triethylene glycol acts as a solvent for dyes and helps facilitate their penetration into fibers, resulting in vibrant and long-lasting colors.
Triethylene glycol is employed in the electronics industry to control moisture levels during the manufacturing and storage of sensitive electronic components.
Triethylene glycol helps prevent moisture-related damage, such as corrosion or malfunction, in electronic devices.

Triethylene glycol can act as a preservative due to its ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
Triethylene glycol is used in some cosmetic and personal care products, such as creams and lotions, to extend their shelf life and prevent bacterial or fungal contamination.
Triethylene glycol is sometimes added to gasoline as an octane booster or fuel system cleaner.

Triethylene glycol can improve the combustion efficiency of gasoline, resulting in enhanced engine performance and reduced emissions.
Triethylene glycol is utilized as a heat transfer fluid in various industrial processes.

Triethylene glycols high boiling point, low volatility, and thermal stability make it suitable for applications where controlled and efficient heat transfer is required, such as in heating systems, solar thermal collectors, and chemical reactors.
The hydroxyl groups on triethylene glycol undergo the usual alcohol chemistry giving a wide variety of possible derivatives.
Triethylene glycol (TEG) is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slight odor.

Triethylene glycol is non-flammable, mildly toxic, and considered non-hazardous.
Triethylene glycol is a member of a homologous series of dihydroxy alcohols.
Triethylene glycol is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers as well as in the manufacture of air sanitizer and other consumer products.

Triethylene glycol is commonly used as an ingredient in antifreeze formulations.
Triethylene glycol helps lower the freezing point of water, preventing the coolant in automotive engines and HVAC systems from solidifying in cold temperatures.
Triethylene glycol is a humectant, which means it has the ability to attract and retain moisture.

Triethylene glycol is used in a variety of personal care products like moisturizers, lotions, and soaps to prevent them from drying out and to provide hydration to the skin.
Triethylene glycol is employed in air conditioning systems as a desiccant to remove moisture from the air.
By reducing the humidity, it helps enhance the efficiency and performance of the cooling process.

Triethylene glycol is well established as a relatively mild disinfectant toward a variety of bacteria, influenza A viruses and spores of Penicillium notatum fungi.
Triethylene glycols exceptionally low toxicity, broad materials compatibility, and low odor combined with its antimicrobial properties indicates that it approaches the ideal for air disinfection purposes in occupied spaces.[4] Much of the scientific work with triethylene glycol was done in the 1940s and 1950s, however that work has ably demonstrated the antimicrobial activity against airborne, solution suspension, and surface bound microbes.

Uses:
Triethylene glycol is widely used for the dehydration of natural gas.
This process is useful as Triethylene glycol prevents the gas from freezing making the gas easier to transport and manage for end consumers.
The manufacturing processes of certain types of polymers frequently use triethylene glycol as a plasticizer, which means it reduces brittleness and increases ductility when added to certain types of resins.

Triethylene glycolfinds use in laboratories for various purposes.
Triethylene glycol can be used as a solvent for chemical reactions, extractions, and chromatography.
Triethylene glycols properties make it suitable for sample preparation and analysis in research and analytical laboratories.

Triethylene glycol is employed in the formulation of adhesives and sealants.
Triethylene glycol can serve as a solvent or plasticizer, helping to improve the workability, flexibility, and durability of these products.
Triethylene glycol is used in the production of construction materials such as cement and grouts.

Triethylene glycol can help enhance the workability, flow, and setting properties of these materials.
Triethylene glycolis sometimes incorporated into metalworking fluids, which are used in machining and cutting operations.
Triethylene glycol helps cool and lubricate the metal surfaces, reducing friction and improving tool life.

Triethylene glycolmay be used in pharmaceutical formulations as a solvent or co-solvent.
It can aid in solubilizing certain drugs and assist in drug delivery systems.
Triethylene glycol has a high flash point, emits no toxic vapors, and is not absorbed through the skin.

Triethylene glycol is used in the following products: inks and toners, coating products, heat transfer fluids, lubricants and greases and hydraulic fluids.
Other release to the environment of Triethylene glycol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Triethylene glycol can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys) and wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys).
Triethylene glycol monomethyl ether can be used as a reagent and solvent for applications such as: modification of anthraquinone material for redox flow batteriespreparation of polymeric electrolyte for electrochemical devices,formation of the binary system of polyethylene glycol for absorption of silica.

Triethylene glycol can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators.
One of the most popular materials triethylene glycol is used for as a plasticizer is vinyl polymers.

Materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinyl butyral are commonly made using triethylene glycol.
This makes triethylene glycol a key ingredient in items such as automotive parts and coatings.
Triethylene glycol is sometimes used as an additive in gasoline and diesel fuel formulations.

It can improve the combustion characteristics, enhance fuel stability, and reduce emissions.
Triethylene glycol is utilized in the electronics industry to control moisture levels during the manufacturing and storage of electronic components.
Triethylene glycol helps prevent moisture-related damage and ensures the integrity and reliability of electronic devices.

Triethylene glycolis used as an additive in the production of tobacco products such as cigarettes and cigars.
It helps maintain moisture levels and preserve the freshness of the tobacco.

Triethylene glycol, as a solvent to prepare superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for in situ protein purification.
As an absorbent agent in the subsea natural gas dehydration process.
Triethylene glycol is used as a plasticizer, as an additive for hydraulic fluids and brake fluids, and as a disinfectant.

Triethylene glycol is an active component of certain pigments, printing dyes, inks and paste.
Triethylene glycol finds application as a liquid desiccant and used in the dehydration of natural gas, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and air conditioning systems.
Triethylene glycol plays as an important role in anti-freeze and de-icing products, cleaning and furnishing care products, lubricant and greases.

Triethylene glycol is widely used as an excellent dehydrating agent for natural gas, oilfield associated gas and carbon dioxide; Used as solvent for nitrocellulose, rubber, resin, grease, paint, pesticide, etc; Used as air bactericide; Used as triethylene glycol ester plasticizer for PVC, polyvinyl acetate resin, glass fiber and asbestos pressing board; Used as anti drying agent of tobacco, fiber lubricant and desiccant of natural gas; It is also used in organic synthesis, such as the production of brake oil with high boiling point and good low temperature performance.
Triethylene glycol can be used in gas chromatography as extractant.

Triethylene glycol is employed in the sweetening or purification of natural gas.
Triethylene glycol helps remove acidic gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which can be corrosive or undesirable in gas pipelines and end-use applications.
Triethylene glycol is utilized in cosmetics and personal care products such as moisturizers, lotions, and soaps.

Triethylene glycol helps retain moisture and keeps the skin hydrated.
Triethylene glycol acts as a desiccant in air conditioning systems, reducing the humidity in the air to enhance cooling efficiency and prevent condensation.
Triethylene glycol is used as a solvent for dyes, inks, and pigments in industries such as printing and textile manufacturing.

Triethylene glycol helps dissolve and disperse colorants effectively.
Triethylene glycol is employed in gas conditioning processes to remove impurities such as sulfur compounds from natural gas, making it suitable for transportation and commercial use.
Triethylene glycol serves as a precursor or intermediate in the production of various chemicals, including polyester resins, polyurethanes, plasticizers, and synthetic lubricants.

Triethylene glycol is used as a deicing agent for aircraft and runways.
Triethylene glycols low freezing point and ability to mix with water make it effective in preventing ice formation.
Triethylene glycol acts as a preservative in certain products, extending their shelf life and preventing microbial growth.

Triethylene glycol is used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and other formulations.
Triethylene glycol serves as a heat transfer fluid in industrial processes that require controlled and efficient heat transfer, such as in heating systems and chemical reactors.
Triethylene glycol helps remove water vapor from the gas stream, preventing the formation of hydrates that can cause blockages in pipelines and equipment.

Triethylene glycol is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers.
Triethylene glycol is used by the oil and gas industry to "dehydrate" natural gas.
It may also be used to dehydrate other gases, including CO2, H2S, and other oxygenated gases.

Triethylene glycol is necessary to dry natural gas to a certain point, as humidity in natural gas can cause pipelines to freeze, and create other problems for end users of the natural gas.
Triethylene glycol is placed into contact with natural gas, and strips the water out of the gas.
Triethylene glycol is heated to a high temperature and put through a condensing system, which removes the water as waste and reclaims the Triethylene glycol for continuous reuse within the system.

The waste Triethylene glycol produced by this process has been found to contain enough benzene to be classified as hazardous waste (benzene concentration greater than 0.5 mg/L).
Triethylene glycol is a solvent prepared from ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol.

Triethylene glycol can be used: To prepare fatty acid gelators, which are used to gelate various edible and vegetable oils.
The triethylene glycol can then be continually reused, although the by-product of benzene needs to be disposed of carefully.

Safety Profile:
Triethylene glycol can cause irritation to the skin and eyes upon direct contact.
Prolonged or repeated exposure to TEG may lead to redness, itching, and dermatitis.
Eye contact with TEG can result in irritation, redness, and potential damage to the eyes.

Under normal conditions of use, Triethylene Glycol (TEG) is not expected to cause irritation to the skin, eyes or respiratory tract.
However, in applications where vapours or mists are created, inhalation may cause irritation to the respiratory system.
Triethylene glycol is not flammable, unless preheated.

Ingestion hazards:
Swallowing Triethylene glycol can cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Ingestion of large amounts or high concentrations of TEG may result in more severe health effects.
Triethylene glycol can be harmful if inhaled in high concentrations or for extended periods.

Inhalation of Triethylene glycol vapor or mist may cause respiratory irritation, coughing, difficulty breathing, and throat irritation.
Triethylene glycol is important to ensure adequate ventilation and use respiratory protection when working with Triethylene glycol in environments with high vapor concentrations.

Environmental Impact:
Triethylene glycol can be toxic to aquatic organisms.
Spills or releases of Triethylene glycol into waterways or the environment should be avoided, as it can have harmful effects on aquatic life.

Synonyms:
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL
112-27-6
Triglycol
2,2'-(Ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))diethanol
Trigen
Triethylenglykol
2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol
Triethyleneglycol
2,2'-Ethylenedioxydiethanol
1,2-Bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane
2,2'-(Ethylenedioxy)diethanol
2,2'-Ethylenedioxybis(ethanol)
3,6-Dioxaoctane-1,8-diol
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol
Di-beta-hydroxyethoxyethane
Glycol bis(hydroxyethyl) ether
Trigol
Caswell No. 888
Ethanol, 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-
Triethylene glcol
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether
2,2'-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)]diethanol
Bis(2-hydroxyethoxyethane)
TEG
Ethanol, 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)di-
2,2'-(1,2-Ethanediylbis(oxy))bisethanol
NSC 60758
HSDB 898
Triethylenglykol [Czech]
Ethylene glycol-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl ether)
EINECS 203-953-2
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 083501
BRN 0969357
CCRIS 8926
2-[2-(2-HYDROXY-ETHOXY)-ETHOXY]-ETHANOL
119438-10-7
DTXSID4021393
UNII-3P5SU53360
CHEBI:44926
AI3-01453
NSC-60758
MACROGOL 150
3P5SU53360
PEG-3
3,6-Dioxa-1,8-octanediol
Di-.beta.-hydroxyethoxyethane
DTXCID601393
Ethanol, 2,2'-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy))bis-
EC 203-953-2
4-01-00-02400 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
NCGC00163798-03
2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol
103734-98-1
122784-99-0
137800-98-7
145112-98-7
2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(ethan-1-ol)
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL (USP-RS)
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL [USP-RS]
MFCD00081839
2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol
CAS-112-27-6
2-(2-(2-HYDROXY-ETHOXY)-ETHOXY)-ETHANOL
OH-PEG3-OH
Trigenos
triethylenglycol
Trithylne glycol
triethylene-glycol
Triethyleneglycol,
Tri-ethylene glycol
3,8-diol
TEG (CHRIS Code)
TEG (GLYCOL)
Triethylene glycol, puriss.
SCHEMBL14929
WLN: Q2O2O2Q
AMY375
di(2-ethylbutyrate), diacetate
Ethanol,2'-(ethylenedioxy)di-
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL [MI]
CHEMBL1235259
Triethylene Glycol Reagent Grade
1,8-dihydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctane
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL [HSDB]
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL [INCI]
2, 2'- (ethylenedioxy)diethanol
2,2' - (ethylenedioxy)diethanol
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIMALEATE
NSC60758
STR02345
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL [WHO-DD]
Tox21_112073
Tox21_202440
Tox21_300306
LS-550
MFCD00002880
MFCD01779596
MFCD01779599
MFCD01779601
MFCD01779603
MFCD01779605
MFCD01779609
MFCD01779611
MFCD01779612
MFCD01779614
MFCD01779615
MFCD01779616
STL282716
AKOS000120013
Triethylene Glycol (Industrial Grade)
CS-W018156
DB02327
HY-W017440
USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 083501
NCGC00163798-01
NCGC00163798-02
NCGC00163798-04
NCGC00163798-05
NCGC00163798-06
NCGC00254097-01
NCGC00259989-01
1,2-DI(BETA-HYDROXYETHOXY)ETHANE
2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol #
BP-21036
OCTANE-1,8-DIOL, 3,6-DIOXA-
Triethylene glycol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
Ethanol,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-
FT-0652416
FT-0659862
T0428
EN300-19916
2,2'-(1,2-Ethanediyl bis (oxy))-bisethanol
F71165
2,2'-(Ethylendioxy)diethanol (Triethylenglykol)
Etanol, 2,2'-[1,2-Etanodiilbis (oxi)] bis-
ETHYLENE GLYCOL-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER
Triethylene glycol, SAJ first grade, >=96.0%
ETHYLENE GLYCOL-BIS-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER
Q420630
SR-01000944720
Triethylene glycol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
J-506706
SR-01000944720-1
ETHANOL, 2,2'-(1,2-ETHANEDIYLBIS (OXY))BIS-

Triethylene Glycol Properties Chemical formula C6H14O4 Molar mass 150.174 g·mol−1 Appearance Colorless liquid Density 1.1255 g/mL Melting point −7 °C (19 °F; 266 K) Boiling point 285 °C (545 °F; 558 K) Properties Triethylene glycol is a member of a homologous series of dihydroxy alcohols. It is a colorless, odorless and stable liquid with high viscosity and a high boiling point. Apart from its use as a raw material in the manufacture and synthesis of other products, Triethylene glycol is known for its hygroscopic quality and its ability to dehumidify fluids. This liquid is miscible with water, and at a pressure of 101.325 kPa has a boiling point of 286.5 °C and a freezing point of -7 °C. It is also soluble in ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine, aldehydes; slightly soluble in diethyl ether; and insoluble in oil, fat and most hydrocarbons. Preparation Triethylene glycol is prepared commercially as a co-product of the oxidation of ethylene at high temperature in the presence of silver oxide catalyst, followed by hydration of ethylene oxide to yield mono(one)-, di(two)-, tri(three)- and tetraethylene glycols. Applications Triethylene glycol is used by the oil and gas industry to "dehydrate" natural gas. It may also be used to dehydrate other gases, including CO2, H2S, and other oxygenated gases. It is necessary to dry natural gas to a certain point, as humidity in natural gas can cause pipelines to freeze, and create other problems for end users of the natural gas. Triethylene glycol is placed into contact with natural gas, and strips the water out of the gas. Triethylene glycol is heated to a high temperature and put through a condensing system, which removes the water as waste and reclaims the Triethylene glycol for continuous reuse within the system. The waste Triethylene glycol produced by this process has been found to contain enough benzene to be classified as hazardous waste (benzene concentration greater than 0.5 mg/L). Triethylene glycol is well established as a relatively mild disinfectant toward a variety of bacteria, influenza A viruses and spores of Penicillium notatum fungi. However, its exceptionally low toxicity, broad materials compatibility, and low odor combined with its antimicrobial properties indicates that it approaches the ideal for air disinfection purposes in occupied spaces. Much of the scientific work with triethylene glycol was done in the 1940s and 1950s, however that work has ably demonstrated the antimicrobial activity against airborne, solution suspension, and surface bound microbes. The ability of triethylene glycol to inactivate Streptococcus pneumoniae (original citation: pneumococcus Type I), Streptococcus pyogenes (original citation: Beta hemolytic streptococcus group A) and Influenza A virus in the air was first reported in 1943. Since the first report the following microorganisms have been reported in the literature to be inactivated in the air: Penicillium notatum spores, Chlamydophila psittaci (original citation: meningopneumonitis virus strain Cal 10 and psittacosis virus strain 6BC), Group C streptococcus, type 1 pneumococcus, Staphylococcus albus, Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcescens Bizio (ATCC 274). Solutions of triethylene glycol are known to be antimicrobial toward suspensions of Penicillium notatum spores, Streptococcus pyogenes (original citation: Beta hemolytic streptococcus Group A ), Streptococcus pneumoniae (original citation: pneumococcus Type I), Streptococcus viridans, and Mycobacterium bovis (original citation: tubercle bacilli Ravenel bovine-type). Further, the inactivation of H1N1 influenza A virus on surfaces has been demonstrated. The latter investigation suggests that triethylene glycol may prove to be a potent weapon against future influenza epidemics and pandemics. However, at least some viruses, including Pseudomonas phage phi6 become more infectious when treated with triethylene glycol. Molar Mass: 150.17 g/mol CAS #: 112-27-6 Hill Formula: C₆H₁₄O₄ Chemical Formula: HO(CH₂CH₂O)₃H EC Number: 203-953-2 Four male albino rats weighing 112 to 145 g were given a single oral dose of 22.5 mg randomly radiolabeled 14-C-triethylene glycol. The rats were then placed in a metabolic chamber in which urine, feces, and expired air were collected over a period of 5 days. The radioactivity recovered (in percent of the administered dose) amounted to 0.8 to 1.2% in expired air, 2.0 to 5.3% in feces, and 86.1 to 94.0% in urine. The total recovery of radioactivity was 90.6% to 98.3% of the administered dose. Following oral dosing, the rat and rabbit excreted most of the triethylene glycol in both unchanged and/or oxidized forms (mono- and dicarboxylic acid derivatives of triethylene glycol). In rabbits dosed with 200 or 2000 mg/kg triethylene glycol respectively excreted 34.3% or 28%, of the administered dose in the urine as unchanged triethylene glycol and 35.2% as a hydroxyacid form of this chemical. In the studies with rats, little if any 14-C-oxalate or 14-C-triethylene glycol in conjugated form was found in the urine. Trace amounts of orally administered 14-C triethylene glycol were excreted in expired air as carbon dioxide (<1%) and in detectable amounts in feces (2 to 5 %). The total elimination of radioactivity (urine, feces and CO2) during the five day period following an oral dose of labeled compound (22.5 mg) ranged from 91 to 98%. The majority of the radioactivity appeared in the urine. Uses: Antifreeze Coolants Chemical intermediates Gas dehydration and treating Heat transfer fluids Polyester resins Solvents Benefits: Versatile intermediates Low volatility Low boiling point TETRA EG is completely miscible with water and a wide range of organic solvents. No studies have been reported dealing with the skin absorption of triethylene glycol. Although it is possible that under conditions of very severe prolonged exposures to this chemical, absorption through the skin can occur, it is doubtful any appreciable systemic/dermal injury would occur because triethylene glycol has (1) a low order of dermal irritancy, (2) is not a dermal sensitizer, and (3) showed no evidence of dermal or systemic toxicity following repeated dermal applications of 2 mL (approximately 600 mg/kg) triethylene glycol applied to the skin of rabbits in a 21-day dermal toxicity study. Two female New Zealand white rabbits triethylene glycol by stomach tube. Urine from the dosed animals was subsequently collected for 24 hrs. Rabbits dosed with 200 or 2,000 mg/kg respectively excreted 34.3% or 28% of the dose amount as unchanged triethylene glycol. The urine of one rabbit contained 35.2% of the administered dose as a hydroxyacid form of triethylene glycol. Triethylene glycol is believed to be metabolized in mammals by alcohol dehydrogenase to acidic products causing metabolic acidosis. Triethylene glycol metabolism by alcohol dehydrogenase can be inhibited by 4-methyl pyrazole or ethanol. Triethylene glycol is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a preservative for food packaging adhesives ... . Currently, however, there are no EPA registered products for this use. Triethylene glycol /is also approved as/ an indirect food additive for its use as a plasticizer in cellophane. Used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of iodoxamic acid; rosin ester gum; triethylene glycol bis(3-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-propionate); triethylene glycol diacetate; triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; triethylene glycol dinitrate; triethylene glycol dipelargonate. Commercial grade triethylene glycol has been found to contain <1 ppm dioxane. Twenty-six samples of 99.9% pure triethylene glycol were found to contain 0.02 to 0.13% diethylene glycol. After years of study, triethylene glycol was found to be the ideal chemical for aerial disinfection in sterile filling units because it had a high bactericidal potency at reasonable cost and was non-toxic. It was most effective at relative humidities of 30 to 55% and the rate of kill increased with temperature and degree of saturation of air with the vapor. Triethylene glycol is described as an oligomer of ethylene glycol. So-called polyglycols are higher molecular weight adducts of ethylene oxide and distinguised by intervening ether linkages in the hydrocarbon chain. Method: NIOSH 5523, Issue 1; Procedure: gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector; Analyte: triethylene glycol; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 14 ug/sample. Triethylene glycol has been determined by gas chromatography-mass spectormetry and gas-liquid chromatography. Triethylene glycol has been measured in rat and rabbit urine using vapor phase chromatography and colorimetry. Residues of triethylene glycol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a deactivator in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Residues of triethylene glycol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a deactivator in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. The Agency has determined triethylene glycol is eligible for reregistration. Based on the available data, the Agency has concluded that triethylene glycol exhibits low toxicity and exposures to triethylene glycol used as both an active or inert ingredient do not present risks of concern to the Agency. Therefore, no mitigation measures are necessary at this time. As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Triethylene glycol is found on List C. Case No: 3146; Pesticide type: insecticide, fungicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the RED document.; Active ingredient (AI): triethylene glycol; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 9/30/92; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide have made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner. Triethylene glycol is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. Triethylene glycol (TEG) is a liquid higher glycol of very low vapor pressure with uses that are primarily industrial. It has a very low order of acute toxicity by iv, ip, peroral, percutaneous and inhalation (vapor and aerosol) routes of exposure. It does not produce primary skin iritation. Acute eye contact with the liquid causes mild local transient irritation (conjunctival hyperemia and slight chemosis) but does not induce corneal injury. Animal maximization and human volunteer repeated insult patch tests studies have shown that TEG does not cause skin sensitization. A study with Swiss-Webster mice demonstrated that TEG aerosol has properties of a peripheral chemosensory irritant material and caused a depression of breathing rate with an RD(50) of 5140 mg/ cu m. Continuous subchronic peroral dosing of TEG in the diet of rats did not produce any systemic cumulative or long-term toxicity. The effects seen were dose-related increased relative kidney weight, increased urine volume and decreased urine pH, probably a result of the renal excretion of TEG and metabolites following the absorption of large doses of TEG. There was also decreased hemoglobin concentration, decreased hematocrit and increased mean corpuscular volume, probably due to hemodilution following absorption of TEG. The NOAEL was 20,000 ppm TEG in diet. Short-term repeated aerosol exposure studies in the rat demonstrated that, by nose-only exposure, the threshold for effects by respiratory tract exposure was 1036 mg/cu m. Neither high dosage acute nor repeated exposures to TEG produce hepatorenal injury characteristic of that caused by the lower glycol homologues. Elimination studies with acute peroral doses of TEG given to rats and rabbits showed high recoveries (91-98% over 5 days), with the major fraction appearing in urine (84-94%) and only 1% as carbon dioxide. TEG in urine is present in unchanged and oxidized forms, but only negligible amounts as oxalic acid. Developmental toxicity studies with undiluted TEG given by gavage produced maternal toxicity in rats (body weight, food consumption, water consumption, and relative kidney weight) with a NOEL of 1126 mg/kg/day, and mice (relative kidney weight) with a NOEL of 5630 mg/kg/day. Developmental toxicity, expressed as fetotoxicity, had a NOEL of 5630 mg/kg/day with the rat and 563 mg/kg/day with mice. Neither species showed any evidence of embryotoxicity or teratogenicity. There was no evidence for reproductive toxicity with mice given up to 3% TEG in drinking water in a continuous breeding study. TEG did not produce mutagenic or clastogenic effects in the following in vitro genetic toxicology studies: Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation test, SOS-chromotest in E. coli, CHO forward gene mutation test (HGPRT locus), CHO sister chromatid exchange test, and a chromosome aberration test with CHO cells. The use patterns suggest that exposure to TEG is mainly occupational, with limited exposures by consumers. Exposure is normally by skin and eye contact. Local and systemic adverse health effects by cutaneous exposure are likely not to occur, and eye contact will produce transient irritation without corneal injury. The very low vapor pressure of TEG makes it unlikely that significant vapor exposure will occur. Aerosol exposure is not a usual exposure mode, and acute aerosol exposures are unlikely to be harmful, although a peripheral sensory irritant effect may develop. However, repeated exposures to a TEG aerosol may result in respiratory tract irritation, with cough, shortness of breath and tightness of the chest. Recommended protective and precautionary measures include protective gloves, goggles or safety glasses and mechanical room ventilation. LC(50) data to various fish, aquatic invertebrates and algae, indicate that TEG is essentially nontoxic to aquatic organisms. Also, sustained exposure studies have demonstrated that TEG is of a low order of chronic aquatic toxicity. The bioconcentration potential, environmental hydrolysis, and photolysis rates are low, and soil mobility high. In the atmosphere TEG is degraded by reacting with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. These considerations indicate that the potential for ecotoxicological effects with TEG is low. A 23-yr-old woman was brought to an emergency room after intentionally ingesting one gulp (volume unspecified) of ... brake fluid. ...The patient was given milk to drink by her family and subsequently vomited. Upon arrival to the emergency room, she was unconscious and had metabolic acidoses (pH 7.03, PCO2 44 mmHg, bicarbonate 11 mmol/L, anion gap 30 mmol/L, serum creatinine 90 umol/L). She was intubated and given 100 mmol of iv sodium bicarbonate. Triethylene glycol is thought to be metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to acidic products resulting in metabolic acidosis. To act as a competitor of the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme, ethanol was administered to maintain a serum ethanol level of 100 mg/dL. The blood pH returned to normal over the next 8 hrs, and ethanol infusion was continued for 22 hr. At 36 hr post ingestion, the patient was discharged to a psychiatric ward. Analysis of blood drawn upon admission did not detect the presence of ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol... . The above case study described the... brake fluid as 99.9% triethylene glycol. The material safety data sheet for /this brand of/ brake fluid, however, lists its ingredients as 30-60% polyglycol ethers; 30-60% borate of triethylene glycol monomethyl ether; 30-60% polyglycol; 0-10% corrosion inhibitor; and 0-10% dye. The metabolism of triethylene glycol was evaluated in groups of rats (number and sex not reported) orally administered (gavage or diet not specified) 1.2 g/kg. The proportion of the dose that was excreted in the urine unchanged was 59% and 3.8% at days 1 and 2 post-dosing, respectively. The procedure for recovery of triethylene glycol from the urine was not reported. No metabolites of the test compound were identified. A perinatal/postnatal teratology study was conducted with 50 pregnant Specific Pathogen Free CD-1 albino mice administered triethylene glycol by oral gavage at a dose level of 11270 mg/kg/day (the maximum tolerated dose calculated from a previous study) on gestation days 7-14. Mortality was not observed and no pharmacotoxic signs were observed except for a roughened haircoat in 1 animal. Statistical analysis were determined by the Student's t-test (p<0.05). The mean maternal body weights and the mean weight change (Day 18-7) were significantly lower than control values. Mean pup counts and offspring viability were similiar to controls. Although mean pup weights were significantly lower than the control weights at birth, mean pup weights at day 3 were comparable to controls. No apparent adverse effects on reproductive or neonatal outcome were observed. Gross necropsy observations were not reported. Reproductive toxicity was evaluated in groups of 10 pregnant Charles River CD female mice receiving an oral gavage dose of triethylene glycol at 10 ml/kg body weight on gestation days 7 through 14. Maternal mortality was approximatedly 4% of the test group. Clinical observations and gross necropsy were not reported. There was a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the number of live pups per litter, reduced survival, and reduced birth weight among offspring of treated dams. Triethylene glycol's production and use a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics, as a solvent, plasticizer in vinyl, polyester and polyurethane resins, as a humectant in printing inks, and in the dehydration of natural gas may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a bacteriostat and as an inert ingredient to facilitate delivery of formulated pesticide products will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.32X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates triethylene glycol will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase triethylene glycol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hours. Alcohols and ethers do not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore triethylene glycol is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, triethylene glycol is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 10. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole. River die-away test data demonstrate that biodegradation is likely to be the most important removal mechanism of triethylene glycol from aerobic soil and water; complete degradation in river die-away studies required 7-11 days. If released into water, triethylene glycol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to triethylene glycol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where triethylene glycol is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to triethylene glycol via inhalation of ambient air, and dermal contact with products containing triethylene glycol. Triethylene glycol's production and use as a solvent, plasticizer in vinyl, polyester and polyurethane resins, as a humectant in printing inks, in the dehydration of natural gas(1) and as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a bacteriostat and as an inert ingredient to facilitate delivery of formulated pesticide products(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC). Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that triethylene glycol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of triethylene glycol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Triethylene glycol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.32X10-3 mm Hg(4). A series of aerobic river die-away tests which utilized several different sources of freshwater, suggest that rapid biodegradation is likely to be the most important removal mechanism of triethylene glycol from aerobic soil(SRC); degradation was complete within 7-11 days(5). Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that triethylene glycol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -1.75(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A series of aerobic river die-away tests, which utilized several differing sources of freshwater, suggest that rapid aerobic biodegradation is likely to be the most important removal mechanism of triethylene glycol from aquatic systems(SRC); degradation was complete within 7-11 days(8). According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), triethylene glycol, which has a vapor pressure of 1.32X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase triethylene glycol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Alcohols and ethers do not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore triethylene glycol is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4). Aerobic river die-away tests, utilizing several different sources of freshwater, have demonstrated that triethylene glycol should biodegrade rapidly in the environment(1). At 20 °C, the degradation of 10 mg/L triethylene glycol was complete within 7-11 days(1). 25 to 92% of the theoretical BOD was reached within 4 weeks incubation during the MITI test using a sludge inoculum; these results were on an upward trend by the end of the test(2) indicating that acclimation may be important for this compound(SRC). Triethylene glycol degraded 85% of theoretical BOD (1.6 gm/gm) after 20 days at 20 °C(3). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of triethylene glycol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 11 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Triethylene glycol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2,3). Alcohols and ethers do not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore triethylene glycol is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4). An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for triethylene glycol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -1.75(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The Henry's Law constant for triethylene glycol is estimated as 3.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that triethylene glycol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Triethylene glycol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.32X10-3 mm Hg(3). Triethylene glycol was found in 5 of 25 aerosol samples taken from a light house site in northeastern Puerto Rico, and was identified in a sample taken 30 miles off the south coast(1). NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 233,613 workers (53,367 of these are female) are potentially exposed to triethylene glycol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to triethylene glycol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where triethylene glycol is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to triethylene glycol via inhalation of ambient air, and dermal contact with products containing triethylene glycol(SRC). Application Triethylene glycol can be used: • To prepare fatty acid gelators, which are used to gelate various edible and vegetable oils. • As a solvent to prepare superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for in situ protein purification. • As an absorbent agent in the subsea natural gas dehydration process. Triethylene glycol (TEG) is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slight odor. It is non-flammable, mildly toxic, and considered non-hazardous. TEG is a member of a homologous series of dihydroxy alcohols. It is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers as well as in the manufacture of air sanitizer and other consumer products. Triethylene Glycol (TEG) is a liquid chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H14O4 or HOCH2CH2CH2O2CH2OH. Its CAS is 112-27-6. TEG is recognized for its hygroscopic quality and ability to dehumidify fluids. It is miscible with water and soluble in ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine, and aldehydes. It is slightly soluble in diethyl ether, and insoluble in oil, fat, and most hydrocarbons. TEG is commercially produced as a co-product of the oxidation of ethylene at a high temperature in the presence of silver oxide catalyst, followed by hydration of ethylene oxide to yield mono, di, tri, and tetraethylene glycols. The oil and gas industries use TEG to dehydrate natural gas as well as other gases including CO2, H2S, and other oxygenated gases. Industrial uses include adsorbents and absorbents, functional fluids in both closed and open systems, Intermediates, petroleum production processing aids, and solvents. TEG is used in the manufacture of a host of consumer products that include anti-freeze, automotive care products, building and construction materials, cleaning and furnishing care products, fabric, textile, and leather products, fuels and related products, lubricants and greases, paints and coatings, personal care products, and plastic and rubber products. Triethylene Glycol is widely used as a solvent. It has a high flash point, emits no toxic vapors, and is not absorbed through the skin. Characteristics Triethylene glycol is viscous at room temperature. It is colorless, odorless, and sweet-tasting. It is miscible in water in all ratios. Triethylene Glycol (TEG) is a larger molecule than MEG, DEG and has two ether groups. It is less clear and less hygroscopic than DEG, but has a higher boiling point, density and viscosity. PROPERTIES Triethylene glycol is a member of a homologous series of dihydroxy alcohols. It is a colorless, odorless and stable liquid with high viscosity and a high boiling point. Apart from its use as a raw material in the manufacture and synthesis of other products, triethylene glycol is known for its hygroscopic quality and its ability to dehumidify fluids. This liquid is miscible with water, and at a pressure of 101.325 kPa has a boiling point of 286.5°C and a freezing point of -7°C. Triethylene glycol (TEG) is a liquid chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H14O4. Triethylene glycol is recognized for its hygroscopic quality and ability to dehumidify fluids. It is miscible with water and soluble in ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine, and aldehydes. It is slightly soluble in diethyl ether, and insoluble in oil, fat, and most hydrocarbons. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL Triethylene glycol’s molecule formula: C6-H14-O4 Triethylene glycol’s molecular weight: 150.17 Triethylene glycol’s colour/form: colourless, liquid Triethylene glycol’s odor: practically odorless Triethylene glycol’s boiling point: 285°C; 165 °C at 14 mm Hg Triethylene glycol’s melting point: -7°C Triethylene glycol’s density: 1.1274 at 15°C/4 °C Triethylene glycol’s heat of vaporization: 61.04 kJ/mol at 101.3 kPa /=760 mm Hg/ Triethylene glycol’s octanol/water partition coefficient: log Kow = -1.98 Triethylene glycol’s solubility: Miscible with alcohol, benzene, toluene; sparingly sol in ether; practically insol in petroleum ether. Soluble in oxygenated solvents. Slightly soluble in ethyl ether, chloroform; insoluble in petroleum ether. In water, miscible. Triethylene glycol’s vapor pressure: 1.32X10-3 mm Hg at 25°C (est) Triethylene glycol’s viscosity: 47.8 cP at 20°C Triethylene glycol’s flash point: 350°F (177°C) (Open cup) Triethylene glycol’s flammable limits: Lower flammable limit: 0.9% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 9.2% by volume Triethylene glycol’s autoignition temperature: 700°F (371°C) PREPARATIONS OF TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL Triethylene glycol is prepared commercially as a co-product of the oxidation of ethylene at high temperature in the presence of silver oxide catalyst, followed by hydration of ethylene oxide to yield mono(one)-, di(two)-, tri(three)- and tetraethylene glycols. METHODS OF MANUFACTURING OF TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL Prepared from ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol in presence of sulfuric acid ... manufactured by forming ether-ester of hydroxyacetic acid with glycol and then hydrogenating. Produced commercially as by-product of ethylene glycol production. Triethylene glycol's formation is favored by a high ethylene oxide to water ratio. Diethylene glycol + ethylene oxide (epoxidation) Ethylene glycol monoethers are usually produced by reaction of ethylene oxide with the appropriate alcohol. A mixture of homologues is obtained. The glycol monoethers can be converted to diethers by alkylation with common alkylating agents, such as dimethyl sulfate or alkyl halides (Williamson synthesis). Glycol dimethyl ethers are formed by treatment of dimethyl ether with ethylene oxide.

Trigen; Triglycol; TEG; 2,2'-ethylenediqxybis(ethanol); 3,6-Dioxa-1,8-octanediol; Glycol Bis(Hydroxyethyl) Ether; Di-beta-Hydroxyethoxyethane; 1,2-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane; 3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diol; 2,2'-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)) bisethanol; ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether; Trigol; Ethylene glycol-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) ether; 1,2-Bis(2-hydroxy)ethane; Ethylene glycal-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl ether); cas no: 112-27-6

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C8H18O4.
Its systematic IUPAC name is "2-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol."
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is a member of the glycol ether family, which includes various organic compounds used in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is commonly used as a solvent, a coupling agent in paints and coatings, and in the production of cleaning and degreasing products.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be found under various trade names and is valued for its ability to dissolve a variety of substances and improve the performance of various formulations.

CAS Number: 112-50-5
EC Number: 203-953-2

APPLICATIONS

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is widely used as a solvent in the paint and coatings industry, helping to dissolve and disperse pigments and resins.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether enhances the flow and leveling properties of paints, contributing to a smoother and more even coating.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is found in water-based paints and varnishes, where it serves as a coalescing agent to improve film formation.
In the ink industry, it is used as a solvent in ink formulations for inkjet printers and other applications.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether contributes to ink stability, color vibrancy, and print quality.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is a key component in the formulation of adhesives, providing suitable viscosity and bonding properties.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in cleaning and degreasing agents for removing oils, greases, and contaminants from various surfaces.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether serves as a degreasing solvent in industrial maintenance, automotive, and machinery cleaning applications.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is employed in the formulation of wood finishes and wood coatings, enhancing the finish's appearance and durability.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is utilized in the textile industry as a dye carrier, ensuring even and vibrant coloration during dyeing and printing.
In the construction sector, it can be used in cement admixtures and concrete additives for improved workability.
The slow evaporation rate of Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is advantageous in coatings that require extended working times.
In the manufacturing of adhesives and sealants, it aids in maintaining the desired consistency and flow.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be found in the production of industrial and household cleaning products, improving their cleaning performance.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used as a coalescing agent in latex paint formulations, facilitating film formation and paint durability.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is valued in the automotive industry for its contribution to the quality and adhesion of automotive coatings.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether serves as a solvent for the formulation of oil and gas drilling fluids, assisting in drilling operations.
In the cosmetic and personal care industry, it can be used in the production of various products such as lotions, creams, and hair care items.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is employed as a coupling agent in pesticide formulations, enhancing the effectiveness of active ingredients.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used as a carrier solvent in the formulation of specialty chemicals and agrochemical products.
In the electronics industry, it can be used in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards and electronics cleaning solutions.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is an ingredient in the production of specialty coatings for applications in aerospace and marine environments.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can serve as a carrier solvent for the formulation of fragrance products, air fresheners, and deodorizers.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether's versatility and compatibility make it a valuable component in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications.
In the printing and packaging industry, it is used in the formulation of printing inks, ensuring high-quality prints on various substrates.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in the production of household and industrial cleaners to enhance their cleaning and degreasing capabilities.
In the pharmaceutical industry, it can be used as a solvent for certain drug formulations.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is employed as a coalescing agent in latex and water-based paints, improving film formation and durability.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be found in wood stains and sealers, where it enhances wood protection and appearance.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in the formulation of automotive detailing products such as polishes and waxes.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is a valuable ingredient in rust removers and rust preventatives, aiding in rust dissolution and prevention.
In the production of pet grooming products, Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be used in shampoos and conditioners for pets.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether serves as a cleaning agent in the electronics industry for the removal of flux residues and contaminants.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is found in drilling muds and drilling fluids for its lubricating and cooling properties in the oil and gas sector.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in metalworking fluids for machining and metal cutting applications, improving lubrication.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be employed in the formulation of hydraulic fluids, contributing to their viscosity and stability.
In the rubber and tire industry, it can be used in the manufacturing of tire dressing and rubber conditioners.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether serves as a wetting and leveling agent in the production of floor and concrete coatings.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used as a dispersant in pesticide and herbicide formulations, enhancing their effectiveness.

In the printing industry, it is used as a solvent for lithographic inks and screen printing inks.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is an ingredient in corrosion inhibitors for protecting metal surfaces from rust and corrosion.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be used as a component in leather finishing products, improving texture and appearance.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is employed in the production of adhesion promoters used in bonding applications.

In the automotive care industry, Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be found in products such as wheel cleaners and tire shines.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in the formulation of specialty coatings for architectural and industrial applications.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is an ingredient in air fresheners, room sprays, and odor control products.
In the pulp and paper industry, it is used as a defoamer to reduce foam during paper production.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be employed in the formulation of hydraulic brake fluids to enhance their performance and stability.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is utilized in the creation of specialty inks for marking and coding applications.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can serve as a leveling agent in the production of epoxy flooring and concrete sealers, ensuring even and smooth surfaces.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in the formulation of water-based adhesive products, providing improved adhesive strength and tack.
In the printing industry, it is employed in the production of flexographic printing inks, enhancing print quality on various substrates.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be found in the production of resin-based floor coatings, offering durability and ease of maintenance.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in the creation of wood preservatives to protect wooden structures and surfaces from decay and insects.

In the agriculture industry, Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is utilized in crop protection formulations, helping to disperse and enhance the efficacy of active ingredients.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether serves as a coupling agent in herbicide and pesticide formulations, improving the uniform distribution of the active components.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used as a carrier solvent in the formulation of industrial and institutional cleaning products.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be found in glass and surface cleaners, improving their cleaning and streak-free properties.
In the manufacturing of automotive brake fluids, it enhances the fluid's boiling point and lubrication properties.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in the production of specialty coatings for medical devices, providing biocompatibility and durability.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is employed as a wetting and leveling agent in the formulation of architectural paints and interior wall coatings.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be found in electroplating solutions to aid in the deposition of metal coatings on various substrates.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used as a carrier solvent for rust converters, facilitating the transformation of rust into a stable compound.
In the agrochemical industry, it can be employed in the formulation of seed coatings and soil conditioners.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used as a component in rust penetrants and lubricants for easing the loosening of rusted or stuck parts.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether serves as a wetting agent in the production of inkjet printer inks for improved printing performance.

In the plastic and rubber manufacturing industry, Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be used as a processing aid to enhance plastic extrusion and molding processes.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is utilized in industrial disinfectants and sanitizers, contributing to their cleaning and disinfecting properties.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is an essential ingredient in mold release agents for various molding applications.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be found in fuel system cleaning products, improving fuel system maintenance and performance.

In the petrochemical sector, it is employed in drilling mud formulations for its lubricating and cooling properties during drilling operations.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used as a carrier solvent for fragrances and perfumes, enhancing their olfactory properties.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is found in industrial paint removers, aiding in the removal of paint and coatings from surfaces.
In the construction industry, it is used in sealant formulations, enhancing adhesion and flexibility.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is employed in the production of specialty detergents for industrial and institutional cleaning applications.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in the formulation of screen printing inks, contributing to their adhesion and durability on various substrates.
In the construction industry, it can be added to concrete admixtures to improve workability and reduce water requirements.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether serves as a diluent in the production of epoxy resins and coatings for enhanced flow and self-leveling properties.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is employed as a carrier solvent in the formulation of household and industrial air fresheners and deodorizers.
In the foundry industry, it can be used as a parting compound to facilitate the release of castings from molds.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is found in oilfield chemicals used for drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and oil production operations.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in the formulation of inkjet printer cleaning solutions for printhead maintenance and ink system cleaning.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is employed in the cosmetics industry as a component in makeup removers and facial cleansers.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can serve as a viscosity modifier in the production of gel-based personal care and cosmetic products.

In the agricultural sector, Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in foliar sprays and crop protection products for adhesion and dispersion.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is utilized in the formulation of agricultural adjuvants to improve the effectiveness of pesticides and herbicides.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is found in the production of automotive appearance products such as tire shines and dashboard protectants.

In the plastics industry, Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be used as a plasticizer to improve flexibility and processability.
It is employed as a leveling agent in the formulation of high-gloss and low-VOC coatings.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is found in heat transfer fluids, aiding in the efficient transfer of heat in various industrial processes.

In the printing and packaging industry, it is used in the production of flexographic inks and overprint varnishes.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be added to industrial cleaner formulations for the removal of heavy greases and oils.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is utilized as a solvent in the production of decorative and industrial laminates.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can serve as an anti-icing and de-icing agent for aircraft surfaces and runways.
In the wood industry, Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in the formulation of wood preservatives for protection against fungi and insects.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be found in industrial lubricants and metalworking fluids to enhance cutting and grinding operations.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in the formulation of corrosion inhibitors for protecting metal surfaces in various applications.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is employed in heat-transfer fluids for solar thermal energy systems.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can serve as a wetting agent in the production of inkjet printer inks to improve ink-paper interaction.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is found in the formulation of optical lens cleaners, contributing to cleaning effectiveness and anti-fog properties.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used as a solvent in the formulation of lubricants and cutting oils for metalworking applications, improving machining processes.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be found in hydraulic fluids and brake fluids for its lubricating and viscosity-enhancing properties.

In the formulation of adhesion promoters, Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether aids in the bonding of various materials, including metals, plastics, and rubber.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether serves as a carrier solvent in the production of insect repellents and personal insect protection products.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be employed in mold release agents for the release of molded objects and components.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in the formulation of electroplating solutions to enhance the deposition of metal coatings on various substrates.
In the textile industry, it is utilized as a wetting agent and dye carrier for uniform and efficient dyeing and printing processes.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is found in anti-fogging agents for eyeglasses, goggles, and protective face shields.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can serve as a leveling agent in the formulation of UV-curable coatings, ensuring a smooth and even finish.
In the semiconductor and electronics industry, Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in the manufacturing of microelectronics and chip coatings.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is an essential component in the formulation of paint strippers for the removal of old coatings and paints.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be added to rust converters to facilitate the transformation of rust into a stable and paintable surface.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is employed in the formulation of specialty inks for marking and coding on packaging materials.
In the glass and ceramics industry, it is used as a diluent and dispersant for ceramic glazes and in the glass-making process.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether serves as a coalescing agent in latex caulks and sealants to improve adhesion and film formation.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in the production of rust inhibitors and rust preventatives for long-term corrosion protection.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be found in sealant and adhesive removers to aid in the efficient removal of adhesives and sealants from various surfaces.
In the plastic molding industry, it is employed as a processing aid to improve the extrusion and molding of plastic products.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether serves as a coalescing agent in low-VOC (volatile organic compound) architectural coatings for reduced environmental impact.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in inkjet printer inks for photo printing applications, enhancing image quality and color vibrancy.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be found in cleaning and maintenance products for the aviation and aerospace industries.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for marine and offshore applications.

In the food and beverage industry, Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is employed as an ingredient in food-grade lubricants and release agents.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be used in heat transfer fluids for cooling systems in data centers and industrial facilities.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is found in mold inhibitors for preventing mold and mildew growth on surfaces in humid environments.

DESCRIPTION

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C8H18O4.
Its systematic IUPAC name is "2-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol."
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is a member of the glycol ether family, which includes various organic compounds used in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is commonly used as a solvent, a coupling agent in paints and coatings, and in the production of cleaning and degreasing products.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be found under various trade names and is valued for its ability to dissolve a variety of substances and improve the performance of various formulations.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is an organic compound with the molecular formula C8H18O4.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is a member of the glycol ether family and is also known by the chemical abbreviation "Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether."
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is a clear, colorless liquid with a relatively low odor.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is a versatile solvent with excellent solvency properties, making it useful in various industries.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is characterized by its ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and nonpolar substances.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is commonly used as a solvent in the formulation of paints, varnishes, and coatings.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is valued for its role in improving the flow, dispersion, and stability of pigments and resins in paint formulations.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is known for its slow evaporation rate, which allows for extended working times in coating applications.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be found in water-based paints and coatings as it enhances the spread and leveling properties of the formulations.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is also used in the production of inks, where it contributes to ink stability and viscosity control.
In the cleaning and degreasing industry, Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether serves as an effective component in various cleaning agents.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is utilized as a degreasing solvent for removing oils, greases, and contaminants from surfaces.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is known for its ability to effectively disperse and solubilize various organic and inorganic materials.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is widely used in the formulation of adhesives, providing adhesive products with suitable viscosity and bonding properties.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is employed in the manufacturing of surface coatings, including wood finishes and industrial coatings.

Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether's low volatility and slow evaporation make it valuable in the creation of long-lasting coatings.
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is used in the formulation of inkjet printer inks, contributing to color vibrancy and print quality.

PROPERTIES

Physical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C8H18O4
Molecular Weight: Approximately 194.23 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Relatively low odor
Melting Point: Approximately -65°C (-85°F)
Boiling Point: Approximately 218°C (424°F)
Density: About 1.01 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Highly soluble in water and miscible with many organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: Low at room temperature
Flash Point: Approximately 100°C (212°F) (closed cup)

Chemical Properties:

Chemical Structure: Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is a glycol ether, which contains ethylene oxide and ethyl groups.
Hygroscopicity: Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture from the atmosphere.
Reactivity: Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is generally stable and not highly reactive under normal conditions.
Flammability: Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is not highly flammable but may pose a fire hazard when exposed to open flames or ignition sources.

FIRST AID

Inhalation (Breathing In):

If inhaled, move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
Allow the person to rest and breathe in a comfortable position.
If breathing difficulties persist or if the person becomes unconscious, seek medical attention immediately.
If the person is not breathing and you are trained to do so, perform artificial respiration.
Keep the person warm and comfortable while awaiting medical assistance.

Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and jewelry.
Rinse the affected skin area with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes.
Use mild soap to cleanse the skin gently, if available.
If skin irritation or a rash develops, seek medical attention.
Cover the affected area with a clean, dry bandage or clothing to protect it.

Eye Contact:

If Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether comes into contact with the eyes, immediately rinse the affected eye(s) with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eyelids open and ensure water flows over the eye and underneath the eyelids.
Do not use force to pry open the eyelids if they are stuck together.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if the affected person reports no discomfort.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat or protective clothing when handling Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
Ensure that the PPE is in good condition and provides adequate protection.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area.
If working in an enclosed space, use local exhaust ventilation or wear a suitable respirator if necessary to control airborne exposure.

Avoiding Skin Contact:
Prevent skin contact by wearing appropriate gloves and ensuring that they are impermeable to the chemical.
Avoid touching your face, especially your eyes, while working with Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether.

Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or a full-face shield to protect your eyes from splashes, spills, or airborne droplets of the chemical.

Prevent Inhalation:
Avoid inhaling vapors or mists.
If the workplace lacks adequate ventilation, use a respirator that is approved for use with organic solvents.

No Smoking or Open Flames:
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is flammable.
Do not smoke or use open flames in areas where it is being handled.

Proper Labeling:
Ensure containers are properly labeled with the chemical name and hazard information.
Use clear and durable labels.

Handling Equipment:
Use equipment made of materials that are compatible with Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
Check for leaks or damage in equipment before use.

Spill Response:
Have appropriate spill response measures and materials readily available.
In case of a spill, follow established spill cleanup procedures and use suitable absorbents.

Wash Hands:
Wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, even if gloves have been worn.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while working with the chemical.

Storage:

Container Selection:
Store Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether in containers made of materials that are chemically compatible with the substance.
Commonly used containers include glass, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), or stainless steel.

Sealed Containers:
Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent evaporation and minimize the risk of spills.

Ventilation:
Store Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether in a well-ventilated area or a chemical storage cabinet.
Ensure proper ventilation to disperse any vapors that may accumulate.

Temperature:
Store Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether in a cool, dry place at temperatures below its boiling point to prevent excessive pressure buildup in sealed containers.

Incompatible Substances:
Avoid storing Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether near strong oxidizers, strong acids, or materials that can react with glycol ethers, which may lead to hazardous reactions.

Fire Safety:
Keep Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether away from open flames, sparks, and heat sources to prevent ignition.

Separation from Food and Beverages:
Store Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether away from areas where food, beverages, or utensils are kept to prevent contamination.

Labeling:
Clearly label storage containers with the chemical name and appropriate hazard warnings.
Keep the storage area clearly marked as a chemical storage area.

Secondary Containment:
Use secondary containment measures to prevent spills from spreading and to protect against environmental contamination.

Emergency Response Equipment:
Ensure that spill response equipment, such as absorbents and spill kits, is readily available in the storage area.

SYNONYMS

Ethylene glycol ethyl ether
TEGEE
3,6,9-Trioxadecane-1-ol, 2-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)-
Ethoxytriethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol triethyl ether
2-(2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol
Ethyl triethylene glycol
TEGME
Ethoxytriglycol
Triglycol ethyl ether
Ethylene glycol, monoethyl ether, tri-
2-(2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol
TREGME
3,6,9-Trioxadecane-1-ol, 2-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)- (IUPAC)
Ethyl triethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol, monoethyl ether, tri-
Triethylene glycol ethyl ether
Ethyl triglycol
Ethoxytriglycol
TEGEE 360
TEGE
3,6,9-Trioxadecane-1-ol, 2-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)-
Ethoxytriethylene glycol
2-(2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol
TEGEE 9
TEGEE 360
TEGE
3,6,9-Trioxadecane-1-ol, 2-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)-
Ethyl triethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol, monoethyl ether, tri-
Triethylene glycol ethyl ether
Ethyl triglycol
Ethoxytriglycol
TEGEE 9
3,6,9-Trioxadecane-1-ol, 2-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)- (IUPAC)
Ethylene glycol, monoethyl ether, tri-
Triethylene glycol ethyl ether
Triglycol ethyl ether
TEGME 360
TEGEE-9
2-(2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol
2-(2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol, triethylene glycol ethyl ether
3,6,9-Trioxadecane-1-ol, 2-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)-
Ethyl triethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol, monoethyl ether, tri-
2-(2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol
TREGME 360
Triethylene glycol ethyl ether
Ethyl triglycol
3,6,9-Trioxadecane-1-ol, 2-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)-
TEGEE 300
2-Ethoxytriethylene glycol
Triglycol ethyl ether
Triethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate
Triethylene glycol monomethyl ether
Triethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate
TEGME
TEGEE 360 acetate
Ethoxytriglycol acetate
Triglycol ethyl ether acetate
Triethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate
Ethoxytriglycol acetate
2-(2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl acetate
Ethyltriglycol acetate
2-(2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol acetate
TEGEE 9 acetate
TEGEE 360 acetate
TEGME acetate
2-(2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol acetate
Ethyltriglycol acetate
Ethoxytriglycol acetate
TEGEE 9 acetate
Ethylene glycol, monoethyl ether, tri- acetate
3,6,9-Trioxadecane-1-ol, 2-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)- acetate
Triethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate

Triethylenetetramine (TETA) Uses of Triethylenetetramine (TETA) The reactivity and uses of Triethylenetetramine (TETA) are similar to those for the related polyamines ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) is primarily used as a crosslinker ("hardener") in epoxy curing. Medical uses of Triethylenetetramine The hydrochloride salt of Triethylenetetramine (TETA), referred to as Triethylenetetramine (TETA) hydrochloride, is a chelating agent that is used to bind and remove copper in the body to treat Wilson's disease, particularly in those who are intolerant to penicillamine. Some recommend Triethylenetetramine (TETA) as first-line treatment, but experience with penicillamine is more extensive. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) hydrochloride (brand name Syprine) was approved for medical use in the United States in November 1985. Production of Triethylenetetramine Triethylenetetramine (TETA) is prepared by heating ethylenediamine or ethanolamine/ammonia mixtures over an oxide catalyst. This process gives a variety of amines, especially ethylene amines which are separated by distillation and sublimation. Coordination chemistry of Triethylenetetramine Triethylenetetramine (TETA) is a tetradentate ligand in coordination chemistry, where it is referred to as trien. Octahedral complexes of the type M(trien)L2 can adopt several diastereomeric structures. Triethylenetetramine tetrahydrochloride (brand name Cuprior) was approved for medical use in the European Union in September 2017. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) is indicated for the treatment of Wilson's disease in adults, adolescents and children five years of age or older who are intolerant to D-penicillamine therapy. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) dihydrochloride (brand name Cufence) was approved for medical use in the European Union in July 2019. It is indicated for the treatment of Wilson's disease in adults, adolescents and children five years of age or older who are intolerant to D-penicillamine therapy. The most common side effects include nausea, especially when starting treatment, skin rash, duodenitis (inflammation of the duodenum, the part of the gut leading out of the stomach), and severe colitis (inflammation in the large bowel causing pain and diarrhea). Properties of Triethylenetetramine Chemical formula C6H18N4 Molar mass 146.238 g·mol−1 Appearance Colorless liquid Odor Fishy, ammoniacal Density 982 mg mL−1 Melting point −34.6 °C; −30.4 °F; 238.5 K Boiling point 266.6 °C; 511.8 °F; 539.7 K Solubility in water Miscible log P 1.985 Vapor pressure <1 Pa (at 20 °C) Refractive index (nD) 1.496 Application of Triethylenetetramine Triethylenetetramine has been used as an additive to enhance the peak resolution ability of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) running buffer system to separate and quantitate the monoclonal antibodies by the CZE method. Triethylenetetramine may be used for the amination of polyacrylonitrile fibers to form novel fiber catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation in aqueous media. TETA also acts as a copper (II)-selective chelator. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) may also be used as a growth-orientator in the formation of 1D zinc sulfide nanoarchitectures. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) is a highly selective divalent Cu(II) chelator and orphan drug that revereses copper overload in tissues. Its salt form, trientine (triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride or 2,2,2-tetramine) was introduced in 1969 as an alternative to D-penicillamine. It consists of a polyamine-like structure different from D-penicillamine, as it lack sulfhydryl groups. It was previously approved by FDA in 1985 as second-line pharmacotherapy for Wilson's disease. Although penicillamine treatment is believed to be more extensive, Triethylenetetramine (TETA) therapy has been shown to be an effective initial therapy, even with patients with decompensated liver disease at the outset, and prolonged Triethylenetetramine (TETA) treatment is not associated with adverse effects as expected in penicillamine treatment. Its clinical applications on cancer, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and vascular demetia are being studied. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) is an oral copper chelating agent used to treat Wilson disease. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) has not been associated with worsening of serum enzyme elevations during therapy or with cases of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice. Triethylenetetramine appears as a yellowish liquid. Less dense than water. Combustible, though may be difficult to ignite. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion. Used in detergents and in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) is a copper chelator used in the treatment of Wilson's disease as an alternative to D-penicillamine. It tends to be used in patients who are experiencing serious adverse effects from penicillamine therapy or intolerance of penicillamine. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) is a selective copper (II) chelator. tightly binds and facilitates systemic elimination of Cu(II) into the urine whilst neutralizing its catalytic activity, but does not cause systemic copper deficiency even after prolonged use. It may also act as an antioxidant as it suppresses the copper-mediated oxidative stress. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) not only increases urinary Cu excretion, but also decreases intestinal copper absorption by 80%. The unchanged drug and two acetylated metabolites, N1-acetyltriethylenetetramine (MAT) and N1,N10-diacetyltriethylenetetramine (DAT), are mainly excreted in the urine. About 1% of the administered trientine and about 8% of the biotransformed trientine metabolite, acetyltrien, ultimately appear in the urine. The amounts of urinary copper, zinc and iron increase in parallel with the amount of trientine excreted in the urine. Unchanged drug is also excreted in feces after oral administration. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) is mainly metabolized via acetylation, and two major acetylated metabolites exist in human serum and urine. Triethylenetetramine is readily acetylated into N1-acetyltriethylenetetramine (MAT) and N1,N10-diacetyltriethylenetetramine (DAT). MAT is still capable of binding divalent Cu, Fe, and Zn but to a much lesser extent compared to the unchanged drug. To date no enzyme has been definitely identified as responsible for Triethylenetetramine acetylation but spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase-1 (SSAT-1) is a potential candidate responsible for acetylation of Triethylenetetramine because of the close chemical resemblance between its natural substrate spermidine and Triethylenetetramine. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) is also shown to be a substrate for human thialysine acetyltransferase (SSAT2) in vitro. The plasma elimination half life of Triethylenetetramine in healthy volunteers and Wilson's disease patients ranges from 1.3 to 4 hours. The metabolites are expected to be longer than the parent drug. Copper is chelated by forming a stable complex with the four constituent nitrogens in a planar ring as copper displays enhanced ligand binding properties for nitrogen compared to oxygen. It binds Cu(II) very tightly, having a dissociation constant from Cu(II) of 10^−15 mol/L at pH 7.0. Triethylenetetramine reacts in a stoichiometric ratio 1:1 with copper and is also able to complex with iron and zinc in vivo. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) is considered a potential chemotherapeutic agent as it could be a telomerase inhibitor because it is a ligand for G-quadruplex, and stabilizes both intra- and intermolecular G-quadruplexes. It may mediate a selective inhibitory effect or cytotoxicity on tumor growth. Chelating excess copper may affect copper-induced angiogenesis. Other mechanisms of action of Triethylenetetramine (TETA) for alternative therapeutic implications include improved antioxidant defense against oxidative stress, pro-apoptosis, and reduced inflammation. A mixture of four compounds with close boiling points including linear, branched and two cyclic molecules. Building block in the manufacture of imidazoline based corrosion inhibitors. Uses of Triethylenetetramine: Corrosion inhibitors; Wet-strength resins; Fabric softeners; Epoxy curing agents; Polyamide resins; Fuel additives; Lube oil additives; Asphalt additives; Ore flotation; Corrosion inhibitors; Asphalt; Additives; Epoxy curing agents; Hydrocarbon purification; Lube oil & fuel additives; Mineral processing aids; Polyamide resins; Surfactants; Textile additives-paper wet-strength resins; Fabric Softeners; Surfactants; Coatings; Urethanes; Fuel additives; Chemical intermediates; Epoxy curing agents; Lube oils; Wet strength resins. Benefits of Triethylenetetramine: Consistent and predictable reaction products; Easily derivatized; Low vapor pressure; High viscosity; Low environmental impact; Suitable for harsh conditions; Low sensitivity; Versatile. Triethylenetetramine (TETA)/Ethanol Solutions Zheng et al. have reported that triethylenetetramine (TETA) dissolved in ethanol can produce a solid precipitate after CO2 absorption, which can then be easily separated and regenerated.19 In comparison, a Triethylenetetramine/water solution does not form any precipitates after CO2 absorption. The Triethylenetetramine/ethanol solution offers several advantages for CO2 capture in regard to absorption rate, absorption capacity, and absorbent regenerability. Both the rate and capacity of CO2 absorption with the Triethylenetetramine/ethanol solution are significantly higher than those of a Triethylenetetramine/water solution. This is because ethanol cannot only promote the solubility of CO2 in the liquid phase but can also facilitate the chemical reaction between Triethylenetetramine and CO2. This approach is found able to capture 81.8% of the absorbed CO2 in the solid phase as Triethylenetetramine-carbamate. The absorption–desorption tests using a temperature-swing process reveals that the absorption performance of the Triethylenetetramine/ethanol solution is relatively stable. One limitation of using the Triethylenetetramine/ethanol solution for CO2 removal is that ethanol is a solvent with a high vapor pressure and measures must be taken to mitigate solvent evaporation. Small Organic Molecule Depressants Identified as a subgroup by Nagaraj and Ravishankar (2007), only the polyamines DETA (diethylenetriamine) and TETA (triethylenetetramine) introduced in processing Ni ores to depress pyrrhotite (Marticorena et al., 1994; Kelebek and Tukel, 1999) are considered. While the mechanism may not be fully understood, the amines’ N-C-C-N structure does chelate with metal ions such as Cu and Ni that may be accidentally activating the pyrrhotite. Depression of pyroxene (a silicate) by DETA and triethylenetetramine (TETA) in selective flotation of pentlandite was attributed to this deactivation mechanism. In combination with sulfite ions to reduce potential and thus reaction with xanthate (even decomposing it to carbon disulfide) increases the effectiveness of polyamine depressants. A condensate of a poly(amine), such as diethylene triamine, triethylenetetramine, or amino ethylethanolamine, with C21 or C22 carbon fatty acids or tall oil fatty acids can be used as corrosion inhibitor base. Propargyl alcohol has been found to enhance the anticorrosive effects of the composition. Diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine are highly reactive primary aliphatic amines with five and six active hydrogen atoms available for cross-linking respectively. Both materials will cure glycidyl ether at room temperature. In the case of diethylenetriamine, the exothermic temperature may reach as high as 250°C in 200 g batches. With this amine 9–10 pts phr, the stoichiometric quantity, is required and this will give a room temperature pot life of less than an hour. The actual time depends on the ambient temperature and the size of the batch. With triethylenetetramine 12–13 pts phr are required. Although both materials are widely used in small castings and in laminates because of their high reactivity, they have the disadvantage of high volatility, pungency and being skin sensitisers. Properties such as heat distortion temperature (HDT) and volume resistivity are critically dependent on the amount of hardener used. Triethylenetetramine (TETA), a CuII-selective chelator, is commonly used for the treatment of Wilson's disease. Recently, it has been shown that Triethylenetetramine can be used in the treatment of cancer because it possesses telomerase inhibiting and anti-angiogenesis properties. Although Triethylenetetramine has been used in the treatment of Wilson's disease for decades, a comprehensive review on Triethylenetetramine pharmacology does not exist. Triethylenetetramine is poorly absorbed with a bioavailability of 8 to 30%. It is widely distributed in tissues with relatively high concentrations measured in liver, heart, and kidney. It is mainly metabolized via acetylation, and two major acetylated metabolites exist in human serum and urine. It is mainly excreted in urine as the unchanged parent drug and two acetylated metabolites. It has a relatively short half-life (2 to 4 hours) in humans. The most recent discoveries in Triethylenetetramine (TETA) pharmacology show that the major pharmacokinetic parameters are not associated with the acetylation phenotype of N-acetyltransferase 2, the traditionally regarded drug acetylation enzyme, and the Triethylenetetramine-metabolizing enzyme is actually spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase. This review also covers the current preclinical and clinical application of Triethylenetetramine. A much needed overview and up-to-date information on Triethylenetetramine pharmacology is provided for clinicians or cancer researchers who intend to embark on cancer clinical trials using Triethylenetetramine or its close structural analogs. Triethylenetetramine (TETA), a CuII-selective chelator and an orphan drug, is commonly used for the treatment of Wilson's disease. Recently, its potential uses in cancer chemotherapy and other diseases are under investigation. Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, manifested by copper accumulation in the tissues of patients. Illness presents as neurologic or psychiatric symptoms and liver disease, resulting in the death of patients, and was considered an incurable disease until the 1950s. Treatments of this disease using orphan drugs were developed in the 1950s by John Walshe. Currently, common treatments for Wilson's disease either reduce copper absorption, by using zinc acetate, or remove the excess copper from the body using chelators such as penicillamine and Triethylenetetramine. Recently, it was shown that Triethylenetetramine could ameliorate left ventricular hypertrophy in humans and rats with diabetes. It has also been suggested that Triethylenetetramine can be used in the treatment of cancer because it is a telomerase inhibitor, and has anti-angiogenesis properties, on the basis of preclinical investigations. In addition, a recent report showed that Triethylenetetramine treatment could overcome cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cell culture via inhibition of superoxide dismutase 1/Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Another recent report showed that Triethylenetetramine could induce apoptosis in murine fibrosarcoma cells by activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. However, no clinical trial or trial plan using Triethylenetetramine to treat cancer has been reported in the literature. Because Triethylenetetramine is an orphan drug and has been used in the clinic for decades, it can be tested readily in clinical cancer chemotherapy. However, in order to take advantage of the possible benefits of Triethylenetetramine in clinical cancer treatment, a thorough understanding of Triethylenetetramine pharmacology is crucial. Although Triethylenetetramine (TETA) has been used in the treatment of the Wilson's disease for decades, relatively few reports on Triethylenetetramine pharmacology in patients with Wilson's disease can be found in the literature, and no comprehensive review of Triethylenetetramine pharmacology exists to date. This overview examines pharmacologic aspects of Triethylenetetramine (TETA) and its current clinical applications, thus providing valuable information to research scientists or clinicians who are interested in using Triethylenetetramine as a treatment for cancer or other diseases. It also reveals the gaps in Triethylenetetramine pharmacology that need to be addressed, despite its decades of clinical use in patients with Wilson's disease. Chemistry and Detection Triethylenetetramine (TETA) is a structure analog of linear polyamine compounds spermidine and spermine. It was first made in Berlin, Germany in 1861 and was made as a dihydrochloride salt in 1896. Its chelation activity was studied at Cambridge University in 1925. CuII prefers nitrogen to oxygen as a ligand, and because Triethylenetetramine has four nitrogen groups, it fits the square-planar geometry in which CuII is most stable. Therefore, it binds CuII very tightly, having a dissociation constant from CuII of 10−15 mol/L at pH 7.0. Triethylenetetramine is mainly used in the clinic in the form of dihydrochloride salt (trientine; refs. 1, 16); although, a Triethylenetetramine disuccinate form has recently been developed as well. Trientine dissolves in aqueous solutions and presents as a free-based Triethylenetetramine. The detection of Triethylenetetramine in aqueous solutions has proven to be difficult because Triethylenetetramine has a very polar structure, does not elute efficiently from conventional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) columns, and possesses little absorbance at accessible UV detection wavelengths. One solution, inspired by aqueous polyamine analytic methods, is to use fluorescence-labeling reagents to derivatize Triethylenetetramine and detect its derivatives by using a fluorimetric detector. A number of fluorescence-labeling reagents have been tried, including m-toluoyl chloride, fluorescamine, dansyl chloride, O-phthalaldhyde, 4-(1-pyrene)butyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, and 9-flouorenylmehylchlorofomat. However, fluorimetric methods are associated with challenges, such as whether the analyte is fully or partially labeled, and whether detected peaks are separated from other known or unknown metabolites, polyamines, and their metabolites. Only one of the above methods addressed those concerns. An HPLC-conductivity detection method has also been developed, but its detection limit is relatively high, rendering poor sensitivity to the method. Recently, a nonderivatized method using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been developed to detect Triethylenetetramine and its two major metabolites simultaneously in aqueous solutions, providing more sensitive detection and analytic power. With the availability of the LC-MS-MS technology, a method with higher sensitivity and accuracy could be developed to study Triethylenetetramine and its metabolites in human samples, which will certainly facilitate future pharmacologic studies of Triethylenetetramine. Absorption in animals Results obtained from rat and dog studies show that Triethylenetetramine has a relatively slow absorption and apparently incomplete intestinal absorption. The Tmax for rats, dogs, and rabbits after oral Triethylenetetramine administration is 0.5 to 2 hours, indicating an overall slow gut absorption. The intestinal absorption rate in normal male Wistar rats has been reported to be 42% in the jejunum and 22.5% in the ileum using an in situ loop method. In Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, the model organism for Wilson's disease, the jejunum absorption rate has been reported to be approximately 46%, and without statistical significance when compared with data derived from Wistar rats. In Sprague Dawley rats, the extent of absorption after oral Triethylenetetramine administration has been reported to be 44.3%. In vitro studies have been carried out to determine the uptake characteristics of Triethylenetetramine by rat intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles. The mechanism of absorption is similar to those of physiologic polyamines, such as spermine and spermidine, with respect to excessive accumulation in vesicles, pH dependency, temperature dependency, and the ineffectiveness of K+ diffusion potential. The initial uptake of Triethylenetetramine has a Km value of 1.1 mmol/L, which is larger than that observed for spermine and spermidine. The uptake rate of Triethylenetetramine can be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by spermine and spermidine. The bioavailability range of oral trientine in fasted rats was first reported at 6 to 18%. Later reports provided similar results. One study reported a bioavailability of 2.31% in nonfasted rats and 6.56% in fasted rats. A second report showed bioavailability in three fasted rats at 5.6%, 5.7%, and 16.4%, respectively. A third report provided a bioavailability of 14.0% in nonfasted rats and 25.5% in fasted rats. A fourth report determined that the bioavailability in fasted rats was 13.78%. Overall, the bioavailability of oral Triethylenetetramine (TETA) administration is relatively low in rats, and food intake seems to reduce it further. Distribution in animals Triethylenetetramine (TETA) is widely distributed into various tissues in rats, either in the form of unchanged parent compound or biotransformed metabolite(s). The earliest study done by Gibbs and Walshe using 14C radio-labeled Triethylenetetramine-4HCl showed that liver, kidney, and muscle had higher Triethylenetetramine concentrations than those quantified in plasma. A later study using 14C radio-labeled trientine showed that Triethylenetetramine could be found in most rat tissues, including cerebrum, cerebellum, hypophysis, eyeball, harderian gland, thyroid, submaxillary gland, lymphatic gland, thymus, heart, lung, liver, kidney, adrenal, spleen, pancreas, fat, brown fat, muscle, skin, bone marrow, testis, epididymis, prostate gland, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. However, concentrations in liver and kidney seemed to be much higher than those in plasma, and plasma concentrations were higher than those observed for other tissues. Apart from liver and kidney, other tissues did not accumulate significant amounts of Triethylenetetramine after oral administration. In the analyses, it was observed that both the parent compound and metabolite(s) exist in all tissues. A later report confirmed such findings, showing that concentration ratios of liver/plasma and kidney/plasma were greater than 1, whereas brain, lung, spleen, and white fat have ratios lower than 1. It is proposed that Triethylenetetramine (TETA) shares a common transport mechanism with polyamines in intestinal uptake. It is likely that Triethylenetetramine is also transported across biological membrane into mammalian cells by the same transporter for polyamines. The transporter of polyamines has been identified as glypican-1. Inside cells, polyamines are further transported into mitochondria, where polyamine concentrations can reach millimolar level, electrophoretically by a specific polyamine uniporter. It is therefore not surprising that Triethylenetetramine is widely distributed in the body and can be accumulated in the tissues. Distribution in humans No data are available for tissue distribution in humans. Because the bioavailability has not been established in humans, the volume of distribution cannot be calculated from previously published studies. However, a recent study reported that the central and peripheral volumes of distribution were 393 L and 252 L, respectively. These values indicate that Triethylenetetramine (TETA) is widely distributed in the human body, where accumulation in certain tissues is likely to happen. Metabolism in animals Triethylenetetramine is extensively metabolized in rats. In vitro experiments have shown that about 50% of Triethylenetetramine was eliminated from the S9 liver fraction system after 2 hours of incubation. One in vivo study in rats showed that after oral administration of trientine, only 3.1% of the dose was found in the 24-hour urine collection as the unchanged parent compound, whereas metabolites accounted for 32.6% of the oral dose. Another in vivo study reported that 2.6% of the dose was recovered from 24-hour urine collection as the unchanged parent compound, and 11% metabolites. The existence of acetylated metabolites in rats was first proposed, then established by Gibbs and Walshe. To date, two acetylated metabolites, N1-acetyltriethylenetetramine and N1,N10-diacetyltriethylenetetramine, have been identified. Triethylenetetramine metabolite levels in rat tissues have been investigated in two studies. In one study, after oral administration of trientine, the plasma AUC0 to 6 h of the metabolite MAT has been reported to be higher than that of unchanged Triethylenetetramine in rats. Both the same report and another early report showed that MAT existed in rat tissues at similar levels observed for the unchanged parent compound. Metabolism in humans Triethylenetetramine is extensively metabolized in humans, as a number of metabolites have been found in urine other than the unchanged parent compound. Two major Triethylenetetramine metabolites have been identified from human urine, both of which are acetylation products of Triethylenetetramine. MAT was first identified in 1993, and further studied in 1997. DAT was first identified in 2007, and further studied together with MAT in both healthy volunteers and patients affected with diabetes. Most of the absorbed Triethylenetetramine (TETA) dose is excreted as either unchanged parent compound or metabolites in urine, as bile excretion seems to be minimal, shown in one study in which less than 0.8% of intravenous-administered Triethylenetetramine was excreted via bile excretion. The majority of the urinary excreted Triethylenetetramine is in the form of metabolites, MAT, and DAT. The recovery of unchanged parent compound in urine ranges from 0.71 to 4.10% of the administered dose in healthy volunteers, and from 0.64 to 2.40% in patients with Wilson's disease or diabetes. Metabolite(s) recovery ranges from 2.50 to 9.00% in healthy volunteers; and, from 8.56 to 27.1% in patients with diabetes or Wilson's disease. It is suggested that patients with diabetes have a higher rate of Triethylenetetramine metabolism than healthy volunteers. Whether other disease states, such as Wilson's disease or cancer, have the same effect on Triethylenetetramine metabolism as diabetes has not been established, but further investigation is warranted. It is worth noticing that cancer-derived cytokines may repress the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes, especially cytochrome P450 enzymes. The enzyme responsible for Triethylenetetramine metabolism has yet to be formally identified. Because two major metabolites have been identified as acetylation products of Triethylenetetramine, it is natural to suggest that the major drug acetylation enzyme, N-acetyltransferase (NAT2), is responsible for Triethylenetetramine's acetylation. However, a recent study showed that there is no correlation between the NAT2 acetylation phenotype and metabolic rate of Triethylenetetramine. This lack of correlation suggests another enzyme may be responsible for Triethylenetetramine's metabolism. A current study conducted by our laboratory shows that spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase (SSAT) is the enzyme responsible for the formation of two of the Triethylenetetramine acetylation metabolites.3 Given the fact that Triethylenetetramine is a structural analog of spermidine and spermine, it is not surprising that SSAT is the enzyme that metabolizes Triethylenetetramine in humans. SSAT may also be responsible for the metabolism of many other polyamine analogs, such as diethylspermine and diethylnorspermine, which are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. Excretion and/or elimination in animals Most of the absorbed Triethylenetetramine that is excreted via urine as bile and lung excretions seems to be minimal in animal studies. One study found that after oral trientine administration to rats, 0.69% of the dose was found in expired air and 0.86% of the dose was excreted via bile. The urinary excreted Triethylenetetramine is mainly in the form of acetylated metabolites, whereas the unchanged parent compound represents a smaller percentage of the dose. The renal clearance of Triethylenetetramine in rat is about 30% higher than creatinine clearance, which indicates that Triethylenetetramine is actively excreted from the renal tubule into urine. It has been identified that the Na+/spermine antiporter in the rat renal tubular brush-border membrane is responsible for active excretion of spermine, Triethylenetetramine, and any other straight-chain polyamine compound with more than four amino groups. Triethylenetetramine metabolites MAT and DAT, are also straight-chain structures, and with four amino groups, they should be able to be actively excreted in kidney as well. Therefore, it is not surprising that a large number of metabolites are found in rat urine. Diseases that compromise kidney function in rats seem to affect urinary excretion of Triethylenetetramine. One early study reported that LEC rats, a rat model of Wilson's disease, had significantly lower urinary Triethylenetetramine excretion than that in normal Wistar rats. This lower rate was due to the impairment of kidney function in LEC rats. The plasma elimination half-lives (T1/2) of Triethylenetetramine in rat,dog, and rabbit are between 0.5 to 2 hours, which suggests that Triethylenetetramine is quickly removed from the blood. Excretion and/or elimination in humans Most of the urinary excreted Triethylenetetramine is in the form of the unchanged parent compound and two acetylated metabolites, MAT and DAT. Patients affected with diabetes excrete more metabolites in urine than healthy volunteers. It has been reported that urinary excretion of spermine is elevated in patients with certain types of cancer. The implication of these facts for Triethylenetetramine (TETA) excretion is unknown because the mechanism of Triethylenetetramine urinary excretion in humans has yet to be established. Urinary concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Zn all increased in parallel with Triethylenetetramine excretion. Trientine (TETA) administration has also been shown to increase the fecal excretion of Cu in Wilson's disease patients . Drug-drug interactions It has been shown in a rat study that diuretics, such as acetazolamide and furosemide, can increase the urinary Triethylenetetramine excretion. In contrast, drugs that are the substrate of the H+/organic cation antiporter or aminoglycoside antibiotics do not interact with Triethylenetetramine in terms of excretion. Diuretics are the drugs that change the concentration of sodium ions in renal proximal tubules. The increase in the luminal concentration of sodium ions accelerates the Na+/spermine antiporter, which is responsible for the active excretion of Triethylenetetramine into urine. No drug interaction information in humans is currently available. Only a few drugs are metabolized via the acetylation route, and even fewer drugs are possibly metabolized via the SSAT route. This observation implicates that there may be few drug-drug interactions, because metabolizing enzyme activation or competition is unlikely between Triethylenetetramine and most of other drugs. Mechanism of action in Wilson's disease Triethylenetetramine (TETA) is a CuII-selective chelator, which aids the systemic elimination of divalent Cu from the human body by forming a stable complex that is readily excreted from the kidney. Triethylenetetramine not only increases urinary Cu excretion, but also decreases intestinal copper absorption by 80%. Triethylenetetramine and its metabolite, MAT, are both capable of binding divalent Cu, Fe, and Zn. However, the chelating activity of MAT is significantly lower than that of Triethylenetetramine. The urinary levels of copper increase in parallel with the amount of Triethylenetetramine (TETA) excretion in healthy volunteers, but increase in parallel with the sum of Triethylenetetramine and MAT in diabetic patients. The removal of excessive Cu in Wilson's disease patients is regarded as its mechanism of action for treating

Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is a polyazaalkane that is decane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogens.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) has a role as a copper chelator.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is a tetramine and a polyazaalkane.

CAS: 112-24-3
MF: C6H18N4
MW: 146.23
EINECS: 203-950-6

Cross sensitivity is possible with diethylenetriamine and diethylenediamine.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is a corrosive liquid.
A yellowish liquid.
Less dense than water.
Combustible, though may be difficult to ignite.
Corrosive to metals and tissue.
Vapors heavier than air.
Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.

Used in detergents and in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ), also known as trientine (INN) when used medically, is an organic compound with the formula [CH2NHCH2CH2NH2]2.
The pure freebase is a colorless oily liquid, but, like many amines, older samples assume a yellowish color due to impurities resulting from air-oxidation.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is soluble in polar solvents.
The branched isomer tris(2-aminoethyl)amine and piperazine derivatives may also be present in commercial samples of Triethylenetetramine (TETA ).

The hydrochloride salts are used medically as a treatment for copper toxicity.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) appears as a yellowish liquid.
Less dense than water.
Combustible, though may be difficult to ignite.
Corrosive to metals and tissue. Vapors heavier than air.
Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.
Used in detergents and in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals.

Triethylenetetramine, also known as trien or TETA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkylamines.
These are organic compounds containing a dialkylamine group, characterized by two alkyl groups bonded to the amino nitrogen.
Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Triethylenetetramine.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ).

Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives.
Technically Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is part of the human exposome.
The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health.
An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.

Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is triethylenetetramine acts as a curing agent for epoxy resins.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) also functions as a corrosion inhibitor, surfactant and mineral processing aid.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is compatible with polyamides.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA )) can be used in composites.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is used as a polymer and resin modifier.

The shelf life of the product is 24 months.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is an antimicrobial agent that has been shown to be effective against a wide variety of bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is also used in the treatment of metabolic disorders, bowel disease, and primary sclerosing cholangitis.

The mechanism of action for Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is not well understood and may involve either direct interaction with bacterial cell walls or interference with the activity of specific enzymes.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) has been shown to have long-term efficacy in chronic viral hepatitis infections and in chemical stability studies.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) has not been associated with any serious adverse effects in toxicity studies involving humans.

Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 12 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 266-267 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.982 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: ~5 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: n20/D 1.496(lit.)
Fp: 290 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility alcohol: soluble
pka: pK1:3.32(+4);pK2:6.67(+3);pK3:9.20(+2);pK4:9.92(+1) (20°C)
Form: Slightly viscous yellow liquid; commercially available form is 95–98% pure, and impurities include linear, branched, and cyclic isomers.
Color: Yellowish liquid or oil
PH: 10-11 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Explosive limit: 0.7-7.2%(V)
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
FreezingPoint: 12℃
Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
Merck: 14,9663
BRN: 605448
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 1 ppm (Skin)
NIOSH: TWA 1 ppm(4 mg/m3)
Stability: Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.
LogP: -2.65 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 112-24-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) (112-24-3)
EPA Substance Registry System: Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) (112-24-3)

Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is a stable compound with a high boiling point of 290°C and a melting point of -11°C.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is a basic compound, with a pKa of 10.9.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is also a chelating agent and can complex with many metal ions.

Uses
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is used as an amine hardener in epoxy resin of the bisphenol A type.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is used in synthesis of detergents, softeners, and dyestuffs; manufacture of pharmaceuticals; vulcanization accelerator of rubber; thermo setting resin; epoxy curing agent; lubricating-oil additive; analytical reagent for Cu, Ni; chelating agent; treatment of Wilson's disease.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is a selective CuII-chelator; crosslinking agent.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is undergoing trials for the treatment of heart failure in patients with diabetes.

Epoxy uses
The reactivity and uses of Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) are similar to those for the related polyamines ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is primarily used as a crosslinker ("hardener") in epoxy curing.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ), like other aliphatic amines, react quicker and at lower temperatures than aromatic amines due to less negative steric effects since the linear nature of the molecule provides it the ability to rotate and twist.

Health Hazard
Vapors from hot liquid can irritate eyes and upper respiratory system.
Liquid burns eyes and skin.
May cause sensitization of skin.
Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.

Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
Containers may explode when heated.
Runoff may pollute waterways.
Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is used as an amine hardener in epoxy resins of the bisphenol A type.
Cross-sensitivity is possible with diethylenetriamine and diethylenediamine.

Carcinogenicity
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) was mutagenic in bacterial assays and was positive in sister chromatid exchanges and unscheduled DNA synthesis tests in vitro.
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) was not clastogenic in the mouse micronucleus test in vivo after oral or intraperitoneal administration.

Synthesis and Characterization
Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) can be synthesized through a number of different reactions, including the reaction of ethylenediamine and formaldehyde, and the reaction of ethylenediamine and acetaldehyde.
The resulting product is purified using various techniques, including vacuum distillation and chromatography.
The characterization of Triethylenetetramine (TETA ) is usually done using techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Synonyms
TRIETHYLENETETRAMINE
trientine
112-24-3
Trien
TETA
Triethylene tetramine
Tecza
1,2-Ethanediamine, N,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)-
DEH 24
Araldite hardener HY 951
Araldite HY 951
1,4,7,10-Tetraazadecane
1,8-Diamino-3,6-diazaoctane
N,N'-Bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine
triethylene tetraamine
Trientinum
Trientina
3,6-Diazaoctane-1,8-diamine
N,N'-Bis(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine
Trientinum [INN-Latin]
NSC 443
Trientina [INN-Spanish]
N'-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine
Trethylenetetramine
HY 951
MFCD00008169
Trientine [INN]
triethylenetetraamine
2,2,2-tetramine
CCRIS 6279
Ethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)-
HSDB 1002
EPH 925
NSC-443
N,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine
EINECS 203-950-6
UN2259
CHEMBL609
BRN 0605448
UNII-SJ76Y07H5F
(2-aminoethyl)({2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]ethyl})amine
N,N-Bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-diaminoethane
AI3-24384
SJ76Y07H5F
DTXSID9023702
CHEBI:39501
Tomography, x-ray computed trientine
Trientine HCl
NCGC00091695-01
NCGC00091695-03
N1,N2-Bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine
1,2-Ethanediamine, N1,N2-bis(2-aminoethyl)-
N1,N1'-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)diethane-1,2-diamine
4-04-00-01242 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID503702
CAS-112-24-3
triene
Trientene
Ancamine TETA
Trithylne ttramine
1,6-diazaoctane
Triethytenetetramine
3,8-diamine
Epicure 925
Epicure 3234
Epikure 3234
Rutapox VE 2896
TET (CHRIS Code)
TRIENTINE [MI]
1,7,10-Tetraazadecane
TRIENTINE [VANDF]
bmse000773
D09VAZ
RT 1AX
TETA (crosslinking agent)
Texlin 300 (Salt/Mix)
TRIENTINE [WHO-DD]
Triethylenetetramine (8CI)
3,6-Diazaoctanethylenediamin
SCHEMBL15439
WLN: Z2M2M2Z
1 4 7 10-Tetraazadecane
1,4,7,10-Tetraazadecano
BIDD:ER0303
BIDD:GT0014
1 8-Diamino-3 6-diazaoctane
1,8-diamino-3,6-diazaoctano
3 6-Diazaoctane-1 8-diamine
3,6-Diazaoctano-1,8-diamina
NSC443
SCHEMBL6423840
1 2-Bis(2-aminoethylamino)ethane
TRIETHYLENETETRAMINE [HSDB]
STR03562
Tox21_111162
Tox21_201066
BDBM50323751
LS-549
NA2259
STL477736
N,N'-Di(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine
AKOS006223906
Tox21_111162_1
Triethylenetetramine, >=97.0% (T)
CS-T-45120
DB06824
Ethylenediamine,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)-
N N'-Bis(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine
VE 2896
NCGC00091695-04
NCGC00258619-01
BP-30180
Ethanediamine, N,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)-
SBI-0206814.P001
N N'-Bis(2-aminoethyl)-1 2-diaminoethane
N N'-Bis(2-aminoethyl)-1 2-ethanediamine
N,N'-Bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-diaminoethane
Triethylenetetramine [UN2259] [Corrosive]
Triethylenetetramine, technical grade, 60%
H 522
T0429
Triethylenetetramine [UN2259] [Corrosive]
1,2-etanodiamina, N, N'-bis (2-aminoetil)-
C07166
EN300-651158
1,2-Etanodiamina, N1, N2-bis (2-aminoetil)-
12-Ethanediamine NN'-bis(2-aminoethyl)-(9CI)
AB00573244_07
N,N''-Bis-(2-amino-ethyl)-ethane-1,2-diamine
Q418386
1,2-ETHANEDIAMINE, N,N'-BIS(2-AMINOETHYL)
J-018026
N,N''-BIS(2-AMINOETHYL)-1,2-ETHANEDIAMINE
W-109064
ETHANE-1,2-DIAMINE, N,N'-BIS(2-AMINOETHYL)-
trietilentetramina, 1,2-bis (2-aminoetilamino) etano
105821-86-1

TRIETHYLHEXYL CITRATE, N° CAS : 7147-34-4, Nom INCI : TRIETHYLHEXYL CITRATE, Nom chimique : Tris(2-Ethylhexyl) 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 230-457-3, Ses fonctions (INCI) :Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent plastifiant : Adoucit et rend souple une autre substance qui autrement ne pourrait pas être facilement déformée, dispersée ou être travaillée, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Trigen, TEG, or triglycol is a colorless odorless viscous liquid with molecular formula HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH.
Trigen is clear, has a mild odor and is not extremely viscous.
Trigen has good solvency for a wide range of organic compounds, including hydrocarbons, oils, resins, and dyes.

CAS Number: 112-27-6
EC Number: 203-953-2
Molecular Formula: C6H14O4
Molecular Weight: 150.17

Triethylene glycol, 112-27-6, Triglycol, 2,2'-(Ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))diethanol, Trigen, Triethylenglykol, 2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol, Triethyleneglycol, 2,2'-Ethylenedioxydiethanol, 1,2-Bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane, 2,2'-(Ethylenedioxy)diethanol, 2,2'-Ethylenedioxybis(ethanol), 3,6-Dioxaoctane-1,8-diol, 2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol, Di-beta-hydroxyethoxyethane, Glycol bis(hydroxyethyl) ether, Trigol, Caswell No. 888, Ethanol, 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-, Triethylene glcol, Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether, 2,2'-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)]diethanol, Bis(2-hydroxyethoxyethane), TEG, Ethanol, 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)di-, 2,2'-(1,2-Ethanediylbis(oxy))bisethanol, NSC 60758, HSDB 898, Triethylenglykol [Czech], Ethylene glycol-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl ether), EINECS 203-953-2, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 083501, BRN 0969357, CCRIS 8926, 2-[2-(2-HYDROXY-ETHOXY)-ETHOXY]-ETHANOL, 119438-10-7, DTXSID4021393, UNII-3P5SU53360, CHEBI:44926, AI3-01453, NSC-60758, MACROGOL 150, 3P5SU53360, PEG-3, 3,6-Dioxa-1,8-octanediol, Di-.beta.-hydroxyethoxyethane, DTXCID601393, Ethanol, 2,2'-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy))bis-, EC 203-953-2, 4-01-00-02400 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), NCGC00163798-03, 2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol, 103734-98-1, 122784-99-0, 137800-98-7, 145112-98-7, 2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(ethan-1-ol), Triethylene glycol (USP-RS), Triethylene glycol [USP-RS], MFCD00081839, 2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol, CAS-112-27-6, 2-(2-(2-HYDROXY-ETHOXY)-ETHOXY)-ETHANOL, OH-PEG3-OH, Trigenos, triethylenglycol, Trithylne glycol, triethylene-glycol, Triethyleneglycol, Tri-ethylene glycol, 3,8-diol, TEG (CHRIS Code), TEG (GLYCOL), Triethylene glycol, puriss., SCHEMBL14929, WLN: Q2O2O2Q, AMY375, di(2-ethylbutyrate), diacetate, Ethanol,2'-(ethylenedioxy)di-, Triethylene glycol [MI], CHEMBL1235259, Triethylene glycol Reagent Grade, 1,8-dihydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctane, Triethylene glycol [HSDB], Triethylene glycol [INCI], 2, 2'- (ethylenedioxy)diethanol, 2,2' - (ethylenedioxy)diethanol, Triethylene glycol DIMALEATE, NSC60758, STR02345, Triethylene glycol [WHO-DD], Tox21_112073, Tox21_202440, Tox21_300306, LS-550, MFCD00002880, MFCD01779596, MFCD01779599, MFCD01779601, MFCD01779603, MFCD01779605, MFCD01779609, MFCD01779611, MFCD01779612, MFCD01779614, MFCD01779615, MFCD01779616, STL282716, AKOS000120013, Triethylene glycol (Industrial Grade), CS-W018156, DB02327, HY-W017440, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 083501, NCGC00163798-01, NCGC00163798-02, NCGC00163798-04, NCGC00163798-05, NCGC00163798-06, NCGC00254097-01, NCGC00259989-01, 1,2-DI(BETA-HYDROXYETHOXY)ETHANE, 2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol #, BP-21036, OCTANE-1,8-DIOL, 3,6-DIOXA-, Triethylene glycol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, Ethanol,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-, FT-0652416, FT-0659862, T0428, EN300-19916, 2,2'-(1,2-Ethanediyl bis (oxy))-bisethanol, F71165, 2,2'-(Ethylendioxy)diethanol (Triethylenglykol), Etanol, 2,2'-[1,2-Etanodiilbis (oxi)] bis-, ETHYLENE GLYCOL-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER, Triethylene glycol, SAJ first grade, >=96.0%, ETHYLENE GLYCOL-BIS-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER, Q420630, SR-01000944720, Triethylene glycol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, J-506706, SR-01000944720-1, ETHANOL, 2,2'-(1,2-ETHANEDIYLBIS (OXY))BIS-, F0001-0256, Triethylene glycol, BioUltra, anhydrous, >=99.0% (GC), Z104476078, Triethylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

Trigen is an additive for hydraulic fluids and brake fluids and is used as a base for "smoke machine" fluid in the entertainment industry.
Trigen are also used as liquid desiccants for natural gas and in air conditioning systems.
When aerosolized Trigen acts as a disinfectant.

Trigen belongs to the class of organic compounds known as polyethylene glycols.
These are oligomers or polymers of ethylene oxide, with the general formula (C2H4O)n (with n>=3).
Trigen, clear, colorless, syrupy (viscous) liquid at room temperature.

Trigen, often colored fluorescent yellow-green when used in automotive antifreeze.
Ethylene glycol is a useful industrial compound found in many consumer products.
Trigen include antifreeze, hydraulic brake fluids, some stamp pad inks, ballpoint pens, solvents, paints, plastics, films, and cosmetics.

Trigen can also be a pharmaceutical vehicle.
Ethylene glycol has a sweet taste and is often ingested by accident or on purpose.
Ethylene glycol breaks down into toxic compounds in the body.

Ethylene glycol and Trigen toxic byproducts first affect the central nervous system (CNS), then the heart, and finally the kidneys.
Ethylene glycol is odorless.
Trigen is a chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H14O4 that is categorized as an alcohol.

Trigen is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Trigen is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Trigen, at room temperature Trigen is a liquid.
Trigen is soluble in water.
Trigen is a colorless, odorless liquid with the chemical formula C6H14O4.

Trigen belongs to a group of chemicals known as glycols and is composed of three ethylene glycol units connected by oxygen atoms.
Trigen is hygroscopic, meaning Trigen readily absorbs moisture from the air.
Trigen is primarily used as a solvent, particularly in industrial applications.

This makes Trigen useful in various processes such as oil and gas production, natural gas dehydration, and as a solvent in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and synthetic fibers.
One of the most notable applications of Trigen is its use as a desiccant or a drying agent.

Due to Trigen hygroscopic nature, Trigen can effectively remove water from gas streams and maintain low levels of moisture.
Trigen is particularly important in natural gas processing, where Trigen is commonly employed to remove water vapor and other impurities from natural gas.

Trigen finds use in the production of polyesters, plasticizers, and as a component in some antifreeze formulations.
Trigen can also be found in certain personal care products, such as deodorants and cosmetics, as a moisturizing agent.
It's worth noting that Trigen should not be confused with ethylene glycol, a different compound that is toxic and primarily used as an automotive antifreeze.

Trigens are part of the glycol family, they have different chemical structures and properties.
Trigen can cause material corrosion because of Trigen acidic nature.
Care should be taken to mitigate corrosion concerns when using Trigen through appropriate material selection, use of coatings and use of corrosion inhibitors.

High temperature environments can see high rates of corrosion with Trigen.
Trigen is most commonly used for natural gas dehydration to strip the water out of the gas.
Trigen is wildly used in applications which require higher boiling point, higher molecular weight with low volatility such as plasticizer, unsaturated polyester resin, emulsifiers, lubricants, heat transfer fluids and solvent for equipment cleaning, printing ink.

Trigen is a liquid chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H14O4 or HOCH2CH2CH2O2CH2OH.
Trigen is recognized for its hygroscopic quality and ability to dehumidify fluids.
Trigen is miscible with water and soluble in ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine, and aldehydes.

Trigen is slightly soluble in diethyl ether, and insoluble in oil, fat, and most hydrocarbons.
Trigen is commercially produced as a co-product of the oxidation of ethylene at a high temperature in the presence of silver oxide catalyst, followed by hydration of ethylene oxide to yield mono, di, tri, and tetraethylene glycols.

The oil and gas industries use Trigen to dehydrate natural gas as well as other gases including CO2, H2S, and other oxygenated gases.
Industrial uses include adsorbents and absorbents, functional fluids in both closed and open systems, Intermediates, petroleum production processing aids, and solvents.

Trigen is used in the manufacture of a host of consumer products that include anti-freeze, automotive care products, building and construction materials, cleaning and furnishing care products, fabric, textile, and leather products, fuels and related products, lubricants and greases, paints and coatings, personal care products, and plastic and rubber products.

Trigen is a polymer consisting of ethylene glycol monomers and two terminal hydroxyl groups.
The Trigen chain increases the water solubility of a compound in aqueous media.
Increasing the number of ethylene glycol units within the entire chain improves the solubility properties of the PEG linker.

Trigen is the third members of a homologous series of dihydroxyalcohols.
Trigen is produced in the Master Process by the direct hydration of ethylene oxide.

Trigen is co-produced with MEG and DEG.
Trigen is a colourless liquid.

The main uses for Trigen are based upon Trigen hygroscopic quality.
Trigen is used as a dehydrating agent for natural gas pipelines where Trigen removes the water from the gas before being condensed and reused in the system.
Trigen is also a dehumidifying agent in air-conditioning units.

Trigen is also used to make chemical intermediates such as plasticisers and polyester resins.
Trigen is an additive in hydraulic fluids and brake fluids, and Trigen is also used as a solvent in many applications, including as a selective solvent for aromatics, and a solvent in textile dyeing.

Trigen (also known as TEG, triglycol and Triethylene glycol) is a colourless, viscous, non-volatile liquid with the formula C6H14O4.
Trigen is well known for its hygroscopic quality and Trigen ability to dehumidify fluids.
Trigen is prepared commercially as a co-product of the oxidation of ethylene at high temperature, in the presence of a silver oxide catalyst.

The ethylene oxide is then hydrated to yield mono, di, tri, and tetra ethylene glycols.
Trigen also has mild disinfectant qualities and, when volatised, is used as an air disinfectant for virus and bacteria control.
Trigen is a clear, colorless, viscous, stable liquid with a slightly sweetish odor.

Soluble in water; immiscible with benzene, toluene, and gasoline.
Because Trigen has two ether and two hydroxyl groups Trigen chemical properties are closety related to ethers and primary alcohols.
Trigen is a good solvent for gums, resins, nitrocellulose, steam-set printing inks and wood stains.

With a low vapor pressure and a high boiling point, Trigen uses and properties are similar to those of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol.
Because Trigen is an efficient hygroscopic agent Trigen serves as a liquid desiccant for removing water from natural gas.
Trigen is also used in air conditioning systems designed to dehumidify air.

Trigen is a member of a homologous series of dihydroxy alcohols.
Trigen is a colorless, odorless and stable liquid with high viscosity and a high boiling point.

Apart from Trigen use as a raw material in the manufacture and synthesis of other products, Trigen is known for Trigen hygroscopic quality and Trigen ability to dehumidify fluids.
Trigen is miscible with water, and at standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa) has a boiling point of 286.5 °C and a freezing point of −7 °C.
Trigen is also soluble in ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine, aldehydes; slightly soluble in diethyl ether; and insoluble in oil, fat and most hydrocarbons.

Trigen is prepared commercially as a co-product of the oxidation of ethylene at high temperature in the presence of silver oxide catalyst, followed by hydration of ethylene oxide to yield mono(one)-, di(two)-, tri(three)- and tetraethylene glycols.
Trigen is well established as a relatively mild disinfectant toward a variety of bacteria, influenza A viruses and spores of Penicillium notatum fungi.

Trigens exceptionally low toxicity, broad materials compatibility, and low odor combined with Trigen antimicrobial properties indicates that Trigen approaches the ideal for air disinfection purposes in occupied spaces.[4] Much of the scientific work with Trigen was done in the 1940s and 1950s, however that work has ably demonstrated the antimicrobial activity against airborne, solution suspension, and surface bound microbes.

Trigen can be stored and transported in stainless steel, aluminium or lined tank cars, tank trucks, or 225 kg drums.
Trigen is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slight odor.
Trigen is non-flammable, mildly toxic, and considered non-hazardous.

Trigen is a member of a homologous series of dihydroxy alcohols.
Trigen is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers as well as in the manufacture of air sanitizer and other consumer products.

Trigen is commonly used as an ingredient in antifreeze formulations.
Trigen helps lower the freezing point of water, preventing the coolant in automotive engines and HVAC systems from solidifying in cold temperatures.
Trigen is a humectant, which means Trigen has the ability to attract and retain moisture.

Trigen is used in a variety of personal care products like moisturizers, lotions, and soaps to prevent them from drying out and to provide hydration to the skin.
Trigen is employed in air conditioning systems as a desiccant to remove moisture from the air.
By reducing the humidity, Trigen helps enhance the efficiency and performance of the cooling process.

Trigen serves as a precursor or intermediate in the production of other chemicals.
Trigen can be used to synthesize polyester resins, polyurethanes, plasticizers, and synthetic lubricants.

Trigen is utilized in the natural gas industry for gas conditioning processes.
Trigen helps remove contaminants such as sulfur compounds and other impurities, making the gas suitable for transportation and commercial use.
Due to Trigen excellent solvent properties, Trigen is employed in the formulation of dyes, inks, and pigments.

Trigen helps dissolve and disperse colorants effectively, facilitating their application in various industries.
Trigen is used in some pharmaceutical formulations as a stabilizer, solvent, or excipient.
Trigen can improve the solubility and stability of certain drugs and aid in the delivery of active ingredients.

Trigen finds applications in laboratories as a solvent for chemical reactions, extraction processes, and chromatography.
Trigens ability to dissolve a wide range of substances makes Trigen useful in various analytical and research procedures.
The hydroxyl groups on Trigen undergo the usual alcohol chemistry giving a wide variety of possible derivatives.

Trigens can be converted to aldehydes, alkyl halides, amines, azides, carboxylic acids, ethers, mercaptans, nitrate esters, nitriles, nitrite esters, organic esters, peroxides, phosphate esters and sulfate esters.
Trigenis a ether-alcohol derivative.
The ether being relatively unreactive.

Trigen, flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents.
Trigen react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water.
Oxidizing agents convert alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.

Trigen, alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior.
Trigen may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

Eastman Trigen Plasticizer is compatible with PVC and with PVB resins.
Trigen offers low color, low viscosity and low volatility during processing.
The low viscosity makes Eastman Trigen-EH particularly suitable for use in plastisols to improve the processing characteristics.

In PVC, Trigen is generally blended with plasticizers such as DOP or DOTP for optimum performance.
Trigen offers low viscosity for ease of compounding and low color for excellent clarity in automotive and residential and commercial window applications.
Trigen is commonly used in natural gas sweetening processes to remove acidic gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

Trigen acts as a selective solvent, absorbing these impurities from the gas stream and allowing for the production of cleaner natural gas.
Trigen is used as a deicing agent for aircraft and runways.
Trigens low freezing point and ability to mix with water make Trigen effective in preventing the formation of ice and snow on surfaces, ensuring safer conditions for aviation and transportation.

Trigen can act as a preservative due to Trigen ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
Trigen is used in some cosmetic and personal care products, such as creams and lotions, to extend their shelf life and prevent bacterial or fungal contamination.
Trigen is sometimes added to gasoline as an octane booster or fuel system cleaner.

Trigen can improve the combustion efficiency of gasoline, resulting in enhanced engine performance and reduced emissions.
Trigen is utilized as a heat transfer fluid in various industrial processes.
Trigens high boiling point, low volatility, and thermal stability make Trigen suitable for applications where controlled and efficient heat transfer is required, such as in heating systems, solar thermal collectors, and chemical reactors.

Trigen is used in the textile industry for processes like dyeing, printing, and finishing.
Trigen acts as a solvent for dyes and helps facilitate their penetration into fibers, resulting in vibrant and long-lasting colors.

Trigen is employed in the electronics industry to control moisture levels during the manufacturing and storage of sensitive electronic components.
Trigen helps prevent moisture-related damage, such as corrosion or malfunction, in electronic devices.

Trigen is a liquid higher glycol of very low vapor pressure with uses that are primarily industrial.
Trigen has a very low order of acute toxicity by iv, ip, peroral, percutaneous and inhalation (vapor and aerosol) routes of exposure.

Trigen (also known as TEG, triglycol and Triethylene glycol) is a colourless, viscous, non-volatile liquid with the formula C6H14O4.
Trigen is well known for Trigen hygroscopic quality and Trigen ability to dehumidify fluids.

Trigen is prepared commercially as a co-product of the oxidation of ethylene at high temperature, in the presence of a silver oxide catalyst.
The ethylene oxide is then hydrated to yield mono, di, tri, and tetra ethylene glycols.

Trigen is estimated that the total world consumption of Trigen is in excess of 175 metric tonnes annually.

Trigen is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slight odor.
Trigen is non-flammable, mildly toxic, and considered non-hazardous.

Trigen is a member of a homologous series of dihydroxy alcohols.
Trigen is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers as well as in the manufacture of air sanitizer and other consumer products.

Trigen is a liquid chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H14O4 or HOCH2CH2CH2O2CH2OH.
Trigens CAS is 112-27-6.

Trigen is recognized for its hygroscopic quality and ability to dehumidify fluids.
Trigen is miscible with water and soluble in ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine, and aldehydes.
Trigen is slightly soluble in diethyl ether, and insoluble in oil, fat, and most hydrocarbons.

Trigen is commercially produced as a co-product of the oxidation of ethylene at a high temperature in the presence of silver oxide catalyst, followed by hydration of ethylene oxide to yield mono, di, tri, and tetraethylene glycols.

The oil and gas industries use Trigen to dehydrate natural gas as well as other gases including CO2, H2S, and other oxygenated gases.
Industrial uses include adsorbents and absorbents, functional fluids in both closed and open systems, Intermediates, petroleum production processing aids, and solvents.
Trigen is used in the manufacture of a host of consumer products that include anti-freeze, automotive care products, building and construction materials, cleaning and furnishing care products, fabric, textile, and leather products, fuels and related products, lubricants and greases, paints and coatings, personal care products, and plastic and rubber products.

Applications of Trigen:
Trigen is used by the oil and gas industry to "dehydrate" natural gas.
Trigen may also be used to dehydrate other gases, including CO2, H2S, and other oxygenated gases.

Trigen is necessary to dry natural gas to a certain point, as humidity in natural gas can cause pipelines to freeze, and create other problems for end users of the natural gas.
Trigen is placed into contact with natural gas, and strips the water out of the gas.

Trigen is heated to a high temperature and put through a condensing system, which removes the water as waste and reclaims the Trigen for continuous reuse within the system.
The waste Trigen produced by this process has been found to contain enough benzene to be classified as hazardous waste (benzene concentration greater than 0.5 mg/L).

Trigen is well established as a relatively mild disinfectant toward a variety of bacteria, influenza A viruses and spores of Penicillium notatum fungi.

Trigen is a colorless liquid with a mild odor. Dense than water.
Trigen is a poly(ethylene glycol) that is octane-1,8-diol in which the carbon atoms at positions 3 and 6 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.

Trigen has a role as a plasticiser.
Trigen is a poly(ethylene glycol), a diol and a primary alcohol.

Oil & Gas Industry:
The main uses for tri ethylene glycol are based upon Trigen hygroscopic quality.
This means that Trigen can absorb moisture from the air through absorption or adsorption.

Trigen is used as a dehydrating agent for natural gas pipelines where Trigen removes the water from the gas before being condensed.
The Trigen can then be continually reused, although the by-product of benzene needs to be disposed of carefully.
Trigen is useful as it prevents the gas from freezing making the gas easier to transport and manage for end consumers.

Mild Disinfectant:
Trigen can also be used as a mild disinfectant.
Due to Trigen low toxicity, antimicrobial properties, and low odour, Trigen is commonly used for air disinfection in occupied areas where more aggressive disinfectants cannot be used.
Due to these disinfectant properties and the dehydrating properties, Trigen is an ideal dehumidifying agent in air-conditioning units.

Uses of Trigen:
Trigen is used by the oil and gas industry to "dehydrate" natural gas.
Trigen may also be used to dehydrate other gases, including CO2, H2S, and other oxygenated gases.
Trigen is necessary to dry natural gas to a certain point, as humidity in natural gas can cause pipelines to freeze, and create other problems for end users of the natural gas.

Trigen is placed into contact with natural gas, and strips the water out of the gas.
Trigen is heated to a high temperature and put through a condensing system, which removes the water as waste and reclaims the Trigen for continuous reuse within the system.
The waste Trigen produced by this process has been found to contain enough benzene to be classified as hazardous waste (benzene concentration greater than 0.5 mg/L).

Trigen is a solvent prepared from ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol.
Trigen can be used: To prepare fatty acid gelators, which are used to gelate various edible and vegetable oils.
The Trigen can then be continually reused, although the by-product of benzene needs to be disposed of carefully.

This process is useful as Trigen prevents the gas from freezing making the gas easier to transport and manage for end consumers.
The manufacturing processes of certain types of polymers frequently use Trigen as a plasticizer, which means Trigen reduces brittleness and increases ductility when added to certain types of resins.

One of the most popular materials Trigen is used for as a plasticizer is vinyl polymers.
Materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinyl butyral are commonly made using Trigen.
This makes Trigen a key ingredient in items such as automotive parts and coatings.

Trigen is widely used for the dehydration of natural gas.
Trigen helps remove water vapor from the gas stream, preventing the formation of hydrates that can cause blockages in pipelines and equipment.
Trigen is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers.

Trigen is also used in air sanitizer products, such as "Oust" or "Clean and Pure".
Trigen is an ingredient in antifreeze formulations.
Trigen lowers the freezing point of water, preventing the coolant in automotive engines and HVAC systems from freezing in cold temperatures.

Trigen is utilized in cosmetics and personal care products such as moisturizers, lotions, and soaps.
Trigen helps retain moisture and keeps the skin hydrated.
Trigen acts as a desiccant in air conditioning systems, reducing the humidity in the air to enhance cooling efficiency and prevent condensation.

Trigen is used as a solvent for dyes, inks, and pigments in industries such as printing and textile manufacturing.
Trigen helps dissolve and disperse colorants effectively.

Trigen is employed in gas conditioning processes to remove impurities such as sulfur compounds from natural gas, making Trigen suitable for transportation and commercial use.
Trigen serves as a precursor or intermediate in the production of various chemicals, including polyester resins, polyurethanes, plasticizers, and synthetic lubricants.

Trigen is used as a deicing agent for aircraft and runways.
Trigens low freezing point and ability to mix with water make Trigen effective in preventing ice formation.

Trigen acts as a preservative in certain products, extending their shelf life and preventing microbial growth.
Trigen is used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and other formulations.
Trigen serves as a heat transfer fluid in industrial processes that require controlled and efficient heat transfer, such as in heating systems and chemical reactors.

Trigen, as a solvent to prepare superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for in situ protein purification.
As an absorbent agent in the subsea natural gas dehydration process.
Trigen is used as a plasticizer, as an additive for hydraulic fluids and brake fluids, and as a disinfectant.

Trigen is an active component of certain pigments, printing dyes, inks and paste.
Trigen finds application as a liquid desiccant and used in the dehydration of natural gas, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and air conditioning systems.
Trigen plays as an important role in anti-freeze and de-icing products, cleaning and furnishing care products, lubricant and greases.

Trigen is widely used as an excellent dehydrating agent for natural gas, oilfield associated gas and carbon dioxide; Used as solvent for nitrocellulose, rubber, resin, grease, paint, pesticide, etc; Used as air bactericide; Used as Trigen ester plasticizer for PVC, polyvinyl acetate resin, glass fiber and asbestos pressing board; Used as anti drying agent of tobacco, fiber lubricant and desiccant of natural gas.
Trigen is also used in organic synthesis, such as the production of brake oil with high boiling point and good low temperature performance.

Trigen can be used in gas chromatography as extractant.
Trigen is employed in the sweetening or purification of natural gas.
Trigen helps remove acidic gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which can be corrosive or undesirable in gas pipelines and end-use applications.

Trigen is sometimes used as an additive in gasoline and diesel fuel formulations.
Trigen can improve the combustion characteristics, enhance fuel stability, and reduce emissions.
Trigen is utilized in the electronics industry to control moisture levels during the manufacturing and storage of electronic components.

Trigen helps prevent moisture-related damage and ensures the integrity and reliability of electronic devices.
Trigenis used as an additive in the production of tobacco products such as cigarettes and cigars.
Trigen helps maintain moisture levels and preserve the freshness of the tobacco.

Trigen finds use in laboratories for various purposes.
Trigen can be used as a solvent for chemical reactions, extractions, and chromatography.
Trigens properties make it suitable for sample preparation and analysis in research and analytical laboratories.

Trigen is employed in the formulation of adhesives and sealants.
Trigen can serve as a solvent or plasticizer, helping to improve the workability, flexibility, and durability of these products.

Trigen is used in the production of construction materials such as cement and grouts.
Trigen can help enhance the workability, flow, and setting properties of these materials.
Trigenis sometimes incorporated into metalworking fluids, which are used in machining and cutting operations.

Trigen helps cool and lubricate the metal surfaces, reducing friction and improving tool life.
Trigenmay be used in pharmaceutical formulations as a solvent or co-solvent.
Trigen can aid in solubilizing certain drugs and assist in drug delivery systems.

Food and beverage industry: Trigen may find limited use in the food and beverage industry as a solvent or flavor carrier, although Trigen usage is less common compared to other glycols like propylene glycol.
Trigen is widely used as a solvent.

Trigen has a high flash point, emits no toxic vapors, and is not absorbed through the skin.
Trigen is used in the following products: inks and toners, coating products, heat transfer fluids, lubricants and greases and hydraulic fluids.

Other release to the environment of Trigen is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Trigen can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys) and wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys).

Trigen monomethyl ether can be used as a reagent and solvent for applications such as: modification of anthraquinone material for redox flow batteriespreparation of polymeric electrolyte for electrochemical devices,formation of the binary system of polyethylene glycol for absorption of silica.
Trigen can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Trigen is used in the following products: inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes, hydraulic fluids, washing & cleaning products, coating products, non-metal-surface treatment products and polymers.
Trigen is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction.

Trigen is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, chemicals, machinery and vehicles, food products, textile, leather or fur, wood and wood products and rubber products.
Other release to the environment of Trigen is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Uses at industrial sites:
Trigen is used in the following products: inks and toners, coating products, polymers, washing & cleaning products, heat transfer fluids, fuels and extraction agents.
Trigen has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Trigen is used in the following areas: mining, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and printing and recorded media reproduction.
Trigen is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of Trigen can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release, for thermoplastic manufacture and in the production of articles.

Industry Uses:
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Adsorbents and absorbents
Fuels and fuel additives
Functional fluids (closed systems)
Intermediates
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Plasticizers
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Solvents (for cleaning and degreasing)
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Wholesales

Consumer Uses:
Trigen is used in the following products: inks and toners, coating products, heat transfer fluids, lubricants and greases and hydraulic fluids.
Other release to the environment of Trigen is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Other Consumer Uses:
Adhesives and sealants
Anti-freeze and de-icing products
Automotive care products
Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
Chemical intermediate
Cleaning and furnishing care products
Electrical and electronic products
Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere
Floor coverings
Fuels and related products
Ink, toner, and colorant products
Laundry and dishwashing products
Lubricants and greases
Paints and coating
Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere

Industry Processing Sectors:
Adhesive manufacturing
All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
All other petroleum and coal products manufacturing
Asphalt paving, roofing, and coating materials manufacturing
Construction
Industrial gas manufacturing
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
Paint and coating manufacturing
Petrochemical manufacturing
Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing
Petroleum refineries
Plastic material and resin manufacturing
Plastics product manufacturing
Printing ink manufacturing
Rubber product manufacturing
Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing
Synthetic rubber manufacturing
Utilities
Wholesale and retail trade

Benefits of Trigen:
Versatile intermediates
Low volatility
Low boiling point
TETRA EG is completely miscible with water and a wide range of organic solvents.

Preparation of Trigen:
Trigen is prepared commercially as a co-product of the oxidation of ethylene at high temperature in the presence of silver oxide catalyst, followed by hydration of ethylene oxide to yield mono(one)-, di(two)-, tri(three)- and tetraethylene glycols.

Production Methods of Trigen:
Trigen, like diethylene glycol, is produced commercially as a by-product of ethylene glycol production.
Trigens formation is favored by a high ethylene oxide to water ratio.

Chemical Properties of Trigen:
Trigen is a clear, colorless, viscous, stable liquid with a slightly sweetish odor.
Soluble in water; immiscible with benzene, toluene, and gasoline.

Because Trigen has two ether and two hydroxyl groups Trigen chemical properties are closety related to ethers and primary alcohols.
Trigen is a good solvent for gums, resins, nitrocellulose, steam-set printing inks and wood stains.

With a low vapor pressure and a high boiling point, Trigen uses and properties are similar to those of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol.
Because Trigen is an efficient hygroscopic agent Trigen serves as a liquid desiccant for removing water from natural gas.
Trigen is also used in air conditioning systems designed to dehumidify air.

Reactivity Profile of Trigen:
Trigen is a ether-alcohol derivative.
The ether being relatively unreactive.
Trigen, flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents.

Trigen react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water.
Oxidizing agents convert alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior.

Identifiers of Trigen:
Physical State: Liquid
Storage: Store at room temperature
Melting Point: -7° C (lit.)
Boiling Point: 125-127° C (lit.) at 0.1 mmHg
Density: 1.12 g/mL at 20° C

Properties of Trigen:
Chemical formula: C6H14O4
Molar mass: 150.174 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 1.1255 g/mL
Melting point: −7 °C (19 °F; 266 K)
Boiling point: 285 °C (545 °F; 558 K)

Melting point: −7 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 125-127 °C0.1 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.124 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 5.2 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.455(lit.)
Flash point: 165 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility H2O: 50 mg/mL at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Viscous Liquid
pka: 14.06±0.10(Predicted)
color: Clear very slightly yellow
PH: 5.5-7.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Odor: Very mild, sweet.
explosive limit: 0.9-9.2%(V)
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.06
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.03
Merck: 14,9670
BRN: 969357
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: -1.75 at 25��

Names of Trigen:

IUPAC names:
1,2-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane
2,2'-(ethylenedioxy) diethanol
2,2'-(Ethylenedioxy)diethanol
2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)diethanol
2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)diethanol
2,2'-(etilendioxi)dietanol
2,2'-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)]diethanol
2,2-(ethylenedioxy)diethanol
2,2’- {ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)}diethanol
2,2’-[1,2-Ethanediylbis(oxy)]bisethanol
2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol
2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol
2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol
Ethanol, 2,2'-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy))bis-
Ethanol, 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-
not applicable
TEG
Triethylene glycol
Triethylene glycol
Triethylene glycol
Triethylene glycol
Triethylene glycol
Triethylene glycol (TEG)
Triethylene glycol, also known as TEG.
TRIETHYLENEGLYCOL
triethyleneglycol
Triethyleneglycol
Triethylenglykol

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is an initiator for (co)polymerization of styrene, butadiene, acrylonitrile and (meth)acrylates.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) high purity reagent in pharmaceutical and fine chemicals synthesis.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) viscosity breaker for oilfield fracking.

CAS Number: 75-91-2
Molecular Formula: C4H10O2
Molecular Weight: 90.12
EINECS Number: 200-915-7

Synonyms: TERT-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE, 75-91-2, TBHP, T-Butyl hydroperoxide, tert-Butylhydroperoxide, 2-Hydroperoxy-2-methylpropane, Perbutyl H, t-Butylhydroperoxide, 1,1-Dimethylethyl hydroperoxide, Cadox TBH, Hydroperoxide, 1,1-dimethylethyl, Terc. butylhydroperoxid, tert-Butyl hydrogen peroxide, Hydroperoxyde de butyle tertiaire, Hydroperoxide, tert-butyl, Slimicide DE-488, Tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, Trigonox a-75, Trigonox A-W70, TBHP-70, 1,1-Dimethylethylhydroperoxide, Tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide, NSC 672, Caswell No. 130BB, Dimethylethyl hydroperoxide, Perbutyl H 69T, t-BuOOH, Luperox TBH 70X, terc.Butylhydroperoxid, Trigonox A-W 70, tert Butylhydroperoxide, CCRIS 5892, HSDB 837, tert-Butyl-hydroperoxide, Kayabutyl H, T-Hydro, EINECS 200-915-7, DE 488, DE-488, UNII-955VYL842B, BRN 1098280, CHEBI:64090, AI3-50541, NSC-672, 955VYL842B, Hydroperoxide, 1,1-dimethylethyl-, KAYABUTYL H 70, DTXSID9024693, EC 200-915-7, TERT-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE (II), TERT-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE [II], Trigonox A-75 [Czech], tBOOH, t Butylhydroperoxide, terc.Butylhydroperoxid [Czech], t Butyl Hydroperoxide, t-BHP, terc. Butylhydroperoxid [Czech], Hydroperoxide, t-Butyl, tert Butyl Hydroperoxide, tertiary Butylhydroperoxide, Trigonox, Hydroperoxyde de butyle tertiaire [French], tBuOOH, tert-BuOOH, Ethyldiethylperoxide, Perbutyl H 69, Perbutyl H 80, t-butyl-hydroperoxide, terbutyl hydroperoxide, tert-butyhydroperoxide, Terc butylhydroperoxid, tert-C4H9OOH, t-butyl hydrogenperoxide, t-butyl-hydrogenperoxide, tert.-butylhydroperoxide, tert.butyl hydroperoxide, tertiarybutylhydroperoxide, tertbutylhydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydrogen peroxide, tert.-butyl hydroperoxide, DSSTox_CID_4693, tert-butylhydrogen peroxide, 2-methylpropane-2-peroxol, DSSTox_RID_78866, DSSTox_GSID_31209, tertiary butyl hydro peroxide, Hydroperoxide,1-dimethylethyl, Trigonox A-80 (Salt/Mix), UN 2093 (Salt/Mix), UN 2094 (Salt/Mix), USP -800 (Salt/Mix), CHEMBL348399, DTXCID504693, NSC672, tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (8CI), tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, >90% with water [Forbidden], WLN: QOX1&1&1, 2-Methyl-prop-2-yl-hydroperoxide, Tox21_200838, Aztec t-butyl Hydroperoxide-70, Aq, MFCD00002130, BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE (TERTIARY), TERT-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE [MI], AKOS000121070, TERT-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE [HSDB], NCGC00090725-01, NCGC00090725-02, NCGC00090725-03, NCGC00258392-01, tert-Butyl hydroperoxide aqueous solution, Hydroperoxide, 1,1-dimethylethyl (9CI), tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide (70% in Water), tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, >90% with water, B3153, FT-0657109, Q286326, J-509597, F1905-8242

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is an initiator for (co)polymerization of styrene, butadiene, acrylonitrile and (meth)acrylates.
High purity reagent in pharmaceutical and fine chemicals synthesis.
Besides Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) offer a wide range of organic peroxides and azo-compounds for use in synthesis of pharmaceuticals, herbicides, insecticides or as active pharmaceutical ingredient for use in anti-acne creams, face and body washes, and shampoos.

Organic peroxides and azo-compounds are well established, high purity reagents in pharmaceutical and fine chemicals synthesis.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can be used as an initiator in bulk, aqueous solution and emulsion polymerization of styrene, acrylates and methacrylates.
The polymerization can be initiated by radicals generated by the thermal decomposition of Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) above 110°C or through a redox mechanism at low temperatures.

Effective organic reducing agents are ascorbic acid and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, possibly combined with heavy metal compounds such as cobalt or iron salts.
Typical applications of Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) include: manufacture of acrylate, vinylacetate, styrene-butadiene and other latices, curing of styrene-polyester resins and use as an oxidizing agent for hydrocarbons or other chemicals.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is an initiator (70% active ingredient in water) used for curing promoted unsaturated polyester and vinylester resins at room temperature, and elevated cure of non-promoted resins.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is an initiator for (co)polymerization of (meth)acrylates.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is an initiator (70% active ingredient in water) bulk, aqueous solution and emulsion polymerization of styrene, acrylates and methacrylates, butadiene and acrylonitrile acrylates.
The polymerization can be initiated by radicals generated by the thermal decomposition of Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) above 110°C or through a redox mechanism at low temperatures. The shelf life of this product is 3 months.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature, with a characteristic pungent odor.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is an organic peroxide widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) vapor can burn in the absence of air and may be flammable at either elevated temperature or at reduced pressure.

Fine mist/spray may be combustible at temperatures below the normal flash point.
When evaporated, the residual liquid will concentrate Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) content and may reach an explosive concentration (＞90%).
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a highly reactive product.

The three types of significant physical hazards are flammability, thermal, and decomposition due to contamination.
To minimize these hazards, avoid exposure to heat, fire, or any condition that will concentrate the liquid material.
Store away from heat, sparks, open flames, foreign contaminants, combustibles, and reducing agents.

Inspect containers frequently to identify bulges or leaks.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is one of the most widely used hydroperoxides in a variety of oxidation processes, for example the Halcon process.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is normally supplied as a 69–70% aqueous solution.

Compared to hydrogen peroxide and organic peracids, Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is less reactive.
Overall, Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is renowned for the convenient handling properties of its solutions.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water)'s solutions in organic solvents are highly stable.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is an alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water)e has a role as an antibacterial agent.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used as an oxidising agent.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is watery colorless liquid.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) floats on and dissolves slowly in water.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is odorless compound.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water), often abbreviated as TBHP, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H10O2.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is an organic peroxide, meaning it contains a peroxide group (-O-O-).

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a colorless liquid at room temperature and is commonly used as a source of free radicals in various chemical reactions, especially in oxidation reactions.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a powerful oxidizing agent and is often used in laboratory and industrial settings for purposes such as initiating polymerization reactions, oxidizing organic compounds, and as a radical initiator in various chemical processes.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is known for its stability and ease of handling compared to some other peroxides.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)3COOH.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is one of the most widely used hydroperoxides in a variety of oxidation processes, for example the Halcon process.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is normally supplied as a 69–70% aqueous solution.

Compared to hydrogen peroxide and organic peracids, tert-butyl hydroperoxide is less reactive and more soluble in organic solvents.
Overall, it is renowned for the convenient handling properties of its solutions.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water)s solutions in organic solvents are highly stable.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is odorless compound.
The chemical structure of TBHP consists of a tert-butyl (tertiary butyl) group attached to a hydroperoxy (peroxide) group.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water)s molecular formula is C4H10O2, and its chemical formula is often written as (CH3)3COOH.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) has a relatively high boiling point of around 86-90°C (187-194°F).
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a strong oxidizing agent and can readily donate oxygen atoms, making it useful in a variety of chemical reactions where oxidation is required.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a flammable liquid and a highly reactive oxidizing agent.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is an alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used to initiate polymerization reactions and in organic syntheses to introduce peroxy groups into the molecule.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a highly reactive product.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is an intermediate.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is primarily used as an initiator.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials, and metallic and sulfur compounds.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used as an initiator for radical polymerization and in various oxidation process such as sharpless epoxidation.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) plays an important role for the introduction of peroxy groups in organic synthesis.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a flammable liquid and a highly reactive oxidizing agent.
Pure TBHP is shock sensitive and may explode on heating.

Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for fires involving Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water).
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) and concentrated aqueous solutions of TBHP react violently with traces of acid and the salts of certain metals, including, in particular, manganese, iron, and cobalt.
Mixing anhydrous tert-butyl hydroperoxide with organic and readily oxidized substances can cause ignition and explosion.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can initiate polymerization of certain olefins.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is an alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a water-white liquid commonly commercially available as a 70% solution in water
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used to initiate polymerization reactions and in organic syntheses to introduce peroxy groups into the molecule.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) vapor can burn in the absence of air.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) may be flammable at either elevated temperature or at reduced pressure.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) may be combustible at temperatures below the normal flash point.
Closed containers may generate internal pressure through the degradation of Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) to oxygen.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a highly reactive product.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is an intermediate in the production of propylene oxide and t-butyl alcohol from isobutane and propylene.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is primarily used as an initiator and finishing catalyst in the solution and emulsion polymerization methods for polystyrene and polyacrylates.

Other uses are for the polymerization of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate and as an oxidation and sulfonation catalyst in bleaching and deodorizing operations.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials, and metallic and sulfur compounds.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used as an initiator for radical polymerization and in various oxidation process such as sharpless epoxidation.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is involved in osmium catalyzed vicinal hydroxylation of olefins under alkaline conditions.
Furthermore, Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used in catalytic asymmetric oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using binaphthol as a chiral auxiliary and in the oxidation of dibenzothiophenes.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) plays an important role for the introduction of peroxy groups in organic synthesis.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) provides a readily available and convenient source of active oxygen suitable for diverse oxidation technologies.
Producers of initiators use T-Hydro solution to synthesize many perester, dialkyl peroxide and perketal derivatives. The product itself serves as a free radical initiator for polymerization, copolymerizations, graft polymerizations and curing of polymers.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) offers advantages of versatility, regioselectivity, stereoselectivity, chemoselectivity and reactivity control with catalyst choice, mild reaction conditions and bulk availability.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) finds use in preparing speciality chemicals required by fine chemical and performance chemical industries such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can selectively oxidize hydrocarbons, olefins and alcohols.
Asymmetric epoxidation and kinetic resolution with Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can provide access to complex chiral intermediates.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used as an initiator for radical polymerization and in various oxidation process such as Sharpless epoxidation.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is involved in the osmium catalyzed vicinal hydroxylation of olefins under alkaline conditions.
Furthermore, it is used in catalytic asymmetric oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using binaphthol as a chiral auxiliary and in the oxidation of dibenzothiophenes.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) plays an important role in the introduction of peroxy groups in organic synthesis.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) Solution is used for the emulsion polymerization of Styrene, Acrylates and Methacrylates and the curing of polyester resins.
Suitable to be used as active peroxide in high-pressure polymerization or as an initiator in oxygen combination of Ethylene.

Common applications are acrylate, vinyl acetate, styrene-butadiene production, curing of styrene - polyester resins, oxidizing agent for hydrocarbons.
Recommended storage temperature is between 0 °C and +30 °C. Keep pails tightly closed.
Store and handle in a dry, well-ventilated place.

Keep away from sources of heat, ignition and direct sunlight in original packaging.
Provide grounding and venting in order to prevent static electricity build-up.
Avoid any contact with Amine and Cobalt Accelerators, acids, alkalis and heavy metal compounds such as driers and metal soaps.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) finds applications in various industries, including the pharmaceutical, polymer, and chemical manufacturing sectors.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used in the production of a wide range of products, such as pharmaceutical intermediates, plastics, and specialty chemicals.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used as an oxygen transfer agent in certain chemical reactions, allowing the controlled release of oxygen atoms, which can be essential in the oxidation of organic compounds.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is soluble in many organic solvents, making it versatile for use in a variety of reaction conditions.
Common solvents used in conjunction with TBHP include acetone, dichloromethane, and toluene.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is commercially available in various concentrations, typically ranging from 70% to 98%.

The choice of concentration depends on the specific application and reaction requirements.
When using Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) in a chemical reaction, reaction conditions such as temperature, time, and stoichiometry must be carefully controlled to achieve the desired outcome.
Reaction kinetics and selectivity can be influenced by these factors.

The decomposition of Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can produce oxygen gas and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA).
These decomposition products should be considered when planning and monitoring reactions involving Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water).
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is considered harmful if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can irritate the respiratory system, skin, and eyes.
Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn when handling TBHP to prevent contact.
In the event of a spill or accidental exposure to Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water), emergency procedures outlined in the safety data sheet should be followed.

This may include actions like rinsing affected areas with water and seeking medical attention if necessary.
Disposal of Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) and its waste should be done in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations.
Depending on the concentration and volume, it may be necessary to consult with hazardous waste disposal experts.

When using Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) in a laboratory or industrial setting, conducting a thorough risk assessment and implementing appropriate safety measures, including engineering controls and emergency response plans, is crucial to mitigate potential hazards.
Compatibility testing should be conducted when planning to use Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) with other chemicals to ensure that no unexpected reactions or hazards arise from their interaction.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used to initiate polymerization reactions and in organic syntheses to introduce peroxy groups into the molecule.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a water-white liquid commonly commercially available as a 70% solution in water; 80% solutions are also available.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a natural product found in Apium graveolens with data available.

Melting point: -2.8 °C
Boiling point: 37 °C (15 mmHg)
Density: 0.937 g/mL at 20 °C
vapor pressure: 62 mmHg at 45 °C
refractive index: n20/D 1.403
Flash point: 85 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
pka: pK1: 12.80 (25°C)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless
Water Solubility: Miscible
Merck: 14,1570
BRN: 1098280
Exposure limits No exposure limit is set. On the basis of its irritant properties a ceiling limit of 1.2 mg/m3 (0.3 ppm) is recommended.
Stability: Stable, but may explode if heated under confinement. Decomposition may be accelerated by traces of metals, molecular sieve or other contaminants. Incompatible with reducing agents, combustible material, acids.
InChIKey: CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.230 (est)

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is relatively stable when stored under proper conditions.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is typically kept in brown glass containers or opaque bottles to protect it from light, as exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light can initiate decomposition.
When storing and handling TBHP, it's essential to keep it away from heat sources, open flames, and incompatible materials.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) should be stored in a cool, dry place and away from direct sunlight.
Containers should be tightly sealed to prevent contamination and exposure to air.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is stable under normal storage conditions, it can decompose explosively if subjected to heat, friction, or contamination with incompatible materials.

Decomposition can lead to the release of oxygen gas and cause fires or explosions.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) should not be mixed with reducing agents, flammable materials, strong acids, or bases, as these substances can react with it and potentially lead to hazardous reactions.
Manufacturers provide detailed safety data sheets (SDS) or material safety data sheets (MSDS) for TBHP, which include information on its hazards, safe handling practices, first-aid measures, and emergency procedures.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can have adverse environmental effects if released into the environment.
Proper disposal methods should be followed, and any spills should be contained and cleaned up using appropriate techniques and materials.
The handling, storage, and transportation of Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) are subject to regulations and guidelines established by government agencies and safety organizations.

In some cases, alternative oxidizing agents may be used in chemical reactions instead of Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water), depending on the specific requirements of the reaction and safety considerations.
Production Methods Of Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water):
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is produced by the liquid-phase reaction of isobutane and molecular oxygen or by mixing equimolar amounts of t-butyl alcohol and 30–50% hydrogen peroxide.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can also be prepared from t-butyl alcohol and 30% hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sulfuric acid or by oxidation of tert-butylmagnesium chloride.
The manufacturing process of Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is in a closed system.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is normally supplied as a 69–70% aqueous solution.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water)'s solutions in organic solvents are highly stable.
The damaging effect of low concentrations of Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) in the course of pyruvate oxidation in isolated liver mitochondria is caused by the opening of the nonspecific Ca2+-dependent cyclosporin A-sensitive pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) and concentrated aqueous solutions of TBHP react violently with traces of acid and the salts of certain metals, including, in particular, manganese, iron, and cobalt.
Mixing anhydrous Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) with organic and readily oxidized substances can cause ignition and explosion.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can initiate polymerization of certain olefins.
In the event of skin contact, immediately wash with soap and water and remove contaminated clothing.
In case of eye contact, promptly wash with copious amounts of water for 15 min (lifting upper and lower lids occasionally) and obtain medical attention.

If Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is inhaled or ingested, obtain medical attention immediately.
In the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) with a spill pillow or noncombustible absorbent material, place in an appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
Respiratory protection may be necessary in the event of a large spill or release in a confined area.

Cleanup of anhydrous Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) and concentrated solutions requires special precautions and should be carried out by trained personnel working from behind a body shield.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is expected to have high mobility in soil.
If released to air, Tert-butyl hydroperoxide will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere.

In aqueous environments, Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is not expected to adsorb to sediment or suspended solids, and volatilization is expected to be the primary fate process.
The half-lives for this compound in a variety of media allow for some moderate longrange transport, but not incredible distances.
An estimated bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 3 was calculated for Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) Syracuse Research Corporation (SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.94 and a regression-derived equation.

According to a classification scheme, this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is commercially available in various concentrations and forms, including solutions in solvents like water or acetone.
These solutions are often used for ease of handling and dosing in laboratory and industrial applications.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is commonly used as an initiator in radical reactions, particularly in the production of various polymers.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is added to the reaction mixture to generate free radicals, which initiate the polymerization process.
The radicals react with monomers to form polymer chains.

The general mechanism of transition metal-catalyzed oxidative Mannich reactions of N, N-dialkyl anilines with Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) as the oxidant consists of a rate-determining single electron transfer (SET) that is uniform from 4-methoxy- to 4-cyano-N, N-dimethylanilines.

The Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) radical is the major oxidant in the rate-determining SET step that is followed by competing backward SET and irreversible heterolytic cleavage of the carbon–hydrogen bond at the α-position to nitrogen.
A second SET completes the conversion of N, N-dimethylaniline to an iminium ion that is subsequently trapped by the nucleophilic solvent or the oxidant prior to the formation of the Mannich adduct.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) could induce oxidative stress in liver mitochondria at low concentrations.

Uses:
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water)is used as an initiator for radical polymerization.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used as the oxidant for nearly all titanium-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidations.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used as an initiator for radical polymerization.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used in various oxidation process such as sharpless epoxidation.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used in the oxidation of dibenzothiophenes.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is an organic peroxide widely used in a variety of oxidation processes, for example Sharpless epoxidation.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used in various oxidation process such as sharpless epoxidation.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is involved in osmium catalyzed vicinal hydroxylation of olefins under alkaline conditions.
Furthermore, tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide is used in catalytic asymmetric oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using binaphthol as a chiral auxiliary Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used in the oxidation of dibenzothiophenes.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) plays an important role for the introduction of peroxy groups in organic synthesis.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is commonly employed as an initiator in radical polymerization reactions, helping to start the polymerization process by generating free radicals.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used in organic synthesis for various oxidation reactions, including the conversion of alkenes to epoxides and the oxidation of alcohols to ketones or aldehydes.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is also used in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals and specialty chemicals.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can be used as an oxygen source in certain industrial processes.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is an organic peroxide widely used in a variety of oxidation processes, for example Sharpless epoxidation.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is normally supplied as a 69–70% aqueous solution.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is an alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used in the manufacture of adhesives and sealants, where it can act as a curing agent or as an ingredient to improve the properties of the final product.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is employed in textile finishing processes to modify the surface properties of textiles, such as enhancing water repellency and durability.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can be used in the paper industry as a bleaching agent and a pulp delignification agent, aiding in the production of high-quality paper products.
In water treatment processes, Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used for the oxidation of organic contaminants, helping to purify water and wastewater.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is utilized in analytical chemistry techniques, such as chemiluminescence assays and oxidation reactions, for the detection and quantification of specific compounds.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) serves as an important intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds, contributing to the production of various drug molecules.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can be involved in the synthesis of agrochemicals and pesticides, which are essential for crop protection and agricultural productivity.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is considered as an additive for improving the properties of fuels, including octane enhancement in gasoline.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used in the textile industry for the oxidative fixing of dyes onto fabrics during the textile printing process.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can be found in cosmetic and personal care formulations as an ingredient to enhance product stability or as an oxidizing agent in hair care products.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used for modifying the surfaces of materials like polymers, metals, and nanoparticles to tailor their properties for specific applications, such as improving adhesion or hydrophobicity.
In chemical research laboratories, Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is employed as a versatile reagent for a wide range of synthetic transformations and oxidative reactions.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)3COOH.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is one of the most widely used hydroperoxides in a variety of oxidation processes, for example the Halcon process.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is normally supplied as a 69–70% aqueous solution.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used as an initiator for radical polymerization and in various oxidation process such as sharpless epoxidation.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is involved in osmium catalyzed vicinal hydroxylation of olefins under alkaline conditions.

Furthermore, Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used in catalytic asymmetric oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using binaphthol as a chiral auxiliary and in the oxidation of dibenzothiophenes.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) plays an important role for the introduction of peroxy groups in organic synthesis.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used in the following products: polymers.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) may be used in:osmium catalyzed vicinal hydroxylation of olefins under alkaline conditions catalytic asymmetric oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using binaphthol as a chiral auxiliaryoxidation of dibenzothiophenes.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) has a role as an antibacterial agent.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is commonly used as an initiator in radical polymerization reactions.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) generates free radicals that start the polymerization process, allowing the synthesis of various polymers and copolymers.
Polymers produced with Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) initiators can find applications in plastics, adhesives, coatings, and more.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is employed as an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis to facilitate the oxidation of various compounds.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can convert alkenes to epoxides, alcohols to ketones or aldehydes, and other functional group transformations.
These reactions are essential in the production of pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and specialty materials.

In some industrial processes, Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used as a source of oxygen atoms.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can release oxygen when needed, making it useful in applications where controlled oxygen transfer is required, such as in the production of chemicals and intermediates.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a key reagent in the synthesis of specialty chemicals and intermediates used in the manufacture of various products, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is employed in the epoxidation of fats and oils, which is an important step in the production of epoxidized vegetable oils used as plasticizers and stabilizers in the polymer industry.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is commonly used in research and development laboratories for its versatile applications in organic synthesis and as an initiator in various chemical reactions.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) has been explored as an energy carrier for fuel cells.
In this context, it can be used as a potential source of energy for various applications.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used as an oxidising agent.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is watery colorless liquid.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is an intermediate in the production of propylene oxide and t-butyl alcohol from isobutane and propylene.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is primarily used as an initiator and finishing catalyst in the solution and emulsion polymerization methods for polystyrene and polyacrylates.
Other uses are for the polymerization of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate and as an oxidation and sulfonation catalyst in bleaching and deodorizing operations.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials, and metallic and sulfur compounds.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used to prepare propylene oxide.
In the Halcon process, molybdenum-based catalysts are used for this reaction:
(CH3)3COOH + CH2=CHCH3 → (CH3)3COH + CH2OCHCH3

The byproduct t-butanol, which can be dehydrated to isobutene and converted to MTBE.
On a much smaller scale, Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used to produce some fine chemicals by the Sharpless epoxidation.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is used as the oxidant for nearly all titanium-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidations.

Storage:
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) should be stored in the dark at room temperature separately from oxidizable compounds, flammable substances, and acids.
Reactions involving Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) should be carried out behind a safety shield.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) should be handled in the laboratory using the "basic prudent practices" described in supplemented by the additional precautions for work with reactive and explosive substances.

In particular, Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) should be stored in the dark at room temperature (do not refrigerate) separately from oxidizable compounds, flammable substances, and acids.
Reactions involving Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) should be carried out behind a safety shield.

Safety Profile:
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) moderately toxic by ingestion and inhalation.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) a severe skin and eye irritant.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame, or by spontaneous chemical reaction such as with reducing materials.

Moderately explosive; may explode during distillation.
Violent reaction with traces of acid.
Concentrated solutions may ignite spontaneously on contact with molecular sieve.

Mixtures with transition metal salts may react vigorously and release oxygen.
Forms an unstable solution with 1,2-dichloroethane. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical.
When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a hazardous chemical and should be handled with care.
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) can decompose explosively under certain conditions, especially when exposed to heat or contamination.
Proper storage in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and open flames is essential.

Health Hazard:
Trigonox A-W70 (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 70% solution in water) is a strong irritant.
Floyd and Stockinger (1958) observed thatdirect cutaneous application in rats did notcause immediate discomfort, but the delayedaction was severe.
The symptoms were erythemaand edema within 2–3 days.

DESCRIPTION:

Trigonox B-C30 is an initiator for (co)polymerization of ethylene.
Trigonox B-C30 is an efficient initiator (30% active ingredient in odorless mineral spirits) for the production of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).
Trigonox B-C30 is used for both tubular and autoclave processes.
In most cases a combination with other peroxides is used to ensure a broad reactivity range

CAS number
110-05-4

Trigonox B-C30 is used as an initiator for the (co)polymerization of ethylene, styrene, acrylates and methacrylates.
Being thermally unstable substance, Trigonox B-C30 may undergo self-accelerating decomposition.
Trigonox B-C30 is used for tubular and autoclave processes.

APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOX B-C30:
Trigonox B-C30 is an efficient initiator for the production of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).
Trigonox B-C30 is used both for tubular and autoclave processes.
In most cases a combination with other peroxides is used to ensure a broad reactivity range.

HALF-LIFE DATA OF TRIGONOX B-C30:
The reactivity of an organic peroxide is usually given by its half-life (t1/2) at various temperatures.
For Trigonox B-C30 in chlorobenzene half-life at other temperatures can be calculated by using the equations and constants mentioned below:
0.1 hr at 164°C
1 hr at 141°C
10 hr at 121°C
Formula 1 kd = A•e-Ea/RT
Formula 2 t½ = (ln2)/kd
Ea 153.46 kJ/mole
A 4.20E+15 s-1
R 8.3142 J/mole•K
T (273.15+°C) K

Thermal stability:
Organic peroxides are thermally unstable substances which may undergo self-accelerating decomposition.
The lowest temperature at which self-accelerating decomposition may occur with a substance in the packaging as used for transport is the Self-Accelerating Decomposition
Temperature (SADT). The SADT is determined on the basis of the Heat Accumulation Storage Test.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIGONOX B-C30:
Brand
Trigonox®
Chemical family
Organic peroxide
CAS number
110-05-4
Physical form
Liquid
Regional availability
Africa, Asia, Asia Pacific, China, Europe, Global, India, Latin America, Middle East, North America, Oceania
Molecular Weight
146.2
Concentration
3.17-3.39%
Chemical name
Di-tert-butyl peroxide, 30% solution in isododecane
Appearance Clear liquid
Assay 29.0-31.0 %
Color ≤ 30 Pt-Co
Hydroperoxides as TBHP ≤ 0.03 %
Characteristics Density, -10 °C 0.810 g/cm³

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIGONOX B-C30:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

Trigonox B-C30 is faintly yellow clear liquid.
Trigonox B-C30 is insoluble in water.
With the chemical formula C8H18O2, Trigonox B-C30 serves as an organic peroxide compound.

CAS Number: 110-05-4
EC Number: 203-733-6
MDL number: MFCD00008803
Linear Formula: (CH3)3COOC(CH3)3
Chemical formula: C8H18O2

SYNONYMS:
2-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-methylpropane, tert-Butyl peroxide, Di-tert-butyl peroxide, 110-05-4, Di-t-butyl peroxide, t-Butyl peroxide, Cadox, Peroxide, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), Trigonox B, Cadox TBP, Kayabutyl D, Perbutyl D, Interox DTB, Bis(tert-butyl) peroxide, Di-tert-butylperoxid, Peroxyde de butyle tertiaire, Di-tert-butyl peroxyde, Di-tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, di-tert-butylperoxide, Perossido di butile terziario, NSC 673, Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) peroxide, Di-tertiary-butyl peroxide, M7ZJ88F4R1, DTXSID2024955, NSC-673, (Tributyl)peroxide, DTXCID704955, Bis(t-butyl)peroxide, 2,2'-dioxybis(2-methylpropane), CAS-110-05-4, UNII-M7ZJ88F4R1, t-butylperoxide, tBuOOtBu, Di-t-butylperoxide, di-tertbutylperoxide, ditert.butylperoxide, MFCD00008803, di-tertbutyl peroxide, ditert-butyl peroxide, di-tert.butyl peroxide, di-tertiarybutylperoxide, ditertiary butylperoxide, ditertiarybutyl peroxide, Peroxide, tert-butyl-, di(tert.-butyl)peroxide, di(tert.butyl) peroxide, di-tert.-butyl peroxide, di-tertiary butylperoxide, (tert-C4H9O)2, di-tertiary butyl peroxide, DTBP [MI], Peroxide, bis-tert-butyl-, EC 203-733-6, SCHEMBL14861, NSC673, CHEMBL1558599, (CH3)3CO-OC(CH3)3, 2-tert-butyldioxy-2-methylpropane, Tox21_201461, Tox21_300099, AKOS015902599, NCGC00091801-01, NCGC00091801-02, NCGC00091801-03, NCGC00254065-01, NCGC00259012-01, tert-Butyl peroxide (Luperox DI), 97%, Luperox(R) DI, tert-Butyl peroxide, 98%, D3411, NS00006093, BIS(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)PEROXIDE [HSDB], A802134, Q413043, t-butyl peroxide bis(1,1-di-methylethyl)peroxide, J-002365, J-520402, WLN: 1X1 & 1 & OOX1 & 1 & 1, F0001-0215, di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, cadox, peroxide, bis 1,1-dimethylethyl, dtbp, trigonox b, t-butyl peroxide, cadox tbp, kayabutyl d, Peroxide, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), tert-Butyl peroxide, Bis(tert-butyl) peroxide, Cadox TBP, DTBP, Trigonox B, (tert-C4H9O)2, Cadox, Di-tert-butyl peroxyde, Di-tert-butylperoxid, Perossido di butile terziario, Peroxyde de butyle tertiaire, t-Butyl peroxide, Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) peroxide, Di-t-butyl peroxide, Di-tertiary-butyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxide bis(1,1-di-methylethyl)peroxide, Peroxide, tert-butyl-, Interox DTB, Kayabutyl D, NSC 673, Perbutyl D, Peroxide, bis-tert-butyl-, di-tert-butyl peroxide,tert-butyl peroxide,di-t-butyl peroxide,cadox,peroxide, bis 1,1-dimethylethyl,dtbp,trigonox b,t-butyl peroxide,cadox tbp,kayabutyl d, Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide, Bis(t-butyl)peroxide, Bis(tert-butyl) peroxide, Cadox, Cadox TBP, DTBP, Di-t-butyl peroxide, Di-tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, Trigonox B, t-Butyl peroxide, tert-Butyl peroxide, UN3107, tert-Butyl peroxide , Luperox(R) DI, tert-Butyl peroxide, (tert-C4H9O)2, (tributyl)peroxide, 2-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-methylpropane, Aztec di-t-butyl peroxoide, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-peroxid, bis(t-butyl)peroxide, Bis(tert-butyl) peroxide, bis(tert-butyl)peroxide, DTBP, 2-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-methylpropane, TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE, DI-T-BUTYL PEROXIDE, Trigonox b, (tributyl)peroxide, bis(tert-butyl)peroxide, DI-TERTIARY-BUTYL PEROXIDE, Cadox, cadoxtbp,

Trigonox B-C30 is a highly efficient initiator for the production of low density polyethylene (LDPE).
Trigonox B-C30 is an initiator for the (co-)polymerization of ethylene and (meth)acrylates.
Trigonox B-C30 is an organic compound used in polymer chemistry and organic synthesis as a radical initiator.

Trigonox B-C30 is a clear, water-white or yellow liquid.
Trigonox B-C30 is insoluble in water.
Trigonox B-C30 is faintly yellow clear liquid.

Trigonox B-C30 is insoluble in water.
Trigonox B-C30 is a reactive oxygen species that has been used as an oxidant in organic synthesis.
Trigonox B-C30 is typically produced by the oxidation of tert-butanol with hydrogen peroxide and sodium citrate.

Trigonox B-C30 has been shown to be highly resistant to degradation, even at high pH values.
Trigonox B-C30 is one of the most stable organic peroxides, due to the tert-butyl groups being bulky.
Trigonox B-C30 is a colorless liquid.

Trigonox B-C30 is a clear colorless liquid.
Trigonox B-C30 is a clear, water-white liquid.
Trigonox B-C30 has a specific gravity of 0.79, which is lighter than water, and it will float on the surface.

Trigonox B-C30 is nonpolar and insoluble in water.
Trigonox B-C30 is a strong oxidizer and may ignite organic materials or explode if shocked or in contact with reducing agents.
In addition to being an oxidizer, Trigonox B-C30 is highly flammable.

Trigonox B-C30 has a boiling point of 231°F (110°C) and a flash point of 65°F (18°C).
The NFPA 704 designation is health 3, flammability 2, and reactivity 4.
The prefix “oxy” for oxidizer is placed in the white section at the bottom of the 704 diamond.

Trigonox B-C30 is a clear colorless liquid.
Trigonox B-C30 is a colorless, volatile liquid characterized by its sweet odor.
With the chemical formula C8H18O2, Trigonox B-C30 serves as an organic peroxide compound.

Trigonox B-C30 finds extensive applications in both research and industry.
Trigonox B-C30 is an efficient initiator for the production of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).
Trigonox B-C30plays a crucial role as an initiator in polymerization reactions and acts as a catalyst for organic synthesis.

Furthermore, Trigonox B-C30 contributes to the production of polymers and various materials, acting as a cross-linker in the synthesis of polyolefins.
Trigonox B-C30 is used both for tubular and autoclave processes.
In most cases a combination of Trigonox B-C30 with other peroxides is used to ensure a broad reactivity range.

Trigonox B-C30 is also known as DTBP, peroxide bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) and tert-Butyl peroxide.
Trigonox B-C30 is a transparant liquid which has C8H18O2 as chemical formula.
Trigonox B-C30 has also been shown to induce neuronal death in vivo, which may be due to its ability to produce hydroxyl radicals and other reactive oxygen species.

The mechanisms of these reactions are still being studied.
Trigonox B-C30 is a transparant liquid which has C8H18O2 as chemical formula.
Trigonox B-C30 is a colorless, volatile liquid characterized by its sweet odor.

With the chemical formula C8H18O2, Trigonox B-C30 serves as an organic peroxide compound.
Trigonox B-C30 finds extensive applications in both research and industry.
Trigonox B-C30 plays a crucial role as an initiator in polymerization reactions and acts as a catalyst for organic synthesis.

Furthermore, Trigonox B-C30 contributes to the production of polymers and various materials, acting as a cross-linker in the synthesis of polyolefins.
Trigonox B-C30 is an organic compound consisting of a peroxide group bonded to two tert-butyl groups.
Trigonox B-C30 can be used for wastewater treatment because it reacts with organic matter and produces less sludge than chlorine.

Trigonox B-C30 also has the ability to react with chemicals in a variety of ways, including transfer reactions, such as the addition of alcohols or esters.
Trigonox B-C30 is an efficient initiator (30% active ingredient in odorless mineral spirits) to produce low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and (meth)acrylates.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIGONOX B-C30:
Trigonox B-C30 is used both for tubular and autoclave processes.
In most cases a combination of Trigonox B-C30 with other peroxides is used to ensure a broad reactivity range.
Trigonox B-C30 is used for both tubular and autoclave processes.

The shelf life of Trigonox B-C30 is 3 months.
Trigonox B-C30 is used as an initiator for the (co)polymerization of ethylene, styrene, acrylates and methacrylates.
Being thermally unstable substance, it may undergo self-accelerating decomposition.

Trigonox B-C30 is used for tubular and autoclave processes.
Further Trigonox B-C30 finds its application in the polymerization and copolymerization of styrene, olefins and acrylic resins and as modification agent of polypropylene degradation.

Trigonox B-C30 is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Release to the environment of Trigonox B-C30 can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Trigonox B-C30 is used in the following products: polymers.

This substance is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and chemicals.
Release to the environment of Trigonox B-C30 can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Trigonox B-C30 can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

Trigonox B-C30 is used as initiator for the production of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).
Trigonox B-C30 can be used for the market segments: polymer production, polymer crosslinking and acrylics production with their different applications/functions.

Trigonox B-C30 is an efficient initiator for the production of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).
Further Trigonox B-C30 finds its application in the polymerization and copolymerization of styrene, olefins and acrylic resins and as modification agent of polypropylene degradation.

Trigonox B-C30 is used for synthesis.
Trigonox B-C30 can be used for the market segments: polymer production, polymer crosslinking and acrylics production with their different applications/functions.

The decomposition reaction proceeds via the generation of methyl radicals.
The peroxide bond undergoes homolysis at temperatures above 100°C.
Hence Trigonox B-C30 is commonly used as a radical initiator in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry.

Trigonox B-C30 can in principle be used in engines where oxygen is limited, since the molecule supplies both the oxidizer and the fuel.
Trigonox B-C30 is used both for tubular and autoclave processes.
In most cases a combination with other peroxides is used to ensure a broad reactivity range.

Trigonox B-C30 has been used as a radical initiator to induce free radical polymerization.
Trigonox B-C30 has also been used as a cetane enhancer in a study to determine the phase behavior of carboxylate-based extended surfactant reverse micellar microemulsions with ethanol and vegetable oil/diesel blends.

Trigonox B-C30 can be used for the market segments: polymer production, polymer crosslinking and acrylics production with their different applications/functions.
Trigonox B-C30 may also be used for the polymerization and copolymerization of styrene in the temperature range of 95-185°C.

In practice, combinations of two or more peroxides with diverging activities are used to reduce the residual monomer content in the final polymer and to increase reactor efficiency.
Trigonox B-C30 is used as an initiator for high-temperature, high-pressure polymerizations of ethylene and halogenated ethylene.

Trigonox B-C30 is used in the synthesis of polyketones.
Trigonox B-C30 is used as a finishing catalyst for polystyrene.
Trigonox B-C30 is used as a polymerization catalyst for acrylonitrile polymers and resins (including olefins, styrene, styrenated alkyds, and silicones).

Trigonox B-C30 is used as curing agent for styrenated alkyds and silicone rubbers.
Trigonox B-C30 is used as ignition accelerator for diesel fuels.
Trigonox B-C30 is used as a cross-linking agent (rubber and resins).

Trigonox B-C30 is used as initiator for the production of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).
Trigonox B-C30 is an efficient initiator (30% active ingredient in odorless mineral spirits) for the production of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).
Trigonox B-C30 is used for both tubular and autoclave processes.

In most cases a combination with other peroxides is used to ensure a broad reactivity range.
Trigonox B-C30 is used both for tubular and autoclave processes.
In most cases a combination with other peroxides is used to ensure a broad reactivity range.

Trigonox B-C30 is used in tube and autoclave processes.
In most cases, combinations with other peroxides are used to ensure a wide reaction range.

FUNCTION AND USE OF TRIGONOX B-C30:
Trigonox B-C30 is used as a modifier of drying oil, adding this product can significantly improve the drying properties of castor oil, whale oil, tung oil, soybean oil and linseed oil.

Adding to other plastics can improve Trigonox B-C30's gloss and chemical resistance.
As a crosslinking agent, Trigonox B-C30 can be used in silicone rubber, synthetic and natural rubber, polyethylene, EVA and EPT, etc.
As a polymerization initiator, Trigonox B-C30 can be used for polystyrene and polyethylene.

REACTIVITY PROFILE OF TRIGONOX B-C30:
The explosive instability of the lower dialkyl peroxides (e.g., dimethyl peroxide) and 1,1-bis-peroxides decreases rapidly with increasing chain length and degree of branching, the di-tert-alkyl derivatives being amongst the most stable class of peroxides.

Though many 1,1-bis-peroxides have been reported, few have been purified because of the higher explosion hazards compared with the monofunctional peroxides.
Trigonox B-C30 is unlikely that this derivative would be particularly unstable compared to other peroxides in it's class, Bretherick 1979v.

CHMEICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIGONOX B-C30:
Trigonox B-C30 consists of a peroxide group bonded to two tert-butyl groups.
Since the tert-butyl groups are bulky, Trigonox B-C30 is one of the most stable organic peroxides.

REACTIONS OF TRIGONOX B-C30:
The peroxide bond undergoes homolysis at temperatures above 100°C.
For this reason Trigonox B-C30 is commonly used as a radical initiator in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry.

The decomposition reaction proceeds via the generation of methyl radicals.
(CH3)3COOC(CH3)3 → 2 (CH3)3CO•(CH3)3CO• → (CH3)2CO + CH•3
2 CH•3 → C2H6
Trigonox B-C30 can in principle be used in engines where oxygen is limited, since the molecule supplies both the oxidizer and the fuel

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIGONOX B-C30:
Chemical formula: C8H18O2
Molar mass: 146.230 g•mol−1
Density: 0.796 g/cm3
Melting point: −40 °C (−40 °F; 233 K)
Boiling point: 109 to 111 °C (228 to 232 °F; 382 to 384 K)
CAS Number: 110-05-4
Molecular Weight: 146.23
Beilstein: 1735581
EC Number: 203-733-6
MDL number: MFCD00008803
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: very faint

Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: < -29 °C -
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 109 - 110 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: > 99 %(V)
Flash point: 6 °C at ca.1.013 hPa - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 7,5 mPa.s at 20 °C
Water solubility: 0,171 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:

log Pow: 3,2 at 22 °C
Vapor pressure: 53 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,796 g/mL at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Weight: 146.23 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 146.130679813 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass: 146.130679813 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 18.5Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 80.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS number: 110-05-4
EC index number: 617-001-00-2
EC number: 203-733-6
Hill Formula: C₈H₁₈O₂
Molar Mass: 146.23 g/mol
HS Code: 2909 60 90
Density: 0.80 g/cm3 (20 °C)

Flash point: 6 °C
Ignition temperature: 182 °C
Melting Point: -40 °C
Vapor pressure: 53 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 0.063 g/l
CBNumber:CB8852799
Molecular Formula:C8H18O2
Molecular Weight:146.23
MDL Number:MFCD00008803
MOL File:110-05-4.mol
Melting point: -30 °C
Boiling point: 109-110 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.796 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 40 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.3891(lit.)
Flash point: 34 °F
storage temp.: Store at +15°C to +25°C.
solubility: 0.063g/l
form: Liquid

color: Clear
Odor: distinctive odor
Water Solubility: immiscible
Merck: 14,3461
BRN: 1735581
Stability: May decompose explosively if heated,
subjected to shock, or treated with reducing agents.
InChIKey: LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.2 at 22℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 110-05-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE
FDA 21 CFR: 176.170; 177.2600
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: M7ZJ88F4R1
NIST Chemistry Reference: Di-tert-butyl peroxide(110-05-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: Di-tert-butyl peroxide (110-05-4)
Molecular formula: C8H18O2
Molecular weight: 146.22 CAS number: 110-05-4
Density: 0.794(20℃)

Melting point: -40℃.
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C8H18O2 = 146.23
Physical State (20 deg.C): Liquid
Storage Temperature: <0°C
Condition to Avoid: Heat Sensitive
CAS RN: 110-05-4
Reaxys Registry Number: 1735581
PubChem Substance ID: 87558545
Merck Index (14): 3461
Melting Point: -30°C
Density: 0.8000g/mL
Boiling Point: 109°C to 110°C
Flash Point: 6°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 0.1% max. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (GC)
Linear Formula: (CH3)3COOC(CH3)3
Refractive Index: 1.3880 to 1.39
Merck Index: 15, 3508
Specific Gravity: 0.8

Solubility Information: Solubility in water: immiscible.
Other solubilities: soluble in most organic solvents
IUPAC Name: 2-tert-butylperoxy-2-methylpropane
Viscosity: 0.9 mPa.s (20°C)
Formula Weight: 146.23
Percent Purity: 99%
Physical Form: Liquid
Color: Clear
Water Solubility: immiscible
Formula: C₈H₁₈O₂
MW: 146,23 g/mol
Boiling Pt: 109 °C (1013 hPa)
Melting Pt: < –25 °C
Density: 0,798 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Flash Pt: 12 °C
MDL Number: MFCD00008803
CAS Number: 110-05-4
EINECS: 203-733-6
Merck Index: 12,03515

FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIGONOX B-C30:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIGONOX B-C30:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIGONOX B-C30:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIGONOX B-C30:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Respirator.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIGONOX B-C30:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature:
2 - 8 °C

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIGONOX B-C30:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

Trigonox C a chemical compound from the group of peresters (compounds containing the general structure R1-C(O)OO-R2) which contains a phenyl group as R1 and a tert-butyl group as R2.
Trigonox C is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a mild aromatic odor.
Trigonox C is the most widely produced perester.

CAS Number: 614-45-9
EC Number: 210-382-2
MDL Number: MFCD00008802
Molecular Formula : C11H14O3
Linear Formula: C6H5COOOC(CH3)3
Chemical name: tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate
Product Type: Crosslinking Catalysts / Accelerators / Initiators > Organic Peroxides
Chemical Composition: Tert-butyl peroxybenzoate

Trigonox C is a monofunctional peroxide which is used for the crosslinking of natural and synthetic rubbers, as well as thermoplastic polyolefins.
Trigonox C is a monofunctional peroxide, the chemical name is tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, and it is an aromatic peroxide used for high temperature curing of Unsaturated Polyester resins.

Safe processing temperature: 100°C (rheometer ts2 > 20 min.). Typical crosslinking temperature: 140°C (rheometer t90 about 12 min.).
Trigonox C is clear, colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a mild, aromatic odor.
Trigonox C also is stored and transported as a mixture with inert solids and as a solvent slurry, to mitigate the explosion hazard.

Air & Water Reactions of Trigonox C: insoluble in water.
Trigonox C is soluble in ether, alcohol, ester, and ketones.
Trigonox C is insoluble in water.

Trigonox C is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Trigonox C is colourless or slightly yellow liquid.
Trigonox C, [<= 50% with inert inorganic solid] is a clear, colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a mild, aromatic odor. Also stored and transported as a mixture with inert solids and as a solvent slurry, to mitigate the explosion hazard.

Trigonox C is a clear, colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a mild, aromatic odor.
Trigonox C also is stored and transported as a mixture with inert solids and as a solvent slurry, to mitigate the explosion hazard.
Trigonox C is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CO2CMe3 (Me = CH3).
Trigonox C is the most widely produced perester.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIGONOX C:
Trigonox C is often used for reduction of residual styrene content during the final polymerization stage.
Trigonox C is used as initiator in co-polymerization of Ethylene, Styrene, Acrylonitrile, Vinyl Acetate,Acrylate and Metacrylates.
Trigonox C is used during styrene co-polymerization at temperatures between 100-140°C.

Trigonox C is used as an initiator for high-pressure polyethylene, silicone rubber curing agent, unsaturated polyester curing agent.
Cosmetic Uses: uv absorbers
Trigonox C is used as a catalyst in the preparation of paper strengthening agents for papermaking.

Trigonox C is used as polymerization initiator (polyethylene, polystyrene, polyacrylates, and polyesters) and curing agent (unsaturated polyesters and silicon rubber).
Trigonox C is also used as a chemical intermediate; [HSDB]
Trigonox C, 98%+ Cas 614-45-9 - used preparation of conformal poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) thin films via initiated chemical vapor deposition.

Application area can be: air drying lacquers, diplacquers, filament winding, etc.
Common Applications of Trigonox C: Trigonox C is used for the crosslinking of natural and synthetic rubbers, as well as thermoplastic polyolefins.
Trigonox C is used for the cross-linking of natural and synthetic rubbers, as well as thermoplastic polyolefins.
Being thermally unstable substances, Trigonox C may undergo self accelerating decomposition.

Trigonox C is used in wire and cable applications.
In the temperature range of 100-170°C, Trigonox C can be used as an initiator for the solution polymerization or copolymerization of acrylate and methacrylate, especially for the production of coatings.
Trigonox C can also be used as initiator for bulk and suspension polymerization or copolymerization of acrylate and methacrylate.

Trigonox C is preferentially used for thermocompression molding of unsaturated polyester resins (SMC, BMC, etc.) within the temperature range of 120-170°C.
Trigonox C can also be used in combination with highly active peroxides such as Perkadox 16 or Trigonox HM as co-accelerators for pultrusion processes in the range of 100-150 °C
Trigonox C is used as an initiator of radical polymerizatio in the production of polymeric materials.

Trigonox C is used as a hardener for polyester resins.
Trigonox C is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Other release to the environment of Trigonox C is likely to occur from: indoor use.
Trigonox C is used in the following products: polymers.

Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Trigonox C is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and rubber products.
Release to the environment of Trigonox C can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Trigonox C can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

Trigonox C is used for elevatedtemperaturecuring of polyesters and to initiatepolymerization reactions.
Trigonox C was employed as polymerization and cross-linking catalyst.
Trigonox C was also was employed as initiator during ?grafting of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO)-4-oxyacetamido-(3 propyltriethoxysilane) to poly(ethylene co-octene and in preparation of conformal poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) thin films via initiated chemical vapor deposition.

Uses of Trigonox C: Polymerization initiator for polyethylene, polystyrene, polyacrylates, and polyesters; chem- ical intermediate.
Trigonox C is used as a polymerization initiator and as a chemical intermediate.
Trigonox C is often used as a radical initiator in polymerization reactions, such as the production of LDPE from ethylene, and for crosslinking, such as for unsaturated polyester resins.

-Applications of Trigonox C:
• Standard initiator in BMC, SMC and pultrusion
• High purity, stability, low volatility
• Can be accelerated with metal-based promoters

-Polymerization of styrene:
Trigonox C may be used for the (co)polymerization of styrene in the temperature range of 100-140°C.
In practice, combinations of two or more peroxides with diverging activities are used to reduce the residual monomer content in the final polymer and to increase reactor efficiency.

-Polymerization of styrene:
Trigonox C may be used for the (co)polymerization of styrene in the temperature range of 100- 140°C.
In practice, combinations of two or more peroxides with diverging activities are used to reduce the residual monomer content in the final polymer and to increase reactor efficiency.

-Polymerization of ethylene:
Trigonox C is an efficient initiator for the ethylene polymerization at high pressure in both autoclave and tubular processes.
To obtain a wide spectrum of polymerization temperatures, Trigonox C is often used in combination with other peroxides.
Depending on reaction conditions, Trigonox C is active in the temperature range of 220-270°C.

-In polymer chemistry:
Primarily, Trigonox C is used as a radical initiator, either in the polymerization of e.g. ethylene (to LDPE), vinyl chloride, styrene or acrylic esters or as so-called unsaturated polyester resins (UP resins).
The quantity used for the curing of UP resins is about 1-2%.
A disadvantage, particularly in the production of polymers for applications in the food or cosmetics sector, is the possible formation of benzene as a decomposition product which can diffuse out of the polymer (for example, an LDPE packaging film).

-In organic chemistry:
The protecting group 2-trimethylsilylethanesulfonyl chloride (SES-Cl) for primary and secondary amino groups is accessible by the reaction of vinyltrimethylsilane with sodium hydrogensulfite and Trigonox C to the sodium salt of trimethylsilylethanesulfonic acid and the subsequent reaction with thionyl chloride to the corresponding sulfonyl chloride.

-Polymerization of acrylates and methacrylates:
Trigonox C may be used as an initiator for the bulk, suspension and solution (co)polymerization of acrylates and methacrylates in the temperature range of 90-130°C.
-For Crosslinking:
Trigonox C is a monofunctional peroxide which is used for the crosslinking of natural rubber and synthetic rubbers, as well as polyolefins.

-For Thermoset:
Trigonox C, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, is an aromatic perester, which is used for the curing of unsaturated polyester resins at elevated temperatures.
Trigonox C is preferred for the curing of UP resin based Hot Press Moulding formulations (SMC, BMC etc.) in the temperature range of 120-170°C.
Trigonox C can also be used in combination with high reactive peroxides like Perkadox 16 or Trigonox HMa as kicker in formulations for pultrusion in the temperature range of 100-150°C.
In combination with a cobalt accelerator (e.g. Accelerator NL-53N, 10% cobalt), Trigonox C is also applicable for the cure of UP resins in the temperature range of 70°C and higher.

RAW MATERIALS OF TRIGONOX C:
Raw Materials
*Benzoyl chloride
*Hydrogen peroxide
*tert-Butanol

DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES OF TRIGONOX C:
Trigonox C is yellowish liquid which has C11H14O3 as chemical formula.
Trigonox C is a low volatility, high purity, aromatic peroxyester. which is effective as medium temperature initiator for polymerization of a broad spectrum of monomers, per example acrylics, ethylene and styrene.
Trigonox C is also used to cure (copolymerization) unsaturated polyester resins at elevated temperatures.
Further Trigonox C is used as catalyst for crosslinking synthetic rubbers like EPR, EPDM and NBR.
Crosslinking catalyst for natural and synthetic rubber materials

PROPERTIES OF TRIGONOX C:
Trigonox C, which is pale yellow, is exclusively encountered as a solution in solvents such as ethanol or phthalate.
As peroxo compound, Trigonox C contains about 8.16 wt% of active oxygen and has a self accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) of about 60 °C.
The SADT is the lowest temperature at which self-accelerating decomposition in the transport packaging can occur within a week, and which should not be exceeded while storage or transportation.
Trigonox Cshould therefore be stored between minimum 10 °C (below solidification) and maximum 50 °C.

Dilution with a high-boiling solvent increases the SADT.
The half-life of Trigonox C, in which 50% of the peroxy ester is decomposed, is 10 hours at 104 °C, one hour at 124 °C and one minute at 165 °C.
Amines, metal ions, strong acids and bases, as well as strong reducing and oxidizing agents accelerate the decomposition of Trigonox C even in low concentrations.
However, Trigonox C is one of the safest peresters or organic peroxides in handling.
The main decomposition products of Trigonox C are carbon dioxide, acetone, methane, tert-butanol, benzoic acid and benzene.

REACTIVITY PROFILE OF TRIGONOX C:
Trigonox C explodes with great violence when rapidly heated to a critical temperature; pure form is shock sensitive and detonable.
Upon contact with organic matter, t-butyl peroxybenzoate can ignite or give rise to an explosion.
Trigonox C was employed as polymerization and cross-linking catalyst.
Trigonox C was also was employed as initiator during grafting of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO)-4-oxyacetamido-(3 propyltriethoxysilane) to poly(ethylene co-octene and in preparation of conformal poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) thin films via initiated chemical vapor deposition.

PRODUCTION OF TRIGONOX C:
A standard procedure for the preparation of peresters is the acylation of Trigonox C with benzoyl chloride.
In the reaction a large excess of Trigonox C is used and the hydrogen chloride formed is removed in vacuo whereby a virtually quantitative yield is obtained.
Trigonox C can be used to introduce a benzoyloxy group in the allyl position of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
From cyclohexene, 3-benzoyloxycyclohexene is formed with Trigonox C in the presence of catalytic amounts of copper(I)bromide in 71 to 80% yield.

This allylic oxidation of alkenes, also known as Kharasch-Sosnovsky oxidation, generates racemic allylic benzoates in the presence of catalytic amounts of copper(I)bromide.
A modification of the reaction utilizes copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate as a catalyst and DBN or DBU as bases to achieve yields up to 80% in the reaction of acyclic olefins with Trigonox C to allylic benzoates.

Substituted oxazolines and thiazolines can be oxidized to the corresponding oxazoles and thiazoles in a modified Kharash-Sosnovsky oxidation with Trigonox C and a mixture of Cu(I) and Cu(II) salts in suitable yields.
The carboalkoxy group at the C-4 position is essential a successful reaction.
Benzene and furans can be alkenylated with olefins in an oxidative coupling under palladium salt catalysis, with Trigonox C as hydrogen acceptor.
In the absence of Pd2+ salts, the aromatics are benzoxylated.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIGONOX C:
Physical state clear, liquid
Color: light yellow
Odor: weakly aromatic
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 9 - 11 °C at 1.013
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 75 - 76 °C at 0,3 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point 93,4 °C - closed cup - Decomposition
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: > 60 °C
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 7,5 mPa.s at 20 °C
Water solubility: 1,18 g/l - soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 3 at 25 °C - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: < 0,003 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,021 g/mL at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 6,71 - (Air = 1.0)

Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.02100 @ 25.00 °C.
Melting Point: 8.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 282.40 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.330000 mmHg @ 50.00 °C.
Flash Point: 200.00 °F. TCC ( 93.33 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.330 (est)
Soluble in: water, 159.2 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Melting point: 8 °C
Boiling point: 75-76 °C/0.2 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.021 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 6.7 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 3.36 mm Hg ( 50 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.499(lit.)
Flash point: 200 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: water: soluble1.18g/L
form: Liquid
color: Clear yellow
Water Solubility: Immiscible
BRN: 1342734
Stability: Stable.

Incompatible with a wide range of organic materials - oxidizer.
May react violently with organic compounds.
InChIKey: GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3 at 25℃
Appearance : clear liquid
Color : 100 Pt-Co/APHA max
Active oxygen : 8.07% min
TBHP as Hydroperoxides : 0.10% max
Density, 20 ℃ : 1.04g/cm3
Viscosity, 20 ℃ : 6.5 mPa.s
Purity : one hundred%
Appearance : clear liquid
Color : 100 Pt-Co/APHA max
Experiment : 98.0% min
Active oxygen : 8.07% min
TBHP as Hydroperoxides : 0.10% max
Density, 20 ℃ : 1.04g/cm3
Viscosity, 20 ℃ : 6.5 mPa.s

Refractive Index: n20/D 1.499(lit.)
Colorless: liquid.
Freezing point of 8.5 deg C,
boiling point of 112 deg C (decomposition),75-76 deg C (2.67kPa)
the relative density of 1.021(20/4 deg C)
the refractive index of 1.4490
Flash point 93 °c.
Soluble in alcohol, ether, Ester and ketone, insoluble in water.
Slightly aromatic odor, stable at room temperature.
Molecular Formula: C11H14O3
Molar Mass: 194.23
Density: 1.021 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: 8 °C
Boling Point: 75-76 °C/0.2 mmHg (lit.)
Flash Point: 200°F
Water Solubility: Immiscible
Solubility: DMSO: 22.5 mg/mL( < 1 mg/ml refers to the product slightly soluble or insoluble)
Vapor Presure: 3.36 mm Hg ( 50 °C)
Vapor Density: 6.7 (vs air)

Appearance: Liquid
Color: Clear yellow
BRN: 1342734
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Stability: Stable.
Melting Point: 8.0°C
Color: Yellow
Density: 1.0400g/mL
Boiling Point: 75.0°C to 76.0°C (0.2mmHg)
Flash Point: 93°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 98%
Molecular Formula: C11H14O3
Linear Formula: C6H5CO2OC(CH3)3
Refractive Index: 1.4980 to 1.5000
Quantity: 1 kg
Beilstein: 09, IV, 715
Fieser: 01,98; 02,54; 04,66; 07,49; 09,90; 13,58
Viscosity: 6 mPa.s (20°C)
Formula Weight: 194.23
Percent Purity: 98%
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate, 98%

Molecular Weight: 194.23
XLogP3-AA: 2.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 194.094294304
Monoisotopic Mass: 194.094294304
Topological Polar Surface Area: 35.5 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 187
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical State : Liquid
Solubility : Soluble in ether, alcohol, ester, and ketones. Insoluble in water.
Storage : Store at 4° C
Melting Point : 9-11° C
Boiling Point : 75-76° C (lit.) at 0.2 mmHg
Density : 1.021 g/mL at 25° C (lit.)
Refractive Index : n20D 1.50

FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIGONOX C:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIGONOX C:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIGONOX C:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIGONOX C:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter B-(P2)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIGONOX C:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
No data available

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIGONOX C:
-Chemical stability
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

SYNONYMS:
Tretbutylperbenzoate
TBPB
TRIGONOX C
Trigonox C
Luperox P
tert-butyl peroxybenzoate
tert-butyl perbenzoate
t-butyl perbenzoate
chaloxyd tbpb
perbutyl z
esperox 10
novox
trigonox c
tert-butyl peroxy benzoate
terc.butylperbenzoan
tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate
614-45-9
tert-Butyl perbenzoate
tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate
t-Butyl perbenzoate
Chaloxyd tbpb
Perbutyl Z
Esperox 10
tert-Butyl peroxy benzoate
Terc.butylperbenzoan
Benzoyl tert-butyl peroxide
Peroxybenzoic acid, tert-butyl ester
Benzenecarboperoxoic acid, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester
t-Butyl peroxybenzoate
Perbenzoate de butyle tertiaire
tert-butyl benzoperoxoate
DTXSID9024699
NSC-674
54E39145KT
benzenecarboperoxoic acid tert-butyl ester
Trigonox C
DTXCID904699
tert-butylperoxybenzoate
t-Butyl peroxy benzoate
CAS-614-45-9
CCRIS 6217
HSDB 2891
NSC 674
Perbenzoic acid, tert-butyl ester
Tert butyl peroxybenzoate
EINECS 210-382-2
BRN 1342734
PEROXYBENZOIC ACID, T-BUTYL ESTER
AI3-06625
UNII-54E39145KT
t-butylperbenzoate
t-butyl per benzoate
t-butyl-peroxybenzoate
terc.Butylester kyseliny peroxybenzoove
tert-butyl-perbenzoate
tert.butyl perbenzoate
tert. butyl perbenzoate
t-butyl benzoyl peroxide
tertiary butyl perbenzoate
tert-butyl peroxy-benzoate
EC 210-382-2
SCHEMBL22820
WLN: 1X1&1&OOVR
NSC674
CHEMBL1328092
BUTYL PEROXYBENZOATE, TERT-
ZINC1596408
Tox21_202287
Tox21_300070
AKOS015890015
T-BUTYL BENZOYL PEROXIDE [INCI]
NCGC00091791-01
NCGC00091791-02
NCGC00091791-03
NCGC00091791-04
NCGC00254006-01
NCGC00259836-01
Benzenecarboperoxoic acid,1-dimethylethyl ester
EN300-129025
Luperox(R) P
tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate, 98%
PEROXYBENZOIC ACID, T-BUTYL ESTER [HSDB]
Q14469782
tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate, technical, >=95.0% (RT)
Benzoyl tert-butyl peroxide
CP 02
CP 02 (catalyst)
Chaloxyd TBPB
Chaloxyd
TBPB-HA-M 1
Esperox 10
Interox TBPB-HA-M 1
Kayabutyl B
LQ-TBPB
Link-Cup
TBPB
Luperox P
Luperox PXL
NSC 674
Norox TBPB
Perbutyl Z
TBPB
TBPB-HA-M 1
TBPB-HA-M 3
TC 5
TC 5 (vulcanizer)
Trigonox 93
Trigonox C
Trigonox C 50D
V 73
t-Butyl peroxybenzoate
tert-Butyl benzoyl peroxide
tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate
tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate
Benzenecarboperoxoic acid, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester
Benzoyl tert-butyl peroxide
Chaloxyd TBPB; Esperox 10
Novox; Perbenzoate de butyle tertiaire [French]
Perbenzoic acid, tert-butyl ester
Perbutyl Z
Peroxybenzoic acid, tert-butyl ester
Trigonox C
t-Butyl perbenzoate
t-Butyl peroxy benzoate
UN3103
Benzoyl tert-butyl peroxide
Peroxybenzoic acid, tert-butyl ester
tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate
Benzenecarboperoxoic acid, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester
tert-Butyl perbenzoate
Peroxybenzoic acid, t-butyl ester
TBPB
novox
esperox10
Trigonox?C
chaloxydtbpb
butylperoxybenzoate
Butylperoxybenzoate
tert-Butyl perbenzoate
Tert-Buty Peroxybenzoate
tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate
benzoyltert-butylperoxide
perbenzoatedebutyletertiaire
tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate
perbenzoatedebutyletertiaire(french)
Benzenecarboperoxoicacid,1,1-dimethylethylester

Advances in technological development over the last couple of centuries have led to the use of synthetic carbon-based polymers for everyday household and office items, where once wood or metal were desired.
The high fuel values for some of these materials could pose danger where risk of combustion is high; therefore, flame retardants have been introduced into and coating for electronic devices.
Triisobutyl phosphate have a broad application field and good fire safety performance.

CAS: 126-71-6
MF: C12H27O4P
MW: 266.31
EINECS: 204-798-3

Triisobutyl phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate.
Triisobutyl phosphate, sometimes known as Phosphoric acid triisobutyl ester, is a very strong polar solvent.
Triisobutyl phosphate is primarily used as an admixture for liquefying concrete, paper coating systems, and textile auxiliaries.
Triisobutyl phosphate is used in various applications, including the following:
Triisobutyl phosphate has the ability to inhibit the formation of foam as well as destroy it.

Thus, Triisobutyl phosphate can be used as an antifoam agent in a range of aqueous systems.
Triisobutyl phosphate is manufactured by a reaction between phosphoryl chloride with n-butanol.
Triisobutyl phosphate guarantees exceptional dispersing performance and provides excellent compatibility with various application systems.
Triisobutyl phosphate is used in cellulose-based plastics and synthetic resins.
Triisobutyl phosphate also plays an important role in the production of most synthetic resins and natural rubber.
Triisobutyl phosphate can also act as an agent for pigment pastes.

In the textile sector and adhesives industry, triisobutyl phosphate is used as a liquefying agent for concrete, for textile auxiliaries, plastic dispersion, paper coating, and glues.
Triisobutyl phosphate is considered a strong wetting agent, widely used in the textile industry.
Due to Triisobutyl phosphate's reduced surface tension that makes it almost impossible to dissolve in water, TiBP is used as a defoamer to prevent foams.
Triisobutyl phosphate also serves as an important anti-foaming agent for oil and gas cementing applications.

Triisobutyl phosphate possesses fire-retardant properties that can be utilised in plastics and synthetic resin applications as well as the synthesis of synthetic rubber.
As a neutral extractant, Triisobutyl phosphate can extract both metal and acid cations. Subsequently, Triisobutyl phosphate is one of the most effective water-insoluble agents used to control the amount of air in cement-based applications.
Triisobutyl phosphate acts as a defoaming agent for concrete admixtures to help stabilise microscopic air content in concrete.

This drastically improves the durability and texture of concrete mixtures exposed to constant thawing and freezing from temperature changes.
Furthermore, Triisobutyl phosphate helps increase the concrete’s endurance to surface scaling, reduce segregation and bleeding and improve the workability of fresh concrete.
Triisobutyl phosphate, known commonly as TBP, is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2CH2CH2O)3PO.
Triisobutyl phosphatecolourless, odorless liquid finds some applications as an extractant and a plasticizer.
Triisobutyl phosphate is an ester of phosphoric acid with n-butanol.

Triisobutyl phosphate is a very strong, polar solvent.
Triisobutyl phosphate is mainly used as an antifoaming agent in various aqueous systems where it has the ability to both destroy foam and act as a foam inhibitor.
Triisobutyl phosphate is also used in the production of solutions of synthetic resins and natural rubber.
In both cellulose-based plastics and synthetic resins, Triisobutyl phosphate is used as a flame-retarding plasticizer.
Triisobutyl phosphate is employed as a pasting agent for pigment pastes.
Due to the limited influence of temperature on the viscosity of Triisobutyl phosphate, it also serves as an important component in the manufacture of hydraulic fluids for aircraft.
As a very strong wetting agent, Triisobutyl phosphate is used in the textile industry and in the field of adhesives.

Triisobutyl phosphate Chemical Properties
Boiling point: ~205 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.965 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.002 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.420
Fp: 150 °C
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: 0.26g/l
Form: Oil
Color: Colourless
Water Solubility: 264mg/L at 25℃
InChIKey: HRKAMJBPFPHCSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.72 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 126-71-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Triisobutyl phosphate (126-71-6)

Uses
Triisobutyl phosphate are used as flame retardants, plasticizers, hydraulic fluids, solvents, extraction agents, antifoam agents.
Triisobutyl phosphate flame retardants enter the environment from industrial sources and disposal of consumer products containing flame retardants.
These anthropogenic compounds have been detected in water, soil, and air owing to widespread use following their fast emergence and popularization during 1970s.
Occurrence of these Triisobutyl phosphate flame retardants is widespread in surface water and groundwater because of the leaching of PVC plastics and polyurethane foams, effluent from industrial sources, and spills of hydraulic fluids.

This primary contaminated water is then transported to a secondary source, such as drinking water.
Hydrolysis, although slow because of poor solubility and pH dependence, is the most important abiotic elimination process.
In soil and sediment, Triisobutyl phosphate flame retardants are persistent because they have the tendency to adsorb strongly.
Volatilization and biodegradation are potential elimination processes for Triisobutyl phosphate adsorbed to soil.

Environmental persistency (degradation/speciation)
These retardants can change chemical composition in the environment.
Generally, most Triisobutyl phosphate are poorly soluble in water and adsorb strongly to soils.
Triisobutyl phosphate are considered emerging pollutants because of their prevalence and persistence in the environment.
Particulate-phase Triisobutyl phosphate are subject to wet and dry deposition, whereas semi-volatile phosphate esters have the potential to hydrolyze to diesters, monoesters, and phosphoric acid.
There is no information available that suggests that selected Triisobutyl phosphate flame retardants undergo transformation or degradation in the atmosphere.

Long-range Transport
Triisobutyl phosphate is highly dependent on the specific compound.
Triisobutyl phosphate are subject to biodegradation in aquatic and terrestrial environments.
Triisobutyl phosphate is found in the groundwater downgradient of a landfill.
Triisobutyl phosphate is also a flame retardant and plasticizer.

Triisobutyl phosphate is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate.
Triisobutyl phosphate is also used as a flame retardant for cellulose fabrics such as cotton.
Triisobutyl phosphate forms stable hydrophobic complexes with some metals; these complexes are soluble in organic solvents as well as supercritical CO2.
The major uses of Triisobutyl phosphate in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid, brake fluid, and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare-earth metals from their ores.
Triisobutyl phosphate finds its use as a solvent in inks, synthetic resins, gums, adhesives (namely for veneer plywood), and herbicide and fungicide concentrates.

As Triisobutyl phosphate has no odour, it is used as an anti-foaming agent in detergent solutions, and in various emulsions, paints, and adhesives.
Triisobutyl phosphate is also found as a de-foamer in ethylene glycol-borax antifreeze solutions.
In oil-based lubricants addition of Triisobutyl phosphate increases the oil film strength.
Triisobutyl phosphate is used also in mercerizing liquids, where it improves their wetting properties.
Triisobutyl phosphate can be used as a heat-exchange medium.
Triisobutyl phosphate is used in some consumer products such as herbicides and water-thinned paints and tinting bases.

Nuclear Chemistry
Triisobutyl phosphate is used in combination with di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid for the solvent extraction of uranium, as part of the purification of natural ores.
Triisobutyl phosphate is also used in nuclear reprocessing as part of the PUREX process.
A 15–40% (usually about 30%) solution of Triisobutyl phosphate in kerosene or dodecane is used in the liquid–liquid extraction (solvent extraction) of uranium, plutonium, and thorium from spent uranium nuclear fuel rods dissolved in nitric acid.

Environmental Fate
Routes and pathways relevant physicochemical properties (e.g., solubility, Pow, Henry constant.)consumer and industrial items and play an important role in safeguarding life and property.
A large and diverse group of anthropogenic compounds constitute flame retardants, which are added to combustible materials to render them more resistant to ignition.
They are designed to minimize the risk of a fire in the event of contact with a small heat source such as a cigarette.
A wide range of different flame retardants is produced, because many materials and products that are to be rendered fire safe are very different in nature and composition.
Therefore, having variety in flame retardant products is necessary so as to retain key material functionality.

For example, plastics have a wide range of mechanical and chemical properties and differ in combustion behavior.
These materials in particular are the main focus of phosphate ester flame retardants.
Phosphate esters are derivatives of tri protic acid, phosphoric acid, with a general formula of RxH3°xPO4.
Flame retardants are composed of a group of chemicals with similar properties but slightly different structures.
They are typically liquids and some are solids at room temperature.
Some examples of the phosphate ester flame retardants include: tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP), tributyl phosphate (TnBP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCP), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), tris(2-chloro-isopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), and triisobutyl phosphate (TiBP).
These compounds are trisubstituted and categorized as alkyl (TnBP, TiBP), alkyl ether (TBEP), chloroalkyl (TCEP, TCPP, TDCP), and aryl (TPP) phosphate esters.

Production
Triisobutyl phosphate is manufactured by reaction of phosphoryl chloride with n-butanol.

POCl3 + 3 C4H9OH → PO(OC4H9)3 + 3 HCl
Production is estimated at 3,000–5,000 tonnes worldwide.

Synonyms
TRIISOBUTYL PHOSPHATE
126-71-6
Tri-isobutylphosphate
tri-isobutyl phosphate
Isobutyl phosphate
tris(2-methylpropyl) phosphate
Phosphoric acid, tris(2-methylpropyl) ester
Phosphoric acid triisobutyl ester
Phosphoric acid, triisobutyl ester
6MKE1AR3GB
DTXSID8040698
NSC-62222
C12H27O4P
EINECS 204-798-3
UNII-6MKE1AR3GB
NSC 62222
BRN 1710574
tibp
AI3-07850
EC 204-798-3
NCIOpen2_002692
Phosphoricacidtriisobutylester
4-01-00-01598 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
SCHEMBL133326
CHEMBL1887508
DTXCID6020698
CHEBI:189140
Isobutyl phosphate, (C4H9O)3PO
NSC62222
Tox21_301244
MFCD00039849
AKOS015841700
CS-W023038
NCGC00164020-01
NCGC00255412-01
AS-13612
CAS-126-71-6
Phosphoric acid tris(2-methylpropyl) ester
FT-0688145
D70387
J-005424
J-525095
Q15632813

Triisobutyl Phosphate About Triisobutyl phosphate Triisobutyl phosphate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 per annum. Triisobutyl phosphate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing. Consumer Uses of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Triisobutyl phosphate is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, adhesives and sealants, washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases, finger paints and leather treatment products. Other release to the environment of Triisobutyl phosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Article service life of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Other release to the environment of Triisobutyl phosphate is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment). Triisobutyl phosphate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles. Triisobutyl phosphate can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones). Widespread uses by professional workers of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Triisobutyl phosphate is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products, hydraulic fluids, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids. Triisobutyl phosphate is used in the following areas: building & construction work and scientific research and development. Triisobutyl phosphate is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles. Other release to the environment of Triisobutyl phosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Formulation or re-packing of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Triisobutyl phosphate is used in the following products: metal working fluids, adhesives and sealants, anti-freeze products, coating products, hydraulic fluids, lubricants and greases, washing & cleaning products, extraction agents and oil and gas exploration or production products. Release to the environment of Triisobutyl phosphate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials. Uses at industrial sites of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Triisobutyl phosphate is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, hydraulic fluids, heat transfer fluids, metal working fluids, oil and gas exploration or production products and textile treatment products and dyes. Triisobutyl phosphate is used in the following areas: mining and building & construction work. Triisobutyl phosphate is used for the manufacture of: pulp, paper and paper products, textile, leather or fur, rubber products and plastic products. Release to the environment of Triisobutyl phosphate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as processing aid. Manufacture of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Release to the environment of Triisobutyl phosphate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance. Analysis Note Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a) Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.963 - 0.967 Identity (IR): passes test Triisobutyl phosphate is a very strong solvent used for liquefying concrete, textile auxiliaries, paper coating compounds, etc. TiBT (Triisobutyl phosphate) is a very strong, polar solvent. Triisobutyl phosphate is mainly used as an antifoaming agent in various aqueous systems where it has the ability to both destroy foam and act as a foam inhibitor. Triisobutyl phosphate is also used in the roduction of solutions of synthetic resins and natural rubber. In both ellulose-based plastics and synthetic resins, it is used as a flame-retarding plasticizer. Triisobutyl phosphate is employed as a pasting agent for pigment pastes. Due to the limited influence of temperature on the viscosity of Triisobutyl phosphate, it also serves as an important component in the manufacture of hydraulic fluids for aircraft. As a very strong wetting agent, Triisobutyl phosphate is used in the textile industry and in the field of adhesives. Bussiness Unit of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) : Rhein Chemie Additives Areas of Applications of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Antifoam tetile Building industry Concrete additives Construction material Glues and adhesives Catalysis and Chemicals Processing Chemical synthesis Textile Paper and board Manufacturing of glues and adhesives Textiles and fibres Properties & Benefits of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) strong solvent strong antifoaming agent strong wetting agent Synonyms of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Phosphoric acid triisobutylester Triisobutyl phosphate Tri-iso-butylphosphate Triisobutylphosphate Triisobutyl phosphate, known commonly as TIBP, is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2CH2CH2O)3PO. This colourless, odorless liquid finds some applications as an extractant and a plasticizer. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with n-butanol. Production of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Triisobutyl phosphate is manufactured by reaction of phosphoryl chloride with n-butanol. POCl3 + 3 C4H9OH → PO(OC4H9)3 + 3 HCl Production is estimated at 3,000–5,000 tonnes worldwide. Use of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) Triisobutyl phosphate is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate. It forms stable hydrophobic complexes with some metals; these complexes are soluble in organic solvents as well as supercritical CO2. The major uses of Triisobutyl phosphate in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid, brake fluid, and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare-earth metals from their ores. Triisobutyl phosphate finds its use as a solvent in inks, synthetic resins, gums, adhesives (namely for veneer plywood), and herbicide and fungicide concentrates. As it has no odour, it is used as an anti-foaming agent in detergent solutions, and in various emulsions, paints, and adhesives. Triisobutyl phosphate is also found as a de-foamer in ethylene glycol-borax antifreeze solutions. In oil-based lubricants addition of Triisobutyl phosphate increases the oil film strength. Triisobutyl phosphate is used also in mercerizing liquids, where it improves their wetting properties. It can be used as a heat-exchange medium. Triisobutyl phosphate is used in some consumer products such as herbicides and water-thinned paints and tinting bases. Nuclear chemistry of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) A 15–40% (usually about 30%) solution of Triisobutyl phosphate in kerosene or dodecane is used in the liquid–liquid extraction (solvent extraction) of uranium, plutonium, and thorium from spent uranium nuclear fuel rods dissolved in nitric acid, as part of a nuclear reprocessing process known as PUREX. The shipment of 20 tons of Triisobutyl phosphate to North Korea from China in 2002, coinciding with the resumption of activity at Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center, was seen by the United States and the International Atomic Energy Agency as cause for concern; that amount was considered sufficient to extract enough material for perhaps three to five potential nuclear weapons. Hazards of Triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) In contact with concentrated nitric acid the Triisobutyl phosphate-kerosene solution forms hazardous and explosive red oil. Triisobutyl phosphate is a toxic organophosphorous compound widely used in many industrial applications, including significant usage in nuclear processing. The industrial application of this chemical is responsible for occupational exposure and environmental pollution. In this study, (1)H NMR-based metabonomics has been applied to investigate the metabolic response to Triisobutyl phosphate exposure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a Triisobutyl phosphate-dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, followed by 24hr urine collection, as was previously demonstrated for finding most of the intermediates of Triisobutyl phosphate. High-resolution (1)H NMR spectroscopy of urine samples in conjunction with statistical pattern recognition and compound identification allowed for the metabolic changes associated with Triisobutyl phosphate treatment to be identified. Discerning NMR spectral regions corresponding to three Triisobutyl phosphate metabolites, dibutyl phosphate (DBP), N-acetyl-(S-3-hydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-(S-3-oxobutyl)-L-cysteine, were identified in Triisobutyl phosphate-treated rats. In addition, the (1)H NMR spectra revealed Triisobutyl phosphate-induced variations of endogenous urinary metabolites including benzoate, urea, and trigonelline along with metabolites involved in the Krebs cycle including citrate, cis-aconitate, trans-aconitate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, and fumarate. These findings indicate that Triisobutyl phosphate induces a disturbance to the Krebs cycle energy metabolism and provides a biomarker signature of Triisobutyl phosphate exposure. ... /The/ three metabolites of Triisobutyl phosphate, dibutylphosphate, N-acetyl-(S-3-hydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-(S-3-oxobutyl)-L-cysteine, which are not present in the control groups, are the most important factors in separating the Triisobutyl phosphate and control groups (p<0.0023), while the endogenous compounds 2-oxoglutarate, benzoate, fumarate, trigonelline, and cis-aconetate were also important (p<0.01). The rate of metabolism of Triisobutyl phosphate and the nature of the metabolites produced were determined in in vitro tests on rat liver homogenate. It was found that rat liver microsomal enzymes rapidly metabolized Triisobutyl phosphate in the presence of NADPH (within 30 min), but only slight metabolic breakdown (11%) occurred in the absence of added NADPH. Dibutyl(3-hydroxybutyl) phosphate was obtained as a metabolite in the first stage of the test. The extended incubation time in the second stage of the test yielded two further metabolites, butyl di(3-hydroxybutyl) phosphate and dibutyl hydrogen phosphate, which were produced from the primary metabolite dibutyl(3-hydroxybutyl) phosphate. IDENTIFICATION: Triisobutyl phosphate is a colorless to pale yellow, odorless liquid. It is moderately soluble in water. USE: Triisobutyl phosphate is mainly used as a flame-retardant component of aircraft hydraulic fluid. It is used as a solvent for extracting rare earth elements, such as uranium and plutonium. Triisobutyl phosphate is also used in the making of plastics and in cement casings for oil wells. EXPOSURE: Exposure to Triisobutyl phosphate can be from ingestion, inhalation, or skin or eye contact. This exposure will most often happen from occupational use of hydraulic fluid. If Triisobutyl phosphate is released to the environment, it will bind tightly to dust particles in the air. Unbound Triisobutyl phosphate will break down in air. It will move slowly through soil because it will bind with soil particles. It may volatilize slowly from moist soil and water surfaces. It may build up in aquatic organisms. It will be broken down in water by microbes. RISK: Studies of possible health effects in humans exposed to Triisobutyl phosphate are not available. Damage to the urinary bladder was observed in laboratory rats exposed to very high concentrations of Triisobutyl phosphate in their diet for up to 2 years. Some of the rats developed urinary bladder tumors. Triisobutyl phosphate was irritating when applied directly to the skin or eyes of laboratory animals. Other studies of laboratory animals given very high doses of Triisobutyl phosphate by mouth found no clear evidence for abortions, birth defects, impaired reproductive performance, or severe neurological effects. ACGIH (2013) determined that Triisobutyl phosphate is a Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans. The potential for Triisobutyl phosphate to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 13th Report on Carcinogens. Triisobutyl phosphate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. Two-cell mouse embryos were exposed in vitro to Triisobutyl phosphate, x rays, or a combination of both. In-vitro development of the embryos was followed microscopically (cleavage to four- and eight-cell embryos, formation of morulae and blastocysts, and hatching of blastocysts). Effects on proliferation were estimated by counting the number of cells per embryo early (48 h p.c. = 48 hours post conceptionem) and late (144 h p.c.) in the preimplantation period. Cytogenetic damage was studied using micronucleus formation as the end point. Triisobutyl phosphate did not reveal toxic effects up to a concentration of about 5 microM after an exposure time of 18 h. At a concentration of about 15 microM, 50% of late preimplantation embryos showed effects on morphological development and on cell proliferation, and at about 40 microM, 90% of the embryos were affected. Triisobutyl phosphate did not induce micronuclei. Small effects by x irradiation were observed between 0.25 Gy and 0.5 Gy, depending on the end point measured in the late preimplantation stage. Fifty percent of the embryos were affected by a dose slightly higher than 1 Gy, and 90% after about 4 Gy. No enhancement in risk was found after combined treatment of the embryos with Triisobutyl phosphate and x rays. IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Triisobutyl phosphate is a colorless to pale-yellow odorless liquid. It is used as a plasticizer for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastics, and vinyl resins. Used in fire-resistant aircraft hydraulic fluids. Other uses include heat-exchange medium, solvent extraction of metal ions from solution of reactor products, solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, pigment grinding assistant, antifoaming agent, dielectric. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Breathing vapors of Triisobutyl phosphate causes irritation of mucous membranes and if inhalation is prolonged there can be general poisoning with paralysis. In contact with skin Triisobutyl phosphate can cause irritation. Triisobutyl phosphate may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. It may also cause nausea and headache. In a series of 42 patients with furniture related dermatitis, a positive patch test reaction was seen in 1 patient. In vitro it acts as androgen receptor, and glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. ANIMAL STUDIES: Triisobutyl phosphate was not acutely toxic by dermal exposure in the rabbit and in the guinea pig. Application to either intact or abraded skin of rabbits and guinea pigs produced irritation with edema and erythema. The instillation of Triisobutyl phosphate in the conjunctival sac of rabbits gave rise to mild irritation. Rats subjected to multiple intragastric administrations of Triisobutyl phosphate showed hyperemia of internal organs and brain. Triisobutyl phosphate was not neurotoxic to rats, but induced paralysis in mice. Triisobutyl phosphate did not cause organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) in the adult hen. Triisobutyl phosphate produced tumors of the bladder urothelium in rats at high doses, with greater effects in males than in females. It does not produce tumors in mice. The chemical was not teratogenic in rats. In the rabbit, maternal and embryo toxicity were suggested at 400 mg/kg/day with no observations of fetotoxicity or teratogenicity in any dosage group. No mutagenic activity was identified after treatment with Triisobutyl phosphate: when tested in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) mutation assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, both with and without metabolic activation and when testing in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, or TA1537 with or without metabolic activations. Triisobutyl phosphate did not induce chromosomal damage in rat bone marrow cells. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Rainbow trout treated with Triisobutyl phosphate had severe balance disturbances, which included highly atypical movements like darting, coiling swimming, and backward somersaults. At higher concentrations the fish were immobilized, lying on their sides at the bottom of the water, and some of them died. Triisobutyl phosphate's production and use as an extraction agent for rare earths, uranium, plutonium, and metal ions; heat-exchange medium, solvent, plasticizer, pigment grinding assistant, antifoam agent and dielectric may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.13X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Triisobutyl phosphate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase Triisobutyl phosphate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.4 hours. Triisobutyl phosphate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, Triisobutyl phosphate is expected to have slight mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2400. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Triisobutyl phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 3% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks, while another test using activated sludge inoculum showed 56-96% biodegradation, indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process. If released into water, Triisobutyl phosphate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Aqueous biodegradation test results for Triisobutyl phosphate varied from negligible biodegradation to 30-100% biodegradation. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 40 and 300 days, respectively. BCFs of 5.5-20 in carp, 30-35 in killifish and 6-11 in goldfish suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 9.9 to 11.5 years(pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to Triisobutyl phosphate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Triisobutyl phosphate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Triisobutyl phosphate via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing Triisobutyl phosphate. Triisobutyl phosphate was judged to biodegrade with acclimation in two aerobic screening tests using acclimated sludge and sewage as inoculum(1-2). In one of these tests, 30.4 and 90.8% of theoretical CO2 was evolved in 7 and 28 days, respectively, after 14 days acclimation. In a simulated semi-continuous activated sludge biological treatment test, 96% and 56% degradation occurred in 13 and 21 weeks at respective feed rates of 3 and 13 ppm. After a 2 day lag, 13% and 100% of Triisobutyl phosphate present degraded in a river die-away test (Mississippi River water) in 4 and 7 days, respectively. Triisobutyl phosphate, present at 100 mg/L, reached 3% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test. While 0-13% of theoretical CO2 was evolved when trench leachate from Maxey Flats, KY containing Triisobutyl phosphate was incubated with sewage for 24 days, this percentage increased to 38% when a source of nitrogen was added to the test solution. Triisobutyl phosphate was judged to be difficult to biodegrade in seawater and river water based on the results of the 3-day cultivation method by four Japanese institutes(5-6). In a study of contamination of the lower Weser River, Germany, it was found that in the high water periods in the cold months (flow rate >400 cu m/s, avg temp 6.9 °C) biodegradation of Triisobutyl phosphate was negligible, while during low flow periods in warmer months (flow <300 cu m/s, avg temp 14.9 °C) biological degradation was 30-50% over a 4-7 day period. According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Triisobutyl phosphate, which has a vapor pressure of 1.13X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C, is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Triisobutyl phosphate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.4 hours, calculated from its rate constant of 7.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C that was derived using a structure estimation method. Triisobutyl phosphate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Triisobutyl phosphate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 7.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C using a structure estimation method. This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.4 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm. Triisobutyl phosphate is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 9.9 to 11.5 years at pH 9 to 5. Triisobutyl phosphate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. The Henry's Law constant for Triisobutyl phosphate is estimated as 1.4X10-6 atm-cu m/mole derived from its vapor pressure, 1.13X10-3 mm Hg, and water solubility, 280 mg/L. This Henry's Law constant indicates that Triisobutyl phosphate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces. Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as 40 days. The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as 300 days. Triisobutyl phosphate's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur. Triisobutyl phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 109,402 workers (19,015 of these are female) were potentially exposed to Triisobutyl phosphate in the US. Occupational exposure to Triisobutyl phosphate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Triisobutyl phosphate is produced or used. Triisobutyl phosphate was detected in 12 indoor air samples collected from the dismantling hall of a electronic products recycling plant with a concentration of 9-18 ng/cu m. Potentially 43,000 aircraft mechanics and another 300 aircraft industry employees are exposed to aircraft hydraulic fluid containing Triisobutyl phosphate. In addition, 500 Triisobutyl phosphate manufacturing, processing, and distribution workers are potentially exposed to Triisobutyl phosphate during handling, transfer, and packaging of products, equipment cleaning and repair, and cleaning up spills. Triisobutyl phosphate was detected in 3 offices at 4.5-8.1 ng/cu m; in 2 furniture stores at 14-17 ng/cu m and in 3 electronic stores at 1.7-17 ng/cu m; all samples were collected in and around Zurich, Switzerland. Triisobutyl phosphate was detected in three offices, three health care rooms, three workshops and four stores at 3-7, 1-2, 1-24 and 5-172 ng/cu m, respectively. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Triisobutyl phosphate via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing Triisobutyl phosphate. In EPA's National Human Monitoring Program's National Human Adipose Tissue Survey, broad scan survey for 1982, Triisobutyl phosphate was detected at 120 ng/g in 1 of 46 composite samples analyzed. The sample came from the 0-14 age group of the east north central census region. Triisobutyl phosphate was detected at 10 ppb in plaque from the aorta of one of two autopsied heart attack victims.

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TRIISOPALMITIN N° CAS : 68957-79-9 Nom INCI : TRIISOPALMITIN Nom chimique : 1,2,3-Propanetriyl triisohexadecanoate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 273-364-3 Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

Tris(2-hydroxypropyl)amine;1,1',1''-nitrilotri-2-propanol; Tris-(2-hydroxy-1-propyl)amine; 1,1',1''-Nitrilotripropan-2-ol; Nitrilotris(2-propanol); 3,3',3"-Nitrilotri(2-propanol); Tris(2-propanol)amine; Tri-2-propanolamine cas no: 122-20-3

TIPA; TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE, N° CAS : 122-20-3, Nom INCI : TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE, Nom chimique : 1,1',1''-Nitrilotripropan-2-ol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-528-4, Classification : Ses fonctions (INCI),Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques; Noms français : 1,1',1''-NITRILOTRI(2-PROPANOL); 1,1',1''-NITRILOTRI-2-PROPANOL ; 1,1',1''-NITRILOTRIS-2-PROPANOL; TRI-2-PROPANOLAMINE; TRI-ISO-PROPANOLAMINE; Triisopropanolamine; TRIS(2-HYDROXY-1-PROPYL)AMINE; TRIS(2-HYDROXYPROPYL)AMINE; TRIS(2-PROPANOL)AMINE. Noms anglais : Triisopropanolamine; Utilisation et sources d'émission : Agent émulsifiant. 1,1',1''-Nitrilotri-2-propanol; 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris(2-propanol); 1,1',1'-nitrilotripropan-2-ol; 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotri-; 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotris-; 3,3',3''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol); TIPA; Tri-2-propanolamine; Triisopropanolamine; Tris(2-hydroxy-1-propyl)amine; Tris(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; Tris(2-propanol)amine. Translated names: 1,1',1"-nitrilotripropan-2-olis (lt); 1,1',1"-nitriltripropān-2-ols (lv); 1,1',1"-нитрилотрипропан-2-oл (bg); 1,1',1''-nitriilitripropan-2-oli (fi); 1,1',1''-nitrilotripropaan-2-ol (nl); 1,1',1''-nitrilotripropaan-2-ool (et); 1,1',1''-nitrilotripropan-2-ol (da); 1,1',1''-nitrilotripropan-2-olo (it); 1,1',1''-nitrilotripropane-2-ol (fr); 1,1',1''-nitrilotripropano-2-ol (pt); 1,1',1''-nitrilotripropán-2-ol (sk); 1,1',1''-νιτριλοτριπροπαν-2-όλ (el); 1,1`,1``-nitrylotripropan-2-ol (pl); 1,1´,1´´-nitrilotripropan-2-ol (cs); 1,1’,1”-nitrilotripropán-2-ol (hu); triisopropanolamin (cs); triisopropanolammina (it); triisopropanoolamiin (et); triizopropanolamin (hr); triizopropanolamina (ro); triizopropanolaminas (lt); triizopropanolamín (sk); triizopropanoloamina (pl); triizopropānolamīns (lv); триизопропаноламин (bg). IUPAC names: 1,1',1''-nitrilopropan-2-ol ; 1,1',1''-nitrilotripropan-2-ol / triisopropanolamine; 1-(bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amino)propan-2-ol; 1-[bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amino]propan-2-ol; 2-Propanol, 1,1,1-nitrilotris-; Triisopropanolamine (mixture of isomer). Trade names 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotri- (6CI, 8CI); 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotris- (9CI); NTP; Tri-iso-propanolamine; TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE 99; TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE LFG 85; TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE, LFG 85; 1,1',1''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol) [ACD/IUPAC Name] 1,1',1''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol) [German] 1,1',1''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol) [French] 1,1',1''-Nitrilotripropan-2-ol 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris-2-propanol 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotris- [ACD/Index Name] Triisopropanolamine UNII:W9EN9DLM98 [122-20-3] 1,1', 1''-Nitrilotri-2-propanol 1,1',1"-Nitrilotri-2-propanol 1,1',1''-Nitrilotri-2-propanol 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris (2-propanol) 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris(2-propanol) 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris(propan-2-ol) 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris[2-propanol] 1,1′,1′′-Nitrilotri(-2-propanol) 1-[bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amino]propan-2-ol 122-20-3 [RN] 204-528-4 [EINECS] 2-Propanol, 1,1', 1''-nitrilotris- 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotri- 3,3',3"-Nitrilotri (2-propanol) 3,3',3"-Nitrilotri(2-propanol) 3,3',3''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol) 4-04-00-01680 [Beilstein] 58901-12-5 [RN] 67952-34-5 [RN] propan-2-ol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotris- TIPA Tri-2-propanolamine Tri-iso-propanolamine TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE, 95% Tris(2-hydroxy-1-propyl)amine TRIS(2-HYDROXYPROPYL)AMINE Tris(2-propanol)amine Tris(isopropanol)amine Trisisopropanolamine

DESCRIPTION:
Triisopropanolamine is an amine used for a variety of industrial applications including as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and chemical intermediate.
Triisopropanolamine is also used to neutralize acidic components of some herbicides.

CAS Number: 122-20-3
European Community (EC) Number: 204-528-4
Molecular Formula: C9H21NO3
Preferred IUPAC name: 1,1′,1′′-Nitrilotri(propan-2-ol)

Triisopropanolamine (TIPOA) is an aminoalcohol and belongs to the group of alkanolamines.
Triisopropanolamine is a versatile chemical that is used in a variety of applications.

Triisopropanolamine (TIPA), a tertiary alkanolamine, is majorly used as a grinding chemical that reduces agglomeration in the ball milling process and changes the particle distribution of the finished cement.

Triisopropanolamine, a surfactant, possesses the remarkable capability to lower the surface tension of water, resulting in the formation of micelles.
These micelles, small spherical structures, consist of molecules exhibiting mutual attraction.

Through this formation, micelles readily engage with proteins and other molecules, enabling their dispersion within a solution.
Moreover, Triisopropanolamine can establish hydrogen bonds with proteins, influencing their structure and function in a significant manner.

APPLICATIONS OF TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE:
Triisopropanolamine can act as an interfacial transition zone (ITZ) to improve the mechanical properties of the mortar and the concrete.
Triisopropanolamine can also be used to increase the compressive strength of the cement-fly ash system by accelerating the hydration of both the compounds.

Coatings:
Triisopropanolamine (TIPOA) serves as a dispersing agent for paints and pigments such as titanium dioxide.
Additionally, Triisopropanolamine finds application as a neutralizing agent in water-borne coatings.
Triisopropanolamine also acts as a cross-linker in special niche water-based coatings.

Construction:
Triisopropanolamine is used as a grinding and dispersion aid in cement production, especially for high-quality types of cement.

Other:
Triisopropanolamine is used in the production of cutting oils and PU catalysts.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE:
Chemical formula, C9H21NO3
Molar mass, 191.271 g•mol−1
Appearance, White to off-white solid
Melting point, 48–52 °C (118–126 °F; 321–325 K)
Boiling point, 305 °C (581 °F; 578 K)
Molecular Weight
191.27 g/mol
XLogP3-AA
-0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Rotatable Bond Count
6
Exact Mass
191.15214353 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
191.15214353 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
63.9Å²
Heavy Atom Count
13
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
108
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
3
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Grade
Technical
Form
Liquid
Appearance
solid
Auto Ignition Temperature
285 °C (545 °F)
Boiling Point
301 °C (574 °F)
California Prop 65
This product does not contain any chemicals known to State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or any other reproductive harm.
Color
white
Density
1 g/cm3 @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Dynamic Viscosity
100 mPa.s @ 60 °C (140 °F)
Flash Point
174 °C (345 °F)
Melting Point
45 °C (113 °F)
Odor
slight, ammoniacal
Partition Coefficient
Pow: -0.015
Relative Density
0.988 @ 70 °C (158 °F) Reference Material: (water = 1)
Relative Vapor Density
6.6
Vapor Pressure
0.0007 mmHg @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Physical State :
Solid
Solubility :
Soluble in water (>1000 mg/ml at 25° C), ethanol, diethyl ether, chloroform (slightly ), and methanol (>500 g/100g).
Storage :
Store at room temperature
Melting Point :
48-52° C (lit.)
Boiling Point :
190° C (lit.) at 23
Density :
1.0 g/cm3 at 20° C
Refractive Index :
n20D 1.50 (Predicted)
pK Values :
pKb: 8.51 (Predicted)

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

SYNONYMS OF TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE:
TiPlA
triisopropanolamine
triisopropanolamine citrate
triisopropanolamine hydrochloride
tris(2-hydroxypropyl)amine
Triisopropanolamine
122-20-3
1,1',1''-Nitrilotripropan-2-ol
Tri-2-propanolamine
TRIS(2-HYDROXYPROPYL)AMINE
Tri-iso-propanolamine
Tris(2-propanol)amine
1-[bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amino]propan-2-ol
Tris(2-hydroxy-1-propyl)amine
2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotris-
2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotri-
1,1',1''-Nitrilotris(propan-2-ol)
NSC 4010
1,1',1''-Nitrilotri-2-propanol
3,3',3''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol)
1,1',1''-Nitrilotris(2-propanol)
W9EN9DLM98
DTXSID5021415
NSC-4010
1,1',1''-nitrilotris-2-propanol
DTXCID201415
Caswell No. 891
1,1',1''-Nitrilotris[2-propanol]
CAS-122-20-3
CCRIS 4884
HSDB 5593
EINECS 204-528-4
UNII-W9EN9DLM98
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 004209
BRN 1071570
AI3-01450
Triisopropanolamin
trisisopropanolamine
MFCD00004533
tris(isopropanol)amine
UNICHEM TIPA
Triisopropanolamine, 95%
EC 204-528-4
tris-(2-hydroxypropyl)amine
SCHEMBL28985
4-04-00-01680 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
1,1''-Nitrilotri-2-propanol
CHEMBL1877948
3,3''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol)
NSC4010
TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE [INCI]
1,1''-Nitrilotris(2-propanol)
CHEBI:170017
2-Propanol,1',1''-nitrilotri-
2-Propanol,1',1''-nitrilotris-
Tox21_201952
Tox21_302748
AKOS015965047
1,1',1''-Nitrilotri(-2-propanol)
CS-W010723
NCGC00164112-01
NCGC00164112-02
NCGC00256448-01
NCGC00259501-01
LS-13727
TRIS(2-HYDROXYPROPYL)AMINE [HSDB]
WLN: QY1 & 1N1YQ1 & 1YQ1
FT-0695343
D70439
EN300-8108474
J-660022
Q1729503

TRICHLOROETHYLENE; Trichloroethene; TCE; Acetylene trichloride; Ethinyl trichloride; 1,1,2-Trichlorethylene; 1,1-Dichloro-2-chloroethylene; 1,2,2-Trichloroethylene; 1-Chloro-2,2-dichloroethylene; Benzinol; Blacosolv; Blancosolv; Chlorilen;Chlorylen; Circosolv; Ethylene trichloride; Threthylene; Trichloraethen; Trichloraethen (German); Trichloraethylen, tri (German); Trichloran; Trichlorethene (French); Trichlorethylene, tri (French); Tricloretene (Italian); Tricloroetilene (Italian); Trielina (Italian); cas no: 79-01-6

Trimellitic Acid Cyclic 1,2-anhydride; Anhydro trimellitic acid; 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid cyclic 1,2-anhydride; 1,2,4-Benzenetricarboxylic anhydride; 4-carboxyphthalic anhydride; 1,3-dioxo-5-phthalancarboxylic acid; 5-phthalancarboxylic acid, 1,3-dioxo-TMAN; Trimellitic acid 1,2-anhydride; TMA; TMAN; Benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic-1,2-anhydride; Benzol-1,2,4-tricarbonsäure-1,2-anhydrid; 1,2-anhidrido del ácido benceno-1,2,4-tricarboxílico; 1,2-Anhydride de l'acide benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylique CAS NO:552-30-7

Trilon AS Trilon AS (NTA) - chelating agents which basic purpose is water demineralizing and removal of the deposits containing Ca2 salts + and Mg2+. According to requirements of the standard tests OECD, Trilon AS possesses high ability to biodegradation. The BASF company is the world's largest producer of nitrilotriuksusny acid and its salts. Thanks to own production technology, the BASF company has opportunity to offer the customers product with the high content of active component, the low maintenance of by-products and almost free of chlorides and other undesirable ions. We not only offer customers product of high degree of purity, but also we guarantee reliability of its deliveries. NTA shows the best ratio price/quality among chelating agents on the basis of aminocarboxylats, as has caused its wide popularity in the market. Nitrilotriuksusny acid (NTA) is generally used in production of detergents - for water demineralizing and prevention of formation of deposits on different types of surfaces and on fabric. Products of the Trilon AS series, and especially easily loose powder Trilon AS 92 R, are ideal components of system of kompleksoobrazovatel in soap powders. Products of the Trilon AS series are good replacement of the phosphates which are part of means for washing. The demand of besfosfatny detergents and in North America constantly grows in Europe. Practice shows that such chelating aminocarboxyarmour as Trilon AS, are more effective, than citrates, in means for industrial dishwashers, thanks to their higher stability and ability very effectively to delete limy raid and strong pollution. Trilon AS T is an aqueous solution of the trisodium salt of methylglycinediacetic acid (Na3MGDA). It finds application in detergents, cleaning, textiles, soap, metal plating, oil and gas, and water-softening products. Trilon AS is readily biodegradable. Trilon AS, methylglycinediacetic acid trisodium salt (MGDA-Na3) or trisodium α-DL-alanine diacetate (α-ADA), is the trisodium anion of N-(1-carboxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid and a tetradentate complexing agent. It forms stable 1:1 chelate complexes with cations having a charge number of at least +2, e.g. the "hard water forming" cations Ca2+ or Mg2+. α-ADA is distinguished from the isomeric β-alaninediacetic acid by better biodegradability and therefore improved environmental compatibility. Production of Trilon AS The patent literature on the industrial synthesis of Trilon AS describes the approaches for solving the key requirements of a manufacturing process that can be implemented on an industrial scale, characterized by Achieving the highest possible space-time yields Simple reaction control at relatively low pressures and temperatures Realization of continuous process options Achieving the lowest possible levels of impurities, particularly nitrilotriacetic acid, which is suspected of being carcinogenic Use of inexpensive raw materials, e.g. instead of pure L-alanine the raw mixture of Strecker synthesis from methanal, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia Avoidance of complex and yield-reducing isolation steps; instead, direct further use of the crude reaction solutions or precipitates in the following process step. An obvious synthesis route to α-alaninediacetic acid is from racemic α-DL-alanine, which provides racemic α-ADA by double cyanomethylation with methanal and hydrogen cyanide, hydrolysis of the intermediately formed diacetonitrile to the trisodium salt and subsequent acidification with mineral acids in a 97.4% overall yield.[4] In a later patent specification, however, only an overall yield of 77% and an NTA content of 0.1% is achieved with practically the same quantities of substances and under practically identical reaction conditions. MGDA Alanin This later patent specification also indicates a process route via alaninonitrile, which is obtained by Strecker synthesis from hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and methanal and converted to methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetonitrile by double cyanomethylation (step 1). The three nitrile groups are then hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to α-ADA (step 2). The total yield is given as 72%, the NTA content as 0.07%. MGDA Alaninonitril One variant of the reaction involves iminodiacetonitrile or iminodiacetic acid (step 1'), which reacts in a weakly acidic medium (pH 6) with hydrogen cyanide and ethanal to form methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetic acid, the nitrile group of which is hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to Trilon AS (step 2'). The reactant iminodiacetic acid is accessible at low cost by dehydrogenation of diethanolamine. Again, the total yield is given as 72%, the NTA content as 0.07%. A further variant is suitable for continuous production, in which ammonia, methanal and hydrogen cyanide react at pH 6 to form iminodiacetonitrile, which in a strongly acidic medium (pH 1.5) reacts with ethanal to produce trinitrile methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetonitrile in a very good yield of 92%. (step 1). MGDA Iminodiacetonitril Alkaline hydrolysis (step 2) results in a total yield of 85% Trilon AS with an NTA content of 0.08%. This process variant seems to fulfil the above-mentioned criteria best. A low by-product synthesis route for Trilon AS has recently been described, in which alanine is ethoxylated with ethylene oxide in an autoclave to form bis-hydroxyethylaminoalanine and then oxidized to α-ADA at 190 °C with Raney copper under pressure.[6] MGDA Ethoxylierung The yields are over 90% d.Th., the NTA contents below 1%. The process conditions make this variant rather less attractive. Properties of Trilon AS The commercially available Trilon AS (84% by weight) is a colourless, water-soluble solid whose aqueous solutions are rapidly and completely degraded even by non-adapted bacteria. Aquatic toxicity to fish, daphnia and algae is low.[7] Trilon AS is described as readily biodegradable (OECD 301C) and is eliminated to >90 % in wastewater treatment plants.[8] Trilon AS has not yet been detected in the discharge of municipal and industrial sewage treatment plants. In addition to their very good biodegradability, Trilon AS solutions are characterized by high chemical stability even at temperatures above 200 °C (under pressure) in a wide pH range between 2 and 14 as well as high complex stability compared to other complexing agents of the aminopolycarboxylate type. The complex formation constants of the biodegradable chelators α-ADA and IDS are in a range suitable for industrial use, but clearly below those of the previous standard EDTA. In solid preparations, Trilon AS is stable against oxidizing agents such as perborates and percarbonates, but not against oxidizing acids or sodium hypochlorite. Use of Trilon AS Like other complexing agents in the aminopolycarboxylic acid class, Trilon AS (α-ADA) finds due to its ability to form stable chelate complexes with polyvalent ions (in particular the water hardening agents Ca2+ and Mg2+, as well as transition and heavy metal ions such as Fe3+, Mn2+, Cu2+, etc.) use in water softening, in detergents and cleaning agents, in electroplating, cosmetics, paper and textile production. Due to its stability at high temperatures and pH values, α-ADA should be particularly suitable as a substitute for the phosphates banned in the EU from 2017, such as sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP)[12] in tabs for dishwashers. BASF SE is the most important manufacturer of α-ADA under the brand name Trilon AS, has large-scale plants in Ludwigshafen and Lima, Ohio, and is currently expanding its existing capacities with another large-scale plant at Evonik's site in Theodore, Alabama. Description of Trilon AS Trilon AS is a chelating agent that delivers a non-toxic, environmentally friendly alternative to phosphates and other strong chelates. Methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) is the active ingredient and exceeds alternative products, like citrates, at removing lime scale and tough stains. Efficiently dissolve inorganic deposits and scales that produce undesirable effects like striking and spotting in dish wash and hard surface applications or limit the performance of surfactants and other additives in cleaners and detergents. Trilon AS chelating agent improves cleaning performance in hard surface, automatic dishwasher and laundry operations. I&l customers can use lower concentrations, due to its low molecular weight, of this strong complexing agent in their cleaning formulations, making it more cost effective. This product is effective in both alkaline and acidic cleaners, and also demonstrates effective cleaning ability in a variety of applications, including general purpose cleaners, floor care products, warewashing detergents, disinfectants and sanitizers, laundry detergents, automatic dishwashers, vehicle wash aids, and hand cleansers. Trilon AS is extremely efficient in combating hard water and allowing for the best cleaning performance to shine through. In formulas with anionic surfactants, it is especially important to have an effective chelating agent like Trilon AS, particularly in hard water conditions. Other chelating agents just don’t perform as well, and without the addition of one at all, there is hardly any cleaning shown. The Trilon AS are very effective complexing agents for calcium in the alkaline pH range. This is an advantage in many detergent and cleaner applications. ➔ The Trilon AS are less likely to crystallise in the acidic pH range than other aminocarboxylic acids, and they are still capable of complexing iron ions effectively in the pH 2 – 3 range. Comparison with weak complexing agents: Weak complexing agents are incapable of reducing the concentration of free metal ions in aqueous systems to the same extent as the Trilon AS, and the result is that they are unable to prevent metal ions from playing a disruptive role in chemical processes. The Trilon AS are chemically very stable. The Trilon AS have been shown to be very stable compared to other organic complexing agents such as citric acid, tartaric acid and gluconates, especially at high temperatures. Whereas inorganic sequestring agents (eg. phosphates) may hydrolyse at high temperatures, Trilon AS are stable – even when heated to 200 °C under pressure. Trilon M Powder and Trilon M Granules begin to decompose at approx. 300 °C. The Trilon AS are resistant to strong acids and strong bases. They are gradually broken down by chromic acid, potassium permanganate and other strong oxidizing agents. Stability in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, percarbonate and perborate is sufficient for joint application. Nevertheless, we do not recommend combining Trilon AS and peroxides in liquid formulations. Sodium hypochlorite and other substances that release chlorine cause the Trilon AS to decompose. Alkaline earth and heavy metal complexes are broken down. ➔ Formulations that contain complexing agents have to remain chemically unchanged in storage and during transport in order to be able to unfold their full action. Many readily biodegradable complexing agents such as iminodisuccinates (IDS) and citrates are not sufficiently stable. The Trilon AS have excellent chemical stability under a wide range of conditions, and this ensures that formulations that contain Trilon AS remain effective over long periods. pH stability The Trilon AS are resistant to being broken down across the whole pH 2 – 14 range, even at elevated temperatures. For instance, formulations that contain Trilon AS and high concentrations of sodium hydroxide remain stable and do not precipitate. Other readily biodegradable complexing agents such as iminodisuccinate precipitate in alkaline media, and these weak complexing agents are then no longer able to keep metal ions in solution. The miscibility and stability of the Trilon AS are excellent, even in highly acidic solutions. Many complexing agents cannot be employed in acidic formulations because they precipitate in the form of their sparingly soluble free acids. The Trilon AS have the advantage that they remain soluble and chemically stable, even in the acidic pH range. ➔ The Trilon AS boost the performance of highly alkaline formulations. ➔ The Trilon AS can also be employed in acidic formulations. ➔ The Trilon AS do not decompose even at an extreme pH. Corrosion The Trilon AS stabilize polyvalent metal ions, which means that they can increase the rate at which metals dissolve. Nevertheless, with the exception of aluminium, an oxidizing agent such as air always has to be present for corrosion to take place. Unalloyed steel is prone to corrosion in media that contain air, but corrosion can be reduced substantially if the pH is in the alkaline range and can be eliminated almost completely if oxygen and other oxidizing agents are excluded. Steel cleaned with the Trilon AS in the slightly alkaline range, which is the optimum pH range for the Trilon AS, is much less prone to corrosion than if it is cleaned with acids. The only type of corrosion that has been observed with the Trilon AS is uniform corrosion: pitting or stress cracking have not been observed in media with a low chloride content. One of the advantages of the Trilon AS is that they can be supplied with a very low chloride content (< 20 mg/kg). The following information on materials is of a very general nature, because corrosion depends on many different factors such as exposure to air, galvanic corrosion caused by the presence of different metals and by the flow patterns of liquids. The compatibility of Trilon AS with different materials needs to be tested in each individual case. Austenitic stainless steels such as AISI/SAE 304, 316 Ti and 321 are very effective for vessels used to store and transport Trilon AS. The corrosion resistance of ferritic carbon steel such as ASTM A201 Grade B (European Material No. P265GH) is limited. A rate of corrosion of 0.01 mm/a has been measured at 50 °C and air exclusion. Crevice corrosion has also occasionally been observed on welded joints, and so we would not recommend storing the Trilon AS in vessels made from unalloyed carbon steel for any prolonged length of time. The rate of corrosion can be reduced by removing the air from the system. Aluminium and aluminium alloys such as AL 7075 T6 (European Material No. 3.4365) are not resistant to Trilon AS, because Trilon AS is alkaline and aluminium is quickly corroded by strong bases. Solutions that contain Trilon AS are much less corrosive to aluminium if their pH is adjusted to 5 – 7. The following points need to be taken into account when comparing the performance of the Trilon AS with weaker complexing agents. ➔ The quantity of complexing agent that is required to sequester a given concentration of calcium ions depends on the strength of the complexing agent. The Trilon AS have a more effective complexing action, and much smaller quantities are required to obtain the same effect as with IDS. ➔ The quantities of complexing agents that need to be applied also depend on their active content. The Trilon AS have a higher active content than many competitors’ products because they contain fewer by-products. Inhibiting calcium carbonate Phosphonates and water-soluble polymers are often used to prevent scale calcium carbonate from precipitating and forming scale. These substances act by temporarily delaying the onset of crystallisation. Chelating agents such as the Trilon AS act differently, because they prevent salts from precipitating and forming scale by sequestering the calcium ions. Scale can form if phosphonates or water-soluble polymers are used, depending on the concentrations of calcium ions and polymer or phosphonates, because the calcium ions do not form permanent bonds. ➔ The Trilon AS can be used to boost the action of polyacrylates and phosphonates in inhibiting scale formation. They can enhance the overall performance of scale inhibitor formulations. There is a need for phosphonates to be replaced in many applications because of issues concerning the effects of phosphorus compounds on aquatic life and water quality. Aminocarboxylates often perform better at a high pH, but phosphonates perform better at a low pH because they are more soluble than many aminocarboxylates. The solubility of the Trilon AS at a low pH is very good and they are quite capable of competing with phosphonates. The Trilon AS are an effective alternative to EDTA for removing calcium phosphate scale. The high performance of EDTA remains unsurpassed, but the performance of the Trilon AS is by far the best of all of the readily biodegradable complexing agents. Weak complexing agents such as iminodisuccinate (IDS), ethylenediaminedisuccinate (EDDS), hydroxyethyliminodiacetate (HEIDA) and citrate are completely ineffective for dissolving stubborn calcium phosphate scale. ➔ The Trilon AS are the best choice when it comes to finding a readily biodegradable complexing agent for dissolving calcium phosphate scale. Organic scale Calcium stearate and calcium oleate (lime soaps) Fatty acids and soaps also react with calcium ions to form sparingly soluble deposits in the kitchen, in the bathroom and on textiles. Lime, magnesium and heavy metals can form soaps that precipitate and give rise to spots and stains, dull surfaces, a rancid odour and poor wettability. They can also cause uneven dyeing, turbidity and changes in colour and cause rubber to perish. The Trilon AS are very effective for dissolving the scale formed by lime soaps and preventing scale from building up, and they are much more effective than weak complexing agents such as IDS or HEIDA. The Trilon AS can be used to stabilise bleach. They prevent hydrogen peroxide decomposing too quickly by sequestering iron, manganese and copper ions. The Trilon AS are an effective alternative to established bleach stabilisers such as EDTA, but the performance of EDTA is still unsurpassed. If local restrictions prevent EDTA from being used, the Trilon AS and Trilon P Liquid supplied by BASF are effective alternatives for stabilising bleach. Trilon AS is an inherently bioeliminable complexing agent that can also be used in combination with the Trilon AS to sequester iron, manganese and copper ions. We know of no ill effects that could have resulted from using the Trilon AS for the purpose for which they are intended and from processing them in accordance with current practice. According to the experience we have gained over many years and other information at our disposal, the Trilon AS do not exert any harmful effects on health, provided that they are used properly, due attention is given to the precautions necessary for handling chemicals, and the information and advice given in our Safety Data Sheets are observed. Storage Trilon AS should not be stored at temperatures below 0 °C, because this can cause them to precipitate. It can be reconstituted by heating it briefly to 40 – 50 °C and stirring. Trilon M Powder is hygroscopic, and so it should be kept in tightly sealed containers. The Trilon AS have a shelf life of one year in their tightly sealed original packaging. We would recommend storing Trilon AS in tanks made from AISI 316 Ti or AISI 321 stainless steel. Ecology and toxicology The Trilon AS have an excellent ecological and toxicological profile and there are no restrictions on their use in many applications. The active ingredient contained in the Trilon AS, MGDA, is classified as being readily biodegradable according to the OECD criteria. In these tests, the test substance is broken down by bacteria under standardised conditions. ➔ The Trilon AS are classified as being readily biodegradable. The products supplied by BASF conform to ecological and toxicological stringent standards in order to protect the environment. BASF has submitted the Trilon AS to a thorough programme of tests and possesses a very extensive collection of data on the Trilon AS. Trilon AS T is an aqueous solution of the trisodium salt of methylglycinediacetic acid (Na3MGDA). It finds application in detergents, cleaning, textiles, soap, metal plating, oil and gas, and water-softening products. Trilon AS is readily biodegradable. Trilon AS, methylglycinediacetic acid trisodium salt (MGDA-Na3) or trisodium α-DL-alanine diacetate (α-ADA), is the trisodium anion of N-(1-carboxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid and a tetradentate complexing agent. It forms stable 1:1 chelate complexes with cations having a charge number of at least +2, e.g. the "hard water forming" cations Ca2+ or Mg2+. α-ADA is distinguished from the isomeric β-alaninediacetic acid by better biodegradability and therefore improved environmental compatibility. Production of Trilon AS The patent literature on the industrial synthesis of Trilon AS describes the approaches for solving the key requirements of a manufacturing process that can be implemented on an industrial scale, characterized by Achieving the highest possible space-time yields Simple reaction control at relatively low pressures and temperatures Realization of continuous process options Achieving the lowest possible levels of impurities, particularly nitrilotriacetic acid, which is suspected of being carcinogenic Use of inexpensive raw materials, e.g. instead of pure L-alanine the raw mixture of Strecker synthesis from methanal, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia Avoidance of complex and yield-reducing isolation steps; instead, direct further use of the crude reaction solutions or precipitates in the following process step. An obvious synthesis route to α-alaninediacetic acid is from racemic α-DL-alanine, which provides racemic α-ADA by double cyanomethylation with methanal and hydrogen cyanide, hydrolysis of the intermediately formed diacetonitrile to the trisodium salt and subsequent acidification with mineral acids in a 97.4% overall yield.[4] In a later patent specification, however, only an overall yield of 77% and an NTA content of 0.1% is achieved with practically the same quantities of substances and under practically identical reaction conditions. MGDA Alanin This later patent specification also indicates a process route via alaninonitrile, which is obtained by Strecker synthesis from hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and methanal and converted to methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetonitrile by double cyanomethylation (step 1). The three nitrile groups are then hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to α-ADA (step 2). The total yield is given as 72%, the NTA content as 0.07%. MGDA Alaninonitril One variant of the reaction involves iminodiacetonitrile or iminodiacetic acid (step 1'), which reacts in a weakly acidic medium (pH 6) with hydrogen cyanide and ethanal to form methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetic acid, the nitrile group of which is hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to Trilon AS (step 2'). The reactant iminodiacetic acid is accessible at low cost by dehydrogenation of diethanolamine. Again, the total yield is given as 72%, the NTA content as 0.07%. A further variant is suitable for continuous production, in which ammonia, methanal and hydrogen cyanide react at pH 6 to form iminodiacetonitrile, which in a strongly acidic medium (pH 1.5) reacts with ethanal to produce trinitrile methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetonitrile in a very good yield of 92%. (step 1). MGDA Iminodiacetonitril Alkaline hydrolysis (step 2) results in a total yield of 85% Trilon AS with an NTA content of 0.08%. This process variant seems to fulfil the above-mentioned criteria best. A low by-product synthesis route for Trilon AS has recently been described, in which alanine is ethoxylated with ethylene oxide in an autoclave to form bis-hydroxyethylaminoalanine and then oxidized to α-ADA at 190 °C with Raney copper under pressure. BTC offers under the brand name Trilon AS a broad product range of high performance and innovative complexing agents, also known as chelating agents. Chelating agents are able to prevent the deleterious impact of calcification in detergents and cleaning agents. The chelating agents of the Trilon AS product range are used, besides others, to avoid the formation of poorly soluble precipitations, to prevent the undesirable decomposition of constituents of formulations, to prevent discolouration or rancidity. They bind and mask reliably the metal ions and guarantee smooth processing and efficient employment of water. The production of detergents and cleaners triggers a huge demand complexing agents which can be fulfilled with BTCs Trilon AS grades. Brands Trilon AS Properties of Trilon AS grades for the prevention of calcification in detergents and cleaning agents BTC’s Trilon AS chelating agents belong mainly to the class of amino carboxylates which are organic complexing agents. They are available in powder or in liquid form, or as granules; as pure acid version or salt version; in very high purity as high-quality grades for special applications Household and industrial cleaning formulations include chelating additives to soften hard water. Thus, the formation of lime scale, inorganic scale formation is prevented. Trilon AS grades form typically 1:1 complexes. The high stability of these compounds makes them ideal for many industrial processes. They show a very good solubilisation property of the formed complexes. Based on the used amino carboxylic acid the following organic chelating additives are available: Trilon AS B grades; ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, or Na-salt (EDTA) Trilon AS M grades; methylglycine diacetic acid (MGDA) Trilon AS Ultimate grades; modified MGDA Trilon AS P grade (modified anionic polyamine) The Trilon AS P grade is a non-amino polycarboxylate. It provides outstanding chelating properties especially for chelating iron molecules in alkaline areas. Trilon AS M grades represent the newest generation of complexing agents. Based on methylglycine diacetic acid the product provides a very good chelating performance in addition with a readily biodegradability property. The excellent ecological and toxicological profile of Trilon AS M has been verified in various repeated studies. The Trilon AS M grades offer versatile synergistic properties like enhanced stain removal property; substitute for sodium tripolyphosphate. The strongly limited use of phosphates as a builder in detergents, especially in home care automatic dish washing formulations, triggers the need of phosphate-free alternatives. Trilon AS M Max grades provide extra performance like colour stability. Trilon AS M Max based now on renewable resources. Trilon AS M Max BioBased and Trilon AS M Max EcoBalanced. Thus sustainability of chelating agents are taken to the next level. Trilon AS M Max BioBased is produced from sugar-based Alanin, thus the content of bio-based carbon is measurable. Trilon AS M Max BioBased guarantees a bio-based Carbon Content of 43% with a total bio-based content of 32% (also considering other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen). Trilon AS M Max EcoBalanced, the first renewables-based Trilon AS M grade produced according to the biomass balance approach. This approach replaces fossil feedstock with renewable feedstock such as bio-naphtha or biogas at the very beginning of production. The renewable feedstock is then allocated to Trilon AS M Max EcoBalanced, using a TÜV Nord-certified method. This allows BASF to fully replace fossil feedstock by renewables, not only saving scarce fossil resources, but also reducing damaging greenhouse gas emissions. The Trilon AS M Max EcoBalanced is 100 percent renewables-based, thus helping to protect the environment and the climate without compromising on the high quality BASF customers expect. Trilon AS M Max EcoBalanced has now been awarded certification based on the global REDcert2 scheme. In 2019, BASF transferred certification of biomass balanced products to the new global REDcert2 scheme for the chemical industry. BASF has established a closed chain of custody for the biomass balance approach that extends from the renewable feedstock right through to the final product. Independent certification by TÜV Nord in compliance with the global REDcert2 scheme confirms to the customer that BASF has fully replaced the entire quantity of fossil feedstock required to make Trilon AS M Max EcoBalanced with renewables right from the start of the production process. Trilon AS Ultimate grades are modified MGDA grades. They show besides others improved anti glass corrosiveness. Applications of Trilon AS grades for the prevention of calcification in detergents and cleaning agents BTC’s Trilon AS grades are used in applications like formulations for automatic dish washing, either liquid or solid; chelate based and phosphate-free builder systems; laundry formulations; formulations for floor and hard surface cleaners, toilet cleaners and car cleaners. Further applications for our Trilon AS grades include industrial and institutional cleaners for the food and beverage industry; cleaners for the dairy industry; ware washing and professional car, truck and bus cleaning formulations.

Trilon M Liquid Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) T is an aqueous solution of the trisodium salt of methylglycinediacetic acid (Na3MGDA). It finds application in detergents, cleaning, textiles, soap, metal plating, oil and gas, and water-softening products. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is readily biodegradable. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID), methylglycinediacetic acid trisodium salt (MGDA-Na3) or trisodium α-DL-alanine diacetate (α-ADA), is the trisodium anion of N-(1-carboxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid and a tetradentate complexing agent. It forms stable 1:1 chelate complexes with cations having a charge number of at least +2, e.g. the "hard water forming" cations Ca2+ or Mg2+. α-ADA is distinguished from the isomeric β-alaninediacetic acid by better biodegradability and therefore improved environmental compatibility. Production of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) The patent literature on the industrial synthesis of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) describes the approaches for solving the key requirements of a manufacturing process that can be implemented on an industrial scale, characterized by Achieving the highest possible space-time yields Simple reaction control at relatively low pressures and temperatures Realization of continuous process options Achieving the lowest possible levels of impurities, particularly nitrilotriacetic acid, which is suspected of being carcinogenic Use of inexpensive raw materials, e.g. instead of pure L-alanine the raw mixture of Strecker synthesis from methanal, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia Avoidance of complex and yield-reducing isolation steps; instead, direct further use of the crude reaction solutions or precipitates in the following process step. An obvious synthesis route to α-alaninediacetic acid is from racemic α-DL-alanine, which provides racemic α-ADA by double cyanomethylation with methanal and hydrogen cyanide, hydrolysis of the intermediately formed diacetonitrile to the trisodium salt and subsequent acidification with mineral acids in a 97.4% overall yield.[4] In a later patent specification, however, only an overall yield of 77% and an NTA content of 0.1% is achieved with practically the same quantities of substances and under practically identical reaction conditions. MGDA Alanin This later patent specification also indicates a process route via alaninonitrile, which is obtained by Strecker synthesis from hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and methanal and converted to methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetonitrile by double cyanomethylation (step 1). The three nitrile groups are then hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to α-ADA (step 2). The total yield is given as 72%, the NTA content as 0.07%. MGDA Alaninonitril One variant of the reaction involves iminodiacetonitrile or iminodiacetic acid (step 1'), which reacts in a weakly acidic medium (pH 6) with hydrogen cyanide and ethanal to form methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetic acid, the nitrile group of which is hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) (step 2'). The reactant iminodiacetic acid is accessible at low cost by dehydrogenation of diethanolamine. Again, the total yield is given as 72%, the NTA content as 0.07%. A further variant is suitable for continuous production, in which ammonia, methanal and hydrogen cyanide react at pH 6 to form iminodiacetonitrile, which in a strongly acidic medium (pH 1.5) reacts with ethanal to produce trinitrile methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetonitrile in a very good yield of 92%. (step 1). MGDA Iminodiacetonitril Alkaline hydrolysis (step 2) results in a total yield of 85% Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) with an NTA content of 0.08%. This process variant seems to fulfil the above-mentioned criteria best. A low by-product synthesis route for Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) has recently been described, in which alanine is ethoxylated with ethylene oxide in an autoclave to form bis-hydroxyethylaminoalanine and then oxidized to α-ADA at 190 °C with Raney copper under pressure.[6] MGDA Ethoxylierung The yields are over 90% d.Th., the NTA contents below 1%. The process conditions make this variant rather less attractive. Properties of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) The commercially available Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) (84% by weight) is a colourless, water-soluble solid whose aqueous solutions are rapidly and completely degraded even by non-adapted bacteria. Aquatic toxicity to fish, daphnia and algae is low.[7] Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is described as readily biodegradable (OECD 301C) and is eliminated to >90 % in wastewater treatment plants.[8] Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) has not yet been detected in the discharge of municipal and industrial sewage treatment plants. In addition to their very good biodegradability, Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) solutions are characterized by high chemical stability even at temperatures above 200 °C (under pressure) in a wide pH range between 2 and 14 as well as high complex stability compared to other complexing agents of the aminopolycarboxylate type. The complex formation constants of the biodegradable chelators α-ADA and IDS are in a range suitable for industrial use, but clearly below those of the previous standard EDTA. In solid preparations, Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is stable against oxidizing agents such as perborates and percarbonates, but not against oxidizing acids or sodium hypochlorite. Use of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) Like other complexing agents in the aminopolycarboxylic acid class, Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) (α-ADA) finds due to its ability to form stable chelate complexes with polyvalent ions (in particular the water hardening agents Ca2+ and Mg2+, as well as transition and heavy metal ions such as Fe3+, Mn2+, Cu2+, etc.) use in water softening, in detergents and cleaning agents, in electroplating, cosmetics, paper and textile production. Due to its stability at high temperatures and pH values, α-ADA should be particularly suitable as a substitute for the phosphates banned in the EU from 2017, such as sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP)[12] in tabs for dishwashers. BASF SE is the most important manufacturer of α-ADA under the brand name Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID), has large-scale plants in Ludwigshafen and Lima, Ohio, and is currently expanding its existing capacities with another large-scale plant at Evonik's site in Theodore, Alabama. Description of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is a chelating agent that delivers a non-toxic, environmentally friendly alternative to phosphates and other strong chelates. Methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) is the active ingredient and exceeds alternative products, like citrates, at removing lime scale and tough stains. Efficiently dissolve inorganic deposits and scales that produce undesirable effects like striking and spotting in dish wash and hard surface applications or limit the performance of surfactants and other additives in cleaners and detergents. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) chelating agent improves cleaning performance in hard surface, automatic dishwasher and laundry operations. I&l customers can use lower concentrations, due to its low molecular weight, of this strong complexing agent in their cleaning formulations, making it more cost effective. This product is effective in both alkaline and acidic cleaners, and also demonstrates effective cleaning ability in a variety of applications, including general purpose cleaners, floor care products, warewashing detergents, disinfectants and sanitizers, laundry detergents, automatic dishwashers, vehicle wash aids, and hand cleansers. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is extremely efficient in combating hard water and allowing for the best cleaning performance to shine through. In formulas with anionic surfactants, it is especially important to have an effective chelating agent like Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID), particularly in hard water conditions. Other chelating agents just don’t perform as well, and without the addition of one at all, there is hardly any cleaning shown. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are very effective complexing agents for calcium in the alkaline pH range. This is an advantage in many detergent and cleaner applications. ➔ The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are less likely to crystallise in the acidic pH range than other aminocarboxylic acids, and they are still capable of complexing iron ions effectively in the pH 2 – 3 range. Comparison with weak complexing agents: Weak complexing agents are incapable of reducing the concentration of free metal ions in aqueous systems to the same extent as the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID), and the result is that they are unable to prevent metal ions from playing a disruptive role in chemical processes. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are chemically very stable. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) have been shown to be very stable compared to other organic complexing agents such as citric acid, tartaric acid and gluconates, especially at high temperatures. Whereas inorganic sequestring agents (eg. phosphates) may hydrolyse at high temperatures, Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are stable – even when heated to 200 °C under pressure. Trilon M Powder and Trilon M Granules begin to decompose at approx. 300 °C. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are resistant to strong acids and strong bases. They are gradually broken down by chromic acid, potassium permanganate and other strong oxidizing agents. Stability in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, percarbonate and perborate is sufficient for joint application. Nevertheless, we do not recommend combining Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) and peroxides in liquid formulations. Sodium hypochlorite and other substances that release chlorine cause the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) to decompose. Alkaline earth and heavy metal complexes are broken down. ➔ Formulations that contain complexing agents have to remain chemically unchanged in storage and during transport in order to be able to unfold their full action. Many readily biodegradable complexing agents such as iminodisuccinates (IDS) and citrates are not sufficiently stable. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) have excellent chemical stability under a wide range of conditions, and this ensures that formulations that contain Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) remain effective over long periods. pH stability The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are resistant to being broken down across the whole pH 2 – 14 range, even at elevated temperatures. For instance, formulations that contain Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) and high concentrations of sodium hydroxide remain stable and do not precipitate. Other readily biodegradable complexing agents such as iminodisuccinate precipitate in alkaline media, and these weak complexing agents are then no longer able to keep metal ions in solution. The miscibility and stability of the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are excellent, even in highly acidic solutions. Many complexing agents cannot be employed in acidic formulations because they precipitate in the form of their sparingly soluble free acids. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) have the advantage that they remain soluble and chemically stable, even in the acidic pH range. ➔ The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) boost the performance of highly alkaline formulations. ➔ The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) can also be employed in acidic formulations. ➔ The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) do not decompose even at an extreme pH. Corrosion The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) stabilize polyvalent metal ions, which means that they can increase the rate at which metals dissolve. Nevertheless, with the exception of aluminium, an oxidizing agent such as air always has to be present for corrosion to take place. Unalloyed steel is prone to corrosion in media that contain air, but corrosion can be reduced substantially if the pH is in the alkaline range and can be eliminated almost completely if oxygen and other oxidizing agents are excluded. Steel cleaned with the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) in the slightly alkaline range, which is the optimum pH range for the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID), is much less prone to corrosion than if it is cleaned with acids. The only type of corrosion that has been observed with the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is uniform corrosion: pitting or stress cracking have not been observed in media with a low chloride content. One of the advantages of the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is that they can be supplied with a very low chloride content (< 20 mg/kg). The following information on materials is of a very general nature, because corrosion depends on many different factors such as exposure to air, galvanic corrosion caused by the presence of different metals and by the flow patterns of liquids. The compatibility of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) with different materials needs to be tested in each individual case. Austenitic stainless steels such as AISI/SAE 304, 316 Ti and 321 are very effective for vessels used to store and transport Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID). The corrosion resistance of ferritic carbon steel such as ASTM A201 Grade B (European Material No. P265GH) is limited. A rate of corrosion of 0.01 mm/a has been measured at 50 °C and air exclusion. Crevice corrosion has also occasionally been observed on welded joints, and so we would not recommend storing the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) in vessels made from unalloyed carbon steel for any prolonged length of time. The rate of corrosion can be reduced by removing the air from the system. Aluminium and aluminium alloys such as AL 7075 T6 (European Material No. 3.4365) are not resistant to Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID), because Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is alkaline and aluminium is quickly corroded by strong bases. Solutions that contain Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are much less corrosive to aluminium if their pH is adjusted to 5 – 7. The following points need to be taken into account when comparing the performance of the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) with weaker complexing agents. ➔ The quantity of complexing agent that is required to sequester a given concentration of calcium ions depends on the strength of the complexing agent. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) have a more effective complexing action, and much smaller quantities are required to obtain the same effect as with IDS. ➔ The quantities of complexing agents that need to be applied also depend on their active content. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) have a higher active content than many competitors’ products because they contain fewer by-products. Inhibiting calcium carbonate Phosphonates and water-soluble polymers are often used to prevent scale calcium carbonate from precipitating and forming scale. These substances act by temporarily delaying the onset of crystallisation. Chelating agents such as the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) act differently, because they prevent salts from precipitating and forming scale by sequestering the calcium ions. Scale can form if phosphonates or water-soluble polymers are used, depending on the concentrations of calcium ions and polymer or phosphonates, because the calcium ions do not form permanent bonds. ➔ The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) can be used to boost the action of polyacrylates and phosphonates in inhibiting scale formation. They can enhance the overall performance of scale inhibitor formulations. There is a need for phosphonates to be replaced in many applications because of issues concerning the effects of phosphorus compounds on aquatic life and water quality. Aminocarboxylates often perform better at a high pH, but phosphonates perform better at a low pH because they are more soluble than many aminocarboxylates. The solubility of the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) at a low pH is very good and they are quite capable of competing with phosphonates. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are an effective alternative to EDTA for removing calcium phosphate scale. The high performance of EDTA remains unsurpassed, but the performance of the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is by far the best of all of the readily biodegradable complexing agents. Weak complexing agents such as iminodisuccinate (IDS), ethylenediaminedisuccinate (EDDS), hydroxyethyliminodiacetate (HEIDA) and citrate are completely ineffective for dissolving stubborn calcium phosphate scale. ➔ The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are the best choice when it comes to finding a readily biodegradable complexing agent for dissolving calcium phosphate scale. Organic scale Calcium stearate and calcium oleate (lime soaps) Fatty acids and soaps also react with calcium ions to form sparingly soluble deposits in the kitchen, in the bathroom and on textiles. Lime, magnesium and heavy metals can form soaps that precipitate and give rise to spots and stains, dull surfaces, a rancid odour and poor wettability. They can also cause uneven dyeing, turbidity and changes in colour and cause rubber to perish. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are very effective for dissolving the scale formed by lime soaps and preventing scale from building up, and they are much more effective than weak complexing agents such as IDS or HEIDA. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) can be used to stabilise bleach. They prevent hydrogen peroxide decomposing too quickly by sequestering iron, manganese and copper ions. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are an effective alternative to established bleach stabilisers such as EDTA, but the performance of EDTA is still unsurpassed. If local restrictions prevent EDTA from being used, the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) and Trilon P Liquid supplied by BASF are effective alternatives for stabilising bleach. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is an inherently bioeliminable complexing agent that can also be used in combination with the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) to sequester iron, manganese and copper ions. We know of no ill effects that could have resulted from using the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) for the purpose for which they are intended and from processing them in accordance with current practice. According to the experience we have gained over many years and other information at our disposal, the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) do not exert any harmful effects on health, provided that they are used properly, due attention is given to the precautions necessary for handling chemicals, and the information and advice given in our Safety Data Sheets are observed. Storage Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) should not be stored at temperatures below 0 °C, because this can cause them to precipitate. It can be reconstituted by heating it briefly to 40 – 50 °C and stirring. Trilon M Powder is hygroscopic, and so it should be kept in tightly sealed containers. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) have a shelf life of one year in their tightly sealed original packaging. We would recommend storing Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) in tanks made from AISI 316 Ti or AISI 321 stainless steel. Ecology and toxicology The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) have an excellent ecological and toxicological profile and there are no restrictions on their use in many applications. The active ingredient contained in the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID), MGDA, is classified as being readily biodegradable according to the OECD criteria. In these tests, the test substance is broken down by bacteria under standardised conditions. ➔ The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) are classified as being readily biodegradable. The products supplied by BASF conform to ecological and toxicological stringent standards in order to protect the environment. BASF has submitted the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) to a thorough programme of tests and possesses a very extensive collection of data on the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID). Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) T is an aqueous solution of the trisodium salt of methylglycinediacetic acid (Na3MGDA). It finds application in detergents, cleaning, textiles, soap, metal plating, oil and gas, and water-softening products. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) is readily biodegradable. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID), methylglycinediacetic acid trisodium salt (MGDA-Na3) or trisodium α-DL-alanine diacetate (α-ADA), is the trisodium anion of N-(1-carboxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid and a tetradentate complexing agent. It forms stable 1:1 chelate complexes with cations having a charge number of at least +2, e.g. the "hard water forming" cations Ca2+ or Mg2+. α-ADA is distinguished from the isomeric β-alaninediacetic acid by better biodegradability and therefore improved environmental compatibility. Production of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) The patent literature on the industrial synthesis of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) describes the approaches for solving the key requirements of a manufacturing process that can be implemented on an industrial scale, characterized by Achieving the highest possible space-time yields Simple reaction control at relatively low pressures and temperatures Realization of continuous process options Achieving the lowest possible levels of impurities, particularly nitrilotriacetic acid, which is suspected of being carcinogenic Use of inexpensive raw materials, e.g. instead of pure L-alanine the raw mixture of Strecker synthesis from methanal, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia Avoidance of complex and yield-reducing isolation steps; instead, direct further use of the crude reaction solutions or precipitates in the following process step. An obvious synthesis route to α-alaninediacetic acid is from racemic α-DL-alanine, which provides racemic α-ADA by double cyanomethylation with methanal and hydrogen cyanide, hydrolysis of the intermediately formed diacetonitrile to the trisodium salt and subsequent acidification with mineral acids in a 97.4% overall yield.[4] In a later patent specification, however, only an overall yield of 77% and an NTA content of 0.1% is achieved with practically the same quantities of substances and under practically identical reaction conditions. MGDA Alanin This later patent specification also indicates a process route via alaninonitrile, which is obtained by Strecker synthesis from hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and methanal and converted to methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetonitrile by double cyanomethylation (step 1). The three nitrile groups are then hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to α-ADA (step 2). The total yield is given as 72%, the NTA content as 0.07%. MGDA Alaninonitril One variant of the reaction involves iminodiacetonitrile or iminodiacetic acid (step 1'), which reacts in a weakly acidic medium (pH 6) with hydrogen cyanide and ethanal to form methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetic acid, the nitrile group of which is hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) (step 2'). The reactant iminodiacetic acid is accessible at low cost by dehydrogenation of diethanolamine. Again, the total yield is given as 72%, the NTA content as 0.07%. A further variant is suitable for continuous production, in which ammonia, methanal and hydrogen cyanide react at pH 6 to form iminodiacetonitrile, which in a strongly acidic medium (pH 1.5) reacts with ethanal to produce trinitrile methylglycinonitrile-N,N-diacetonitrile in a very good yield of 92%. (step 1). MGDA Iminodiacetonitril Alkaline hydrolysis (step 2) results in a total yield of 85% Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) with an NTA content of 0.08%. This process variant seems to fulfil the above-mentioned criteria best. A low by-product synthesis route for Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) has recently been described, in which alanine is ethoxylated with ethylene oxide in an autoclave to form bis-hydroxyethylaminoalanine and then oxidized to α-ADA at 190 °C with Raney copper under pressure. BTC offers under the brand name Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) a broad product range of high performance and innovative complexing agents, also known as chelating agents. Chelating agents are able to prevent the deleterious impact of calcification in detergents and cleaning agents. The chelating agents of the Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) product range are used, besides others, to avoid the formation of poorly soluble precipitations, to prevent the undesirable decomposition of constituents of formulations, to prevent discolouration or rancidity. They bind and mask reliably the metal ions and guarantee smooth processing and efficient employment of water. The production of detergents and cleaners triggers a huge demand complexing agents which can be fulfilled with BTCs Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) grades. Brands Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) Properties of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) grades for the prevention of calcification in detergents and cleaning agents BTC’s Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) chelating agents belong mainly to the class of amino carboxylates which are organic complexing agents. They are available in powder or in liquid form, or as granules; as pure acid version or salt version; in very high purity as high-quality grades for special applications Household and industrial cleaning formulations include chelating additives to soften hard water. Thus, the formation of lime scale, inorganic scale formation is prevented. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) grades form typically 1:1 complexes. The high stability of these compounds makes them ideal for many industrial processes. They show a very good solubilisation property of the formed complexes. Based on the used amino carboxylic acid the following organic chelating additives are available: Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) B grades; ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, or Na-salt (EDTA) Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M grades; methylglycine diacetic acid (MGDA) Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) Ultimate grades; modified MGDA Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) P grade (modified anionic polyamine) The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) P grade is a non-amino polycarboxylate. It provides outstanding chelating properties especially for chelating iron molecules in alkaline areas. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M grades represent the newest generation of complexing agents. Based on methylglycine diacetic acid the product provides a very good chelating performance in addition with a readily biodegradability property. The excellent ecological and toxicological profile of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M has been verified in various repeated studies. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M grades offer versatile synergistic properties like enhanced stain removal property; substitute for sodium tripolyphosphate. The strongly limited use of phosphates as a builder in detergents, especially in home care automatic dish washing formulations, triggers the need of phosphate-free alternatives. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max grades provide extra performance like colour stability. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max based now on renewable resources. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max BioBased and Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max EcoBalanced. Thus sustainability of chelating agents are taken to the next level. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max BioBased is produced from sugar-based Alanin, thus the content of bio-based carbon is measurable. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max BioBased guarantees a bio-based Carbon Content of 43% with a total bio-based content of 32% (also considering other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen). Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max EcoBalanced, the first renewables-based Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M grade produced according to the biomass balance approach. This approach replaces fossil feedstock with renewable feedstock such as bio-naphtha or biogas at the very beginning of production. The renewable feedstock is then allocated to Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max EcoBalanced, using a TÜV Nord-certified method. This allows BASF to fully replace fossil feedstock by renewables, not only saving scarce fossil resources, but also reducing damaging greenhouse gas emissions. The Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max EcoBalanced is 100 percent renewables-based, thus helping to protect the environment and the climate without compromising on the high quality BASF customers expect. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max EcoBalanced has now been awarded certification based on the global REDcert2 scheme. In 2019, BASF transferred certification of biomass balanced products to the new global REDcert2 scheme for the chemical industry. BASF has established a closed chain of custody for the biomass balance approach that extends from the renewable feedstock right through to the final product. Independent certification by TÜV Nord in compliance with the global REDcert2 scheme confirms to the customer that BASF has fully replaced the entire quantity of fossil feedstock required to make Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) M Max EcoBalanced with renewables right from the start of the production process. Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) Ultimate grades are modified MGDA grades. They show besides others improved anti glass corrosiveness. Applications of Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) grades for the prevention of calcification in detergents and cleaning agents BTC’s Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) grades are used in applications like formulations for automatic dish washing, either liquid or solid; chelate based and phosphate-free builder systems; laundry formulations; formulations for floor and hard surface cleaners, toilet cleaners and car cleaners. Further applications for our Trilon M liquid (Trilon M sıvı, TRILON M LIQUID) grades include industrial and institutional cleaners for the food and beverage industry; cleaners for the dairy industry; ware washing and professional car, truck and bus cleaning formulations.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C5H12O3Si.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is an organosilicon compound that contains a vinyl functional group and three methoxy groups attached to a silicon atom.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is also known by its systematic name, (Z)-1-trimethoxysilanyl-1-propene.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a clear, colorless liquid that is soluble in organic solvents and water

CAS Number: 2768-02-7

APPLICATIONS

Trimethoxyvinylsilane has a variety of applications in various industries.
Here are some of its applications:

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a coupling agent in the production of fiberglass-reinforced plastics, adhesives, and sealants.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a reactive diluent in the formulation of high-performance coatings and resins.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinker in the production of thermoplastic elastomers, silicone rubbers, and polyurethanes.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a water scavenger in polyurethane foams.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of specialty silanes and siloxanes.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a surface treatment agent for inorganic materials such as glass and metal.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a modifier for polysiloxanes, polyethers, and polyesters to improve their adhesion properties.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinker in the production of thermosetting resins for electronic applications.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a monomer in the synthesis of vinylsilane polymers and copolymers.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as an intermediate in the production of organosilicon compounds.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a monomer in the production of silicone sealants and adhesives.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of organofunctional silanes.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinker in the production of resins and coatings for marine applications.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a surface treatment agent for ceramic materials.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a water-repellent agent in building materials such as concrete and masonry.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of rubber articles with improved properties such as heat resistance, tensile strength, and abrasion resistance.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a modifier for epoxy resins to improve their adhesion to various substrates.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a monomer in the production of vinylsilane copolymers for use in electronic applications.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinker in the production of high-performance adhesives.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a surface treatment agent for glass fibers to improve their adhesion to resins.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is commonly used in the manufacture of silicone polymers.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a cross-linker in various adhesives and coatings.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a coupling agent in the production of fiber-reinforced composite materials.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is often added to concrete to improve its adhesion and durability.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can also be used as a modifier in the synthesis of mesoporous materials.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a precursor in the preparation of silica nanoparticles.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a common component in the production of hydrophobic surfaces.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used to functionalize glass surfaces to improve adhesion to organic coatings.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is often used in the synthesis of silicone elastomers.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a popular reagent in the modification of micro- and nanoparticles.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the preparation of functionalized silica gels.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the synthesis of new biomaterials.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a key component in the production of sealants and caulks.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used to improve the performance of rubber compounds.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the preparation of inorganic-organic hybrid materials.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is often used in the production of optical fibers.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a surface modifier in the preparation of polymeric nanocomposites.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of highly selective sorbents for gas chromatography.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a key component in the manufacture of anti-fouling coatings.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used to modify the surface properties of polymeric membranes.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a cross-linking agent in the preparation of waterborne coatings.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is often used in the preparation of hybrid organic-inorganic coatings.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the production of ceramic fibers and composites.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the preparation of new ion exchange resins.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a common reagent in the preparation of functionalized nanoparticles.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is commonly used as a coupling agent in the production of glass fiber reinforced plastics.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is also used as an adhesion promoter in the manufacture of rubber products.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a surface modifier in the production of coatings and paints.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can also be used as a crosslinking agent in polymer chemistry.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of silicon-based ceramics.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is commonly used as a raw material in the synthesis of silane coupling agents.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as an additive in the production of adhesives and sealants.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinking agent in the production of thermosetting resins.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the production of biocompatible materials.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as an additive in the production of asphalt and bitumen.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a silane coupling agent in the production of fiber-reinforced composites.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as an adhesion promoter in the production of plastics.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of silicon-based coatings.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a surface modifier in the production of glass.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a raw material in the production of organosilicon compounds.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinking agent in the production of silicone rubber.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as an additive in the production of concrete and cement.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a coupling agent in the production of ceramic materials.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as an adhesion promoter in the production of paints.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a surface modifier in the production of metal surfaces.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a raw material in the production of specialty chemicals.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinking agent in the production of high-temperature resistant materials.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as an adhesion promoter in the production of glass beads.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a coupling agent in the production of nanocomposites.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a surface modifier in the production of ceramics for electronic applications.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of silicone rubber.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a coupling agent in the formulation of adhesives and sealants.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the production of water-repellent coatings for textiles.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of thermosetting plastics.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a crosslinking agent in the formulation of coatings and paints.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of glass fiber-reinforced thermosetting resins.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a surface modifier for inorganic fillers in polymer composites.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the production of electrical insulation materials.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a coupling agent in the production of inorganic fillers for rubber.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinking agent in the production of silicone resins.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a raw material for the production of silane coupling agents.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of water-repellent coatings for automotive parts.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the formulation of mold release agents.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the production of conductive coatings for electronic components.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the formulation of high-temperature adhesives.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of heat-resistant silicone rubber.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a surface modifier for pigments in coatings and inks.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the production of water-repellent coatings for building materials.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinking agent in the production of epoxy resins.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the production of thermoplastic elastomers.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a silane coupling agent for the production of vinyl resins.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a crosslinking agent for ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the production of coatings for printed circuit boards.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used as a water-repellent agent for leather.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is used in the formulation of fiber-reinforced composites for aircraft and aerospace applications.

DESCRIPTION

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C5H12O3Si.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is an organosilicon compound that contains a vinyl functional group and three methoxy groups attached to a silicon atom.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is also known by its systematic name, (Z)-1-trimethoxysilanyl-1-propene.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a clear, colorless liquid that is soluble in organic solvents and water.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane has the chemical formula C6H12O3Si and a molecular weight of 160.25 g/mol.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is soluble in most organic solvents, including alcohols, ethers, and ketones.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane has a boiling point of 124-126°C and a flash point of 34°C.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane is a reactive chemical that is sensitive to moisture and should be handled with care.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a monomer in the synthesis of silane-based polymers and copolymers.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can also be used as a coupling agent to improve the adhesion between organic and inorganic materials.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used to modify the surface properties of various materials, such as glass, ceramics, and metals.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a cross-linking agent in the production of silicone elastomers.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can also be used as a silane coupling agent in the manufacturing of fiber-reinforced composites.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a surface modifier in the production of inorganic membranes for gas separation and ultrafiltration.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a co-monomer in the synthesis of silicone-based surfactants and emulsifiers.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can also be used as a modifier for polyesters, polyurethanes, and epoxies to improve their mechanical properties.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for metal surfaces.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a reagent in organic synthesis, such as in the preparation of vinylsilane derivatives.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can also be used as a crosslinking agent in the production of high-performance thermosetting resins.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used in the production of silicone gels and oils with high viscosity.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a surface treatment for glass fibers to improve their compatibility with polymer matrices.

Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a modifier for glass beads and other fillers in polymer composites.
Trimethoxyvinylsilane can be used as a water scavenger in sealant formulations to increase their shelf life.

PROPERTIES

Chemical formula: C6H12O3Si
Molecular weight: 160.25 g/mol
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: pungent, acrid
Boiling point: 155-157 °C (311-315 °F)
Melting point: -86 to -83 °C (-123 to -117 °F)
Density: 1.02 g/mL at 25 °C (77 °F)
Solubility: insoluble in water, soluble in many organic solvents
Flash point: 38 °C (100 °F) (closed cup)
Vapor pressure: 1.1 mmHg at 25 °C (77 °F)
Refractive index: 1.407 at 20 °C (68 °F)
Viscosity: 0.7 cP at 25 °C (77 °F)
pH: 6.5-7.5
Surface tension: 23.5 dyn/cm at 25 °C (77 °F)
Autoignition temperature: 410 °C (770 °F)
Heat of vaporization: 41.4 kJ/mol
Heat of combustion: -4,101.2 kJ/mol
Heat of formation: -470.9 kJ/mol
Dielectric constant: 3.0 at 20 °C (68 °F)
Chemical stability: stable under normal conditions
Reactivity: reacts with water to produce methanol and silanediol
Hazardous polymerization: will not occur
Toxicity: can cause irritation to skin and eyes, harmful if ingested or inhaled
Corrosivity: can corrode metals and alloys
Flammability: highly flammable
Storage conditions: store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat and sources of ignition, keep container tightly closed

FIRST AID

In case of contact with Trimethoxyvinylsilane, the following first aid measures should be taken:

Skin contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and immediately wash affected skin with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation or redness develops.

Eye contact:

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open.
Seek medical attention if irritation, pain, or redness persists.

Inhalation:

Move to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
Seek medical attention if respiratory irritation or distress develops.

Ingestion:

Rinse mouth with water and drink plenty of water.
Do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical attention immediately.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and safety glasses, when handling.
Avoid skin contact and inhalation of the substance.
Use in a well-ventilated area to prevent the build-up of vapor concentrations.

Storage:

Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of heat or ignition.
Keep container tightly closed when not in use to prevent moisture contamination and air oxidation.
Keep away from oxidizing agents and strong acids and bases.

Store away from food, drink, and animal feed.
It is important to note that the handling and storage conditions may vary depending on the specific manufacturer's recommendations and any regulations in your region.
Always refer to the product label and safety data sheet for complete information.

SYNONYMS

2-Propen-1-ol, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)prop-1-ene
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propene
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)-1-propene
(Trimethoxysilyl)propene-3-ol
Silane, trimethoxyvinyl-
3-Trimethoxysilyl-1-propene
3-Trimethoxysilylpropene
TMVS
Vinyltrimethoxysilane
TriMethoxyvinylSilane
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)-1-propene-3-ol
(Trimethoxysilyl)propene-3-ol
UNII-8OJS7K5VV5
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propene-3-ol
CHEMBL378325
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)prop-1-ene
AC1L5PQC
8OJS7K5VV5
MFCD00042597
NSC 76841
(E)-Trimethoxyvinylsilane
Z-TMVS
KS-00000TDR
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propene-3-ol, solution.

Trimethyl borate is the organoboron compound with the formula B(OCH3)3.
Trimethyl borate is a colourless liquid that burns with a green flame.
Trimethyl borate power to aid the preparation of sodium borohydride and act as a weak Lewis acid (AN = 23) is well respected among chemists worldwide.

CAS Number: 121-43-7
EC Number: 204-468-9
Molecular Formula: C3H9BO3
Molecular Weight: 103.91

(MeO)3B, 121-43-7, 1212-43-7, 197926-EP2269975A2, 197926-EP2269997A2, 197926-EP2275415A2, 27060-EP2281822A1, 27060-EP2292589A1, 27060-EP2308866A1, 27060-EP2314583A1, 32599-EP2270006A1, 32599-EP2272817A1, 32599-EP2284148A1, 32599-EP2295421A1, 32599-EP2298770A1, 32599-EP2298774A1, 32599-EP2301926A1, 32599-EP2301933A1, 32599-EP2305627A1, 32599-EP2311826A2, 32599-EP2311827A1, 3349-42-6, 4-01-00-01269 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 46674-EP2292604A2, 46674-EP2308873A1, 46674-EP2311826A2, 63156-11-6, 82U64J6F5N, 95696-EP2371831A1, A804732, AI3-60245, AKOS000121036, AMY11113, AT28213, B(OCH3)3, B(OMe)3, B0226, B0522, Borate de trimthyle, Borester O, boric acid (H_3_BO_3_), trimethyl ester, Boric acid (H3BO3), trimethyl ester, Boric acid trimethyl, Boric acid trimethyl ester, Boric acid, trimethyl ester, BORON METHOXIDE, Borsaeuretrimethylester, BRN 1697939, C3-H9-B-O3, C3H9BO3, CHEBI:38913, DTXSID0037738, EC 204-468-9, EINECS 204-468-9, F0001-0343, FT-0600432, HSDB 5589, J-004497, LS-45040, Methyl borate, Methyl borate, ((MeO)3B), Methyl borate, (MeO)3 B, MFCD00008346, NA2416, NSC 777, NSC-777, NSC777, Q423710, SCHEMBL15840, STL264209, trimethoxy borane, trimethoxy boron, trimethoxyboran, Trimethoxyborane, Trimethoxyborine, Trimethoxyboron, trimethy borate, trimethyborate, TRIMETHYL BORATE, TRIMETHYL BORATE [HSDB], TRIMETHYL BORATE [MI], Trimethyl borate [UN2416] [Flammable liquid], Trimethyl borate [UN2416] [Flammable liquid], Trimethyl borate, >=98%, Trimethyl borate, 99.999% (trace metal basis), Trimethyl borate, azeotrope, 70%, in methanol, Trimethyl borate, purified by redistillation, >=99.5%, Trimethyl borate, purum, >=99.0% (GC), Trimethyl borate-11B, Trimethyl borate-11B, 99 atom % 11B, 98% (CP), trimethyl boric acid, trimethyl orthoborate, trimethyl-borate, Trimethylborat, trimethylborate, trimethylboric acid, Trimethylester kyseliny borite, Trimethylester kyseliny borite [Czech], UN 2416, UN2416, UNII-82U64J6F5N, Urea,N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-N'-cyclopentyl-, WLN: 1OBO1 & O1, 1212-43-7 [RN], 121-43-7 [RN], 1697939 [Beilstein], 204-468-9 [EINECS], 3349-42-6 [RN], 82U64J6F5N, Borate de triméthyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Boric acid (H3BO3), trimethyl ester [ACD/Index Name], BORIC ACID TRIMETHYL ESTER, ED5600000, METHYL BORATE, MFCD00008346 [MDL number], Trimethyl borate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki], TRIMETHYL BORATE-11B, 97 ATOM, Trimethylborat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], (MeO)3B, 31649-91-9 [RN], 4-01-00-01269 [Beilstein], 4-01-00-01269 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein], 486-73-7 [RN], 63156-11-6 [RN], B(OCH3)3, B(OMe)3, borato de trimetila [Portuguese], Borester O, boric acid, trimethyl ester, BORON METHOXIDE, Borsaeuretrimethylester, CHEBI:38913, EINECS 204-468-9, ST5409749, TL8000570, trimethoxyboramethane, trimethoxyborane, TRIMETHOXYBORINE, TRIMETHOXYBORON, Trimethyl borate [UN2416] [Flammable liquid], Trimethylborate, Trimethylester kyseliny borite [Czech], Trimethylester kyseliny borite [Czech], UN 2416, UNII:82U64J6F5N, UNII-82U64J6F5N, Urea,N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-N'-cyclopentyl-, WLN: 1OBO1 & O1

Trimethyl borate is an intermediate in the preparation of sodium borohydride and is a popular reagent in organic chemistry.
Trimethyl borate is a weak Lewis acid (AN = 23, Gutmann-Beckett method).

Borate esters are prepared by heating boric acid or related boron oxides with alcohols under conditions where water is removed.

Trimethyl borate is the main precursor to sodium borohydride.
Trimethyl borate is often used as a reagent in organic synthesis reactions, such as Suzuki couplings and Grignard reactions.

Trimethyl borate is the organoboron compound with the formula B(OCH3)3.
Trimethyl borate is a colourless liquid that burns with a green flame.
Trimethyl borate power to aid the preparation of sodium borohydride and act as a weak Lewis acid (AN = 23) is well respected among chemists worldwide.

Trimethyl borate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Trimethyl borate is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Trimethyl Borate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Broad range of products for hydrogen storage research, advanced fuel cells and battery applications.

Hydrogen can easily be generated from renewable energy sources and is the most abundant element in the universe.
Hydrogen is produced from various sources such as fossil fuels, water and renewables.

Hydrogen is nonpolluting and forms water as a harmless byproduct during use.
The challenges associated with the use of hydrogen as a form of energy include developing safe, compact, reliable, and cost-effective hydrogen storage and delivery technologies.

Currently, hydrogen can be stored in these three forms: Compressed Hydrogen, Liquid Hydrogen and Chemical Storage.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.

A member of the class of Borate Ester, Trimethyl borate is a colorless liquid that ignites with an impressive green flame.
Trimethyl borate power to aid the preparation of sodium borohydride and act as a weak Lewis acid (AN = 23) is well respected among chemists worldwide.
Borate ester, prepared by heating boron oxides and alcohols under dehydrating conditions, is a popular reagent in organic chemistry.

Trimethyl borate reacts with a Grignard reagent or organolithium compounds to yield dimethyl boronates, which upon subsequent aqueous acid treatment afford corresponding boronic acids.
The resultant boronic acids or esters are useful intermediates in various cross-coupling reactions such as Suzuki coupling and Chan-Lam coupling.
Trimethyl borate is also used in the preparation of sodium borohydride.

Trimethyl borate is a useful reagent in organic synthesis.
Trimethyl borate is involved in the production of resins, waxes and paints and acts as a methylation agent.

As a boron source, Trimethyl borate is used to prepare flame retardants, anti-oxidants and corrosion inhibitors.
Trimethyl borate reacts with Grignard reagents followed by hydrolysis to prepare boronic acid.

Trimethyl borate is also used as a precursor of borate esters, which finds application in the Suzuki coupling reaction.
Trimethyl borate is an intermediate in the preparation of sodium borohydride.

Applications of Trimethyl borate:
Trimethyl borate reacts with a Grignard reagent or organolithium compounds to yield dimethyl boronates, which upon subsequent aqueous acid treatment afford corresponding boronic acids.
The resultant boronic acids or esters are useful intermediates in various cross-coupling reactions such as Suzuki coupling and Chan-Lam coupling.
Trimethyl borate is also used in the preparation of sodium borohydride.

Trimethyl borate is the main precursor to sodium borohydride by Trimethyl borate reaction with sodium hydride:
4 NaH + B(OCH3)3 → NaBH4 + 3 NaOCH3

Trimethyl borate is a gaseous anti-oxidant in brazing and solder flux.
Otherwise, trimethyl borate has no announced commercial applications.
Trimethyl borate has been explored as a fire retardant, as well as being examined as an additive to some polymers.

Organic synthesis:
Trimethyl borate is a useful reagent in organic synthesis, as a precursor to boronic acids, which are used in Suzuki couplings.

These boronic acids are prepared via reaction of the trimethyl borate with Grignard reagents followed by hydrolysis:
ArMgBr + B(OCH3)3 → MgBrOCH3 + ArB(OCH3)2
ArB(OCH3)2 + 2 H2O → ArB(OH)2 + 2 HOCH3

Uses of Trimethyl borate:
Trimethyl borate is also an anti-oxidant in the brazing and solder flux and has been explored as a fire retardant.
Additionally, Trimethyl borate has been examined as an additive to some polymers.

Trimethyl borate is the main reactant in the Brown-Schlesinger method of producing sodium borohydride, and Trimethyl borate is successfully recreated from sodium metaborate (NaBO2) via a sequential process that includes reacting with sulfuric acid, cooling crystallization, and reactive esterification distillation.

The metaborate is first transformed to boric acid (H3BO3) by treating Trimethyl borate with sulfuric acid, obviating the need to synthesize borax (Na2B4O710H2O) in traditional techniques.
Boric acid is separated and purified from coexisting sodium sulphate by cooling crystallization (Na2SO4).

Following that, Trimethyl borate is made by esterifying boric acid with methanol, with reactive esterification distillation used to speed up the process and purify Trimethyl borate .
X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gas chromatography are used to demonstrate the formation of boric acid and trimethyl borate (GC).
Sodium metaborate could be converted to boric acid at a rate of about 55%, with a manufacturing yield of 74.1 to 96.5% for trimethyl borate esterified from boric acid as-produced.

Trimethyl borateis potassium (sodium) boron hydrogen intermediate.
Vulcanizing agent, wood preservative, catalyst, gelling agent, heat stabilizer, hydrogen flame extinguishing agent, also used for flame retardant treatment of cotton and preparation of active silica, and as a gas chromatographic analysis reagent for carbohydrate derivatives.

Trimethyl borate is used as a flame retardant, welding and brazing flux, chemical intermediate, fungicide, and a solvent for waxes, resins, and oils.
Trimethyl borate is used as solvent for waxes, resins, oils; catalyst in manufacture of ketones; analysis of paint and varnish ingredients; as neutron detector gas in presence of a scintillation counter; as promoter of diborane reactions
Trimethyl borate is intermediate in preparation of metal borohydrides.

Protection of Wood-based Materials:
Trimethyl borate has a high vapour pressure injected into a container containing the wood beneath a vacuum during vapour phase treatments.
Trimethyl borate then volatilizes and diffuses into the wood by combining with any moisture to form methanol and boric acid.

The borate is released during the reaction and is deposited in the wood.
Some methanol and borate remain in the wood when the vacuum is released.
This method has been used to cure a variety of composites, but Trimethyl borate utility is limited because the wood being processed cannot be too wet (moisture content less than 6–8%).

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Trimethyl borate is used in the following products: welding & soldering products and laboratory chemicals.
Trimethyl borate is used in the following areas: building & construction work and scientific research and development.

Trimethyl borate is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products.
Other release to the environment of Trimethyl borate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as reactive substance.

Uses at industrial sites:
Trimethyl borate is used in the following products: welding & soldering products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and plant protection products.
Trimethyl borate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Trimethyl borate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Trimethyl borate can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Intermediates

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Welding
Brazing
Farming (Pesticides)

Properties of Trimethyl borate:

Chemical Properties:
Dehydration produces trimethyl borate, which decomposes to methanol and boric acid when coming in contact with water.
In the presence of oxygen, Trimethyl borate burns to generate boron trioxide.
Trimethyl borate emits a vivid green hue in flames, which overpowers other flame colours.

Synthesis of Trimethyl borate:
Trimethyl borate is a boron triester with a single boron atom and three methoxide groups.
Trimethyl borate can be made by mixing a large amount of dry methanol with boric acid, boron oxide, and a tiny amount of sulfuric acid, and heating the mixture to dehydrate Trimethyl borate if necessary.

Due to the extra methanol used, the finished product would be an azeotropic mixture of methanol (25%) and trimethyl borate (75%).
Pure trimethyl borate can be obtained by converting methanol to trimethyl borate with a boron trihalide, such as boron tribromide.
However, the trihalide should be added gradually to avoid hydrolysis of the previously present boron tribromide.

Trimethyl borate is an essential reagent in organic synthesis because Trimethyl borate acts as a precursor to boronic acids.
These boronic acids, used in Suzuki couplings, are made by reacting trimethyl borate with Grignard reagents.

B(OCH3)3 + ArMgBr → MgBrOCH3 + ArB(OCH3)2

ArB(OCH3)2 + 2 H2O → ArB(OH)2 + 2 HOCH3

Methods of Manufacturing of Trimethyl borate:
Trimethyl borate is manufacture from pyridine-boron trichloride complex; from methanol and boric oxide, borax or boric acid; from methyl orthosilicates and boron halide; from boric acid and methanol.

Handling and Storage of Trimethyl borate:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Avoid generation of vapours/aerosols.

Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of ignition.
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.

Hygiene measures of Trimethyl borate:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 3: Flammable liquids

Stability and Reactivity of Trimethyl borate:

Reactivity:
Vapors may form explosive mixture with air.

Chemical stability:
Trimethyl borate is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

Exothermic reaction with:
Oxidizing agents
Acids
Fluorine
Water
Violent reactions possible with:
Alkali metals

Conditions to avoid:
Methanol is given off during processing and by reaction with water.
Avoid moisture.
Warming.

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents

First Aid Measures of Trimethyl borate:
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of Trimethyl borate (s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

Move victim to fresh air if Trimethyl borate can be done safely.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.

Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.

In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water.
Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

Keep victim calm and warm.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show Trimethyl borate safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.

If breathing stops:
Immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
In exceptional cases only, if medical care is not available within one hour, induce vomiting (only in persons who are wide awake and fully conscious), administer activated charcoal (20 - 40 g in a 10% slurry) and consult a doctor as quickly as possible.

Fire Fighting Measures:
The majority of these products have a very low flash point.
Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto Trimethyl borate .
If Trimethyl borate can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) Foam Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Trimethyl borate no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Trimethyl borate or mixture:
Carbon oxides
Borane/boron oxides

Combustible.
Pay attention to flashback.
Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.

Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.
Forms explosive mixtures with air at ambient temperatures.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
To fight fire use dry chemical, CO2, spray, foam.

If material on fire or involved in fire:
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.

Solid stream of water may be ineffective.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.

Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Accidental Release Measures of Trimethyl borate:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Do not breathe vapors, aerosols.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions of Trimethyl borate:
Do not let product enter drains.
Risk of explosion.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Identifiers of Trimethyl borate:
CAS Number: 121-43-7
ChEBI: CHEBI:38913
ChemSpider: 8157
ECHA InfoCard: 100.004.063
EC Number: 204-468-9
PubChem CID: 8470
UNII: 82U64J6F5N
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID0037738
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H9BO3/c1-5-4(6-2)7-3/h1-3H3
Key: WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C3H9BO3/c1-5-4(6-2)7-3/h1-3H3
Key: WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYAY
SMILES: O(B(OC)OC)C

Synonym(s): Boric acid trimethyl ester, Methyl borate
Linear Formula: B(OCH3)3
CAS Number: 121-43-7
Molecular Weight: 103.91
Beilstein: 1697939
EC Number: 204-468-9
MDL number: MFCD00008346
PubChem Substance ID: 24868738

CAS number: 121-43-7
EC index number: 005-005-00-1
EC number: 204-468-9
Hill Formula: C₃H₉BO₃
Chemical formula: (CH₃O)₃B
Molar Mass: 103.91 g/mol
HS Code: 2920 90 70

Linear Formula: B(OCH3)3
MDL Number: MFCD00008346
EC No.: 204-468-9
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: 1697939
Pubchem CID: 8470
IUPAC Name: trimethyl borate
SMILES: O(B(OC)OC)C
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/C3H9BO3/c1-5-4(6-2)7-3/h1-3H3
InchI Key: WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Typical Properties of Trimethyl borate:
Chemical formula: C3H9BO3
Molar mass: 103.91 g·mol−1
Appearance: colourless liquid
Density: 0.932 g/ml
Melting point: −34 °C (−29 °F; 239 K)
Boiling point: 68 to 69 °C (154 to 156 °F; 341 to 342 K)
Solubility in water: decomposition

Compound Formula: C3H9BO3
Molecular Weight: 103.91
Appearance: Colorless Liquid
Melting Point: −34 °C
Boiling Point: 68-69 °C
Density: 0.932 g/mL at 20 °C
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 104.064475 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 104.064475 g/mol

Vapor density: 3.59 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥98%
Refractive index: n20/D 1.346 (lit.)
bp: 68-69 °C (lit.)
mp: −34 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.932 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: COB(OC)OC
InChI: 1S/C3H9BO3/c1-5-4(6-2)7-3/h1-3H3
InChI key: WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Boiling point: 67 - 69 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.915 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: -11 °C
Ignition temperature: 305 °C
Melting Point: -31 °C
Vapor pressure: 147.9 - 148 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive Index: 1.3568 (20 °C)

Molecular Weight: 103.92 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 104.0644743 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 104.0644743 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 27.7Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 31.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Trimethyl borate:
Assay (acidimetric): ≥ 99.0 %
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.931 - 0.933
Identity (IR): passes test

Density: 0.915g/mL
Assay Percent Range: >99.9995% (metals basis)
Linear Formula: (CH3O)3B
Quantity: 10 g
UN Number: UN2416
Beilstein: 1697939
Merck Index: 14,9712
Formula Weight: 103.92
Percent Purity: ≥99.9995%
Physical Form: Liquid
Assay: (metals basis)
Chemical Name or Material: Trimethyl borate

Related compounds of Trimethyl borate:

Other cations:
Trimethyl phosphite
Tetramethyl orthosilicate

Names of Trimethyl borate:

Regulatory process names:
Borester O
Boric acid (H3BO3), trimethyl ester
Boric acid, trimethyl ester
Ethene, 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)-
Ethene, trifluoro(trifluoromethoxy)-
Ether, trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl
Methyl borate
Perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether)
Trifluoro(trifluoromethoxy)ethylene
Trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether
Trimethoxyborane
Trimethoxyborine
Trimethoxyboron
Trimethyl borate
TRIMETHYL BORATE
Trimethyl borate
trimethyl borate
Trimethylester kyseliny borite

Translated names:
borate de triméthyle (fr)
borato de trimetilo (es)
borato de trimetilo (pt)
ortoboran trimetylu (pl)
trimethyl-borát (cs)
trimethylboraat (nl)
trimethylborat (da)
Trimethylborat (de)
trimetil borat (ro)
trimetil borat (sl)
trimetil borato (it)
trimetil-borat (hr)
trimetil-borát (hu)
trimetilboratas (lt)
trimetilborāts (lv)
trimetoksyboran (pl)
trimetoksyboran ortoboran trimetylu (pl)
trimetyl-borát (sk)
trimetylborat (no)
trimetylborat (sv)
Trimetyyliboraatti (fi)
Trimetüülboraat (et)
βορικός τριμεθυλεστέρας (el)
триметил борат (bg)

IUPAC names:
1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene
Boric acid (h3bo3), trimethyl ester
Methyl borate
trimethoxyborane
Trimethyl Borate
Trimethyl borate
trimethyl borate
trimethyl borate
Trimethylborate
Tromentyl borate

Preferred IUPAC name:
Trimethyl borate

Trade names:
Trimethyl borate Azeotrope
Trimethyl Borate Pure

Other names:
trimethoxyborane, boron trimethoxide

Other identifiers:
005-005-00-1
1187-93-5
121-43-7
31649-91-9
63156-11-6

Trimethylacetic acid chloride, also known as Pivaloyl chloride, is a colorless and volatile liquid with a strong odor.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a pungent odor.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used in the production of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

CAS Number: 3282-30-2
EC Number: 221-921-6
Chemical Formula: C5H9ClO
Molar Mass: 120.58 g·mol−1

Synonyms: Pivaloyl chloride, 3282-30-2, Trimethylacetyl chloride, 2,2-DIMETHYLPROPANOYL CHLORIDE, Propanoyl chloride, 2,2-dimethyl-, Pivalyl chloride, 2,2-Dimethylpropionyl chloride, Pivalic acid chloride, Pivalolyl chloride, pivalic chloride, Neopentanoyl chloride, 2,2-dimethyl-propionyl chloride, JQ82J0O21T, 2,2,2-trimethylacetyl chloride, DTXSID4027529, 2,2-dimethylpropionic acid chloride, pivaloylchloride, Pivaloyl chlorid, pivaloylchlorid, UNII-JQ82J0O21T, Pvaloyl chlorde, PivCl, pivaloyl-chloride, 2,2, Dimethyl-propanoyl chloride, tBuCOCl, Piv-Cl, t-BuCOCl, EINECS 221-921-6, UN2438, PVCL, trimethylacetylchloride, trimethylacetyl choride, trimehtylacetyl chloride, trimethyl acetylchloride, Trimethylacetyl-chloride, t-butylcarbonyl chloride, trimethylacetoyl chloride, Trimethyl acetyl chloride, (CH3)3CCOCl, tert-butylcarbonyl chloride, EC 221-921-6, Acetyl chloride, trimethyl-, SCHEMBL1404, trimethylacetic acid chloride, 2,2-dimethylpropanoylchloride, 2,2-dimethylpropionylchloride, 2,2,2-trimethylacetylchloride, 2,2-Dimethyl-propionylchloride, Trimethylacetyl chloride, 99%, DTXCID907529, TERT-BUTYL CHLORO KETONE, 2,2-dimethyl propanoyl chloride, CHEMBL3183814, 2,2-dimethylpropionicacid cloride, STR00119, ZINC1534960, Tox21_200646, BBL011382, MFCD00000709, STL146483, 2,2-Dimethyl-propionic acid chloride, AKOS000121190, UN 2438, NCGC00248779-01, NCGC00258200-01, 1,1-DIMETHYLETHANECARBONYL CHLORIDE, CAS-3282-30-2, FT-0652320, P0677, Pivaloyl chloride, purum, >=98.0% (GC), EN300-19178, Trimethylacetyl chloride [UN2438] [Poison], A821441, J-523982, Q2017164, F2190-0014, 2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl chloride [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2,2, Dimethylpropanoylchlorid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 221-921-6 [EINECS], 3282-30-2 [RN], Chlorure de 2,2-diméthylpropanoyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Pivaloyl chloride, PIVALYL CHLORIDE, Propanoyl chloride, 2,2-dimethyl- [ACD/Index Name], Trimethylacetyl chloride, [503-30-0] [RN], 1,3-Propylene oxide, 102382 [Beilstein], 15722-48-2 [RN], 2,2,2-Trimethylacetyl chloride, 2,2-Dimethyl-propionyl chloride, 2,2-Dimethylpropionyl Chloride, 2,2-Dimethylpropionyl chloride, Trimethylacetyl chloride, Acetyl chloride, trimethyl-, Cyclooxabutane, MFCD00005167 [MDL number], Neopentanoyl chloride, Oxetane [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki], PI-44939, Pivalic acid chloride, Pivalolyl chloride, PivaloylChloride, RQ6825000, STR00119, tert-Valeryl chloride, Trimethylacetyl chloride [UN2438] [Poison], Trimethylacetylchloride, Trimethylene Oxide, UN 2438

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is a branched-chain acyl chloride.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride was first made by Aleksandr Butlerov in 1874 by reacting pivalic acid with phosphorus pentachloride.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as an input in the manufacture of some drugs, insecticides and herbicides.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is a reactive compound that is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other organic compounds.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride can be used as a precursor to amides, which are important pharmacological agents.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride undergoes chemiluminescence when reacted with hydrogen fluoride and potassium dichromate in the presence of an amide.
This reaction mechanism can be used to detect small amounts of Trimethylacetic acid chloride in solution.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in autoimmune diseases and has been investigated for use as a cox-2 inhibitor.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride, also known as Pivaloyl chloride, is a colorless and volatile liquid with a strong odor.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is an alkylating reagent and is widely used in organic synthesis for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic compounds.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is also used in the manufacture of drugs, pesticides, and other compounds.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a pungent odor.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride hydrolyses in the presence of water.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used in the production of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 to < 10 tonnes per annum.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is a natural product found in Rhodiola rosea with data available.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride appears as colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is very toxic by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is fumes irritate the eyes and mucous membranes.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is corrosive to most metals and tissue.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as a precursor in the preparation of tert-butyl peroxypivalate, guttiferon A derivatives, which is potential for the treatment of malaria.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as a raw material in the production of synthetic acidamide medicament and phenol ester medicament.
In addition to this, Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients such as aminobenzylpenicilin, cephalexin, cefazolin, dipivefrin and dipivalyl epinephrine.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is also used in heavy polymerization, N-acylating agent for amines, Schiff bases, pyrrolidinones as well as an O-acylating agent for alcohols, lactones and saccharides.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride market an overview:
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is classified as a harmful chemical with many restrictions on Trimethylacetic acid chloride handling and storage.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as a building block in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry.

In pharmaceutical industries, Trimethylacetic acid chloride serves as an important acylating reagent.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is a major raw material used in the synthesis of amides and lipids.

Different important drugs that are manufactured using Trimethylacetic acid chloride are Benzylpenicillin, adrenaline, cefazolin, and other drugs.
In agrochemical industries, Trimethylacetic acid chloride finds Trimethylacetic acid chloride application in pesticide intermediates production.
The major product agrochemical obtained from Trimethylacetic acid chloride is ChloroTrimethylacetic acid chloride.

In chemical industries, Trimethylacetic acid chlorides are used in the synthesis of ketones, amino groups, and anhydrides.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride market dynamics:
The global consumption of Trimethylacetic acid chlorides is mainly associated with the growth in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.
Which are the major drivers for the growth of the Trimethylacetic acid chlorides market around the world.

The global Trimethylacetic acid chloride market is consolidated to a few global and regional players only.
Major players in global Trimethylacetic acid chloride markets are mainly from China and India.

These countries are global leaders of agrochemical substances.
The demand for agrochemicals in these regions is mainly accelerated due to the government's positive attitude towards agriculture.

The government of India has launched initiatives like Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana(PMKSY), which helps to support farmers in these regions.
With these schemes, the government is targeting an increase in the country's revenue from agriculture sectors.

This positive attitude in the development of the agriculture sector will boost the global Trimethylacetic acid chloride Market in these countries.
The same strategy is followed by various other developing countries of Asia and other parts of the world.

The fluctuating international currency has negative impacts on the Trimethylacetic acid chloride market.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride high flammability and corrosiveness have also raised the safety concerns for the manufacturer's Transportation of Trimethylacetic acid chloride to involve high risk.
These are some of the restraining factors for the growth of the Trimethylacetic acid chloride market.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride market analysis:
Agrochemical industries have grown significantly in the Asia Pacific region due to the rising demand for food crops in these regions.
China and India are leading producers of the agrochemical, which is utilized in regional development in the agriculture sector.
Thus overall consumption Trimethylacetic acid chlorides expected to witness significant growth in these regions.

The global Trimethylacetic acid chloride market in China and India is experiencing higher growth due to several government inanities, which are encouraging the growth of agriculture in these regions.
Besides agrochemical industries, pharmaceuticals and chemical industries have shown significant growth in Asia Pacific regions, which leverages the global Trimethylacetic acid chloride market.

The pharmaceutical industries have been growing at higher single digits CAGR in Europe and America.
Since the application of Trimethylacetic acid chlorides is associated with drug manufacturing, the global Trimethylacetic acid chlorides are expected to rise in these regions.
The agriculture sector being the least contributing sector to the country`s GDP of the United States, contributes a very less to global Trimethylacetic acid chlorides market.

The Latin American & Middle East & Africa markets for Trimethylacetic acid chloride will show stagnant growth in the forecast period due to limited growth in agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries in these regions.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride Market Snapshot (2022 to 2032):
The global Trimethylacetic acid chloride demand is anticipated to rise at a CAGR of 4.3% to 6% during the forecast period between 2022 and 2032.
Rising applications of Trimethylacetic acid chloride across pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries are driving growth in the global Trimethylacetic acid chloride market.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride, also called 2, 2- dimethyl propanol chloride, is a branded chain acyl chloride with a pungent odor.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is being increasingly used as a building block in agrochemical, pharmaceutical, and refining chemicals industries.

Over the years, Trimethylacetic acid chloride has become a commonly used intermediate for the production of agricultural chemicals like insecticides, herbicides, pesticides, pharmaceutical compounds, and in peroxy esters manufacturing.
The rapid expansion of the pharmaceutical industry triggered by the increasing prevalence of various chronic and infectious diseases, growing health awareness, and increasing spending on medicines is expected to push the demand for Trimethylacetic acid chloride during the forecast period.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is being extensively used to manufacture pharmaceutical products such as DPE, cefazolin, dipivefrin, aminobenzylpenicilin, cephalexin, and digitally epinephrine.

Driving Demand in Trimethylacetic acid chloride Market:
The rapid growth of end-use industries such as chemical, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical is a major factor driving the demand for Trimethylacetic acid chloride.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride has become an ideal intermediate candidate for manufacturing a wide range of pharmaceutical and agrochemical products.

Factors such as a surge in diseases worldwide and increasing healthcare spending have ignited the growth of the pharmaceutical industry worldwide.
People are spending large amounts on pharmaceutical drugs.
As many of these pharmaceuticals are manufactured by using Trimethylacetic acid chloride as an intermediate, the rising dale for these products will eventually push the demand for Trimethylacetic acid chloride during the forecast period.

Similarly, rising concerns about food insecurity are prompting farmers to use agrochemicals like herbicides, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, globally, hunger levels remained alarmingly high during 2021 with around 193 million people facing acute food insecurity.
This is acting as a catalyst for the growth of the Trimethylacetic acid chloride market and the trend is likely to continue during the forecast period.

Challenges Faced by the Trimethylacetic acid chloride Industry:
Despite multiple applications of Trimethylacetic acid chloride, there are certain factors that are limiting the growth of the Trimethylacetic acid chloride industry.
Some of these factors include the presence of stringent regulations pertaining to the use of insecticides and pesticides, the hazardous nature of Trimethylacetic acid chloride, and the availability of various alternative pharmaceutical and pesticide intermediates.

Various countries are introducing regulations on the excessive use of insecticides and pesticides as they are harmful to humans, animals, and the environment.
This in turn is creating major challenges for manufacturers of Trimethylacetic acid chloride.

Scientific Research Applications of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used in a variety of scientific research applications, such as the synthesis of peptides, the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, and the synthesis of amines.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is also used in the synthesis of polymers, such as polystyrene and polyethylene.
In addition, Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic compounds.

Uses of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as a precursor in the preparation of tert-butyl peroxypivalate, guttiferon A derivatives, which is potential for the treatment of malaria.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as a raw material in the production of synthetic acidamide medicament and phenol ester medicament.

In addition to this, Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients such as aminobenzylpenicilin, cephalexin, cefazolin, dipivefrin and dipivalyl epinephrine.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is also used in heavy polymerization, N-acylating agent for amines, Schiff bases, pyrrolidinones as well as an O-acylating agent for alcohols, lactones and saccharides.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as a chemical intermediate.
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as a precursor in the preparation of tert-butyl peroxypivalate, guttiferon A derivatives, which is potential for the treatment of malaria.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used as a raw material in the production of synthetic acidamide medicament and phenol ester medicament.
In addition to this, Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients such as aminobenzylpenicilin, cephalexin, cefazolin, dipivefrin and dipivalyl epinephrine.

Trimethylacetic acid chloride is also used in heavy polymerization, N-acylating agent for amines, Schiff bases, pyrrolidinones as well as an O-acylating agent for alcohols, lactones and saccharides.

Uses at industrial sites:
Trimethylacetic acid chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Trimethylacetic acid chloride can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Industry Uses:
Intermediate
Intermediates

General Manufacturing Information of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing

Synthesis Method of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is synthesized from trimethylacetic acid and thionyl chloride.
The reaction is carried out in a sealed tube or flask at a temperature of 40-60°C.

The reaction is exothermic and the reaction is complete in about 2 hours.
The yield of the reaction is usually in the range of 75-95%.

Chemical Structure of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
A chemical structure of a molecule includes the arrangement of atoms and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together.
The Trimethylacetic acid chloride molecule contains a total of 15 bond(s).
There are 6 non-H bond(s), 1 multiple bond(s), 1 rotatable bond(s), 1 double bond(s) and 1 acyl halogenide(s) (aliphatic).

The 2D chemical structure image of Trimethylacetic acid chloride is also called skeletal formula, which is the standard notation for organic molecules.
The carbon atoms in the chemical structure of Trimethylacetic acid chloride are implied to be located at the corner(s) and hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are not indicated – each carbon atom is considered to be associated with enough hydrogen atoms to provide the carbon atom with four bonds.

The 3D chemical structure image of Trimethylacetic acid chloride is based on the ball-and-stick model which displays both the three-dimensional position of the atoms and the bonds between them.
The radius of the spheres is therefore smaller than the rod lengths in order to provide a clearer view of the atoms and bonds throughout the chemical structure model of Trimethylacetic acid chloride.

Reactivity Profile of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
Trimethylacetic acid chloride is acidic.
Incompatible with bases (including amines), strong oxidizing agents, and alcohols.
May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts.

Handling and Storage of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
All equipment used when handling Trimethylacetic acid chloride must be grounded.

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL:
Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.
Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

First Aid Measures of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of Trimethylacetic acid chloride(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.

Do not perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if victim ingested or inhaled Trimethylacetic acid chloride; wash face and mouth before giving artificial respiration.
Use a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.

Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.

In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water.
Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

Keep victim calm and warm.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

Fire Fighting of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
The majority of these products have a very low flash point.
Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame.
Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.
Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
If this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Accidental Release Measures of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:

Isolation and Evacuation:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Identifiers of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
CAS Number: 3282-30-2
Beilstein Reference: 102382
ChEMBL: ChEMBL3183814
ChemSpider: 56272
ECHA InfoCard: 100.019.929
EC Number: 221-921-6
PubChem CID: 62493
UNII: JQ82J0O21T
UN number: 2438
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID4027529
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H9ClO/c1-5(2,3)4(6)7/h1-3H3
Key: JVSFQJZRHXAUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CC(C)(C)C(=O)Cl

Synonym(s): Trimethylacetic acid chloride, Trimethylacetyl chloride
Linear Formula: (CH3)3CCOCl
CAS Number: 3282-30-2
Molecular Weight: 120.58
Beilstein: 385668
EC Number: 221-921-6
MDL number: MFCD00000709
PubChem Substance ID: 24900440
NACRES: NA.22

CAS number: 3282-30-2
EC number: 221-921-6
Hill Formula: C₅H₉ClO
Chemical formula: (CH₃)₃CCOCl
Molar Mass: 120.58 g/mol
HS Code: 2915 90 70

EC / List no.: 221-921-6
CAS no.: 3282-30-2
Mol. formula: C5H9ClO

Product Number: P0677
Purity / Analysis Method: >98.0%(T)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C5H9ClO = 120.58
Physical State (20 deg.C): Liquid
Storage Temperature: 0-10°C
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Moisture Sensitive,Heat Sensitive
CAS RN: 3282-30-2
Reaxys Registry Number: 385668
PubChem Substance ID: 125310048
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 2154
MDL Number: MFCD00000709

Properties of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
Chemical formula: C5H9ClO
Molar mass: 120.58 g·mol−1
Density: 0.985
Melting point: −57 °C (−71 °F; 216 K)
Boiling point: 105.5 °C (221.9 °F; 378.6 K)
Refractive index (nD): 1.412

Boiling point: 105 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.98 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.9 - 7.4 %(V)
Flash point: 13 °C
Ignition temperature: 455 °C
Melting Point: 87 - 88 °C
Vapor pressure: 38.59 hPa (20 °C)

Vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200
Vapor pressure: 36 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Assay: 99%
Refractive index: n20/D 1.412 (lit.)
bp: 105-106 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.979 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: CC(C)(C)C(Cl)=O
InChI: 1S/C5H9ClO/c1-5(2,3)4(6)7/h1-3H3
InChI key: JVSFQJZRHXAUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 120.58
XLogP3-AA: 2.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 120.0341926
Monoisotopic Mass: 120.0341926
Topological Polar Surface Area: 17.1 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 80.6
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
Assay (morpholine method): ≥ 98.0 %
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.979 - 0.982
Identity (IR): passes test

Related Products of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:
1,1-Dimethoxybutane
(E)-6,6-Dimethyl-2-hept-1-en-4-yn-1-amine
2,2-dimethoxybutane
Dimethyl trans-3-Hexenedioate
Dimethyl Hydroxyaspartate, Mixture of Diastereomers

Names of Trimethylacetic acid chloride:

Regulatory process names:
Trimethylacetic acid chloride
Trimethylacetic acid chloride
Trimethylacetic acid chloride
TRIMETHYLACETYL CHLORIDE
Directive, Annex II - RID

CAS names:
Propanoyl chloride
2,2-dimethyl-

IUPAC names:
2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl chloride
2,2-dimethylpropanoyl chloride
2,2-dimethylpropanoylchloride
2,2-dimethylpropionic acid chloride
Trimethylacetic acid chloride

Preferred IUPAC name:
2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl chloride

Trade names:
1,1-Dimethylethanecarbonyl chloride
2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl chloride
2,2-Dimethylpropionic acid chloride
2,2-Dimethylpropionyl chloride
Neopentanoyl chloride
Pivalic acid chloride
Pivalolyl chloride
Trimethylacetic acid chloride
Trimethylacetic acid chloride (6CI, 7CI, 8CI)
Pivaloylchlorid
Pivalyl chloride
Propanoyl chloride, 2,2-dimethyl-
Propanoyl chloride, 2,2-dimethyl- (9CI)
tert-Butyl chloro ketone
tert-Butylcarbonyl chloride
Trimethylacetyl chloride

Other names:
Trimethylacetyl chloride
Trimethylacetic acid chloride
Pivalyl chloride
neopentanoylchloride

Other identifier:
3282-30-2

DESCRIPTION:
Trimethylamine, anhydrous appears as a colorless gas with a fishlike odor at low concentrations changing to ammonia-like odor at higher concentrations.
Trimethylamine Shipped as a liquid under its own vapor pressure.
Contact with the unconfined liquid can cause frostbite from evaporative cooling or chemical type burns.

CAS: 75-50-3
European Community (EC) Number: 200-875-0
Molecular Formula: C3H9N

Trimethylamine (TMA) is an organic compound with the formula N(CH3)3.
Trimethylamine is a trimethylated derivative of ammonia.
Trimethylamine is widely used in industry: it is used in the synthesis of choline, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, plant growth regulators or herbicides, strongly basic anion exchange resins, dye leveling agents, and a number of basic dyes.

At higher concentrations Trimethylamine has an ammonia-like odor, and can cause necrosis of mucous membranes on contact.
At lower concentrations, Trimethylamine has a "fishy" odor, the odor associated with rotting fish.

The gas is corrosive and dissolves in water to form flammable, corrosive solutions.
Gas is an asphyxiate by the displacement of air.
Trimethylamine Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
Prolonged exposure to heat can cause the containers to rupture violently and rocket.

Long-term inhalation of low concentrations or short -term inhalation of high concentrations has adverse health effects.
Trimethylamine, aqueous solution appears as a clear to yellow aqueous solution of a gas.
Odor of Trimethylamine varies from fishlike to ammonia-like depending on vapor concentration.
Flash point of Trimethylamine is (25% solution) 35 °F.

Trimethylamine is Corrosive to skin and eyes.
Trimethylamine is Less dense (at 7.4 lb / gal) than water.

Vapors of Trimethylamine is heavier than air.
Trimethylamine Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned.
Trimethylamine is a tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an methyl group.

Trimethylamine has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Trimethylamine is a tertiary amine and a member of methylamines.
Trimethylamine is a conjugate base of a trimethylammonium.

Trimethylamine (TMA) is an organic compound with the formula N(CH3)3.
Trimethylamine is a trimethylated derivative of ammonia.
Trimethylamine is widely used in industry: it is used in the synthesis of choline, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, plant growth regulators or herbicides, strongly basic anion exchange resins, dye leveling agents, and a number of basic dyes.

At higher concentrations Trimethylamine has an ammonia-like odor, and can cause necrosis of mucous membranes on contact.
At lower concentrations, Trimethylamine has a "fishy" odor, the odor associated with rotting fish.

Trimethylamine is a colorless, hygroscopic and flammable tertiary amine having a fishlike odor at low concentrations changing to an ammonia-like odor at higher concentrations.
Trimethylamine is a gas at room temperature but is usually sold as a 30% solution in water.

Trimethylamine is tertiary alkylamine and co-produced with monomethylamine (MMA) and dimethylamine (DMA).
Trimethylamine is used as raw material for the production of choline based pharmaceuticals, surfactants, solvents, ion-exchange resins etc. E.g., Choline chloride, Chlormequat chloride, Trimethylamine Hydrochloride (TMAHCL) etc.

PROPERTIES OF TRIMETHYLAMINE:
Trimethylamine is a colorless, hygroscopic, and flammable tertiary amine.
Trimethylamine is a gas at room temperature but is usually sold as a 40% solution in water.
Trimethylamine is also sold in pressurized gas cylinders.

Trimethylamine is a nitrogenous base and can be readily protonated to give the trimethylammonium cation.
Trimethylammonium chloride is a hygroscopic colorless solid prepared from hydrochloric acid.

REACTIVITY OF TRIMETHYLAMINE:
Trimethylamine is a good nucleophile, and this reaction is the basis of most of its applications. Trimethylamine is a Lewis base that forms adducts with a variety of Lewis acids.

PRODUCTION OF TRIMETHYLAMINE:
Trimethylamine is prepared by the reaction of ammonia and methanol employing a catalyst:
3 CH3OH + NH3 → (CH3)3N + 3 H2O
This reaction coproduces the other methylamines, dimethylamine (CH3)2NH and methylamine CH3NH2.

Trimethylamine has also been prepared by a reaction of ammonium chloride and paraformaldehyde:
9 (CH2=O)n + 2n NH4Cl → 2n (CH3)3N•HCl + 3n H2O + 3n CO2↑

APPLICATIONS OF TRIMETHYLAMINE:
Animal Nutrient: Trimethylamine is used In manufacture of vitamin B supplement for animals
Catalyst: Trimethylamine is Used as catalyst or to produce catalyst
Electronics Industry: Trimethylamine is used As an accelerator for epoxy resins in manufacture of specialty chemicals for electronic Industry.

Explosives Industry: Trimethylamine is used In manufacture of water gel explosives
Fuel Additive: Trimethylamine is used As gasoline additive, in aviation fuel as antiknock compound
Paper Chemicals: Trimethylamine is Used as cationizing starch

Resin Industry: Trimethylamine is Used In manufacture of water treatment resins
Trimethylamine is Used In Pharmaceuticals

Trimethylamine is used in the synthesis of choline, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, plant growth regulators, herbicides, strongly basic anion exchange resins, dye leveling agents and a number of basic dyes.
Gas sensors to test for fish freshness detect trimethylamine.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIMETHYLAMINE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIMETHYLAMINE:
Molecular Weight 59.11 g/mol
XLogP3-AA 0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 1
Rotatable Bond Count 0
Exact Mass 59.073499291 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 59.073499291 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 3.2Å²
Heavy Atom Count 4
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 8
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Appearance: yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.62800 to 0.64500 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 5.226 to 5.367
Refractive Index: 1.34800 to 1.36600 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -117.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 3.00 to 4.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 1716.529053 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 2.04 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 36.00 °F. TCC ( 2.22 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.160
Soluble in:
alcohol
benzene
chloroform
ether
water, 8.90E+05 mg/L @ 30 °C (exp)

Odour : Rotten egg
pH : 11.2 (40%)
Freezing point : -117 °C @ 101.325 kPa
Boiling point : 3.5 °C @ 101.325 kPa
Flash point : -6.6 °C @ 101.325 kPa
Auto-ignition temperature : 190 °C @ 101.325 kPa
Flammability (solid, gas) : Extremely flammable gas.
Vapour pressure : 91 - 227 kPa @ 0 - 25°C
Relative vapour density : 2.09 (Air:1)
Density : 0.627 g/cm³ @ 25°C
Solubility : Water: 410 - 890 g/l @ 19 - 30 °C
Log Pow : -3.5 / -1.89 n-oktanol/water (@ 25°C, pH=7.0 - 10.1)
Viscosity, kinematic : 0.823 mm²/s
Viscosity, dynamic : 0.516 mPa•s
Lower explosive limit (LEL) : 2 vol %
Upper explosive limit (UEL) : 11.6 vol %
Formula: C3H9N / (CH3)3N
Molecular mass: 59.1
Boiling point: 3°C
Melting point: -117°C
Relative density (water = 1): 0.6 (liquid)
Solubility in water: very good
Vapour pressure, kPa at 20°C: 187
Relative vapour density (air = 1): 2
Flash point: Flammable gas
Auto-ignition temperature: 190°C
Explosive limits, vol% in air: 2.0-11.6
Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 0.2
Chemical formula C3H9N
Molar mass 59.112 g•mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Fishy, ammoniacal
Density 670 kg m−3 (at 0 °C)
627.0 kg m−3 (at 25 °C)
Melting point −117.20 °C; −178.96 °F; 155.95 K
Boiling point 3 to 7 °C; 37 to 44 °F; 276 to 280 K
Solubility in water Miscible
log P 0.119
Vapor pressure 188.7 kPa (at 20 °C)
Henry's law
constant (kH) 95 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
Basicity (pKb) 4.19
Dipole moment 0.612 D
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)

SYNONYMS OF TRIMETHYLAMINE:

HBr of trimethylamine
HCl of trimethylamine
HI of trimethylamine
Trimethylamine
trimethylamine
N,N-dimethylmethanamine
75-50-3
Methanamine, N,N-dimethyl-
N-Trimethylamine
Dimethylmethaneamine
Trimethylamin
(CH3)3N
FEMA No. 3241
FEMA Number 3241
N,N,N-trimethylamine
NMe3
Trimethylamine anhydrous
CCRIS 6283
HSDB 808
trimethyl-amine
AI3-15639
EINECS 200-875-0
UNII-LHH7G8O305
UN1083
UN1297
TRIMETHYLAMINUM
LHH7G8O305
tridimethylaminomethane
DTXSID2026238
Trimethyl-d9-amine
CHEBI:18139
Trimethylamine, anhydrous
Methylamine, N,N-dimethyl-
DTXCID106238
N(CH3)3
EC 200-875-0
MFCD00008327
Trimethylamine, anhydrous [UN1083] [Flammable gas]
TRIMETHYL AMINE
(CH3)3NH
(CH3)3NH+
MELDONIUM DIHYDRATE IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY)
MELDONIUM DIHYDRATE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
ACETYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE IMPURITY C (EP IMPURITY)
ACETYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY]
tri-methylamine
KEN
dimethylamino methane
N,N-dimethyl-Methanamine
N,N-Dimethylmethanamine #
bmse000224
TRIMETHYLAMINE [MI]
NCIOpen2_007868
TRIMETHYLAMINE [FCC]
TRIMETHYLAMINE [FHFI]
TRIMETHYLAMINE [HSDB]
Trimethylamine, >=99.0%
Trimethylamine, >=99.5%
Trimethylamine 2.0M in THF
TRIMETHYLAMINUM [HPUS]
CHEMBL439723
GTPL5521
Trimethylamine 2M in Isopropanol
TRIMETHYLAMINE, (ANHYDROUS)
Trimethylamine, anhydrous, >=99%
Tox21_302355
BDBM50416499
NSC101179
STL264242
AKOS000119986
NSC-101179
UN 1083
UN 1297
CAS-75-50-3
NCGC00255170-01
FT-0660006
InChI=1/C3H9N/c1-4(2)3/h1-3H
T0464
T2268
T2704
T2892
T2893
T3567
T3614
T3847
C00565
Trimethylamine (ca.8% in N,N-Dimethylformamide)
Q423953
Trimethylamine (ca. 8% in Toluene, ca. 1mol/L)
F1908-0091
Trimethylamine (ca. 13% in Acetonitrile, ca. 2mol/L)
Trimethylamine (ca. 25% in Isopropyl Alcohol, ca. 3mol/L)
Trimethylamine solution (ca. 28% in Water, ca. 4.3mol/L)
Trimethylamine solution (ca. 25% in Isopropyl Alcohol, ca. 3mol/L)
Trimethylamine, anhydrous, cylinder, with 316SS needle valve, 99%

Trimethylammonium Chloride is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt.
Trimethylammonium Chloride may also be used as a model system for studying reaction mechanisms, structural analysis, and calcium pantothenate metabolism.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is an essential nutrient that plays a role in energy metabolism and polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis.

CAS Number: 67-48-1
EC number: 200-655-4
Chemical formula: [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−
Molar mass: 139.62 g·mol−1

Synonyms: CHOLINE CHLORIDE, 67-48-1, Hepacholine, Lipotril, Paresan, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride, Biocolina, Biocoline, Hormocline, (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, Luridin chloride, Choline hydrochloride, Neocolina, Bilineurin chloride, Cholinium chloride, Choline, chloride, Chloride de choline, Choline chlorhydrate, Cholini chloridum, Cholinechloride, CHOLINE (CL), Colina cloruro, 2-Hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride, Choline chloride [INN], Cloruro de colina, Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride, Chlorure de choline, Choline (chloride), Trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride, CCRIS 3716, HSDB 984, Colina cloruro [DCIT], (beta-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, EINECS 200-655-4, Chloride de choline [French], NSC 402838, NSC-402838, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N,-trimethylethanaminium chloride, Cholini chloridum [INN-Latin], (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride, DTXSID4020325, FEMA NO. 4500, UNII-45I14D8O27, AI3-18302, Cloruro de colina [INN-Spanish], CHEBI:133341, Chlorure de choline [INN-French], Ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-, chloride, C5H14NO.Cl, 45I14D8O27, 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride, DTXCID20325, CHEMBL282468, CHOLINE-D13 CHLORIDE, EC 200-655-4, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride (1:1), CHOLINE CHLORIDE (MART.), CHOLINE CHLORIDE [MART.], Cloruro de colina (INN-Spanish), CHOLINE CHLORIDE (USP-RS), CHOLINE CHLORIDE [USP-RS], Chlorure de choline (INN-French), 352438-97-2, NSC402838, SR-01000075745, MFCD00011721, cholinii chloridum, Chloride, Choline, cholinium chloratum, Choline Chloride,(S), 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride, SCHEMBL14957, C(CO)N(C)(C)C, CHOLINE CHLORIDE [MI], SPECTRUM1503428, CHOLINE CHLORIDE [FCC], CHOLINE CHLORIDE [HSDB], CHOLINE CHLORIDE [INCI], CHOLINE CHLORIDE [VANDF], HMS500F09, CHOLINE CHLORIDE [WHO-DD], HMS1922E20, HMS2093G05, HMS3652D05, HMS3885F09, Pharmakon1600-01503428, AMY13898, Choline chloride [HOEtN1,1,1]Cl, HY-B1337, hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, Tox21_200492, CCG-39465, NSC758473, s4171, AKOS015903458, CS-4855, FS-3795, LS-1563, NSC-758473, CAS-67-48-1, WLN: Q2K1&1&1 &Q &G, NCGC00095059-01, NCGC00095059-02, NCGC00258046-01, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride, FT-0612603, FT-0665025, SW219165-1, (.beta.-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, A16451, D70213, EN300-102823, AB01568267_01, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium chloride, A835769, Q2964153, SR-01000075745-3, SR-01000075745-5, 1CDEFBD7-7905-4D2C-BEA8-44A54D9787D3, F8889-3032, Etanamino, 2-hidroxi-n, n, n-trimetil-, cloruro (1:1), Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1), (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-Ammonium chloride, (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, (β-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, 200-655-4 [EINECS], 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminiumchlorid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 67-48-1 [RN], Chlorure de 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-triméthyléthanaminium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], chlorure de choline [French] [INN], Choline (chloride), choline chloride [INN], CHOLINE, CHLORIDE, Cholini chloridum [Latin] [INN], cholinium chloride, cloruro de colina [Spanish] [INN], Colina cloruro [DCIT], Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1) [ACD/Index Name], KH2975000, холина хлорид [Russian] [INN], كلوريد كولين [Arabic] [INN], 氯化胆碱 [Chinese] [INN], (2-H2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, (2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride, (β-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, [67-48-1] [RN], 2-(trimethylamino)ethan-1-ol, chloride, 285979-70-6 [RN], 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethylammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethylazanium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethyl-azanium chloride, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-ethanaminium, monochloride, 352438-97-2 [RN], 61037-86-3 [RN], Ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-, chloride, Bilineurin chloride, Biocolina, Biocoline, Cholinchloride, choline-chloride, Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride, FS-3795, Hepacholine, Hormocline, hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, Lipotril, Luridin chloride, NCGC00095059-01, NCGC00095059-02, Neocolina, Paresan, Pharmakon1600-01503428, SPECTRUM1503428, trimethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride, Trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride, WLN: Q2K1&1&1 &Q &G, холина хлорид

Trimethylammonium Chloride is an organic compound with the formula [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt, consisting of choline cations ([(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+) and chloride anions (Cl−).

Trimethylammonium Chloride is bifunctional compound, meaning, Trimethylammonium Chloride contains both quaternary ammonium functional group and a hydroxyl functional group.
The cation of this salt, Trimethylammonium Chloride, occurs in nature in living beings.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is a white, water-soluble salt used mainly in animal feed.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is a constituent of sphingomyelin and lecithin.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is a precursor of acetylcholine.

Trimethylammonium Chloride plays a vital role in methyl group metabolism, carcinogenesis and lipid transport.
Choline deficiency is associated with fatty liver.

Trimethylammonium Chloride maintains cell structural integrity and cell signalling.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is implicated in the synthesis of phospholipids.
Trimethylammonium Chloride acts as a potent biomarker for ischemic heart disease.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is a weak acid.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is the salt of the naturally occurring choline, the pre-stage of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is important for mnemonic and thought-processes.
Trimethylammonium Chloride occurs naturally in fungi, hop and kingcups and as integral part of lecithin.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is a common food additive in animal husbandry

Trimethylammonium Chloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is a water solution of Trimethylammonium Chloride that is 75% by weight.
Trimethylammonium Chloride has been shown to be effective in preventing atherosclerotic lesions and metabolic disorders.

Trimethylammonium Chloride also has thermal expansion properties, which can be used for the manufacture of plastic containers.
Trimethylammonium Chloride can inhibit complex enzyme activity by forming complexes with the enzyme, thus inhibiting Trimethylammonium Chloride activity.

Trimethylammonium Chloride may also be used as a model system for studying reaction mechanisms, structural analysis, and calcium pantothenate metabolism.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is an essential nutrient that plays a role in energy metabolism and polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is also important for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) because Trimethylammonium Chloride enhances electrical conductivity across cell membranes.

Trimethylammonium Chloride appears as white crystals.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is practically neutral aqueous solution.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt with choline cation and chloride anion.
Trimethylammonium Chloride has a role as an animal growth promotant.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is a chloride salt and a quaternary ammonium salt.
Trimethylammonium Chloride contains a choline.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is a basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.

Applications of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is an important additive in feed especially for chickens where Trimethylammonium Chloride accelerates growth.
Trimethylammonium Chloride forms a deep eutectic solvent with urea, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and many other compounds.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is also used as a clay control additive in fluids used for hydraulic fracturing.

Trimethylammonium Chloride has been used:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used in choline release assay
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used as an endogenous agonist of sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs)
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used as a standard to analyse interrelationships between methionine and choline metabolism

Uses of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is an animal feed additive, classified as a water-soluble B-vitamin that increases animal growth.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is added exogenously to feed stocks because Trimethylammonium Chloride plays an essential role in fat transport, metabolism, and protects cell membrane structure.

Trimethylammonium Chloride can be supplied to tissue culture media, animal feed additive and used in clinical anti-fatty liver agent.
Trimethylammonium Chloride can be used for treating fatty liver and cirrhosis.

Trimethylammonium Chloride can also be used as the feed additive which is capable of stimulating ovaries for giving birth to more eggs and farrowing.
Trimethylammonium Chloride can also facilitate the weight gaining process of livestock, fish, etc.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is effective in the prevention and treatment of the fat deposition and tissue degeneration in the organs of livestock and poultry.
Trimethylammonium Chloride can also promote the absorption and synthesis of amino acids.

Moreover, Trimethylammonium Chloride can enhance physical fitness and disease resistance of livestock, promote their growth and development, and improve poultry laying rate.
The usage amount is 1-2 g/kg.

As a kind of feed additive, Trimethylammonium Chloride has the following physiological effects: Trimethylammonium Chloride can prevent the accumulation of the fat in liver and the kidney and tissue degeneration; Trimethylammonium Chloride can promote recombination of amino acids; Trimethylammonium Chloride can improve the utilization efficiency of amino acids, especially the essential amino acid methionine in vivo.
In Japan, 98% of the applied Trimethylammonium Chloride is used as the feed additives of chickens, pigs, cattle and fish and other animal.

Most of them have been processed into powder; the preparation process of 50% powder is that: first add an appropriate excipient of certain particle size into the mixer is prepared by previously adding an appropriate particle size of the excipient, and then add drop wise of aqueous solution of Trimethylammonium Chloride, after mixing, drying to derive it.
Some powder products are also blended with vitamins, minerals, and drugs.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is the vitamin B-class drug which can be used for the treatment of hepatitis, liver function degradation, early cirrhosis, and pernicious anemia.

B vitamins:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is an indispensible fundamental component in humans and animal body, often referred to as B vitamins or vitamin B4, and is a necessary low-molecule organic compound for maintaining physiological function off animal body.
Trimethylammonium Chloride can be synthesized inside animal body but still often need to be supplied to dietary and is a kind of vitamin in maximal usage amount.
Inside animal cells, Trimethylammonium Chloride can be used to adjust the in vivo metabolism and conversion of fats, preventing the fat deposition and tissue degeneration of liver and kidney, and then promote the regeneration of amino acids, enhance utilization of amino acids as well as save some part of methionine.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is the most commonly used as well as most economical form of synthetic choline and is a water soluble vitamin, and is the component for constituting of acetylcholine, lecithin, and nerve phospholipids of biological tissue.
Moreover, Trimethylammonium Chloride can save methionine and is an important material required for livestock, poultry, and fish.

Inside animal body, Trimethylammonium Chloride can be used for adjusting in vivo metabolism and conversion of fats and can prevent the deposition in liver and related tissue degeneration.
As a methyl donor, Trimethylammonium Chloride can promote the re-formation of amino acids and improve the utilization of amino acids.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is mainly used as an additive for being mixing into the animal feed.
During the exact usage process, in addition to prevent moisture deliquescence, you should also note that all kind of feeds usually take the addition of Trimethylammonium Chloride as the last step.

Because of Trimethylammonium Chloride destruction effects on other vitamins, especially Trimethylammonium Chloride rapid destruction on vitamin A, D, K in the presence of metal elements, multi-dimensional formulation should not include choline.
Daily feed supplied with Trimethylammonium Chloride should be used as soon as possible after the addition.

Tests have showed that Trimethylammonium Chloride is especially important for chicken poultry.
Trimethylammonium Chloride synthetic amino acids and lecithin can be delivered to various locations inside chicken bodies, being able to prevent the fat deposition in the liver and kidney and accelerate the growth of chickens and increase egg production and hatchability.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used in the following products: plant protection products, laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products and fertilisers.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, health services, scientific research and development and mining.
Other release to the environment of Trimethylammonium Chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.

Uses at industrial sites:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, fertilisers, washing & cleaning products and plant protection products.
Trimethylammonium Chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Trimethylammonium Chloride is used in the following areas: mining, scientific research and development, health services and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Trimethylammonium Chloride can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Soil amendments (fertilizers)
Stabilizing agent

Consumer Uses:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and washing & cleaning products.
Other release to the environment of Trimethylammonium Chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

Other Consumer Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Soil amendments (fertilizers)

Chemical Properties of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is white hygroscopic crystal and is odorless with fish stench.
Trimethylammonium Chloride melting point of 240 ℃.

Trimethylammonium Chloride 10% aqueous solution has a pH 5-6.
However, Trimethylammonium Chloride is unstable in alkaline solution.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is easily soluble in water and ethanol but insoluble in ether, petroleum ether, benzene and carbon disulfide.
Trimethylammonium Chloride has a low toxicity with LD50 (rat, oral) being 3400 mg/kg.

General Manufacturing Information of Trimethylammonium Chloride:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities

Synthesis of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
In the laboratory, choline can be prepared by methylation of dimethylethanolamine with methyl chloride.

Trimethylammonium Chloride is mass-produced with world production estimated at 160 000 tons in 1999.
Industrially, Trimethylammonium Chloride is produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide, hydrogen chloride, and trimethylamine, or from the pre-formed salt.

Trimethylammonium Chloride can also be made by treating trimethylamine with 2-chloroethanol.

(CH3)3N + ClCH2CH2OH → [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−

Production method of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
(1) Continuous method for preparation of Trimethylammonium Chloride solution:
Continuously send the trimethylamine hydrochloride and a certain amount of ethylene oxide separately through pump into the reactor; the reactants had a residence time at the reactor of 1-1.5h; the reaction was carried out under stirring and has Trimethylammonium Chloride resulting product being continuously withdrawn so that the liquid level within the reactor remained stable.
The withdrawn Trimethylammonium Chloride extraction crude product entered into the stripper to obtain 60-80% Trimethylammonium Chloride liquid product from the bottom.

(2) Trimethylamine hydrochloride was reacted with ethylene oxide, and then added with an organic acid for neutralization and further concentration to obtain the Trimethylammonium Chloride (3) Chloro-ethanol was reacted with trimethylamine to generate Trimethylammonium Chloride.

(3)Ethylene oxide method:
Trimethylammonium Chloride can be made from the reaction between ethylene oxide and trimethylamine.
Add the trimethylamine ethanol solution into the reactor, send through ethylene oxide at about 30 ℃ and stirring reaction of 4 hour and further obtain Trimethylammonium Chloride through neutralization with hydrochloric acid (control PH at 6.5-7.0).

The yield of the crude product can be as high as 98%. The crude product can further be subject to activated carbon decolorizing and vacuum concentration to obtain 70% aqueous solution.
The aqueous solution was added with ground corn cobs, rice hull flour, wheat bran or diatomaceous earth and some other kinds of excipients and can give 50% of the powder.

(4) Chlorohydrin method:
Use chlorohydrin to substitute ethylene oxide and hydrochloric acid; have Trimethylammonium Chloride reacted with trimethylamine in the presence of a small amount of ethylene oxide or alkaline substance;
First add 100 parts of chlorohydrin into the reaction vessel, further add 130 parts of trimethylamine from the liquid surface, while supplying of ethylene oxide to trigger the reaction.

After the addition, stir at 32-38 ℃ for 4h with the yield being 84% (calculated from chlorohydrin).
For example, if catalyzed with an alkaline substance (such as quaternary ammonium salts), the one-way conversion rate can reach over 97%.
Trimethylamine methanol solution and chlorohydrin is subject to heating reaction, concentration under reduced pressure, and re-crystallization to generate it.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Choline is an essential nutrient, commonly grouped with the B complex vitamins, that plays key roles in many biological processes.
The enzymatic activities of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1), two serum enzymes synthesized by the liver and related with inflammation, were decreased in a sepsis animal model injected with LPS.
Trimethylammonium Chloride administered intravenously at 20 mg/kg body weight prevents the LPS-mediated decreases in the activities of these two enzymes.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Trimethylammonium Chloride:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Lipotropic Agents:
Endogenous factors or drugs that increase the transport and metabolism of LIPIDS including the synthesis of LIPOPROTEINS by the LIVER and their uptake by extrahepatic tissues.

Nootropic Agents:
Drugs used to specifically facilitate learning or memory, particularly to prevent the cognitive deficits associated with dementias.
These drugs act by a variety of mechanisms.

Handling and Storage of Trimethylammonium Chloride:

Nonfire Spill Response:

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container.
Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material.

Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal.
Wash all contaminated surfaces with a strong soap and water solution.
Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and protect Trimethylammonium Chloride from moisture.

Reactivity Profile of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Trimethylammonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt. Quaternary ammonium salts often serve as catalysts in reactions.
They are incompatible with many strong oxidizers and reducing agents, such as metal hydrides, alkali/active metals, and organometallics.

Quaternary ammonium salts often serve as catalysts in reactions.
They are incompatible with many strong oxidizers and reducing agents, such as metal hydrides, alkali/active metals, and organometallics.

Unlike the ammonium ion, [NH4]+, and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution.

First Aid Measures of Trimethylammonium Chloride:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Fire Fighting of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
To fight fires involving this chemical, you should be equipped with an air line or self-contained breathing apparatus.
Extinguish with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam or halon extinguisher.

Accidental Release Measures of Trimethylammonium Chloride:

Spillage Disposal of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.
If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

Disposal Methods of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision.
Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Identifiers of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
CAS Number: 67-48-1
ChEBI: CHEBI:133341
ChEMBL: ChEMBL282468
ChemSpider: 5974
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.596
E number: E1001(iii) (additional chemicals)
PubChem CID: 522265
UNII: 45I14D8O27
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID4020325
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
Key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
Key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-REWHXWOFAH
SMILES: [Cl-].OCC[N+](C)(C)C

CAS number: 67-48-1
EC number: 200-655-4
Grade: DAB 10
Hill Formula: C₅H₁₄ClNO
Molar Mass: 139.63 g/mol
HS Code: 2923 10 00

Synonym(s): (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
Linear Formula: (CH3)3N(Cl)CH2CH2OH
CAS Number: 67-48-1
Molecular Weight: 139.62
Beilstein: 3563126
EC Number: 200-655-4
MDL number: MFCD00011721
PubChem Substance ID: 57654039
NACRES: NA.25

Properties of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Chemical formula: [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−
Molar mass: 139.62 g·mol−1
Appearance: White hygroscopic crystals
Melting point: 302 °C (576 °F; 575 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: very soluble (>650 g/L)

Ignition temperature: 355 °C
Melting Point: 200 °C
pH value: 5.0 - 6.5 (140 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Bulk density: 430 kg/m3

biological source: synthetic
Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99%
form: powder
color: white
mp: 302-305 °C (dec.) (lit.)
SMILES string: [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO
InChI: 1S/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
InChI key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M

Molecular Weight: 139.62 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 139.0763918 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 139.0763918 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 46.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Assay (argentometric; calculated on dried substance): 98.0 - 100.5 %
Identity (wet chemistry): passes test
Identity (IR): passes test
Appearance of solution (10 %; water): passes test
Acidity or alkalinity: passes test
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 0.001 %
As (Arsenic): ≤ 0.0003 %
Pb (Lead): ≤ 0.5 ppm
Ammonium, volatile amines: passes test
Ammonium, primary amines: passes test
1,4 Dioxane: passes test
Residual solvents (ICH Q3C): excluded by the manufacturing process
Residue on ignition: ≤ 0.05 %
Loss on drying (120 °C): ≤ 1.5 %
Water: ≤ 0.5 %

Related salts of Trimethylammonium Chloride:
Other commercial choline salts are choline hydroxide and choline bitartrate.
In foodstuffs, Trimethylammonium Chloride is often present as phosphatidylcholine.

Names of Trimethylammonium Chloride:

Regulatory process names:
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
2-Hydroxyethyl-trimethylammoniumchlorid
Chlorure de choline
Cholinchlorid
cholinchlorid
Cholinchloride
Choline chloride
Choline Chloride
Choline chloride
choline chloride

IUPAC names:
(2 - Hydroxyethyl) trimethylammonium chloride
(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium chloride
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium Chloride
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride
2-Hydroxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride
Cholin Chlorid
Choline Chloride
Choline chloride
choline chloride
Choline Chloride
Choline chloride
choline chloride
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride

Preferred IUPAC name:
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium chloride

Trade names:
CC 75 - Choline chloride, aqueous solution

Other names:
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
Hepacholine
Biocolina
Lipotril

Other identifiers:
1643859-93-1
2028303-08-2
67-48-1

Trimethylolpropane trioleate; 2-ethyl-2-[[(1-oxooleyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl dioleate cas no: 57675-44-2

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a primary alcohol.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) has three hydroxyl groups.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a white material in flakes.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a triol present as a colourless solid with the molecular formula C6H14O3.

CAS Number: 77-99-6
EC Number: 201-074-9
Chemical formula: C6H14O3

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a trifunctional alcohol supplied in solid form.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a colorless hygroscopic solid crystal that is soluble in water and alcohol.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a trifunctional alcohol supplied in solid form

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2C(CH2OH)3.

This colourless to white solid with a faint odor, Trimethylol propane (TMP), is a triol.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a synthetic organic compound that belongs to the family of triols, which are compounds with three hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a clear, colorless liquid with a low viscosity and a faint, sweet, alcoholic odor.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a versatile intermediate that is used in a variety of chemical reactions and processes, including the production of resins, polymers, and surfactants.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) has a number of useful properties that make it attractive for a variety of applications.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a good solvent for a wide range of organic compounds, and it is also a good plasticizer, which means that it can be used to make polymers more flexible and easier to process.
In addition, Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a good surfactant, which means that it can reduce the surface tension of liquids and improve their wetting and spreading properties.

Trimethylol propane (TMP), in the form of a clear crystalline flake, is an alcohol produced by the reaction of formaldehyde with n-butyraldehyde.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is an intermediate and a triol that can be used in glues and polyurethane coatings.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is also known as hexaglycerol.

Trimethylol propane (TMP), white flake crystal.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is easily soluble in water, lower alcohol, glycerin, N, N-dimethylformamide, partially soluble in acetone and ethyl acetate, slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride, ether and chloroform.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is easily soluble in water, lower alcohol, glycerin, N, N-dimethylformamide, partially soluble in acetone and ethyl acetate, slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride, ether and chloroform, insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Trimethylol propane (TMP)'s hygroscopicity is about 50% of glycerol.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is an organic compound and belongs to the group of polyhydric alcohols.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is biodegradable, non-toxic, and has been approved for use in various food contact applications.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is an important starting material for synthesis processes in the chemical industry. Trimethylol propane (TMP) is obtained in a two-stage process from butanal, which is first expanded to 2,2-bis-hydroxymethylbutanal by condensation with formaldehyde and then reduced to a trihydric alcohol in a Cannizzaro reaction.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a trifunctional polyol supplied in solid form.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is soluble in water, low carbon alcohol, glycerol, N,N-dimethylformamide, partially soluble in acetone and ethyl acetate, slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride, ether and chloroform, and insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) has strong hygroscopicity.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is soluble in water and acetone, and also soluble in carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and ether, but insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) has the advantages of improving the firmness, corrosion resistance and sealing performance of resin, and have good stability to hydrolysis, pyrolysis and oxidation.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is hygroscopic and should keep dry at low temperature preferably below 30℃to avoid caking.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in the following products: coating products, polymers, adhesives and sealants, polishes and waxes, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and inks and toners.

Other release to the environment of Trimethylol propane (TMP) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Other release to the environment of Trimethylol propane (TMP) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

Trimethylol propane (TMP) can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) can be found in products with material based on: wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys) and rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, inks and toners, coating products, adhesives and sealants, non-metal-surface treatment products, polymers, paper chemicals and dyes and washing & cleaning products.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in the following areas: health services and printing and recorded media reproduction.

Other release to the environment of Trimethylol propane (TMP) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in the following products: polymers, coating products, adhesives and sealants, inks and toners, non-metal-surface treatment products, paper chemicals and dyes and washing & cleaning products.

Release to the environment of Trimethylol propane (TMP) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in the following products: polymers, adhesives and sealants, coating products and pH regulators and water treatment products.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, plastic products, rubber products and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).

Release to the environment of Trimethylol propane (TMP) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, for thermoplastic manufacture, in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Release to the environment of Trimethylol propane (TMP) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture and as processing aid.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is mainly used as the solvent and extractant of medicine and pesticide

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in saturated polyesters for coil coatings, alkyds for paints, polyurethanes for coatings and elastomers, acrylic acid esters for radiation curing, esters for synthetic lubricants, rosin esters and for surface treatment of pigments.
Containing three hydroxy functional groups, Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a widely used building block in the polymer industry.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is mainly consumed as a precursor to alkyd resins.
Otherwise, acrylated and alkoxylated Trimethylol propane (TMP)'s are used as multifunctional monomers to produce various coatings, Ethoxylated and propoxylated TMP, derived condensation of from Trimethylol propane (TMP) and the epoxides, are used for production of flexible polyurethanes.

Allyl ether derivatives of Trimethylol propane (TMP), with the formula CH3CH2C(CH2OCH2CH=CH2)3-x(CH2OH)x are precursors to high-gloss coatings and ion exchange resins.
The oxetane "TMPO" is a photoinduceable polymerisation initiator.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is may also be reacted with epichlorohydrin to produce the triglycidyl ether.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used Alkyd resins for coatings, polyesters resins , Silicone, Acrylates, Adhesives and sealants, Electric insulation coatings, Pigments, Ink, Toner, and Colorant Products, Fabric, Textile, and Leather Products, Food Packaging, production of flexible polyurethanes, PU resin.

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is used in the production of adhesive resins such as (polyurethanes polyester polyol and polycarbonate diol).
Coatings: Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as a precursor for the manufacture of resins including alkyds, saturated polyesters and polyurethanes (polyester polyol and polycarbonate diol).

Due to its structure, Trimethylol propane (TMP) imparts high UV and chemical resistance
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is widely used as a building block in the polymer industry.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is also used as a conditioning agent, manufacture of varnishes, alkyd resins, synthetic drying oils, urethane foams and coatings, silicone lubricant oils, lactone plasticizers, textile finishes, surfactants, and epoxy products.

Overall, Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a valuable chemical intermediate that is used in a variety of industries, including the paint and coatings industry, the plastics industry, and the cosmetics and personal care industry.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a versatile chemical intermediate that is used in a variety of applications, including the production of resins, polymers, and surfactants.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is mainly used in the production of alkyd resin, polyurethane, unsaturated resin, polyester resin, coatings, and the synthesis of aviation lubricant, printing ink, etc.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) can also be used as a heat stabilizer for textile additives and polyvinyl chloride resin.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) can improve the film’s hardness, gloss, and durability when used to manufacture polyurethane and alkyd coatings.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the curing agent for polyurethane coatings/adhesives.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used Synthesis of branched polyester polyol for polyurethane coatings/synthetic leather/elastomer.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used Synthesis of polyether polyol as the initiator.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used Production of polyurethane plastics.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the crosslinking agent of polyurethane elastomer, microcellular polyurethane plastics.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as a raw material for the synthesis of organic compounds such as trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, which are used to produce polyurethanes, polyesters, polyethers and alkyd resins and are required for the production of surfactants, adhesives, binders, lubricants, varnishes, paints and coatings.

Due to these applications, Trimethylol propane (TMP) is of great importance for furniture production, construction and the automotive industry.
Areas of application of Trimethylol propane (TMP): Base material for the production of polyethers, polyesters, polyurethanes, alkyd resins, surfactants, binders, adhesives, lacquers, paints, lubricants and coatings.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a trifunctional alcohol with a wide spectrum of applications in the chemical industry, e.g. for the synthesis of alkyd and polyester resins, synthetic lubricants, PU-foams and lacquers or glues and adhesives.
Furthermore, Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used for the production of dyestuffs, pigments, paints and silicone products.

Important applications areas of Trimethylol propane (TMP): Alkyd resins, Polyurethanes, Radiation curing monomers, Synthesize lubricant, Plasticizer, Printing ink, Pigment treatment, Textile auxiliary, PVC stabilizers etc.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is mainly used in alkyd resin, polyurethane, unsaturated resin, polyester resin, coating and other fields.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) can also be used to synthesize aviation lubricating oil, printing ink, etc.,
Trimethylol propane (TMP) can also be used as textile auxiliaries and heat stabilizer of PVC resin.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the raw material of synthetic resin, also used in the synthesis of aviation lubricating oil, plasticizer, etc

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used for Alkyd resins, Polyurethanes, Radiation curing monomers, Synthesize lubricant, Plasticizer, Printing ink, Pigment treatment, Textile auxiliary, PVC stabilizers etc.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the raw material of synthetic resin, and also used for synthetic aviation lubricating oil, plasticizer, etc.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the glycerine substitute, and also used for the synthesis of drying oil.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is widely used in the production of polyester and polyurethane foam, also used in the manufacture of alkyd coatings, synthetic lubricants, plasticizer, surfactant, rosin ester and explosives.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is also used directly as textile auxiliary agent and PVC resin thermal stabilizer.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in alkyd resin application, it can improve the resin's firmness, color, weather resistance, chemical resistance, and sealing properties.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the raw material of synthetic resin, and also used for synthetic aviation lubricating oil, plasticizer, etc.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the glycerine substitute, and also used for the synthesis of drying oil.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is widely used in the production of polyester and polyurethane foam, also used in the manufacture of alkyd coatings, synthetic lubricants, plasticizer, surfactant, rosin ester and explosives.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is also used directly as textile auxiliary agent and PVC resin thermal stabilizer.
And used in alkyd resin application, Trimethylol propane (TMP) can improve the resin's firmness, color, weather resistance, chemical resistance, and sealing properties.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the raw material of synthetic resin, and also used for synthetic aviation lubricating oil, plasticizer, etc.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as the glycerine substitute, and also used for the synthesis of drying oil.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is widely used in the production of polyester and polyurethane foam, also used in the manufacture of alkyd coatings, synthetic lubricants, plasticizer, surfactant, rosin ester and explosives.

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is also used directly as textile auxiliary agent and PVC resin thermal stabilizer.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in alkyd resin application, it can improve the resin's firmness, color, weather resistance, chemical resistance, and sealing properties.

-Resins:
Trimethylol propane (TMP) can be used to synthesize alkyd resins, which are used in the paint and coatings industry as binders for coatings and films.
Trimethylol propane (TMP)-based alkyd resins are known for their good drying properties, good adhesion to a variety of substrates, and good chemical resistance.

-Polymers:
Trimethylol propane (TMP) can be used as a monomer to synthesize a variety of polymers, including polyurethanes, polyesters, and polycarbonates.
These polymers have a wide range of properties and applications, including use as adhesives, sealants, foams, and films.

-Surfactants:
TMP can be used as a surfactant to reduce the surface tension of liquids and improve their wetting and spreading properties. This makes it useful in a variety of applications, including detergents, cleaners, and personal care products.

-Plasticizers:
Trimethylol propane (TMP) can be used as a plasticizer to make polymers more flexible and easier to process.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is commonly used in the production of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and other polymers to improve their processing and performance properties.

-Other applications:
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is also used in the production of flavors and fragrances, as a solvent for resins and other organic compounds, and as a reagent in chemical synthesis.

-Adhesives and Sealants:
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in the production of adhesive resins such as (polyurethanes polyester polyol and polycarbonate diol).

-Coatings:
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as a precursor for the manufacture of resins including alkyds, saturated polyesters and polyurethanes (polyester polyol and polycarbonate diol).
Due to its structure, Trimethylol propane (TMP) imparts high UV and chemical resistance

-Industrial Applications:
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is a widely used organic chemical intermediate.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is mainly used as a raw material for polyurethane resin, alkyd resin, and high-grade coatings.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is also an essential intermediate for other resins and organics.
Its strong chemical structure enables Trimethylol propane (TMP) to help end products withstand extreme temperature changes and high mechanical stress, and has excellent UV and chemical resistance.

HOW IS of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP)PRODUCED?
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is typically produced by the condensation of formaldehyde and an alcohol, such as methanol or ethanol, in the presence of an acid catalyst.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) can also be synthesized from other starting materials, such as pentaerythritol or glycerol.

PRODUCTION of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is produced via a two step process, starting with the condensation of butanal with formaldehyde:
CH3CH2CH2CHO + 2 CH2O → CH3CH2C(CH2OH)2CHO
The second step entails a Cannizaro reaction:

CH3CH2C(CH2OH)2CHO + CH2O + NaOH → CH3CH2C(CH2OH)3 + NaO2CH
Approximately 200,000,000 kg are produced annually in this way.

TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP) MARKET SIZE:
It is difficult to estimate the size of the global Trimethylol propane (TMP) market as it is a widely used intermediate chemical that is used in a variety of applications and industries.
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used in the production of resins, polymers, surfactants, flavors and fragrances, and other chemicals, and it is likely that the market for TMP is influenced by the demand for these products.

The global market for resins, which includes alkyd resins made from Trimethylol propane (TMP), was valued at about $40 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 4% from 2021 to 2026.
The global market for polyurethanes, which can be made from Trimethylol propane (TMP), was valued at about $53 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of about 6% from 2021 to 2026.

The global market for surfactants, which includes Trimethylol propane (TMP)-based surfactants, was valued at about $45 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of about 3% from 2021 to 2026.
It is important to note that these figures represent the size of the markets for the end products made from Trimethylol propane (TMP), and do not directly reflect the size of the TMP market itself.
In addition, these figures are estimates and may vary depending on the source and the method of calculation.

PRODUCTION of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
Trimethylol propane (TMP) is produced via a 2 step reaction.
The first step is the condensation of Butanal and formaldehyde.
The second step is a reaction with formaldehyde at high pH.
When used for alkyds it gives more resistance to water and chemicals compared to glycerol.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
Chemical formula: C6H14O3
Molar mass: 134.17 g/mol
Appearance: White solid
Odor: Faint odor
Density: 1.084 g/mL
Melting point: 58 °C (136 °F; 331 K)
Boiling point: 289 °C (552 °F; 562 K)
Molecular Weight: 134.17 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 134.094294304 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 134.094294304 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 60.7Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 60.4
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid
Assay: ≥99%
Chroma : ≤20
Acid value (mgKOH/g): ≤0.2
Moisture: ≤0.2%
Molecular Formula: C6H14O3
CAS: 77-99-6
Appearance: White waxy flakes
Density (g/cm3): 1.176
Melting Point (℃): 59-61
Boiling Point (℃): 289-295
Flash Point (℃): 172
Viscosity (75℃)/mPa·s: 157
Refractive Index (70℃): 1.4716

FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
hygroscopic

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE (TMP):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

SYNONYMS:
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol
TMP, 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol
Trimethylolpropane
77-99-6
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
Ethriol
Trimethylol propane
1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPANE
Hexaglycerine
Etriol
Ettriol
TMP (alcohol)
1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
Ethyltrimethylolmethane
1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane
Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane
Propylidynetrimethanol
2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol
1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane
Methanol, (propanetriyl)tris-
Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanediol
NSC 3576
Propane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-
HSDB 5218
2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol
UNII-090GDF4HBD
EINECS 201-074-9
090GDF4HBD
BRN 1698309
DTXSID2026448
AI3-24124
NSC-3576
Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, 1,3-
DTXCID806448
101377-62-2
EC 201-074-9
4-01-00-02786 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Addolink TR
trimethylol-propane
9D2
RC Crosslinker TR
?Trimethylol propane
1,1-Trimethylolpropane
111-Trimethylolpropane
1,1,1-trimetilolpropano
Oprea1_508416
SCHEMBL15026
111-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane
1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
CHEMBL3185136
TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE [INCI]
NSC3576
CHEBI:183310
1 1 1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
1, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
Propane,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-
2 2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol
Butanol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-
2,2-bis (hidroximetil)-1-butanol
AMY25779
1,1,1-Tri (hidroximetil) propano
Tox21_200028
1,1,1-Tris (hidroximetil) propano
BBL012231
MFCD00004694
STL163569
Propane 1 1 1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-
AKOS005715709
CAS-77-99-6
NCGC00248497-01
NCGC00257582-01
1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, 97%
Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
VS-03244
2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-propan-1,3-diol
2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol
LS-120405
1,3-propanodiol, 2-etil-2-(hidroximetil)-
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1 3-propanediol
FT-0605956
T0480
2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dihydroxypropane
EN300-19329
1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPANE [HSDB]
Q161270
1,3-PROPANEDIOL, 2-ETHYL-2-HYDROXYMETHYL-
F0001-1980
Z104473550
1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, dist., >=98.0% (GC)
InChI=1/C6H14O3/c1-2-6(3-7,4-8)5-9/h7-9H,2-5H2,1H
1,1,1-trimethylolpropane
1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
propylidynetrimethanol
2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butan-1-ol
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-1
3-diol
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
trimethylolpropane
TMP
1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane
1,1,1-TRIMETHYLOLPROPAN
1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane
1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPAN
1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
1,3-PROPANEDIOL
2-ETHYL-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-
1,3-Propanediol
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)- (8CI, 9CI)
2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol
2,2-DIHYDROXYMETHYLBUTANOL-1
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
2-ETHYL-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPAN-1.3-DIOL
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanediol
Ethriol
ETHYLTRIMETHYLOLMETHAN
Ethyltrimethylolmethane
Ettriol
HEXAGLYCERIN
Propane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-
PROPYL-1,1,1-TRIS(METHANOL)
RC Crosslinker TR
TMP
TMP (alcohol)
TRIMETHYLOLPROPAN
TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE
TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPAN
Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol
propylidynetrimethanol
TMP
TRIMETHYLOLPROPAN
Trimethylolpropane

TMPTA; Trimethylolpropane triacrylate;1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane triacrylate; 2-Ethyl-2-(((1-oxoallyl)oxy)methyl)-1,3-propanediyl diacrylate; 2-Propenoic acid 2-ethyl-2-(((1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)methyl)-1,3-propanediyl ester; Other RN: 100465-65-4, 116335-81-0, 117079-82-0, 159251-16-8, 162193-38-6, 199685-35-3, 255831-11-9, 352031-28-8, 58998-51-9, 72269-91-1 cas no: 15625-89-5

Hexaglycerine; Hexaglycerol; TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE, N° CAS : 77-99-6, Nom INCI : TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE, Nom chimique : 2-Ethyl-2-Hydroxymethyl-1,3-Propanediol; 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane; propylidynetrimethanol; TMP, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 201-074-9, Ses fonctions (INCI) : Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau, Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. 1,1,1-TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE; 1,3-PROPANEDIOL, 2-ETHYL-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-; ,2-BIS (HYDROXYMETHYL)-1-BUTANOL; 2-ETHYL-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL) ; PROPANEDIOL; ETTRIOL; HEXAGLYCERINE; PROPANE, 1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)-; TRI(HYDROXYMETHYL)-1,1,1 PROPANE; TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE; Noms anglais :ETHRIOL; Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de résines, fabrication de vernis; 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane; 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane; Propylidynetrimethanol; CAS names: 1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-. IUPAC names: 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane (TMP); 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol; 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol; TMP; Trimethylol propane; TRIMETHYLOLPROPAN; TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE; Trimethylpropane; Trimethylpropane (CAS 77-99-6). Trade names: 1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane; 1,1,1-TRIMETHYLOLPROPAN; 1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPAN; 1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)- (8CI, 9CI); 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol; 2,2-DIHYDROXYMETHYLBUTANOL-1; 2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol; 2-ETHYL-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPAN-1.3-DIOL; 2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanediol; Ethriol; ETHYLTRIMETHYLOLMETHAN; Ethyltrimethylolmethane; Ettriol; HEXAGLYCERIN; Propane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-; PROPYL-1,1,1-TRIS(METHANOL); RC Crosslinker TR; TMP (alcohol);Trimethylolpropane (TMP); TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPAN; Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane; 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane 1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)- [ACD/Index Name] 1698309 [Beilstein] 201-074-9 [EINECS] 2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propandiol [German] 2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2-Éthyl-2-(hydroxyméthyl)-1,3-propanediol [French] 2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol 77-99-6 [RN] MFCD00004694 [MDL number] Q1X2&1Q1Q [WLN] Trimethylolpropane TY6470000 1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane 1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane; 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane; 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane; 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol; 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane 97% 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane, propoxylated 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane (tmp) 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane 98% 101377-62-2 [RN] 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl) 1,3-propanediol 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol, 98% 2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanediol 2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol 2-ethyl-2-methylol-propane-1,3-diol 4-01-00-02786 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein] 824-11-3 [RN] 9D2 Butan-1-ol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)- butane-1,1,1-triol Butanol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)- c6h14o3 EINECS 201-074-9 Ethriol ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol Ethyltrimethylolmethane Etriol Ettriol Hexaglycerine Hexaglycerol Methanol, (propanetriyl)tris- METHANOL, [(1,1-DIMETHYLPROPYL)DIOXY]- MFCD00152500 Oprea1_508416 Propane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)- Propylidynetrimethanol TMP Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane Trimethylol propane trimethylolpropane, ??? Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane

DESCRIPTION:
Trimethylolpropane (TMP ) is a chemical compound with the formula CH 3 CH 2 C(CH 2 OH) 3.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a triol in the form of a white solid with a weak odor.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a widely used precursor in polymer chemistry .

CAS No 77-99-6
EC No. 201-074-9
IUPAC Name 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol

SYNONYMS OF TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE (TMP):
1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, propylidynetrimethanol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butan-1-ol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-1, 3-diol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol, trimethylolpropane, TMP ,1,1,1-tri(hydroxymethyl)propane,,hexaglycerol,,etriol,,Propylidynetrimethanol,Trimethylolpropane,77-99-6,2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol,Trimethylol propane,2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol,Ethriol,1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPANE,Hexaglycerine,Etriol,Ettriol,TMP (alcohol),1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-,Ethyltrimethylolmethane,1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane,Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane,Propylidynetrimethanol,2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol,1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane,Methanol, (propanetriyl)tris-,Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane,2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanediol,NSC 3576,Propane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-,HSDB 5218,2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol,UNII-090GDF4HBD,EINECS 201-074-9,090GDF4HBD,BRN 1698309,101377-62-2,DTXSID2026448,AI3-24124,NSC-3576,Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, 1,3-,DTXCID806448,EC 201-074-9,4-01-00-02786 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),trimethylol-propane,9D2,?Trimethylol propane,1,1-Trimethylolpropane,Oprea1_508416,SCHEMBL15026,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane,CHEMBL3185136,NSC3576,CHEBI:183310,1, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-,Propane,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-,Butanol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-,AMY25779,Tox21_200028,BBL012231,MFCD00004694,STL163569,AKOS005715709,CAS-77-99-6,NCGC00248497-01,NCGC00257582-01,1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, 97%,Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol,VS-03244,2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-propan-1,3-diol,2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol,NS00005050,T0480,2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dihydroxypropane,EN300-19329,1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPANE [HSDB],Q161270,1,3-PROPANEDIOL, 2-ETHYL-2-HYDROXYMETHYL-,F0001-1980,Z104473550,1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, dist., >=98.0% (GC),InChI=1/C6H14O3/c1-2-6(3-7,4-8)5-9/h7-9H,2-5H2,1H
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is made through a two-step process beginning with the condensation of butanal CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CHOwith formaldehyde HCHO:
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH+ 2 HCHO → CH 3 CH 2 C(CH 2 OH) 2 CHO.

The second step involves a Cannizzaro reaction :
CH 3 CH 2 C(CH 2 OH) 2 CHO+ HCHO + NaOH → CH 3 CH 2 C(CH 2 OH) 3+ NaO 2 CH.
Around 200,000 tonnes of this compound are produced this way each year.
Trimethylolpropane is used primarily as a precursor to alkyd resins .

Acrylated esters –OCOCH =CH 2 and alkoxylated –OR trimethylolpropane are used as multifunctional monomers to produce various coatings and paints.

Trimethylolpropane (TMP), in the form of a clear crystalline flake, is an alcohol produced by the reaction of formaldehyde with n-butyraldehyde.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is an intermediate and a triol that can be used in glues and polyurethane coatings.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is also known as hexaglycerol.

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2C(CH2OH)3.
This colourless to white solid with a faint odor is a triol.
Containing three hydroxy functional groups, TMP is a widely used building block in the polymer industry.

PRODUCTION OF TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE (TMP)
TMP is produced via a two step process, starting with the condensation of butanal with formaldehyde:
CH3CH2CH2CHO + 2 CH2O → CH3CH2C(CH2OH)2CHO
The second step entails a Cannizaro reaction:
CH3CH2C(CH2OH)2CHO + CH2O + NaOH → CH3CH2C(CH2OH)3 + NaO2CH
Approximately 200,000,000 kg are produced annually in this way.[1]

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a colorless hygroscopic solid crystal that is soluble in water and alcohol.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is widely used as a building block in the polymer industry.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is also used as a conditioning agent, manufacture of varnishes, alkyd resins, synthetic drying oils, urethane foams and coatings, silicone lubricant oils, lactone plasticizers, textile finishes, surfactants, and epoxy products.

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a trifunctional polyol supplied in solid form.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is soluble in water, low carbon alcohol, glycerol, N,N-dimethylformamide, partially soluble in acetone and ethyl acetate, slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride, ether and chloroform, and insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) has strong hygroscopicity.

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is mainly used in the production of alkyd resin, polyurethane, unsaturated resin, polyester resin, coatings, and the synthesis of aviation lubricant, printing ink, etc.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) can also be used as a heat stabilizer for textile additives and polyvinyl chloride resin.

APPLICATIONS OF TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE (TMP):
TMP is mainly consumed as a precursor to alkyd resins.
Otherwise, acrylated and alkoxylated TMP's are used as multifunctional monomers to produce various coatings, Ethoxylated and propoxylated TMP, derived condensation of from TMP and the epoxides, are used for production of flexible polyurethanes.

Allyl ether derivatives of TMP, with the formula CH3CH2C(CH2OCH2CH=CH2)3-x(CH2OH)x are precursors to high-gloss coatings and ion exchange resins.
The oxetane "TMPO" is a photoinduceable polymerisation initiator.[1]
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is may also be reacted with epichlorohydrin to produce the triglycidyl ether.[2]

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) has three hydroxyl groups.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a white material in flakes.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is used in saturated polyesters for coil coatings, alkyds for paints, polyurethanes for coatings and elastomers, acrylic acid esters for radiation curing, esters for synthetic lubricants, rosin esters and for surface treatment of pigments.

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a trifunctional alcohol supplied in solid form

Adhesives and Sealants:
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is used in the production of adhesive resins such as (polyurethanes polyester polyol and polycarbonate diol).
Coatings:
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is used as a precursor for the manufacture of resins including alkyds, saturated polyesters and polyurethanes (polyester polyol and polycarbonate diol).
Due to its structure, it TMP imparts high UV and chemical resistance

Industrial Applications:
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a widely used organic chemical intermediate.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is mainly used as a raw material for polyurethane resin, alkyd resin, and high-grade coatings.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is also an essential intermediate for other resins and organics.

Its strong chemical structure enables it to help end products withstand extreme temperature changes and high mechanical stress, and has excellent UV and chemical resistance.
TMP can improve the film’s hardness, gloss, and durability when used to manufacture polyurethane and alkyd coatings.

TMP is biodegradable, non-toxic, and has been approved for use in various food contact applications.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is Used as the curing agent for polyurethane coatings/adhesives.
Synthesis of branched polyester polyol for polyurethane coatings/synthetic leather/elastomer.

Synthesis of polyether polyol as the initiator.
Production of polyurethane plastics.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is Used as the crosslinking agent of polyurethane elastomer, microcellular polyurethane plastics

Trimethylol propane (TMP) is used as raw material of synthetic resin, and also used for synthetic aviation lubricating oil, plasticizer, etc.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is Used as a substitute for glycerin, and also used for drying oil synthesis.

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is Widely used in the production of polyester and polyurethane foam, also used in the manufacture of alkyd coatings, synthetic lubricants, plasticizer, surfactant, rosin ester and explosives. Also used directly as a textile auxiliary agent and PVC resin heat stabilizer.

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is used in alkyd resin application, TMP can improve resin firmness, color, weather resistance, chemical resistance and sealing properties.
Have the advantages of improving the firmness, corrosion resistance and sealing performance of the resin, and have good stability to hydrolysis, pyrolysis and oxidation.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE (TMP):
Formula C 6 H 14 O 3 [Isomers]
Molar mass 1 134.173 6 ± 0.006 7 g / mol
C 53.71%, H 10.52%, O 35.77%,
Physical properties
Melting temperature 60 °C 2
Boiling temperature 295 °C 2
Volumic mass 1.084 g cm -3 2 at 20 ° C
Autoignition temperature 375 °C 2
Flash point 179 °C 2
CAS Number
77-99-6 check
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
ChemSpider
6264 check
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.978 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
201-074-9
MeSH C018163
PubChem CID
6510
UNII
090GDF4HBD check
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
DTXSID2026448 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
SMILES
Properties
Chemical formula C6H14O3
Molar mass 134.17 g/mol
Appearance White solid
Odor Faint odor
Density 1.084 g/mL
Melting point 58 °C (136 °F; 331 K)
Boiling point 289 °C (552 °F; 562 K)
Molecular Weight
134.17 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
XLogP3-AA
-0.8
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
3
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
3
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
4
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
134.094294304 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
134.094294304 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
60.7Å²
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
9
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
60.4
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Molecular Formula
C6H14O3
CAS
77-99-6
Appearance
White waxy flakes
Density (g/cm3)
1.176
Melting Point (℃)
59-61
Boiling Point (℃)
289-295
Flash Point (℃)
172
Viscosity (75℃)/mPa•s
157
Refractive Index (70℃)
1.4716
Appearance
Solid white flakes
Trimethylolpropane, w/% ≥
99.0
Hydroxyl, w/% ≥
37.5
Humidity, w/% ≤
0.05
Acid value (to be calculated in HCOOH), w/% ≤
0.002
Chrominance Unit / Hazen (Pt-Co color number) ≤
20
Crystallization point, / ℃ ≥
59.0

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE (TMP)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE TRIISOSTEARATE N° CAS : 68541-50-4 Nom INCI : TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE TRIISOSTEARATE Nom chimique : 2-Ethyl-2-[[(1-oxoisooctadecyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl bis(isooctadecanoate) N° EINECS/ELINCS : 271-347-5 Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Decanoic acid, mixed esters with octanoic acid and 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethly)-1,3-propanediol;Trimethylolpropane tricaprylate/tricaprate;(C6-12) Alkyl carboxylic acid,trimethylolpropane triester CAS NO:11138-60-6

cas no : 9005-70-3, Emsorb 6903; Glycosperse TO-20; Liposorb TO-20; polyethyleneglycol sorbitan trioleate; Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan trioleate; Polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate; Polysorbate 85; Protasorb TO-20; Sorbimacrogol trioleate 300; Sorbitan, tri-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate, poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivs.; Sorbitan, tri-9-octadecenoate, poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivs.; Sorbitan, trioleate polyoxyethylene deriv.; Tween 85; Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

DESCRIPTION:
Trioctylamine is a clear and colorless chemical compound in the group of aliphatic amines and tertiary amines.
Trioctylamine can easily soluble in chloroform.
Trioctylamine has a form of low melting crystalline mass, and Trioctylamine has the color of white to off-white.

CAS Number: 1116-76-3
EC Number: 214-242-1
IUPAC name: N,N-Di(octyl)octan-1-amine
Molecular Formula: C24H51N

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIOCTYLAMINE:
Chemical formula: C24H51N
Molar mass: 353.679 g•mol−1
Density: 0.81 g/cm3[1]
Melting point: −34.6 °C (−30.3 °F; 238.6 K)
Solubility in water: 0.050 mg/l
Viscosity: 7.862 mPa.s
Molecular Weight: 353.7
XLogP3-AA: 10.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 21
Exact Mass: 353.402150631
Monoisotopic Mass: 353.402150631
Topological Polar Surface Area: 3.2 Å² C
Heavy Atom Count: 25
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 188
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Density: 0.81 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 168 °C
Ignition temperature: 315 °C
Melting Point: -39 °C
Vapor pressure: Solubility: Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): Pale yellow
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Assay (T): min. 95%
Density (g/ml) @ 20°C: 0.809-0.810
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.448-1.450
Water (KF): max. 0.1%
Melting point: 34 °C
Boiling point: 164-168 °C/0.7 mmHg (lit.) 365-367 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.809 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: refractive index :n20/D 1.449(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: chloroform: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
form: Low Melting Crystalline Mass
pka: 10.08±0.50(Predicted)
Specific Gravity: 0.811 (20/4℃)
Color: White to off-white
Water Solubility: Miscible with chloroform. Immiscible with water.
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Trioctylamine is a clear colorless method and can be converted to the amine hydrochloride etherate which is recrystallized four times from diethyl ether at -30 °C.
Neutralization of this salt regenerates the free amine which distilled under high vacuum.
Trioctylamine has melting point of −34 °C; boiling point of 164-168 °C at 0.7 mmHg and 365-367 °C at 1 atm; density of 0.810 g/mL at 20 °C; refractive index of n20/D 1.449; flash point of >230 °F; storage temperature is below 30 °C.

Trioctylamine is miscible with chloroform but immiscible with water.
Trioctylamine is air sensitive.
There is a safety hazard for this chemical compound.

Trioctylamine can cause skin irritation, serious eye irritation, and respiratory irritation.
Trioctylamine can damage fertility or the unborn child and cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.
Trioctylamine is very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

PRODUCTION METHOD OF TRIOCTYLAMINE:
Ammoniation is carried out in the presence of aluminum trichloride catalyst using n-octanol as raw material.
The reaction is carried out in a condensation kettle, ammonia is introduced into the kettle, and the reaction is carried out at 400 ℃.
Then remove the excess n-octanol and filter out the catalyst to obtain the finished trioctylamine.
Raw material consumption (kg/t) n-octanol 1217 trialumina 685.

APPLICATION OF TRIOCTYLAMINE:
Trioctylamine is used to extract organic acids such as succinic acid and acetic acid, and also precious metals.
A formulation containing metoxuron mixed with an emulsion containing trioctylamine 50%, atlox 4851 B 15%, and isopropanol 35% was active as a potato defoliant.
Trioctylamine can be used to extract monocarboxylic acid for equilibria and correlation of apparent reactive equilibrium constant.

Liquid-liquid equilibria for aqueous solutions of carboxylic acids with trioctylamine in various diluents was determined at various trioctylamine concentrations.
The loading of trioctylamine for a given carboxylic acid depends on the nature of the solute and its concentration.
The apparent extraction equilibrium constants depend on the hydrophobicity and acidity of the carboxylic acid, as well as the specific basicity of trioctylamine.
Trioctylamine production can be used as a mineral extraction reagent, an extractant for reactor fuel processing, and its use as an extractant for identification of dyes may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

USES OF TRIOCTYLAMINE:
Trioctylamine is used as a precious metal extractant.
In the metallurgical industry, Trioctylamine is used to extract and separate cobalt, nickel, actinides and lanthanides.
Trioctylamine is used in organic synthesis.

Trioctylamine is a heat-resistant, solvent-resistant, polymeric rubber antioxidant.
Trioctylamine is the intermediate amine extractant for synthesizing NAPM.
Trioctylamine has good extraction performance for actinides such as thorium and uranium.

Moreover, Trioctylamine can extract and separate non-ferrous metals, rare and scattered metals and platinum elements in different systems.
Trioctylamine is used in the production of phase transfer catalysts, rubber additives and corrosion inhibitors.

Trioctylamine is used as surfactant and extractant.
Tri-n-octylamine is used as an extractant for organic acids and precious metals.
Tri-n-octylamine is used as an extractant for organic acids like trichloroacetic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid and precious metals.
Trioctylamine is also used as a solvent and an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.

Further, Trioctylamine is employed in the preparation of quaternary ammonium compounds, agrochemicals, surfactants, lubricant additives, corrosion inhibitors, vulcanization accelerators and dyes.
Trioctylamine is used as an extractant for organic acids (such as TCA, succinic acid, and acetic acid), and precious metals.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIETHYLAMINE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

SYNONYMS OF TRIOCTYLAMINE:
MeSH Entry Terms:
tri-N-octylamine
trioctylamine
Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
Trioctylamine
1116-76-3
TRI-N-OCTYLAMINE
Tricaprylamine
Tricaprylylamine
1-Octanamine, N,N-dioctyl-
Tri-n-caprylylamine
Farmin 08
Alamine 336
Alamine 336S
N,N-dioctyloctan-1-amine
Alamine 3365
Alamine 308
336S
NSC 11034
TOA
NSC-11034
I40965UY86
HSDB 5786
EINECS 214-242-1
BRN 1210618
trioctyl amine
AI3-17998
UNII-I40965UY86
Trioctylamine, 98%
1-Octanamine,N-dioctyl-
SCHEMBL36609
TRICAPRYLAMINE [HSDB]
N,N-Dioctyl-1-octanamine #
CHEMBL3222022
DTXSID3047635
WLN: 8N8&8
AMY21907
NSC11034
ZINC6920427
MFCD00009560
AKOS015915431
CS-W011849
SB83655
Trioctylamine, purum, >=98.0% (GC)
BS-14388
Trioctylamine, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
FT-0600026
FT-0655520
I0362
T0502
EN300-74244
D70441
A802393
W-108670
Q27280370
Z1167043198

TRIOLÉATE DE SORBITAN, cas no : 26266-58-0; Span 85 (=Sorbitan Trioleate); Span 85; Span 85V, Anhydro-D-glucitol trioleate; Nom INCI : SORBITAN TRIOLEATE; Nom chimique : Anhydro-D-glucitol trioleate; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 247-569-3; Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile)

TRIOLEYL CITRATE, N° CAS : 175831-77-3, Nom INCI : TRIOLEYL CITRATE, Nom chimique : 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, tri-9-octadecenyl ester (all-Z)-, Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent plastifiant : Adoucit et rend souple une autre substance qui autrement ne pourrait pas être facilement déformée, dispersée ou être travaillée, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Triolein is a symmetrical triglyceride derived from glycerol and three units of the unsaturated fatty acid oleic acid.
Triolein, known widely as Glyceryl trioleate, is an oily liquid that is a main constituent of some nondrying oils and fats.
Triolein is also known as glyceryl trioleate and is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.

CAS Number: 122-32-7
EC Number: 204-534-7
Chemical formula: C57H104O6
Molecular Weight: 885.43

(9Z)9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, 1,2,3-Tri(cis-9-octadecenoyl)glycerol, Glycerol trioleate, Glycerol triolein, Oleic acid triglyceride, Oleic triglyceride, TG(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)), Triolein, GLYCERYL TRIOLEATE, Glycerol trioleate, 122-32-7, Oleic triglyceride, Olein, Trioleoylglycerol, Glycerol triolein, Oleic acid triglyceride, Trioleoylglyceride, Glycerin trioleate, Oleyl triglyceride, Raoline, Glyceryl-1,2,3-trioleate, Aldo TO, Emery 2423, Olein, tri-, Emery oleic acid ester 2230, Glycerol, tri(cis-9-octadecenoate), 1,2,3-Propanetriyl trioleate, HSDB 5594, Triglyceride OOO, Edenor NHTi-G, Kaolube 190, sn-Glyceryl trioleate, 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol, Actor LO 1, Kemester 1000, UNII-O05EC62663, Emerest 2423, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, Estol 1433, Radia 7363, 1,2,3-Tri(cis-9-octadecenoyl)glycerol, 1,2,3-tri-oleoyl-glycerol, 1,2,3-Propanetriol tri(9-octandecenoate), CHEBI:53753, TG(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)), 2,3-bis[[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate, 9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, MFCD00137563, O05EC62663, propane-1,2,3-triyl (9Z,9'Z,9''Z)tris-octadec-9-enoate, glycerine trioleate, 1,3-bis[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]propan-2-yl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate, TG 54:3, (9Z)9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, EINECS 204-534-7, CCRIS 8687, tri-Olein, 9-Octadecenoic-9,10-t2 acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- (9CI), C57H104O6, triolein C18:1, Triolein, tech grade, GLYCERYLTRIOLEATE, tri(cis-9-octadecenoate), Epitope ID:117714, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, EC 204-534-7, Glyceryl trioleate, ~65% SCHEMBL23730, Glyceryl trioleate, >=99%, 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 1,1',1''-(1,2,3-propanetriyl) ester, CHEMBL4297656, DTXSID3026988, HY-N1981, Triolein, [9,10-3H(N)]-, LMGL03010250, s3590, ZINC85545180, AKOS024437536, DB13038, Glyceryl trioleate, >=97.0% (TLC), 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycerol, CS-0018302, G0089, V0255, Glyceryl trioleate, technical, >=60% (GC), (Z)-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester 9-Octadecenoate, (9Z)-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester 9-Octadecenoate, Glyceryl trioleate, analytical reference material, Q413929, (9Z)-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester 9-Octadecenoic acid, (Z)-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester 9-Octadecenoic acid, (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, J-004788, propane-1,2,3-triyl tris[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoate], AC7B54B8-0E34-455F-A1E0-442F3ECD69EA, Triolein, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, TG(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))[iso], UNII-2GQR19D8A4 component PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N, UNII-4PC054V79P component PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N, (9Z)-1,1',1''-(1,2,3-propanetriyl) ester 9-Octadecenoate, (9Z)-1,1',1''-(1,2,3-propanetriyl) ester 9-Octadecenoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (9Z,9'Z,9''Z)-, Triolein (18:1 TG), 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol, neat oil, (9Z)9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (9Z,9'Z,9''Z)Tris(-9-octadécénoate) de 1,2,3-propanetriyle, 1,2,3-Propanetriyl (9Z,9'Z,9''Z)tris(-9-octadecenoate), 1,2,3-Propantriyl-(9Z,9'Z,9''Z)tris(-9-octadecenoat), 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycerol, 1,2,3-Tri(cis-9-octadecenoyl)glycerol, 1,2,3-Trioleoyl Glycerol, 122-32-7, 204-534-7, 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (9Z,9'Z,9''Z)-, Glycerin trioleate, Glycerine trioleate, Glycerol trioleate, Glycerol triolein, Glycerol, tri(cis-9-octadecenoate), glyceryl trioleate, Glyceryl-1,2,3-trioleate, MFCD00137563, Oleic acid triglyceride, Oleic triglyceride, Olein, tri-, Propane-1,2,3-triyl (9Z,9'Z,9''Z)tris-octadec-9-enoate, Triolein, (9Z)-1,1',1''-(1,2,3-propanetriyl) ester 9-Octadecenoate, (9Z)-1,1',1''-(1,2,3-propanetriyl) ester 9-Octadecenoic acid, (9Z)-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester 9-Octadecenoate, (9Z)-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester 9-Octadecenoic acid, (9Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (Z)-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester 9-Octadecenoate, (Z)-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester 9-Octadecenoic acid, (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, 1,2,3-Propanetriol tri(9-octandecenoate), 1,2,3-Propanetriyl trioleate, 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol, 1,2,3-Trioleoyl-rac-glycerol, 1,3-bis[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]propan-2-yl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate, 124330-00-3, 1257300-52-9, 1-oleoyl-2-oleoyl-3-oleoyl-glycerol, 2,3-bis[[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate, 24016-60-2, 247-038-6, 25496-72-4, 41755-78-6, 9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, Aldo TO, Edenor NHTi-G, GLYCERYL OLEATE, Kaolube 190, olein, Oleyl triglyceride, propane-1,2,3-triyl trioleate, propane-1,2,3-triyl tris[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoate], Raoline, sn-Glyceryl trioleate, TAG(18:1,18:1,18:1), TAG(54:3), TG(54:3), Tracylglycerol(54:3), Triglyceride, trioctadecenoin, Tri-Olein, Triolein (18:1 TG), Triolein, [9,10-3H(N)]-, trioleína, Trioleoylglyceride, Trioleoylglycerol

Triolein is derived from glycerol.
Triolein is composed of three oleic acid units and is an unsaturated triglyceride.

Triolein, known widely as Glyceryl trioleate, is an oily liquid that is a main constituent of some nondrying oils and fats.
Triolein occurs in many natural fats and oils, including sunflower oil, palm oil, cacao butter, and, most notably, olive oil.

In 1941, Thomas P. Hilditch and L. Maddison at the University of Liverpool (UK) crystallized olive oils from Italy and Palestine at temperatures down to –30 °C to resolve them into several components.
They found that olive oil from Palestine contained ≈30% triolein, whereas the Italian oil contained only ≈5%.

Eight years later, M. L. Meara, also at Liverpool, resolved cacao butter into 11 fractions “by exhaustive crystallization”.
For his efforts, only 1.1% of the fat turned out to be Triolein.
From 1940 to 1961, several chemists devised syntheses of triolein by esterifying glycerol and oleic acid.

Sacramental uses of olive oil are strongly connected to Christian and Jewish traditions, especially Hanukkah.

During the period of the Hanukkah story (168 BCE), only pure olive oil blessed by the high priest could be used to light the Temple menorah, which had to be lit continuously.
After their victorious battle over the Syrian Greeks, the Maccabees could find only enough holy oil to last for one day.
The Hanukkah miracle is that the oil lasted eight days, enough time for more oil to be prepared and sanctified.

Olive oil was the major component of anointing oils and lamp fuel that date to biblical times.
Kings were anointed with oil as a mark of their official status; and one title for Jesus is the Anointed One.
References are found throughout the Hebrew and Christian scriptures about the use of oil as part of fasting and healing rituals.

Triolein is a symmetrical triglyceride derived from glycerol and three units of the unsaturated fatty acid oleic acid.
Most triglycerides are unsymmetrical, being derived from mixtures of fatty acids.
Triolein represents 4–30% of olive oil.

Triolein is also known as glyceryl trioleate and is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.

The oxidation of triolein is according to the formula:
C57H104O6 + 80 O2 → 57 CO2 + 52 H2O

This gives a respiratory quotient of 57/80 or 0.7125.
The heat of combustion is 8,389 kcal (35,100 kJ) per mole or 9.474 kcal (39.64 kJ) per gram.
Per mole of oxygen Triolein is 104.9 kcal (439 kJ).

Triolein is derived from glycerol.
Triolein is composed of three oleic acid units and is an unsaturated triglyceride.

Triolein (glycerol trielaidate, or trielaidin) is a triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with elaidic acid.

Triolein or Glyceryl trioleate is a triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid.
Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.

Triolein has a role as a plant metabolite.
Triolein derives from an oleic acid.
Triolein can be found as a clear colorless liquid.

Constituent of olive oil and other vegetable oils TG(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)) or Triolein is a monoacid triglyceride.
Triglycerides (TGs) are also known as triacylglycerols or triacylglycerides.

TGs are fatty acid triesters of glycerol and may be divided into three general types with respect to their acyl substituents.
They are simple or monoacid if they contain only one type of fatty acid, diacid if they contain two types of fatty acids and triacid if three different acyl groups.

Chain lengths of the fatty acids in naturally occurring triglycerides can be of varying lengths and saturations but 16, 18 and 20 carbons are the most common.
TGs are the main constituent of vegetable oil and animal fats.

TGs are major components of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and chylomicrons, play an important role in metabolism as energy sources and transporters of dietary fat.
They contain more than twice the energy (9 kcal/g) of carbohydrates and proteins.

In the intestine, triglycerides are split into glycerol and fatty acids (this process is called lipolysis) (with the help of lipases and bile secretions), which can then move into blood vessels.
The triglycerides are rebuilt in the blood from their fragments and become constituents of lipoproteins, which deliver the fatty acids to and from fat cells among other functions.

Various tissues can release the free fatty acids and take them up as a source of energy.
Fat cells can synthesize and store triglycerides.

When the body requires fatty acids as an energy source, the hormone glucagon signals the breakdown of the triglycerides by hormone-sensitive lipase to release free fatty acids.
As the brain cannot utilize fatty acids as an energy source, the glycerol component of triglycerides can be converted into glucose for brain fuel when Triolein is broken down.

TAGs can serve as fatty acid stores in all cells, but primarily in adipocytes of adipose tissue.
The major building block for the synthesis of triacylglycerides, in non-adipose tissue, is glycerol.

Adipocytes lack glycerol kinase and so must use another route to TAG synthesis.
Specifically, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), which is produced during glycolysis, is the precursor for TAG synthesis in adipose tissue. DHAP can also serve as a TAG precursor in non-adipose tissues, but does so to a much lesser extent than glycerol.

The use of DHAP for the TAG backbone depends on whether the synthesis of the TAGs occurs in the mitochondria and ER or the ER and the peroxisomes.
The ER/mitochondria pathway requires the action of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to convert DHAP to glycerol-3-phosphate. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase then esterifies a fatty acid to glycerol-3-phosphate thereby generating lysophosphatidic acid.

The ER/peroxisome reaction pathway uses the peroxisomal enzyme DHAP acyltransferase to acylate DHAP to acyl-DHAP which is then reduced by acyl-DHAP reductase.
The fatty acids that are incorporated into TAGs are activated to acyl-CoAs through the action of acyl-CoA synthetases.

Two molecules of acyl-CoA are esterified to glycerol-3-phosphate to yield 1,2-diacylglycerol phosphate (also known as phosphatidic acid). The phosphate is then removed by phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP1), to generate 1,2-diacylglycerol.
This diacylglycerol serves as the substrate for addition of the third fatty acid to make TAG.

Intestinal monoacylglycerols, derived from dietary fats, can also serve as substrates for the synthesis of 1,2-diacylglycerols.
Triolein is a triglyceride and unsaturated fat formed from oleic acid.
Triolein is found in fats and oils, almond, and peach.

Applications of Triolein:

Triolein has been used:
Triolein used as an experimental diet along with fat-free basal mix and corn oil and then to access the dietary fat absorption among mice

Triolein used as an interfering substance to test Triolein effect on human serum in the approach to develop rapid enzyme immunoassay for the detection of retinol-binding protein
Triolein used as a standard in the determination of triglyceride concentration, colorimetrically using liver tissue sample from cows

Uses of Triolein:
A major component of oils and fats, e.g., olive oil.
Triolein used as lubricant (e.g. for cosmetics, drugs, and textiles), emulsifier (e.g. for water/oil mixtures), intermediate for radioactive iodine derivatives, and plasticizer.
Triolein used in sweet almond oil for medicines and cosmetics.

Industry Uses:
Intermediates
Lubricants and lubricant additives

Consumer Uses:
Lubricants and greases
Non-TSCA use

Therapeutic Uses:
The aim of this study was to identify asymptomatic boys with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy who have a normal magnetic resonance image (MRI), and to assess the effect of 4:1 Triolein-glyceryl trierucate (Lorenzo's oil) on disease progression.
Eighty-nine boys (mean +/- SD baseline age, 4.7 +/- 4.1 years; range, 0.2-15 years) were identified by a plasma very long-chain fatty acids assay used to screen at-risk boys.

All were treated with Lorenzo's oil and moderate fat restriction.
Plasma fatty acids and clinical status were followed for 6.9 +/- 2.7 years.

Changes in plasma hexacosanoic acid levels were assessed by measuring the length-adjusted area under the curve, and a proportional hazards model was used to evaluate association with the development of abnormal MRI results and neurological abnormalities.
Of the 89 boys, 24% developed MRI abnormalities and 11% developed both neurological and MRI abnormalities.

Abnormalities occurred only in the 64 patients who were aged 7 years or younger at the time therapy was started.
There was significant association between the development of MRI abnormalities and a plasma hexacosanoic acid increase.

(For a 0.1-ug/mL increase in the length-adjusted area under the curve for the hexacosanoic acid level, the hazard ratio for incident MRI abnormalities in the whole group was 1.36; P = .01; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.72.)
Results for patients aged 7 years or younger were similar (P = .04).

In this single-arm study, hexacosanoic acid reduction by Lorenzo's oil was associated with reduced risk of developing MRI abnormalities.
We recommend Lorenzo's oil therapy in asymptomatic boys with X-linked adrenoleukodystophy who have normal brain MRI results.

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is an inherited disorder of peroxisomal metabolism, biochemically characterized by deficient beta-oxidation of saturated very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA).
The consequent accumulation of these fatty acids in different tissues and in biological fluids is associated with a progressive central and peripheral demyelination, as well as with adrenocortical insufficiency and hypogonadism.

Seven variants of this disease have been described, cerebral childhood being the most frequent.
The recommended therapy consists of the use of the glyceroltrioleate/glyceroltrierucate mixture known as Lorenzo's Oil (LO), combined with a VLCFA-poor diet, but only in asymptomatic patients will this treatment prevent the progression of the symptomatology.

In the present study we evaluated the biochemical course of patients with cerebral childhood (CCER) and asymptomatic clinical forms of X-ALD treated with LO associated with a VLCFA-restricted diet.
We observed that hexacosanoic acid plasma concentrations and hexacosanoic/docosanoic ratio were significantly reduced in CCER patients during treatment when compared with diagnosis.

Hexacosanoic acid plasma level was significantly reduced when compared with that at diagnosis and achieved the normal levels only in asymptomatic patients under LO treatment.
In asymptomatic patients the magnitude of hexacosanoic acid decrease was higher than that of the CCER patients.

These results show the good biochemical response of LO treatment in asymptomatic X-ALD patients.
Triolein is possible to suppose that this could be correlated with the prevention of the appearance of neurological signals in this group of patients treated with LO.

Investigated the possible therapeutic effect of decreasing plasma levels of very-long-chain fatty acids (C26:0) with a synthetic oil containing trioleate and trielucate (Lorenzo's oil) as well as increasing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in red blood cells (RBC) with DHA ethyl ester in four patients with Zellweger syndrome.
Investigated serial changes of plasma C26:0 levels and DHA levels in RBC membranes by gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). After death, the fatty acid composition of each patient's cerebrum and liver was studied.

Dietary administration of Lorenzo's oil diminished plasma C26:0 levels.
Earlier administration of Lorenzo's oil was more effective and the response did not depend on the duration of administration.

DHA was incorporated into RBC membrane lipids when administrated orally, and Triolein level increased for several months.
The final DHA level was correlated with the duration of administration and was not related to the timing of initiation of treatment.

DHA levels in the brains and livers of treated patients were higher than in untreated patients.
Early initiation of Lorenzo's oil and the long-term administration of DHA may be useful for patients with Zellweger syndrome.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Triolein:

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion:
In the small intestine, most triglycerides are split into monoglycerides, free fatty acids, and glycerol, which are absorbed by the intestinal mucosa.
Within the epithelial cells, resynthesized triglycerides collect into globules along with cholesterol and phospholipids and are encased in a protein coat as chylomicrons.

Chylomicrons are transported in the lymph to the thoracic duct and eventually to the venous system.
The chylomicrons are removed from the blood as they pass through the capillaries of adipose tissue.
Fat is stored in adipose cells until Triolein is transported to other tissues as free fatty acids which are used for cellular energy or incorporated into cell membranes.

When (14)C-labeled long-chain triglycerides are administered intravenously, 25% to 30% of the radiolabel is found in the liver within 30 to 60 minutes, with less than 5% remaining after 24 hours.
Lesser amounts of radiolabel are found in the spleen and lungs.

After 24 hours, nearly 50% of the radiolabel has been expired in carbon dioxide, with 1% of the carbon label remaining in the brown fat.
The concentration of radioactivity in the epididymal fat is less than half that of the brown fat.

Human Metabolite Information of Triolein:

Cellular Locations:
Extracellular
Membrane

Manufacturing Methods of Triolein:
Preparation by esterification of oleic acid.

Triolein is the predominating constituent in expressed almond oil, in lard oil, & in many of the more fluid animal oils & those of vegetable origin.
Triolein is separated & purified by cold expression, the other constituents being retained by their lack of fluidity at low temp.

The triglyceride of oleic acid, occurring in most fats and oils.
Triolein constitutes 70-80% of olive oil

Reaction of refined oil, eg, olive oil, with glycerol followed by fractional distillation; reaction of oleic acid with glycerol; separation & purification from fats & oils as liquid phase by cold expression.

General Manufacturing Information of Triolein:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
Transportation equipment manufacturing

Stable water-in-oil emulsions (with a high water content) for cosmetics are prepared by dissolving the neutral oil & 5-50% lecithin emulsifier at less than or equal to 70 °C, cooling to 0-12 °C, & adding water to a concentration of 50-83%.
The neutral oil can be a glycerol, such as Triolein, or propylene glycol ester of a carbon 8-12 fatty acid or isopropyl myristate.

Ecological Information of Triolein:

Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary of Triolein:
Triolein's production and use as textile lubricant and plasticizer may result in Triolein release to the environment through various waste streams.
Triolein is found in cacao butter and accounts for 70-80% of olive oil.

If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure range of 5X10-5 mm Hg to 1.1X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates triolein may exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere.
Vapor-phase triolein will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.7 hours.

Vapor-phase triolein will also be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 0.7 hours.
Particulate-phase triolein will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition.

If released to soil, triolein is expected to have no mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1X10+10.
Volatilization from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole; however, soil adsorption will attenuate the importance of volatilization.

14C-Labeled triolein biodegraded to CO2 at a rate of 63.5% to 84% over 140 days in a sewage sludge-amended soil, suggesting that biodegradation may occur in the soil environment.
If released into water, triolein is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc.

Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant.
Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 11 hours and 13 days, respectively.

However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column.
The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 5.1X10+5 years if adsorption is considered.

An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.
An estimated base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.15 L/mole-sec corresponds to half-lives of 1.5 years and 55 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively.

In respirometry tests, triolein had a biodegradation rate constant of 0.0025 per hour which corresponds to a half-life of 11.6 days; bioavailability was restricted due to the presence of double bonds and an autoxidation process occurring in the allylic chains resulting in the production of hydroperoxides, but the non-oxidized fractions were readily mineralized.
Occupational exposure to triolein may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where triolein is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to triolein via ingestion of food products containing triolein as well as via dermal contact with consumer products containing triolein.

Stability and Reactivity of Triolein:

Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities of Triolein:
Triolein (major skin lipid) was irradiated with 300-nm ultraviolet (UV) light, and the conditions for exposure approximated those at the skin surface exposed to sunlight.
Using gas chromatography, the irradiated samples were analyzed for the presence of acrolein, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde.

The maximum amount of acrolein (1.05 nmol/mg Triolein) was formed after 6 hours of irradiation.
Maximum amounts of formaldehyde (6 nmol/mg Triolein) and acetaldehyde (2.71 nmol/mg Triolein) were formed after 12 hours of irradiation.

Disposal Methods of Triolein:
The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of the material for Triolein approved use or return Triolein to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Antidote and Emergency Treatment of Triolein:

Immediate first aid:
Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out.
If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained.

Perform CPR if necessary.
Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water.

Do not induce vomiting.
If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration.

Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature.
Obtain medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed).
Suction if necessary.
Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed.

Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min.
Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary.

Monitor for shock and treat if necessary.
Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary.

For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water.
Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport.

Do not use emetics.
For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool.
Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination.

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress.
Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema.

Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm.
Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary.

Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present.
For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously.

Watch for signs of fluid overload.
Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam.
Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation.

Identifiers of Triolein:
CAS Number: 122-32-7
ChEBI: CHEBI:53753
ChemSpider: 4593733
ECHA InfoCard: 100.004.123
MeSH: Triolein
PubChem CID: 5497163
UNII: O05EC62663
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID3026988
InChI:
InChI=1S/C57H104O6/c1-4-7-10-13-16-19-22-25-28-31-34-37-40-43-46-49-55(58)61-52-54(63-57(60)51-48-45-42-39-36-33-30-27-24-21-18-15-12-9-6-3)53-62-56(59)50-47-44-41-38-35-32-29-26-23-20-17-14-11-8-5-2/h25-30,54H,4-24,31-53H2,1-3H3/b28-25-,29-26-,30-27- check
Key: PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N check
InChI=1/C57H104O6/c1-4-7-10-13-16-19-22-25-28-31-34-37-40-43-46-49-55(58)61-52-54(63-57(60)51-48-45-42-39-36-33-30-27-24-21-18-15-12-9-6-3)53-62-56(59)50-47-44-41-38-35-32-29-26-23-20-17-14-11-8-5-2/h25-30,54H,4-24,31-53H2,1-3H3/b28-25-,29-26-,30-27-
Key: PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJBN
SMILES: O=C(OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC

Properties of Triolein:
Biological source: plant (sunflower)
Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99%
Form: oil
bp: 235-240 °C/18 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.91 g/mL (lit.)
Functional group: ester
Shipped in: ambient
Storage temp.: −20°C
SMILES string: [H]C(COC(CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC)=O)(OC(CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC)=O)COC(CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC)=O
InChI: 1S/C57H104O6/c1-4-7-10-13-16-19-22-25-28-31-34-37-40-43-46-49-55(58)61-52-54(63-57(60)51-48-45-42-39-36-33-30-27-24-21-18-15-12-9-6-3)53-62-56(59)50-47-44-41-38-35-32-29-26-23-20-17-14-11-8-5-2/h25-30,54H,4-24,31-53H2,1-3H3/b28-25-,29-26-,30-27-
InChI key: PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N

Chemical formula: C57H104O6
Molar mass: 885.432 g/mol
Appearance: Colourless viscous liquid
Density: 0.9078 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Melting point: 5 °C; 41 °F; 278 K
Boiling point: 554.2 °C; 1,029.6 °F; 827.4 K
Solubility: Chloroform 0.1g/mL

Molecular Weight: 885.4
XLogP3-AA: 22.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 53
Exact Mass: 884.78329103
Monoisotopic Mass: 884.78329103
Topological Polar Surface Area: 78.9 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 63
Complexity: 1010
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 3
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Hazards of Triolein:
Flash point: 302.6 °C (576.7 °F; 575.8 K)

Thermochemistry of Triolein:
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): 1.97*105 kJ/kmol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚): -1.8*105 kJ/kmol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): 8,389 kcal (35,100 kJ) /mole

Specifications of Triolein:
Density: 0.9130g/mL
Color: Colorless to Yellow
Boiling Point: 235.0°C to 240.0°C (18.0mmHg)
Assay Percent Range: 98.5% min. (GC)
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Linear Formula: (C17H33COOCH2)2CHOCOC17H33
Beilstein: 02,IV,1664
Packaging: Glass bottle
Merck Index: 15,9904
Refractive Index: 1.4680 to 1.4700
Quantity: 1mL
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: insoluble in water. Other solubilities: soluble in chloroform, ether, ccl4, slightly soluble in alcohol
Specific Gravity: 0.913
Formula Weight: 885.45
Physical Form: Liquid
Percent Purity: 99%
Chemical Name or Material: Glycerine trioleate

Names of Triolein:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Propane-1,2,3-triyl tri[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoate]

TRIOLEYL PHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 3305-68-8, Nom INCI : TRIOLEYL PHOSPHATE, Nom chimique : Trioleyl phosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 221-983-4. Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent plastifiant : Adoucit et rend souple une autre substance qui autrement ne pourrait pas être facilement déformée, dispersée ou être travaillée, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Produits qui en contiennent

TRIPEPTIDE-10 Nom INCI : TRIPEPTIDE-10 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Tripalmitin is a triglyceride composed of three palmitic acid molecules esterified to a glycerol backbone.
Tripalmitin is a white, waxy solid with a powdery texture.
Tripalmitin is odorless and tasteless.

CAS number: 555-44-2
EC number: 209-008-0

APPLICATIONS

Tripalmitin (glycerin tripalmitate) finds applications in various industries. Here are some of its key applications:

Food Industry:
Tripalmitin is used as a food additive and ingredient.
Tripalmitin functions as a texturizer, stabilizer, and emulsifier in processed foods, baked goods, confectionery, and dairy products.

Cosmetics and Skincare:
Tripalmitin is used in cosmetics and skincare products as an emollient, moisturizer, and thickening agent.
Tripalmitin helps improve the texture, spreadability, and stability of creams, lotions, lip balms, and other personal care formulations.

Pharmaceuticals:
Tripalmitin is employed in the pharmaceutical industry for various applications. It is used as a carrier for lipophilic drugs, facilitating their delivery and absorption.
Tripalmitin can be incorporated into solid oral dosage forms, transdermal patches, and suppositories.

Industrial Lubricants:
Tripalmitin is utilized in the production of industrial lubricants and metalworking fluids due to its lubricating properties.
Tripalmitin helps reduce friction and wear in machinery and improves overall performance.

Candle Making:
Tripalmitin is a common ingredient in candle making.
Tripalmitin serves as a wax component, contributing to the candle's structure, hardness, and burn characteristics.

Personal Care Products:
Tripalmitin is used in various personal care products, including lipsticks, lip balms, sunscreens, and hair care formulations.
Tripalmitin provides texture, moisturizing properties, and stability to these products.

Coatings and Polishes:
Tripalmitin can be found in coatings, polishes, and wax-based products.
Tripalmitin enhances the gloss, smoothness, and protective properties of surfaces, such as wood, leather, and metal.

Industrial Applications:
Tripalmitin is employed in industrial applications, such as mold release agents, plasticizers, and lubricant additives.
Tripalmitin helps reduce friction, improve flow, and enhance the performance of various materials and processes.

Research and Development:
Tripalmitin is commonly used in laboratories for research and development purposes.
Tripalmitin serves as a model compound to study lipid metabolism, drug delivery systems, and formulation development.

Nutraceuticals:
Tripalmitin is used in the formulation of nutraceutical products, including dietary supplements and functional foods.
Tripalmitin provides a source of energy and serves as a carrier for fat-soluble vitamins and bioactive compounds.

Animal Feed:
Tripalmitin can be incorporated into animal feed formulations as an energy source for livestock and poultry.
Tripalmitin helps improve the caloric density of the feed and supports healthy growth.

Biomedical Research:
Tripalmitin is utilized in biomedical research, particularly in lipid studies and drug delivery systems.
Tripalmitin serves as a representative model for studying triglycerides and their behavior in biological systems.

Microencapsulation:
Tripalmitin is employed in microencapsulation techniques to protect sensitive ingredients, such as flavors, fragrances, and pharmaceutical compounds.
Tripalmitin helps enhance stability, control release, and improve the shelf life of encapsulated substances.

Fuel Additive:
Tripalmitin can be used as a renewable fuel additive in biodiesel production.
Its chemical structure and properties make it suitable for blending with biodiesel fuels, improving their combustion characteristics.

Analytical Chemistry:
Tripalmitin is utilized in analytical chemistry as a calibration standard for various instrumental techniques, such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Tripalmitin helps validate and quantify analytical measurements.

Surfactant Systems:
Tripalmitin is sometimes employed as a surfactant or emulsifier in formulations.
Tripalmitin aids in the formation and stabilization of emulsions, foams, and dispersed systems.

Nanotechnology:
Tripalmitin is explored in nanotechnology applications, including nanoparticle synthesis and drug delivery systems.
Tripalmitin can be used as a matrix material or a component in nanoparticle formulations.

Bioplastics:
Tripalmitin is investigated as a potential ingredient in biodegradable and renewable bioplastics.
Its compatibility with other biopolymers offers possibilities for environmentally friendly packaging materials.

Veterinary Medicine:
Tripalmitin may have applications in veterinary medicine, such as in the formulation of animal pharmaceuticals, topical preparations, and nutritional supplements.

Tripalmitin is widely used as a texturizer, stabilizer, and emulsifier in processed foods, contributing to their texture and stability.
Tripalmitin is commonly found in baked goods, confectionery, margarine, and other food products.

Tripalmitin serves as an energy source in animal feed, providing essential calories for livestock and poultry.
In the cosmetics industry, tripalmitin acts as an emollient, enhancing the moisturizing properties of skincare products.
Tripalmitin is a key ingredient in lip balms, lipsticks, and moisturizing creams.
Tripalmitin is employed in the pharmaceutical field as a carrier for lipophilic drugs, aiding their absorption and bioavailability.

Tripalmitin is utilized in transdermal patches, solid oral dosage forms, and suppositories.
Tripalmitin is an essential component in industrial lubricants, improving the performance and durability of machinery.
Tripalmitin helps reduce friction, wear, and heat generation in moving parts.
Candle manufacturers use tripalmitin as a primary ingredient in wax formulations, enabling the production of high-quality candles with desirable burning characteristics.
Tripalmitin contributes to the hardness, structure, and fragrance retention of candles.

Tripalmitin finds application in the formulation of coatings and polishes, providing gloss, protection, and ease of application.
Tripalmitin is used in the production of wood polishes, leather conditioners, and metal protective coatings.
Tripalmitin is employed in the creation of industrial mold release agents, ensuring smooth and efficient mold release in manufacturing processes.
Tripalmitin acts as a plasticizer in certain materials, enhancing their flexibility and workability.

Tripalmitin is utilized in research and development as a model compound for studying lipid metabolism, drug delivery systems, and formulation development.
Tripalmitin is a valuable tool in lipid and bioactive compound studies.

Tripalmitin is employed in microencapsulation techniques to protect sensitive ingredients, such as flavors, fragrances, and pharmaceutical compounds.
Tripalmitin helps enhance stability, control release, and improve the shelf life of encapsulated substances.

Tripalmitin can serve as a renewable fuel additive in biodiesel production, improving the combustion properties of biodiesel fuels.
Tripalmitin aids in reducing emissions and enhancing the overall performance of biodiesel.
Analytical chemists utilize tripalmitin as a calibration standard in gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for accurate quantification of compounds.
Tripalmitin acts as a surfactant in formulations, aiding in the formation and stabilization of emulsions and foams.

Tripalmitin finds applications in nanotechnology, serving as a matrix material or component in nanoparticle formulations for drug delivery and other applications.
Veterinary medicine explores the use of tripalmitin in animal pharmaceuticals, topical preparations, and nutritional supplements.
Tripalmitin is used as a coating material in the production of confectionery items like chocolates and candy coatings, providing a smooth and glossy finish.

Tripalmitin acts as a binding agent in the manufacturing of tablets and pills, ensuring the cohesive integrity of the dosage forms.
Tripalmitin is employed in the production of nutritional supplements, particularly those containing fat-soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids.
Tripalmitin serves as a source of energy in energy bars and sports nutrition products.
Tripalmitin is utilized in the production of emulsified meat products such as sausages and processed meats, helping improve their texture and juiciness.

Tripalmitin is used in the formulation of dairy products like ice cream and whipped toppings to provide stability, smoothness, and enhanced mouthfeel.
Tripalmitin finds application in the production of bakery products like cookies and pastries, contributing to their texture, mouthfeel, and shelf life.
Tripalmitin is employed in the creation of cosmetic powders and pressed powders, enhancing their smoothness, adhesion, and blendability.

Tripalmitin is used as a film-forming agent in cosmetic and personal care products, providing a protective barrier on the skin or hair.
Tripalmitin finds application in the production of solid perfumes and fragrance sticks, ensuring the controlled release of fragrance over time.
Tripalmitin is utilized in the formulation of liposomal drug delivery systems, enabling the targeted and controlled release of therapeutic compounds.

Tripalmitin is explored in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as a scaffold material for cell growth and tissue regeneration.
Tripalmitin is employed in the creation of biodegradable packaging materials, reducing the environmental impact of plastic waste.
Tripalmitin is used as a lubricant in various industries, including automotive, manufacturing, and machinery, to reduce friction and wear.

Tripalmitin is employed in the production of adhesive tapes, providing adhesion and smooth unwinding properties.
Tripalmitin is used as a component in hair care products like conditioners and serums, providing nourishment, shine, and manageability.
Tripalmitin finds application in the formulation of sunscreens and sun protection products, aiding in the dispersion and stability of UV filters.

Tripalmitin is utilized in the creation of pet care products like shampoos and conditioners, offering moisturizing and nourishing benefits to animal fur and skin.
Tripalmitin is explored in the field of drug delivery systems for targeted and sustained release of therapeutic compounds in cancer treatment.
Tripalmitin finds application in the creation of bio-based lubricants and greases, providing effective lubrication while reducing environmental impact.
Tripalmitin is used in the production of nutritional infant formulas, contributing to the energy content and nutritional profile of the product.

Tripalmitin is employed in the creation of high-performance coatings for applications in aerospace, marine, and industrial sectors, providing protection against corrosion and wear.
Tripalmitin finds application in the formulation of solid-state phase change materials, used for thermal energy storage and management in various industries.
Tripalmitin is utilized in the production of dietary supplements for weight management, as it provides a source of long-lasting energy.
Tripalmitin is explored in the field of gene delivery systems, offering a potential carrier for the delivery of genetic material in gene therapy applications.

DESCRIPTION

Tripalmitin, also known as glycerin tripalmitate, is a chemical compound classified as a triglyceride.
Tripalmitin is formed by the esterification of glycerol (also called glycerin) with three molecules of palmitic acid.
Its chemical formula is C₅₃H₁₀₀O₆, and its molecular weight is approximately 853.43 g/mol.

Tripalmitin is a solid substance that appears as a white or off-white powder or crystalline material.
Tripalmitin is odorless and insoluble in water.
However, Tripalmitin is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, chloroform, and ether.

This triglyceride is naturally found in various fats and oils, including palm oil and animal fats.
Tripalmitin serves as an energy storage molecule in organisms and is a major component of dietary fats.
Tripalmitin is commonly used in the food industry as a fat source, emulsifier, and stabilizer.
Tripalmitin is also employed in the formulation of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products due to its desirable properties as an emollient and thickening agent.

Tripalmitin is a triglyceride composed of three palmitic acid molecules esterified to a glycerol backbone.
Tripalmitin is a white, waxy solid with a powdery texture.
Tripalmitin is odorless and tasteless.
Tripalmitin has a melting point around 63-65 degrees Celsius.

The compound is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
Tripalmitin is derived from natural sources such as palm oil and animal fats.

Tripalmitin is commonly found in dietary fats and oils.
Tripalmitin serves as an energy reservoir in living organisms.
Tripalmitin is a major constituent of many food products.

Tripalmitin acts as a natural emollient, providing moisturizing properties to skincare products.
Tripalmitin has a long shelf life and is resistant to oxidation.
Tripalmitin is stable under normal storage and handling conditions.
Tripalmitin has low volatility, making it suitable for various formulations.

Tripalmitin is used as a thickening agent in cosmetics and personal care products.
Tripalmitin helps improve the texture and consistency of formulations.
Tripalmitin is widely utilized in the pharmaceutical industry for drug delivery systems.
Tripalmitin can serve as a carrier for lipophilic drugs.

Tripalmitin has good compatibility with many active ingredients.
Tripalmitin exhibits excellent stability in different formulations and environments.
Tripalmitin is biodegradable and poses minimal environmental impact.
Tripalmitin is an FDA-approved ingredient for various food applications.
Tripalmitin contributes to the smoothness and mouthfeel of food products.

PROPERTIES

Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula: C51H98O6
Molecular Weight: 807.36 g/mol
Appearance: White to off-white solid
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: Approximately 63-65°C (145-149°F)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents (e.g., ethanol, acetone)

Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C3H5(C16H31O2)3
Chemical Structure: Tripalmitin is a triglyceride consisting of glycerol linked to three palmitic acid molecules.
Lipid Type: Saturated triglyceride
Hydrophobicity: Tripalmitin is hydrophobic (water-insoluble) due to its long hydrocarbon chains.

FIRST AID

Inhalation:

If tripalmitin particles or dust are inhaled, remove the affected person to a well-ventilated area.
If respiratory symptoms develop, such as coughing or difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately.
Provide supportive care, such as fresh air, rest, and reassurance.

Skin Contact:

In case of contact with tripalmitin on the skin, immediately remove contaminated clothing.
Gently wipe or blot away any excess tripalmitin from the skin surface.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with mild soap and water.
If skin irritation, redness, or rash occurs and persists, seek medical advice.
Apply a suitable skin moisturizer or emollient to help alleviate dryness or discomfort.

Eye Contact:

In the event of contact with tripalmitin in the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring thorough rinsing of the eye surfaces.
If wearing contact lenses, remove them during the rinsing process.
Seek immediate medical attention and bring the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or product container for reference.

Ingestion:

If tripalmitin is accidentally ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical professionals.
Rinse the mouth with water to remove any residual product.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious or convulsing person.
Seek immediate medical attention, and provide the healthcare professional with relevant information, including the quantity and time of ingestion.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling tripalmitin, wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, to minimize the risk of skin contact and eye irritation.

Ventilation:
Ensure proper ventilation in the working area to prevent the buildup of airborne particles or vapors.

Avoid Heat Sources: Keep tripalmitin away from open flames, sparks, and direct heat sources, as it may melt or ignite at high temperatures.

Prevent Contamination:
Take precautions to prevent cross-contamination with incompatible substances, such as strong oxidizing agents or reactive chemicals.

Good Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling tripalmitin, especially before eating, drinking, or smoking.

Storage:

Store in a Cool, Dry Place:
Keep tripalmitin containers tightly closed in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area to prevent moisture absorption and degradation.

Temperature Control:
Maintain storage temperatures below the melting point of tripalmitin (approximately 63-65°C or 145-149°F) to ensure its solid-state and prevent product degradation.

Protect from Light:
Store tripalmitin in opaque containers or areas protected from direct sunlight or strong UV radiation, as exposure to light may lead to color changes or degradation.

Segregation:
Store tripalmitin away from strong oxidizing agents, acids, and reactive substances to prevent potential chemical reactions.

Keep Away from Ignition Sources:
Store tripalmitin away from ignition sources, such as open flames, sparks, or heat-producing equipment, to minimize the risk of fire hazards.

Proper Labeling:
Clearly label containers with the product name, batch number, date of receipt, and any relevant hazard information.

SYNONYMS

Glycerol tripalmitate
Glycerin tripalmitate
Glyceryl tripalmitate
Palmitin triglyceride
Glyceryl palmitate triester
Tripalmitin glyceride
Triglyceride of palmitic acid
Palmitic acid triglyceride
Palm oil glyceride
Glyceryl ester of palmitic acid
Glycerol ester of palmitic acid
Glyceryl palmitate
Palmitin
Palmitic triglyceride
Glycerol palmitate
Palmitoyl glycerol
Palmitic acid ester of glycerol
Tripalmitin ester
Glyceryl palmitin
Palmitate ester of glycerol
Glyceride of palmitic acid
Trihexadecanoin
1,2,3-Trihexadecanoylglycerol
1-Palmitoyl-2,3-dipalmitin
Hexadecanoic acid ester with glycerol
Tripalmitoylglycerol
Glycerol palmitate ester
Glyceryl palmitate triglyceride
Palmitic acid glycerol ester
1,2,3-Propanetriyl palmitate
Glycerol tris(hexadecanoate)
Triglycerol palmitate
1,3-Dihydroxypropan-2-yl hexadecanoate
Palmitic acid glyceride
Hexadecanoyl glycerol
Glycerol trihexadecanoate
Tris(hexadecanoyloxy)methyl propane
Glycerin tris(palmitate)
Tri(hexadecanoyl)glycerol
Glycerol trihexadecanoate
Tris(palmitoyloxy)methyl propane
1,3-Bis(hexadecanoyloxy)propan-2-yl palmitate
Glycerol 1,2,3-tripalmitate
Palmitic acid glyceryl ester
1,2,3-Tri(hexadecanoyloxy)propane
Tris(hexadecanoyloxy)methylpropane
Glycerin tris(palmitin)
Trihexadecyl glycerol
1,2,3-Tri(hexadecanoyloxy)propane
Hexadecyl 1,2,3-tripalmitate
Triglycerol palmitate
Glyceryl palmitate tripalmitate
Trihexadecanoyl glycerol
Glycerol trihexadecanoate
Hexadecyl palmitate
Glycerol tris(hexadecanoic acid ester)
Glycerol tripalmitate ester
1,2,3-Propanetriyl palmitate
Tris(hexadecanoyl)glycerol
Trihexadecylglycerol
Hexadecanoate ester of glycerol
1,2,3-Trihexadecanoylglycerol
Glycerin trihexadecanoate
Glycerol tris(palmitic acid ester)
Trihexadecyl glyceryl ester
Hexadecanoate glycerol ester
Glycerol 1,2,3-trihexadecanoate
Tris(palmitoyloxy)methylpropane
1,3-Dihydroxypropan-2-yl palmitate
1,3-Bis(hexadecanoyloxy)propan-2-yl palmitate
Hexadecyl 1,2,3-trihexadecanoate
Glycerin tris(palmitoyl ester)
1,2,3-Tri(hexadecanoyloxy)propane
Trihexadecanoyl glyceryl ester
Glycerol trihexadecanoylate

TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 115-86-6, Nom INCI : TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE, Nom chimique : Phosphoric acid, triphenyl ester, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-112-2, Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent plastifiant : Adoucit et rend souple une autre substance qui autrement ne pourrait pas être facilement déformée, dispersée ou être travaillée

T 309; tris(phe;NSC 57867; TRIPHENYLTHIOPHOSPHATE; T 309 (antiwear additive); Triphenyl Phosphorothioate; O,O,O-Triphenylthiophosphat; Triphenoxyphosphine sulfide; TRIPHENYL PHOSPHOROTHIONATE; O,O,O-Triphenyl thiophosphate CAS NO:597-82-0

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is colorless, crystalline powder with a phenol-like odor.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) has a role as a flame retardant and a plasticiser.

CAS Number: 115-86-6
EC Number: 204-112-2
MDL number: MFCD00003031
Linear Formula: (C6H5O)3PO
Chemical formula: C18H15O4P

SYNONYMS:
triphenylphosphate, phosphoric acid, triphenyl ester, disflamoll tp, triphenoxyphosphine oxide, celluflex tpp, phosflex tpp, trifenylfosfat, phenyl phosphate pho 3po, phosphoric acid triphenyl ester, trifenylfosfat czech, TPP, TPPA, Tripheyl phosphate, TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP), PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIPHENYL ESTER, Phosflex TPP, Triphenyl hosphate, Altal, Dymel, Wako TPP, Phosphoric acid,triphenyl ester, Celluflex TPP, Triphenyl phosphate, Phenyl phosphate ((PhO)3PO), Triphenoxyphosphine oxide, Disflamoll TP, TP, Phosflex TPP, TPP, TPPA, Reofos TPP, S 4, S 4 (phosphate), TTP, Sumilizer TPP, Wako TPP, NSC 57868, Phoscon FR 903N, TFF, WSFR-TPP, Triphenol phosphate, TTP (triphenyl phosphate), DHPF 005, Antioxidant TTP, UN 3077, Disflamoll TPP, FR 3031, 402955-02-6, Triphenyl phosphate, TPP, Phosphoric acid, triphenyl ester, Celluflex TPP, Disflamoll TP, Phenyl phosphate ((PhO)3PO), Phosflex TPP, Triphenoxyphosphine oxide, TP, Trifenylfosfat, Altal, Dymel, Kronitex TPP, Phenyl phosphate, Triphenyl phosphoric acid ester, NSC 57868, TPhP, Triphénylphosphate, Trifenilfosfato, TPP, Phosphoric acid, triphenyl ester, Celluflex TPP, Disflamoll TP, Phenyl phosphate ((PhO)3PO), Phosflex TPP, Triphenoxyphosphine oxide, TP, Trifenylfosfat, Altal, Kronitex TPP, Phenyl phosphate, Triphenyl phosphoric acid ester, NSC 57868, phenyl phosphate, TPP, triphenyl ester of phosphoric acid, Celluflex TPP, Disflamoll TP, Phenyl phosphate ((PhO)3PO), Phosflex TPP, Phosphoric acid, triphenyl ester, TP (VAN), TPP, Trifenylfosfat [Czech], Triphenoxyphosphine oxide, Triphenyl phosphate, Triphenylphosphate, [ChemIDplus], phenyl phosphate, TPP, Phosphoric acid triphenyl ester, triphenyl phosphoric acid ester, celluflex tpp, TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE, 115-86-6, Triphenylphosphate, Phosphoric acid, triphenyl ester, Disflamoll TP, Celluflex TPP, Phosflex TPP, Triphenoxyphosphine oxide, Trifenylfosfat, Phenyl phosphate ((PhO)3PO), Phosphoric Acid Triphenyl Ester, NSC 57868, TPPA, CCRIS 4888, HSDB 2536, UNII-YZE19Z66EA, EINECS 204-112-2, YZE19Z66EA, BRN 1888236, DTXSID1021952, CHEBI:35033, AI3-04491, NSC-57868, Triphenyl phosphoric acid ester, DTXCID201952, EC 204-112-2, 4-06-00-00720 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Triphenyl Phosphate 1000 microg/mL in Acetone, Triphenyl phosphate 10 microg/mL in Ethyl acetate, Trifenylfosfat [Czech], Triphenyl phosphate 500 microg/ml in Methyl-tert-butyl ether, Reofos TPP, CAS-115-86-6, TPHP, C18H15O4P, Triphenyl Phosphate (TPP), Altal, Kronitex TPP, Reolube TPP, Reomol TPP, TPP; TPHP, NCIOpen2_007435, Triphenyl Phosphate, Reagent, SCHEMBL18116, Phenyl phosphate, (PhO)3PO, BIDD, , Triphenyl phosphate, >=99%, CHEMBL454511, TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE [MI], WLN: ROPO & OR & OR, Triphenyl phosphate (TPP, TPhP), TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE [HSDB], NSC57868, Tox21_201511, Tox21_300504, MFCD00003031, STL280499, AKOS015888630, Triphenyl phosphate, analytical standard, NCGC00164033-01, NCGC00164033-02, NCGC00164033-03, NCGC00254408-01, NCGC00260671-01, AC-19461, CS-0017793, NS00010271, P0272, A803498, Q418573, J-003328, Triphenyl phosphate, TraceCERT(R), 31P-qNMR Standard, Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) 500 microg/mL in Methyl tert-butyl ether

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a solid phosphate ester which imparts good flame retardance to a large number of polymers.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a clear liquid, used as a performance additive to improve the colour and clarity of alkyd resin, unsaturated polyester resin and various industrial oils during their manufacture.

The manufacture of various resins involves the use of high temperatures, usually in excess of 150° C.
At these temperature the reaction mass tends to get coloured due to oxidation.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), n°115-86-6 is determined by GC-MS. Sample material must be taken using special equipment.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is found in the photography industry. It is also a fire retardant.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a solid phosphate ester which imparts good flame retardance to a large number of polymers.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is an aryl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of phosphoric acid with 3 mol eq. of phenol.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) has a role as a flame retardant and a plasticiser.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is functionally related to a phenol.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a colorless, crystalline solid widely and safely used by many industries around the world.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) provides many benefits to consumer products – from preventing electrical and automobile fires to increasing flexibility and durability of such products as photographic films.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is colorless, crystalline powder with a phenol-like odor.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is one of many chemical compounds that are part of multicomponent substances based on phosphorus esters.
Due to the adverse effects of this chemical compound on the environment, low Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) solutions are required in some applications.
Following the requirements of the market and in the interests of human health and environmental health, the PCC Group has developed a technology to obtain phosphorus esters with low levels of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP).

This group of chemicals includes products bearing the sign “Low TPP”.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) available as white flake or crystal.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) acts as a flame retardant, non-flammable plasticizer or additive in cellulose for photographic film, polyester and polyurethane.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) exhibits insolubility in water and solubility in benzene, chloroform, ether and acetone.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a colorless solid.
The primary uses for Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) are as a flame retardant or solvent in chemical and plastics manufacturing.

Information from the 2016 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) for Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) indicates the reported production volume is between 1 million and 10 million lbs/year (manufacture and import).
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), in the form of a white, odorless crystalline powder, is a flame-retardant plasticizer.

Its crystallization point begins above 47 degrees Celsius, and Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) contains less than .1 mg of potassium hydroxide per gram.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a non-halogen flame retardant plasticizer.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is present as a white flaky crystal.

Compatible with phenolic resins, cellulose resin, vinyl resin and rubber, and some engineering plastics such as PPO.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is the chemical compound with the formula OP(OC6H5)3.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is the simplest aromatic organophosphate.

This colourless solid, Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), is the ester (triester) of phosphoric acid and phenol.
Nail polish has received particular interest as a source of exposure to Triphenyl phosphate (TPP).
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) appears as colorless crystals.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is an aryl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of phosphoric acid with 3 mol eq. of phenol.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) has a role as a flame retardant and a plasticiser.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is functionally related to a phenol.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is an organophosphate flame retardant.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is part of the group of Non-Halogenated Aromatic Phosphates.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is part of the group of Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs).

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a chemical compound in the form of a colourless solid.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is the ester (triester) of phosphoric acid and phenol.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 tonnes per annum.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) can be used as flame retardant plasticizer for cellulose resin, vinyl resin, natural rubber and synthetic rubber, with low flame retardant efficiency, excellent mechanical retention, transparency, softness and strong toughness.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in nitrocellulose, various coatings, rigid polyurethane foam plastics, engineering plastics plasticizers, and flame retardant additives.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is mainly used as a flame retardant plasticizer for engineering plastics and phenolic resin laminates;
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as softener of synthetic rubber and raw material of trimethyl phosphate;
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as a plasticizer, fire-retardant, and substitute for camphor in celluloid; also used in lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) acts as an anti-oxidant and prevents colour formation of the finished product, as a result of which better quality resins are obtained.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used paint, Coating, Ink

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as stabilizer
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used polymers (including) Adhesives, Styrenics, Engineering, Thermoplastics, Polymers.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used to regulate Viscosity and improve colour stability

Polyolefins: Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as catalyst
Polyurethane hot melt adhesives, SBR Rubber, Epoxies
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used to prevent scorching during curing and improve colour stability

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a commonly used flame retardant and plasticizer in various industries.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used for this analysis, the lab adopts the following method: Inhouse.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used Flame Retardants, Plastic, Resin & Rubber, Plasticizers

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as flame retardant and processing aid in cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate and vinyl copolymer compounds which are used in moulding applications.
Other important applications of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) are coatings based on nitrocellulose, phenolic resins, ABS/PC and HIPS/PPE compounds.

Studies support the safe use of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) in its different applications.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in some nail polish and nail enamels, basecoats and undercoats, and manicuring products.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in very low concentrations, primarily to increase the flexibility and durability of nail polish products, and improve adhesion of the product to the nail plate.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is known as a product with manifold fields of applications regarding its qualities in particular as a flame retardant.
One primary use of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is as a flame retardant in phenolic- and phenylene oxide-based resins for the manufacture of electrical and automobile components, for auto upholstery, and as a nonflammable plasticizer in cellulose acetate for photographic films.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) has also been used to impregnate roofing paper.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) occurs as a plasticizer in various lacquers and varnishes, and as a component of lubricating oil and hydraulic fluids.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in the insecticidal composition.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is also used in hydraulic liquids, and adhesives, inks, coatings, as a plasticizer in lacquers and varnishes, and as a substitute for camphor in celluloid materials to make the latter stable and fireproof.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) can be used in coatings, nitrocellulose applications, and rigid polyurethane foams.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in many plastics and resins (such as phenolic resin, cellulose resin, epoxy resin, PVC, PP, PC, ABS and PC/ABS).
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as an internal standard in the screening and quantification of agrochemical residues in vegetables and fruits.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in plastic processing and molding of plastic flow and performance.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as an internal standard in the screening and quantification of agrochemical residues in vegetables and fruits.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in plastic processing and molding of plastic flow and performance.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as a plasticiser in a wide variety of fields and objects.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is also used as a flame retardant for certain materials including electronic equipment, PVC, hydraulic fluids, glues, nail polishes and moulding resins.
To be effective as a flame retardant, Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) acts as follows: phosphoric acid is formed during thermal decomposition.

This reacts to form pyrophosphoric acid.
In Triphenyl phosphate (TPP)'s condensed phase, pyrophosphoric acid acts to block heat transfer.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is active in the gas phase.

The gradual phase-out of PBDEs may explain the increased use of triphenyl phosphate.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) has been added as a flame retardant to a variety of products, such as foam used in upholstered furniture, children’s products, and electronic equipment.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is also used in some nail polish and as an additive to increase the durability and flexibility of some plastics.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is also used as a plasticizer in lacquers, varnishes, and hydraulic fluids.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) has been used widely as a flame retardant and plasticizer.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) has been used as a flame retardant for a variety of materials, including electronic equipment, PVC, hydraulic fluids, glues, in nail polishes, and casting resins.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP)'s mechanism of action as a flame retardant is as follows: first, during thermal decomposition, phosphoric acid is formed.

This reacts to form pyrophosphoric acid, which, when in Triphenyl phosphate (TPP)'s condensed phase, acts to block heat transfer.
One of the most effective flame retardants for certain polymers, Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is only active as an additive flame retardant in its gas phase.
Phase out of PBDEs may have increased the use of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) in recent years.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as a plasticizer and a fire retardant in a wide variety of settings and products.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Release to the environment of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).

Other release to the environment of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products and laboratory chemicals.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.

Other release to the environment of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in the following products: polymers and cosmetics and personal care products.
Release to the environment of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials and formulation of mixtures.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in the following products: polymers.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, textile, leather or fur, electrical, electronic and optical equipment and machinery and vehicles.

Release to the environment of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles.
Release to the environment of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

CONDITIONS OF USE OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
In the final scope, EPA identified conditions of use associated with the importing; processing; distribution in commerce; industrial, commercial and consumer uses; and disposal of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), for example:

*The flame retardant is processed as a reactant, incorporated into a formulation, mixture, or reaction products, and incorporated into articles;
*Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is reportedly used in commercial paints and coatings and for plastic and rubber products; and
*Several consumer uses were reported, including foam seating and bedding products.
*The above listed conditions of use are ways that a person or the environment could be potentially exposed to this chemical.

PREPARTION OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is prepared by reacting phosphorus pentoxide and phenol, or by reacting phosphorus oxychloride and phenol.
On a larger scale phosphorus oxychloride and phenol are reacted in an esterification tank with heating.
The HCL formed is trapped and condensed, while the crude Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) runs into a large tank where it is purified.

REACTIVITY PROFILE OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Organophosphates, such as Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides.
Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

PREPARTION OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is prepared by the SN2 reaction of phosphorus oxychloride and phenol.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a colorless crystalline powder with a faint, phenol-like odor.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is practically insoluble in water at 1.9 × 10 7 mg/l at 24 °C.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is very soluble in carbon tetrachloride and is soluble in most lacquers, solvents, thinners, and oils, as well as in alcohol, benzene, ether, chloroform, and acetone.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) begins to decompose at about 600 °C in inert gas, and in a large excess of air, complete combustion to carbon dioxide occurs in the range 800–900 °C.
Hydrolysis of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) occurs very slowly in acidic or neutral solutions, but occurs rapidly in alkaline solutions.

CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
When an aqueous solution containing Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) (0.1 mg/L) and chlorine (3 to 1,000 mg/L) was stirred in the dark at 20 °C for 24 h, the benzene ring was substituted with one to three chlorine atoms.
The reported hydrolysis half-lives at pH values of 8.2 and 9.5 were 7.5 and 1.3 d, respectively.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) decomposes at temperatures greater than 410 °C

SOLUBILITY OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) reacts with water.

NOTES OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is incompatible with oxidizing agents and moisture.
Store Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) under dry inert gas.
Protect Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) from humidity and water.

FEATURES OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP)is useful for plastic, which is of cellulose ester radical, and it is insoluble in gas, nonflammable and it has good light stability.

Plastic uses of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP): Acrylonitrile, butadienestyrene copolymer, acetate fibre, cellulose nitrate, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyolepine, polyaminoester (PU soft).

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) noncombustable substitute for camphor in celluloid.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used plasticizer in plastics (e.g., cellulose acetate) lacquers, varnishes, etc.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is also used in impregnating roofing paper.

TRANSPORTATION PRECAUTIONS OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
1. The package of Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) shall be complete and the loading shall be safe.
During transportation, ensure that containers do not leak, collapse, fall or damage.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is strictly prohibited to mix with oxidant and transport.
During transportation, Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) shall be protected from sun exposure, rain and high temperature;

2. Storage precautions:
store Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) in a cool and ventilated warehouse.
Keep away from fire and heat.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) should be stored separately from the oxidant, avoiding mixed storage.
Fire fighting equipment of corresponding variety and quantity shall be provided.
The storage area shall be equipped with appropriate materials to contain the leakage.

SOLUBILITY OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is insoluble in water, easily hydrolyzed to free phenol in case of moisture, soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, benzene and acetone, which has absorption effect on ultraviolet rays.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₁₅O₄P
Molar Mass: 326.288 g·mol⁻¹
Molecular Weight: 326.3 g/mol
Exact Mass: 326.07079595 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 326.07079595 g/mol
Physical Properties
Appearance: Colorless solid
Density: 1.184 g/mL
Melting Point: 48 to 50 °C (118 to 122 °F; 321 to 323 K)
Boiling Point: 244 °C (471 °F; 517 K) at 10 mmHg
Vapor Pressure: 1 mmHg at 193 °C
Chemical Characteristics
XLogP3: 4.6

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Topological Polar Surface Area: 44.8 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 23
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 325
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

CAS Number: 115-86-6
EC Number: 204-112-2
Hill Formula: C₁₈H₁₅O₄P
Chemical Formula: (C₆H₅O)₃PO
Molar Mass: 326.29 g/mol
HS Code: 2919 90 30
Physical Properties
Physical State: Flakes
Color: White
Odor: No data available
Melting Point/Freezing Point: 48 - 50 °C (lit.)
Boiling Point: 220 °C (5 hPa)
Density: 1.2 g/cm³ (50 °C)
Relative Density: 1.21 at 50 °C

Bulk Density: 650 kg/m³
Flash Point: 220 °C (closed cup)
Ignition Temperature: >500 °C
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity: No data available (kinematic and dynamic)
Water Solubility: 0.0019 g/L at 20 °C (slightly soluble)
Vapor Pressure: 1.73 hPa at 200 °C; 0.1 hPa at 150 °C
Relative Vapor Density: No data available
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): log Pow: 4.63 at 20 °C (Potential bioaccumulation)
Additional Properties
Refractive Index: 1.563 at 50 °C

Specific Gravity: 1.185-1.202
Acid Value: ≤0.1 mg KOH/g
Free Phenol: ≤50 mg/kg
Water Content: ≤0.1%
Color (APHA): ≤80
Phosphorus Content: 9.5% (calculated)
Hazen Color Value: ≤50 (in melt)
Log Pow: 4.6 at 20 °C
Safety and Stability
Flammability: Combustible Solid
Explosive Properties: No data available
Oxidizing Properties: None
Storage Conditions: Store below +30°C

Autoignition Temperature: No data available
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
General Information
Chemical Name: Phosphoric acid triphenyl ester; Triphenyl Phosphate (TPP)
CAS Number: 115-86-6
EINECS Number: 204-112-2
Molecular Formula: C₁₈H₁₅O₄P
Molecular Weight: 326.29 g/mol
Physical Properties
Appearance: White flakes or pellets; colorless crystal powder or needles
Color (APHA): ≤ 80
Odor: Odorless

Density: 1.205 g/cm³ at 50 °C; 1.185-1.202 (specific gravity)
Refractive Index: 1.555 at 50 °C; 1.550
Melting Point: 48-50 °C
Freezing Point: 48-50 °C
Boiling Point: 245 °C at 11 mmHg
Flash Point: 220 °C (428 °F) - closed cup
Viscosity at 50 °C: 11 mPa·s
Chemical Characteristics
Acid Value: ≤ 0.1 mg KOH/g; ≤ 0.05 mg KOH/g (specific grades)
Free Phenol: ≤ 50 mg/kg; 0.03 MAX
Water Content: ≤ 0.1%
Phosphorus Content: 9.5% (calculated)

Solubility and Stability
Solubility: Insoluble in water
Storage Conditions: 2-8 °C
Hazen Color Value: ≤ 50 (in melt)
Additional Information
Content: ≥ 99.0%
Flash Point (cc): 220 °C
Molecular Weight: 326.28-326.29 g/mol
Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₁₅O₄P
Molecular Weight: 326.28300 g/mol
Exact Mass: 326.28 g/mol

CAS Number: 115-86-6
EC Number: 204-112-2
HS Code: 2919 90 30
Hill Formula: C₁₈H₁₅O₄P
Physical Properties:
Appearance: Colorless crystals or flakes
Color: White (Colorless to faint yellow in some formulations)
Odor: Odorless
Density: 1.2055 g/cm³ at 50 °C
Specific Gravity: 1.268 at 50 °C; 1.180-1.186 at 25 °C
Melting Point: 49-50 °C
Boiling Point: 245 °C at 11 mmHg (lit.)
Flash Point: 220 °C (428 °F) - closed cup

Refractive Index: 1.563 (at 50 °C), 1.580-1.589 (at 25 °C)
Water Solubility: Insoluble (0.0019 g/L at 20 °C)
Vapor Pressure: 1.3 mm Hg at 200 °C
Vapor Density: 1.19 (Air = 1)
Flammability: Combustible Solid
Chemical Characteristics:
Partition Coefficient (log Pow): 4.6
Topological Polar Surface Area (PSA): 54.57 Å²
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Safety and Storage:

Storage Conditions: 2-8 °C
Autoignition Temperature: >500 °C
Stability: Stable
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
Solubility:
Solvents: Benzene, chloroform, ether, acetone, lacquers, solvents, thinners, oil
Additional Information:
Phosphorus Content: 9.8-10.1%
Acidic Value: ≤ 0.5 mg KOH/g
Freezing Point: 22-24 °C
Chemical Name: Phosphoric acid triphenyl ester; Triphenyl Phosphate (TPP)
Chemical Name: Triphenyl phosphate

CAS Number: 115-86-6
EC Number: 204-112-2
Hill Formula: C₁₈H₁₅O₄P
Chemical Formula: (C₆H₅O)₃PO
Molecular Weight: 326.3 g/mol
Formula Weight: 326.29 g/mol
HS Code: 2919 90 30
Physical Properties
Appearance: Colorless, crystalline powder with a phenol-like odor
Color: White
Physical State: Flakes
Odor: Odorless

Melting Point/Freezing Point: 48 - 52 °C (118 - 124 °F)
Boiling Point: 244 - 250 °C (473 °F at 11 mmHg)
Density: 1.2055 g/cm³ (1.184 g/mL at 50 °C)
Specific Gravity: 1.185 - 1.202
Flash Point: 220 - 435 °F (220 °C to 433 °F)
Vapor Pressure: 1 - 1.73 hPa (1 mmHg at 193-200 °C)
Refractive Index: 1.550 - 1.563
Vapor Density: 11.3 (vs air)
Viscosity: 11 mm²/s at 50 °C
Henry's Law Constant: 5.88 at 20 °C (approximate)
Water Solubility: 0.0019 g/L at 20 °C (insoluble)
Storage Temperature: Store below +30°C

Chemical Properties
XLogP3: 4.6
Topological Polar Surface Area (PSA): 44.8 Å²
Log Pow: 4.6 at 20 °C
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Complexity: 325
Defined/Undefined Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Safety and Regulations
UN Number: UN3077
Beilstein Reference: 1888236
Merck Index: 14,9742
TLV-TWA Exposure Limit: 3 mg/m³ (ACGIH, OSHA, NIOSH)
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
FDA UNII: YZE19Z66EA
EPA Substance Registry System: Triphenyl phosphate (115-86-6)
EWG's Food Scores: 5
Additional Information
InChIKey: XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 115-86-6
BRN: 1888236

FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (TPP):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE = TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE = TPC

CAS Number: 6100-05-6
EC-Number : 212-755-5
MDL number: MFCD00150442
E Number: E332
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C6H5K3O7 · xH2O / C6H7K3O8

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate (also known as tripotassium citrate) is a potassium salt of citric acid.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a white, hygroscopic crystalline powder.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is odorless with a saline taste.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate contains 38.3% potassium by mass.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is white/clear crystalline powder
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is transparent prismatic crystals or a white, granular powder.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is hygroscopic and odorless, and has a cooling, saline taste.
In the monohydrate form Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is highly hygroscopic and deliquescent.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a hydrate that is the monohydrate form of potassium citrate.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate has a role as a diuretic.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate contains a potassium citrate (anhydrous).
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is the potassium salt form of citrate with alkalinizing property.

Following absorption, potassium citrate causes increased plasma bicarbonate concentration, thereby raising blood and urinary pH.
A simultaneous decrease in calcium ion activity occurs as a result of increasing calcium complex formation with dissociated anions.
Levels of urinary citrate are increased due to modification of the renal handling of citrate.
By promoting excretion of free bicarbonate ion and by increasing urinary pH in addition to an increased ionization of uric acid to more soluble urate ions, this agent exerts the alkalizing and anti-urolithic effect.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenishes.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is the common tribasic potassium salt of citric acid, also known as potassium citrate.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is produced by complete neutralization of citric acid with a high purity potassium source and subsequent crystallisation.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate reduces sensitivity of teeth in oral care products.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a non-toxic, slightly alkaline salt with low reactivity.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is chemically stable if stored at ambient temperatures.
In Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate's monohydrate form it is very hygroscopic and must be protected from exposure to humidity.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate occurs as transparent crystals or a white, granular powder.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is an odourless substance with a cooling, salty taste.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is slightly deliquescent when exposed to moist air, freely soluble in water and almost insoluble in ethanol (96%).
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is one of the popular food additives and ingredients in most countries.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is the common tribasic potassium salt of citric acid, also known as potassium citrate.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is produced by complete neutralisation of citric acid with a high purity potassium source and subsequent crystallisation.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is one of the three potassium salts of citric acid.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate appears as white crystalline powder with a salty taste.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is slightly deliquescent when in contact with moisture.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is very soluble in water and almost insoluble in ethanol.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is very hygroscopic and must be protected from humidity.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is non-toxic and fully biodegradable.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a slightly alkaline salt with low reactivity at ambient temperatures.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is widely distributed in plants and in animal tissues and fluids and exist in greater than grace amounts in variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably in citrus fruits such as lemon and limes.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also a metabolite of Dimethyl Fumarate (D464965), a compound.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a source of citric acid, which is an alpha-hydroxy acid.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is widely distributed in plants and in animal tissues and fluids and exist in greater than grace amounts in variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably in citrus fruits such as lemon and limes.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a hydrate that is the monohydrate form of potassium citrate.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a potassium salt that has been reported to be efficient in forming aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) with UCON 50-HB-5100, a random copolymer.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a sequestrant and buffer that exists as crystals or powder.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is slightly hygroscopic and possesses the advantageous properties of citric acid without having its acid reaction.
a 1% solution has a ph of 7.5–9.0.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate reacts with metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, and iron to form a complex.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is soluble in water with a solubility of 1.8 g in 1 ml of 20°c water and 2 g in 1 ml of 80°c water.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also termed tripotassium citrate.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is soluble in water and glycerol.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is insoluble in alcohol

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is soluble in 0-65ml of water, slowly soluble in 2-5ml of glycerol, insoluble in ethanol.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms of Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate may be considered.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a white, granulated powder or colourless crystals.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is very easily soluble in water and hardly soluble in alcohol.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a potassium salt of the citric acid and is formed by neutralisation of citric acid with potassium.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a pure white granular powder and has no fillers or binders, additives or preservatives.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is created by combining Potassium Bicarbonate with Citric Acid and evaporating the solution until the granular form remains.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate (also known as tripotassium citrate) is a potassium salt of citric acid with the molecular formula K3C6H5O7.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a white, hygroscopic crystalline powder.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is odorless with a saline taste.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate contains 38.28% potassium by mass.

In the monohydrate form Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is highly hygroscopic and deliquescent.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate has no smell.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate's taste is salty and cool.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate's hygroscopic.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is loss of crystal water at 180 ℃.
1 aqueous solution is alkaline to litmus, pH is about 8.5.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is white crystalline granules or powder.
1g of Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is soluble in 0.65mL water, slowly soluble in 2.5ml glycerol, insoluble in ethanol.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate's aqueous solution is alkaline to litmus.
The pH value of Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is about 8.5.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate has loss of water of crystallization at 180 °c.
As a food additive, Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used to regulate acidity and is known as E number E332.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is rapidly absorbed when given by mouth and is excreted in the urine.
Since Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is an alkaline salt it is effective in reducing the pain and frequency of urination when these are caused by highly acidic urine.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used for this purpose in dogs and cats, but is chiefly employed as a non-irritating diuretic.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used food, Beverages, Tablets, Personal Care and Technical Applications.
In food industry: Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used buffering agent, chelating agent, yeast food, emulsifying salt, and synergistic agent of anti-oxidation.
In chemical industry: Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used tripotassium phosphate is used in the manufacture of liquid soap, refined gasoline, high-quality paper, metal surface treatment, biological hydration treatment, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is the common tribasic potassium salt of citric acid, also known as potassium citrate.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in foods, beverages, personal care and technical applications as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate usually replaces trisodium citrate whenever a low sodium content is desired.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in foods, beverages, and technical applications as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate usually replaces trisodium citrate whenever a low sodium content is desired.
In pharmaceuticals Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used as potassium source and as active ingredient to treat urinary duct stones.
When added to oral care products, Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is the active ingredient to reduce the sensitivity of the teeth.
In contrary to other potassium salts, Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is less bitter and thus can be used at higher concentration levels.

The food-approved substance is safe and easy in handling.
Furthermore, Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is one of the few fully biodegradable and non-toxic flame retardants.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in food and beverage industries.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate finds application as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also used as a potassium source in pharmaceuticals and an active ingredient to treat urinary duct stones.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is added to oral care products to reduce the teeth sensitivity.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in foods, beverages, cosmetics, agrochemicals and as buffering agents and emulsifying agents.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in place of Sodium Citrate where low sodium content is required.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in manufacturing method of printed circuit board for autonomous vehicle to perform recognition, judgment, determination and execution.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a weak organic acid that is known as a commodity chemical, as more than a million tonnes are produced every year by mycological fermentation on an industrial scale using crude sugar solutions, such as molasses and strains of Aspergillus niger.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring agent and chelating agent.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in the laboratory as a buffering agent and chelator.
In renal function studies, potassium citrate is used as an alkanizing agent where the citric acid is a metabolic substrate in renal cells.
Studies have shown that potassium citrate may increase bone density, it is therefore used in research experiments related to the treatment of osteoporosis.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in foods, beverages, and other applications as a buffering, sequestering or emulsifying ingredient.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is the potassium salt of citric acid and it usually replaces trisodium citrate whenever a low sodium content is desired.
An organic acid naturally found in citrus fruits, Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a natural preservative and is also used to add an acidic (sour) taste to foods and soft drinks.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate can be added to ice cream to keep fat globules separated and be added to recipes in place of fresh lemon juice.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate used in food industry, pharmaceutical industry and laboratory analytical reagents.
In the food industry Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate can be used as buffer, chelating agents, stabilizer etc.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate can be used for milk and dairy products, jellies, jams, meat, cheese emulsification, citrus preservation etc.

In the pharmaceutical industry Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate’s used for hypokalaemia, potassium deficiency and alkaline urine.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate can also be used for chemical analysis reagent.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is found in artificially sweetened jelly and in certain milk and meat products.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate uses include processed cheese, pud- dings, and dietetic foods in which sodium is undesirable.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in foods and beverages as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in manufacturing method of printed circuit board for autonomous vehicle to perform recognition, judgment, determination and execution.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a weak organic acid that is known as a commodity chemical, as more than a million tonnes are produced every year by mycological fermentation on an industrial scale using crude sugar solutions, such as molasses and strains of Aspergillus niger.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring agent and chelating agent.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in beverages, foods, and oral pharmaceutical formulations as a buffering and alkalizing agent.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also used as a sequestering agent and as a therapeutic agent to alkalinize the urine and to relieve the painful irritation caused by cystitis.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in food (sequestrant, emulsifier, and stabilizer) and in medicine as an alkalinizing agent and antiurolithic.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used as a flavoring agent, nutritional supplement, pH control agent, and sequestrant for foods
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in food industry (E-332), antioxidant, preservative agent, laboratory reagent, in pharma industry.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used as a flavoring, stabilizing agent and acidulant in food Industry.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also used as an alkalizing agent in the treatment of mild urinary tract infections such as cystitis.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used as a pharmaceutical aid in veterinary practice.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also used in many pharmacopoeia and other preparations like potassium hydroxide solution, Cresol solution, Soap solution etc.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate works as a buffer for juices like real, R-cola etc
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in food, beverage, cosmetics, and many other applications.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used in buffer solution preparation, electroplating and pharmaceutical industry.
Medicinally, Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate may be used to control kidney stones derived from either uric acid or cystine.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is an effective way to treat/manage gout and arrhythmia if the patient is hypokalemic.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is widely used to treat urinary calculi (kidney stones) and is often used by patients with cystinuria.

A study of 500 patients with recurrent stones found that it reduced the frequency of stones from 2 per year to a half per year.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also used as an alkanizing agent in the treatment of mild urinary tract infections such as cystitis.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also used in many soft drinks as a buffering agent.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a food additive and has other household and health uses as well.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate may be added to foods and beverages or smoothies and green drinks.

Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate provides bright plate in alkaline baths.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate may act as sequestering agent in some metal plating
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used to adjust pH and forms metallic complexes in photo chemicals
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used as a buffer, sequestrant or emulsifier.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is used as a source of potassium in pharmaceuticals and an active ingredient for the treatment of urinary tract stones.

BENEFITS of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
*Provides overall health and wellness
*Promotes healthy skin, hair, and nails
*Used to increase blood flow and circulation
*Stabilizes naturally produced chemicals in the body
*USP Grade Powder – 100% Pure

PRODUCTION METHODS of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is prepared by adding either potassium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate to a solution of citric acid until effervescence ceases.
The resulting solution is then filtered and evaporated to dryness to obtain Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate.

FUNCTIONS of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
1. Acidity Regulator / Buffering Agent - Changes or maintains the acidity or basicity of food/cosmetics.
2. Binder / Stabilizer - Retains the physical characteristics of food/cosmetics and ensure the mixture remains in an even state.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a potassium salt of citric acid.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is a white, hygroscopic crystalline powder.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is odorless with a saline taste.
As a food additive, potassium citrate is used to regulate acidity and is known as E number E332.
Tripotassium Citrate Monohydrate is also used in many soft drinks as a buffering agent.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
Molecular Weight: 306.39 (anhydrous basis)
Physical state: solid
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: 275 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 8,0 - 9,5
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,98 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Bulk density: ca.950 kg/m3
Min. Purity Spec: 99%
Physical Form (at 20°C): Solid
Melting Point: 275°C

Long-Term Storage: Store long-term in a cool, dry place
Molecular Weight: 324.41
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 323.9052116
Monoisotopic Mass: 323.9052116
Topological Polar Surface Area: 142 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 211
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 5
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Water Solubility: 39.4 mg/mL
logP: -0.7
logP: -1.3
logS: -0.89
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 3.05
pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.2
Physiological Charge: -3
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 7
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 140.62 Å2

Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Refractivity: 68.14 m3·mol-1
Polarizability: 14.23 Å3
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No
Melting point: 275 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Density: 1.98

storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Granular
Specific Gravity: 1.98
color: White crystalline
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 8 - 9.5
PH: 7.5-9.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Water Solubility: Soluble in water and glycerol.
Practically insoluble in alcoholSoluble in water and glycerol.
Insoluble in alcohol
Merck: 14,7623
BRN: 3924344
Stability: Stable.

FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions
Tightly closed.
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
no information available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

SYNONYMS:
tri-Potassium citrate monohydrate
Tripotassium citrate
Citric acid potassium salt
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-Propanetriccarboxylic Acid
Potassium citrate monohydrate
6100-05-6
Tripotassium citrate monohydrate
UROCIT-K
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate
K-cit-v
Kalii citras
MFCD00150442
EE90ONI6FF
Potassium citrate (monohydrate)
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, tripotassium salt, monohydrate
Hydroxycitric acid (tripotassium hydrate)
Potassium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate hydrate
INS NO.332(II)
INS-332(II)
E-332(II)
NSC-760107
CCRIS 6543
Urocit-K (TN)
potassium citrate.H2O
Citric acid, tripotassium salt, monohydrate
UNII-EE90ONI6FF
Potassium Citrate, granular
CHEMBL3989822
DTXSID8042501
POTASSIUM CITRATE
CHEBI:64746
Tripotassium 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate monohydrate
Citric acid potassium salt monohydrate
NSC 760107
D05578
Q27133400
ADV-7103 COMPONENT POTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE
ADV7103 COMPONENT POTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, puriss., 99.5%
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, cell culture tested
Potassium citrate tribasic solution, BioUltra, 1 M in H2O
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, >=98% (GC/titration)
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, purum p.a., >=99.0% (NT)
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, tested according to Ph.Eur.
tripotassium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate--water (1/1)
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, meets USP testing specifications
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Potassium citrate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Citric acid tripotassium salt
Tripotassium citrate
Tripotassium citrate hydrate
Tripotassium citrate monohydrate
Potassium citrate
Citric acid tripotassium salt monohydrate
Citric acid potassium salt monohydrate
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate
Tripotassium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate monohydrate
Kalii citras
Tripotassium citrate monohydrate
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate
Citric acid tripotassium salt monohydrate
Tripotassium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate monohydrate
TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE
Urocit-K
Hydroxycitric acid (tripotassium hydrate)
CITRIC ACID TRIPOTASSIUM SALT MONOHYDRATE
KALII CITRAS
tri-Potassium citrate
TrikaliumcitratH2O,BP
Tri-PotassiumCitrateGr
PotassiuM Citrate (AS)
Tri-PotassiumCitrateA.R.
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, tripotassium salt, monohydrate
Citric acid, tripotassium salt, monohydrate
Potassium citrate
Potassium citrate monohydrate
Tripotassium 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate monohydrate
Urocit-K
K-CIT-V
Potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate
Tripotassium citrate monohydrate
Potassium 2-hydroxy-1, 2, 3-propanetricarboxylate hydrate (3:1:1)
1, 2, 3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, potassium salt, hydrate (1:3:1)
2-Hydroxy-1, 2, 3-propanetricarboxylic acid tripotassium salt monohydrate
Potassium 2-hydroxypropane-1, 2, 3-tricarboxylate hydrate (3:1:1)
Citric acid tripotassium salt
KALII CITRAS
TRI-POTASSIUM CITRATE H2O
POTASSIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC
POTASSIUM CITRATE-1-HYDRATE
Potassium citrate monohydrate
POTASSIUM CITRATE, MONOHYDRATE
TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE MONOHYDRATE
tripotassium citrate monohydrate
tri-Potassium citrate monohydrate
POTASSIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC HYDRATE
POTASSIUM CITRATE, TRIBASIC MONOHYDRATE
Potassium citrate, tribasic monohydrate
citric acid tripotassium cell culture*tested monohydrate
tripotassium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate hydrate
tripotassium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
tripotassium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate monohydrate

Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate; Tri-butoxyethyl phosphate; TRIBUTOXYETHYL PHOSPHATE;Phosphoric acid, tributoxyethyl ester; TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 78-51-3, Nom INCI : TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE; Noms français : 2-BUTOXYETHANOL PHOSPHATE (3:1); 2-BUTOXYETHANOL, PHOSPHATE; PHOSPHATE DE TRI(BUTOXY-2 ETHANOL); PHOSPHATE DE TRI(BUTOXY-2 ETHYLE); Phosphate de tri(butoxyéthyle); PHOSPHATE DE TRIS(BUTOXYETHYLE) ; PHOSPHORIC ACID, TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) ESTER; TRI(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE; TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE. Noms anglais : ETHANOL, 2-BUTOXY-, PHOSPHATE (3:1); Tri(butoxyethyl) phosphate; TRIBUTOXYETHYL PHOSPHATE; TRIBUTOXYETHYLPHOSPHATE; TRIBUTYL CELLOSOLVE PHOSPHATE; TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) ESTER OF PHOSPHORIC ACID. Utilisation et sources d'émission; Agent plastifiant, agent antimousse; Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate; CAS names: Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, 1,1',1''-phosphate. IUPAC names : TBEP; Tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate. Trade names: 2-butoxyethanol phosphate; Kronitex KP-140; KP-140; Phosflex T-BEP; Phosflex 176C; Amgard TBEP; TBOP; TBEP; TBXP ; tri(2-butoxyethanol)phosphate; tri(2-butylethylether) phosphate; tributoxyethyl phosphate; tributyl cellosolve phosphate; tris(2-n-butoxyethyl)phosphate; tris(butylglycol) phosphate; 201-122-9 ; [EINECS]; 4-01-00-02422 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]; 78-51-3 [RN]; KJ9800000; MFCD00009456; Phosphate de tris(2-butoxyéthyle) [French]; phosphoric acid tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester; Phosphoric acid, tri(butoxyethyl) ester; Phosphoric acid, tributoxyethyl ester; Phosphoric acid, tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester; Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate [ACD/IUPAC Name]; Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)fosfat [Czech]; Tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; tris(2-n-butoxyethyl) phosphate; 1716010 [Beilstein]; 2-butoxyethanol phosphate; 2-Butoxy-ethanol phosphate (3:1); 2-BUTOXYETHANOL PHOSPHATE (3:1); 2-Butoxyethanol, phosphate; 4O2OPO&O2O4&O2O4 [WLN]; Amgard TBEP; EINECS 201-122-9; Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, 1,1',1''-phosphate ; ETHANOL, 2-BUTOXY-, PHOSPHATE (3:1); Kronitex KP-140; NCGC00091600-02; Phosflex T-be; Phosflex T-bep; phosphoric acid tris-(2-butoxyethyl) ester; Phosphoric acid tris(2-n-butoxyethyl) ester; Phosphoric acid, tri-(2-butoxyethyl) ester; pTri(2-butoxyethanol) phosphate; TBEP; Tri(2-butoxyethanol) phosphate; Tri(2-butoxyethanol)phosphate; TRI(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE TRI-(2-BUTOXYETHYL)-PHOSPHATE; Tri-(2-Butoxyethyl)phosphate (en); Tri(butoxyethyl) phosphate; TRI-2-BUTOXYETHYL PHOSPHATE; Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate; Tri-butoxyethyl phosphate ; TRIBUTOXYETHYL PHOSPHATE; Tributyl cellosolve phosphate; Tris(2-butoxyethyl)ester phosphoric acid; Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)fosfat [Czech]; tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate; Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate; Tris(2-butyloxyethyl)phosphate; Tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate; Tris(butoxyethyl)phosphate; tris[2-(butyloxy)ethyl] phosphate; Tris-2-butoxyethyl phosphate; WLN: 4O2OPO&O2O4&O2O4

CAS: 57499-93-1
EC Number:259-910-3
Molecular Weight: 248.36
IUPAC Name: 1-[1-(1-butoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yloxy]propan-2-ol
Molecular Formula: C13H28O4

DESCRIPTION:
Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether (TBPE) is a fatty acid that belongs to the group of polyoxyethylene-based nonionic surfactants.
Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether is soluble in water and has detergent properties.
Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether has been shown to have a high affinity for cationic surfactants, such as p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and can be used to remove them from wastewater during sewage treatment.

The toxicity of Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether has been studied in rats and mice, showing that Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether does not cause any significant toxic effects.
Studies have also shown that Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether can be used as a film-forming polymer in the production of films with antimicrobial activity.
Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether is also combined with other compounds, such as sodium citrate or dodecyl glycol ethers, to form detergent compositions for removing oil and grease from surfaces or water.
Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether is a cleaning agent that can also be found in other laundry pre-treaters.
Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether works by dissolving stains and soils.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIPROPYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER:
Molecular Weight: 248.36
XLogP3-AA: 1.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 248.19875937
Monoisotopic Mass: 248.19875937
Topological Polar Surface Area: 47.9 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 164
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 3
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Assay: ≥95%
refractive index: n20/D 1.432 (lit.)
bp: 276 °C (lit.)
Mp: −75 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.932 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Application: Cleaners, Coatings, Inks and Adhesives
Boiling Point (°C @760mmHg): 274
CAS#: 55934-93-5
Chemical Name: Tripropylene glycol mono n-butyl ether
Density (25°C) at lb/gal (g/cc): 7.73 (0.927)
Evaporation Rate (n-butyl acetate=1.0): 0.0004
Flash Point, Closed Cup: 126 °C
Freezing Point °F(°C): Hansen Solubility Parameter, dD (joules/cm3)1/2: 14.8
Hansen Solubility Parameter, dH (joules/cm3)1/2: 7.9
Hansen Solubility Parameter, dP (joules/cm3)1/2: 1.7
Low Vapor Pressure (Molecular Weight: 248.4 g/mol
Series: P-Series
Solubility in Water (25°C): 4.5 wt%
Solubility Water in (25°C): 8 wt%
Specific Gravity (25°C):0.93
Surface Tension (1% actives, 25 °C):29.7 dynes/cm
Vapor Pressure (mmHg @ 20°C): 0.002
Viscosity (25°C):7 cP

USES OF TRIPROPYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER:
Tripropylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is used in Cleaners
Tripropylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is used in Textiles
Tripropylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is used in Cosmetics
Tripropylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is used in Resins
Tripropylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is used in Coating formulation and application
Tripropylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is used in Industrial, automotive and architectural coatings

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIPROPYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

SYNONYMS OF TRIPROPYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER:
57499-93-1
Tripropylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether
ppg-3 butyl ether
1-[1-(1-butoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yloxy]propan-2-ol
1-((1-((1-Butoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol
1-({1-[(1-BUTOXYPROPAN-2-YL)OXY]PROPAN-2-YL}OXY)PROPAN-2-OL
2-Propanol, 1-(2-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-1-methylethoxy)-
2-Propanol, 1-[2-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-1-methylethoxy]-
Dowanol 66B
BRN 1704643
DOWANOL TPnB
SCHEMBL15374
DTXSID90973032
1-(2-(2-Butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-1-methylethoxy)-2-propanol
K0N34Z34O8
PPG-3 BUTYL ETHER [INCI]
POLYOXYPROPYLENE (3) BUTYL ETHER
AS-63503
POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL (3) BUTYL ETHER
Propanol, [(butoxymethylethoxy)methylethoxy]-
5,8-Dimethyl-4,7,10-trioxatetradecane-2-ol
D93141
A905620
Q27896607
TPBGE
Dowanol TPnB
Tripropylene glycol butyl ether
((Butoxymethylethoxy)methylethoxy)propan-1-ol
Propanol, (2-(2-butoxymethylethoxy)methylethoxy)-
Tripropylene glycol (mono) n-butyl ether
1-(2-(2-Butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-1-methylethoxy)-2-propanol
DOWANOL TPNB CLYCOL ETHER
Tripropylene glycol monobutyl ether

1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)triazine-2,4,6-trione is a white powder. Industry Uses Chemical additive used in heat stabilizers for PVC applications Flame retardants Ingredient in polyester-type resins Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories Process regulators Processing aids, not otherwise listed Processing aids, specific to petroleum production THEIC is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water, THF and hot lower alcohols. It is insoluble in other common organic solvents. This symmetrical triol undergoes reactions typical of unhindered, primary hydroxyl groups. Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. THEIC is used in coating industry for heat resistant wire enamels, electrical insulatings, alkyd resins, urethanes, water-soluble stoving enamels and polyesters. It is also used as an intermediate for the synthesis of dyes, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and plasticizers. Chemical Group is a long-experienced distributor of Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) Isocyanurate.worldwide company who imports and supplies Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) Isocyanurate in over four continents. As a supplier of Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) Isocyanurate with a wide distribution network, customers in numerous industries rely for their supply of Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) Isocyanurate. We have the capability and know-how as a importer, supplier, and distributor of Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) Isocyanurate to provide your business with value-added supply chain solutions. supplies Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) Isocyanurate to users/customers for Plastic, Resin & Rubber. This product is also known as THEIC. CAS Number 839-90-7 Formula C9-H15-N3-O6 Major Category Plastics & Rubber 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate formula graphical representation Synonyms 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-; 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanuric acid; 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanuric acid; 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)triazine-2,4,6-trione; Isocyanuric acid tris(2-hydroxyethyl) ester; N,N',N''-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate; N,N',N''-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate; THEIC; Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate; Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine-2,4,6-trione; Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)cyanurate; Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate; Tris(beta-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate; Tris(hydroxyethyl) cyanurate; s-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-; [ChemIDplus] Category Other Monomers Description White solid; [HSDB] White powder; [MSDSonline] Sources/Uses Used as a plastics additive to impart thermal stability; [HSDB] Used as a monomer to make polyesters (thermosetting varnishes and paints for metal) and as a polymer stabilizer; [Reference #1] Triazine is the chemical species of six-membered heterocyclic ring compound with three nitrogens replacing carbon-hydrogen units in the benzene ring structure. The names of the three isomers indicate which of the carbon-hydrogen units on the benzene ring position of the molecule have been replaced by nitrogens, called 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, and 1,3,5-triazine respectively. Symmetrical 1,3,5-triazine is the common. Triazines are prepared from 2-azidocyclopropene through thermal rearrangement (1,2,3-triazine), from 1,2-dicarbonyl compound with amidrazone by condensation reaction (1,2,4-triazine) and from cyanic acid amide by trimerization (1,3,5-triazine). Pyridine is the aromatic nitrogen heterocycle compound having only one nitrogen, and diazines are with 2 nitrogen atoms and tetrazines are with 4 nitrogen atoms on the benzene ring system. Triazines are weak base. Triazines have much weaker resonance energy than benzene, so nucleophilic substitution is preferred than electrophilic substitution. Triazines are basic structure of herbicides, examples are amitole (CAS #: 61-82-5), atrazine (CAS #: 1912-24-9), cyanazine (CAS #: 21725-46-2), simazine (CAS #: 122-34-9), trietazine (CAS #: 1912-26-1). Large volume of triazines are used in the manufacture of resin modifiers such as melamine and benzoguanamine. Melamine (1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine) is reacted with formaldehyde to from a very durable thermoset resin. Benzoguanamine (2,4-Diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine) is used to increase thermoset properties of alkyd, acrylic and formaldehyde resins. Triazines are also useful as chromophore groups in colorants and Chlorine attached in Triazine compounds undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions well with with hydroxyl groups in cellulose fibres. Some triazine family compounds are used in pharmaceutical industry as coupling agent for the synthesis of peptide in solid phase as well as solution and as side chain of antibiotics. Triazine compounds are used in formulating bactericide and fungicide. They are used as preservatives in oil field applications. They are used as disinfectant, industrial deodorant and biocide in water treatment. They are used as a bleaching agents. Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) has the symmetrical triol structure and thus it can undergo polymerization reactions. It is used as a monomer for the synthesis of polyesters which are industrially used in a variety of coatings (thermosetting paints, magnet wire enamels, electrical insulating varnishes). Because of its trifunctionality, THEIC is used as a precursor to crosslinking agents for rigid urethane foams and postforming laminating resins. THEIC is used as a stabilizer and heat resistant flame retardant of polymers. One of the uses of such polymer is as exterior building material. It is also used as an intermediate for the synthesis of dyes, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and plasticizers.Tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) was decomposed by means of chemical treatment. NMR analysis showed that the products contained large amounts of 2-oxazolidinone. The effects of potassium hydroxide as an additive, reaction temperature and time, and solvent were investigated. The decomposition of THEIC with potassium hydroxide in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 130°C for 4 hours gave a quantitative amount of 2-oxazolidinone. These results indicate that THEIC decomposed under mild reaction conditions in the presence of potassium hydroxide. DESCRIPTION AND USES Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate is used in costing industry for heat resistant wire enamels, electrical insulatings, alkyd resins, urethanes, water-soluble stoving enamels and polyesters. It is also used as an intermediate for the synthesis of dyes, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and plasticizers. APPLICATIONS Agrochemicals, Dyes, Electrical insulatings, Electronics, Enamels, Pharmaceuticals, Plastizisers, Polyesters, Resins, Alkyd, Urethanes, Wire enamel INDUSTRIES Agrochemicals, Electrical, Electronics, Pharmaceuticals PRODUCT DETAILS Product group Speciality Synonym product Tris(2-Hydroxyethyl)-s-Triazine-2,4,6-trione Package Bulk and Packed Materials Statistics number 2933-69-80(-90) Cas number 839-90-7 Cus number N/A EC number 212-660-9 RID/ADR number N/A UN number N/A Structure N/A A macromolecular homopolymer (named as Homo-THEIC) was synthesized through self-etherification of tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) molecules and used as charring agent. Its chemical structure was characterized by FTIR and 13C-NMR. The charring agent was mixed with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and applied in flame retarded polypropylene (PP). Results of UL-94, LOI, and cone calorimeter test showed that the LOI of flame retarded PP can reach 32.8% and UL-94 V-0 rating can be achieved at 30 wt % loading. The heat release rate and smoke production rate during the combustion of PP were substantially reduced. TGA results indicated that the synergistic effect between APP and Homo-THEIC existed and the addition of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) dramatically enhanced the thermal stability of PP. According to the results of TGA, SEM, TG-FTIR, FTIR, and Raman, the char forming process of IFR can be separated into three stages: the formation of viscous phosphate ester (Tonset−330 °C), the expanding process along with the decomposition of phosphate ester and the release of a large amount of gases (330–480 °C), and the final formation of graphitic-like char without any expanding feature (480–670 °C). Used as an important raw material for the production of heat-resistant wire enamels and surface coatings with extremely good mechanical properties, diverse polyurethane plastic. water-base stoving enamels. unsaturated polyester resins, As organic intermediates for insecticide, plasticizing agent, dyestuffs and phar-maceuticals etc.Tris 2-Hydroxyethyl isocyanurate (THEIC) is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. THEIC is used in coating industry for heat resistant wire enamels, electrically insulating, alkyd resins, urethanes, water-soluble stoving enamels, and polyesters. Product name: Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)Isocyanurate(THEIC) CAS: 839-90-7 Molecular weight: 224.2546 Molecular formula: C9H15N3O6 Applications: Used as an important raw material for the production of heat-resistant wire enamels and surface coatings with extremely good mechanical properties, diverse polyurethane plastic. water-base stoving enamels. unsaturated polyester resins, As organic intermediates for insecticide, plasticizing agent, dyestuffs and phar-maceuticals etc. A method of preparing tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate (THEIC) is disclosed. The method comprises the step of heating a mixture of ethylene carbonate and isocyanuric acid in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature between about 160° C. and 170° C. The molar ratio of ethylene carbonate to isocyanuric acid is at least about 3 to 1, and the catalyst has at least one amine functional group. THEIC produced by the disclosed method can be used without purification as a cross-linking agent in polyester-based magnet wire enamels. In view of the problem of low combustion performance of polymer, two charring agents tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate terephthalate ester (T-ester43 and T-ester45) with different degree of esterification were synthesized by using tris (2-hydrooxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) and purified terephthalic acid (PTA) as raw materials. Two kinds of intumescent flame retardants (IFR43 and IFR45) were prepared by combination of T-ester and ammonium polyphosphate (APP).The preformed IFR were melt blended with four commercial thermoplastics to obtain flame retardant polymer blends. It is found that, after esterification, the decomposition temperature of charring agent increased up to 300℃ and char residue at 700 ℃ increases up to 10% from 1%. With 20% mass loading of IFR43 into PA6, PET, PLA, and PP, the char residue increased by 14.97%, 9.69%, 11.59%, and 7.25%, respectively. Correspondingly, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of polymers enhanced by 6%~7%. The melt drops during LOI test decreased. In addition, crystallization acceleration effect is found in the sample of PLA after addition of IFR. THEIC is mainly be used as an important raw material for the production of heat-resistant wire enamels and PVC heat stabilizer for improving the heat-resistant of wire enamels and PVC processing temperature and performance. Besides these two major application, THEIC also be used in the production of various polyurethane plastics, water-based baking lacquer, unsaturated polyester resins, pesticide, plastic accelerator, dye staffs and intermediate for organic synthesis. Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. THEIC is used in coating industry for heat resistant wire enamels, electrical insulatings, alkyd resins, urethanes, water-soluble stoving enamels and polyesters. It is also used as an intermediate for the synthesis of dyes, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and plasticizers. 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate (THEIC) is a triazine derivative with three nitrogen atoms in its structure. It can be used as a stabilizer and can be a useful material in applications that require flame-retardancy and water durability. THEIC can be used to functionalize graphene magnetic nanoparticles to form a catalyst that facilitates the synthesis of benzimidazole compounds.[2] It may also be used in the synthesis of hyperbranched epoxy resin by UV-initiated thiolene click reaction, which finds potential application in the fabrication of insulating materials. Tris 2-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate. Derived from cyanuric acid (1, 3, 5-triazine-2, 4, 6-triol) which is a cyclic trimer. It is usually a white, odorless solid. Used as a raw material for synthetic resins. THEIC, also known as Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl) Isocyanurate, has applications in modified polyimide insulating varnish, paint for the base plate of automobiles, the manufacture of high-quality heat-resisting alcohol acid and plasticizer, and in the printing, textile, plastics, and photo industries.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is an organic flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.

CAS Number: 78-51-3
EC Number: 201-122-9
MDL number: MFCD00009456
Linear Formula: [CH3(CH2)3OCH2CH2O]3P(O)
Molecular Formula: C18H39O7P

SYNONYMS:
TBEP, TRI(BUTOXYETHYL)PHOSPHATE, TRIS(BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, TBXP, kp140, KP 140, KP-140, 2-butoxy, Amgard TBEP, phosflext-bep, tris 2-butoxyethyl phosphate, tbep, phosflex t-bep, tris butoxyethyl phosphate, tributoxyethyl phosphate, tri butoxyethyl phosphate, kronitex kp-140, tributyl cellosolve phosphate, ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate 3:1, tri 2-butoxyethyl phosphate, 2-Butoxyethanol, phosphate, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate (3:1), KP 140, Kronitex KP-140, Phosflex T-BEP, Phosphoric acid, tributoxyethyl ester, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester, TBEP, Tri(2-butoxyethanol) phosphate, Tri(2-butoxyethanol)phosphate, Tributoxyethyl phosphate, Tributyl cellosolve phosphate, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, Tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate, Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)fosfat, Tbep, Tris(Butoxyethyl)Phosphate, Phosflex T-Bep, Kronitex Kp-140, Tributyl Cellosolve Phosphate, Tri(2-Butoxyethanol)Phosphate, Tris-(2-Butoxyethyl)Fosfat, Tributoxyethyl phosphate, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Tris(butoxyethyl)phosphate, Phosphoric acid, tributoxyethyl ester, Tris[2-(butyloxy)ethyl] phosphate, Phosphoric acid tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Phosflex T-bep, Kronitex KP-140, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate, KP 140, Phosphoric acid, tributoxyethyl ester, Tri(butoxyethyl) phosphate, Tri(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, Tributyl cellosolve phosphate, Tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, TBEP, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate, Kronitex KP-140, Phosflex T-bep, Tri(2-butoxyethanol)phosphate, Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)fosfat, 2-Butoxy-ethanol phosphate (3:1), Amgard TBEP, Tris(2-butoxyethyl)ester phosphoric acid, Phosphoric acid, tri-(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, 1,1',1''-phosphate, NSC 4839, 31227-66-4, 19040-50-7, Phosphoric acid tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, 78-51-3, TBEP, Tributoxyethyl phosphate, TRI(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, Phosflex T-bep, Tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate, tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, KP 140, Kronitex KP-140, Tributyl cellosolve phosphate, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate (3:1), Tri(butoxyethyl) phosphate, Phosphoric acid, tributoxyethyl ester, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Tri(2-butoxyethanol)phosphate, NSC 4839, Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)fosfat, Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-butoxyethyl) Ester, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate, Tris(butoxyethyl)phosphate, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, 1,1',1''-phosphate, DTXSID5021758, CHEBI:35038, RYA6940G86, tris[2-(butyloxy)ethyl] phosphate, NSC-4839, TBEP; KP 140; Hostaphat B 310, NSC-62228, Phosphoric acid, tri-(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Ethanol, phosphate (3:1), Tris(2-butyloxyethyl)phosphate, DTXCID201758, WLN: 4O2OPO&O2O4&O2O4, 2-Butoxyethanol, phosphate, CAS-78-51-3, Phosphoric acid, tri(butoxyethyl) ester, TBOEP, CCRIS 5942, Tri(2-butoxyethanol) phosphate, HSDB 2564, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate (3:1), EINECS 201-122-9, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, C18H39O7P, 78-51-3, BRN 1716010, tris-2-butoxyethyl phosphate, UNII-RYA6940G86, AI3-04596, Amgard TBEP, MFCD00009456, EC 201-122-9, NCIOpen2_007840, SCHEMBL37268, 4-01-00-02422 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Tri-(2-Butoxyethyl)phosphate, BIDD, CHEMBL1534811, NSC4839, NSC62228, 2-Butoxy-ethanol phosphate (3:1), Tox21_201593, Tox21_302891, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, 94%, AKOS015839670, NCGC00091600-01, NCGC00091600-02, NCGC00091600-03, NCGC00256553-01, NCGC00259142-01, Tris(2-butoxyethyl)ester phosphoric acid, AS-59809, Phosphoric acid tris(2-n-butoxyethyl)ester, CS-0066127, FT-0689063, NS00010389, P0683, Phosphoric acid tris(2-n-butoxyethyl) ester, TRI(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE [HSDB], F71229, A915093, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, analytical standard, W-104277, Q27116378, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, tri(butoxyethyl)phosphate, KP-140, TBEP, Phosphoric acid tris(2-Butoxyethyl)ester, 2-butoxy-ethanol phosphate (3:1), Tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, TBEP, 2-butoxy, 2-Butoxy-ethanol phosphate (3:1), 2-Butoxy-ethanolphosphate(3:1), 2-butoxy-ethanophosphate(3:1), Amgard TBEP, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate (3:1), tri(butoxyethyl), TBXP, TBEP, KP-140, Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate, Tris(butoxyethyl) Phosphate, Tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, Phosphoric acid tris(2-n-butoxyethyl) ester, 2-BUTOXYETHANOL PHOSPHATE, PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIS (2-N-BUTOXYETHYL) ESTER, PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIS (2-BUTOXYETHYL) ESTER, TBEP, TRI (BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, TRIS (BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, TRIS (2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, 2-Butoxy, Phosphoric acid, tri-(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Tributoxyethyl phosphate, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate (31), TBEP, Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate acts as an additive flame retardant and plasticizer in plastics and synthetic rubbers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate appears as a colorless clear liquid having molecular weight of 398.47.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is a phosphorothioate that is used to inhibit the activity of the enzyme polymerase chain reaction.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate has been shown to induce apoptosis in vitro, which may be due to its ability to decrease mitochondrial membrane potential and interfere with signal pathways.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate has not been shown to affect human serum α1-acid glycoprotein or dimethyl fumarate levels.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is an efficient inhibitor of DNA polymerase activity and mitochondrial DNA synthesis in vivo, but it does not significantly affect mitochondrial membrane potential or cell proliferation.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is an organic flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate shows PXR agonistic activity.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is a slightly yellow viscous liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate has a role as an environmental contaminant and a flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is slightly yellow liquid with a sweetish odor.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is an organic flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate shows PXR agonistic activity.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes, plant protection products and water treatment chemicals.

Other release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Other release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use as processing aid and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate can be found in products with material based on: wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones) and paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper).
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used in the following products: plant protection products, hydraulic fluids, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, washing & cleaning products and polishes and waxes.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used for the manufacture.

Other release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is likely to occur from: outdoor use as processing aid and indoor use as processing aid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used in the following products: polymers and textile treatment products and dyes.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials and formulation of mixtures.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used in the following products: polymers, textile treatment products and dyes and washing & cleaning products.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as processing aid and in processing aids at industrial sites.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is a fire-resistant and light-stable plasticizer for food-contact products, resins & elastomers in floor finishes and waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is a useful research chemical suitable for rubber stoppers in blood specimen containers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate emits toxic fumes of phosphorous oxides when heated to decomposition.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate can be used as a resin solvent, plastisol viscosity modifier, and antifoam agent for synthetic rubber, plastics & lacquers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used as a plasticizer for resins and elastomers, in floor finishes and waxes, as a flame retardant, as a plasticizer for rubber stoppers in blood specimen containers, and as a fire-resistant and light-stable plasticizer for products intended for food contact; Occupational exposure is likely to be by skin absorption during production and from floor polishes.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used as solvent for resins, a viscosity modifier in plastisols, and an antifoam agent for synthetic rubber, plastics, and lacquers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.

The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate may be used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in herring gull eggs, house dust, and urine samples using liquid chromatography technique.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is used primary plasticizer for most resins and elastomers, floor finishes and waxes, flame-retarding agent.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is slightly yellow, oily liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is insoluble or limited solubility in glycerol, glycols, and certain amines; soluble in most organic liquids.

AIR AND WATER REACTIONS OF TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate is water soluble.

REACTIVITY PROFILE OF TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
Organophosphates, such as Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides.
Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate may react with oxidizers.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
CAS Number: 78-51-3
Molecular Weight: 398.47
EC Number: 201-122-9
MDL number: MFCD00009456
CBNumber: CB1312263
Molecular Formula: C18H39O7P
Molecular Weight: 398.47
MDL Number: MFCD00009456
MOL File: 78-51-3.mol
Melting point: -70°C
Boiling point: 215-228 °C (4 mm Hg, lit.)
Density: 1.006 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 13.7 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.03 mm Hg (150 °C)

Refractive index: n20/D 1.438 (lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store at -20°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly),
Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless to very slightly yellow
Water Solubility: Soluble
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.75 at 20℃

CAS DataBase Reference: 78-51-3 (CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: TRIBUTOXYETHYL PHOSPHATE
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: RYA6940G86
NIST Chemistry Reference: Phosphoric acid, tri-(2-butoxyethyl) ester (78-51-3)
EPA Substance Registry System: Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (78-51-3)
Appearance Form: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/range: < -70 °C - (ECHA)
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 215 - 228 °C at 5 hPa - lit.

Flash point: ca.159 °C at ca.1.014,6 hPa - closed cup - ISO 1523
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: 0,04 hPa at 150 °C
Vapor density: 13,75 - (Air = 1.0)
Density: 1,006 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: 1,02 at 20 °C
Water solubility: 0,66 g/l at 25 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: 3,75
Autoignition temperature: 322 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 12,4 mPa.s at 20 °C
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Surface tension: 32,7 mN/m at 20,2 °C
Relative vapor density: 13,75 - (Air = 1.0)
Appearance: colorless transparent liquid
Acidity (mgKOH/ g): ≤0.1
Refractive index (nD25): 1.4320 —1.4380
Specific gravity (20/20℃): 1.012-1.023
Color (Pt-Co): ≤ 50
Moisture: ≤0.1%
Appearance: colorless transparent liquit
Acid value(mgKOH/g): ≤0.1

Refractive index(nD25): 1.4320-1.4380
Specific gravity(20/20℃): 1.012-1.023
Chroma(Pt-Co): ≤60
Moisture(Pt-Co): ≤0.2%
Cas No: 78-42-2
Molecular Formula: C24H51O4P
Molecular Weight: 434.64
Appearance: Colorless Transparent Liquid
Molecular Formula: C18H39O7P
Molar Mass: 398.47
Melting Point: -70℃
Boling Point: 215-228℃4 mm Hg(lit.)
Water Solubility: Soluble
Appearance: Transparent liquid
Storage Condition: 2-8℃
MDL: MFCD00009456

melting point: -70°C
boiling point: 215-228 °C4mm Hg(lit.)
density: 1.006 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 13.7 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.03mm Hg ( 150 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.438(lit.)
flash point: >230 °F
morphology: Liquid
color: Clear colorless to very slightly yellow
water solubility: Soluble
stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 398.5 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 21
Exact Mass: 398.24334058 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 398.24334058 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 72.4 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 26
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 281
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS Number: 78-51-3
Formula: C18H39O7P
Molecular weight: 398.48 g/mol
MDL Number: MFCD00009456
InChI Key: WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 6540
ChEBI: CHEBI:35038
IUPAC Name: tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate
SMILES: CCCCOC(COCCOC)OP(=O)(OCCOCCCC)OCCOCCCC
Color: Colorless to Yellow

Density: 1.0000 g/mL
Boiling Point: 215°C to 228°C (4.0 mmHg)
Flash Point: 132°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 94% min. (GC)
Packaging: Glass bottle
Linear Formula: [CH3(CH2)3OCH2CH2O]3P(O)
Refractive Index: 1.4370 to 1.439
Specific Gravity: 1
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 1.3 g/L (20°C)
Formula Weight: 398.47
Percent Purity: 95%
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate

FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
not required
*Respiratory protection:
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

TCPP; Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate; Tris(2-chloro-1-(chloromethyl)ethyl)phosphate; Tris(1-chloromethyl-2-chloroethyl)phosphate; Tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate; Tri(beta,beta'-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate; FYROL FR 2; PF 38; Fosforan Troj-(1,3-dwuchloroizopropylowy) (Polish); 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol phosphate (3:1); cas no: 13674-87-8

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is slightly yellow, oily liquid. Insoluble or limited solubility in glycerol, glycols, and certain amines; soluble in most organic liquids.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organic flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organophosphate flame retardant and used as a plasticizer in various household products such as plastics, floor polish, varnish, textiles, furniture, and electronic equipment.

CAS Number: 78-51-3
Molecular Formula: C18H39O7P
Molecular Weight: 398.47
EINECS Number: 201-122-9

Synonyms: Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, 78-51-3, TBEP, Tributoxyethyl phosphate, TRI(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, Phosflex T-bep, Tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate, tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, KP 140, Kronitex KP-140, Tributyl cellosolve phosphate, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate (3:1), Tri(butoxyethyl) phosphate, Phosphoric acid, tributoxyethyl ester, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Tri(2-butoxyethanol)phosphate, NSC 4839, Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)fosfat, Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-butoxyethyl) Ester, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate, Tris(butoxyethyl)phosphate, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, 1,1',1''-phosphate, DTXSID5021758, CHEBI:35038, RYA6940G86, tris[2-(butyloxy)ethyl] phosphate, NSC-4839, TBEP;KP 140;Hostaphat B 310, NSC-62228, Phosphoric acid, tri-(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Ethanol, phosphate (3:1), DTXCID201758, WLN: 4O2OPO&O2O4&O2O4, 2-Butoxyethanol, phosphate, CAS-78-51-3, Phosphoric acid, tri(butoxyethyl) ester, TBOEP, CCRIS 5942, Tri(2-butoxyethanol) phosphate, HSDB 2564, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate (3:1), EINECS 201-122-9, Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)fosfat [Czech], Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate,C18H39O7P,78-51-3, BRN 1716010, tris-2-butoxyethyl phosphate, UNII-RYA6940G86, AI3-04596, Amgard TBEP, MFCD00009456, EC 201-122-9, NCIOpen2_007840, SCHEMBL37268, 4-01-00-02422 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Tri-(2-Butoxyethyl)phosphate, BIDD:ER0626, Tris(2-butyloxyethyl)phosphate, CHEMBL1534811, NSC4839, NSC62228, 2-Butoxy-ethanol phosphate (3:1), Tox21_201593, Tox21_302891, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, 94%, AKOS015839670, NCGC00091600-01, NCGC00091600-02, NCGC00091600-03, NCGC00256553-01, NCGC00259142-01, Tris(2-butoxyethyl)ester phosphoric acid, AS-59809, Phosphoric acid tris(2-n-butoxyethyl)ester, CS-0066127, NS00010389, P0683, Phosphoric acid tris(2-n-butoxyethyl) ester, TRI(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE [HSDB], F71229, A915093, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, analytical standard, W-104277, Q27116378

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organophosphate compound used primarily as a flame retardant and plasticizer in various industrial applications.
Its chemical formula is C18H39O7P, and its CAS number is 78-51-3.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is commonly utilized in the production of plastics, polymers, adhesives, and coatings to enhance their flexibility and flame resistance properties.

Additionally, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) finds application as a component in hydraulic fluids, lubricants, and as a solvent in some chemical processes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP), also known as TBEP, is a type of flame retardant that is commonly used in various industries such as plastics, rubber, textiles, and electronics.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is soluble in water, ethanol, and other organic solvents.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a type of organophosphate ester, which means that it is derived from the reaction between phosphoric acid and alcohol.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a versatile flame retardant that has several advantages compared to other types of flame retardants.
One of the main advantages of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is its high efficiency in reducing the flammability of materials.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a halogen-free flame retardant, which means that it does not contain any bromine or chlorine compounds that are known to be harmful to the environment and human health.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) works by forming a protective layer on the surface of the material, which prevents the spread of fire.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.
The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a light-colored, high-boiling, non-flammable viscous liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is generally used as a plasticizer in rubber and plastics, and aids in floor polish formation (as well as in other surface coatings),
leveling and improves gloss.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a clear, colorless liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphine oxide and thus very stable in nature.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has many applications including plasticizing agent in acrylic based polishes, defoamer agent in acrylics, “knockdown” defoamer in paint, textile and paper and as a halide free flame retardant in polymer systems.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organic flame retardant.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used to add flexibility in vinyl resins, other plastics, natural and synthetic rubbers, and floor finishes and waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a flame-retardant plasticizer.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is mainly used for flame-retardant and plasticizing of polyurethane resin, cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has good low-temperature characteristic.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be obtained by the reaction of the reaction of phosphorus oxychloride and 2-butoxyethanol .
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a flammable, hardly inflammable, colorless to yellowish liquid that is sparingly soluble in water.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as an organic flame retardant , as well as in floor care products, as a solvent in resins, as a viscosity modifier in plastisols and as a plasticizer in rubber stoppers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP)is mainly used as floor polishing agent and processing agent of water-based adhesive, flame retardant and plasticizer of acrylonitrile type rubber, cellulose acetate, epoxy resin, ethyecellulose, polyvinyl acetate, thermoplastic and thermosetting polyurethane.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used as defoamer in coating, detergent and textiles.

Moreover, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be also used in nitrocellulose, ethyecellulose and acrylic plastic plasticizer.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a chemical compound commonly used as a flame retardant and plasticizer in various industrial products.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is added to materials like plastics, rubber, and textiles to make them less flammable and more flexible.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can also be found in hydraulic fluids, lubricants, and as a solvent in certain chemical processes.
While it provides important functional properties to these products, concerns have been raised about its potential environmental and health impacts.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has been studied for its persistence in the environment and possible toxicity to aquatic organisms.

As a result, regulations and guidelines regarding its use and disposal may vary depending on the region.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used as a halogen free flame retardant additive in polymer systems.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used also in conjunction with other flame retardants.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a light-colored, high-boiling, non-flammable viscous liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is generally used as a plasticizer in rubber and plastics, and aids in floor polish formation (as well as in other surface coatings), leveling and improves gloss.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated rubber and nitriles.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also an alkyl phosphate flame retardant and has good heat stability.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used in applications needing low temperature flexibility such as a leveling agent for acrylic resin-based polishes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can also be used for emulsions of floor finishes, leveling agent in latex paint, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.
As a plasticizer, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) incorporates readily and is a non-reactive, medium viscosity liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is high solvency makes it a great product for natural and synthetic resins and compatible with waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used commercially in floor polishes, paper coatings and as an antifoaming agent in ore beneficiations.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also finds uses in vinyl plastics.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a clear, colorless liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphine oxide and thus very stable in nature.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has many applications including plasticizing agent in acrylic based polishes, defoamer agent in acrylics, “knockdown” defoamer in paint, textile and paper and as a halide free flame retardant in polymer systems.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for polymer dispersions and also improves wetting-levelling properties of drybright emulsions.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has a role as an environmental contaminant and a flame retardant.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a slightly yellow viscous liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organic flame retardant.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) shows PXR agonistic activity.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is its compatibility with various types of polymers and resins.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used in combination with other flame retardants to enhance its effectiveness.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also compatible with other additives such as plasticizers and stabilizers, which makes it a versatile ingredient in the production of various types of materials.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also known for its thermal stability and resistance to hydrolysis.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can withstand high temperatures without decomposing or releasing toxic gases.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also resistant to moisture and can maintain its effectiveness even in humid environments.
Organophosphates, such as Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP), are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides.
Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may react with oxidizers. .
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) acts as an additive flame retardant and plasticizer in plastics and synthetic rubbers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) appears as a colorless clear liquid having molecular weight of 398.47.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has a role as an environmental contaminant and a flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a slightly yellow viscous liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has been subject to regulatory scrutiny due to its potential environmental and health impacts, and its usage may be subject to restrictions in certain regions.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.
The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.

Tributoxyethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) shows PXR agonistic activity.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organic flame retardant.
It shows PXR agonistic activity.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry.

Melting point: -70°C
Boiling point: 215-228 °C4 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.006 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 13.7 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.03 mm Hg ( 150 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.438(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.:Store at -20°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless to very slightly yellow
Water Solubility: Soluble
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.75 at 20℃

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has a role as an environmental contaminant and a flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a slightly yellow viscous liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an alkyl phosphate flame retardant and plasticizer, specifically tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is recommended fo use as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber and for nitrile.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is often used as a leveling agent in floor polishes, as a leveling agent in paints, and as an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) exhibits low viscosity (12 cps).
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) contains 7.8% phosphorous.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated rubber and nitriles.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also an alkyl phosphate flame retardant and has good heat stability.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used in applications needing low temperature flexibility such as a leveling agent for acrylic resin-based polishes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can also be used for emulsions of floor finishes, leveling agent in latex paint, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.

As a plasticizer, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP), incorporates readily and is a non-reactive, medium viscosity liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP)s high solvency makes it a great product for natural and synthetic resins and compatible with waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used commercially in floor polishes, paper coatings and as an antifoaming agent in ore beneficiations.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also finds uses in vinyl plastics.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or repacking and at industrial sites.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.

The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is widely used in household materials such as plasticizer, floor polish and flame retardant in plastic resins and synthetic rubbers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP)-based is a plasticizer and defoamer.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also acts as a leveling agent for acrylic and styrenic floor polishes and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is valued for its effectiveness as a flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) works by reducing the flammability of materials, thereby slowing down or preventing the spread of fire.

In addition to its flame retardant properties, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) acts as a plasticizer, improving the flexibility and durability of various materials, particularly plastics and polymers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is commonly used in a wide range of industrial applications, including the production of automotive parts, electrical cables, construction materials, and textiles.
Due to concerns about its potential environmental persistence and toxicity, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has been subject to regulatory scrutiny in some regions.

Regulatory agencies may impose restrictions on its use or require labeling and handling precautions.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) provides important functional benefits, it is essential to handle it with care.
Occupational exposure should be minimized, and appropriate safety measures should be followed during handling, storage, and disposal.

In response to regulatory concerns and evolving industry standards, researchers and manufacturers are exploring alternative flame retardants and plasticizers that offer comparable performance while minimizing environmental and health risks.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is widely used as a flame retardant additive in plastics, textiles, and other materials.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) works by reducing the flammability of these materials, making them safer in applications where fire hazards are a concern.
In addition to its flame retardant properties, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also serves as a plasticizer, improving the flexibility and workability of polymers and plastics.

This makes it valuable in manufacturing processes where flexibility is desired.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) finds use in diverse industrial applications beyond flame retardancy and plasticization.
It is employed in products such as hydraulic fluids, lubricants, coatings, and adhesives.

Like many organophosphate compounds, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has raised environmental and health concerns.
Its persistence in the environment and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms have prompted regulatory scrutiny and efforts to find safer alternatives.
Regulations governing the use of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) vary by region.

In some jurisdictions, its use may be restricted or subject to specific labeling and handling requirements to minimize environmental and human health risks.
There is ongoing research into alternative flame retardants and plasticizers that offer comparable performance while addressing environmental and health concerns associated with TBEP and similar compounds.
Oral exposure to low-dose Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) levels equivalent to tolerable daily intake may exacerbate allergic pulmonary inflammation by promoting a skewed T-helper 2 cell response, upregulation of ERα and dysregulation of both MLN and BM microenvironments.

Uses:
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used also in mercerizing liquids, where it improves their wetting properties.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used as a heat-exchange medium.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Other release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use as processing aid and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be found in products with material based on: wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones) and paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper).

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the following products: plant protection products, hydraulic fluids, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, washing & cleaning products and polishes and waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the following products: polymers and textile treatment products and dyes.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials and formulation of mixtures.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the following products: polymers, textile treatment products and dyes and washing & cleaning products.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as processing aid and in processing aids at industrial sites.

One of the primary uses of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is as a flame retardant additive in various materials such as plastics, rubber, textiles, and coatings.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) reduces the flammability of these materials, making them less likely to catch fire or spread flames.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also acts as a plasticizer, improving the flexibility, durability, and workability of plastics and polymers.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps to enhance the processing properties of these materials during manufacturing.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is utilized as an additive in lubricants and hydraulic fluids to improve their lubricating properties and thermal stability.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps to reduce friction and wear in mechanical systems.

In some chemical processes, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) serves as a solvent or carrier for other substances.
It can facilitate the dissolution and dispersion of various compounds in solution.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is incorporated into coatings, sealants, and adhesives to improve their performance properties.

It can enhance adhesion, flexibility, and resistance to heat and chemicals.
In the textile industry, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may be used as a finishing agent to impart flame retardant properties to fabrics and garments.
It helps textiles meet flame resistance standards for safety applications.

Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) also helps to improve pigment wetting and rheological properties with a minimal effect on reflectance Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) is a highly effective "knockdown" defoamer used extensively in paint, textile and paper industries.
Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) is also used as a halogen free flame retardant additive in polymer systems. It can be used also in conjunction with other flame retardants.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as an additive flame retardant and plasticizer in plastics and synthetic rubbers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.
The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is commonly used in the production of polyurethane foam, PVC, and other types of plastics.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is effective in reducing the flammability of these materials and improving their fire safety.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a flame retardant for textiles such as curtains, upholstery, and carpets.
It can also be used in the production of flame-resistant clothing for firefighters and other workers in high-risk environments.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the production of electronic components such as circuit boards and cables.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps to reduce the risk of fire and improve the safety of electronic devices.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the production of rubber products such as tires, gaskets, and seals.
It can improve the fire safety of these products and reduce the risk of fire in industrial settings.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may be used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in herring gull eggs, house dust, and urine samples using liquid chromatography technique.
Primary plasticizer for most resins and elastomers, floor finishes and waxes, flame-retarding agent.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is commonly added to paints, coatings, and varnishes to improve their fire resistance and durability.

It helps these products adhere better to surfaces and provides a protective barrier against fire damage.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as an additive in adhesives and sealants to enhance their bonding strength and flexibility.
It helps prevent the material from becoming brittle over time and improves its resistance to fire.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is incorporated into the insulation of electrical wires and cables to reduce the risk of fire propagation in case of a short circuit or overheating.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps maintain the integrity of the insulation and prevents electrical fires.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is sometimes used in the production of polyurethane foam, particularly in applications where fire safety is a concern, such as upholstered furniture and mattresses.

It improves the foam's fire resistance without compromising its mechanical properties.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be added to rubber compounds to increase their flame retardancy and flexibility.
It is commonly used in the production of rubber goods such as gaskets, seals, and hoses for various industrial applications.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may be included in construction materials such as insulation boards, roofing materials, and sealants to meet fire safety standards and regulations.
It helps prevent the spread of fire in buildings and structures.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the manufacturing of automotive components, including dashboards, interior trims, and upholstery, to improve their fire resistance and durability.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps ensure compliance with automotive safety standards.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in some consumer products such as herbicides and water-thinned paints and tinting bases.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may be used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in herring gull eggs, house dust, and urine samples using liquid chromatography technique.
Primary plasticizer for most resins and elastomers, floor finishes and waxes, flame-retarding agent.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) forms stable hydrophobic complexes with some metals; these complexes are soluble in organic solvents as well as supercritical CO2.
The major uses of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid, brake fluid, and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare-earth metals from their ores.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) finds its use as a solvent in inks, synthetic resins, gums, adhesives (namely for veneer plywood), and herbicide and fungicide concentrates.

As Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has no odour is used as an anti-foaming agent in detergent solutions, and in various emulsions, paints, and adhesives.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also found as a de-foamer in ethylene glycol-borax antifreeze solutions.
In oil-based lubricants addition of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) increases the oil film strength.

Safety Profile:
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is considered persistent in the environment and may bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms.
It can pose risks to aquatic ecosystems and wildlife, particularly in areas where it is released into waterways or accumulates in sediment.

Despite being used as a flame retardant, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) itself is combustible.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may contribute to the spread of fire if not properly contained or managed, posing fire hazards in manufacturing facilities, storage areas, or during transportation.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact or inhalation of its vapors or aerosols.

Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to more severe health effects, including dermatitis, respiratory irritation, and allergic reactions.
While Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP)'s acute toxicity is relatively low, chronic exposure to high concentrations may pose health risks.
Animal studies suggest potential adverse effects on the liver, kidneys, and reproductive system, although more research is needed to fully understand its long-term toxicity in humans.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is slightly yellow, oily liquid. Insoluble or limited solubility in glycerol, glycols, and certain amines; soluble in most organic liquids.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organic flame retardant. It shows PXR agonistic activity.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry.

CAS Number: 78-51-3
Molecular Formula: C18H39O7P
Molecular Weight: 398.47
EINECS Number: 201-122-9

Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, 78-51-3, TBEP, Tributoxyethyl phosphate, TRI(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, Phosflex T-bep, Tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate, tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, KP 140, Kronitex KP-140, Tributyl cellosolve phosphate, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate (3:1), Tri(butoxyethyl) phosphate, Phosphoric acid, tributoxyethyl ester, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Tri(2-butoxyethanol)phosphate, NSC 4839, Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)fosfat, Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-butoxyethyl) Ester, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate, Tris(butoxyethyl)phosphate, Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, 1,1',1''-phosphate, DTXSID5021758, CHEBI:35038, RYA6940G86, tris[2-(butyloxy)ethyl] phosphate, NSC-4839, TBEP;KP 140;Hostaphat B 310, NSC-62228, Phosphoric acid, tri-(2-butoxyethyl) ester, Ethanol, phosphate (3:1), DTXCID201758, WLN: 4O2OPO&O2O4&O2O4, 2-Butoxyethanol, phosphate, CAS-78-51-3, Phosphoric acid, tri(butoxyethyl) ester, TBOEP, CCRIS 5942, Tri(2-butoxyethanol) phosphate, HSDB 2564, 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate (3:1), EINECS 201-122-9, Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)fosfat [Czech], Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate,C18H39O7P,78-51-3, BRN 1716010, tris-2-butoxyethyl phosphate, UNII-RYA6940G86, AI3-04596, Amgard TBEP, MFCD00009456, EC 201-122-9, NCIOpen2_007840, SCHEMBL37268, 4-01-00-02422 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Tri-(2-Butoxyethyl)phosphate, BIDD:ER0626, Tris(2-butyloxyethyl)phosphate, CHEMBL1534811, NSC4839, NSC62228, 2-Butoxy-ethanol phosphate (3:1), Tox21_201593, Tox21_302891, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, 94%, AKOS015839670, NCGC00091600-01, NCGC00091600-02, NCGC00091600-03, NCGC00256553-01, NCGC00259142-01, Tris(2-butoxyethyl)ester phosphoric acid, AS-59809, Phosphoric acid tris(2-n-butoxyethyl)ester, CS-0066127, NS00010389, P0683, Phosphoric acid tris(2-n-butoxyethyl) ester, TRI(2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE [HSDB], F71229, A915093, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, analytical standard, W-104277, Q27116378

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organic flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) shows PXR agonistic activity.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organophosphate flame retardant and used as a plasticizer in various household products such as plastics, floor polish, varnish, textiles, furniture, and electronic equipment.
Tributoxyethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organophosphate compound used primarily as a flame retardant and plasticizer in various industrial applications.
Its chemical formula is C18H39O7P, and its CAS number is 78-51-3.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is commonly utilized in the production of plastics, polymers, adhesives, and coatings to enhance their flexibility and flame resistance properties.

Additionally, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) finds application as a component in hydraulic fluids, lubricants, and as a solvent in some chemical processes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has been subject to regulatory scrutiny due to its potential environmental and health impacts, and its usage may be subject to restrictions in certain regions.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.
The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP), also known as TBEP, is a type of flame retardant that is commonly used in various industries such as plastics, rubber, textiles, and electronics.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is soluble in water, ethanol, and other organic solvents.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a type of organophosphate ester, which means that it is derived from the reaction between phosphoric acid and alcohol.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a versatile flame retardant that has several advantages compared to other types of flame retardants.
One of the main advantages of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is its high efficiency in reducing the flammability of materials.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a halogen-free flame retardant, which means that it does not contain any bromine or chlorine compounds that are known to be harmful to the environment and human health.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) works by forming a protective layer on the surface of the material, which prevents the spread of fire.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is its compatibility with various types of polymers and resins.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used in combination with other flame retardants to enhance its effectiveness.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also compatible with other additives such as plasticizers and stabilizers, which makes it a versatile ingredient in the production of various types of materials.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also known for its thermal stability and resistance to hydrolysis.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can withstand high temperatures without decomposing or releasing toxic gases.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also resistant to moisture and can maintain its effectiveness even in humid environments.
Organophosphates, such as Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP), are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides.
Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may react with oxidizers. .
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) acts as an additive flame retardant and plasticizer in plastics and synthetic rubbers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) appears as a colorless clear liquid having molecular weight of 398.47.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has a role as an environmental contaminant and a flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a slightly yellow viscous liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.
The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a light-colored, high-boiling, non-flammable viscous liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is generally used as a plasticizer in rubber and plastics, and aids in floor polish formation (as well as in other surface coatings),
leveling and improves gloss.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a clear, colorless liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphine oxide and thus very stable in nature.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has many applications including plasticizing agent in acrylic based polishes, defoamer agent in acrylics, “knockdown” defoamer in paint, textile and paper and as a halide free flame retardant in polymer systems.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organic flame retardant.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used to add flexibility in vinyl resins, other plastics, natural and synthetic rubbers, and floor finishes and waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a flame-retardant plasticizer.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is mainly used for flame-retardant and plasticizing of polyurethane resin, cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has good low-temperature characteristic.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be obtained by the reaction of the reaction of phosphorus oxychloride and 2-butoxyethanol .
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a flammable, hardly inflammable, colorless to yellowish liquid that is sparingly soluble in water.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as an organic flame retardant , as well as in floor care products, as a solvent in resins, as a viscosity modifier in plastisols and as a plasticizer in rubber stoppers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP)is mainly used as floor polishing agent and processing agent of water-based adhesive, flame retardant and plasticizer of acrylonitrile type rubber, cellulose acetate, epoxy resin, ethyecellulose, polyvinyl acetate, thermoplastic and thermosetting polyurethane.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used as defoamer in coating, detergent and textiles.

Moreover, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be also used in nitrocellulose, ethyecellulose and acrylic plastic plasticizer.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a chemical compound commonly used as a flame retardant and plasticizer in various industrial products.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is added to materials like plastics, rubber, and textiles to make them less flammable and more flexible.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can also be found in hydraulic fluids, lubricants, and as a solvent in certain chemical processes.
While it provides important functional properties to these products, concerns have been raised about its potential environmental and health impacts.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has been studied for its persistence in the environment and possible toxicity to aquatic organisms.

As a result, regulations and guidelines regarding its use and disposal may vary depending on the region.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used as a halogen free flame retardant additive in polymer systems.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used also in conjunction with other flame retardants.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a light-colored, high-boiling, non-flammable viscous liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is generally used as a plasticizer in rubber and plastics, and aids in floor polish formation (as well as in other surface coatings), leveling and improves gloss.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated rubber and nitriles.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also an alkyl phosphate flame retardant and has good heat stability.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used in applications needing low temperature flexibility such as a leveling agent for acrylic resin-based polishes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can also be used for emulsions of floor finishes, leveling agent in latex paint, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.
As a plasticizer, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) incorporates readily and is a non-reactive, medium viscosity liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is high solvency makes it a great product for natural and synthetic resins and compatible with waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used commercially in floor polishes, paper coatings and as an antifoaming agent in ore beneficiations.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also finds uses in vinyl plastics.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a clear, colorless liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphine oxide and thus very stable in nature.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has many applications including plasticizing agent in acrylic based polishes, defoamer agent in acrylics, “knockdown” defoamer in paint, textile and paper and as a halide free flame retardant in polymer systems.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for polymer dispersions and also improves wetting-levelling properties of drybright emulsions.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has a role as an environmental contaminant and a flame retardant.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a slightly yellow viscous liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an organic flame retardant.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) shows PXR agonistic activity.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry.

Melting point: -70°C
Boiling point: 215-228 °C4 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.006 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 13.7 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.03 mm Hg ( 150 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.438(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.:Store at -20°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless to very slightly yellow
Water Solubility: Soluble
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.75 at 20℃

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is widely used as a flame retardant additive in plastics, textiles, and other materials.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) works by reducing the flammability of these materials, making them safer in applications where fire hazards are a concern.
In addition to its flame retardant properties, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also serves as a plasticizer, improving the flexibility and workability of polymers and plastics.

This makes it valuable in manufacturing processes where flexibility is desired.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) finds use in diverse industrial applications beyond flame retardancy and plasticization.
It is employed in products such as hydraulic fluids, lubricants, coatings, and adhesives.

Like many organophosphate compounds, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has raised environmental and health concerns.
Its persistence in the environment and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms have prompted regulatory scrutiny and efforts to find safer alternatives.
Regulations governing the use of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) vary by region.

In some jurisdictions, its use may be restricted or subject to specific labeling and handling requirements to minimize environmental and human health risks.
There is ongoing research into alternative flame retardants and plasticizers that offer comparable performance while addressing environmental and health concerns associated with TBEP and similar compounds.
Oral exposure to low-dose Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) levels equivalent to tolerable daily intake may exacerbate allergic pulmonary inflammation by promoting a skewed T-helper 2 cell response, upregulation of ERα and dysregulation of both MLN and BM microenvironments.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has a role as an environmental contaminant and a flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a slightly yellow viscous liquid.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is an alkyl phosphate flame retardant and plasticizer, specifically tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is recommended fo use as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber and for nitrile.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is often used as a leveling agent in floor polishes, as a leveling agent in paints, and as an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) exhibits low viscosity (12 cps).
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) contains 7.8% phosphorous.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated rubber and nitriles.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also an alkyl phosphate flame retardant and has good heat stability.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used in applications needing low temperature flexibility such as a leveling agent for acrylic resin-based polishes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can also be used for emulsions of floor finishes, leveling agent in latex paint, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.

As a plasticizer, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP), incorporates readily and is a non-reactive, medium viscosity liquid.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP)s high solvency makes it a great product for natural and synthetic resins and compatible with waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used commercially in floor polishes, paper coatings and as an antifoaming agent in ore beneficiations.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also finds uses in vinyl plastics.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or repacking and at industrial sites.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.

The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is widely used in household materials such as plasticizer, floor polish and flame retardant in plastic resins and synthetic rubbers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP)-based is a plasticizer and defoamer.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also acts as a leveling agent for acrylic and styrenic floor polishes and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is valued for its effectiveness as a flame retardant.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) works by reducing the flammability of materials, thereby slowing down or preventing the spread of fire.
In addition to its flame retardant properties, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) acts as a plasticizer, improving the flexibility and durability of various materials, particularly plastics and polymers.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is commonly used in a wide range of industrial applications, including the production of automotive parts, electrical cables, construction materials, and textiles.
Due to concerns about its potential environmental persistence and toxicity, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has been subject to regulatory scrutiny in some regions.
Regulatory agencies may impose restrictions on its use or require labeling and handling precautions.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) provides important functional benefits, it is essential to handle it with care.
Occupational exposure should be minimized, and appropriate safety measures should be followed during handling, storage, and disposal.
In response to regulatory concerns and evolving industry standards, researchers and manufacturers are exploring alternative flame retardants and plasticizers that offer comparable performance while minimizing environmental and health risks.

Uses Of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP):
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may be used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in herring gull eggs, house dust, and urine samples using liquid chromatography technique.
Primary plasticizer for most resins and elastomers, floor finishes and waxes, flame-retarding agent.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) forms stable hydrophobic complexes with some metals; these complexes are soluble in organic solvents as well as supercritical CO2.
The major uses of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid, brake fluid, and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare-earth metals from their ores.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) finds its use as a solvent in inks, synthetic resins, gums, adhesives (namely for veneer plywood), and herbicide and fungicide concentrates.

As Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has no odour is used as an anti-foaming agent in detergent solutions, and in various emulsions, paints, and adhesives.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also found as a de-foamer in ethylene glycol-borax antifreeze solutions.
In oil-based lubricants addition of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) increases the oil film strength.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used also in mercerizing liquids, where it improves their wetting properties.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be used as a heat-exchange medium.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in some consumer products such as herbicides and water-thinned paints and tinting bases.

Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Other release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use as processing aid and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be found in products with material based on: wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones) and paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper).
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the following products: plant protection products, hydraulic fluids, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, washing & cleaning products and polishes and waxes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the following products: polymers and textile treatment products and dyes.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials and formulation of mixtures.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the following products: polymers, textile treatment products and dyes and washing & cleaning products.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as processing aid and in processing aids at industrial sites.

One of the primary uses of Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is as a flame retardant additive in various materials such as plastics, rubber, textiles, and coatings.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) reduces the flammability of these materials, making them less likely to catch fire or spread flames.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) also acts as a plasticizer, improving the flexibility, durability, and workability of plastics and polymers.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps to enhance the processing properties of these materials during manufacturing.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is utilized as an additive in lubricants and hydraulic fluids to improve their lubricating properties and thermal stability.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps to reduce friction and wear in mechanical systems.

In some chemical processes, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) serves as a solvent or carrier for other substances.
It can facilitate the dissolution and dispersion of various compounds in solution.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is incorporated into coatings, sealants, and adhesives to improve their performance properties.

It can enhance adhesion, flexibility, and resistance to heat and chemicals.
In the textile industry, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may be used as a finishing agent to impart flame retardant properties to fabrics and garments.
It helps textiles meet flame resistance standards for safety applications.

Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) also helps to improve pigment wetting and rheological properties with a minimal effect on reflectance Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) is a highly effective "knockdown" defoamer used extensively in paint, textile and paper industries.
Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) is also used as a halogen free flame retardant additive in polymer systems. It can be used also in conjunction with other flame retardants.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as an additive flame retardant and plasticizer in plastics and synthetic rubbers.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.
The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is commonly used in the production of polyurethane foam, PVC, and other types of plastics.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is effective in reducing the flammability of these materials and improving their fire safety.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a flame retardant for textiles such as curtains, upholstery, and carpets.
It can also be used in the production of flame-resistant clothing for firefighters and other workers in high-risk environments.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the production of electronic components such as circuit boards and cables.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps to reduce the risk of fire and improve the safety of electronic devices.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the production of rubber products such as tires, gaskets, and seals.
It can improve the fire safety of these products and reduce the risk of fire in industrial settings.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may be used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in herring gull eggs, house dust, and urine samples using liquid chromatography technique.
Primary plasticizer for most resins and elastomers, floor finishes and waxes, flame-retarding agent.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is commonly added to paints, coatings, and varnishes to improve their fire resistance and durability.

It helps these products adhere better to surfaces and provides a protective barrier against fire damage.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used as an additive in adhesives and sealants to enhance their bonding strength and flexibility.
It helps prevent the material from becoming brittle over time and improves its resistance to fire.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is incorporated into the insulation of electrical wires and cables to reduce the risk of fire propagation in case of a short circuit or overheating.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps maintain the integrity of the insulation and prevents electrical fires.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is sometimes used in the production of polyurethane foam, particularly in applications where fire safety is a concern, such as upholstered furniture and mattresses.

It improves the foam's fire resistance without compromising its mechanical properties.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) can be added to rubber compounds to increase their flame retardancy and flexibility.
It is commonly used in the production of rubber goods such as gaskets, seals, and hoses for various industrial applications.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may be included in construction materials such as insulation boards, roofing materials, and sealants to meet fire safety standards and regulations.
It helps prevent the spread of fire in buildings and structures.

Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is used in the manufacturing of automotive components, including dashboards, interior trims, and upholstery, to improve their fire resistance and durability.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) helps ensure compliance with automotive safety standards.

Safety Profile:
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact or inhalation of its vapors or aerosols.
Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to more severe health effects, including dermatitis, respiratory irritation, and allergic reactions.
While Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP)'s acute toxicity is relatively low, chronic exposure to high concentrations may pose health risks.

Animal studies suggest potential adverse effects on the liver, kidneys, and reproductive system, although more research is needed to fully understand its long-term toxicity in humans.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) is considered persistent in the environment and may bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms.
It can pose risks to aquatic ecosystems and wildlife, particularly in areas where it is released into waterways or accumulates in sediment.

Despite being used as a flame retardant, Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) itself is combustible.
Tris(2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate (TBEP) may contribute to the spread of fire if not properly contained or managed, posing fire hazards in manufacturing facilities, storage areas, or during transportation.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has excellent flame retardance, cold resistance, and UV resistance.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is an odorless clear liquid.

CAS Number: 115-96-8
EC Number: 204-118-5
MDL number: MFCD00000967
Chemical formula: C6H12Cl3O4P
Molecular Formula: C6H12Cl3O4P / (ClCH2CH2O)3PO

SYNONYMS:
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, 115-96-8, Tri(beta-chloroethyl) phosphate, Tris(2-chloroethyl) orthophosphate, TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE, Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, Celluflex, Fyrol CEF, Disflamoll TCA, Celluflex CEF, Tris(chloroethyl) phosphate, Niax 3CF, Tris(chloroethyl)phosphate, Trichlorethyl phosphate, 2-Chloroethanol phosphate, TRI(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE, Niax Flame Retardant 3CF, Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1), Ethanol, 2-chloro-, 1,1',1''-phosphate, Tris(beta-chloroethyl) phosphate, NCI-C60128, Tris-(2-chlorethyl)fosfat, NSC 3213, DTXSID5021411, Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-chloroethyl) Ester, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-chloroethyl)ester, Tri(.beta.-chloroethyl) phosphate, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-chloroethyl) ester, 68411-66-5, CHEBI:35037, 32IVO568B0, Tris(.beta.-chloroethyl) phosphate, NSC-3213, 29716-44-7, Genomoll P, 3CF, Antiblaze 100, DTXCID601411, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane, Fyrol CF, Tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, C6H12Cl3O4P, CAS-115-96-8, Tri-beta-chloroethyl phosphate, CCRIS 1302, HSDB 2577, Tris-(2-chlorethyl)fosfat [Czech], EINECS 204-118-5, Tris-(2-chloroethyl)fosfat [Czech], Tris-(2-chloroethyl)fosfat, BRN 1710938, UNII-32IVO568B0, AI3-15023, Tris(|A-chloroethyl) phosphate, 2-Chloro-ethanol phosphate (3:1), EINECS 249-806-6, EC 204-118-5, SCHEMBL26896, Tris(-chloroethyl) phosphate, 4-01-00-01379 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), MLS001056210, BIDD, , tris(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate, tri-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, CHEMBL1413786, Tri-.beta.-chloroethyl phosphate, WLN: G2OPO & O2GO2G, NSC3213, EINECS 270-139-1, Tox21_201254, Tox21_300074, MFCD00000967, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, 97%, AKOS009029110, NCGC00091566-01, NCGC00091566-02, NCGC00091566-03, NCGC00254139-01, NCGC00258806-01, Phosphoric acid, tri-2-chloroethyl ester, SMR001216601, CS-0030742, NS00010387, P0268, T3447, EN300-19161, TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE [HSDB], TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE [IARC], Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, analytical standard, J-003352, Q1670500, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), InChI=1/C6H12Cl3O4P/c7-1-4-11-14(10,12-5-2-8)13-6-3-9/h1-6H, Phosphoric acid tris(2-chloroethyl) ester, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-chloroethyl)ester, Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, Tris(2-chloroethyl) orthophosphate, Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphic acid, Tris(beta-chloroethyl) phosphate, Tris(chloroethyl)phosphate, Tris(β-chloroethyl) phosphate; TCEP; tris(1-chloroethyl) phosphate, TCEP, TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)PHOSPHATE, tris(chloroethyl)phosphate, Tris(chloroethyl) phosphate, TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)PHOSPHATE 97%, Phosphorsuretris-(2-chlorethyl)-ester, 3CF, niax3cf, Fyrol CF, fyrolcef, 2-Chloroethanol phosphate, Tris(β-chloroethyl) phosphate, Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, Tris(2-chloroethyl) orthophosphate, TCEP, Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1), Celluflex CEF, Disflamoll TCA, Fyrol CEF, Niax Flame Retardant 3CF, Niax 3CF, Tri(β-chloroethyl) phosphate, Trichloroethyl phosphate, Tris(β-chloroethyl) phosphate, Tris(chloroethyl) phosphate, Tris(2-chloroethyl) orthophosphate, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, 3CF, Celluflex, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-chloroethyl) ester, Trichlorethyl phosphate, 2-Chloroethanol phosphate, NCI-C60128, Tris-(2-chlorethyl)fosfat, 2-Chloro-ethanol phosphate (3:1), Fyrol CF, Genomoll P, TCEP, Phosphoric acid, tri-2-chloroethyl ester, NSC 3213

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a clear transparent liquid with a very slight odor. Insoluble in water.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has excellent flame retardance, cold resistance, and UV resistance.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a chemical compound used as a flame retardant, plasticizer, and viscosity regulator in various types of polymers including polyurethanes, polyester resins, and polyacrylates.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as trialkyl phosphates.
These are organic compounds containing a phosphate group that is linked to exactly three alkyl chains.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has excellent flame retartance, cold resistance and UV resistance.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is an organophosphate triester compound used in solid-phase microextractions
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a chemical compound used as a flame retardant, plasticizer, and viscosity regulator in various types of polymers including polyurethanes, polyester resins, and polyacrylates.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is registered under the REACH Regulation but is not currently being manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is an odorless clear liquid.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a trialkyl phosphate that is the tris(2-chloroethyl) ester of phosphoric acid.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a trialkyl phosphate and an organochlorine compound.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a chemical compound used as a flame retardant, plasticizer, and viscosity regulator in various types of polymers including polyurethanes, polyester resins, and polyacrylates.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has been added to polyurethane foams and plastics in:
*Certain children’s products with foam padding, such as some crib bumpers, sleep mats, changing table pads, and portable mattresses.
*Some motor vehicles, furniture, building insulation, back-coatings of carpets and upholstery, and electronic and electrical devices.

Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1), also known as Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), is an industrial chemical.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a colorless or light yellow oily liquid with a light cream odor.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in alcohols, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbon, but insoluble in an aliphatic hydrocarbon.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is also called petroleum additive and an extractant of rare-earth elements.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a clear, transparent liquid. Slightly water soluble.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a human urinary organophosphate flame retardant metabolite.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a trialkyl phosphate that is the tris(2-chloroethyl) ester of phosphoric acid.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a odorless clear liquid. Neutral pH.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong bases.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a colorless or light yellow oily transparent liquid with light cream taste.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is miscible with ordinary organic solvents, but insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons, and has good hydrolysis stability.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a flame retardant.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a halogenated phosphate ester flame retardant and plasticizer, commonly used in flame retardant paints with nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate as substrates, unsaturated polyesters, polyurethanes, acrylates, phenolic resins, etc.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can be used as a soft plasticized flame retardant for PVC.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is widely used in chemical and blended fabrics and cellulose acetate as fire retardant.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is an organophosphate triester compound used in solid-phase microextractions
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has been widely used as a plasticizer and flame retardant.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) as a potential carcinogen is often detected in the occupational and nature environments
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is used as additive type halogenated phosphate ester flame retardant and plasticizer, commonly used in flame retardant paints with nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate as substrates, unsaturated polyesters, polyurethanes, acrylates, phenolic resins, etc.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can be used as a soft plasticized flame retardant for PVC.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is widely used in cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, phenolic resins, and other synthetic materials.

In addition to its flame retardant properties, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) also can improve the material's water resistance, cold resistance, antistatic property and softness.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is widely used in chemical and blended fabrics and cellulose acetate is a fire retardant.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses) and at industrial sites.
Other release to the environment of Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material) and metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery).
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is used in the following products: coating products.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is used in the following areas: offshore mining and building & construction work.
Other release to the environment of Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is likely to occur from: outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is used in the following products: coating products.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is used in the following areas: offshore mining and building & construction work.
Release to the environment of Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a chemical compound used as a flame retardant, plasticizer, and viscosity regulator in various types of polymers including polyurethanes, polyester resins, and polyacrylates.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is the excellent flame retardant of synthetic materials, it can be widely used in polyurethane foam, polyolefin resin, polyester resin, phenolic resin and cellulose acetate, which can make the product with self extinguishing.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) also can be used as the main flame retardant material for the production of flame retardant cable, tarpaulin, flame retardant rubber conveying belt and flame sponge composite.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is mainly used in flame retardant of PVC, polyvinyl acetate, phenolic resin, polyurethane, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, ethyecellulos.

Moreover, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can also be used in processing modifier of metal extractant, lubricating oil, gasoline additive and polyimide.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is used as a plasticizer and viscosity regulator with flame retardant properties in polyurethanes, polyester resins, polyacrylates, and other polymers.

These polymers may be used in furniture, building (for example, roofing insulation) and textile industries (for example, back-coatings for carpets and upholstery).
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) may also be used in electronic products and in the manufacture of cars.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is not manufactured, but is imported into Canada.
Due to the good plasticization, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is widely used in cellulose acetate, polyvinyl acetate, nitrocellulose lacquer, ethyl cellulose, PVC, polyurethane, and phenolic resin, which all have a self-extinguish ability.
With the addition of Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), their physical properties are improved and tactilities feel soft.

Moreover, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a main flame-retardant material to produce polyurethane for flame-retardant cables, anti-corrosion tarpaulin, and flame-retardant rubber converter belts.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is mainly used for flame-retardant polyurethane foam and flame-retardant plasticization of PVC.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is widely used in chemical fiber fabrics and cellulose acetate as flame retardants.
In addition to self-extinguishing, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can also improve water resistance, cold resistance and antistatic properties.
The general dosage of Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is 5-10 parts.

Flame retardants, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is commonly used in lithium batteries.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can also be used as metal extractant, lubricant and gasoline additives, and polyimide processing modifier.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is widely used in polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane soft and rigid foam, cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose paint, ethyl cellulose paint and flame retardant rubber conveyor belt.

The obtained products have self-extinguishing properties and can improve water resistance.
Weather resistance, cold resistance, antistatic property, soft hand feel, the general addition amount is 5-10 parts, and the oxygen index (OI) of polyurethane rigid foam can reach 26.

In addition, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can also be used as extreme pressure additive for lubricating oil, gasoline additive and thermal coolant of metal magnesium, etc.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is an excellent flame retardant of synthetic materials, and has a good plasticizer effect.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is widely used in cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose varnish, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, phenolic resin.
In addition to self extinguishing, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can also improve the physical properties of the product.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) feels soft, and can also be used as a petroleum additive and an extractant of olefinic elements, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is also the main flame retardant material for manufacturing flame retardant cable three proof tarpaulin and flame retardant rubber conveyor belt, with the general addition amount of 10-15%.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is used as the flame retardant agent in polyurethane, plastics, polyester, textiles.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has excellent flame retarding properties because of the phosphorus and chlorine content.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) was used in dynamic air sampling of airborne organophosphate triesters using a solid-phase microextraction device.

CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is colorless or light yellow oily liquid, with sour cream smell, soluble with organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, chloroform and catalyst, insoluble with aliphatic hydroxyl, almost insoluble in water. It have good hydrolytic stability, it will decompose a little in sodium hydroxide solution.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has excellent UV stability and low temperature performance.

PROPERTIES OF TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is an organophosphorus flame retardant halogen compound.
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is not soluble in water, can dissolve in ethanol, acetone, esters, aromatics, chloroform and other organic solvents.

HOW DOES EXPOSURE TO TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP) OCCUR?
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) can be gradually released from products treated with TCEP into indoor environments, including houses, schools, day care centers, offices, and cars.
Once Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is released from products, it is present on floors, furniture, and other surfaces, and in air and dust.
During pregnancy, TCEP can pass from mother to baby.

COMPOUND TYPE OF TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
*Ester
*Industrial/Workplace Toxin
*Organic Compound
*Organochloride
*Plasticizer
*Synthetic Compound

ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
*Organooxygen compounds
*Organochlorides
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Alkyl chlorides

SUBSTITUENTS OF TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
*Trialkyl phosphate
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Organochloride
*Organohalogen compound
*Alkyl halide
*Alkyl chloride
*Aliphatic acyclic compound

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
Chemical Formula: C₆H₁₂Cl₃O₄P
Molar Mass: 285.48 g/mol
Molecular Weight: 285.5 g/mol
Exact Mass: 283.953879 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 283.953879 g/mol
Physical Properties
Density: 1.39 g/mL
Boiling Point: 192 °C (378 °F; 465 K) at 10 mmHg
Topological Polar Surface Area (PSA): 44.8 Å²
Chemical Properties
XLogP3-AA: 1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4

Rotatable Bond Count: 9
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Complexity: 152
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Stereochemistry
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Physical State: Clear liquid

Color: Colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting Point/Freezing Point: Approximately -60 °C (ASTM D 97-66)
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: 192 °C at 13 hPa
Flash Point: 232 °C (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature: No data available
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity: 38-42 mPa·s (dynamic) at 25 °C
Water Solubility: 7.943 g/L at 20 °C (soluble)
Partition Coefficient (log Pow): 1.7 at 20 °C
Vapor Pressure: < 13 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1.39 g/cm³ at 25 °C
Refractive Index (nD25): 1.470-1.479

Chemical Properties
Acidity (mg KOH/g): ≤0.1
Moisture Content: ≤0.1%
Phosphorus Content: 10.65-10.9%
Chlorine Content: 36.5-37.5%
Color (APHA): ≤50
Additional Information
Flammability (Solid, Gas): No data available
Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits: No data available
Relative Density: No data available
Relative Vapor Density: No data available
Particle Characteristics: No data available

Explosive Properties: No data available
Oxidizing Properties: None
Other Safety Information: No data available
Appearance: Colorless to yellowish transparent liquid
Specific Gravity (20°C): 1.41-1.43
Melting Point: -51 °C
Boiling Point: 192 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.39 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor Pressure: Refractive Index (nD20): 1.472 (lit.)
Flash Point: 450 °F (approximately 232 °C)

Storage Temperature: 2-8 °C
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless
Viscosity (25°C): 38-42 mPa·s (dynamic)
Water Content: ≤0.3%
Chemical Properties
Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₂Cl₃O₄P
Molecular Weight: 285.49 g/mol
Acid Content: ≤0.1 mg KOH/g
Water Solubility: 7.82 g/L at 20 °C
LogP: 1.7 at 20 °C
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents.
Color Value: 50 max

Safety and Regulatory Information
InChIKey: HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
CAS Number: 115-96-8
FDA UNII: 32IVO568B0
Proposition 65 List: Tris(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate
IARC Classification: 3 (Vol. 48, 71) 1999
NIST Chemistry Reference: Phosphoric acid, tri-2-chloroethyl ester (115-96-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (115-96-8)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
Additional Information

Acidity (mg KOH/g): 0.2 max
Flash Point (°C): 220 min
Phosphorus Content: 10.7-10.8%
Specific Gravity (20°C): 1.420-1.440
Appearance: Colorless or light yellow oily transparent liquid
Physical State: Liquid
Density: 1.39 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Refractive Index (nD20): 1.4731
Boiling Point: 194 °C
Flash Point: 225 °C
Freezing Point: -64 °C
Decomposition Temperature: 240-280 °C
Viscosity: 38-47 cP (20 °C)

Storage: Store at room temperature
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula: C₆H₁₂Cl₃O₄P
Average Molecular Mass: 285.490 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 283.954 g/mol
Phosphorus Content: 10.8%
Chlorine Content: 37.3%
SMILES: ClCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl
IUPAC Name: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate
Traditional Name: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C6H12Cl3O4P/c7-1-4-11-14(10,12-5-2-8)13-6-3-9/h1-6H2
InChI Key: HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place. Keep locked up or in an area accessible only
to qualified or authorized persons.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (TCEP):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Trioctyl phosphate; Triethylhexyl phosphate; Phosphoric acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester; TOF; 2-Ethylhexanol, phosphate Triester; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol phosphate; Tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate; Tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphat (German); Fosfato de tris(2-etilhexilo) (Spanish); Phosphate de tris(2-éthylhexyle) (French); cas no: 78-42-2

Clear colorless viscous liquid.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP), mixture of isomers is suitable for use in environmental and food residue analysis.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is a mixture of isomers, composition may vary, typical composition: main isomer tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate 66%, minor components: bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) (2-chloropropyl) phosphate and (1-chloro-2-propyl) bis(2-chloropropyl) phosphate.

CAS: 13674-84-5
MF: C9H18Cl3O4P
MW: 327.57
EINECS: 237-158-7

Synonyms
Phosphoric acid tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ester;TRIS(1-CHLORO-2-PROPYL) PHOSPHATE;TRIS(1-CHLOROPROPYL)PHOSPHATE;TRIS(2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL) PHOSPHATE;TRIS(CHLOROISOPROPYL)PHOSPHATE;TRIS(MONOCHLOROPROPYL) PHOSPHATE;tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate;TcppTris(1-Chloro-2-Propyl)Phosphate];13674-84-5;Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate;tris(1-chloropropan-2-yl) phosphate;Amgard TMCP;TRIS(2-CHLOROISOPROPYL)PHOSPHATE;Tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate;Hostaflam OP 820;Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate;2-Propanol, 1-chloro-, phosphate (3:1);TRIS(2-CHLOROISOPROPYL) PHOSPHATE;2-Propanol, 1-chloro-, 2,2',2''-phosphate;Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, tech grade;CRT22GFY70;Phosphoric acid, tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ester;DTXSID5026259;Tris(1-chloro-2-propanyl) phosphate;DTXCID106259;CCRIS 6111;Tri-(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate;Phosphoric acid tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ester;EINECS 237-158-7;C9H18Cl3O4P;TCPP phosphate cpd;CAS-13674-84-5;BRN 1842347;TCIPP;UNII-CRT22GFY70;TCPP, Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate;HSDB 8112;tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)phosphate;Flame retardant TCPP;LEVAGARD PP;TOLGARD TMCP;EC 237-158-7;SCHEMBL35713;tris(chloroisopropyl) phosphate;CHEMBL3188873;CHEBI:143728;Tox21_202982;Tox21_303533;tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ester;MFCD00040408;AKOS015899872;NCGC00257407-01;NCGC00260528-01;Tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate (TCPP);J50.405J;CS-0059312;FT-0689156;NS00009572;TRIS(.BETA.-CHLOROISOPROPYL) PHOSPHATE;TRIS(1-METHYL-2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE;Flame retardant Tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate;A886642;Phosphoric acid tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ester;Q-201899;Q2454095;PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIS(1-CHLOROPROPANE-2-YL) ESTER;98112-32-4

Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is a trialkyl phosphate.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP)is a chlorinated organophosphate.
Organophosphate chemicals have a wide variety of applications and are used as flame retardants, pesticides, plasticizers, and nerve gases.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is structurally similar to several other organophosphate flame retardants, such as tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris(chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP).
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) and these other chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants are all sometimes referred to as "chlorinated tris".

Presence in the environment
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is an additive flame retardant, meaning that it is not chemically bonded to treated materials.
Additive flame retardants are thought to be more likely to be released into the surrounding environment during the lifetime of the product than chemically bonded, or reactive, flame retardants.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) degrades slowly in the environment and is not readily removed by waste water treatment processes.

Indoors
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) has been detected in indoor dust, although concentrations vary widely.
A study of house dust in the U.S. found that over 96% of samples collected between 2002 and 2007 contained Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) at an average concentration of over 1.8 ppm, while the highest was over 56 ppm. TDCPP was also detected in 99% of dust samples collected in 2009 in the Boston area from offices, homes, and vehicles.
The second study found an average concentration similar to that of the previous study but a greater range of concentrations: one sample collected from a vehicle contained over 300 ppm Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) in the dust.
Similar concentrations have been reported for dust samples collected in Europe and Japan.

Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) has also been measured in indoor air samples.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP)'s detection in air samples, however, is less frequent and generally at lower concentrations than other organophosphate flame retardants such as TCEP and TCPP, likely due to its lower vapor pressure.

Outdoors
Although Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is generally found at the highest concentrations in enclosed environments, such as homes and vehicles, it is widespread in the environment.
Diverse environmental samples, ranging from surface water to wildlife tissues, have been found to contain Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP).
The highest levels of contamination are generally near urban impacted areas; however, samples from even relatively remote reference sites have contained TDCPP.

Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -39.9°C
Boiling point: 270°C
Density: 1.28
Refractive index: 1.460～1.466 (20℃/D)
Fp: -218 °C
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: liquid
Color: Clear Colourless
Odor: mild odor
Water Solubility: BRN: 1842347
Stability: Moisture Sensitive
InChIKey: KVMPUXDNESXNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 13674-84-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) (3:1)(13674-84-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) (13674-84-5)

Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is clear colorless oily liquid with high water solubility and low lipophilicity (as indicated by logKOW).
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) ismanufactured as a reactionmixture, which contains four isomers.

Uses
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is a flame retardant of low hydrolytic stability, used in polyurethane (PU) rigid and flexible foam, PVC, EVA, phenolics and epoxy resin.

Flame retardant
Until the late 1970s, Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) was used as a flame retardant in children’s pajamas in compliance with the U.S. Flammable Fabrics Act of 1953.
This use was discontinued after children wearing fabrics treated with a very similar compound, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, were found to have mutagenic byproducts in their urine.

Following the 2005 phase-out of PentaBDE in the United States, Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) became one of the primary flame retardants used in flexible polyurethane foam used in a wide variety of consumer products, including automobiles, upholstered furniture, and some baby products.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) can also be used in rigid polyurethane foam boards used for building insulation.
In 2011 Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) was reported that TDCPP was found in about a third of tested baby products.
Some fabrics used in camping equipment are also treated with Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) to meet CPAI-84, a standard established by the Industrial Fabrics Association International to evaluate the flame resistance of fabrics and other materials used in tents.
Current total production of Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is not well known. In 1998, 2002, and 2006, production in the United States was estimated to be between 4,500 and 22,700 metric tons, and thus Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is classified as a high production volume chemical.

Toxicology
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is considered a suspected carcinogenic, suspected reprotoxic, and suspected PBT (persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic) and is a potential endocrine disruptor (ECHA, 2019).
Thus, the presence of Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) in the receiving water can affect aquatic organisms and potentially affect human health.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is probably combustible.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) may hydrolyze under acidic or alkaline conditions.

Human exposure
Humans are thought to be exposed to Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) and other flame retardants through several routes, including inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact with treated materials.
Rodent studies show that Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) is readily absorbed through the skin and gastrointestinal tract.
Infants and young children are expected to have the highest exposure to Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) and other indoor contaminants for several reasons.
Compared to adults, children spend more time indoors and closer to the floor, where they are exposed to higher amounts of dust particles.
In addition, they frequently put their hands and other objects into their mouths without washing.

Several studies show that Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) can accumulate in human tissues.
Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate ( TCPP) has been detected in semen, fat, and breast milk, and the metabolite bis (1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate (BDCPP) has been detected in urine.

DESCRIPTION:
Tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate is a clear colorless to pale yellow liquid with a slight sharp odor.
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate.
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate is used as a phosphorous flame retardant.

CAS: 78-42-2
European Community (EC) Number: 201-116-6
IUPAC Name: tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
Molecular Formula: C24H51O4P

USES OF TRIS (2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHOSPHATE:
Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) has been widely used as a plasticizer, fire retardant and solvent.
As a plasticizer, Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate is used as a component of vinyl stabilizers, grease additives and flame-proofing compositions for vinyl plastic and synthetic rubber compounds.
As a fire retardant, Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate is used in consumer products, such as clothing.

As a solvent, Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate is used as a co-solvent to produce hydrogen peroxide.
The world production of Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate was estimated to be between 1000 to 5000 tons per year
Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with TEHP at workplaces
The general population may be exposed to Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate via ingestion of contaminated food and drinking water or via dermal contact with Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate -treated clothing.

Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate is used as a phosphorous flame retardant.
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate is Used as a plasticizer in the preparation of a new potentiometric membrane sensor.

APPLICATIONS OF TRIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHOSPHATE:
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate is a phosphate plasticizer offering excellent low temperatures properties as well as good resistance to weathering.
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate is suitable for use in many types of polymers including flexible PVC, PUR, NBR, SBR and EPDM.

Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate is a strong, moderately polar solvent.
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate is also used as a solvent in the production of hydrogen peroxide, as a carrier for pigments in the manufacture of pigment pastes for plastics and as an additive for mineral oils.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHOSPHATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHOSPHATE:
Molecular Weight: 434.6 g/mol
XLogP3-AA 8.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Rotatable Bond Count 21
Exact Mass 434.35249710 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 434.35249710 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 44.8Å²
Heavy Atom Count 29
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 345
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 3
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
vapor pressure: 2.1 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Quality Level: 200
Assay: 97%
refractive index: n20/D 1.444 (lit.)
bp: 215 °C/4 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.92 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
CAS number 78-42-2
EC number 201-116-6
Hill Formula C₂₄H₅₁O₄P
Chemical formula [CH₃(CH₂)₃CH(C₂H₅)CH₂O]₃PO
Molar Mass 434.63 g/mol
HS Code 2919 90 00
Boiling point 210 °C (5 hPa) decomposes
Density 0.92 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point 170 °C
Ignition temperature 370 °C
Melting Point pH value 7 (H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure Solubility Chemical Formula:
C24H51O4P
Flash Point: 305°F (NTP, 1992)
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): data unavailable
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): data unavailable
Autoignition Temperature: 698°F (NTP, 1992)
Melting Point: -94°F (NTP, 1992)
Vapor Pressure: 1.9 mmHg at 392°F (NTP, 1992)
Vapor Density (Relative to Air): 14.95 (NTP, 1992)
Specific Gravity: 0.9262 at 68°F (NTP, 1992)
Boiling Point: 374 to 451°F at 760 mmHg (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)
Molecular Weight: 434.65 (NTP, 1992)
Water Solubility: less than 1 mg/mL at 64°F
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.92400 @ 25.00 °C.
Flash Point: > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
Soluble in:
water, 0.6 mg/L @ 24C (exp)
water, 1.461e-005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

SYNONYMS OF TRIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHOSPHATE:
2-ethyl-1-hexanol phosphate
tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
78-42-2
Tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Disflamoll TOF
Kronitex TOF
Phosphoric acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester
Flexol TOF
Flexol plasticizer TOF
Tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol phosphate
Tris(ethylhexyl) phosphate
Tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, phosphate
NCI-C54751
TEHP
Phosphoric acid, tris(ethylhexyl) ester
Tri(ethylhexyl) phosphate
2-Ethylhexanol, phosphate triester
Tris-(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat
NSC 407921
BQC0BKB72S
TOF
DTXSID0021414
NSC-407921
Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Ester
DTXCID801414
Triethylhexyl phosphate
Tris(2-ethylhexy)phosphate
CAS-78-42-2
CCRIS 615
HSDB 2562
Tris-(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat [Czech]
EINECS 201-116-6
UNII-BQC0BKB72S
Tris-2(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat [Czech]
BRN 1715839
Tris-2(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat
AI3-07852
Amgard TOF
MFCD00009491
1-Hexanol, phosphate
Phosphoric acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl)ester
Trioctyl Phosphate (TOP)
Tris(2-ethylhexl)phosphate
EC 201-116-6
SCHEMBL35485
tris-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
MLS002415769
Phosphoric Acid Trioctyl Ester
CHEMBL1562290
2-Ethylhexanol phosphate (3:1)
CHEBI:181994
HMS3039O17
Phosphoric acid tris(2-ethylhexyl)
Tox21_201369
Tox21_300321
NSC407921
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, 97%
AKOS015843194
CS-W009670
NCGC00091821-01
NCGC00091821-02
NCGC00091821-03
NCGC00254160-01
NCGC00258921-01
SMR001370923
P1022
TRIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHOSPHATE [HSDB]
WLN: 4Y2&1OPO&O1Y4&2&O1Y4&2
A865029
Q2454094
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, Selectophore(TM), >=99.0%
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Ethylhexyl phosphate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Phosphate de tris(2-éthylhexyle) [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Phosphoric acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester [ACD/Index Name]
Phosphoric acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl)ester
Tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
Tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
UNII:BQC0BKB72S
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, phosphate
201-116-6 [EINECS]
2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOL PHOSPHATE
2-Ethylhexanol phosphate (3:1)
2-Ethylhexanol, phosphate triester
4Y2&1OPO&O1Y4&2&O1Y4&2 [WLN]
78-42-2 [RN]
Amgard TOF
disflamoll tof
Flexol plasticizer TOF
flexol tof
kronitex tof
MFCD00009491 [MDL number]
phosphoric acid tris-(2-ethylhexyl) ester
Phosphoric acid tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester
Phosphoric acid, tris (2-ethylhexyl) ester
Phosphoric acid, tris(ethylhexyl) ester
TOF
tri-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
Tri(ethylhexyl) phosphate
triethylhexyl phosphate
trioctyl phosphate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Tris(2-ethylhexy)phosphate
Tris-(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat [Czech]
Tris-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
TRIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHOSPHATE
Tris(ethylhexyl) phosphate
Tris-2(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat

SYNONYMS 1,3,5-Triazine, 2,4,6-tris[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl-;Tinosorb A2B;Tris-biphenyl triazine [INCI];2,4,6-Tris(p-biphenylyl)-s-triazine;S-Triazine, 2,4,6-tri-4-biphenylyl CAS NO:31274-51-8

SYNONYMS Sodium Citrate Dihydrate; 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, trisodium salt, dihydrate;CAS NO. 6132-04-3

Trisiloxane is a colorless and odorless liquid.
Trisiloxane is a type of siloxane compound with three silicon atoms and six oxygen atoms.
Trisiloxane is soluble in both water and many organic solvents.

CAS Number: 540-97-6

APPLICATIONS

Trisiloxane is used as an emulsifier in the production of personal care products like shampoo, conditioner, and lotions.
Trisiloxane is used as a surfactant in agricultural formulations to improve the spread of pesticides and herbicides.

Trisiloxane is used as an antifoaming agent in industrial processes such as paper production and wastewater treatment.
Trisiloxane is used as a mold release agent in the manufacturing of rubber and plastics.

Trisiloxane is used as an ingredient in automotive care products like car wax and polish.
Trisiloxane is used as a lubricant in metalworking processes to reduce friction and improve tool life.

Trisiloxane is used as a solvent in the chemical industry for the synthesis of various compounds.
Trisiloxane is used as a processing aid in the food industry for the production of baked goods, confectionery, and frozen desserts.
Trisiloxane is used in the production of polyurethane foam to improve cell structure and foam quality.

Trisiloxane is used as a defoamer in oil and gas drilling operations to prevent the buildup of foam.
Trisiloxane is used in the production of adhesives to improve bonding and reduce curing time.

Trisiloxane is used in the textile industry as a softening agent for fabrics and fibers.
Trisiloxane is used as a cleaning agent in household and industrial applications.

Trisiloxane is used as a drying agent in coatings and paints to improve drying time and reduce surface defects.
Trisiloxane is used as an additive in the production of silicone rubber to improve the processing and handling properties.
Trisiloxane is used as a conditioning agent in hair care products to improve combability and manageability.

Trisiloxane is used as a dispersant in the pigment and ink industry to improve color intensity and stability.
Trisiloxane is used as a foaming agent in the production of foam insulation and packaging materials.

Trisiloxane is used as a wetting agent in the production of emulsions and suspensions.
Trisiloxane is used in the production of high-performance coatings and sealants.

Trisiloxane is used as an anti-blocking agent in plastic films and sheets to prevent sticking.
Trisiloxane is used as a processing aid in the rubber industry to improve mixing and reduce viscosity.
Trisiloxane is used as an anti-corrosion agent in the metalworking industry.

Trisiloxane is used in the production of industrial detergents and cleaning agents.
Trisiloxane is used as a conditioning agent in fabric softeners to improve softness and reduce static cling.

Trisiloxane has a variety of applications across different industries. Some of its major applications include:

Agriculture:
Trisiloxane is used as a surfactant and wetting agent in agricultural formulations to increase the effectiveness of pesticides and herbicides.

Cosmetics:
Trisiloxane is used as an emollient, conditioning agent, and lubricant in cosmetic products such as hair conditioners, skin creams, and lotions.

Textile:
Trisiloxane is used in the textile industry as a hydrophobic finishing agent to impart water and stain resistance to fabrics.

Personal care:
Trisiloxane is used in personal care products such as deodorants and antiperspirants to increase the effectiveness of active ingredients.

Industrial:
Trisiloxane is used as an industrial defoamer to control foam in various processes such as pulp and paper production.

Adhesives and sealants:
Trisiloxane is used as a wetting agent and dispersant in the production of adhesives and sealants to improve their flow and adhesion properties.

Construction:
Trisiloxane is used as a water repellent in construction materials such as concrete, masonry, and stucco.

Automotive:
Trisiloxane is used as an anti-foaming agent in automotive fluids such as engine oil, transmission fluid, and brake fluid.

Agriculture:
Trisiloxane is also used in the agriculture industry as a spray adjuvant to improve the efficacy of agrochemicals.

Food and beverage:
Trisiloxane is used as a defoaming agent in the production of food and beverage products such as beer, soft drinks, and fruit juices.

Paints and coatings:
Trisiloxane is used as a leveling agent and defoaming agent in the production of paints and coatings to improve their performance.

Paper and pulp:
Trisiloxane is used as a defoamer in the production of paper and pulp to reduce foam formation during processing.

Plastics:
Trisiloxane is used as a processing aid in the production of plastics to improve their flow properties.

Rubber:
Trisiloxane is used as a lubricant and processing aid in the production of rubber products.

Fuel and lubricant:
Trisiloxane is used as an anti-foaming agent and viscosity improver in fuel and lubricant formulations.

Metalworking:
Trisiloxane is used as a lubricant and anti-foaming agent in metalworking fluids.

Water treatment:
Trisiloxane is used as a coagulant aid and flocculant in water treatment processes to improve the efficiency of the treatment.

Textile auxiliaries:
Trisiloxane is used as a textile auxiliary in the production of dyeing and finishing agents.

Petroleum industry:
Trisiloxane is used as a flow improver in crude oil transportation.

Surface coatings:
Trisiloxane is used as a surface coating agent to provide water repellency to various substrates.

Firefighting:
Trisiloxane is used as a foam suppressant in firefighting foams.

Metal cleaning:
Trisiloxane is used as a surfactant in metal cleaning formulations.

Industrial cleaning:
Trisiloxane is used as a cleaning agent in industrial cleaning formulations.

Pharmaceuticals:
Trisiloxane is used as an ingredient in some pharmaceutical formulations.

Polymer processing:
Trisiloxane is used as a processing aid in the polymer processing industry to improve the flow and molding properties of the polymers.

Trisiloxane is commonly used as a surfactant in a variety of personal care and cleaning products.
Trisiloxane can be found in shampoos, conditioners, and other hair care products to improve wetting and conditioning properties.
In skincare products, trisiloxane can help improve the texture and feel of creams and lotions.

Trisiloxane is often used as a lubricant in industrial applications, such as metalworking and textile manufacturing.
Trisiloxane can also be used as a foam control agent in the production of polyurethane foam.

Trisiloxane is used as a spreading agent in agricultural applications to help improve the effectiveness of herbicides and pesticides.
In the construction industry, trisiloxane is used as a water repellent and to improve the durability of building materials.

Trisiloxane can also be used as a mold release agent in the production of concrete and other construction materials.
Trisiloxane is used in the automotive industry as an additive to improve the performance of engine oils and other lubricants.

Trisiloxane can also be found in windshield washer fluids as a de-icing agent.
In the electronics industry, trisiloxane is used as a component in electronic adhesives and coatings.
Trisiloxane is used in the production of silicone elastomers, which are used in a variety of applications, including medical devices and automotive parts.

Trisiloxane can be used as a water-repellent coating on fabrics, such as outdoor clothing and tents.
Trisiloxane is used as a foam control agent in the production of polyurethane foam for furniture and bedding.

Trisiloxane can also be found in spray foam insulation products.
In the oil and gas industry, trisiloxane is used as a defoamer and lubricant in drilling fluids.

Trisiloxane can be used as a solvent in the production of silicone resins and other silicone-based materials.
Trisiloxane can be used as a heat transfer fluid in high-temperature applications.
Trisiloxane is used as a coating on contact lenses to improve comfort and clarity.

In the food industry, trisiloxane is used as a lubricant in food processing equipment.
Trisiloxane can also be used as a coating on food packaging to improve moisture resistance.

Trisiloxane is used in the production of silicone-based inks and coatings for printing and graphic arts applications.
Trisiloxane can be used as a component in sealants and adhesives used in the construction industry.

Trisiloxane is used as a component in some personal care products, such as anti-aging creams and hair serums.
Trisiloxane can also be found in some industrial cleaners and degreasers as a surfactant and solvent.

Trisiloxane is used in the manufacture of personal care products such as hair conditioners and skin moisturizers.
Trisiloxane is used in the production of surfactants and emulsifiers that are used in various industries.
Trisiloxane is used as an antifoaming agent in the food industry.

Trisiloxane is used in the production of high-performance coatings and adhesives.
Trisiloxane is used as a water-repellent coating for glass, ceramic, and other surfaces.

Trisiloxane is used in the production of silicone rubbers and resins.
Trisiloxane is used in the manufacturing of electronic components and semiconductors.

Trisiloxane is used in the production of lubricants and greases for machinery and equipment.
Trisiloxane is used as a mold release agent in the manufacturing of plastic and rubber products.
Trisiloxane is used as a conditioning agent in the textile industry.

Trisiloxane is used in the production of flame retardants for various applications.
Trisiloxane is used as a dispersing agent in the formulation of agricultural chemicals.

Trisiloxane is used as a foam control agent in the production of paper and pulp.
Trisiloxane is used in the formulation of cosmetics such as foundations and lipsticks.
Trisiloxane is used in the production of ceramics and glass fibers.

Trisiloxane is used as a lubricant in the textile industry.
Trisiloxane is used in the formulation of polishes and cleaners for various surfaces.

Trisiloxane is used in the production of polyurethane foams and elastomers.
Trisiloxane is used as a solvent for various chemical reactions.
Trisiloxane is used as a wetting agent in the formulation of paints and coatings.

Trisiloxane is used in the manufacturing of plastic films and sheets.
Trisiloxane is used in the formulation of printing inks and toners.

Trisiloxane is used as a heat transfer fluid in industrial processes.
Trisiloxane is used in the production of automotive parts such as gaskets and seals.
Trisiloxane is used as a binder in the formulation of concrete and construction materials.

DESCRIPTION

Trisiloxane is a chemical compound with the molecular formula Si3H8O2.
Trisiloxane is a type of siloxane, which is a class of organosilicon compounds.

Trisiloxane is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant odor.
Trisiloxane is highly soluble in water and is nonflammable.

Trisiloxane is primarily used as a surfactant, which is a substance that helps to reduce the surface tension of a liquid.
Trisiloxane is commonly used in the production of personal care products, such as shampoos, conditioners, and lotions, to improve their wetting ability and to help the products spread more evenly over the skin or hair.

Trisiloxane is also used as a foam control agent in various industrial processes, including in the production of paints and coatings, pulp and paper manufacturing, and metalworking.
Its ability to reduce surface tension makes it useful for preventing the formation of foam during these processes, which can interfere with the quality and efficiency of the end product.

Additionally, trisiloxane is used as a wetting agent in agricultural formulations to help improve the absorption and spreading of pesticides, herbicides, and other agricultural chemicals.
Trisiloxane can also be used as an additive in the production of silicone-based polymers and resins.

Other applications of trisiloxane include its use as a lubricant and as an ingredient in the production of adhesives and sealants.
Trisiloxane is also used in the formulation of household cleaning products, such as laundry detergents and dish soaps, to improve their cleaning performance and reduce streaking.

Overall, trisiloxane is a versatile chemical with a wide range of applications, primarily due to its ability to reduce surface tension and improve wetting and spreading properties of liquids.

Trisiloxane is a colorless and odorless liquid.
Trisiloxane is a type of siloxane compound with three silicon atoms and six oxygen atoms.
Trisiloxane is soluble in both water and many organic solvents.

Trisiloxane has a relatively low boiling point and is therefore easily vaporized.
Trisiloxane has good wetting and spreading properties.

Trisiloxane is commonly used as a surfactant in a variety of applications.
Trisiloxane can lower surface tension, making it useful in emulsification and foam stabilization.

Trisiloxane can also be used as a lubricant and release agent due to its low surface tension.
Trisiloxane is commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos and conditioners.
Trisiloxane can help to improve the wetting ability of these products on hair and skin.

Trisiloxane is also used as a defoaming agent in the production of polyurethane foam.
Trisiloxane can reduce the formation of bubbles during the manufacturing process.

Trisiloxane is used as an ingredient in agricultural products such as herbicides and insecticides.
Trisiloxane can help these products to spread more evenly across plant surfaces.

Trisiloxane is used in the formulation of inkjet printer inks as a solvent and wetting agent.
Trisiloxane can help to improve the printing quality and speed.
Trisiloxane is used in the manufacturing of silicone rubber.

Trisiloxane can improve the flow and mold release properties of the rubber.
Trisiloxane can be used as a mold release agent in the production of plastic parts.

Trisiloxane can help to prevent sticking and improve part release.
Trisiloxane is used as a lubricant and release agent in the production of molded glass products.
Trisiloxane can help to prevent sticking and improve the surface finish of the glass.

Trisiloxane is used in the textile industry as a wetting agent and to improve dye penetration.
Trisiloxane can help to reduce the amount of dye needed and improve color fastness.
Trisiloxane is a versatile compound with many applications in a range of industries.

PROPERTIES

Chemical formula: C3H10O2Si3
Molecular weight: 222.48 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless to light yellow liquid
Density: 0.891 g/cm3 at 20°C
Boiling point: 130-131°C
Melting point: -70°C
Flash point: 35-37°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in many organic solvents
Vapor pressure: 10 mm Hg at 25°C
Refractive index: 1.422 at 25°C
Viscosity: 1.6 cSt at 25°C
Surface tension: 19.5 mN/m at 25°C
Dielectric constant: 2.90 at 25°C
pH: Neutral
Odor: Mild, characteristic
Flammability: Flammable liquid, with a flash point below 60°C
Autoignition temperature: 260°C
Explosive limits: 1.1-14% (volume)
Corrosivity: Corrosive to metals
Oxidizing properties: Not classified as oxidizing agent
Stability: Stable under normal conditions of use and storage
Hazardous decomposition products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, silicon dioxide
Hazardous polymerization: Will not occur
Environmental hazards: Not considered to be an environmental hazard
Health hazards: May cause irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory system upon prolonged exposure. May be harmful if ingested.
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents and acids, and can undergo hydrolysis in the presence of moisture.

FIRST AID

Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is not breathing, provide artificial respiration.
Seek immediate medical attention if the person has difficulty breathing or shows other signs of respiratory distress.

Skin Contact:

Remove any contaminated clothing and rinse the affected skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
If skin irritation or redness develops, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:

Immediately flush the affected eye(s) with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, while holding the eyelid(s) open.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or pain persists.

Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth with water, but do not induce vomiting.
Seek immediate medical attention if a large amount of the chemical is swallowed, or if the person shows signs of vomiting or convulsions.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Trisiloxane should be handled with care to prevent skin and eye contact, inhalation, and ingestion.
Operators should wear personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection when handling Trisiloxane.
In case of skin contact, wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water.

In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention.
If Trisiloxane is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air and seek medical attention immediately.
If swallowed, do not induce vomiting and seek medical attention immediately.

Storage:

Trisiloxane should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from heat, sparks, and flames.
It should be stored in a tightly sealed container, away from incompatible materials such as strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizers.
Containers of Trisiloxane should be properly labeled with the product name, composition, and hazard warnings.

Do not store Trisiloxane near food, beverages, or animal feed.
Keep Trisiloxane out of the reach of children and unauthorized personnel.
Check the container regularly for leaks and damage.

Transportation:

Trisiloxane should be transported in a properly labeled, sealed, and secured container to prevent spills or leakage.
The container should be placed in a well-ventilated area, away from heat sources and incompatible materials.

Transportation of Trisiloxane should comply with local, state, and federal regulations.
Drivers transporting Trisiloxane should be trained and certified to handle hazardous materials.
In case of a spill or leak during transportation, follow the emergency response procedures and contact the appropriate authorities immediately.

Disposal:

Trisiloxane should be disposed of in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations.
Do not dispose of Trisiloxane in household or municipal waste streams.
Consult with a licensed waste disposal company for safe disposal options.
Containers that previously held Trisiloxane should be properly cleaned and recycled or disposed of according to the manufacturer's instructions.

SYNONYMS

Triethylsiloxane
1,1,1-Tris(dimethylsilyloxy)silane
Tri(trimethylsilyloxy)silane
Tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane
Trialkylsiloxy silane
TES
TMSO3
TTS
1,1,1-Tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silane
Silane, tris(trimethylsilyloxy)-
Tris(trimethylsilyl) orthosilicate
Tri(trimethylsilyl) silicate
Silicic acid, tri(trimethylsilyl) ester
Tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silicon
Silicon tris(trimethylsiloxy)
TMSOT
Tris(trimethylsilyl)silanol
Tris(trimethylsilyl) silicate
Tri(trimethylsilyl) orthosilicate
Tri(trimethylsilyl) silicic acid
Triethylsilyloxysilane
Trialkylsilyloxy silane
Tris(trimethylsilyloxy) silicium
Triethoxysilane trimethylsilyl derivative
Silicon tris(trimethylsilyloxy)
Triethylsilanol
1,1,1-Trisiloxane
Trisilicon tetrahydride
Triethylsiloxane
Siloxane, tris(triethylsiloxy)-
Tris(triethylsilyl)oxide
Triethylsilyl ether
TTSO
Silanetriol, triethyl-
Triethylsilyl alcohol
Tris(triethylsilyl)silanol
Trisiloxane, [(triethylsilyl)oxy]-
Triethylsiloxysilane
Triethoxytrisilane
Tris(triethoxysilyl)amine
Tris(triethoxysilyl)phosphate
Triethylsilyltrifluoroacetate
Triethylsilylethynylbenzene
Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)europium(III)
Tris(trifluoroacetylacetonato)samarium(III)
Tris(acetylacetonato)iron(III)
Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III)chloride
Tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine
Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane
Tris(trimethylsilyl)amine

Trisiloxane Polyether is a type of surfactant that contains a silicone-based (trisiloxane) backbone and polyether side chains.
Trisiloxane Polyether is a clear liquid that is soluble in both water and organic solvents.

APPLICATIONS

Trisiloxane Polyether has several applications in various industries, including:

Coatings:
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a surfactant in coatings to improve wetting and leveling properties.

Personal care products:
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a surfactant and emulsifier in personal care products, such as shampoos and body washes, to improve their texture and stability.

Agriculture:
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a spray adjuvant in agriculture to improve the performance of pesticides and herbicides.

Textiles:
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a softener and lubricant in textile manufacturing to improve the hand-feel and processing of fabrics.

Foam control:
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a foam control agent in industrial processes to reduce foam formation and improve process efficiency.

Automotive:
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as an additive in automotive fluids, such as brake fluids and engine oils, to improve their lubricity and anti-wear properties.

Construction:
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a water repellent in construction materials, such as concrete and masonry, to improve their durability and resistance to moisture.

Electronics:
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a surface treatment in electronics manufacturing to improve the adhesion and performance of coatings and adhesives.

Food processing:
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a processing aid in food manufacturing to improve the efficiency and quality of production processes.

Pharmaceuticals:
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as an emulsifier and solubilizer in pharmaceutical formulations to improve their stability and bioavailability.

Trisiloxane Polyether is commonly used as a surfactant in coatings to improve their wetting and leveling properties.
Trisiloxane Polyether is often used as an emulsifier and surfactant in personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and body washes.
In the agriculture industry, Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a spray adjuvant to improve the performance of pesticides and herbicides.

Trisiloxane Polyether is often used as a softener and lubricant in textile manufacturing to improve the feel and processing of fabrics.
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a foam control agent in industrial processes to reduce foam formation and improve process efficiency.

In automotive fluids such as brake fluids and engine oils, Trisiloxane Polyether is added to improve lubricity and anti-wear properties.
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a water repellent in construction materials such as concrete and masonry to improve their durability and resistance to moisture.

Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a surface treatment in electronics manufacturing to improve the adhesion and performance of coatings and adhesives.
In food manufacturing, Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a processing aid to improve the efficiency and quality of production processes.

Trisiloxane Polyether is used as an emulsifier and solubilizer in pharmaceutical formulations to improve their stability and bioavailability.
Trisiloxane Polyether is used in the manufacture of surfactants and detergents.
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a wetting agent in the production of polyurethane foam.

In the petroleum industry, Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a lubricant and anti-foaming agent.
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a defoaming agent in the pulp and paper industry.

Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a leveling agent in printing inks and coatings.
In metalworking fluids, Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a lubricant and corrosion inhibitor.

Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a wetting agent in the production of silicone rubber.
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as an emulsifier in the production of food additives and flavors.

Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a surfactant in the production of detergents and cleaners.
In the textile industry, Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a lubricant and dyeing aid.
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a processing aid in the production of paper and cardboard.

Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a surfactant and defoamer in the production of latex paints.
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a foam control agent in the production of polyurethane foam.

In the water treatment industry, Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a coagulant aid and scale inhibitor.
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a wetting agent and emulsifier in the production of agrochemicals.

Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a dispersant in the production of pigments and dyes.
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a plasticizer in the production of plastics and resins.
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a release agent in the production of molded rubber and plastic parts.

In the cosmetics industry, Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a humectant and skin conditioning agent.
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a surfactant and emulsifier in the production of petroleum products such as lubricating oils and fuel additives.

Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a surfactant in personal care products such as shampoos and conditioners.
Trisiloxane Polyether acts as a wetting agent in printing inks, coatings, and adhesives.
Trisiloxane Polyether enhances the water resistance of textiles and leather goods.

Trisiloxane Polyether improves the slip properties of packaging films and coatings.
Trisiloxane Polyether aids in the dispersion of pigments and other additives in coatings.

Trisiloxane Polyether is used in the production of anti-foaming agents for industrial processes.
Trisiloxane Polyether acts as a dispersant in ceramic and glass manufacturing.

Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a release agent in the production of molded rubber and plastic products.
Trisiloxane Polyether enhances the spreading and wetting properties of agricultural sprays and formulations.

Trisiloxane Polyether improves the flow properties of cementitious materials and concrete.
Trisiloxane Polyether acts as a leveling agent in coatings and adhesives.
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a foam stabilizer in the production of polyurethane foams.

Trisiloxane Polyether improves the gloss and clarity of coatings and films.
Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a wetting agent and anti-static agent in the production of electronic components.

Trisiloxane Polyether enhances the release properties of mold releases and casting agents.
Trisiloxane Polyether is used in the production of defoamers and emulsifiers for industrial processes.

Trisiloxane Polyether acts as a lubricant and anti-wear agent in metalworking fluids.
Trisiloxane Polyether enhances the water-repellency of coatings and textiles.

Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a release agent in the production of food packaging and processing equipment.
Trisiloxane Polyether improves the wetting and dispersing properties of inks and pigments in printing applications.
Trisiloxane Polyether acts as a solvent in cleaning and degreasing formulations.

Trisiloxane Polyether is used in the production of optical coatings for lenses and displays.
Trisiloxane Polyether enhances the stain resistance of textiles and carpets.

Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a coupling agent in polymer processing and compounding.
Trisiloxane Polyether improves the adhesion of coatings and adhesives to difficult substrates.

Trisiloxane Polyether acts as a defoaming agent in oil and gas production.
Trisiloxane Polyether enhances the surface smoothness of plastics and films.

Trisiloxane Polyether is used as a leveling and anti-cratering agent in coatings.
Trisiloxane Polyether improves the hydrophobicity of building materials such as stone and concrete.
Trisiloxane Polyether acts as a lubricant and corrosion inhibitor in metalworking and industrial fluids.

Some applications of Trisiloxane Polyether:

Water repellent coatings for textile fibers
Anti-fouling coatings for marine vessels
Wood coatings to enhance water resistance
Release agents for molding processes
Lubricants for moving mechanical parts
Surfactants for foam control in various industries
Adhesives for difficult-to-bond surfaces
Ink and paint additives to improve flow and leveling
Coatings for electronic components to improve water resistance
Soil-repellent treatments for carpets and upholstery
Anti-corrosion coatings for metals
Hydrophobic coatings for optical lenses
Oil and gas recovery
Personal care products such as hair conditioners and skin lotions
Laundry detergents and fabric softeners
Agriculture as an adjuvant in pesticide formulations
Construction as a water repellent for concrete and masonry
Cleaning products as a surfactant and wetting agent
Food packaging to prevent moisture absorption
Paper coatings to improve water resistance and printability

DESCRIPTION

Trisiloxane Polyether is a type of surfactant that contains a silicone-based (trisiloxane) backbone and polyether side chains.
Trisiloxane Polyether is a clear liquid that is soluble in both water and organic solvents.

Trisiloxane Polyether is commonly used as a wetting agent, emulsifier, and dispersant in a wide range of applications, including personal care products, agricultural formulations, and industrial cleaning agents.
Its unique chemical structure allows it to reduce surface tension and enhance spreading and wetting properties, making it a highly effective and versatile surfactant.

Trisiloxane Polyether is a highly efficient surfactant due to its unique chemical structure.
The silicone-based backbone of Trisiloxane Polyether provides excellent stability and durability.
Trisiloxane Polyether is used in a variety of industries, including agriculture, cosmetics, and industrial cleaning.

The polyether side chains in Trisiloxane Polyether allow it to be highly soluble in both water and organic solvents.
Trisiloxane Polyether is known for its excellent wetting and dispersing properties, making it a highly effective emulsifier.

Due to its low surface tension, Trisiloxane Polyether is often used as a wetting agent in agricultural formulations to improve spray coverage.
Trisiloxane Polyether can be used as a foam control agent in industrial processes due to its ability to reduce surface tension and foam generation.

The combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties in Trisiloxane Polyether makes it highly effective at reducing interfacial tension between different phases.
Trisiloxane Polyether is biodegradable and has a low toxicity profile, making it an environmentally friendly option for many applications.
The unique properties of Trisiloxane Polyether allow it to provide enhanced performance and efficiency compared to traditional surfactants.

PROPERTIES

Molecular weight: 1000-5000 g/mol
Density: 1.00-1.10 g/mL
Boiling point: >200°C
Flash point: >100°C
Solubility: soluble in water and most organic solvents
Viscosity: low to moderate
Surface tension: low
Hydrophilicity: high
Thermal stability: good
Chemical stability: good
Biocompatibility: good
Emulsifying ability: good
Foaming ability: good
Lubricating ability: good
Wetting ability: good

FIRST AID

The first aid measures for Trisiloxane Polyether are as follows:

In case of inhalation:

Move the affected person to a well-ventilated area and provide fresh air.
If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.

In case of skin contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention.

In case of eye contact:

Rinse the affected eye(s) with water for several minutes, while holding the eyelid(s) open.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

In case of ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth with water and drink plenty of water.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Note: It is important to seek medical attention if any symptoms persist or in case of doubt.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

The handling and storage conditions for Trisiloxane Polyether are as follows:

Storage:

Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, sparks, and flame.

Handling:

Handle with appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves, safety glasses, and respiratory protection if required.
Avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with skin and eyes.
Use in a well-ventilated area or with local exhaust ventilation.

Storage containers:

Use appropriate containers made of compatible materials, such as stainless steel or high-density polyethylene (HDPE).

Shelf life:

The shelf life of Trisiloxane Polyether can vary depending on the storage conditions and the manufacturer's recommendations.
It is recommended to use it within the expiry date mentioned on the label or as specified by the supplier.

Note: Follow the manufacturer's instructions and local regulations regarding handling, storage, and disposal of the product.

SYNONYMS

Poly(oxyethylene)-tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane
Silicone polyether
Trisiloxane ethylene oxide copolymer
Trialkoxy polyether silane
Ethylene oxide terminated polydimethylsiloxane
Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide copolymer
Trialkoxy silane polyether
Ethoxylated trisiloxane
Trialkoxy silane ethylene oxide copolymer
Poly(ethylene oxide)-terminated trimethylsiloxy siloxane
Siloxane-polyalkylene oxide block copolymer
Triethoxysilyl poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer
Polyethylene oxide-terminated polydimethylsiloxane
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer
Trisiloxane-polyethylene oxide copolymer
Trimethylsiloxy-terminated polyethylene oxide
Trialkoxy silane-terminated polyethylene oxide
Siloxane-polyether copolymer
Trisiloxane-poly(oxyethylene) copolymer
Polydimethylsiloxane-poly(oxyethylene) copolymer

DESCRIPTION:
Trisodium citrate has the chemical formula of Na3C6H5O7.
Trisodium citrate is sometimes referred to simply as "sodium citrate", though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid.
Trisodium citrate possesses a saline, mildly tart flavor, and is a mild alkali.

CAS Number: 68-04-2
Molecular Formula: C6H5Na3O7

Trisodium Citrate is one of the sodium salts of citric acid which is found in every living organism, part of the key metabolic pathways in all body cells.
Trisodium Citrate is found in sour fruits such as kiwi, strawberries and many other fruits which has high concentration.
Trisodium Citrate is commercially prepared by fermenting molasses of Aspergillus niger mould.

Citrate is a conjugate base of a weak acid, can function as a buffering agent or acidity regulator by resisting the change in pH.
Trisodium Citrate, also referred to as Sodium Citrate, Trisodium Salt or food additive E331, is the tribasic salt of citric acid.

Trisodium Citrate appears as a white crystalline powder or granular crystals and, given it is a salt, possesses a salty / saline taste with no real detectable odour.
Trisodium Citrate has the CAS number 6132-04-3 and formula Na3C6H5O7.
Trisodium citrate is water-soluble, non-toxic and fully biodegradable.

USES OF TRISODIUM CITRATE:
Trisodium citrate is used in similar applications to citric acid .
These uses include as an acidity regulator in food and drink, as a sequestering agent to prevent limescale inference with soaps and detergents and as an emulsifying agent to aid chemical mixing processes where two separate elements are incapable of mixing (for example oil and water) and helps to keep these mixtures stable once formulated.

Trisodium Citrate in Food:
Trisodium Citrate is a food additive with the E number E331.
Trisodium Citrate is used in a variety of processed food and drink primarily as a flavour enhancer and a preservative.

As an emulsifying agent it is also used in cheesemaking to allow cheese to melt without the separation of oils and fats.
Trisodium citrate in food buffers pH levels to help regulate acidity in a variety of foods to balance taste and is also able to impart a tart / sour flavour in a wide variety of drink products.

APPLICATIONS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE:
Foods:
Sodium citrate is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative.
Its E number is E331.
Sodium citrate is employed as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of club soda.

Trisodium citrate is common as an ingredient in bratwurst, and is also used in commercial ready-to-drink beverages and drink mixes, contributing a tart flavor.
Trisodium citrate is found in gelatin mix, ice cream, yogurt, jams, sweets, milk powder, processed cheeses, carbonated beverages, and wine, amongst others.

Trisodium citrate can be used as an emulsifying stabilizer when making cheese.
Trisodium citrate allows the cheese to melt without becoming greasy by stopping the fats from separating.

Buffering:
Speciation diagram for a 10-millimolar solution of citric acid.
The violet curve corresponds to the trisodium citrate.
As a conjugate base of a weak acid, citrate can perform as a buffering agent or acidity regulator, resisting changes in pH.

Trisodium citrate is used to control acidity in some substances, such as gelatin desserts.
Trisodium citrate can be found in the milk minicontainers used with coffee machines.
The compound is the product of antacids, such as Alka-Seltzer, when they are dissolved in water.

The pH of a solution of 5 g/100 ml water at 25 °C is 7.5 – 9.0.
Trisodium citrate is added to many commercially packaged dairy products to control the pH impact of the gastrointestinal system of humans, mainly in processed products such as cheese and yogurt, although it also has beneficial effects on the physical gel microstructure.

Chemistry:
Trisodium citrate is a component in Benedict's qualitative solution, often used in organic analysis to detect the presence of reducing sugars such as glucose.

Medicine:
In 1914, the Belgian doctor Albert Hustin and the Argentine physician and researcher Luis Agote successfully used sodium citrate as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, with Richard Lewisohn determining its correct concentration in 1915.
It continues to be used today in blood-collection tubes and for the preservation of blood in blood banks.

The citrate ion chelates calcium ions in the blood by forming calcium citrate complexes, disrupting the blood clotting mechanism.
Recently, trisodium citrate has also been used as a locking agent in vascath and haemodialysis lines instead of heparin due to its lower risk of systemic anticoagulation.

In 2003, Ööpik et al. showed the use of sodium citrate (0.5 g/kg body weight) improved running performance over 5 km by 30 seconds.
Sodium citrate is used to relieve discomfort in urinary-tract infections, such as cystitis, to reduce the acidosis seen in distal renal tubular acidosis, and can also be used as an osmotic laxative.
It is a major component of the WHO oral rehydration solution.

Trisodium citrate is used as an antacid, especially prior to anaesthesia, for caesarian section procedures to reduce the risks associated with the aspiration of gastric contents.

Boiler descaling:
Trisodium citrate is a particularly effective agent for removal of carbonate scale from boilers without removing them from operation and for cleaning automobile radiators

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRISODIUM CITRATE:
Chemical formula Na3C6H5O7
Molar mass 258.06 g/mol (anhydrous), 294.10 g/mol (dihydrate)
Appearance White crystalline powder
Density 1.7 g/cm3
Melting point > 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) (hydrates lose water ca. 150 °C)
Boiling point Decomposes
Solubility in water Pentahydrate form: 92 g/100 g H2O (25 °C)

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRISODIUM CITRATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

SYNONYMS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE:
Trisodium citrate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:3) [ACD/Index Name]
200-675-3 [EINECS]
68-04-2 [RN]
994-36-5 [RN]
Citrate de trisodium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Citric Acid Trisodium Salt
MFCD00012462 [MDL number]
RS7A450LGA
Sodium 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate
Sodium Citrate [JAN] [USAN] [Wiki]
Sodium citrate anhydrous
Trinatriumcitrat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Tris sodium citrate
trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt
114456-61-0 [RN]
205-623-3 [EINECS]
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanenetricarboxylic acid trisodium salt
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid trisodium salt
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, trisodium salt
Citnatin
Citrate Concentratedmissing
citrate sodium
citrate trisodium
Citratemissing
Citreme
Citric acid sodium salt anhydrous
Citric acid trisodium salt, anhydrous
Citric acid, trisodium salt
Citrosodina
Citrosodine
Citrosodna
Isolyte E
Natrocitral
Sodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
Sodium citrate (USP)
Sodium citrate buffer
SODIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC
Sodium citrate, anhydrous
Synthesis on demand
tri-sodium citrate
Trisodium citrate anhydrous
tris-sodium citrate
UNII-RS7A450LGA

Sodium Citrate Dihydrate; 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, trisodium salt, dihydrate;TRISODIUM CITRATE 5,5-HYDRATE; TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE; TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE (12HYDRATE) ; TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE ANHYDRATE cas no: 6132-04-3

Trisodium citrate (TSC) is a versatile chemical substance used in a variety of applications in different industries.
In the food industry, Trisodium citrate (TSC) is used as a flavor enhancer, acidity regulator, and emulsifier.
In the medical field, Trisodium citrate (TSC) is used as an anticoagulant but it is also an ingredient in many personal care products.

CAS: 6132-04-3
MF: C6H9Na3O9
MW: 294.1
EINECS: 612-118-5

Synonyms
ANTI-BABOON IGM, BIOTIN;BETA-HYDROXY-TRICARBOXYLIC ACID MONOHYDRATE;HYDROXYTRICARBALLYLIC ACID MONOHYDRATE;CITRIC ACID NA3-SALT 2H2O;CITRIC ACID H2O;CITRIC ACID TRISODIUM SALT DIHYDRATE;CITRIC ACID, 3NA, DIHYDRATE;CITRIC ACID-1-HYDRATE;Trisodium citrate dihydrate;Sodium citrate dihydrate;6132-04-3;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate;1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt, dihydrate;Sodium citrate hydrate;Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate;MFCD00150031;B22547B95K;Nauzene;trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate;trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;dihydrate;DTXSID1049437;SODIUM CITRATE, DIHYDRATE;Citric acid, trisodium salt, dihydrate;N-1560;Sodium citrate hydrous;Natrii citras, dehydrate;Trisodium citrate dihydrate;Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate;MFCD00130806;tri-sodium citrate dihydrate;TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE (II);TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [II];TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE (USP MONOGRAPH);TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [USP MONOGRAPH];sodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate;Tricitrasol;Natrum citricum;Emetrol Chewables;Tricitrasol (TN);Sodium citrate; Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylatedihydrate; Sodium Citrate ;Dihydrate;Sodium citrate (TN);CVS HealthNausea Relief;Emetrol Chewables Orange;Sodium citrate [USP:JAN];Sodiumcitratetribasicdihydrate;EmetrolChewables Mixed Berry;SODIUM CITRATE [FHFI];DTXCID0029397;Sodium citrate hydrate (JP17);UNII-B22547B95K;CHEBI:32142;Trisodium citrate dihydrate, ACS;SODIUM CITRATE HYDROUS [II];SODIUM CITRATE HYDRATE [JAN];SODIUM CITRATE [EP MONOGRAPH];SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [MI];AKOS025293920;Citronensaeure,Trinatrium-Salz-Dihydrat
;Sodium citrate dihydrate, >=99%, FG;SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [VANDF];BP-31019;SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [WHO-DD];Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, >=98%;Sodium citrate dihydrate, ACS reagent grade;SODIUM CITRATE, DIHYDRATE [WHO-IP];NS00074299;D01781;F82065;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, AR, >=99%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, LR, >=99%;Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate ACS reagent;NATRII CITRAS, DEHYDRATE [WHO-IP LATIN];A833161;A835986;Q22075862;Sodium citrate dihydrate Biochemical grade, Fine Granular;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, USP, 99.0-100.5%;Sodium Citrate Tribasic Dihydrate (Molecular Biology Grade);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, ACS reagent, >=99.0%;trisodium 2-oxidanylpropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioUltra, >=99.0% (NT);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, insect cell culture tested;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, JIS special grade, >=99.0%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, purum p.a., >=99.0% (NT);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, tested according to Ph.Eur.;trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate--water (1/2);Trisodium citrate dihydrate, meets USP testing specifications;2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid trisodium salt dihydrate;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioXtra, >=99.0% (titration);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, for molecular biology, >=99%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%;Sodium citrate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard;1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, dihydrate;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, 99-101%;1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, hydrate (1:3:2);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (NT);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.0% (NT);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, suitable for amino acid analysis, >=99.0%;Sodium Citrate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material;Sodium citrate tribasicdihydrate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.5%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, suitable for amino acid analysis, >=98% (titration), powder

Trisodium citrate (TSC) is the sodium salt of citric acid.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is widely used as a preservative or for flavour.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is also used in dietary supplements.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is also an essential ingredient in dishwasher tablets, industrial cleaners, detergents, etc.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) has molecular weight of 294.1, is a colorless crystal or white crystalline powder product; it is odorless, salty taste, and cool.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) will lose its crystal water at 150 °C and will be decomposed at even higher temperature.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) also has slight deliquescence in wet air and has weathering property upon hot air.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is soluble in water and glycerol, but insoluble in alcohol and some other organic solvents.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) has no toxic effect, and has pH adjusting capability as well as having a good stability, and therefore can be used in the food industry.

Trisodium citrate (TSC) has the greatest demand when being used as a food additive; As food additives, it is mainly used as flavoring agents, buffers, emulsifiers, bulking agents, stabilizers and preservatives; in addition, combination between sodium citrate and citric acid can be used in a variety of jams, jelly, juice, drinks, cold drinks, dairy products and pastries gelling agents, flavoring agents and nutritional supplements.
The dihydrate of Trisodium citrate (TSC).
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is the tribasic dihydrate sodium salt of citric acid.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) has the molecular formula Na3C6H5O7.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is sometimes referred to simply as "sodium citrate", though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) possesses a saline, mildly tart flavor, and is a mild alkali.

Trisodium citrate (TSC) is a tribasic salt of citric acid.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is produced by complete neutralisation of citric acid with high purity sodium hydroxide or carbonate and subsequent crystallisation.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is widely used in foods, beverages and various technical applications mainly as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) occurs as white, granular crystals or as white, crystalline powder with a pleasant, salty taste.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is slightly deliquescent in moist air, freely soluble in water and practically insoluble in ethanol (96 %).
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is a non-toxic, neutral salt with low reactivity.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is chemically stable if stored at ambient temperatures.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is fully biodegradable and can be disposed of with regular waste or sewage.

Trisodium citrate (TSC) Chemical Properties
Melting point: >300 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.76
FEMA: 3026 | SODIUM CITRATE
Fp: 173.9 °C
Storage temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
Solubility H2O: 100 mg/mL
Form: powder
Color: white
PH: 7.0-9.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 7.5 - 9 at 29.4 g/l at 25 °C
Water Solubility: 720 g/L (25 ºC)
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
Merck: 14,8602
BRN: 6104939
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with bases, reducing agents, oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K
LogP: -1.72
CAS DataBase Reference: 6132-04-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Trisodium citrate (TSC) (6132-04-3)

Trisodium citrate (TSC) is colorless crystals or white crystalline powder, and is odorless, cool and salty.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) has no melting point with a relative density of 1.857.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is stable in air at room temperature with loss of crystal water when being heated to 150 °C loss of crystal water; further heating will cause its decomposition.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is insoluble in ethanol but highly soluble in water. 5% aqueous solution has a pH value of 7.6 to 8.6.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) consists of odorless, colorless, monoclinic crystals, or a white crystalline powder with a cooling, saline taste.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is slightly deliquescent in moist air, and in warm dry air it is efflorescent.
Although most pharmacopeias specify that Trisodium citrate (TSC) is the dihydrate, the USP 32 states that sodium citrate may be either the dihydrate or anhydrous material.

Uses
Trisodium citrate (TSC) can be used as Ph adjusting agents and emulsifying enhancers applied to jam, candy, jelly and ice cream; its combination with citric acid has an effect of alleviating tour; Trisodium citrate (TSC) also has effects on forming complex with metal ions.
China rules that Trisodium citrate (TSC) can be applied to various types of food with appropriate usage according to the absolute necessity.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) can be used as a food additive, as complex agent and buffering agent in electroplating industry; at the field of pharmaceutical industry, it is used for the manufacturing of anti-clotting drugs; and used as the detergent additives in light industry.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is used as the analysis agents used for chromatography analysis and can also used for preparing bacterial culture medium; moreover, it can also be applied into pharmaceutical industry.

Trisodium citrate (TSC) can be used for the flavoring processing of food, as stabilizers, buffers and deputy complex-forming agents in non-toxic electroplating industry; at pharmaceutical industry, it is used as anti-clotting agent, phlegm drugs and diuretics drugs.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) can also be used in brewing, injection, newspaper and movies medicines.
Anticoagulant for collection of blood.
In photography; as sequestering agent to remove trace metals; as emulsifier, acidulant and sequestrant in foods.
An anticoagulant also used as a biological buffer
Trisodium citrate (TSC), is widely applied in food, beverages and fillers as a buffering, sequestering or an emulsifying agent.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) used as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, osmotic laxative, functional fluids, solvents cleaning, furnishing care products, laundry dishwashing products and cleaning automobile radiators.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative.

Foods
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) 2s E number is E331.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is employed as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of club soda.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is common as an ingredient in bratwurst, and is also used in commercial ready-to-drink beverages and drink mixes, contributing a tart flavor.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is found in gelatin mix, ice cream, yogurt, jams, sweets, milk powder, processed cheeses, carbonated beverages, and wine, amongst others.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) can be used as an emulsifying stabilizer when making cheese.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) allows the cheese to melt without becoming greasy by stopping the fats from separating.

Buffering
As a conjugate base of a weak acid, citrate can perform as a buffering agent or acidity regulator, resisting changes in pH.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is used to control acidity in some substances, such as gelatin desserts.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) can be found in the milk minicontainers used with coffee machines.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is the product of antacids, such as Alka-Seltzer, when they are dissolved in water.
The pH range of a solution of 5 g/100 ml water at 25 °C is 7.5 to 9.0.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is added to many commercially packaged dairy products to control the pH impact of the gastrointestinal system of humans, mainly in processed products such as cheese and yogurt, although Trisodium citrate (TSC) also has beneficial effects on the physical gel microstructure.

Chemistry
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is a component in Benedict's qualitative solution, often used in organic analysis to detect the presence of reducing sugars such as glucose.

Medicine
In 1914, the Belgian doctor Albert Hustin and the Argentine physician and researcher Luis Agote successfully used sodium citrate as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, with Richard Lewisohn determining its correct concentration in 1915.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) continues to be used today in blood-collection tubes and for the preservation of blood in blood banks.
The citrate ion chelates calcium ions in the blood by forming calcium citrate complexes, disrupting the blood clotting mechanism.
Recently, Trisodium citrate (TSC) has also been used as a locking agent in vascath and haemodialysis lines instead of heparin due to its lower risk of systemic anticoagulation.

In 2003, Ööpik et al. showed the use of Trisodium citrate (TSC) improved running performance over 5 km by 30 seconds.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is used to relieve discomfort in urinary-tract infections, such as cystitis, to reduce the acidosis seen in distal renal tubular acidosis, and can also be used as an osmotic laxative.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is a major component of the WHO oral rehydration solution.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is used as an antacid, especially prior to anaesthesia, for caesarian section procedures to reduce the risks associated with the aspiration of gastric contents.

Boiler descaling
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is a particularly effective agent for removal of carbonate scale from boilers without removing them from operation and for cleaning automobile radiators.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Trisodium citrate (TSC), as either the dihydrate or anhydrous material, is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is used in food products, primarily to adjust the pH of solutions.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is also used as a sequestering agent.
The anhydrous material is used in effervescent tablet formulations.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is additionally used as a blood anticoagulant either alone or in combination with other citrates such as disodium hydrogen citrate.
Therapeutically, Trisodium citrate (TSC) is used to relieve the painful irritation caused by cystitis, and also to treat dehydration and acidosis due to diarrhea.

Excellent performance
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is currently the most important citrate.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is produced by two steps: first starch food is fermented to generate citric acid; secondly, citric acid is neutralized by alkali to generate the final products.
Sodium citrate has the following excellent performance:
Safe and nontoxic properties; Since the basic raw material for the preparation of sodium citrate mainly comes from the food, Trisodium citrate (TSC) is absolutely safe and reliable without causing harm to human health.
The United Nations Food and Agriculture and the World Health Organization has no restriction in its daily intake, which means that this product can be considered as non-toxic food.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is biodegradable.
After subjecting to the dilution of a large amount of water, sodium citrate is partially converted into citrate, which coexists with sodium citrate in the same system.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is easy to subject to biological degradation at water by the action of oxygen, heat, light, bacteria and microbes.

Trisodium citrate (TSC)'s decomposition pathways are generally going through aconitic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid anhydride to be further converted to carbon dioxide and water.
The ability of forming complex with metal ions.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) has a good capability of forming complex with some metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+; for other ions such as Fe2+, Trisodium citrate (TSC) also has a good complex-forming ability.
Excellent solubility, and the solubility increases with increasing temperature of water.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) has a good capability for pH adjustment and a good buffering property.
Sodium citrate is a weak acid-strong alkali salt; When combined with citrate, they can form a pH buffer with strong compatibility; therefore, this is very useful for some cases in which it is not suitable to have large change of pH value.
In addition, Trisodium citrate (TSC) also has excellent retardation performance and stability.

Effect and application
During the process of clinically taking fresh blood, adding some amount of sterile Trisodium citrate (TSC) can play a role in prevent blood clotting; this is exactly taking advantage of the features that calcium citrate can form soluble complexes with calcium ion; In the field of medicine, Trisodium citrate (TSC) is used for the in vitro anti-clotting drugs and anticoagulants drugs, phlegm drugs, and diuretics drugs during blood transfusions; it can also used for cyanide-free electroplating industry; also used as developer for photographic industry.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) can be used as flavoring agents, buffering materials, emulsifiers, and stabilizer in the food industry.
Moreover, Trisodium citrate (TSC) is also widely used in chemical, metallurgical industry, the absorption of sulfur dioxide exhaust with the absorption rate of 99% and regenerate liquid sulfur dioxide citrate for recycle application.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) has a good water solubility and a excellent cheating capability with Ca2 +, Mg2 + and other metal ions; it is biodegradable and has a strong dispersing ability and anti-redeposition ability; Daily-applied chemical detergents use it as alternative to trimer sodium phosphate for production of non-phosphorus detergent and phosphate-free liquid detergent.
Adding a certain amount Trisodium citrate (TSC) to the detergent can significantly increase the cleaning ability of detergent cleaning.
The large scale of application of Trisodium citrate (TSC) as a builder in detergents is an important discovery in synthetic detergent industry.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is non-toxic without environmental pollution; it can also be acted as a buffer for the production of cosmetics.

Production methods
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is produced by the neutralization of citric acid by sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate.
Dissolve sodium bicarbonate in water upon stirring and heating; add citric acid, continue to heat up to 85-90 °C; adjust the pH to 6.8; adjust active carbon for bleaching.
Filter when the mixture is still hot; condense the filtrate under reduced pressure; cool and the crystal comes out; filter, wash, dry to obtain the final products of sodium citrate.
C6H8O7 + 3NaHCO3 → C6H5Na3O7 • 2H2O + 3CO2 ↑ + H2O

Production Methods
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is prepared by adding sodium carbonate to a solution of citric acid until effervescence ceases.
The resulting solution is filtered and evaporated to dryness.

Biochem/physiol Actions
Trisodium citrate (TSC) can act as a buffering agent, resisting changes in pH.
Used in blood collection tubes, the citrate chelates calcium ions in blood and thereby disrupts blood clotting.
Citrate is a intermediate in the TCA cycle and fatty acid synthesis.
Trisodium citrate (TSC) is an allosteric modulator of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the enzyme that regulates the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a white, crystalline powder with a slightly salty, sour taste.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid.

CAS Number: 6132-04-3
EC Number: 200-675-3
MDL number: MFCD00150031
Molecular Formula: C6H9Na3O9

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is the trisodium salt of citric acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a crystalline white powder that is slightly deliquescent in moist air, freely soluble in water, and practically insoluble in alcohol.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a non-toxic, neutral salt with low reactivity.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a versatile chemical substance used in a variety of applications in different industries.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a white, crystalline powder with a slightly salty, sour taste.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a white odorless chemical used as a food additive.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate occurs as white, granular crystals or as white, crystalline powder with a pleasant, salty taste.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is slightly deliquescent in moist air, freely soluble in water and practically insoluble in ethanol (96 %).

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a non-toxic, neutral salt with low reactivity.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is chemically stable if stored at ambient temperatures.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is fully biodegradable and can be disposed of with regular waste or sewage.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is produced by complete neutralisation of citric acid with high purity sodium hydroxide or carbonate and subsequent crystallisation.

Citric acid is the product of a microbial fermentation using carbohydrate substrates.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is widely used as an excellent pH regulator and odourless buffering agent for bath and shower gels, creams, styling or decorative products.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is both ECOCERT and COSMOS approved.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is for the preparation of total ribosomal RNA from E. coli
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is produced by complete neutralization of citric acid with high purity sodium source and subsequent crystallization.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is produced by complete neutralisation of citric acid with high purity sodium hydroxide or carbonate and subsequent crystallisation.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a sour taste similar to citric acid, and is salty as well.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate, (molecular formula: Na3C6H5O7 • 2H2O) has molecular weight of 294.1, is a colorless crystal or white crystalline powder product; it is odorless, salty taste, and cool.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate will lose its crystal water at 150 °C and will be decomposed at even higher temperature.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also has slight deliquescence in wet air and has weathering property upon hot air.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is soluble in water and glycerol, but insoluble in alcohol and some other organic solvents.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is manufactured by neutralizing citric acid derived from a submerged fermentation process.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is produced in accordance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP’s) under a comprehensive HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) program.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is considered “GRAS” (Generally
Recognized As Safe) by the United States Food and Drug Administration without restriction as to the quantity of use within good manufacturing practice.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also considered by the Experts Committee of the FAO/WHO to be a safe food additive without limitation according to good manufacturing practice.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a stable material.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is manufactured to meet the monograph specifications of major world codex and pharmacopoeia standards including the USP, FCC, BP, EP, FAO/WHO and is certified Kosher Pareve, Kosher for Passover, and Halal.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is available as translucent white crystals and has a slight saline taste.
Water of crystallization constitutes approximately twelve percent by weight of the dihydrate form.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a white powder or colourless crystals.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is the dihydrate of trisodium citrate.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is the tribasic dihydrate sodium salt of citric acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate (C6H5Na3O7.2H2O) is a tribasic salt of citric acid.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a urine alkalinizing agent.
After absorption Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is metabolized to produce bicarbonate.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a white crystalline powder that is composed of sodium salt of citric acid.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is highly soluble in water and has a sour taste.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate (E331) is the sodium salt of citric acid.
Like citric acid, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a sour taste.

Like other salts, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also has a salty taste.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate gives club soda both its sour and salty flavors.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate reduces the acidity of foods, so it allows spherification with strongly acidic ingredients.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also used as an antioxidant in food as well as a sequestrant.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate dissolves easily and acts instantaneously.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is odorless with a slightly saline taste.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is sodium salt of citrate which has an alkalinizing activity with the chemical name Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also called TriTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate or Citrosodine or Natrocitral.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate (C6H5Na3O7•2H2O, CAS Reg. No. 68–0904–092) is the sodium salt of citric acid.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is prepared by neutralizing citric acid with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate occurs as colorless crystals or a white crystalline powder.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate may be prepared in an anhydrous state or may contain two moles of water per mole of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is the sodium salt of Citric Acid.
Like Citric acid, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a sour taste.
Like other salts, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also has a salty taste.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is commonly known as sour salt and is mainly used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate gives club soda both its salty and sour flavors.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate reduces the acidity of foods, so it allows spherification with strongly acidic ingredients.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also used as an antioxidant in food as well as a sequestrant.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate dissolves easily and acts instantaneously.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate and citric acid combine in an oral solution to prevent kidney stones and metabolic acidosis.

This solution works by making your blood and pee less acidic.
You can mix this solution with 6 ounces of water before drinking it as directed.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate may refer to any of the sodium salts of citric acid (though most commonly the third):
*MonoTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate
*DiTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate
*TriTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate

The three forms of salt are collectively known by the E number E331.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is the trisodium salt of citric acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a role as a flavouring agent and an anticoagulant.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate contains a citrate(3-).
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is the sodium salt of citric acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is white, crystalline powder or white, granular crystals, slightly deliquescent in moist air, freely soluble in water, practically insoluble in alcohol.

Like citric acid, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a sour taste.
From the medical point of view, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as alkalinizing agent.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate works by neutralizing excess acid in the blood and urine.

Upon absorption, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate dissociates into sodium cations and citrate anions; organic citrate ions are metabolized to bicarbonate ions, resulting in an increase in the plasma bicarbonate concentration, the buffering of excess hydrogen ion, the raising of blood pH, and potentially the reversal of acidosis.

In addition, increases in free sodium load due to Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate administration may increase intravascular blood volume, facilitating the excretion of bicarbonate compounds and an anti-urolithic effect.
Sodium salts of citric acid are used as buffers and food preservatives.

They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate increases the strong ion differenceSID=(Na++K++Ca2++Mg2+)−(Cl−+lactate−)provided that citrate is metabolized (Stewart concept).
TriTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate is often referred to as Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate, though Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a saline, mildly tart flavor.
The Cosmetics Ingredient Review panel has deemed Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate safe as used in skin care products.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate serves as a preservative to ensure safe and durable products by inhibiting microbial growth.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also assists in the regulation of pH of cosmetic formulations.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate refers to sodium salts of citric acid.
MonoTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate, diTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate, and triTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate are the three types of sodium salts of citric acid.

The three types of salts get collectively known as E number E 331.
However, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate mostly refers to the third type, that is, triTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a compound obtained after the alkalizing activity, and it’s a sodium salt of citrate.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate's chemical formula is Na3C6H5O7.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a sodium salt of citrate, and it has an alkalinizing activity.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also Known as TriTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate.

The sodium salts of citric acid are known as Trisodium Citrate Dihydrates.
There are three sodium salts of citric acid types: monoTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate, diTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate, and triTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate.
E number 331 (E331) refers to all three types of salts combined.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has the chemical formula Na3C6H5O7.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate possesses a saline, mildly tart flavor, and is a mild alkali.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has been indicated for the treatment of metabolic acidosis.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is the sodium salt of citrate with alkalinizing activity.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a sodium salt of citrate obtained after the alkalizing activity, and its chemical formula is Na3C6H507.
On the other hand, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate refers to a third type: triTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
In the cleaning industry Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is commonly used because of its excellent cleaning characteristics and its unusual property of being almost neutral yet portraying the characteristics of an acid as in descalers and an alkali as in degreasers.
Cleaning products include laundry powders and detergents, toilet cleaners, hard surface cleaners, carpet cleaners, dish washing liquids, powder and liquid degreasers and pre-soaks.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is becoming more and more popular now as it is considered environmentally friendly, it substitutes phosphates and is readily biodegradable.
In industry Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate finds many uses including alkaline degreaser baths, electroplating chemicals for copper and nickel etc, photo chemicals.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also used in the paper and pulp industries and the textiles industry.
Cosmetics and personal care uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate: In cosmetics and personal care products, trisodium citrate is used as a buffering agent to maintain the pH of formulations and as a preservative to prevent microbial growth.

Cleaning products uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate: Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used in some cleaning products, particularly in eco-friendly and biodegradable formulations, due to its ability to soften water, remove soap scum, and dissolve scale deposits.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is typically used as a flavoring agent or as a preservative.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as a plaster retardant.
The common hydrate form, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate, is widely used in foods, beverages and various technical applications mainly as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as a food additive and flavouring agent, this product possesses a saline, mildly tart flavour that can help in water sensitive formulations like instant drinks as well as tablets and powders in pharmaceuticals and detergents.
In the food industry, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as a flavor enhancer, acidity regulator, and emulsifier.

In the medical field, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as an anticoagulant but it is also an ingredient in many personal care products.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also an essential ingredient in dishwasher tablets, industrial cleaners, detergents, etc.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is typically used as a buffer component in biomolecule downstream processing and liquid formulation.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is typically used as a citrate buffer system component for biomolecule downstream chromatography steps or final liquid formulation.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a variety of applications in different industries due to its properties as a buffering agent, sequestrant, and emulsifying agent.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a high quality pharmaceutical excipient, offered with extensive documentation facilitating compliance, full supply chain transparency and risk mitigation.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is the dihydrate of trisodium citrate.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a role as an anticoagulant.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate contains a sodium citrate.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is often used as a food preservative, and as a flavoring in the food industry.

In the pharmaceutical industry, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used to control pH.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate may be used as an alkalizing agent, buffering agent, emulsifier, or sequestering agent.
Sodium salts of citric acid are used as buffers and food preservatives.

They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is widely used in foods, beverages and various technical applications mainly as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.
Buffers pH and enhances action of methyl parabens.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used in toothpastes & dental creams, effervescent denture cleansers, mouth rinses and oral hygiene products.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as a substrate for citrate lyase, a buffer component; an anticoagulant.
For anticoagulation use Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is typically used at a concentration of approximately 0.129 M (i.e. for 4.5 mL blood use 16.0 mg sodium citrate and 2.1 mg citric acid).

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used preparation of sodium citrate buffer for antigen unmasking in IHC.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has no toxic effect, and has pH adjusting capability as well as having a good stability, and therefore can be used in the food industry.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has the greatest demand when being used as a food additive.
As food additives, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is mainly used as flavoring agents, buffers, emulsifiers, bulking agents, stabilizers and preservatives.
In addition, combination between Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate and citric acid can be used in a variety of jams, jelly, juice, drinks, cold drinks, dairy products and pastries gelling agents, flavoring agents and nutritional supplements.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as a substrate for citrate lyase, a buffer component; an anticoagulant.
For anticoagulation use Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is typically used at a concentration of approximately 0.129 M (i.e. for 4.5 mL blood use 16.0 mg sodium citrate and 2.1 mg citric acid).

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a source of Citric acid, a key metabolic intermediate.
Citrate is the starting point of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate's concentration also coordinates several other metabolic pathways.
Citric acid can form complexes with various cations, particularly with iron and calcium.

In animals, citric acid improves the utilization of nutritional calcium.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also known as Sodium Citrate which is a sodium salt from citric acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used in food products as a preservative as well as to add a tart flavor profile.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is commonly used as a flavoring agent in drinks as well as processed cheese, ice cream, yogurt and jams.
As an ingredient in personal care products, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used in cosmetics and other skin care products primarily to control the pH level, as well as for its preservative properties.

As an ingredient in supplements, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate helps control pH in the kidneys helping to prevent gout and certain types of kidney stones.
In this application Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is normally combined with Citric Acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a useful reactant in organic synthesis.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as a flavouring agent and an anticoagulant.
Moreover, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also widely used in chemical, metallurgical industry, the absorption of sulfur dioxide exhaust with the absorption rate of 99% and regenerate liquid sulfur dioxide citrate for recycle application.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a good water solubility and a excellent cheating capability with Ca2 +, Mg2 + and other metal ions.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is biodegradable and has a strong dispersing ability and anti-redeposition ability.
Daily-applied chemical detergents use Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate as alternative to trimer sodium phosphate for production of non-phosphorus detergent and phosphate-free liquid detergent.

Adding a certain amount Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate to the detergent can significantly increase the cleaning ability of detergent cleaning.
The large scale of application of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate as a builder in detergents is an important discovery in synthetic detergent industry.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is non-toxic without environmental pollution.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can also act as a buffer for the production of cosmetics.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be used as Ph adjusting agents and emulsifying enhancers applied to jam, candy, jelly and ice cream; its combination with citric acid has an effect of alleviating tour.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also has effects on forming complex with metal ions.
China rules that Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be applied to various types of food with appropriate usage according to the absolute necessity.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be used as a food additive, as complex agent and buffering agent in electroplating industry; at the field of pharmaceutical industry.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used for the manufacturing of anti-clotting drugs, and used as the detergent additives in light industry.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as the analysis agents used for chromatography analysis and can also used for preparing bacterial culture medium.
Moreover, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can also be applied into pharmaceutical industry.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be used for the flavoring processing of food, as stabilizers, buffers and deputy complex-forming agents in non-toxic electroplating industry.
At pharmaceutical industry, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as anti-clotting agent, phlegm drugs and diuretics drugs.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can also be used in brewing, injection, newspaper and movies medicines.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as an anticoagulant for collection of blood.

In photography, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as a sequestering agent to remove trace metals
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as emulsifier, acidulant and sequestrant in foods.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as an anticoagulant, also used as a biological buffer.

Food uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate: Baby Food, Infant Formula, Bakery, Cereals, Snacks, Confectionery, Dairy, Dairy Alternatives, Desserts, Ice Cream, Flavours, Fruit Preparations, Sweet Spreads, Fruits, Vegetables, Meat Alternatives, Meat, Seafood, Plant-based Products, Ready Meals, Instant Food, Sauces, Dressings, Seasonings.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate, is widely applied in food, beverages and fillers as a buffering, sequestering or an emulsifying agent.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate used as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, osmotic laxative, functional fluids, solvents cleaning, furnishing care products, laundry dishwashing products and cleaning automobile radiators.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is commonly used laboratory reagent.

Healthcare uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate: Clinical Nutrition, Medical Devices, OTC, Food Supplements, and Pharmaceutical Products
Personal Care uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate: Colour Cosmetics, Fragrances, Hair Care, Oral Care, Skin Care,, and Soap and Bath Products
Cleaners & Detergents uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate: Dish Washing, Industrial Cleaners, Laundry Care, and Surface Care.

Industrial Applications uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate: Adhesives, Sealants, Agrochemicals, Fertilisers, Construction, Fine Chemicals, Inks, Paints, Coatings, Oil Drilling, Paper, Plastics, Polymers, Textile, and Leather.
Feed & Pet Food uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate: Feed, and Pet Food

Pharma uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate: Buffering agent, Chelating agent, Mineral source.
Beverages uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate: Alcoholic Beverages, Carbonated Soft Drinks, Instant Drinks, Syrups, Juice Drinks, Plant-based, RTD Tea and Coffee, Sports and Energy Drinks, Waters.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also used as an emulsifier for oils in the cheesemaking process.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate allows cheese to melt without becoming greasy.
Historically, sodium phosphate was used to keep water and fat droplets mixed when cheese is melted.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used Soy Products Bakery Flavors.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used Table Top Product Dairy Confectionery.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used Fruits, Vegetables Meat, Seafood , Cereals, Snacks Desserts, Ice Cream Ready Meals, Instant Food.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used Fruit Preparations, Sweet Spreads Baby Food, Infant Formula.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used Sauces, Dressings, Seasoning.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate helps in enabling the melting of cheeses by not becoming greasy.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used in drinks and food as an acidity regulator.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as an emulsifier for oils.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as a pharmaceutical aid.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as an anticoagulant for the blood.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used to prevent curdling of milk.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as a food additive.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used to avoid clotting of fresh beef blood.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used in electroplating.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used Fruits & Vegetables: Jams & Jellies, Preserves, and Meat & Fish.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has significant applications in food and beverage, healthcare, and other industries.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate usage is primarily done as an emulsifier in the production of dairy products such as cheese because it can keep a dairy product fresh for many days longer than other solutions.

Sodium citric acid is also a flavoring agent in many products such as milk powders, ice cream, wine, beverages, and jams.
Metabolic acidosis uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate: Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has applications for the treatment of metabolic acidosis and chronic kidney disease.
Ferrous nanoparticles uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate: Along with oleic acid Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate may be used in the synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle coatings.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used to relieve discomfort in urinary-tract infections, such as cystitis, to reduce the acidosis seen in distal renal tubular acidosis, and can also be used as an osmotic laxative.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a major component of the WHO oral rehydration solution.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as an antacid, especially prior to anaesthesia, for caesarian section procedures to reduce the risks associated with the aspiration of gastric contents.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrateprevents and treats high acid levels in your body.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate may also be used to help prevent gout or kidney stones, conditions caused by high uric acid levels.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate works by decreasing the amount of acid in your body.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be used to treat metabolic acidosis, where the generated bicarbonate buffers excess hydrogen ions in the blood, raising its p H.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can also be used to alkalinize urine by promoting urinary excretion of free bicarbonate and therefore hydrogen ions.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be used to prevent development of renal stones that develop in acidic urine Fan et al, and in solution is administered as a bladder irritant during urological surgery.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is administered rectally as an osmotic laxative.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a compound commonly used as an acidity regulator, an emulsifier, and a flavor enhancer in a wide range of food products and as a component of electrolyte solutions in medical settings.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also used as a sequestrant, which means it can bind to metal ions in food and prevent them from reacting with other ingredients.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also often used in cheese-making as a emulsifying salt, and as a coagulant in tofu production.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is commonly added to soft drinks, ice cream, and other processed foods as a flavor enhancer and preservative.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can also be used in medical applications, such as to prevent blood clots during surgery.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also used in cosmetic products, such as shampoos and body washes, as a pH regulator and as a chelating agent to prevent discoloration and maintain the stability of the product.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a salt of citric acid.
Use a small amount of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate to make a melty cheese sauce out of any cheese.
Add to spherification liquids to neutralize the pH when needed

Commonly used as a sequestrant and pH buffer in food and beverages
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is widely used as a food preservative, for alkalization of urine to prevent kidney stones, as an anticoagulant for stored blood, and buffer.
Cosmetic manufacturers use Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate to adjust the acidity of a product.

Citrate, in the form of citric acid, is also found in citric fruits and juices.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as a flavouring agent and an anticoagulant.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used to make urine less acidic and therefore prevent the formation of kidney stones.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate/citric acid also is useful as a buffer and neutralizing agent for gastric acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is broken down to sodium bicarbonate which decreases the acidity of urine, increasing the excretion of substances that cause kidney stones.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is commonly known as sour salt and is mainly used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has major applications in food and beverage, healthcare, and other industrial ones too.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as a food additive, as a buffering agent and can also be used in medical applications.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used anticoagulant for collection of blood.

In photography; Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as sequestering agent to remove trace metals.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as emulsifier, acidulant and sequestrant in foods.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a useful and commonly used reagent.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is the sodium salt of citric acid, it is commonly added to cosmetic and food preparations as a chelating and buffering agent.
Buffers help to maintain the pH of a product and keep it stable.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also has mild antioxidant properties and can act as a co-preservative.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is in the form of TriTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate Dihydrate.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is intended for external use only.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a vital substance in the medicine and food industries.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a salt of citric acid, a natural organic acid found in citrus fruits, corn, and other foods.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is available in colorless crystals or white powder.
This is typically sold as white, crystalline triTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate dihydrate.

As a food additive, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is widely used as a flavoring agent and a preservative in the food industry.
Flavoring agents like E331 are most commonly seen.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is the sodium salt of citrate and is the compound formed after alkalinizing activity.

Citrate anions and sodium cations are formed upon absorption of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a sodium salt of citrate with alkalinizing properties.
TriTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate is another name for Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be used as a food preservative, an anticoagulant for stored blood, and an alkalizing agent for urine to eliminate kidney stones.
The three types of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate are monosodium, disodium, and triTrisodium Citrate Dihydrates.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is mildly basic and can be used along with citric acid to make biologically compatible buffers.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is primarily used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative.
In certain varieties of club soda, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is employed as a flavoring agent.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a common ingredient in Bratwurst, and is also used to contribute a tart flavor in commercial, ready-to- drink beverages and drink mixes.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is found in gelatin mix, ice-cream, jams, sweets, milk powder, processed cheeses, carbonated beverages, and wine.
If used together with Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate, it is possible for citric acid to help maintain the flavor of other types of soft drinks without adding to the tanginess.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can also provide a cool saline taste.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used Dish Washing Industrial Cleaners and Laundry Care Surface Care.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate acts as a buffering agent in cosmetics products to control their pH level.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can also be used as a preservative.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used in various cosmetic products, including baby products, make-up, bath products, hair dyes and colors and skin care products.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate in skin care is used primarily to control the pH level of a product (such as in cleansers and exfoliants).
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a salt of citric acid, which, as the name implies, can be derived from citrus fruits.
Because of its connection to citric acid, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also has antioxidant and mild, but limited, preservative properties.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has several other useful applications, including its use as a chelating agent, which keeps metals in water from binding to other ingredients and impacting their efficacy.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is supplied in crystal or powder form, and used at concentrations no higher than 12%.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate’s also a food additive used to keep food fresher longer and prevent melted cheese from becoming greasy.
In the medical field Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used to keep donated blood from clotting in storage.

A little helper ingredient, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used to adjust the pH of the product.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also helps to keep products stay nice longer by neutralizing the metal ions in the formula (they usually come from water).
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is widely used as a food preservative, anticoagulant for stored blood, and alkalization of urine to get rid of kidney stones.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate formula is Na3C6H5O7.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate gets majorly used in medicine as well as the food industry.

-Pharmaceutical industry uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes, a buffering agent in various medications, and a urinary alkalizer to help treat certain kidney conditions.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can also be used as an osmotic laxative to relieve constipation.

-Laboratory applications of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
In the laboratory setting, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is commonly used as a buffer in molecular biology experiments, particularly in gel electrophoresis and DNA extraction procedures.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate helps maintain a stable pH and protects samples from degradation.

-Pharmacodynamics uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate prevents activation of the clotting cascade by chelating calcium ions.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate neutralizes acid in the stomach and urine, raising the pH 8.

-Food applications of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as acidity regulators in food and drinks, and also as emulsifiers for oils.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate enables cheeses to melt without becoming greasy.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate reduces the acidity of food as well.

-Blood clotting inhibitor uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used to prevent donated blood from clotting in storage.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also used in a laboratory, before an operation, to determine whether a person's blood is too thick and might cause a blood clot, or if the blood is too thin to safely operate.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used in medical contexts as an alkalinizing agent in place of sodium bicarbonate, to neutralize excess acid in the blood and urine.

-Foods uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate's E number is E331.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is employed as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of club soda.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is common as an ingredient in bratwurst, and is also used in commercial ready-to-drink beverages and drink mixes, contributing a tart flavor.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is found in gelatin mix, ice cream, yogurt, jams, sweets, milk powder, processed cheeses, carbonated beverages, and wine, amongst others.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be used as an emulsifying stabilizer when making cheese.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate allows the cheese to melt without becoming greasy by stopping the fats from separating.

-Buffering uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
As a conjugate base of a weak acid, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can perform as a buffering agent or acidity regulator, resisting changes in pH.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used to control acidity in some substances, such as gelatin desserts.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be found in the milk minicontainers used with coffee machines.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is the product of antacids, such as Alka-Seltzer, when they are dissolved in water.
The pH of a solution of 5 g/100 ml water at 25 °C is 7.5 – 9.0.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is added to many commercially packaged dairy products to control the pH impact of the gastrointestinal system of humans, mainly in processed products such as cheese and yogurt, although Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also has beneficial effects on the physical gel microstructure.

-Chemistry uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a component in Benedict's qualitative solution, often used in organic analysis to detect the presence of reducing sugars such as glucose.

-Medicine uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
In 1914, the Belgian doctor Albert Hustin and the Argentine physician and researcher Luis Agote successfully used Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, with Richard Lewisohn determining its correct concentration in 1915.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate continues to be used today in blood-collection tubes and for the preservation of blood in blood banks.

The citrate ion chelates calcium ions in the blood by forming calcium citrate complexes, disrupting the blood clotting mechanism.
Recently, triTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate has also been used as a locking agent in vascath and haemodialysis lines instead of heparin due to its lower risk of systemic anticoagulation.

-Boiler descaling uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a particularly effective agent for removal of carbonate scale from boilers without removing them from operation and for cleaning automobile radiators.

-Food & Beverage uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate dihydrate is the most widely used emulsifying salt in sliced processed cheese products.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is commonly used as a buffering agent in combination with citric acid to provide precise pH control required in many food and beverage applications.

-Food and Beverage uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as an emulsifying salt in processed cheese products.
The cheese may melt without getting greasy thanks to Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate.
When combined with citric acid, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate acts as a buffering agent, allowing for precise pH regulation in various foods and beverages.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate prevents milk from curdling.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is employed in the emulsification of oils.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate's primary purpose is to act as a food additive to enhance flavor or preserve food.

-Healthcare uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is an effective blood anticoagulant.
As a result, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is frequently used for blood collection and storage.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can help to alleviate the discomfort associated with urinary tract infections.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can also be used as a laxative to treat acidosis.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate’s essential to the World Health Organization’s oral rehydration solution.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can also be used as an antacid, particularly before surgery.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is found in many pharmaceuticals, colors, cosmetics, and deodorants.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be found in hair, oral, skin, and bathing products.
To treat excess acid in the stomach, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate acts as a buffer and a neutralizing agent.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also used to treat metabolic acidosis, a type of renal problem that affects some people.

-Industrial Applications of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used in industry as a cleaner.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate aids in the removal of calcium and rust layers from hot water systems and steam lines.
In electroplating processes, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also acts as a buffering and complexing agent.

Citric acid’s chelating ability and non-toxicity benefit the textile and building industries.
To avoid microbial contamination, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as a flavoring and preservative (i.e. as a food additive).
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as an oil emulsifier in cheese production.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a buffering agent in cosmetics to keep the pH stable.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used in soft and refreshing drinks to reduce sourness and enhance flavor.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is found in dishwashing detergents, laundry detergents, and surface-active agents.

-Food and Beverage uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate gets used as an emulsifying salt in processed cheese products.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate facilitates the melting of cheese without becoming greasy.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate works as a buffering agent in combination with citric acid, and it offers accurate pH control necessary for numerous foods and beverages.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate's main job is being a food additive, either for flavor to improve taste or preservation purposes.

-Healthcare uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate works perfectly as an anticoagulant for the blood.
Thus, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate gets widely used for blood collection and storage purposes.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can provide relief from the discomfort in urinary tract infections.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also a great laxative and reduces several acidosis issues.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate’s a significant ingredient of WHO’s oral rehydration solution.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also serves as an antacid, especially before anaesthesia.
You can easily find Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate in many pharmaceutical products, colour, cosmetics, and deodorants.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate’s also present in hair care, oral care, skincare, and bathing products.

-Industrial Applications of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as an industrial cleaner.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate helps with clearing steam blocks, hot water systems of calcium and rust layers.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also serves as a buffering and complexing agent in electroplating processes.
Textile and building industry, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate gets benefited by the chelating ability and non-toxicity of citric acid.

EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
During the process of clinically taking fresh blood, adding some amount of sterile sodium citrate can play a role in prevent blood clotting; this is exactly taking advantage of the features that calcium citrate can form soluble complexes with calcium ion; In the field of medicine, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used for the in vitro anti-clotting drugs and anticoagulants drugs, phlegm drugs, and diuretics drugs during blood transfusions; it can also used for cyanide-free electroplating industry; also used as developer for photographic industry.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be used as flavoring agents, buffering materials, emulsifiers, and stabilizer in the food industry.

PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate, as either the dihydrate or anhydrous material, is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used in food products, primarily to adjust the pH of solutions.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also used as a sequestering agent. The anhydrous material is used in effervescent tablet formulations. Trisodium Citrate

Dihydrate is additionally used as a blood anticoagulant either alone or in combination with other citrates such as disodium hydrogen citrate.
Therapeutically, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used to relieve the painful irritation caused by cystitis, and also to treat dehydration and acidosis due to diarrhea.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is colorless crystals or white crystalline powder, and is odorless, cool and salty.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has no melting point with a relative density of 1.857.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is stable in air at room temperature with loss of crystal water when being heated to 150 °C loss of crystal water; further heating will cause its decomposition.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is insoluble in ethanol but highly soluble in water. 5% aqueous solution has a pH value of 7.6 to 8.6.

CHARACTERISTICS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a White, granular crystals or a white, crystalline powder; slightly deliquescent (tending to absorb moisture from the air and dissolve in it) in moist air, is freely soluble in water, and practically insoluble in ethanol (96%).
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is practically odorless and is colorless in solution.

SPECIFICATIONS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is GRAS affirmed under 21 CFR 184.1751.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate meets all requirements of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia, Food Chemical Codex, Code of Federal Regulations and European Pharmacopoeia.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate goes by EC No. 200-675-3, E Number E331 and CAS No. 6132-04-3.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is certified as Kosher.

EXCELLENT PERFORMANCE OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is currently the most important citrate.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is produced by two steps: first starch food is fermented to generate citric acid; secondly, citric acid is neutralized by alkali to generate the final products.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has the following excellent performance:

SAFE AND NONTOXIC PROPERTIES OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Since the basic raw material for the preparation of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate mainly comes from the food, it is absolutely safe and reliable without causing harm to human health.
The United Nations Food and Agriculture and the World Health Organization has no restriction in its daily intake, which means that Trisodium Citrate

Dihydrate can be considered as non-toxic food.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is biodegradable.
After subjecting to the dilution of a large amount of water, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is partially converted into citrate, which coexists with Trisodium
Citrate Dihydrate in the same system.

Citrate is easy to subject to biological degradation at water by the action of oxygen, heat, light, bacteria and microbes.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate's decomposition pathways are generally going through aconitic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid anhydride to be further converted to carbon dioxide and water.

The ability of forming complex with metal ions.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a good capability of forming complex with some metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+; for other ions such as Fe2+, it also has a good complex-forming ability.
Excellent solubility, and the solubility increases with increasing temperature of water.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a good capability for pH adjustment and a good buffering property.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a weak acid-strong alkali salt; When combined with citrate, they can form a pH buffer with strong compatibility; therefore, this is very useful for some cases in which it is not suitable to have large change of pH value.
In addition, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also has excellent retardation performance and stability.

MAIN FUNCTIONS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
*pH regulator
*Chelating agent
*Buffering agent
*Flavour enhancer
*Stabiliser
*Emulsifying agent

PROPERTIES OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
*Dihydrate
*White
*Granular crystals or crystalline powder
*Typical, practically odourless
*Pleasantly salty
*Freely soluble in water
*Practically insoluble in ethanol (96 %)
*Non-toxic
*Low reactive
*Chemically and microbiologically stable
*Fully biodegradable

PRODUCTION METHODS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is produced by the neutralization of citric acid by sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate.
Dissolve sodium bicarbonate in water upon stirring and heating; add citric acid, continue to heat up to 85-90 °C; adjust the pH to 6.8; adjust active carbon for bleaching.

Filter when the mixture is still hot; condense the filtrate under reduced pressure; cool and the crystal comes out; filter, wash, dry to obtain the final products of sodium citrate.
C6H8O7 + 3NaHCO3 → C6H5Na3O7 • 2H2O + 3CO2 ↑ + H2O

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate consists of odorless, colorless, monoclinic crystals, or a white crystalline powder with a cooling, saline taste.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is slightly deliquescent in moist air, and in warm dry air it is efflorescent.

PRODUCTION METHODS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is prepared by adding sodium carbonate to a solution of citric acid until effervescence ceases.
The resulting solution is filtered and evaporated to dryness.

FUNCTIONS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
*Sequestering Agent,
*Buffering Agent,
*Supplement,
*Stabilizer,
*Emulsifier

PURIFICATION METHODS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Crystallise the salt from warm water by cooling to 0o.

INCOMPATIBILITIES OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Aqueous solutions are slightly alkaline and will react with acidic substances.
Alkaloidal salts may be precipitated from their aqueous or hydro-alcohol solutions.
Calcium and strontium salts will cause precipitation of the corresponding citrates.
Other incompatibilities include bases, reducing agents, and oxidizing agents.

BIOCHME/PHYSIOL ACTIONS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can act as a buffering agent, resisting changes in pH.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used in blood collection tubes, the citrate chelates calcium ions in blood and thereby disrupts blood clotting.
Citrate is a intermediate in the TCA cycle and fatty acid synthesis.
Citrate is an allosteric modulator of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the enzyme that regulates the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA.

USING TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE TO RETARD PLASTER MIXES:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate, is sometimes used in plastering as a retarder or setting time regulator.
Plaster is made by mixing gypsum powder with water, and then the mixture is applied to a surface where it hardens as it dries
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be added to the water used to mix the plaster to slow down the setting time of the mixture.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be useful in situations where more time is needed to work with the plaster or to apply it to a surface, as it prevents the plaster from setting too quickly.
The amount of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate required to slow down the setting time of plaster can vary depending on the specific application and the desired outcome.

As a general guideline, a concentration of 0.2% to 0.5% of the weight of the gypsum in the plaster mixture is often used.
For example, if you are using 1 kilogram of gypsum powder to make your plaster mixture, you could add between 2 to 5 grams of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate to the water used to mix the plaster.

However, it's important to note that adding too much Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can weaken the strength of the plaster and affect its overall quality.
So, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate's recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase the concentration until you achieve the desired setting time without compromising the strength of the plaster.

SKIN CARE USES OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
The pH of a product is established and maintained by Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate.
While the skin's normal pH is slightly acidic, typically between 4.75 and 5.5, which effectively protects the skin from environmental factors such as allergens, pollutants, and bacteria, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can buffer solutions in the pH range of about 3 to 6.2.

The skin's acidity can change as a result of everything that comes into contact with Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate, including cosmetics, the sun, water, pollution, etc.
This ultimately hinders the skin's capacity to defend itself.
In order to maintain the skin's normal pH as closely as possible, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is crucial to balance the pH of cosmetics and skincare products.

A highly acidic product may irritate the skin, and a highly alkaline one may decrease its lipid contents.
By using an ingredient like Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate, cosmetic manufacturers can adjust the pH of their formulations, resulting in a product that is better suited to the skin

CLEANERS AND DETERGENTS USES OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
The major components of cleaning products are surfactants and builders.
Other ingredients are added to provide a variety of functions, e.g., increasing cleaning performance for specific soils/surfaces, ensuring product stability, and supplying a unique identity to a product.

Complex phosphates and Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate are common sequestering builders.
Builders enhance or maintain the cleaning efficiency of the surfactant.
The primary function of builders is to reduce water hardness.

This is done either by sequestration or chelation (holding hardness minerals in solution); by precipitation (forming an insoluble substance); or by ion exchange (trading electrically charged particles).
Builders can also supply and maintain alkalinity, which assists cleaning, especially of acid soils; help keep removed soil from redepositing during washing, and emulsify oily and greasy soils.

FUNCTIONS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
*Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate acts as an emulsifier
*Buffering agent
*Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate acts as a sequestrant

ALTERNATIVES OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
*SODIUM POLYASPARTATE,
*SODIUM PHYTATE,
*SORBIC ACID,
*BENZOIC ACID

PROPERTIES OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate's molecular formula is Na3C6H5O7, and its molecular weight or molar mass is 258.068 g/mol.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate's appearance is white and comes in the form of crystalline powder, or granular crystals.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate’s soluble in water and becomes deliquescent upon contact with moist air.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate’s insoluble in alcohol.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a sour taste like citric acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a total number of seven hydrogen bond acceptors and one hydrogen bond donor.

Monoisotopic mass of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is 257.973 g/mol.
The melting point of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is anywhere > (greater than) 3000 Celsius or 572 oF; 573K.

TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE AT A GLANCE:
*Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a salt of citric acid, which can be derived from citrus
*Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is primarily used to control the pH level of a product
*Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has antioxidant and preservative properties
*Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also used in food and medical applications

WHAT DOES TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Buffering
*Chelating
*Preservative

FORMULA OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate's constituents are sodium and citric acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate's molecular formula is
C6H5Na3O7 or C6H5O7.3Na or Na3C6H5O7.

TriTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate or Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate are the IUPAC names for Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also known by other names, such as Natrocitral Citrosodine.

Formation of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate
When citric acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate in the presence of water in a bath bomb, this is formed.
C6H8O7 + 3NaHCO3 + H2O ⇢ Na3C6H5O7 + 3H2O + 3CO2

WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE ON THE BODY?
This is nothing more than a sodium salt with a citric acid base.
To reduce the urine’s acidity, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate medication is used.
As a result, the kidneys can excrete uric acid, which can help prevent kidney stones and gout.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can also treat and prevent kidney disease and metabolic issues such as acidosis.
In coagulation tests, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also functions as an anticoagulant.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can aid in the prevention of coagulation by forming a calcium ion complex.
In all of these ways, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used to treat and prevent diseases.

EXPLAIN THE SOLUBILITY OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is stable in dry air but becomes anhydrous when exposed to 150 °C.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is 1.3 parts water soluble and 0.6 parts boiling water soluble.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is almost entirely insoluble in alcohol.
According to material safety data sheets, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate's solubility at 25° C is 29 grams/Liter and 42.5 grams/100 according to International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC).

HOW TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE IS PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY?
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is typically produced by mixing a bit of sodium carbonate monohydrate with a hot aqueous five-citric acid solution.
The resulting solution is evaporated until crystallization occurs. Another way to make Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is to decompose calcium citrate with an alkali metal salt.
The sodium salt of ten citric acids is known to exist in two forms: the so-called pentahydrate,15, and the di-hydrate CsH5O7Na3.2H2O

CONCLUSION OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate, also called triTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate is formed when citric acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate in the presence of water in a bath bomb.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a compound widely used in industries, healthcare, food, and beverages.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a familiar pH adjuster and water softener.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be found in many personal care products, including liquid laundry detergent, shampoo, conditioner, sunscreen, facial moisturizer, makeup, and soap.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also commonly used to control acidity in foods and pharmaceuticals.

SAFETY PROFILE OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has reviewed scientific literature and data on the safety of citric acid and its esters and salts, like Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate.

Their findings showed that citric acid, its esters, and salts did not irritate the eyes or cause skin irritation or allergic skin reactions at concentrations used in cosmetics and skincare products.
In light of the available scientific evidence, the Expert Panel came to the conclusion that citric acid, its esters, and salts were safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products under the circumstances at hand.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
CAS number: 6132-04-3
EC number: 200-675-3
Hill Formula: C₆H₅Na₃O₇ * 2 H₂O
Molar Mass: 294.10 g/mol
HS Code: 2918 15 00
Melting Point: 300 °C (anhydrous substance)
pH value: 7.5 - 9.0 (50 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Bulk density: 600 kg/m3
Solubility: 720 g/l
Molecular Weight: 294.10 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 9
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 293.99396471 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 293.99396471 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 143Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 18
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 211
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 6
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: solid
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: 300 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 7,5 - 9 at 29,4 g/l at 25 °C

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility 29,4 g/l at 20 °C - completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Bulk density: ca.600 kg/m3
CAS NUMBER: 6132-04-3
MOLECULAR FORMULA: C6H5O7Na3·2H2O
BEILSTEIN REGISTRY NUMBER: 6104939
EC NUMBER: 200-675-3
MDL NUMBER: MFCD00150031
CBNumber:CB9752065
Molecular Formula:C6H9Na3O9

Molecular Weight:294.1
MDL Number:MFCD00150031
MOL File:6132-04-3.mol
Melting point: >300 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.76
FEMA: 3026 | SODIUM CITRATE
Flash point: 173.9 °C
storage temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 100 mg/mL
form: powder
color: white
PH: 7.0-9.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 7.5 - 9 at 29.4 g/l at 25 °C
Water Solubility: 720 g/L (25 ºC)
λmax:
λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
Merck: 14,8602
BRN: 6104939

Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with bases, reducing agents, oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K
LogP: -1.72
CAS DataBase Reference: 6132-04-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: B22547B95K
EPA Substance Registry System: 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt, dihydrate (6132-04-3)
IUPAC Name: trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;dihydrate
Molecular Weight: 294.10
Molecular Formula: C6H9Na3O9
Canonical SMILES: C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H8O7.3Na.2H2O/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;;2*1H2/q;3*+1;;/p-3
InChIKey: NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K
Boiling Point: 309.6 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 300ºC
Flash Point: 155.2ºC
Density: 1.76 g/cm3
Solubility: Solubility in water, g/100ml: 77
Appearance: White powder or crystals
Storage: Store at RT.
Hazard Codes: Xi
Log P: -5.38120
PSA: 159.8

Refractive Index: 1.58
Risk Statements R37/38
RTECS: GE7810000
Safety Statements: S24/25
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with bases, reducing agents, oxidizing agents.
Molecular Formula: C6H5O7Na3 ● 2 H2O
Molecular Weight: 294.10
CAS Number: 6132-04-3
E-NR: E 331
EINECS: 20-06-753
CAS No: 6132–04–3
EINECS No: 200–675–3
Empirical formula: C6H5Na3O7 . 2H2O
Molecular mass: 294.10 g/mol
Density: 1.7g/cm3
Appearance: colourless crystals or white, granular powder
pH: 8 – 8.7 at 50g/L at 25C
Melting point: >300 C
Solubility in water: 760 g/L (25C)
Easily soluble in hot water.
Soluble in cold water.

Insoluble in alcohol.
Soluble in 1.3 parts water.
Soluble in 0.6 parts boiling water.
Formula: Na₃C₆H₅O₇·2H₂O
MW: 294,1 g/mol
Melting Pt: 150 °C
Density: 1,76 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Storage Temperature: Ambient
MDL Number: MFCD00150031
CAS Number: 6132-04-3
EINECS: 200-675-3
Merck Index: 13,08675
Density: 1.76
Boiling Point: 309.6ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: >300 °C(lit.)
Molecular Formula: C6H9Na3O9
Molecular Weight: 294.10
Flash Point: 173.9 °C
Exact Mass: 293.993958
PSA: 159.08000
Index of Refraction: 1.58
Storage condition: Store at RT.
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with bases, reducing agents, oxidizing agents.
Water Solubility: 720 g/L (25 ºC)

FIRST AID MEASURES of TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

SYNONYMS:
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid
2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, hydrate (1:3:2)
Citric acid, trisodium salt, dihydrate
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid
2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt, dihydrate
Sodium citrate dihydrate
Trisodium citrate dihydrate
N 1560
Trisodium citrate dihydrate
Sodium citrate dihydrate
6132-04-3
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate
Sodium citrate hydrate
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid
2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt, dihydrate
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate
MFCD00150031
B22547B95K
Nauzene
trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;dihydrate
DTXSID1049437
SODIUM CITRATE, DIHYDRATE
Citric acid, trisodium salt, dihydrate
N-1560
Sodium citrate hydrous
Natrii citras, dehydrate
Trisodium citrate dihydrate
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate
MFCD00130806
tri-sodium citrate dihydrate
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE (II)
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [II]
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE (USP MONOGRAPH)
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
sodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
Sodiumcitrate
Tricitrasol
Natrum citricum
Emetrol Chewables
Tricitrasol (TN)
Sodium citrate
Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
Sodium Citrate Dihydrate
Sodium citrate (TN)
CVS HealthNausea Relief
Emetrol Chewables Orange
Sodium citrate [USP:JAN]
Sodiumcitratetribasicdihydrate
Emetrol Chewables Mixed Berry
SODIUM CITRATE [FHFI]
DTXCID0029397
Sodium citrate hydrate (JP17)
UNII-B22547B95K
CHEBI:32142
Trisodium citrate dihydrate, ACS
NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K
SODIUM CITRATE HYDROUS [II]
SODIUM CITRATE HYDRATE [JAN]
SODIUM CITRATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [MI]
AKOS025293920
Citronensaeure,Trinatrium-Salz-Dihydrat
Sodium citrate dihydrate, >=99%, FG
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [VANDF]
BP-31019
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [WHO-DD]
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, >=98%
Sodium citrate dihydrate, ACS reagent grade
SODIUM CITRATE, DIHYDRATE [WHO-IP]
D01781
F82065
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, AR, >=99%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, LR, >=99%
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate ACS reagent
NATRII CITRAS, DEHYDRATE [WHO-IP LATIN]
A833161
A835986
Q22075862
Sodium citrate dihydrate Biochemical grade, Fine Granular
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, USP, 99.0-100.5%
Sodium Citrate Tribasic Dihydrate (Molecular Biology Grade)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, ACS reagent, >=99.0%
trisodium 2-oxidanylpropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrateTrisodium citrate dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioUltra, >=99.0% (NT)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, insect cell culture tested
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, JIS special grade, >=99.0%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, purum p.a., >=99.0% (NT)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, tested according to Ph.Eur.
trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate--water (1/2)
Trisodium citrate dihydrate, meets USP testing specifications
2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid trisodium salt dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioXtra, >=99.0% (titration)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, for molecular biology, >=99%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Sodium citrate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, 99-101%
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, hydrate (1:3:2)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (NT)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.0% (NT)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, suitable for amino acid analysis, >=99.0%
Sodium Citrate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.5%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, suitable for amino acid analysis, >=98% (titration), powder
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate
Trisodium Citrate, Sodium Citrate, Dihydrate
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate
Trisodium citrate dihydrate
Citric Acid Trisodium Salt Dihydrate
Trisodium citrate dihydrate
Citronensaeure-tri-na-salz-dihydrat
Natriumcitrat-Dihydrat
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid
2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt, dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate
Sodium Citrate, trisodium salt
CITRIC ACID MONO
SODIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC DIHYDRATE
TRI-SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE
SodiuM Citrate (AS);NATRII CITRAS
SODIUM CITRATE, DIHYDRATE
ACIDUM CITRICUM MONOHYDRICUM
CITRIC ACID TRISODIUM SALT DIHYDRATE
BETA-HYDROXY-TRICARBOXYLIC ACID MONOHYDRATE
abs9147
Sodium citrate dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid
2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt, dihydrate
Citric Acid Trisodium Salt Dihydrate
Trisodium citrate dihydrate
Citronensaeure-tri-na-salz-dihydrat
Natriumcitrat-Dihydrat
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid
2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt, dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate
Sodium Citrate, trisodium salt
Sodium citrate dihydrate
Trisodium citrate, trisodium salt of 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid
trisodium salt of -hydroxy-tricarballylic acid
Natrocitral
Citrate sodique
Sodium Citrate Dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate,Sodium Citrate
Dihydrate,Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate
Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate
TriTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate
Citrosodine
Citric acid, trisodium salt
E331
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate
68-04-2
TRITRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate anhydrous
Citrosodine
Natrocitral
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate, anhydrous
Citric acid, trisodium salt
TriTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate, anhydrous
anhydrous Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate
Citric acid trisodium salt
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt
Sodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
FEMA No. 3026
CCRIS 3293
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate (Na3C6H5O7)
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate,anhydrous
HSDB 5201
trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
trisodium-citrate
Anhydrous triTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate
UNII-RS7A450LGA
EINECS 200-675-3
Bicitra
Pneucid
Trisodium 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate
994-36-5
CHEBI:53258
RS7A450LGA
INS NO.331(III)
INS-331(III)
EC 200-675-3
E-331(III)
trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
MFCD00012462
FEMA NO. 3026, ANHYDROUS-
Citrosodina
Citnatin
Citreme
Citrosodna
EINECS 213-618-2
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate hydrous
TriTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate anhydrous
Natrii citras, dehydrate
E 331
Sodium 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate
UNII-68538UP9SE
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt
EINECS 242-734-6
C6H5Na3O7
EC 242-734-6
Oracit
Natrii citras
tri-Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate salt
Albright's Solution
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:3)
sodium (iii) citrate
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate (USP)
Modified Shohl's Solution
Anticoagulant Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate
1Q73Q2JULR
CHEMBL1355
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE (II)
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [MI]
Citrate Concentrated Solution
DTXSID2026363
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE (USP-RS)
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [WHO-IP]
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, trisodium salt
Citric acid trisodium salt, 99%
HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE, UNSPECIFIED
NATRII CITRAS [WHO-IP LATIN]
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE (USP IMPURITY)
AKOS015915009
DB09154
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE ANHYDROUS [HSDB]
ANHYDROUS TRITRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [II]
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE, UNSPECIFIED FORM
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE,ANHYDROUS [VANDF]
8055-55-8
AC-15008
E331
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate dihydrate USP Fine Granular
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE, ANHYDROUS [WHO-IP]
FT-0623960
EN300-74572
D05855
D77308
ANHYDROUS TRITRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Q409728
J-520101
Citric acid trisodium salt, anhydrous, >=98% (GC)
Citric acid trisodium salt, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanenetricarboxylic acid trisodium salt dihydrate
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate tribasic dihydrate
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate
TriTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate dihydrate
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid
2-hydroxy, trisodium salt
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:3)
Citric acid, trisodium salt
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid trisodium salt
Citnatin
Citra-lock
Citreme
Citrosodina
Citrosodine
Cystemme
Iona
Natrocitral
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate anhydrous
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate H
Unifine P 3
Urisal
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt
Citric acid, trisodium salt
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate anhydrous
TriTrisodium Citrate Dihydrate
Citrato de trisodio, dihidrato
Citrate de trisodium, dihydrate
Trisodio citrato diidrato
Trinatriumcitraatdihydraat
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanenetricarboxylic Acid Trisodium Salt Dihydrate
2-Hydroxy-,1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic Acid Trisodium Salt (9CI)
Citric Acid, Trisodium Salt (8CI)
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate (Na3C6H5O7) (7CI)

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is the dihydrate of trisodium citrate.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a role as an anticoagulant.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate contains a sodium citrate.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate (C6H5Na3O7.2H2O) is a tribasic salt of citric acid.

CAS Number: 6132-04-3
EC Number 200-675-3
Molecular Formula: C6H9Na3O9 or C6H5Na3O7.2H2O

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a sour taste similar to citric acid, and is salty as well.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is produced by complete neutralisation of citric acid with high purity sodium hydroxide or carbonate and subsequent crystallisation.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate occurs as white, granular crystals or as white, crystalline powder with a pleasant, salty taste.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is slightly deliquescent in moist air, freely soluble in water and practically insoluble in ethanol (96 %).
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a non-toxic, neutral salt with low reactivity.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is chemically stable if stored at ambient temperatures.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is fully biodegradable and can be disposed of with regular waste or sewage.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is available in various granulations.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is soluble in water.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is insoluble in alcohol.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is produced by complete neutralisation of citric acid with high purity sodium hydroxide or carbonate and subsequent crystallisation.
Citric acid is the product of a microbial fermentation using carbohydrate substrates.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a chemical compound that is used as a buffer and to maintain the pH of solutions.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is free soluble in water, practically insoluble in ethanol(96 percent).
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is produced by complete neutralization of citric acid with high purity sodium source (sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate) and subsequent crystallization.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is manufactured by neutralizing citric acid derived from a submerged fermentation process.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is considered “GRAS” (Generally Recognized As Safe) by the United States Food and Drug

Administration without restriction as to the quantity of use within good manufacturing practice.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also considered by the Experts Committee of the FAO/WHO to be a safe food additive without limitation according to good manufacturing practice.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is manufactured to meet the monograph specifications of major world codex and pharmacopoeia standards including the USP, FCC, BP, EP, FAO/WHO.
Cargill Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is available as translucent white crystals and has a slight saline taste.
Water of crystallization constitutes approximately twelve percent by weight of the dihydrate form.

Citrate is a intermediate in the Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate cycle and fatty acid synthesis.
Citrate is an allosteric modulator of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the enzyme that regulates the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate possesses a saline, mildly tart flavor.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a useful reactant in organic synthesis.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate consists of colourless to white crystals and is practically odourless.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is produced by complete neutralisation of citric acid with high purity sodium hydroxide or carbonate and subsequent crystallisation.
Citric acid is the product of a microbial fermentation using carbohydrate substrates.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate, (molecular formula: Na3C6H5O7 • 2H2O) has molecular weight of 294.1, is a colorless crystal or white crystalline powder product; it is odorless, salty taste, and cool.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate will lose its crystal water at 150 & deg;C and will be decomposed at even higher temperature.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also has slight deliquescence in wet air and has weathering property upon hot air.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is soluble in water and glycerol, but insoluble in alcohol and some other organic solvents.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a versatile chemical substance used in a variety of applications in different industries.

In the medical field, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as an anticoagulant but it is also an ingredient in many personal care products.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be used as Ph adjusting agents and emulsifying enhancers applied to jam, candy, jelly and ice cream; its combination with citric acid has an effect of alleviating tour.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also has effects on forming complex with metal ions.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is white powder or colourless crystals.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is the tribasic dihydrate sodium salt of citric acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is commonly used laboratory reagent.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
In the cleaning industry Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is commonly used because of its excellent cleaning characteristics and its unusual property of being almost neutral yet portraying the characteristics of an acid as in descalers and an alkali as in degreasers.
Cleaning products include laundry powders and detergents, toilet cleaners, hard surface cleaners, carpet cleaners, dish washing liquids, powder and liquid degreasers and pre-soaks.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is becoming more and more popular now as it is considered environmentally friendly, it substitutes phosphates and is readily biodegradable.
In industry Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate finds many uses including alkaline degreaser baths, electroplating chemicals for copper and nickel etc, photo chemicals.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also used in the paper and pulp industries and the textiles industry.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is often used as a food preservative, and as a flavoring in the food industry.
In the pharmaceutical industry it is used to control pH.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate may be used as an alkalizing agent, buffering agent, emulsifier, or sequestering agent.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is widely used in foods, beverages and various technical applications mainly as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate, is widely applied in food, beverages and fillers as a buffering, sequestering or an emulsifying agent.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate used as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, osmotic laxative, functional fluids, solvents cleaning, furnishing care products, laundry dishwashing products and cleaning automobile radiators.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate, is widely applied in food, beverages and fillers as a buffering, sequestering or an emulsifying agent.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate used as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, osmotic laxative, functional fluids, solvents cleaning, furnishing care products, laundry dishwashing products and cleaning automobile radiators.

Sodium salts of citric acid are used as buffers and food preservatives.
They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is the dihydrate of trisodium citrate.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a role as an anticoagulant.
Sodium salts of citric acid are used as buffers and food preservatives. Citric acid is one of compounds responsible for the physiological oxidation of fats, carbohydrates and proteins to carbon dioxide.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate is widely used as an excellent pH regulator and odourless buffering agent for bath and shower gels, creams, styling or decorative products.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is often used as an acidity regulator in pharmaceutical formulations and food products.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate has been shown to be effective at reducing the matrix effect and increasing the concentration response, which can lead to better analytical results.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, which may be due to its ability to prevent fatty acid production by inhibiting the enzyme lipase.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is widely used in foods, beverages and various technical applications mainly as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is often used as a food preservative, and as a flavoring in the food industry.
In the pharmaceutical industry Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used to control pH.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used to enhance flavour and maintain stability of active ingredients in food and beverages.

In detergent industry, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can replace STPP as a kind of assistant.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can also be used in fermentation, injection, photography and metal plating.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is mildly basic and can be used along with citric acid to make biologically compatible buffers.

Trisodium Citrate is a white odorless chemical used as a food additive.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is typically used as a flavoring agent or as a preservative.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as flavoring agent in carbonated beverages contributing a tart flavor.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also found in gelatin mix, ice cream, yogurt, jams, sweets, milk powder, processed cheeses and bratwurst.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as raw material for pharmaceuticals / Food additives.
A biological buffer, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used for cell culture, in vitro, enzyme assays and some electrophoretic applications at physiological pH.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used in toothpastes & dental creams, effervescent denture cleansers, mouth rinses and oral hygiene products.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is commonly used in various technical and industrial applications mainly as a pH buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also used as a retarder for mortar mixes.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is effective to retard plaster mixes.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate must be used carefully as adding too much will prevent the plaster curing properly.
Premix the citrate in water first and add to the plaster mix.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate, also known as sodium citrate, is an organic compound that has white to colorless crystals.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is odourless, with a cool salty taste. Stable in room temperature and air, slightly soluble in wet air, weathering in hot air.
Lose crystal water heated to 150 ℃.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is easily soluble in water, glycerol, alcohol and other organic solvents.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is decomposed by overheating, slightly deliviate in humid environment and slightly weathering in hot air.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is manufactured by neutralizing citric acid derived from a submerged fermentation process.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is available as translucent white crystals and has a slight saline taste.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is produced by complete neutralization of citric acid with high purity sodium source and subsequent crystallization.

Buffers pH and enhances action of methyl parabens.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate, from Junbunzlauer is a buffering, sequestering and emulsifying agent.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid and appears as a white granular powder that is non-toxic, freely soluble in water and practically insoluble in ethanol.

Due to its versatile nature, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is perfect for many areas, including Food and Beverages, Cosmetics and Industrial applications.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is widely used in foods, beverages and various technical applications mainly as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has no toxic effect, and has pH adjusting capability as well as having a good stability, and therefore can be used in the food industry.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has the greatest demand when being used as a food additive.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as food additives.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is mainly used as flavoring agents, buffers, emulsifiers, bulking agents, stabilizers and preservatives.

In addition, combination between Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate and citric acid can be used in a variety of jams, jelly, juice, drinks, cold drinks, dairy products and pastries gelling agents, flavoring agents and nutritional supplements.

In the food industry, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as a flavor enhancer, acidity regulator, and emulsifier.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also an essential ingredient in dishwasher tablets, industrial cleaners, detergents, etc.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate gets used in a many different places in food and beverage manufacture, though it's mainly used as a food additive for flavor and / or as a preservative.

Soft drinks, energy drinks, and club soda all use Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate for its tart flavour.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also used as a pH buffering agent in places like gelatins or mini milk containers.
It is also used as an anti-coagulant, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is ideal for keeping the fat globules from sticking together in the manufacture of many things such as ice cream.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be used as a food additive, as complex agent and buffering agent in electroplating industry; at the field of pharmaceutical industry.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used for the manufacturing of anti-clotting drugs; and used as the detergent additives in light industry.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as the analysis agents used for chromatography analysis and can also used for preparing bacterial culture medium.

Moreover, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can also be applied into pharmaceutical industry.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be used for the flavoring processing of food, as stabilizers, buffers and deputy complex-forming agents in non-toxic electroplating industry; at pharmaceutical industry.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as anti-clotting agent, phlegm drugs and diuretics drugs.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can also be used in brewing, injection, newspaper and movies medicines.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as an anticoagulant for collection of blood.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used in photography; as sequestering agent to remove trace metals; as emulsifier, acidulant and sequestrant in foods.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as an anticoagulant also used as a biological buffer

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate, is widely applied in food, beverages and fillers as a buffering, sequestering or an emulsifying agent.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate used as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, osmotic laxative, functional fluids, solvents cleaning, furnishing care products, laundry dishwashing products and cleaning automobile radiators.

-Pharmaceutical Applications:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate, as either the dihydrate or anhydrous material, is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used in food products, primarily to adjust the pH of solutions.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also used as a sequestering agent.
The anhydrous material is used in effervescent tablet formulations.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is additionally used as a blood anticoagulant either alone or in combination with other citrates such as disodium hydrogen citrate.
Therapeutically, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used to relieve the painful irritation caused by cystitis, and also to treat dehydration and acidosis due to diarrhea.

-Applications of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
• anticoagulant activity
• use as buffer or food preservatives
• citrate solution is designed to break protein cross-links
• as a calcium chelator

-Applications of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
*Food
*Beverages
*Healthcare
*Personal Care
*Cleaners & Detergents

-Industrial Applications of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
*Feed & Pet Food
*Pharma

-Uses of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate:
*Buffering agent.
*Manufacture of household cleaners, degreasers and detergents.

CHARACTERISTICS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium citrate dihydrate occurs as white, granular crystals or as white, crystalline powder.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is an odourless substance with a pleasant, salty taste.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is slightly deliquescent in moist air, freely soluble in water and practically insoluble in ethanol (96%).

Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a non-toxic, neutral salt with low reactivity.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is chemically stable if stored at ambient
temperatures.
Although Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is not very hygroscopic, caking may occur upon prolonged storage at humidities higher than 70 %.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is fully biodegradable and can be disposed of with regular waste or sewage.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is colorless crystals or white crystalline powder, and is odorless, cool and salty.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has no melting point with a relative density of 1.857.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is stable in air at room temperature with loss of crystal water when being heated to 150 °C loss of crystal water; further heating will cause its decomposition.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is insoluble in ethanol but highly soluble in water. 5% aqueous solution has a pH value of 7.6 to 8.6.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate consists of odorless, colorless, monoclinic crystals, or a white crystalline powder with a cooling, saline taste.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is slightly deliquescent in moist air, and in warm dry air it is efflorescent.

EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
During the process of clinically taking fresh blood, adding some amount of sterile sodium citrate can play a role in prevent blood clotting; this is exactly taking advantage of the features that calcium citrate can form soluble complexes with calcium ion.
In the field of medicine, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used for the in vitro anti-clotting drugs and anticoagulants drugs, phlegm drugs, and diuretics drugs during blood transfusions.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can also used for cyanide-free electroplating industry.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also used as developer for photographic industry.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be used as flavoring agents, buffering materials, emulsifiers, and stabilizer in the food industry.

Moreover, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also widely used in chemical, metallurgical industry, the absorption of sulfur dioxide exhaust with the absorption rate of 99% and regenerate liquid sulfur dioxide citrate for recycle application.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a good water solubility and a excellent cheating capability with Ca2 +, Mg2 + and other metal ions.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is biodegradable and has a strong dispersing ability and anti-redeposition ability.
Daily-applied chemical detergents use Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate as alternative to trimer sodium phosphate for production of non-phosphorus detergent and phosphate-free liquid detergent.
Adding a certain amount Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate to the detergent can significantly increase the cleaning ability of detergent cleaning.

The large scale of application of sodium tripolyphosphate as a builder in detergents is an important discovery in synthetic detergent industry.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is non-toxic without environmental pollution.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can also be acted as a buffer for the production of cosmetics.

KEY BENEFITS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
• Non-toxic
• Low Reactivity
• Chemically stable
• Fully biodegradable
• Can be disposed of with regular waste or sewage

FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as acidity regulator, flavor agent and stabilizer in food and beverage industry.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used as an anticoagulant, phlegm dispersant and diuretic in the pharmaceutical industry.
In detergent industry, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can be substituted as non-toxic detergent additive.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also used in brewing, injection, photographic medicine and electroplating.

EXCELLENT PERFORMANCE OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is currently the most important citrate.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is produced by two steps: first starch food is fermented to generate citric acid; secondly, citric acid is neutralized by alkali to generate the final products.

PROPERTIES OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
*Dihydrate
*White
*Granular crystals or crystalline powder
*Typical, practically odourless
*Pleasantly salty
*Freely soluble in water
*Practically insoluble in ethanol (96 %)
*Non-toxic
*Low reactive
*Chemically and microbiologically stable
*Fully biodegradable

MAIN FUNCTIONS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
*pH regulator
*Chelating agent
*Buffering agent
*Flavour enhancer
*Stabiliser
*Emulsifying agent

PRODUCTION METHODS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is produced by the neutralization of citric acid by sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate.
Dissolve sodium bicarbonate in water upon stirring and heating; add citric acid, continue to heat up to 85-90 °C; adjust the pH to 6.8; adjust active carbon for bleaching.
Filter when the mixture is still hot; condense the filtrate under reduced pressure; cool and the crystal comes out; filter, wash, dry to obtain the final products of
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate.
C6H8O7 + 3NaHCO3 → C6H5Na3O7 • 2H2O + 3CO2 ↑ + H2O
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is prepared by adding sodium carbonate to a solution of citric acid until effervescence ceases.
The resulting solution is filtered and evaporated to dryness.

SAFE AND NONTOXIC PROPERTIES OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Since the basic raw material for the preparation of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate mainly comes from the food, it is absolutely safe and reliable without causing harm to human health.
The United Nations Food and Agriculture and the World Health Organization has no restriction in its daily intake, which means that this product can be considered as non-toxic food.

It is biodegradable.
After subjecting to the dilution of a large amount of water, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is partially converted into citrate, which coexists with sodium citrate in the same system.

Citrate is easy to subject to biological degradation at water by the action of oxygen, heat, light, bacteria and microbes.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate's decomposition pathways are generally going through aconitic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid anhydride to be further converted to carbon dioxide and water.

The ability to form complexes with metal ions.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a good capability of forming complex with some metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+; for other ions such as Fe2+, it also has a good complex-forming ability.
Excellent solubility, and the solubility increases with increasing temperature of water.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a good capability for pH adjustment and a good buffering property.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a weak acid-strong alkali salt; When combined with citrate, they can form a pH buffer with strong compatibility; therefore, this is very useful for some cases in which it is not suitable to have large change of pH value.
In addition, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate also has excellent retardation performance and stability.

BIOCHEM/PHYSIOL ACTIONS OF TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate can act as a buffering agent, resisting changes in pH.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is used in blood collection tubes, the citrate chelates calcium ions in blood and thereby disrupts blood clotting.
Citrate is a intermediate in the TCA cycle and fatty acid synthesis.
Citrate is an allosteric modulator of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the enzyme that regulates the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
Molecular Weight: 294.10
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 9
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 293.99396471
Monoisotopic Mass: 293.99396471
Topological Polar Surface Area: 143 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 18
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 211
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 6
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS number: 6132-04-3
EC number: 200-675-3
Hill Formula: C₆H₅Na₃O₇ * 2 H₂O
Molar Mass: 294.10 g/mol
HS Code: 2918 15 00
Melting Point: 300 °C (anhydrous substance)
pH value: 7.5 - 9.0 (50 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Bulk density: 600 kg/m3
Solubility: 720 g/l

Appearance Form: powder
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: 7,5 - 9 at 29,4 g/l at 25 °C
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: > 300 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: 29,4 g/l at 20 °C - completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available

Water Solubility: 73.7 mg/mL
logP: -0.55
logP: -1.3
logS: -0.54
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 3.05
pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.2
Physiological Charge: -3
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 7
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 140.62 Å2
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Refractivity: 68.14 m3·mol-1
Polarizability: 14.27 Å3
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No

Melting Point: 150°C (in -2H2O)
Density: 1.76
Odor: Odorless
Quantity: 10,000 g
Beilstein: 6104939
Merck Index: 14,8602
Solubility Information: Soluble in water.
Insoluble in alcohol.
Formula Weight: 294.10 (258.07 Anhydrous)
Percent Purity: 99%
Chemical Name or Material: Trisodium citrate dihydrate
CAS No: 6132–04–3
EINECS No: 200–675–3
Empirical formula: C6H5Na3O7 . 2H2O
Molecular mass: 294.10 g/mol
Density: 1.7g/cm3
Appearance: colourless crystals or white, granular powder
pH: 8 – 8.7 at 50g/L at 25C
Melting point: >300 C
Solubility in water: 760 g/L (25C)

Easily soluble in hot water.
Soluble in cold water.
Insoluble in alcohol.
Soluble in 1.3 parts water.
Soluble in 0.6 parts boiling water.
Melting point: >300 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.76
FEMA: 3026 | SODIUM CITRATE
Flash point: 173.9 °C
storage temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 100 mg/mL
form: powder
color: white
PH: 7.0-9.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 7.5 - 9 at 29.4 g/l at 25 °C
Water Solubility: 720 g/L (25 ºC)
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
Merck: 14,8602
BRN: 6104939
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with bases, reducing agents, oxidizing agents.

Appearance: White crystals or crystalline powder
Odor: Characteristic
Clarity and color of Solution: Conforms
Loss on drying: 11.0 - 13.0%
Usage: acidity regulator etc.
Pb: < 10ppm
Assay: 99.0 - 101.0%
Chemical formula: C6H5O7Na3.2H2O
Sulfate (SO4): 150 ppm max
Chloride (Cl): 50 ppm max
Alkalinity: Conforms
Oxalate: 300 ppm max
Storage: in the shade cool
Boiling Point: 309.6 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 300ºC
Flash Point:155.2ºC
Density: 1.76 g/cm3
Solubility: Solubility in water, g/100ml: 77
Appearance: White powder or crystals
Storage: Store at RT.
Hazard Codes: Xi
Log P: -5.38120
PSA: 159.8
Refractive Index: 1.58
Risk Statements: R37/38
RTECS: GE7810000
Safety Statements: S24/25
Stability: Stable.

FIRST AID MEASURES of TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

SYNONYMS:
Trisodium citrate dihydrate
Sodium citrate dihydrate
6132-04-3
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate
Sodium citrate hydrate
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt, dihydrate
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate
trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;dihydrate
MFCD00150031
trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
SODIUM CITRATE, DIHYDRATE
B22547B95K
Citric acid, trisodium salt, dihydrate
Sodium citrate hydrous
Trisodium citrate dihydrate;Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate
MFCD00130806
tri-sodium citrate dihydrate
sodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
Sodiumcitrate
N-1560
Natrum citricum
Tricitrasol (TN)
Sodium citrate (TN)
Sodium citrate [USP:JAN]
Sodiumcitratetribasicdihydrate
SODIUM CITRATE [FHFI]
DTXSID1049437
Sodium citrate hydrate (JP17)
UNII-B22547B95K
CHEBI:32142
Trisodium citrate dihydrate, ACS
SODIUM CITRATE HYDROUS [II]
SODIUM CITRATE HYDRATE [JAN]
SODIUM CITRATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [MI]
AKOS025293920
Citronensaeure,Trinatrium-Salz-Dihydrat
Sodium citrate dihydrate, >=99%, FG
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [VANDF]
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [II]
BP-31019
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [WHO-DD]
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, >=98%
Sodium citrate dihydrate, ACS reagent grade
SODIUM CITRATE, DIHYDRATE [WHO-IP]
D01781
F82065
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, AR, >=99%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, LR, >=99%
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate ACS reagent
NATRII CITRAS, DEHYDRATE [WHO-IP LATIN]
A833161
A835986
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Q22075862
Sodium citrate dihydrate Biochemical grade, Fine Granular
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, USP, 99.0-100.5%
Sodium Citrate Tribasic Dihydrate (Molecular Biology Grade)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, ACS reagent, >=99.0%
trisodium 2-oxidanylpropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrateTrisodium citrate dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioUltra, >=99.0% (NT)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, insect cell culture tested
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, JIS special grade, >=99.0%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, purum p.a., >=99.0% (NT)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, tested according to Ph.Eur.
trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate--water (1/2)
Trisodium citrate dihydrate, meets USP testing specifications
2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid trisodium salt dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioXtra, >=99.0% (titration)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, for molecular biology, >=99%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Sodium citrate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, 99-101%
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, hydrate (1:3:2)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (NT)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.0% (NT)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, suitable for amino acid analysis, >=99.0%
Sodium Citrate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.5%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, suitable for amino acid analysis, >=98% (titration), powder
Sodium Citrate, Dihydrate
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate
Sodium Citrate Dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate
Trisodium citrate
Sodium citrate dihydrate
Citric acid tridosium salt dihydrate
Trisodium citrate, dihydrate, Citric acid
Trisodium Salt, Dihydrate,
Sodium citrate dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-
trisodium salt, dihydrate
2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid trisodium salt dihydrate
Sodium citrate hydrate
Trisodium citrate dihydrate
Sodium citrate dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate
Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt, dihydrate
CITRIC ACID MONO
SODIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC DIHYDRATE
TRI-SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE
SodiuM Citrate (AS)
NATRII CITRAS
SODIUM CITRATE, DIHYDRATE
ACIDUM CITRICUM MONOHYDRICUM
CITRIC ACID TRISODIUM SALT DIHYDRATE
BETA-HYDROXY-TRICARBOXYLIC ACID MONOHYDRATE
abs9147
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylicacid
2-hydroxy-,trisodiumsalt,dihydrate
ANTI-BABOON IGM, BIOTIN
BETA-HYDROXY-TRICARBOXYLIC ACID MONOHYDRATE
HYDROXYTRICARBALLYLIC ACID MONOHYDRATE
CITRIC ACID NA3-SALT 2H2O
CITRIC ACID H2O
CITRIC ACID TRISODIUM SALT DIHYDRATE
CITRIC ACID, 3NA, DIHYDRATE
6132-04-3
1,2,3-PROPANETRICARBOXYLIC ACID, 2-HYDROXY-, TRISODIUM SALT, DIHYDRATE
CITRIC ACID, TRISODIUM SALT, DIHYDRATE
FEMA NO. 3026
N-1560
NATRII CITRAS, DEHYDRATE [WHO-IP LATIN]
SODIUM CITRATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
SODIUM CITRATE [FHFI]
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [MI]
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [VANDF]
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [WHO-DD]
SODIUM CITRATE HYDRATE
SODIUM CITRATE HYDRATE [JAN]
SODIUM CITRATE HYDROUS
SODIUM CITRATE HYDROUS [II]
SODIUM CITRATE, DIHYDRATE
SODIUM CITRATE, DIHYDRATE [WHO-IP]
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [II]
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [USP MONOGRAPH]

Trisodium citrate dihydrate has the chemical formula of Na₃C₆H₅O₇. Although sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid, Trisodium citrate dihydrate is sometimes referred to simply as "sodium citrate". Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a salty, slightly tart flavour.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid. It is produced by the complete neutralisation of citric acid with high purity sodium hydroxide or carbonate and subsequent crystallisation. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is widely used in foods, beverages and various technical applications mainly as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate occurs as white, granular crystals or as a white, crystalline powder with a pleasant, salty taste. It is slightly deliquescent in moist air, freely soluble in water and practically insoluble in ethanol (96 %).
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a non-toxic, neutral salt with low reactivity. It is chemically stable if stored at ambient temperatures. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is fully biodegradable and can be disposed of with regular waste or sewage.

CAS No: 6132-04-3
EC Number: 612-118-5

IUPAC Names:
Trisodium
2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
Dihydrate
Sodium citrate
sodium citrate
trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE
Trisodium citrate dihydrate
trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;dihydrate

SYNONYMS:
Trisodium citrate dihydrate;Sodium citrate dihydrate;6132-04-3;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate;1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt, dihydrate;Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate;MFCD00150031;Sodium citrate hydrate;trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;dihydrate;UNII-B22547B95K;B22547B95K;trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate;Trisodium citrate dihydrate;Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate;tri-sodium citrate dihydrate;Citric acid, trisodium salt dihydrate, ACS reagent;sodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate;Sodiumcitrate;Citric acid, trisodium salt dihydrate, 99%, for biochemistry;Natrum citricum;Tricitrasol (TN);ACMC-20ajao;Sodium citrate (TN)(JP17);CHEBI:32142;Trisodium citrate dihydrate, ACS;AKOS025293920;Citric acid, trisodium salt, dihydrate;Citronensaeure,Trinatrium-Salz-Dihydrat;Sodium citrate dihydrate, >=99%, FG;BP-31019;R385;Citrate, 0.5M buffer solution, pH 3.0;Citrate, 0.5M buffer solution, pH 4.0;Citrate, 0.5M buffer solution, pH 4.5;Citrate, 0.5M buffer solution, pH 5.0;Citrate, 0.5M buffer solution, pH 5.5;Citrate, 0.5M buffer solution, pH 6.0;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, >=98%;Sodium citrate dihydrate, ACS reagent grade;C13249;D01781;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, AR, >=99%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, LR, >=99%
reagent;124799-EP2287158A1;124799-EP2295426A1;124799-EP2295427A1;A835986;Citric acid, trisodium salt dihydrate, 99%, pure;Q22075862;Sodium citrate dihydrate Biochemical grade, Fine Granularreagent, >=99.0%;trisodium 2-oxidanylpropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate;UNII-1Q73Q2JULR component NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioUltra, >=99.0% (NT);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, insect cell culture tested;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, JIS special grade, >=99.0%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, purum p.a., >=99.0% (NT);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, tested according to Ph.Eur.;trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate--water (1/2);Trisodium citrate dihydrate, meets USP testing specifications;2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid trisodium salt dihydrate;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioXtra, >=99.0% (titration);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, for molecular biology, >=99%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%;Sodium citrate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard;1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, dihydrate;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, 99-101%;1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, hydrate (1:3:2);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (NT);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.0% (NT);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, suitable for amino acid analysis, >=99.0%;Sodium Citrate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.5%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, FCC, E331, 99-100.5% (calc. to the dried substance);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, suitable for amino acid analysis, >=98% (titration), powder;ANTI-BABOON IGM, BIOTIN;BETA-HYDROXY-TRICARBOXYLIC ACID MONOHYDRATE;HYDROXYTRICARBALLYLIC ACID MONOHYDRATE;CITRIC ACID NA3-SALT 2H2O;CITRIC ACID H2O;CITRIC ACID TRISODIUM SALT DIHYDRATE;CITRIC ACID, 3NA, DIHYDRATE;CITRIC ACID-1-HYDRATE;2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanenetricarboxylicacidtrisodiumsaltdihydrate;Citricacid, trisodiuM salt dihydrate, ACS reagent;Citric acid, trisodiuM salt dihydrate, 99%, for biocheMistry;TRI-SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE P.A. EMSURE;SodiuM Citrate (AS);Sodium Citrate (1 g) (AS);SODIUM CITRATE、SODIUM CITRATE DEHYDRATE;sodiuM 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate;Sodium Citrate (1 g);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate ACS reagent, >=99.0%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.0% (NT);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%;ACIDUM CITRICUM MONOHYDRICUM;2-HYDROXY-1,2,3-PROPANETRICARBOXYLIC ACID, MONOHYDRATE;2-HYDROXY-1,2,3-PROPANETRICARBOXYLIC ACID, TRISODIUM SALT, DIHYDRATE;SODIUM CITRATE 2H2O;SODIUM CITRATE, DIHYDRATE;SODIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC DIHYDRATE;SODIUM CITRATE TRISODIUM SALT DIHYDRATE;SODIUM CITRADE DIHYDRATE;NATRII CITRAS;SODIUM CITRATE, USP, DIHYDRATE POWDER;CITRIC ACID MONO BP93;CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS 40-120 MESH;CITRIC ACID MON;CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE BP93;CITRIC ACID MONO;CITRIC ACID MONO AND ANH;CITRIC ACID MONO BP-93 & BP-98;CITRIC ACID BP93;CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS USP;CITRIC ACID MONODYRATE BP93;CITRIC ACID FOOD GRAD;CITRIC ACID MONO BP98;CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE FOOD GRADE;Cit acid monohydrate;SODIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC DIHYDRATE USP;TRI-SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE, FOR MOLECU LAR BIOLOGY;SODIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC DIHYDRATE, REAGENT GRADE, 99%;TRI-SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE, FOR LUMINE SCENCE;CITRIC ACID TRISODIUM DIHYDRATESIGMAULTR A;SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE, 99+%, A.C.S. REAGENT;CITRIC ACID TRISODIUM DIHYDRATE;CITRIC ACID, TRISODIUM SALT DIHYDRATE, 9 9%;SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE 99+%;TRI-SODIUM CITRATE-2-HYDRATE R. G., REAG . ACS, REAG. ISO, REAG. PH. EUR.;SODIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC DIHYDRATE, PH EUR;SodiumCitrateBp93

General description
Sodium citrate dihydrate, (molecular formula: Na3C6H5O7 • 2H2O) has a molecular weight of 294.1, is a colourless crystal or white crystalline powder product; it is odourless, salty taste, and cool. It will lose its crystal water at 150 °C and will be decomposed at an even higher temperature. It also has slight deliquescence in wet air and has weathering property upon hot air. It is soluble in water and glycerol but insoluble in alcohol and some other organic solvents. Sodium citrate dihydrate has no toxic effect, and has pH adjusting capability as well as having good stability, and therefore can be used in the food industry. Sodium citrate dihydrate has the greatest demand when being used as a food additive; As food additives, it is mainly used as flavouring agents, buffers, emulsifiers, bulking agents, stabilizers and preservatives; in addition, a combination between sodium citrate dihydrate and citric acid can be used in a variety of jams, jelly, juice, drinks, cold drinks, dairy products and pastries gelling agents, flavouring agents and nutritional supplements.

Excellent performance
Sodium citrate dihydrate is currently the most important citrate dihydrate. It is produced by two steps: first starch food is fermented to generate citric acid; secondly, citric acid is neutralized by alkali to generate the final products. Sodium citrate dihydrate has the following excellent performance:
Safe and nontoxic properties; Since the basic raw material for the preparation of sodium citrate dihydrate mainly comes from food, it is absolutely safe and reliable without causing harm to human health. The United Nations Food and Agriculture and the World Health Organization has no restriction in its daily intake, which means that this product can be considered as non-toxic food.
It is biodegradable. After subjecting to the dilution of a large amount of water, sodium citrate dihydrate is partially converted into citrate dihydrate, which coexists with sodium citrate dihydrate in the same system. Citrate dihydrate is easy to subject to biological degradation at the water by the action of oxygen, heat, light, bacteria and microbes. Its decomposition pathways are generally going through aconitic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid anhydride to be further converted to carbon dioxide and water.
The ability to form a complex with metal ions. Sodium citrate dihydrate has a good capability of forming a complex with some metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+; for other ions such as Fe2+, it also has a good complex-forming ability.
Excellent solubility and the solubility increases with increasing temperature of the water.
It has a good capability for pH adjustment and a good buffering property. Sodium citrate dihydrate is a weak acid-strong alkali salt; When combined with citrate dihydrate, they can form a pH buffer with strong compatibility; therefore, this is very useful for some cases in which it is not suitable to have a large change of pH value. In addition, sodium citrate dihydrate also has excellent retardation performance and stability.

APPLICATIONS
Foods
Sodium citrate is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavour or as a preservative. Its E number is E331. Sodium citrate is employed as a flavouring agent in certain varieties of club soda. It is common as an ingredient in Bratwurst and is also used in commercial ready-to-drink beverages and drink mixes, contributing a tart flavour. It is found in gelatin mix, ice cream, yoghurt, jams, sweets, milk powder, processed cheeses, carbonated beverages, and wine, amongst others.

Sodium citrate can be used as an emulsifying stabilizer when making cheese. It allows the cheese to melt without becoming greasy by stopping the fats from separating.

As a conjugate base of a weak acid, citrate can perform as a buffering agent or acidity regulator, resisting changes in pH. It is used to control acidity in some substances, such as gelatin desserts. It can be found in the milk mini containers used with coffee machines. The compound is the product of antacids, such as Alka-Seltzer, when they are dissolved in water. The pH of a solution of 5 g/100 ml water at 25 °C is 7.5 – 9.0. It is added to many commercially packaged dairy products to control the PH impact of the gastrointestinal system of humans, mainly in processed products such as cheese and yoghurt.

Boiler descaling
Sodium citrate is a particularly effective agent for the removal of carbonate scale from boilers without removing them from the operation and for cleaning automobile radiators.

APPLICATION AREAS

Industry Uses
-Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
-Processing aids, not otherwise listed
-unknown potential industrial chemicals
-Adhesives, Sealants
- Agrochemicals, Fertilisers
- Construction
- Fine Chemicals
- Inks, Paints, Coatings
- Oil Drilling
- Paper
- Plastics, Polymers
- Textile, Leather

Consumer Uses
-Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
-Automotive care products
-Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
-Cleaning and furnishing care products

Industry Processing Sectors
-All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
-Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing.
-Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
-Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing

Properties
-Dihydrate
-White
-Granular crystals or crystalline powder
-Typical, practically odourless
-Pleasantly salty
-Freely soluble in water
-Practically insoluble in ethanol (96 %)
-Non-toxic
-Low reactive
-Chemically and microbiologically stable
-Fully biodegradable

Main functions
-pH regulator
-Chelating agent
-Buffering agent
-Flavour enhancer
-Stabiliser
-Emulsifying agent

Beverages
- Alcoholic Beverages
- Carbonated Soft Drinks
- Instant Drinks, Syrups
- Juice Drinks
- Plant-based
- RTD Tea and Coffee
- Sports and Energy Drinks
- Waters

Food
- Baby Food, Infant Formula
- Bakery
- Cereals, Snacks
- Confectionery
- Dairy
- Dairy Alternatives
- Desserts, Ice Cream
- Flavours
- Fruit Preparations, Sweet Spreads
- Fruits, Vegetables
- Meat Alternatives
- Meat, Seafood
- Plant-based Products
- Ready Meals, Instant Food
- Sauces, Dressings, Seasonings

Pharma
- Buffering agent
- Chelating agent
- Mineral source

Healthcare
- Clinical Nutrition
- Medical Devices
- OTC, Food Supplements
- Pharmaceutical Products

Personal Care
- Colour Cosmetics
- Fragrances
- Hair Care
- Oral Care
- Skin Care
- Soap and Bath Products

Cleaners & Detergents
- Dish Washing
- Industrial Cleaners
- Laundry Care
- Surface Care

Feed & Pet Food
- Feed
- Pet Food

Effect and application
During the process of clinically taking fresh blood, adding some amount of sterile sodium citrate can play a role in preventing blood clotting; this is exactly taking advantage of the features that calcium citrate can form soluble complexes with calcium ion; In the field of medicine, it is used for the in vitro anti-clotting drugs and anticoagulants drugs, phlegm drugs, and diuretics drugs during blood transfusions; it can also be used for cyanide-free electroplating industry; also used as a developer for the photographic industry. It can be used as flavouring agents, buffering materials, emulsifiers, and stabilizer in the food industry. Moreover, it is also widely used in chemical, metallurgical industry, the absorption of sulfur dioxide exhaust with the absorption rate of 99% and regenerate liquid sulfur dioxide citrate for recycling application. Sodium citrate has a good water solubility and an excellent cheating capability with Ca2 +, Mg2 + and other metal ions; it is biodegradable and has a strong dispersing ability and anti-redeposition ability; Daily-applied chemical detergents use it as an alternative to trimer sodium phosphate for the production of non-phosphorus detergent and phosphate-free liquid detergent. Adding a certain amount of sodium citrate to the detergent can significantly increase the cleaning ability of detergent cleaning. The large scale of application of sodium tripolyphosphate as a builder in detergents is an important discovery in the synthetic detergent industry. It is non-toxic without environmental pollution; it can also be acted as a buffer for the production of cosmetics.

Chemical Properties
It is colourless crystals or white crystalline powder and is odourless, cool and salty. It has no melting point with a relative density of 1.857. It is stable in air at room temperature with loss of crystal water when being heated to 150 °C loss of crystal water; further heating will cause its decomposition. It is insoluble in ethanol but highly soluble in water.

Uses
It can be used as Ph adjusting agents and emulsifying enhancers applied to jam, candy, jelly and ice cream; its combination with citric acid has an effect of alleviating tour; it also has effects on forming a complex with metal ions. China rules that it can be applied to various types of food with appropriate usage according to the absolute necessity.
It can be used as a food additive, as a complex agent and buffering agent in the electroplating industry; in the field of the pharmaceutical industry, it is used for the manufacturing of anti-clotting drugs; and used as the detergent additives in the light industry.
It is used as the analysis agents used for chromatography analysis and can also use for preparing bacterial culture medium; moreover, it can also be applied to the pharmaceutical industry.
The product can be used for the flavouring processing of food, as stabilizers, buffers and deputy complex-forming agents in the non-toxic electroplating industry; in the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as an anti-clotting agent, phlegm drugs and diuretics drugs. It can also be used in brewing, injection, newspaper and movies medicines.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavour or as a preservative.
Anticoagulant for collection of blood. In photography; as sequestering agent to remove trace metals; as an emulsifier, acidulant and sequestrant in foods.
An anticoagulant also used as a biological buffer

Chemical Properties
Trisodium citrate dihydrate consists of odourless, colourless, monoclinic crystals, or a white crystalline powder with a cooling, saline taste. It is slightly deliquescent in moist air, and in warm dry air, it is efflorescent. Although most pharmacopoeias specify that sodium citrate is the dihydrate, the USP 32 states that Trisodium citrate dihydrate may be either the dihydrate or anhydrous material.

Production Methods
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is prepared by adding sodium carbonate to a solution of citric acid until effervescence ceases. The resulting solution is filtered and evaporated to dryness.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Trisodium citrate dihydrate, as either dihydrate or anhydrous material, is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations.
It is used in food products, primarily to adjust the pH of solutions. It is also used as a sequestering agent. The anhydrous material is used in effervescent tablet formulations. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is additionally used as a blood anticoagulant either alone or in combination with other citrates such as disodium hydrogen citrate.

Biological Activity
Commonly used laboratory reagent

Trisodium citrate dihydrate is widely applied in food, beverages and fillers as a buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent. It used as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, osmotic laxative, functional fluids, solvents cleaning, furnishing care products, laundry dishwashing products and cleaning automobile radiators.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid. It consists of colourless to white crystals and is practically odourless. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is commonly used in various technical and industrial applications mainly as a pH buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent. Also used as a retarder for mortar mixes.

Uses of Trisodium Citrate
Buffering agent.
Manufacture of household cleaners, degreasers and detergents.

Industrial applications
In the cleaning industry trisodium citrate is commonly used because of its excellent cleaning characteristics and its unusual property of being almost neutral yet portraying the characteristics of acid as in descalers and alkali as in degreasers. Cleaning products include laundry powders and detergents, toilet cleaners, hard surface cleaners, carpet cleaners, dishwashing liquids, powder and liquid degreasers and presoaks. It is becoming more and more popular now as it is considered environmentally friendly, it substitutes phosphates and is readily biodegradable.

In industry, trisodium citrate finds many uses including alkaline degreaser baths, electroplating chemicals for copper and nickel etc, photo chemicals. It is also used in the paper and pulp industries and the textiles industry.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate dihydrate is effective to retard plaster mixes. It must be used carefully as adding too much will prevent the plaster from curing properly. Premix the citrate in water first and add to the plaster mix.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate (C6H5Na3O7.2H2O) is a tribasic salt of citric acid. It has a sour taste similar to citric acid and is salty as well. It is often used as a food preservative, and as a flavouring in the food industry. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used to control pH. It may be used as an alkalizing agent, buffering agent, emulsifier, or sequestering agent.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate is indicated for the management of renal tubular acidosis with calcium stones, hypocitraturia calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis of any aetiology, uric acid lithiasis with or without calcium stones. When Trisodium citrate dihydrate is given orally, the metabolism of absorbed citrate produces an alkaline load. The induced alkaline load in turn increases urinary pH and raises urinary citrate by augmenting citrate clearance without measurably altering ultra filterable serum citrate. Thus, Trisodium citrate dihydrate therapy appears to increase urinary citrate principally by modifying the renal handling of citrate, rather than by increasing the filtered load of citrate. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is used as a food additive (E 332) to regulate acidity.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is manufactured by neutralizing citric acid derived from a submerged fermentation process.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is available as translucent white crystals and has a slightly saline taste. The water of crystallization constitutes approximately 20% by weight of the dihydrate form.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid. It is produced by the complete neutralisation of citric acid with high purity sodium hydroxide or carbonate and subsequent crystallisation. Citric acid is the product of microbial fermentation using carbohydrate substrates. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is widely used as an excellent pH regulator and an odourless buffering agent for bath and shower gels, creams, styling or decorative products.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is derived from citric acid and is available in either free-flowing colourless granular or powder forms. It is odourless and freely soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol. Storage at room temperature in tightly sealed containers is recommended. Trisodium citrate anhydrous may be used for the same applications as the widely used dihydrate salt but can provide particular benefit in dry products where the absence of moisture and/or long shelf life is required.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid. It is produced by the complete neutralization of citric acid with a high purity sodium source and subsequent crystallization. Buffers pH and enhances the action of methyl parabens. Used in toothpaste & dental creams, effervescent denture cleansers, mouth rinses and oral hygiene products.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate is sometimes referred to simply as sodium citrate, though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid. It possesses a saline, mildly tart flavour. It is mildly basic and can be used along with citric acid to make biologically compatible buffers.

Trisodium citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid. It is white, crystalline powder or white, granular crystals, slightly deliquescent in moist air, freely soluble in water, practically insoluble in alcohol. Like citric acid, it has a sour taste. From the medical point of view, it is used as an alkalinizing agent. It works by neutralizing excess acid in the blood and urine. It has been indicated for the treatment of metabolic acidosis.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate consists of colourless crystals, with a salty taste and barely perceptible odour.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also known as trisodium citrate, citrosodine and trisodium salt. Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate products are non-toxic and fully biodegradable.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is manufactured when making citric acid and is used in similar applications including photography, soft drinks, and foods as it buffers PH levels to control acidity and also as a sequestering agent when sodium citrate attaches to calcium ions in water to stop limescale interfering with soaps and detergents.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is sometimes simply referred to as "sodium citrate", although sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts. Trisodium citrate dihydrate, also known as sodium citrate, is an organic compound. Trisodium citrate dihydrate has an odourless, cold, salty flavour. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is stable at room temperature and air, slightly soluble in wet air, trisodium citrate dihydrate is more soluble in hot air. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is easily soluble in water, glycerol, alcohol and other organic solvents. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is decomposed by overheating, slightly dispersed in a moist environment and slightly decomposed in warm air. Trisodium citrate dihydrate has a salty, slightly sour taste. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is slightly basic and can be used with citric acid to make biocompatible buffers. Trisodium citrate dihydrate has a sour taste similar to citric acid and is also salty. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is often used as a food preservative and as a sweetener in the food industry. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is used in the pharmaceutical industry to control pH.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate can be used as an alkalizing agent, buffering agent, emulsifier, or separating agent. Normal quantities of Sodium. Soluble in water, almost insoluble in ethanol. Sodium Citrate is the sodium salt of citrate with alkalizing activity. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid.
From a solution containing uranyl nitrate and sodium citrate, single crystals of trisodium citrate dihydrate, 3Na + C6H5O73-2H2O, are obtained. The structure consists of a complex network of citrate and sodium ions. In addition, hydrogen bonds are formed between citrate ions and the water of crystallization. Trisodium citrate dihydrate (C6H5Na3O7.2H2O) is a tribasic salt of citric acid. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is used in the food industry as a flavouring agent and stabilizer. Trisodium citrate dihydrate Used in the pharmaceutical industry as an anticoagulant, sputum dispersant and diuretic. In the trisodium citrate dihydrate detergent industry, sodium tripolyphosphate can be substituted as a non-toxic detergent additive. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is also used in fermentation, injection, photographic medicine, and electroplating. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is mainly used as a food additive, often as a flavouring or preservative. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is used as a flavouring agent in certain varieties of club soda. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is common as an ingredient in Bratwurst and is also used in commercial ready-to-drink beverages and beverage mixes and contributes to a sour taste. The trisodium citrate dihydrate gelatin mixture is used in the production of ice cream, yoghurt, jam, desserts, milk powder, processed cheeses, sodas and wine, among others.

Trisodium Sodium citrate can be used as an emulsifying stabilizer in cheese making. Trisodium citrate dihydrate stops the decomposition of fats, allowing the cheese to melt before Trisodium citrate becomes fat. As the conjugate base of a weak acid, trisodium citrate dihydrate can act as a buffering agent or acidity regulator by resisting pH changes. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is used to control acidity in some items such as gelatin desserts. The compound is the product of antacids such as Alka-Seltzer when dissolved in water. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is added to many commercially packaged dairy products to control the effect of PH in the human gastrointestinal tract, especially in processed products such as cheese and yoghurt. Today, sodium citrate is used for blood preservation in blood collection tubes and blood banks. Citrate ion disrupts the blood clotting mechanism by forming calcium citrate complexes by clamping calcium ions in the blood.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is widely used mainly as a buffering, chelating or emulsifying agent in foods, beverages and various technical applications. Also, trisodium citrate dihydrate is used in fermentation, injection, electroplating and other medicines and photography. Upon absorption, sodium citrate decomposes into sodium cations and citrate anions; organic citrate ions are metabolized to bicarbonate ions, resulting in an increase in plasma bicarbonate concentration, buffering of excess hydrogen ion, the elevation of blood pH and potential reversal of acidosis.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is the most widely used emulsifying salt in sliced processed cheese products. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is commonly used as a buffering agent in combination with citric acid to provide precise pH control required in many food and beverage applications. Trisodium citrate is often referred to as sodium citrate, though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid. Sodium citrate has a saline, mildly tart flavour. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is mildly basic and can be used along with citric acid to make biologically compatible buffers. Sodium citrate is primarily used as a food additive, usually for flavour or as a preservative. In certain varieties of club soda, sodium citrate is employed as a flavouring agent. Sodium citrate is a common ingredient in Bratwurst and is also used to contribute a tart flavour in commercial, ready-to-drink beverages and drink mixes.
Bakery Flavors, Table Top Product Dairy Confectionery, Fruits, Vegetables Meat, Seafood, Cereals, Snacks Desserts, Ice Cream Ready Meals, Instant Food, Fruit Preparations, Sweet Spreads Baby Food, Infant Formula Sauces, Dressings, Seasoning The main functions of citric acid and the citrates in foods and beverages can be summarized as follows: as a flavour adjunct, to improve the taste as a pH control agent, e.g., for gelation control, buffering and preservative enhancement as a chelating agent to improve the action of antioxidants and prevent spoilage of foods such as seafood Beverages, Alcoholic Beverages, Carbonated Soft Drinks, Instant Drinks, Syrups, Juice Drinks, Tea and Coffee, Sports and Energy Drinks, Waters Within this market, citric acid or its salts perform several functions. The dominant application is for flavour enhancement. Many of the lemon, lime or citrus soft drinks available today use citric acid as a way of enhancing the tangy, zesty flavour consumers associate with these tropical fruit flavours. Additionally, citric acid can help provide consistency in the acidity and flavour of fruit juices or fruit cordials.

The citrate ion is a powerful chelating agent for trace metal ions. Diuretic - potassium citrate has diuretic properties. Clinical Nutrition Medical Devices OTC, Food Supplements Pharmaceutical Productscolor Cosmetics Deodorants, Fragrances Hair Care, Oral Care Skin Care Soap and Bath Products, Cleaners & Detergents, The major components of cleaning products are surfactants and builders. Other ingredients are added to provide a variety of functions, e.g., increasing cleaning performance for specific soils/surfaces, ensuring product stability, and supplying a unique identity to a product. Complex phosphates and sodium citrate are common sequestering builders. Builders enhance or maintain the cleaning efficiency of the surfactant. The primary function of builders is to reduce water hardness. This is done either by sequestration or chelation (holding hardness minerals in solution); by precipitation (forming an insoluble substance); or by ion exchange (trading electrically charged particles). Builders can also supply and maintain alkalinity, which assists cleaning, especially of acid soils; help keep removed soil from redepositing during washing, and emulsify oily and greasy soils. Dish Washing Industrial Cleaners, Laundry Care Surface Care.
This material is available in colourless granular form or powdery form. This is fragrance-free material and generously mixed with water, but not in the alcohol. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is not contained any food allergens and Trisodium citrate dihydrate is suitable for consumption by vegans and vegetarians. Trisodium citrate dihydrate adds enjoyable flavour to food items. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is widely used as dehydrating salt, but Trisodium citrate dihydrate provides a remarkable gain in dry products where long shelf life is needed to store it.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is used as flavours, stabilizing agent, buffering agent, chelating agent, nutritional supplement of buttermilk, emulsifying agent and flavouring agent in the food and beverage industry; Trisodium citrate dihydrate can be used as anti-blood clotting, apophlegmatisant and diuretics in the pharmaceutical industry; Trisodium citrate dihydrate can replace sodium tripolyphosphate as a non-toxic detergent additive in the detergent industry; Trisodium citrate dihydrate can also be used in brewing, injection, photography drugs and electroplating etc.
Sodium citrate dihydrate (C6H5Na3O7•2H2O), also known as citric trisodium salt dihydrate, or trisodium citrate dehydrate is obtained from citric acid and is available in granular or powder form having a salty but pleasant taste. Sodium citrate dihydrate is odourless and freely soluble in water, marginally deliquescent in moist air, and insoluble in alcohol. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is prepared by completely neutralizing citric acid with high purity sodium hydroxide or carbonate followed by crystallization.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a non-toxic, neutral salt having low reactivity. Trisodium citrate dihydrate shows chemically stability when stored at ambient temperatures. Sodium citrate dihydrate is totally biodegradable and disposable with regular waste or sewage. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is widely used in the food industry in preservatives and as a flavouring agent. In the pharmaceutical industry, Trisodium citrate dihydrate is used to resist changes in the pH. Sodium citrate dihydrate also finds its use as a buffering agent, alkalizing agent, emulsifying agent, or sequestering agent.
Seasonal factors for beverages and new detergent applications are the principal growth drivers for the global sodium citrate dihydrate market. Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate (TriSodium Citrate) is commonly used to improve exercise performance and as a food additive. Trisodium citrate dihydrate's naturally a strong source of antioxidants and typically used as a natural preservative. Some have also used the ingredient in beverages to increase acidity or to emulsify cheese during the ageing process. This ingredient may be added to foods and beverages or smoothies and green drinks. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a pure white powder and has no fillers or binders, additives or preservatives.

SYNONYMS Trisodium Orthophosphate; Phosphoric acid, trisodium, 12-hydrate; Sodium Phosphate Tribasic Dodecahydrate; Trisodium phosphate, dodecahydrate; TSP dodecahydrate; Tertiary Sodium phosphate; CAS NO. 7601-54-9; 96337-98-3 (Anhydrous) 10101-89-0 (Dodecahydrate)

Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Category of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Chelating Agents Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is used in the following products: textile treatment products and dyes and polymers. Release to the environment of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials and manufacturing of the substance. Uses at industrial sites Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is used in the following products: textile treatment products and dyes, metal working fluids, washing & cleaning products and water softeners. Description of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate White solid .Colorless or white solid. Slightly hygroscopic. Sources/Uses of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is used as chelating agent in bleaching and as a sequestrant builder; Also used in tanning, synthetic rubber, textiles, pharmaceuticals, low phosphate and phosphate-free detergents, and in boiler-water treatment; [HSDB] Used for extraction, refining, and processing of metals; in the paper-pulp-board industry; and as an additive to construction materials Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Substance identity Help EC / List no. of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 225-768-6 CAS no. of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate:: 5064-31-3 Mol. formula of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate:: C6H6NNa3O6 About Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Helpful information Trisodium nitrilotriacetate has not been registered under the REACH Regulation, therefore as yet ECHA has not received any data about Trisodium nitrilotriacetate from registration dossiers. Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing. Consumer Uses of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants, air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, photo-chemicals, polishes and waxes and textile treatment products and dyes. Other release to the environment of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters), outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints). Article service life of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: Release to the environment of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites. Trisodium nitrilotriacetate can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys). Widespread uses by professional workers Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and washing & cleaning products. Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, mining, scientific research and development and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment. Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, food products, textile, leather or fur, wood and wood products, pulp, paper and paper products, rubber products, plastic products, fabricated metal products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment, machinery and vehicles and furniture. Release to the environment of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as processing aid, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials. Other release to the environment of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids). Formulation or re-packing Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is used in the following products: textile treatment products and dyes and polymers. Release to the environment of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials and manufacturing of the substance. Uses at industrial sites Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is used in the following products: textile treatment products and dyes, metal working fluids, washing & cleaning products and water softeners. Trisodium nitrilotriacetate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates). Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is used in the following areas: mining. Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals. Release to the environment of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and of substances in closed systems with minimal release. Other release to the environment of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Manufacture Release to the environment of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance and formulation of mixtures. Uses of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate An excellent chelating agent. Sequestrant. Definition of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate ChEBI: An organic sodium salt composed of sodium and nitrilotriacetate ions in a 3:1 ratio. Safety Profile of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Experimental reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and NazO. EC / List no. of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 225-768-6 CAS no. of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate:: 5064-31-3 Mol. formula of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate:: C6H6NNa3O6 Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Basic information Product Name: Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Synonyms of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: nitrilotriaceticacidtrisodium*sigmagrade;nitrilotri-aceticacitrisodiumsalt;syntrona;trisodiumaminotriacetate;trisodiumnitrilotriaceticacid;versenenta150;cheeloxnta-14,-na3;chemcolox365powder CAS of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 5064-31-3 MF of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: C6H6NNa3O6 MW of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 257.08 EINECS of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 225-768-6 Product Categories of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: Building Blocks;Carbonyl Compounds; Carboxylic Acid Salts; Chemical Synthesis; Organic Building Blocks Mol File of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 5064-31-3.mol Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Structure Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Chemical Properties CAS DataBase Reference 5064-31-3(CAS DataBase Reference) EPA Substance Registry System Nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt (5064-31-3) Safety Informations of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: Hazard Codes Xn Risk Statements of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 22-40-36 Safety Statements of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 36-46-36/37-26 WGK Germany of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 2 RTECS MB8400000 Hazardous Substances Data of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 5064-31-3(Hazardous Substances Data) Toxicity LD50 oral in rat: 1100mg/kg Nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt English SigmaAldrich English Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Usage And Synthesis Uses An excellent chelating agent. Sequestrant. Definition ChEBI: An organic sodium salt composed of sodium and nitrilotriacetate ions in a 3:1 ratio. Safety Profile Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Experimental reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and NazO. Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Agent Name Trisodium nitrilotriacetate CAS Number of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate 5064-31-3 Formula of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate C6-H9-N-O6.3Na Major Category of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Other Uses of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Trisodium nitrilotriacetate formula graphical representation Synonyms of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate N,N-Bis(carboxymethyl)glycine, trisodium salt; Nitrilotriacetic acid sodium salt; Acetic acid, nitrilotri-, trisodium salt; Cheelox NTA-14, Na3; Chemcolox 365 Powder; Glycine, N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-, trisodium salt; Hampshire NTA; Hampshire NTA 150; Masquol NP 140; NTA trisodium salt; Nitrilotriacetate trisodium salt; Nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt; Nitrilotriacetic acid, trisodium salt; NTANa3; Sodium nitrilotriacetate; Syntron A; Trilon A; Trisodium 2,2',2''-nitrilotriacetate; Trisodium N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)glycinate; Trisodium NTA; Trisodium aminotriacetate; Trisodium nitrilotriacetic acid; Versene NTA 150; Versene NTA 335; [ChemIDplus] Category of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Chelating Agents Description of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate White solid; [ICSC] Colorless or white solid; Slightly hygroscopic; [CHEMINFO] Sources/Uses of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is Used as chelating agent in bleaching and as a sequestrant builder; Also used in tanning, synthetic rubber, textiles, pharmaceuticals, low phosphate and phosphate-free detergents, and in boiler-water treatment; [HSDB] Used for extraction, refining, and processing of metals; in the paper-pulp-board industry; and as an additive to construction materials; [IUCLID] Comments A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Possible human carcinogen; [ICSC] A skin, eye, nose, and throat irritant; Not sensitizing to human skin; High-dose feeding produces lesions of the urinary tract in mice and kidney lesions in rats; No evidence of reproductive or developmental toxicity in rats or rabbits; Emergency treatment: "Oxalic acid"; Oxalic acid is an irritant that, after ingestion, may cause kidney damage, hypocalcemia, and hepatic necrosis; [HSDB] An eye irritant; [eChemPortal: ESIS] Not irritating to rabbit or human skin; Irritating to rabbit eyes; Nephrotoxic in rats; [IUCLID] Mutagenic, tumorigenic, and toxic to reproduction; Causes changes in liver and bladder weights, erythrocyte count, and renal tubules in repeated dose studies of rats; [RTECS] May cause skin and eye irritation; Harmful if swallowed; [Aldrich MSDS] See "Nitrilotriacetic acid." Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants, air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, photo-chemicals, polishes and waxes and textile treatment products and dyes. Other release to the environment of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters), outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints). Molecular Weight of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 257.08 g/mol Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 0 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 7 Rotatable Bond Count of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 3 Exact Mass of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 256.98882 g/mol Monoisotopic Mass of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 256.98882 g/mol Topological Polar Surface Area of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 124 Å² Heavy Atom Count of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 16 Formal Charge of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 0 Complexity of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 171 Isotope Atom Count of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 0 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 0 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 0 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 0 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 0 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate: 4 Compound of Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Is Canonicalized? Yes

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is an inorganic compound that is widely used for various industrial and household purposes.
Its chemical formula is Na₃PO₄. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is often used as a cleaning agent, stain remover, degreaser, and as a food additive.

CAS Number: 7601-54-9
EC Number: 231-509-8

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APPLICATIONS

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is commonly used as a heavy-duty cleaner for removing grease, grime, and dirt from surfaces.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is extensively employed in industrial settings for cleaning equipment, machinery, and manufacturing facilities.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used in household cleaning products such as detergents, degreasers, and multipurpose cleaners.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is an effective stain remover for removing tough stains from fabrics, carpets, and upholstery.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used in the preparation of surfaces before painting or wallpapering to ensure proper adhesion.
In the construction industry, Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used to clean concrete surfaces and remove efflorescence.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) serves as a degreaser in automotive maintenance for cleaning engines, parts, and tools.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used in the restoration of historical buildings and artifacts to remove dirt and grime without damaging the surface.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is employed in the food industry as a pH regulator, emulsifier, and sequestrant in various food products.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used in water treatment processes to control pH and prevent scaling and corrosion in boilers and cooling systems.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is utilized in the formulation of detergents and dishwashing products to enhance their cleaning performance.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is added to swimming pools to adjust pH levels and remove calcium deposits and algae.
In the textile industry, Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used as a scouring agent to remove impurities and oils from fibers and fabrics.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) serves as a flux in soldering and brazing applications to remove oxides from metal surfaces.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used in the manufacturing of ceramics, glass, and pottery as a flux and cleaning agent.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is employed in the pharmaceutical industry for cleaning equipment and manufacturing processes.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used in the preparation of metal surfaces for painting and coating applications.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) serves as a component in fire-retardant formulations for wood and textiles.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is utilized in agricultural applications as a cleaning agent for equipment and storage facilities.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used in the pulp and paper industry for bleaching and cleaning pulp fibers.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is employed in the cleaning and maintenance of commercial kitchens and food processing facilities.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) serves as a buffer and pH adjuster in laboratory and analytical applications.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used in the production of household and personal care products such as toothpaste and mouthwash.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is utilized in the preparation of metal surfaces for electroplating and metal finishing processes.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is added to certain cosmetics and skincare products as a buffering agent and pH adjuster.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is commonly used in the restoration and cleaning of historical artifacts and monuments to remove dirt, grime, and pollutants.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) serves as an effective cleaner for outdoor surfaces such as decks, patios, and sidewalks.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is utilized in the preparation of surfaces for sealing and waterproofing applications.
In the marine industry, Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used for cleaning boat hulls, decks, and marine equipment.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is employed in the cleaning and maintenance of commercial and industrial kitchens to remove grease and food residues.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used in the cleaning of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems to remove mold, mildew, and other contaminants.
It serves as a rust remover for metal surfaces, effectively eliminating rust stains and corrosion.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used in the cleaning and maintenance of swimming pool filters to remove scale and algae buildup.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is employed in the cleaning of oil and grease spills on concrete surfaces in industrial settings.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is added to laundry detergents to enhance their cleaning power and remove stubborn stains.
In the brewing industry, Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used as a cleaning agent for brewing equipment and fermentation tanks.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) serves as a flux in metalworking processes such as soldering, welding, and brazing.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used in the preparation of surfaces for adhesive bonding and sealant applications.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) serves as a descaling agent for removing mineral deposits from appliances such as coffee makers and dishwashers.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is employed in the cleaning of industrial ovens, fryers, and cooking equipment in food processing facilities.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is utilized in the cleaning and maintenance of agricultural equipment, barns, and livestock facilities.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is added to water-based paints and coatings to improve adhesion and durability.
In the automotive industry, Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used for cleaning engine parts, carburetors, and fuel injectors.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) serves as a cleaning agent for removing smoke and soot residues from walls, ceilings, and furniture after fires.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is employed in the cleaning of metal surfaces prior to welding, painting, or plating.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used in the manufacturing of ceramics and pottery as a glazing agent and flux.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is added to concrete mixtures to accelerate the curing process and improve strength.
In the electronics industry, Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used for cleaning printed circuit boards and electronic components.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) serves as a corrosion inhibitor for protecting metal surfaces from rust and oxidation.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is employed in the cleaning and maintenance of public spaces such as parks, playgrounds, and recreational facilities.

DESCRIPTION

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is an inorganic compound that is widely used for various industrial and household purposes.
Its chemical formula is Na₃PO₄. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is often used as a cleaning agent, stain remover, degreaser, and as a food additive.

In cleaning products, Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is valued for its ability to cut through grease and grime effectively.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is commonly used to clean walls, floors, and other surfaces before painting or wallpapering to ensure better adhesion.
Additionally, Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used in certain food products as an acidity regulator and emulsifier.
However, its use in food has declined due to concerns about its environmental impact and potential health risks.

Trisodium phosphate is a versatile chemical compound with various industrial and household applications.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) appears as a white, crystalline powder or granules.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is highly soluble in water, forming a clear solution.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is commonly used as a powerful cleaning agent due to its ability to cut through grease and grime effectively.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is often employed in cleaning walls, floors, and other surfaces before painting or wallpapering.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is known for its strong alkaline properties, making it effective in removing stubborn stains and dirt.

In addition to its cleaning capabilities, Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used as a degreaser in industrial settings.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) serves as an ingredient in certain detergents and dishwashing products to enhance their cleaning power.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is also utilized in the formulation of some personal care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash.
In the food industry, Trisodium phosphate (TSP) functions as a food additive, serving as an emulsifier and pH regulator.

However, its use in food products has declined due to environmental and health concerns.
When handling Trisodium phosphate (TSP), it is essential to take safety precautions as it can cause skin and eye irritation.
Concentrated solutions of Trisodium phosphate (TSP) can be corrosive to certain materials, requiring careful handling and storage.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) may react with acids to produce heat and potentially hazardous fumes.
It is important to avoid mixing Trisodium phosphate (TSP) with other chemicals without proper knowledge and guidance.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is commonly found in hardware stores and is available in various forms, including powder and liquid formulations.
Its effectiveness as a cleaner has made it a popular choice for both professional and household use.

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is often preferred for heavy-duty cleaning tasks where other cleaners may not suffice.
Despite its strong cleaning power, Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is relatively inexpensive compared to some specialized cleaners.
The use of Trisodium phosphate (TSP) in cleaning formulations may be regulated in certain jurisdictions due to environmental concerns.

Environmental impact assessments are often conducted to evaluate the use and disposal of Trisodium phosphate (TSP)-containing products.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is biodegradable under certain conditions, but its widespread use can contribute to water pollution.

Proper disposal methods, such as dilution and neutralization, are recommended to minimize environmental impact.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) has been used for decades in various industries, but its usage patterns have evolved over time.
Ongoing research and development efforts aim to find safer and more environmentally friendly alternatives to Trisodium phosphate (TSP) in cleaning and other applications.

PROPERTIES

Chemical formula: Na₃PO₄
Molecular weight: 163.94 g/mol (anhydrous)
Appearance: White, crystalline powder or granules
Physical state: Solid
Odor: Odorless
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
pH (1% solution): Basic (typically around pH 12)
Density: Varies depending on the form (e.g., anhydrous or dodecahydrate)
Melting point: Decomposes before melting (anhydrous Trisodium phosphate (TSP))
Boiling point: Decomposes before boiling
Hygroscopicity: Absorbs moisture from the air (especially the dodecahydrate form)
Water content: Hydrated forms exist, including dodecahydrate (Na₃PO₄·12H₂O)
Stability: Stable under normal conditions, but decomposes when heated to high temperatures
Reactivity: Reacts with acids to form salts and phosphoric acid
Alkalinity: Strong alkaline properties

FIRST AID

Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is having difficulty breathing, seek medical attention promptly.
Provide artificial respiration if breathing has stopped or is impaired.
Keep the person calm and reassured while waiting for medical assistance.

Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse affected skin with plenty of water.
Wash the skin thoroughly with soap and water.
If irritation persists or skin becomes damaged, seek medical attention.
Do not apply creams or ointments unless directed by medical personnel.

Eye Contact:

Flush eyes with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if the person does not report discomfort or pain.
Continue to flush the eyes while waiting for medical help to arrive.

Ingestion:

If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Give the person a small amount of water or milk to drink if they are conscious and able to swallow.
Seek medical attention immediately, and have the product label or safety data sheet available for reference.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling Precautions:

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, when handling Trisodium phosphate (TSP).
Avoid direct contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
In case of contact, promptly rinse affected area with water.
Work in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation of dust or vapors.
Use caution to prevent spills, splashes, and airborne dust.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Trisodium phosphate (TSP).
Wash hands thoroughly after handling Trisodium phosphate (TSP) and before eating, drinking, or using the restroom.

Storage Conditions:

Store Trisodium phosphate (TSP) in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from sources of heat, moisture, and incompatible materials.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.
Store Trisodium phosphate (TSP) separately from acids, oxidizing agents, and other reactive chemicals to prevent potential reactions.
Ensure that storage area is labeled with appropriate hazard warnings and information.
Do not store Trisodium phosphate (TSP) near food, beverages, or animal feed to prevent accidental contamination.
Store Trisodium phosphate (TSP) away from direct sunlight and sources of ignition to prevent decomposition and fire hazards.
Check containers regularly for signs of damage, leakage, or deterioration, and replace as needed.
Follow any specific storage instructions provided on the product label or safety data sheet.

Transportation Precautions:

When transporting Trisodium phosphate (TSP), use appropriate containers that are compatible with the chemical and securely sealed to prevent leaks or spills.
Ensure that containers are properly labeled with the product name, hazard warnings, and handling instructions.
Follow applicable regulations and guidelines for the transportation of hazardous chemicals, including packaging, labeling, and documentation requirements.
Take precautions to prevent damage to containers during loading, unloading, and transportation.
In case of spills or leaks during transportation, follow established procedures for containment, cleanup, and disposal.

Emergency Procedures:

In the event of a spill, leak, or accidental release of Trisodium phosphate (TSP), follow established emergency procedures for chemical spills and hazardous material incidents.
Evacuate the area if necessary to prevent exposure to chemical vapors or dust.
Notify appropriate personnel, such as safety officers, supervisors, or emergency responders, of the incident.
Provide information about the chemical involved, including its identity, quantity, and location.
Use appropriate containment measures, absorbent materials, and personal protective equipment to safely clean up spills.
Dispose of contaminated materials and waste in accordance with local regulations and guidelines.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate, often abbreviated as TSP, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Na3PO4·12H2O.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is a white, crystalline, water-soluble solid that is commonly used for various industrial and household purposes.
The "dodecahydrate" part of the name indicates that the compound has 12 water molecules associated with each molecule of trisodium phosphate.

CAS Number: 10101-89-0
EC Number: 231-509-8

APPLICATIONS

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is commonly used as a heavy-duty cleaning agent in both industrial and household settings.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate serves as a powerful degreaser, effectively removing oil, grease, and dirt from various surfaces.
In preparation for painting, the compound is applied to surfaces to ensure proper adhesion by removing contaminants.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate finds use as a food additive in the food industry, where it functions as an acidity regulator and emulsifier.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate's alkalinity makes it valuable for water softening applications, as it can sequester calcium and magnesium ions responsible for water hardness.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is included in some dishwasher detergents to aid in the removal of stains and residues from dishes and glassware.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate plays a role in the textile industry as a pH adjuster during processing to neutralize acidic solutions.
Due to its alkaline properties, Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is utilized in the removal of rust and scale from metals and industrial equipment.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is a key component in industrial cleaning products, facilitating the removal of tough contaminants and deposits.
In specific instances, it's employed for paint stripping by breaking down layers of paint coatings on surfaces.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used for the cleaning of boilers and industrial machinery, effectively removing buildup and deposits.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is a component in the formulation of certain photographic developers, aiding in the development of photographic images.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate's alkaline nature contributes to its role in breaking down organic matter, making it useful in cleaning applications.
In some formulations, Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used as an emulsifying agent to create stable mixtures of oil and water-based substances.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate has applications in cleaning and disinfecting medical equipment and facilities.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate's alkaline properties contribute to its effectiveness in neutralizing acidic solutions in various chemical processes.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate can be employed as a rust converter, transforming iron oxide (rust) into a more stable compound on metal surfaces.
In industrial water treatment, it's used to control the pH of water and to prevent the formation of scale and deposits.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate's ability to form stable complexes makes it valuable in analytical chemistry for trace metal analysis.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is sometimes added to soaps and detergents to enhance their cleaning properties.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is utilized in the cleaning and maintenance of swimming pools to control algae growth and maintain water clarity.

In the production of ceramics and glass, Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used to adjust the pH of glazes and cleaning solutions.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is involved in the formulation of some rust removers and descaling agents.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate's chemical interactions find applications in various laboratory procedures and chemical syntheses.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate can be used to restore the shine and cleanliness of metal surfaces, including stainless steel and aluminum.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is utilized in the pulp and paper industry for its ability to remove ink and residue from paper fibers.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate finds application in the automotive industry for cleaning engine components and removing grease and oil stains.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is added to some cleaning products for household use, enhancing their effectiveness on tough stains and surfaces.
In the construction industry, it's used to clean and prepare surfaces before applying coatings, sealants, or adhesives.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is employed in the restoration of historical and architectural surfaces to remove dirt and grime.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used in certain fire-fighting foams to suppress flammable liquid fires by forming a smothering blanket.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate's alkaline properties make it useful for adjusting pH levels in swimming pool water to prevent algae growth.
In the textile industry, Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used for scouring cotton fabrics to remove impurities and natural oils before dyeing or finishing.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is incorporated into some toothpaste formulations as an abrasive for effective dental cleaning.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used in some metal cleaning products to remove tarnish and oxidation from silverware and jewelry.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate's ability to dissolve mineral deposits makes it useful for cleaning faucets, showerheads, and other plumbing fixtures.

In the agriculture industry, Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used in cleaning and disinfecting equipment and facilities to prevent the spread of disease.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is employed in the cleaning and maintenance of commercial kitchens and food processing facilities.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used to remove mold, mildew, and stains from surfaces in humid environments, such as bathrooms and basements.
In the electronics industry, it's used in the cleaning of circuit boards and electronic components to remove flux residues.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate's alkalinity contributes to its role in neutralizing acidic substances in laboratory and chemical research settings.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate can be added to some metal polishes to enhance the shine and remove tarnish.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used in the cleaning of windows, glass, and mirrors to remove streaks, smudges, and fingerprints.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate's ability to dissolve organic matter makes it valuable for cleaning and sanitizing composting toilets.
In the ceramics industry, Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used to remove glaze defects and clean kiln shelves and equipment.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used in the cleaning of brewery equipment to remove residues and prevent contamination.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is employed in the cleaning and maintenance of air conditioning and ventilation systems to remove mold and debris.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate can be used to clean and deodorize trash cans and bins by breaking down organic waste and odors.
In marine applications, it's used to clean boat hulls and remove algae and marine growth.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is added to some cleaning solutions for carpet and upholstery to remove stains and dirt.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used in the cleaning and maintenance of industrial equipment and machinery to remove residues and contaminants.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate finds application in the cleaning of brick and masonry surfaces, effectively removing dirt, stains, and efflorescence.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is employed in the cleaning of ceramic and porcelain tiles to remove grout haze and mineral deposits.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is added to some paint removers and strippers to soften and lift layers of old paint.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used in the cleaning of wooden surfaces to remove mold, mildew, and stains, restoring the natural appearance of the wood.
The compound is utilized in the cleaning of vinyl and plastic surfaces to remove dirt, stains, and discoloration.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used in the cleaning of concrete surfaces, driveways, and sidewalks to remove oil stains and grime.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is employed in the cleaning of ceramic and glass cooktops to remove burnt-on food and stains.
The compound is used in the cleaning of outdoor furniture, removing dirt, grime, and weathering effects.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is added to some bathroom and kitchen cleaning products to enhance their effectiveness on soap scum and hard water stains.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is utilized in the cleaning of industrial exhaust systems to remove soot, grease, and other deposits.
The compound is employed in the cleaning of automotive interiors, including upholstery and carpets, to remove stains and odors.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used in the cleaning of pet enclosures and kennels to remove odors and disinfect surfaces.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is employed in the cleaning of playground equipment and outdoor structures to remove dirt, mold, and environmental pollutants.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is added to some all-purpose cleaners for household use to improve their ability to remove a wide range of stains and soils.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used in the cleaning of greasy and oily tools and equipment in industrial workshops.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is employed in the cleaning of concrete and stone statues and monuments to remove dirt and pollutants.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used in the cleaning of automotive engines and parts to remove oil, grease, and carbon buildup.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is added to some carpet cleaning solutions to lift and remove deep-seated stains and dirt.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is utilized in the cleaning of garage floors and workshop surfaces to remove oil and grease stains.
The compound is employed in the cleaning of swimming pool decks and patio areas to remove dirt, algae, and stains.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used in the cleaning of outdoor grills and barbecue equipment to remove grease and carbon buildup.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is added to some bathroom cleaning products to remove hard water stains and mineral deposits from surfaces.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is utilized in the cleaning of industrial tanks and containers to remove residues and contaminants.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used in the cleaning of industrial pipelines and conduits to remove blockages and buildup.

DESCRIPTION

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate, often abbreviated as TSP, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Na3PO4·12H2O.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is a white, crystalline, water-soluble solid that is commonly used for various industrial and household purposes.
The "dodecahydrate" part of the name indicates that the compound has 12 water molecules associated with each molecule of trisodium phosphate.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate, with the chemical formula Na3PO4·12H2O, is a hydrated sodium phosphate compound.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate appears as a white, crystalline solid with a granular texture and is highly soluble in water.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is composed of sodium (Na) cations, phosphate (PO4) anions, and twelve water molecules.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is known for its strong alkaline properties, which make it effective in cleaning and degreasing applications.
Its alkalinity arises from the presence of hydroxide ions (OH-) released when it dissolves in water.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used across various industries for its versatile cleaning and chemical properties.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate's ability to react with fatty acids and oils makes it an efficient degreaser in industrial settings.

In household applications, it's utilized for heavy-duty cleaning tasks, such as preparing surfaces for painting.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the air.
Its granular form allows for easy mixing with water to create cleaning solutions.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is regulated as a food additive in some jurisdictions, where it serves as an acidity regulator and emulsifier.

Due to its sequestering properties, it's used for water softening to reduce hardness caused by calcium and magnesium ions.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate can be found in some dishwasher detergents, aiding in stain removal from dishes and glassware.
In the field of photography, it plays a role as a photographic developer.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate's pH-adjusting abilities make it useful in textile processing to neutralize acidic solutions.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate's alkaline nature contributes to its efficacy in scale and rust removal from metals.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is used as a component in industrial cleaning products, facilitating the removal of various contaminants.
In specific applications, it's utilized for paint stripping by breaking down layers of paint coatings.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate can be employed in the cleaning of boilers and industrial equipment, removing deposits and buildup.
Its chemical structure consists of sodium ions binding with phosphate anions, surrounded by twelve water molecules.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate's solubility in water enables it to create effective cleaning solutions with varying concentrations.

Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate's alkalinity is attributed to its ability to release hydroxide ions when dissolved.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate's versatile uses span from heavy-duty cleaning in households to industrial applications.
Its chemical composition is governed by the presence of sodium, phosphate, and water molecules.
When handling Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate, proper precautions should be taken due to its alkaline nature and potential environmental and health impacts.

PROPERTIES

Chemical Formula: Na3PO4·12H2O
Molecular Weight: 380.12 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline solid
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Melting Point: 73.4 °C (164.1 °F) (loses water of crystallization)
Density: 1.62 g/cm³ (at 20 °C)
Hygroscopic: Absorbs moisture from the air
Odor: Odorless
pH: Alkaline/basic (due to the hydrolysis of phosphate ions)

FIRST AID

Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is experiencing difficulty breathing, seek medical attention promptly.
Provide oxygen or artificial respiration if breathing is compromised.

Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with plenty of water and mild soap.
If irritation or redness persists, seek medical attention.
Cleanse any clothing that has come in contact with the compound before re-use.

Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes gently with water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek immediate medical attention to ensure thorough eye examination.
If contact lenses are being worn, remove them after the initial rinsing and continue rinsing.

Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water to remove any traces of the compound.
Do NOT induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Drink plenty of water to dilute the compound and help minimize potential adverse effects.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide medical personnel with information about the ingested amount and symptoms.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate, wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or a face shield, and protective clothing to prevent skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure.
If handling in an enclosed space, ensure proper ventilation systems are in place.

Avoid Direct Contact:
Avoid direct skin, eye, and clothing contact with the compound.
In case of contact, follow first aid measures and wash thoroughly with water.

Avoid Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the compound.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Response:
In case of spills or leaks, promptly contain the spill using appropriate absorbent materials.
Avoid generating dust.
Collect the spilled material and place it in suitable containers for disposal.

Dust Generation:
Minimize dust generation during handling to prevent inhalation exposure.
Use appropriate dust control measures such as local exhaust ventilation or dust suppression techniques.

Equipment and Tools:
Use non-sparking tools and equipment when handling the compound to prevent ignition of dust.

Storage:

Container:
Store Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate in tightly sealed, labeled containers made of compatible materials, such as plastic or glass.

Location:
Store containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of heat, direct sunlight, and incompatible materials.

Elevated Storage:
Elevate containers off the ground to prevent contact with moisture and potential water damage.

Segregation:
Store Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate away from acids, bases, and reactive materials to prevent undesired chemical reactions.

Labeling:
Clearly label containers with the name of the compound, hazard symbols, handling precautions, and first aid instructions.

SYNONYMS

Sodium Phosphate Tribasic Dodecahydrate
TSP Dodecahydrate
Sodium Phosphate Dodecahydrate
Trisodium Phosphate 12-Hydrate
TSP-12
Sodium Phosphate Tribasic 12-Hydrate
Sodium Phosphate Crystalline Dodecahydrate
Sodium Orthophosphate Dodecahydrate
Tertiary Sodium Phosphate Dodecahydrate
Sodium Orthophosphate Tribasic Dodecahydrate
Trisodium Orthophosphate Dodecahydrate
Sodium Phosphate Crystal Dodecahydrate
Trisodium Phosphate Crystalline Dodecahydrate
Trisodium Salt Dodecahydrate
Tertiary Sodium Phosphate 12-Hydrate
Sodium Tertiary Phosphate Dodecahydrate
Sodium Orthophosphate Crystal Dodecahydrate
Sodium Phosphate Hydrate
Trisodium Salt of Orthophosphoric Acid Dodecahydrate
Tertiary Sodium Phosphate Crystalline Dodecahydrate
Sodium Phosphate 12-Hydrate
Sodium Orthophosphate Hydrate
Sodium Phosphate 12H2O
Sodium Phosphate Hydrated
Sodium Orthophosphate Hydrated
Sodium Phosphate 12-Dehydrate
Sodium Phosphate Tribasic Hydrate
Trisodium Orthophosphate 12-Hydrate
TSP Hydrate
Sodium Phosphate Tribasic 12H2O
Tertiary Sodium Phosphate 12-Dehydrate
Sodium Phosphate Dodeca
Sodium Phosphate 12-Molecule
Trisodium Salt Hydrate
Sodium Orthophosphate 12-Molecule
Tertiary Sodium Phosphate 12-Molecule
Trisodium Phosphate 12-Molecule
Sodium Tertiary Phosphate 12-Molecule
Sodium Orthophosphate Tribasic Hydrate
Sodium Phosphate 12H2O
Tertiary Sodium Phosphate Tribasic Hydrate
Sodium Phosphate 12-Water
Sodium Orthophosphate 12-Water
Tertiary Sodium Phosphate 12-Water
Trisodium Phosphate 12-Water
Sodium Tertiary Phosphate 12-Water
Trisodium Orthophosphate Hydrate
Tertiary Sodium Phosphate Hydrate
Sodium Tertiary Phosphate Hydrate
Trisodium Orthophosphate 12-Water

SYNONYMS 6-N,N-Diethyl-β-γ-dibromomethylene-D-adenosine-5′-triphosphate trisodium salt hydrate, FPL 67156 CAS NO:160928-38-1 (free acid)

Trisodium salt appears as a white crystalline powder or granular crystals and, given Trisodium salt is a salt, possesses a salty / saline taste with no real detectable odour.
Trisodium salt is a chemical compound, the sodium salt of Citric Acid.
Trisodium salt is obtained by reacting Sodium Citrate with sodium hydroxide, carbonate, or bicarbonate and then crystallized and dehydrated.

CAS Number: 68-04-2
EC number: 200-675-3
Chemical Formula: Na3C6H5O7
Molar Mass: 294.10 g/mol

Trisodium salt has the chemical formula of Na3C6H5O7.
Trisodium salt is sometimes referred to simply as "sodium citrate", though Trisodium salt can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid.
Trisodium salt possesses a saline, mildly tart flavor, and is a mild alkali.

Trisodium salt is mildly basic and can be used along with Sodium Citrate to make biologically compatible buffers.

Trisodium salt has the chemical formula Na3C6H5O7.
Trisodium salt can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid.

Trisodium salt is lightweight and can be used with Sodium Citrate to make biocompatible buffers.

Trisodium salt, one of the sodium salts of citric acid, is a compound found in every living organism and is part of key metabolic pathways in all body cells.
Trisodium salt is found in high concentrations in sour fruits, kiwis, strawberries and many other fruits.
Trisodium salt is commercially prepared by the fermentation of molasses by the mold Aspergillus niger.

Trisodium salt, also referred to as Sodium Citrate, Trisodium citrate or food additive E331, is the tribasic salt of citric acid.
Trisodium salt appears as a white crystalline powder or granular crystals and, given Trisodium salt is a salt, possesses a salty / saline taste with no real detectable odour.

Trisodium salt has the CAS number 6132-04-3 and formula Na3C6H5O7.
Trisodium salt is water-soluble, non-toxic and fully biodegradable.

Trisodium salt is the sodium salt of citric acid.
Trisodium salt is white, crystalline powder or white, granular crystals, slightly deliquescent in moist air, freely soluble in water, practically insoluble in alcohol.

Like Sodium Citrate, Trisodium salt has a sour taste.
From the medical point of view, Trisodium salt is used as alkalinizing agent.

Trisodium salt works by neutralizing excess acid in the blood and urine.
Trisodium salt has been indicated for the treatment of metabolic acidosis.

Trisodium salt is a chemical compound, the sodium salt of Citric Acid.
Trisodium salt is obtained by reacting Sodium Citrate with sodium hydroxide, carbonate, or bicarbonate and then crystallized and dehydrated.

Trisodium salt also occurs naturally in citrus fruits.
Trisodium salt is commonly referred to as ‘Sodium Citrate’, but this term is ambiguous as Trisodium salt can also refer to the sodium or monosodium salt.

Trisodium salt is structured in such a way that a sodium atom is attached to each of the three carboxyl groups present.
Similarly, Monosodium Citrate is a chemical compound with one sodium in the molecule and Disodium Citrate is a chemical compound with two sodium atoms.

Trisodium salt is labeled as a food additive with the symbol E331.

Trisodium salt is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Trisodium salt is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Trisodium salt is a tribasic salt of citric acid.
Trisodium salt is produced by complete neutralisation of citric acid with high purity sodium hydroxide or carbonate and subsequent crystallisation and dehydration.
The common hydrate form, Trisodium salt dihydrate, is widely used in foods, beverages and various technical applications mainly as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.

Trisodium salt anhydrous is manufactured from Trisodium salt dihydrate.
Water molecules of the dihydrate crystals are removed by a patented process without destroying the original crystal matrix.

The resulting crystals have a porous matrix that can be used as a carrier for inorganic and/or organic substances like perfumes and surfactants.
Due to Trisodium salt low water content Trisodium salt anhydrous does not add water to the formulation.

Trisodium salt has even the excellent ability to take up surplus water from moisture sensitive formulations thus providing better shelf life to the end product.
Therefore, Trisodium salt anhydrous finds Trisodium salt particular uses in water sensitive formulations like instant drinks as well as tablets and powders in pharmaceuticals and detergents.

Trisodium salt anhydrous occurs as white, granular crystals or as white, crystalline powder.
Trisodium salt is freely soluble in water and practically insoluble in ethanol (96 %).

Trisodium salt is a non-toxic, neutral salt with low reactivity.
Trisodium salt is chemically stable if stored at ambient temperatures.
Trisodium salt anhydrous is fully biodegradable and can be disposed of with regular waste or sewage.

Trisodium salt dihydrate, is widely applied in food, beverages and fillers as a buffering, sequestering or an emulsifying agent.
Trisodium salt used as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, osmotic laxative, functional fluids, solvents cleaning, furnishing care products, laundry dishwashing products and cleaning automobile radiators.

Trisodium salt dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid.
Trisodium salt is produced by complete neutralisation of Trisodium salt with high purity sodium hydroxide or carbonate and subsequent crystallisation.
Trisodium salt dihydrate is widely used in foods, beverages and various technical applications mainly as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.

Trisodium salt dihydrate occurs as white, granular crystals or as white, crystalline powder with a pleasant, salty taste.
Trisodium salt is slightly deliquescent in moist air, freely soluble in water and practically insoluble in ethanol (96 %).

Trisodium salt dihydrate is a non-toxic, neutral salt with low reactivity.
Trisodium salt is chemically stable if stored at ambient temperatures.
Trisodium salt dihydrate is fully biodegradable and can be disposed of with regular waste or sewage.

Trisodium salt in Food:
Trisodium salt is a food additive with the E number E331.
Trisodium salt is used in a variety of processed food and drink primarily as a flavour enhancer and a preservative.
As an emulsifying agent Trisodium salt is also used in cheesemaking to allow cheese to melt without the separation of oils and fats.

Trisodium salt in food buffers pH levels to help regulate acidity in a variety of foods to balance taste and is also able to impart a tart / sour flavour in a wide variety of drink products.

Usage areas of Trisodium salt:
Trisodium salt is often used as a food additive as a flavoring or preservative.
The E number is E331.

Trisodium salt is used as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of club soda.
Trisodium salt is common as an ingredient in Bratwurst and is also commercially available for drinks and beverage mixes, contributing a tart flavor.

Trisodium salt is found in gelatin mix, ice cream, jam, desserts, powdered milk, processed cheeses, sodas and wine.
Trisodium salt can be used as an emulsifier when making cheese.
Trisodium salt allows the cheese to melt without remaining greasy.

Trisodium salt, a conjugate base of a weak acid, can act as a buffering agent or acidity regulator by resisting change in pH.
Trisodium salt is used to control the acidity of some substances, such as gelatin desserts.

Trisodium salt is found in mini milk containers used in coffee machines.
Trisodium salt is a particularly effective substance for removing carbonate scale from boilers without cracking and for cleaning car radiators.

Uses of Trisodium salt:
Trisodium salt has many uses, but is mainly applied in the food industry.
Trisodium salt has similar applications as Citric Acid, so Trisodium salt is usually used as a flavor enhancer, to acidify foods or beverages, or as a preservative.

Trisodium salt is also commonly used in medicine as a drug ingredient, usually for people with urinary tract infections.
Trisodium salt also plays a role as an anticoagulant, which means Trisodium salt inhibits blood clotting.

In addition, Trisodium salt is used in chemistry.
Trisodium salt is a component of buffers and a component of Benedict’s reagent, which is used to detect sugars and aldehydes.
Trisodium salt is also found in cosmetics such as shower gels, shampoos or skin creams, as Trisodium salt gives them the right acidity level and is used as a preservative.

Another application of Trisodium salt is to remove scale from boilers, clean car radiators, and burnt sheet metal or pots.
Trisodium salt is also used in the production of cleaning products, as it softens water, allowing detergents to work more effectively.

Trisodium salt is used in similar applications to citric acid.
These uses include as an acidity regulator in food and drink, as a sequestering agent to prevent limescale inference with soaps and detergents and as an emulsifying agent to aid chemical mixing processes where two separate elements are incapable of mixing (for example oil and water) and helps to keep these mixtures stable once formulated.

Trisodium salt is used in blood collection (anticoagulant), photography, and food production. (sequestering agent, emulsifier, and acidulant)
Permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products.

Trisodium salt in food industry:

Foods:
Trisodium salt is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative.
Trisodium salt E number is E331.

Trisodium salt is employed as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of club soda.
Trisodium salt is common as an ingredient in bratwurst, and is also used in commercial ready-to-drink beverages and drink mixes, contributing a tart flavor.
Trisodium salt is found in gelatin mix[clarification needed], ice cream, yogurt, jams, sweets, milk powder, processed cheeses, carbonated beverages, and wine[citation needed], amongst others.

As a conjugate base of a weak acid, citrate can perform as a buffering agent or acidity regulator, resisting changes in pH.
Trisodium salt is used to control acidity in some substances, such as gelatin desserts.

Trisodium salt can be found in the milk minicontainers used with coffee machines.
Trisodium salt is the product of antacids, such as Alka-Seltzer, when they are dissolved in water.

The pH of a solution of 5 g/100 ml water at 25 °C is 7.5 – 9.0.
Trisodium salt is added to many commercially packaged dairy products to control the PH impact of the gastrointestinal system of humans, mainly in processed products such as cheese and yogurt.

Trisodium salt can be used to optimize the safety and quality of snacks, cereals, bakery products and potato products such as French fries without affecting the production process.

Trisodium salt is found in carbonated beverages, dairy products, confectionery, prepared foods, canned meats and vegetables, margarine, mustard, sauces, mayonnaise, spices, jams, and much more.
This is not surprising, because Trisodium salt has various properties that are important for the food industry.

Firstly, Trisodium salt is used as an acidity regulator to maintain the proper pH of Trisodium salt.
Trisodium salt is found in sodas, especially those with lemon flavor, energy drinks, desserts or jams.

Trisodium salt is a sequestering agent, which means Trisodium salt is a substance that binds metal ions, called chelates.
Thanks to this, the consumer is protected from the harmful effects of heavy metals in foods.

Trisodium salt is also an emulsifier – Trisodium salt enables the preparation of a uniform solution from two immiscible liquids.
Trisodium salt is useful, for example, in the production of cheese, as Trisodium salt does not become greasy after melting, because Trisodium salt prevents the separation of fats.

Another use of Trisodium salt in the food industry is as a preservative.
Trisodium salt protects the fats in Trisodium salt from oxidation and rancidity.
Trisodium salt also prevents color changes in foods.

Medical uses:
In 1914, the Belgian doctor Albert Hustin and the Argentine physician and researcher Luis Agote successfully used Trisodium salt as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, with Richard Lewisohn determining Trisodium salt correct concentration in 1915.
Trisodium salt continues to be used today in blood-collection tubes and for the preservation of blood in blood banks.

The citrate ion chelates calcium ions in the blood by forming calcium citrate complexes, disrupting the blood clotting mechanism.
Recently, Trisodium salt has also been used as a locking agent in vascath and haemodialysis lines instead of heparin due to Trisodium salt lower risk of systemic anticoagulation.

In 2003, Ööpik et al. showed the use of Trisodium salt (0.5 g/kg body weight) improved running performance over 5 km by 30 seconds.

Trisodium salt is used to relieve discomfort in urinary-tract infections, such as cystitis, to reduce the acidosis seen in distal renal tubular acidosis, and can also be used as an osmotic laxative.
Trisodium salt is a major component of the WHO oral rehydration solution.

Trisodium salt is used as an antacid, especially prior to anaesthesia, for caesarian section procedures to reduce the risks associated with the aspiration of gastric contents.

Trisodium salt in medicine:
Trisodium salt is not only known as a food additive, but also as an important chemical compound in medicine.
Trisodium salt is used in analytical laboratories where blood tests are performed because Trisodium salt has an anticoagulant effect.

This prevents blood cells from clumping together.
Trisodium salt is then used as a component of solutions for filling hemodialysis catheters.

Trisodium salt lowers the concentration of heparin, which in turn reduces the risks associated with coagulation disorders in patients with kidney disease or blood clotting.
This counteracts side effects during and after dialysis treatment.
This effect is also extremely useful when storing blood or during transfusions.

Trisodium salt is also used as a drug.
Trisodium salt treats kidney stones, gout and reduces the symptoms of metabolic acidosis.

Trisodium salt can also be used as a laxative.
Trisodium salt can be used for hypercalcemia, a condition in which the concentration of calcium in the blood is too high.
Trisodium salt works by increasing the excretion of calcium through the urine.

Consumer Uses:
Trisodium salt is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes, air care products, cosmetics and personal care products, water softeners, perfumes and fragrances, water treatment chemicals, coating products, inks and toners, textile treatment products and dyes, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), fertilisers, adsorbents, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, laboratory chemicals and photo-chemicals.
Other release to the environment of Trisodium salt is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)), indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Trisodium salt is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, air care products, perfumes and fragrances, polishes and waxes, water softeners, water treatment chemicals, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, inks and toners, textile treatment products and dyes, fertilisers, photo-chemicals, cosmetics and personal care products and adsorbents.
Trisodium salt is used in the following areas: health services, building & construction work, mining, agriculture, forestry and fishing and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Trisodium salt is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles and furniture.

Other release to the environment of Trisodium salt is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)), indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints), indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Uses at industrial sites:
Trisodium salt is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes and water treatment chemicals.
Trisodium salt is used in the following areas: mining, health services and building & construction work.
Trisodium salt is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles, textile, leather or fur, metals, fabricated metal products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment and chemicals.

Release to the environment of Trisodium salt can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, as processing aid, formulation of mixtures and in the production of articles.
Other release to the environment of Trisodium salt is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Other Uses:

Food:
Baby Food, Infant Formula
Bakery
Cereals, Snacks
Confectionery
Dairy
Dairy Alternatives
Desserts, Ice Cream
Flavours
Fruit Preparations, Sweet Spreads
Fruits, Vegetables
Meat Alternatives
Meat, Seafood
Plant-based Products
Ready Meals, Instant Food
Sauces, Dressings, Seasonings

Beverages:
Alcoholic Beverages
Carbonated Soft Drinks
Instant Drinks, Syrups
Juice Drinks
Plant-based
RTD Tea and Coffee
Sports and Energy Drinks
Waters

Healthcare:
Clinical Nutrition
Medical Devices
OTC, Food Supplements
Pharmaceutical Products

Personal Care:
Colour Cosmetics
Fragrances
Hair Care
Oral Care
Skin Care
Soap and Bath Products

Cleaners & Detergents:
Dish Washing
Industrial Cleaners
Laundry Care
Surface Care

Industrial Applications:
Adhesives, Sealants
Agrochemicals, Fertilisers
Construction
Fine Chemicals
Inks, Paints, Coatings
Oil Drilling
Paper
Plastics, Polymers
Textile, Leather

Feed & Pet Food:
Feed
Pet Food

Pharma:
Buffering agent
Chelating agent
Mineral source

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Photographic Processing

Applications of Trisodium salt:
Trisodium salt dihydrate, is widely applied in food, beverages and fillers as a buffering, sequestering or an emulsifying agent.
Trisodium salt used as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, osmotic laxative, functional fluids, solvents cleaning, furnishing care products, laundry dishwashing products and cleaning automobile radiators.

Foods:
Trisodium salt is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative.
Trisodium salt E number is E331.

Trisodium salt is employed as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of club soda.
Trisodium salt is common as an ingredient in bratwurst, and is also used in commercial ready-to-drink beverages and drink mixes, contributing a tart flavor.
Trisodium salt is found in gelatin mix, ice cream, yogurt, jams, sweets, milk powder, processed cheeses, carbonated beverages, and wine,[3] amongst others.

Trisodium salt can be used as an emulsifying stabilizer when making cheese.
Trisodium salt allows the cheese to melt without becoming greasy by stopping the fats from separating.

Buffering:
As a conjugate base of a weak acid, citrate can perform as a buffering agent or acidity regulator, resisting changes in pH.
Trisodium salt is used to control acidity in some substances, such as gelatin desserts.

Trisodium salt can be found in the milk minicontainers used with coffee machines.
Trisodium salt is the product of antacids, such as Alka-Seltzer, when they are dissolved in water.

The pH of a solution of 5 g/100 ml water at 25 °C is 7.5 – 9.0.
Trisodium salt is added to many commercially packaged dairy products to control the pH impact of the gastrointestinal system of humans, mainly in processed products such as cheese and yogurt, although Trisodium salt also has beneficial effects on the physical gel microstructure.

Chemistry:
Trisodium salt is a component in Benedict's qualitative solution, often used in organic analysis to detect the presence of reducing sugars such as glucose.

Medicine:
In 1914, the Belgian doctor Albert Hustin and the Argentine physician and researcher Luis Agote successfully used Trisodium salt as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, with Richard Lewisohn determining Trisodium salt correct concentration in 1915.
Trisodium salt continues to be used today in blood-collection tubes and for the preservation of blood in blood banks.

The citrate ion chelates calcium ions in the blood by forming calcium citrate complexes, disrupting the blood clotting mechanism.
Recently, Trisodium salt has also been used as a locking agent in vascath and haemodialysis lines instead of heparin due to Trisodium salt lower risk of systemic anticoagulation.

In 2003, Ööpik et al. showed the use of Trisodium salt (0.5 g/kg body weight) improved running performance over 5 km by 30 seconds.

Trisodium salt is used to relieve discomfort in urinary-tract infections, such as cystitis, to reduce the acidosis seen in distal renal tubular acidosis, and can also be used as an osmotic laxative.
Trisodium salt is a major component of the WHO oral rehydration solution.

Trisodium salt is used as an antacid, especially prior to anaesthesia, for caesarian section procedures to reduce the risks associated with the aspiration of gastric contents.

Boiler descaling:
Trisodium salt is a particularly effective agent for removal of carbonate scale from boilers without removing them from operation and for cleaning automobile radiators.

Healthcare:

Effervescent tablets and preparations:
The reaction of citric acid and bicarbonate liberates carbon dioxide, which aids the dissolution of active ingredients and improves palatability.
Effervescent systems are widely used in denture-cleaning products, as well as pain relief and vitamin tablets.

Pharmaceutically active substances — many are supplied as their citrate salt.

pH control:
Citric acid, with sodium or potassium citrate, is an efficient buffering system used in a variety of pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications for improving stability and (where appropriate) enhancing the activity of preservatives.

Flavor:
The sharp, acid taste of citric acid (which is often used to enhance fruit flavors) can help mask the unpleasant, medicinal taste of pharmaceuticals.

Antioxidant:
The citrate ion is a powerful chelating agent for trace metal ions.

Blood anticoagulant:
The citrate ion will chelate calcium, thereby reducing the tendency for blood to clot.

Diuretic – potassium citrate has diuretic properties.
Clinical Nutrition Medical Devices
OTC, Food Supplements Pharmaceutical Products
Color Cosmetics Deodorants
Fragrances Hair Care
Oral Care Skin Care Soap and Bath Products

Cleaners & Detergents:
The major components of cleaning products are surfactants and builders.
Other ingredients are added to provide a variety of functions, e.g., increasing cleaning performance for specific soils/surfaces, ensuring product stability, and supplying a unique identity to a product.

Complex phosphates and Trisodium salt are common sequestering builders.
Builders enhance or maintain the cleaning efficiency of the surfactant.

The primary function of builders is to reduce water hardness.
This is done either by sequestration or chelation (holding hardness minerals in solution); by precipitation (forming an insoluble substance); or by ion exchange (trading electrically charged particles).
Builders can also supply and maintain alkalinity, which assists cleaning, especially of acid soils; help keep removed soil from redepositing during washing, and emulsify oily and greasy soils.

Dish Washing Industrial Cleaners:

Laundry Care Surface Care:

Industrial
Sodium Citrate is employed as an industrial cleaner to clear steam blocks and hot water systems of calcium and rust layers.
As a chemical polish, Sodium Citrate is used to treat aluminum, copper and other metal surfaces.

Sodium Citrate and citrates are used as buffering and complexing agents in electro-plating baths.
The building and textile industries also take advantage of Sodium Citrate’s outstanding chelating ability as well as Trisodium salt non-toxicity.

Examples include set retarding of gypsum plasters and textile finishing.
Further industrial applications of Sodium Citrate and citrates range from desulphurisation of flue gas and oil recovery to the decontamination of radioactive nuclear reactor materials.

Adhesives, Sealants, Agrochemicals, Fertilizers
Construction, Fine Chemicals
Inks, Paints, Coatings, Metal Surface Treatment
Oil Drilling Ore Mining and Refining
Paper, Plastics, Polymers
Textile, Leather

Main Functions of Trisodium salt:
pH regulator
Chelating agent
Buffering agent
Flavour enhancer
Stabiliser
Emulsifying agent

Properties of Trisodium salt:
Trisodium salt is in the form of a white, odorless powder with a slightly salty taste.
Trisodium salt occurs as a hydrate in combination with water.

Trisodium salt is characterized by the fact that Trisodium salt is hygroscopic, so Trisodium salt easily absorbs and combines with water.
Therefore, Trisodium salt should be stored under such conditions that Trisodium salt is protected from moisture.
Although Trisodium salt is a salt of an acid, Trisodium salt has an alkaline pH.

Typical Properties:
Dihydrate
White
Granular crystals or crystalline powder
Typical, practically odourless
Pleasantly salty
Freely soluble in water
Practically insoluble in ethanol (96 %)
Non-toxic
Low reactive
Chemically and microbiologically stable
Fully biodegradable

Action Mechanism of Trisodium salt:
Trisodium salt chelates free calcium ions preventing them from forming a complex with tissue factor and coagulation factor VIIa to promote the activation of coagulation factor X.
This inhibits the extrinsic initiation of the coagulation cascade.

Trisodium salt may also exert an anticoagulant effect via a so far unknown mechanism as restoration of calcium concentration does not fully reverse the effect of citrate.
Trisodium salt is a weak base and so reacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to raise the pH.

Trisodium salt Trisodium salt further metabolized to bicarbonate which then acts as a systemic alkalizing agent, raising the pH of the blood and urine.
Trisodium salt also acts as a diuretic and increases the urinary excretion of calcium.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Trisodium salt:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Buffers:
A chemical system that functions to control the levels of specific ions in solution.
When the level of hydrogen ion in solution is controlled the system is called a pH buffer.

Food Preservatives:
Substances capable of inhibiting, retarding or arresting the process of fermentation, acidification or other deterioration of foods.

Anticoagulants:
Agents that prevent BLOOD CLOTTING.

Manufacturing Method of Trisodium salt:
Prepare the Trisodium salt buffer by mixing the Trisodium salt, hydrochloric acid, and ultrapure water together in a 2L beaker or conical flask.
Use a magnetic stirrer to ensure that all reagents are properly dissolved.

Adjust to pH 6.01 with the 0.5% (w/v) sodium hydroxide and 0.5% (v/v) hydrochloric acid solutions.
Add this solution to the pressure cooker.

Place the pressure cooker on the hotplate and turn Trisodium salt on to full power.
Do not secure the lid of the pressure cooker at this point; simply rest Trisodium salt on top.

While waiting for the pressure cooker to come to the boil, dewax and rehydrate the paraffin sections by placing them in three changes of xylene for 3 min each, followed by three changes of IMS or methanol for 3 min each, followed by cold running tap water.
Keep them in the tap water until the pressure cooker comes to the boil.

Once the pressure cooker is boiling, transfer the slides from the tap water to the pressure cooker.
Take care with the hot solution and steam—use forceps and gloves. Secure the pressure cooker lid following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Once the cooker has reached full pressure (see manufacturer’s instructions), time for 3 min.

When 3 min has elapsed, turn off the hotplate and place the pressure cooker in an empty sink.
Activate the pressure release valve (see the manufacturer’s instructions) and run cold water over the cooker.

Once depressurized, open the lid and run cold water into the cooker for 10 min.
Take care with the hot solution and steam.

Continue with an appropriate immunochemical staining protocol.

Handling and storage of Trisodium salt:
Handling Ensure adequate ventilation.
Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing.

Avoid ingestionandinhalation.
Avoid dust formation.
Storage Keep containers tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place.

Stability and reactivity of Trisodium salt:

Reactive:
Hazard None known, based on information available.

Stability:
Stable under normal conditions.
Conditions to Avoid Incompatible products.

Excess heat.
Avoid dust formation.

Incompatible Materials:
Strong oxidizing agents, Strong reducing agents, Acids, Bases

Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Sodium oxides

Hazardous Polymerization:
Hazardous polymerization does not occur. Hazardous Reactions None under normal processing.

First-aid measures of Trisodium salt:

Eye Contact:
Rinse immediately with plenty of water, also under the eyelids, for at least 15 minutes.
Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

Skin Contact:
Wash off immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
If skin irritation persists, call a physician.

Inhalation:
Remove to fresh air.
Get medical attention immediately if symptoms occur.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.

Ingestion:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Get medical attention immediately if symptoms occur.

Most important symptoms and effects:
No information available.

Notes to Physician:
Treat symptomatically

Fire-fighting measures of Trisodium salt:

Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Water spray, carbon dioxide (CO2), dry chemical, alcohol-resistant foam.

Autoignition Temperature:
500 °C / 932 °F

Accidental release measures of Trisodium salt:
Personal Precautions Ensure adequate ventilation.
Avoid dust formation.

Avoid contact with skin andeyes.
Usepersonal protective equipment as required.
Environmental Precautions No special environmental precautions required.

Methods for Containment and Clean Up:
Sweep up and shovel into suitable containers for disposal.
Avoid dust formation.

Identifiers of Trisodium salt:
CAS Number:
68-04-2
6132-04-3 (dihydrate)
6858-44-2 (pentahydrate)

ChEMBL: ChEMBL1355
ChemSpider: 5989
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.614
E number: E331iii (antioxidants, ...)
PubChem CID: 6224
RTECS number: GE8300000

UNII:
RS7A450LGA
B22547B95K (dihydrate)

CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2026363
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H8O7.3Na/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;3*+1/p-3
Key: HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K
InChI=1/C6H8O7.3Na/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;3*+1/p-3
Key: HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-DFZHHIFOAL
SMILES: C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]

CAS number: 6132-04-3
EC number: 200-675-3
Grade: Ph Eur,BP,JP,USP,E 331
Hill Formula: C₆H₅Na₃O₇ * 2 H₂O
Molar Mass: 294.10 g/mol
HS Code: 2918 15 00

Product Code: NA2043
CAS Number: 6132-04-3
Assay (purity): USP
Purity method: by titration
Molecular weight: 294.10
Form: solid
Appearance: white powder
Melting point: 300C
Boiling point: 309.6C
Titration: 99.0-101.0%
Titration type: with HCLO4
Molecular formula: Na3C6H5O7 · 2H2O
Linear formula: HOC(COONa)(CH2COONa)2 · 2H2O

Properties of Trisodium salt:
Chemical formula: Na3C6H5O7
Molar mass: 258.06 g/mol (anhydrous), 294.10 g/mol (dihydrate)
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Density: 1.7 g/cm3
Melting point: > 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) (hydrates lose water ca. 150 °C)
Boiling point: Decomposes
Solubility in water: Pentahydrate form: 92 g/100 g H2O (25 °C)

Melting Point: 300°C (anhydrous substance)
pH value: 7.5 - 9.0 (50 g/l, H₂O, 25°C)
Bulk density: 600 kg/m3
Solubility: 720 g/l

Molecular Weight: 294.10 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 9
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 293.99396471 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 293.99396471 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 143Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 18
Complexity: 211
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 6
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Trisodium salt:
Assay (Perchloric acid titration, calc. on anhydrous substance (Ph Eur)): 99.0 - 101.0 %
Assay (Perchloric acid titration, previously dried substance) (JP/USP): 99.0 - 100.5 %
Identity (Na): passes test
Identity (Citrate): passes test
Identity (reaction upon ignition): passes test
Appearance: white to almost white crystals
Appearance of solution (100 g/l, CO₂-free water): clear and colorless
Acidity or alkalinity: passes test
pH (50 g/l CO₂-free water): 7.5 - 8.5
Chloride (Cl): ≤ 50 ppm
Sulfate (SO₄): ≤ 150 ppm
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 5 ppm
Al (Aluminium): ≤ 5 ppm
As (Arsenic): ≤ 1 ppm
Hg (Mercury): ≤ 1 ppm
Pb (Lead): ≤ 1 ppm
Oxalate (as C₂H₂O₄): ≤ 100 ppm
Tartrate (C₄H₄O₆): passes test
Residual solvents (ICH (Q3C)): excluded by manufacturing process
Readily carbonisable substance: passes test
Water (according to Karl Fischer): 11.0 - 13.0 %
Loss on drying (180 °C, 18 h): 10.0 - 13.0 %

Related compounds of Trisodium salt:
Monosodium citrate
Disodium citrate
Calcium citrate
Citric acid

Names of Trisodium salt:

IUPAC names:
1,2,3-propanetricarboylic acid, 2-hydroxy- trisodium salt, dihydrate
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, trisodium sal
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetrioïc acid, trisodium salt
Ascorbato di sodio trisodico anidro E331
Citric acid trisodium salt, Sodium citrate tribasic, Sodium citrate
sodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
SODIUM CITRATE
Sodium citrate
sodium citrate
Sodium citrate
sodium citrate dihydrate
Sodium Citrate dihydrate
Sodium Citrate- OR 10
Tri sodium citrate
Tri Sodium Citrate
Trinatiumcitrat dihydrat
Trinatrium-2-hydroxypropan-1,2,3-tricarboxylat
Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-
Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3- tricarboxylate
Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylateTrisodium citrate
Trisodium 3-hydroxy-3- carboxylate-1,5-pentanedicaroxylate
TRISODIUM CITRATE
Trisodium Citrate
Trisodium citrate
trisodium citrate
Trisodium Citrate
Trisodium citrate
trisodium citrate
trisodium citrate (dihydrate)
trisodium citrate 2-hidrate
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate
trisodium citrate dihydrate
Trisodium citrate, Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
Trisodium citrate; Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
trisodium2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;dihydrate

Preferred IUPAC name:
Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate

Regulatory process names:
Sodium citrate anhydrous
Trisodium citrate
trisodium citrate

Trade names:
Citrate de trisodium, dihydrate
Citrato de trisodio, dihidrato
Sodio citrato
SODIUM CITRATE
Sodium Citrate
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE
Tri-Sodium Citrate Dihydrate
Trinatriumcitraatdihydraat
Trinatriumcitrat-Dihydrat
Trisodio citrato diidrato
Trisodium citrate
trisodium citrate
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE
Trisodium citrate dihydrate
TRISODIUM CITRATR

Other names:
Sodium citrate
Trisodium citrate
Citrosodine
Citric acid, trisodium salt
E331

Other identifiers:
1000844-65-4
1648840-06-5
183748-56-3
2095548-08-4
6132-04-3
68-04-2
8055-55-8
856354-90-0

Synonyms of Trisodium salt:
Trisodium citrate dihydrate
Sodium citrate dihydrate
6132-04-3
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate
Sodium citrate hydrate
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt, dihydrate
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate
Sodium citrate hydrous
SODIUM CITRATE, DIHYDRATE
trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
MFCD00150031
B22547B95K
trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;dihydrate
DTXSID1049437
Natrum citricum
Citric acid, trisodium salt, dihydrate
Citronensaeure,Trinatrium-Salz-Dihydrat
N-1560
Natrii citras, dehydrate
SODIUM CITRATE HYDROUS (II)
SODIUM CITRATE HYDROUS [II]
trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate--water (1/2)
Trisodium citrate dihydrate;Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate
2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid trisodium salt dihydrate
MFCD00130806
SODIUM CITRATE (EP MONOGRAPH)
SODIUM CITRATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
tri-sodium citrate dihydrate
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE (II)
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [II]
UNII-B22547B95K
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE (USP MONOGRAPH)
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
sodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
Sodiumcitrate
Tricitrasol
Tricitrasol (TN)
Sodium citrate; Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate; Sodium Citrate Dihydrate
Sodium citrate (TN)
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, hydrate (1:3:2)
D05KTE
Sodium citrate [USP:JAN]
Sodiumcitratetribasicdihydrate
SODIUM CITRATE [FHFI]
DTXCID0029397
Sodium citrate hydrate (JP17)
CHEBI:32142
Trisodium citrate dihydrate, ACS
NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K
SODIUM CITRATE HYDRATE [JAN]
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [MI]
AKOS025293920
Sodium citrate dihydrate, >=99%, FG
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [VANDF]
BP-31019
SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE [WHO-DD]
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, >=98%
Sodium citrate dihydrate, ACS reagent grade
SODIUM CITRATE, DIHYDRATE [WHO-IP]
D01781
F82065
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, AR, >=99%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, LR, >=99%
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate ACS reagent
NATRII CITRAS, DEHYDRATE [WHO-IP LATIN]
A833161
A835986
Q22075862
Sodium citrate dihydrate Biochemical grade, Fine Granular
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, USP, 99.0-100.5%
Sodium Citrate Tribasic Dihydrate (Molecular Biology Grade)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, ACS reagent, >=99.0%
trisodium 2-oxidanylpropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrateTrisodium citrate dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioUltra, >=99.0% (NT)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, insect cell culture tested
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, JIS special grade, >=99.0%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, purum p.a., >=99.0% (NT)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, tested according to Ph.Eur.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate, meets USP testing specifications
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioXtra, >=99.0% (titration)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, for molecular biology, >=99%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Sodium citrate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, dihydrate
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, trisodium salt, dihydrate
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, 99-101%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (NT)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.0% (NT)
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, suitable for amino acid analysis, >=99.0%
Sodium Citrate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.5%
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, suitable for amino acid analysis, >=98% (titration), powder
Trisodium citrate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:3) [ACD/Index Name]
200-675-3 [EINECS]
68-04-2 [RN]
994-36-5 [RN]
Citrate de trisodium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Citric Acid Trisodium Salt
MFCD00012462 [MDL number]
RS7A450LGA
Sodium 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate
Sodium Citrate [JAN] [USAN] [Wiki]
Sodium citrate anhydrous
Trinatriumcitrat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Tris sodium citrate
trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt
114456-61-0 [RN]
205-623-3 [EINECS]
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanenetricarboxylic acid trisodium salt
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid trisodium salt
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, trisodium salt
Citnatin
Citrate Concentratedmissing
citrate sodium
citrate trisodium
Citratemissing
Citreme
Citric acid sodium salt anhydrous
Citric acid trisodium salt, anhydrous
Citric acid, trisodium salt
Citrosodina
Citrosodine
Citrosodna
Isolyte E
Natrocitral
Sodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
Sodium citrate (USP)
Sodium citrate buffer
SODIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC
Sodium citrate, anhydrous
Synthesis on demand
tri-sodium citrate
Trisodium citrate anhydrous
tris-sodium citrate
UNII-RS7A450LGA

Trisodium Orthophosphate; Phosphoric acid, trisodium, 12-hydrate; Sodium Phosphate Tribasic Dodecahydrate; Trisodium phosphate, dodecahydrate; TSP dodecahydrate; Tertiary Sodium phosphate cas no: 7601-54-9

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